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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2018  with  funding  from 

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https://archive.org/details/reportofcensusofOOunit 


SUPERVISORS  or  THE  CUBAN  CENSUS 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 


ubRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  of  ILLINOIS. 

Oi'FICE  DIRECTOR  CENSUS  O  W  CXJ.BA. 


REPORT 


ON  THE 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


18  9  9. 


LT.  COL.  J.  P.  SANGER,  Inspector-General, 

DIRECTOR. 

HENRY  CAAISnSTUrUT,  WALTER  DC  WILLCOX, 

STATISTICAL  EXPERTS. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE, 

1900. 


ERRATA. 


Page  51. 
Page  60. 
Page  131. 
Page  204. 
Page  205. 
Page  294. 
Page  734. 


For  “  Valasquez”  read  Velasquez. 

For  “disordorly  ”  read  disorderly. 

For  “consentual”  read  consensual. 

For  “Tinadad”  read  Trinidad. 

For  “Jiquani”  read  Jiguani. 

Heading  of  table  should  read  “City  of  Puerto  Principe.” 
For  “1885”  read  1855. 


VA  •  ^ C  ir\  ^  \A  ^  a  S'  C  \a  is  Ck,  ^  q  4* 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 


Letter  of  transmittal  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  to  the  Secretary  of  War  . . .  9 

Proclamation  of  the  President  authorizing  the  census .  10 

Organization  of  census . 10 

The  field  work . :  11 

Geography .  17 

Political  divisions .  17 

Coast  regions .  18 

Orography . .♦ .  19 

Drainage  systems .  20 

Mineral  resources .  20 

Climate .  21 

Flora .  22 

Fauna .  23 

History .  24 

Discovery  of  the  island .  24 

First  settlement .  25 

Colonization  and  early  government .  25 

Causes  affecting  progress .  27 

Trade  restrictions  and  monopolies . , .  28 

Export  and  import  duties .  28 

Smuggling .  29 

Excessive  taxation .  29 

Lack  of  banking  facilities .  31 

Economic,  rather  than  political,  conditions  the  cause  of  the  slow  prog¬ 
ress  of  the  island .  32 

Governors,  character  and  administration  of .  32 

Insurrections,  causes  and  results  of .  33 

Intervention  by  the  United  States .  40 

Political  organization .  43 

Municipal  government .  44 

Provincial  government .  50 

Insular  government .  51 

Former  representation  in  the  Spanish  Cortes .  55 

Cuban  republics  declared .  55 

United  States  military  government .  55 

The  judiciary .  55 

Population,  aboriginal,  history  of .  65 

Population,  black,  history  of .  67 

Population,  coolie,  history  of .  69 

Discussion  of  the  tables . .  72 

The  total  population .  72 

Density  of  population .  73 

Urban  population .  76 


I  l 
JQ 

"  Ji 


3 


4 


CONTENTS. 


Discussion  of  the  tables — Continued.  Page. 

Center  of  population . 77 

Distribution  in  altitude .  80 

Sex .  80 

Age .  84 

Age  by  provinces .  90 

Age  by  sex .  92 

Nativity  and  race .  96 

Foreign-born  population  in  cities .  99 

Citizenship . 100 

Of  Habana  province .  103 

Of  Habana  city .  103 

Of  Matanzas .  106 

Of  Pinar  del  Rio .  107 

Of  Puerto  Principe .  108 

Of  Santa  Clara .  109 

Of  Santiago  de  Cuba .  110 

Families .  112 

Marital  condition .  117 

The  married . ’ .  118 

Persons  living  together  as  husband  and  wife  by  mutual  consent .  131 

The  widowed .  142 

The  single .  145 

Literacy .  147 

School  attendance .  150 

Literacy  among  persons  over  10  years  of  age .  152 

Occupations .  154 

Sanitary  condition  of  dwellings  and  unoccupied  houses .  167 

Dwellings  and  families .  167 

Source  of  water  supply .  170 

Disposition  of  garbage .  175 

Disposition  of  excreta .  176 

POPULATION  TABLES. 

I.  Total  population  at  different  censuses .  179 

II.  Total  population,  by  provinces,  in  1899,  1887,  and  1861 .  179 

III.  Total  population  by  municipal  districts  in  1899  and  1887 .  179 

IY.  Total  population  by  wards  and  by  cities .  181 

V.  Rural  population  by  municipal  districts,  with  area  and  density. ..  191 

VI.  Sex,  general  nativity  and  color,  by  provinces  and  municipal  dis¬ 
tricts  .  194 

VII.  Percentages  of  population  by  sex,  general  nativity,  and  color,  by 

municipal  districts .  200 

VIII.  Sex  and  age  groups,  by  municipal  districts .  202 

IX.  Race,  nativity,  sex,  and  5-year  age  periods .  206 

X.  Birthplace,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  218 

XI.  Country  of  birth,  by  race,  and  by  provinces  and  cities .  220 

XII.  Citizenship,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  225 

XIII.  Citizenship,  literacy,  and  education,  by  provinces  and  municipal 

districts .  228 

XIV.  Citizenship,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces  and 

cities .  251 

XV.  Conjugal  condition,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  299 

XVI.  Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity .  302 


CONTENTS. 


5 


Page. 


XVII.  Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  nativity,  and  age,  by  provinces 

and  cities .  306 

XVIII.  Illegitimate  children,  by  provinces  and  cities .  354 

XIX.  School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education,  by  provinces 

and  municipal  districts .  358 

XX.  Literacy,  by  age,  sex,  nativity,  and  race,  by  provinces  and  cities.  361 

XXI.  School  attendance,  by  months,  by  sex,  race,  nativity,  and  age,  by 

provinces  and  cities .  385 

XXII.  Higher  education,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces 

and  cities .  401 

XXIII.  Occupation  groups,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces  and 

cities .  403 

XXIV.  Occupation  groups,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  municipal  districts  406 

XXV.  Occupation  groups,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces 

and  cities .  438 

XXVI.  Occupations,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  for  the  island .  462 

XXVII.  Occupations,  by  age  and  sex,  for  the  island .  463 

XXVIII.  Occupations,  by  citizenship  and  sex,  for  the  island .  465 

XXIX.  Occupations,  by  sex  and  education,  for  the  island .  467 

XXX.  Occupations,  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition,  for  the  island .  469 

XXXI.  Occupations,  by  sex  and  country  of  birth,  for  the  island .  472 

XXXII.  Occupations,  by  provinces .  476 

XXXIII.  Selected  occupations,  by  age,  sex,  and  race,  by  provinces .  477 

XXXIV.  Selected  occupations,  by  age  and  sex,  by  provinces .  480 

XXXV.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenship,  by  provinces .  485 

XXXVI.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  education,  by  provinces .  489 

XXXVII.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition,  by  provinces.  494 

XXXVIII.  Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  country  of  birth,  by  provinces. . .  499 

XXXIX.  Number  and  size  of  families,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts.  507 

XL.  Dwellings  and  families,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  512 

XLI.  Source  of  water  supply,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  514 

XLII.  Disposition  of  garbage,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  517 

XLIII.  Disposition  of  excreta,  by  provinces  and  municipal  districts .  520 

Agriculture,  history  of,  in  Cuba .  523 

Sugar .  524 

Tobacco .  533 

Coffee .  537 

Cocoa .  539 

Fruit .  539 

Inferior  agricultural  implements .  539 

Poor  country  roads .  539 

Stock  raising .  539 

Number  of  coffee,  sugar,  and  tobacco  plantations,  cattle  ranches,  and  cattle . .  540 

Discussion  of  results .  541 

Farm  areas .  542 

Farm  tenure .  544 

Size  of  farms . ; . .  546 

Products .  547 

Tables  of  agriculture .  553 

XLIV.  Farm  areas .  553 

XLV.  Tenure,  by  race  and  by  size  of  farms,  number .  555 

XLVI.  Tenure,  by  race  and  by  size  of  farms,  cultivated  area .  556 

XLVII.  Products .  558 

XLVIII.  Sugar  plantations,  classified  by  area .  560 


G  CONTENTS. 

Tables  of  agriculture — Continued.  Page. 

XLIX.  Sugar  plantations,  number  and  average  size .  560 

L.  Tobacco  plantations,  classified  by  area .  560 

LI.  Tobacco  plantations,  number  and  average  size .  560 

LII.  Live  stock .  561 

Education  in  Cuba,  history  of .  565 

Royal  University  of  Habana . . .  566 

Public  schools  under  the  Spanish  regime .  566 

School  laws  and  systems .  577 

Teachers’  pensions  and  substitute  teachers .  582 

Salaries  of  teachers .  583 

School  law  of  June  30,  1900 .  585 

Institute  collegiate  course,  1900 .  600 

University  of  Habana,  reorganization  of .  605 

*  Discussion  of  tables .  615 

Tables  of  schools .  618 

LIII.  Schools .  618 

LIY.  Pupils .  619 

APPENDICES. 

I.  War  Department  orders  organizing  the  census .  621 

II.  War  Department  orders  appointing  disbursing  officers  of  the  cen¬ 
sus  in  Cuba .  625 

III.  Report  of  the  assistant  director,  Y.  H.  Olmsted .  625 

Reports  of  the  supervisors .  627 

IY.  Province  of  Habana,  Senor  Manuel  Rasco .  627 

Y.  Province  of  Matanzas,  Prof.  Claudio  Dumas .  631 

YI.  Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Senor  Pedro  Pequeno .  638 

YII.  Province  of  Puerto  Principe,  Senor  Augustin  H.  Aguera _  640 

VIII.  Province  of  Santa  Clara,  Senor  Juan  Bautista  Jiminez .  647 

IX.  Province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  Senor  Sabas  Meneses .  652 

X.  Report  of  enumerator  of  Zapata  Swamp,  Sixto  Agramonte .  658 

XI.  Report  of  enumeration  of  the  north  coast  of  Matanzas .  665 

XII.  Report  of  enumerator  Maria  Nunez  de  Yillavicencio .  666 

XIII.  List  of  enumerators .  668 

XIY.  Contract  with  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company .  695 

XY.  List  of  the  Governors  of  Cuba .  696 

XYI.  last  of  municipal  districts,  with  dates  of  organization  and  memo¬ 
randum  on  territorial  changes  since  1861 .  698 

XVII.  Memorandum  on  previous  censuses .  702 

XVIII.  Memorandum  on  vital  statistics .  714 

XIX.  Article  on  population,  translated  from  Pezuela’s  Dictionary .  727 

XX.  Bibliography .  737 

XXL  Statement  of  estimates  and  disbursements  on  behalf  of  the  census.  738 

Index . —  740 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


MAPS. 

Page. 

Map  of  Cuba .  18 

Increase  and  decrease  of  population .  72 

Density  of  rural  population .  74 

Size  of  cities .  76 

Distribution  of  sex .  80 

Proportion  of  native  white  inhabitants .  96 

Proportion  of  foreign  white  inhabitants .  98 

Proportion  of  colored  inhabitants .  100 

Average  size  of  families .  114 

Proportion  of  married  persons  to  population .  118 

Proportion  of  those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  to  total  population  ....  132 

Proportion  of  illiterates  to  total  population .  152 

DIAGRAMS. 

Population  classified  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  provinces .  82 

Population  by  age  and  sex .  84 

Citizenship  by  birthplace  and  illiteracy .  102 

The  city  of  Habana .  114 

Size  of  families .  116 

Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  and  age .  120 

Conjugal  condition,  by  provinces .  124 

Illiteracy  by  race  and  nativity .  148 

Illiteracy  by  provinces .  150 

Occupations  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity .  156 

Occupations  by  provinces .  160 

Birth  rates .  716 

Marriage  rates . 718 

Death  rates . 719 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTIONS. 

Supervisors  of  the  Cuban  census .  Frontispiece. 

Yumuri  Valley .  20 

General  landscape  of  cultivated  farms .  20 

Cave  of  Ballamar,  near  Matanzas .  22 

Ruins  of  copper  mines  at  El  Cobre  and  Sierra  Maestre .  24 

Surrender  Tree,  near  San  Juan .  40 

Habana .  42 

Habana .  44 

Matanzas .  46 

Bridge  over  Yumuri  River  at  Matanzas .  48 


7 


8 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 

Pinar  del  Rio .  50 

Puerto  Principe .  52 

Santa  Clara .  54 

Santiago  de  Cuba .  56 

Entrance  to  harbor  of  Cienfuegos .  58 

Nue  vitas .  60 

Trinidad .  62 

Sancti  Spiritus,  from  roof  of  orderly  quarters .  64 

Baracoa  and  entrance  to  harbor .  66 

Dimas,  village  in  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio .  68 

Native  white  family .  70 

Native  colored  family .  70 

Native  plow .  522 

Plowing  with  oxen .  522 

Sugar  mill,  province  of  Santa  Clara .  524 

Cutting  and  stripping  cane .  526 

Transporting  cane  to  sugar  mills .  528 

Central  Conchita .  530 

Sugar  machinery,  “Central  Caracas,”  province  of  Santa  Clara .  532 

Tobacco  plant .  534 

Setting  out  young  tobacco  plants .  534 

Tobacco  plantation,  province  of  Santa  Clara .  536 

Tobacco-drying  house .  536 

Sorting  tobacco  and  putting  it  in  bundles .  536 

Baling  tobacco .  538 

Tobacco  train .  538 

Fruit  exhibit .  540 

Ready  to  cut  pines  and  bananas .  542 

Cocoa  grove .  544 

Pinery .  546 

Avenue  of  Royal  Palms,  Matanzas .  548 

Climbing  the  royal  palm .  550 

Roping  cattle .  552 

Typical  municipal  school  building . 566 

School  for  girls,  Matanzas .  570 

Municipal  school,  Matanzas .  572 

Pupils  of  the  college  “Olavarrette,”  Habana .  576 

Exterior  “University  of  Habana,”  as  seen  from  O'Reilly  street .  584 

Class  in  the  corridor  of  the  “Royal  College,”  Habana .  588 

College  “Maria  Louisa  Dolorosa,” .  592 

Royal  College  of  Belen,  Habana .  600 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Habana .  628 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Matanzas .  632 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  Pinar  del  Rio .  638 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Puerto  Principe .  640 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  province  of  Santa  Clara .  648 

Supervisor  and  enumerators,  Santiago  de  Cuba .  652 

Female  enumerators,  Habana .  658 

Enumerators  of  the  city  of  Matanzas .  662 

Enumerators,  city  of  Cardenas .  666 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


War  Department,  Cuban  Census, 

Washington.  August  25,  1900. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  census 
of  Cuba: 

In  the  early  part  of  July,  1899,  I  received  instructions  from  the 
Hon.  Russell  A.  Alger,  Secretary  of  War,  to  prepare  a  u  memoran¬ 
dum”  for  a  census  of  Cuba.  In  August,  immediately  after  your 
arrival  in  Washington,  this  “  memorandum ’■  was  submitted  to  the 
Director  of  the  United  States  Census,  Hon.  W.  R.  Merriam,  the 
Assistant  Director,  Dr.  F.  H.  Wines,  and  Mr.  William  C.  Hunt,  chief 
statistician.  After  consultation  with  the  War  Department  it  was 
decided  that  a  census  covering  the  field  of  inquiry  usual  in  the  United 
States  was  not  expedient  for  Cuba,  in  view  of  existing  conditions; 
that  the  schedules  should  be  limited  to  population,  agriculture,  and 
education,  as  the  three  subjects  of  most  importance;  that  the  general 
plan  of  the  LTnited  States  census  should  be  followed;  and  that,  to  save 
time,  the  schedules  and  other  blank  forms  necessary  for  the  enumera¬ 
tion  of  a  population  estimated  at  1,600,000  be  printed  at  once.  The 
estimated  cost  of  taking  the  census  on  this  basis,  together  with  a 
statement  of  the  amount  disbursed,  will  be  found  in  Appendix  XXI. 
As  the  Senate  Committee  on  Cuban  Relations,  of  which  Senator 
O.  H.  Platt  is  chairman,  will  publish  an  itemized  statement  of  the 
expenditures,  they  are  omitted,  to  avoid  unnecessary  repetition. 

It  was  proposed  in  the  u  memorandum  ”  that  the  census  be  taken 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Military  Governor  of  the  island  by  cer¬ 
tain  Cuban  officials,  assisted  by  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  United 
States  Army,  but  as  the  census  was  primarily  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Cubans,  and  as  the  work  would  demonstrate  in  some  measure  their 
capacity  to  perform  an  important  civil  duty,  it  was  decided  bv  the 
Secretary  of  War  that  the  offices  of  supervisors  and  enumerators 
should  be  filled  by  Cubans,  and  that  the  field  work  should  be  per¬ 
formed  by  them,  under  the  supervision  of  an  experienced  officer  of 
the  United  States  census,  so  that  when  the  enumeration  should  be 
completed  it  would  be  a  census  of  Cubans  by  Cubans. 

No  decision  could  have  been  more  fortunate,  and,  coupled  with  the 
proclamation  of  the  President,  in  which  the  census  was  declared  to 

9 


10 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


be  a  preliminary  step  in  the  establishment  of  an  effective  system  of 
self-government,  was  the  first,  as  it  was  the  highest,  expression  of  con¬ 
fidence  on  the  part  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  in  the 
capacity  and  patriotism  of  the  Cubans,  removing  all  feeling  of  sus¬ 
picion  as  to  the  object  of  the  enumeration,  and  placing  the  census  at 
once  en  raj)j)ort  with  the  people.  Hundreds  of  intelligent  and  trust¬ 
worthy  men  and  women  volunteered  to  serve  as  enumerators  without 
pay,  and  the  order  of  the  President  was  received  throughout  the 
island  with  great  satisfaction. 

In  no  other  way  could  such  a  manifestation  of  good  feeling  and  of 
faith  in  the  intentions  of  this  Government  have  been  elicited,  and 
the  result  proved  the  wisdom  of  the  measures.  While  some  errors 
ma}r  have  crept  into  the  work,  and  while  possibly  there  are  some 
omissions,  it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  this  is  the  first  attempt  of 
the  Cubans  to  take  a  census,  and  that  the  difficulties  attending  it  have 
been  numerous,  serious,  and  not  easily  surmounted.  But  whatever 
its  defects,  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  people  of  Cuba  and  of  the  expert 
tabulators  and  statisticians  who  have  been  engaged  in  compiling  and 
analyzing  the  figures  that  they  bear  the  impress  of  honest  work,  that 
the  census  was  taken  rapidly  and  far  more  accurately  than  could  have 
been  expected,  and  that  in  this  respect  it  will  compare  favorably  with 
any  census  of  the  United  States. 

The  different  steps  by  which  this  was  accomplished  were  as  follows: 
An  estimate  was  prepared  of  the  probable  cost  of  the  census,  based  on 
the  supposed  population  and  the  employment  of  Cubans  as  supervisors 
and  enumerators;  a  careful  study  was  made  of  the  necessary  organiza¬ 
tion  in  all  its  details,  and  the  best  wa}T  to  carry  on  the  work  in  harmony 
with  the  general  administration  of  the  island.  At  the  same  time  the 
Military  Governor  of  Cuba  was  directed  to  nominate  suitable  Cubans 
as  supervisors  of  the  census  for  the  six  provinces  of  the  island  and  to 
order  them  to  Washington.  This  was  done,  and  on  their  arrival, 
August  IT,  they  were  received  hv  Hr.  Wines  and  Mr.  Hunt,  of  the 
United  States  Census  Office,  and  by  Mr.  Olmsted,  of  the  Department 
of  Labor,  and  for  two  weeks  were  carefully  instructed  in  their  duties 
as  supervisors  with  a  view  to  their  becoming,  in  turn,  instructors  of 
the  enumerators. 

On  August  IT  the  following  proclamation  of  the  President  was 
issued: 


Executive  Mansion,  August  17,  1899. 

To  the  people  o  f  Cuba: 

The  disorganized  condition  of  your  island  resulting  from  the  Avar  and  the  absence 
of  any  generally  recognized  authority  aside  from  the  temporary  military  control  of 
the  United  States  have  made  it  necessary  that  the  United  States  should  follow  the 
restoration  of  order  and  peaceful  industry  by  giving  its  assistance  and  supervision  to 
the  successive  steps  by  which  yon  will  proceed  to  the  establishment  of  an  effective 
system  of  self-government. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


11 


As  a  preliminary  step  in  the  performance  of  this  duty,  I  have  directed  that  a  census 
of  the  people  of  Cuba  be  taken,  and  have  appointed  competent  and  disinterested 
citizens  of  Cuba  as  enumerators  and  supervisors. 

It  is  important  for  the  proper  arrangement  of  your  new  government  that  the 
information  sought  shall  be  fully  and  accurately  given,  and  I  request  that  by  every 
means  in  your  power  you  aid  the  officers  appointed  in  the  performance  of  their 
duties. 

William  McKinley. 

As  there  were  no  general  census  laws  in  Cuba  it  was  necessary  to 
promulgate  orders  which  would  have  the  effect  of  laws,  organizing  the 
census,  defining  the  duties  of  the  census  officials,  and  the  obligations  of 
the  people  in  respect  thereto.  Accordingly,  August  19,  the  necessary 
Executive  orders  were  issued  (Appendix  I),  and  on  the  23d  the  order 
appointing  the  disbursing  officers  (Appendix  II).  These  orders  were 
sent  to  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba  for  promulgation  in  English 
and  Spanish. 

Having  been  thoroughly  instructed  in  their  duties,  and  in  the  mean¬ 
ing  of  the  regulations,  schedules,  and  other  blank  forms  for  carrying 
on  the  work,  and  being  duly  impressed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  with 
the  responsibilities  of  their  office,  the  supervisors  left  for  Cuba,  August 
23,  and  were  followed,  August  27,  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the 
census,  with  his  office  force. 

Thus  far  the  work  of  the  census  had  been  confined  to  Washington. 
The  field  work,  attended  with  many  difficulties,  was  now  to  follow. 

THE  FIELD  WORK. 

This  was  carried  on  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the  Assistant 
Director,  Mr.  Victor  H.  Olmsted,  an  experienced  official  of  the 
United  States  Census,  who  exhibited  from  first  to  last  the  mental, 
moral,  and  physical  qualities  necessary  for  the  successful  prosecution 
of  the  work.  By  dint  of  great  patience,  perseverance,  unusual  activ¬ 
ity,  and  tact  he  was  able  to  win  the  confidence  of  the  supervisors  and 
enumerators,  to  instruct  them  in  their  duties,  and  to  carry  the  work 
to  a  successful  conclusion — no  easy  task  for  a  foreigner  and  nonresi¬ 
dent  of  the  island,  as  for  many  years  its  inhabitants  had  always  con¬ 
nected  the  census  with  taxation  and  compulsory  military  service, 
toward  which  they  had  a  strong  natural  aversion. 

Mr.  Olmsted  was  directed  to  establish  his  office  in  the  city"  of  Santa 
Clara,  which  was  selected  as  a  geographical  center  and  as  affording 
sanitary  and  other  conditions  favorable  to  the  work.  His  report  is 
submitted  herewith.  (Appendix  III.) 

The  first  step  in  organizing  the  field  work  was  the  formation  of  the 
enumeration  districts,  and  for  this  purpose  accurate  maps  of  the 
provinces  and  municipalities  were  almost  indispensable.  Foreseeing 
this,  the  Military  Governor  was  directed,  August  8,  to  have  such  maps 
prepared,  but  it  was  not  until  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Olmsted  in  Habana, 


12 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


August  31,  that  much  progress  was  made  in  this  direction.  On  that 
date,  learning  that  the  military  authorities  in  Habana  had  no  suitable 
maps,  he  telegraphed  to  the  military,  civil,  and  judicial  authorities 
throughout  the  island  to  furnish  him  such  maps  as  they  had,  and  later 
discovered  in  the  insular  state  department  a  map,  said  to  be  the  only 
one  of  its  kind  in  existence,  showing  the  boundaries  of  the  judicial 
and  municipal  districts  in  each  province,  but  several  years  old,  and 
requiring  revision. 

As  soon  as  the  available  maps  had  been  collected  the  number  and 
boundaries  of  the  enumeration  districts  were  determined,  subject  to 
such  changes  as  might  be  necessary  after  the  supervisors  had  looked 
over  the  ground.  This  was  a  work  of  great  difficult}". 

Paragraph  VIII  of  the  order  organizing  the  census  prescribed  that 
the  boundaries  of  the  enumeration  districts  should  be  described  by  civil 
divisions — rivers,  roads,  public  surveys,  and  other  easily  distinguished 
lines.  But  it  was  soon  ascertained  that,  owing  to  the  imperfections 
of  the  maps,  little  reliance  could  be  placed  on  their  topographical 
representations,  and  that,  except  in  the  cities,  the  boundaries  of  the 
minor  civil  divisions  were  not  always  given,  and  even  when  they  were 
the  lines  of  surburban  and  rural  wards  could  not  be  determined, 
because,  as  was  subsequently  discovered,  they  had  apparently  over¬ 
lapped  in  some  locations  or  were  situated  in  two  different  municipali¬ 
ties,  and  the  claims  of  the  respective  local  authorities  had  not  been 
adjusted. 

To  avoid  the  double  enumeration  liable  to  result  from  this,  it  was 
decided  to  indicate  the  areas  of  rural  and  suburban  enumeration  dis¬ 
tricts  which  could  not  be  defined  as  the  orders  prescribed  by  desig¬ 
nating  the  ward  or  wards  to  be  included  in  their  limits  and  by  directing 
the  enumerators  to  inquire  whether  the  persons  and  premises  visited 
by  them  had  been  visited  and  enumerated  before,  and  if  they  had,  to 
pass  them  by.  Each  enumerator  was  also  required  to  post  a  printed 
notice  on  all  buildings  visited  by  him,  giving  the  date  of  his  visit, 
which  was  designed  as  an  additional  safeguard  against  double 
enumeration. 

By  September  13  Cuba  had  been  divided  into  1,315  enumeration 
districts.  Later  on,  owing  to  the  scattered  state  of  the  population, 
the  great  difficulties  of  communication  in  the  rural  districts,  and 
the  importance  of  completing  the  enumeration  within  the  time  desig¬ 
nated  by  the  President,  it  was  found  necessary  to  increase  this  number 
to  1,607, 

The  enumeration  districts  having  been  established,  the  appointment 
of  enumerators  followed.  As  the  value  of  the  statistics  to  be  col¬ 
lected  depended  entirely  on  the  fidelity  and  intelligence  of  the  enu¬ 
merators,  the  supervisors  were  cautioned  to  exercise  great  care  in 
their  selection,  and  were  informed  that  women  wTere  not  necessarily 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


13 


disqualified  on  account  of  their  sex.  One  hundred  and  forty-two 
women  were  appointed  enumerators  and  rendered  excellent  service, 
and  it  is  said  that  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  Cuba,  women 
were  given  public  employment. 

To  prepare  the  enumerators  for  their  work  and,  so  far  as  practicable, 
to  guard  against  errors  in  the  returns,  one  or  more  enumerators  in 
each  municipality  were  directed  to  report  to  the  supervisor  for 
instruction,  becoming  in  turn  the  teachers  of  the  other  enumerators 
in  the  district.  This  they  did  by  assembling  in  classes  and  going  care¬ 
fully  over  the  orders,  schedules,  etc.,  and  testing  their  knowledge 
by  the  actual  preparation  of  the  papers  required  in  the  regulations. 
All  enumerators  were  told  that  in  doubtful  cases  of  literacy  the  person 
to  be  enumerated  should  be  required  to  read  and  write  in  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  the  enumerator,  and,  as  far  as  could  be  ascertained  by  very 
careful  inquiries,  this  was  done. 

As  soon  as  appointed  each  enumerator  was  given  a  commission  and 
full  field  kit,  and  was  then  ready  for  the  work.  Some  of  those  assigned 
to  rural  and  suburban  districts  performed  their  duties  at  the  peril  of 
their  lives,  and  all  of  the  rural  enumerators  were  subjected  to  much 
personal  risk  and  discomfort,  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  roads  and 
streams,  the  prevalence  of  rain,  and  the  depleted  and  sparsely  settled 
state  of  the  country.  (Appendix  IV  to  XII.) 

A  full  list  of  the  enumerators  will  be  found  in  Appendix  XIII,  and 
among  the  illustrations  groups  of  those  with  whom  the  Director  came 
in  contact  during  his  tour  of  inspection  in  November  and  December. 

For  the  accuracy  with  which  this  census  has  been  taken  the  Cubans 
connected  with  it  are  certainly  entitled  to  the  credit  and  distinction  of 
being  faithful  and  intelligent  pioneers  in  the  discharge  of  civil  duties 
never  before  intrusted  to  them. 

On  the  10th  of  November  the  Director  of  the  Census  left  Washing¬ 
ton  on  a  tour  of  inspection,  to  enable  him  to  ascertain,  as  far  as  possi¬ 
ble,  in  what  estimation  the  work  of  the  census  was  held  by  the  peo¬ 
ple;  to  inspect  the  offices  of  the  assistant  director  and  supervisors;  to 
see  and  question  as  many  enumerators  as  could  be  collected  together 
in  the  large  cities;  to  determine  the  best  disposition  to  be  made  of  the 
census  property,  and  on  what  date  the  clerical  work  incident  to  the 
examination  of  the  schedules  could  be  closed,  and  the  latter  shipped  to 
Washington. 

The  result  of  this  inspection  was  satisfactory.  The  offices  of  the 
supervisors  were  found  in  good  order,  the  secretaries,  clerks,  and  the 
enumerators  intelligent  and  very  much  interested  in  their  work,  and, 
as  a  rule,  the  schedules  accurately  and  neatly  prepared. 

After  consultation  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  it  was  decided  to  close  the 
work  December  31,  discharging  all  Cubans  who  might  be  connected 
with  it  on  that  date,  except  the  supervisors,  and  to  bring  the  latter, 


14 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


with  their  schedules,  and  Mr.  Olmsted  and  party  from  Cienfuegos  to 
Washington  January  6.  It  was  thought  advisable  to  bring  the  super¬ 
visors  to  Washington,  that  they  might  make  the  gross  count  of  the 
population  and  be  on  hand  to  explain  any  ambiguities  or  defects  which 
might  be  discovered  in  the  schedules;  to  supervise  the  punching  of 
the  cards  from  which  the  tables  were  to  be  made,  and  to  learn  the 
entire  method  of  handling  the  statistics.  This  programme  was  car¬ 
ried  out,  and  Mr.  Olmsted  and  his  companions,  with  the  records, 
arrived  in  Washington  January  15. 

The  gross  count  of  the  population  was  completed  and  certified  by 
the  supervisors  by  January  31,  and  on  February  1  a  contract  was 
made  with  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company  of  Washington  (Appen¬ 
dix  XIV),  and  the  work  of  punching  the  cards  was  commenced.  This 
was  continued  under  the  supervisors  until  completed,  March  24,  and 
between  April  1  and  10  they  returned  to  their  homes,  having  labored 
conscientiously,  intelligently,  and  successfully  in  the  discharge  of  their 
important  duties.  Their  reports  are  submitted.  (Appendices  IV 
to  IX.) 

As  much  public  interest  had  been  shown  in  the  results  of  the  census, 
it  was  decided  not  to  await  the  preparation  of  the  full  report,  but  to 
publish  census  bulletins  containing  condensed  tables  with  a  brief  anal¬ 
ysis  of  their  contents.  The  first  bulletin,  in  English  and  Spanish, 
appeared  May  10,  and  the  others  at  intervals  until  all,  three  in  num¬ 
ber,  had  been  published  and  distributed,  the  English  edition  in  the 
United  States  and  Europe  and  the  Spanish  in  Cuba.  Other  tables 
essential  in  deciding  questions  connected  with  the  municipal  elections 
were  compiled  and  mailed  to  the  military  governor  of  Cuba  April  14, 
1900. 


In  the  preparation  of  the  bulletins  and  report  I  have  had  the  assist¬ 
ance  of  Mr.  Henry  Gannett,  of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  Mr. 
Walter  F.  Willcox,  of  the  United  States  Census,  both  well  known  to 
the  scientific  world  and  thoroughly  familiar  with  census  work. 

In  addition  to  the  account  of  previous  Cuban  censuses  Appendix 
XVII  and  the  analysis  of  the  tables  to  be  found  in  this  report,  it 
has  been  thought  advisable  to  present  a  description  of  the  island  and 
a  brief  sketch  of  so  much  of  its  history  as  bears  on  its  population, 
economic  condition,  and  government.  A  list  of  the  authors  consulted 
in  this  connection  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  (XX). 

The  maps,  diagrams,  and  views  which  illustrate  the  report  were 
selected  with  sole  reference  to  their  practical  or  historic  value.  No 
attempt  at  a  general  collection  of  photographs  was  made.  The  cities 
represented  are  either  the  capitals  of  the  provinces  or,  like  Baracoa, 
among  the  oldest  settled  by  the  Spaniards.  The  landscapes  give  some 
idea  of  the  most  noticeable  topographic  features,  viz,  the  great  cen- 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


15 


tral  uplands,  or  sugar  zone,  the  mountains,  the  beautiful  valleys,  and 
the  caves.  The  agricultural  industries  of  sugar,  tobacco,  fruit  cultiva¬ 
tion,  and  stock  raising  are  presented  in  some  of  their  more  interesting 
details,  while  the  groups  of  supervisors,  and  enumerators,  and  the 
family  groups  are  fair  types  of  native  Cubans,  whose  tragic  and  heroic 
struggle  for  liberty  has  excited  the  interest  of  the  whole  civilized  world. 

Very  respectfully, 


Hon.  Elihu  Root, 

Secretary  of  War. 


J.  P.  Sanger,  Ins.  Gent ., 

Director  of  the  Census. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Geography. 

The  government  of  Cuba  has  jurisdiction  not  only  over  the  island 
of  that  name,  but  also  over  the  Isle  of  Pines,  lying  directly  to  the 
south  of  it,  and  more  than  a  thousand  islets  and  reefs  scattered  along 
its  northern  and  southern  coasts. 

For  administrative  purposes  Cuba  is  divided  into  six  provinces 
which,  named  from  the  west  eastward,  are  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana, 
Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  Puerto  Principe,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba.  These 
provinces  are  divided  into  municipal  districts,  of  which  Pinar  del  Rio 
contains  20,  Habana  36,  Matanzas  2d,  Santa  Clara  28,  Puerto  Principe 
5,  and  Santiago  19,  making  a  total  of  132  municipal  districts. 

The  municipal  districts  are  in  turn  divided  into  barrios  or  wards, 
which  correspond  in  extent  and  organization  somewhat  with  our  elec¬ 
tion  districts.  The  number  of  these  in  the  entire  island  is  between 
1,100  and  1,200.  Both  municipal  districts  and  wards  differ  widely  in 
area  and  population.  The  five  districts  of  Puerto  Principe  are  large 
in  area,  while  several  in  Habana  and  one  or  two  in  Santiago  are  in 
area  little  more  than  cities.  In  population,  on  the  other  hand,  the  dis¬ 
tricts  range  from  Habana,  with  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  million  people, 
down  to  districts  containing  little  more  than  1,000  inhabitants.  In 
popular  language,  the  island  is  divided  into  the  Vuelta  Abajo ,  or  the 
portion  from  the  meridian  of  Habana  to  Cape  San  Antonio;  the  Vuelta 
Arriba ,  from  the  meridian  of  Habana  to  that  of  Cienfuegos;  Las 
Cinca  Villas ,  from  the  meridian  of  Cienfuegos  to  that  of  Sancti 
Spiritus,  and  Sierra  Adentro ,  from  the  latter  to  Holguin  and  Cape 
Maysi. 

Cuba,  the  most  populous  of  the  West  India  islands,  lies  directly 
south  of  Florida.  Habana  is  a  trifle  west  of  south  of  Key  West  and 
is  distant  from  it,  as  the  crow  flies,  about  100  miles,  being  separated 
from  it  by  the  Strait  of  Florida.  East  of  Cuba  lies  Haiti,  the  second 
in  size  of  the  West  India  islands,  and  south  of  it  lies  Jamaica.  The 
first  of  these  islands  is  only  5J  miles  distant  from  Cape  Maysi  the 
easternmost  point  of  Cuba.  The  latter  is  85  miles  distant  from  its 
southern  coast.  On  the  west,  Cuba  is  separated  by  Yucatan  Channel, 
130  miles  wide,  from  the  Peninsula  of  Yucatan,  Mexico. 

2J662 - 2 


17 


18 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Thus  from  a  military  point  of  view  Cuba  occupies  a  strong  strategic 
position,  controlling  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  the  Strait 
of  Florida,  the  ^Windward  Passage  to  the  Caribbean  Sea  between  Cuba 
and  Haiti,  and  Yucatan  Channel,  connecting  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  with 
the  Caribbean  Sea.  The  first  and  last  of  these  are  the  only  entrances 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  which  is  thus  controlled  completely  by  the 
island  of  Cuba. 

Cuba  is  included  between  the  meridians  of  71°  and  85°  west  of 
Greenwich  and  between  the  parallels  of  19c  40'  and  23°  33'.  Its  length 
from  Cape  May  si  on  the  east  to  Cape  San  Antonio  on  the  west  is  730 
miles.  Its  breadth  differs  greatly  in  different  parts,  ranging  from  100 
miles  in  the  east,  in  the  province  of  Santiago,  to  25  miles  in  the  neigh¬ 
borhood  of  Habana.  Its  area,  which  is  more  fully  discussed  elsewhere, 
may  be  set  down  as  13,000  square  miles,  including  the  Isle  of  Pines 
and  the  keys.  It  is,  therefore,  a  little  larger  than  the  State  of  Virginia 
and  somewhat  smaller  than  Pennsylvania. 

The  north  coast  is  for  the  most  part  bluff  and  rocky,  and  in  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and  Puerto  Principe  bordered  hy  lines 
of  islands  and  reefs  of  coral  formation,  the  passages  through  which 
are  extremelv  intricate  and  difficult.  These  islands  are  low,  are  in  the 
main  covered  with  mangrove  forests,  and  contain  few  inhabitants. 

The  coast  is  low  in  the  western  part  of  the  island,  the  bluffs  ranging 
about  100  feet  in  height  in  Pinar  del  Rio  and  rising  gradually  east¬ 
ward.  About  Matanzas  thev  reach  500  feet  in  altitude.  In  Santa  Clara 
and  Puerto  Principe  they  are  lower,  but  in  Santiago  the  coast  is  abrupt 
and  rugged,  almost  mountainous,  rising  in  a  succession  of  terraces. 

The  south  coast  from  Cape  Maysi  to  Cape  Cruz  is  mountainous. 
Indeed,  from  Santiago  westward  to  Cape  Cruz  the  Sierra  Maestra 
rises  abruptly  from  the  water  to  altitudes  of  several  thousands  of  feet. 
The  shores  of  the  gulf  of  Buena  Esperanza,  into  which  flows  the  Rio 
Cauto,  are  low,  and  from  this  place  westward,  excepting  a  short  stretch 
between  Trinidad  and  Cienfuegos,  the  coast  is  low  and  marshy  as  far 
as  Cape  San  Antonio,  the  westernmost  point  of  the  island.  This  coast 
strip  of  marsh  is  in  the  main  narrow,  but  west  of  Cienfuegos  it  broadens 
into  a  great  expanse,  forming  the  Zapata  Swamp,  an  almost  impene¬ 
trable  region,  75  miles  in  length  with  a  maximum  breadth  of  fully  30 
miles,  clothed  with  the  densest  vegetation  and  teeming  with  tropical 
life.  It  was  within  the  protecting  limits  of  this  marsh  that  the  Cubans 
during  the  recent  rev 
wounded. 

Off  the  south  coast  are  hundreds  of  low,  marshy,  mangrove-covered 
islands  and  islets. 

Most  of  the  harbors  on  both  coasts  are  of  peculiar  shape,  resembling 
nothing  so  much  as  pouches  with  narrow,  often  sinuous,  entrances, 
opening  within  into  broad  expanses  completely  sheltered.  This  is  the 


olution  maintained  a  hospital  for  their  sick  and 


A.Jfoen  K,  Co  Litti  Baltimore,  AM. 


75° 


74r° 


23° 


/ 


NTA 


IIABAN 


RANCHfl 

VELOZ; 


k'i5'y»iPiAh/;. 


|INGO>.(rtl 
/San  oi e 


I  JAGUEY 
1  GRANOE 


fSAN7A 
C  LAp, 


S^W.paC^ 


,in-A  * 


O  _ _ L  -^icoTaj  rqu^nP' — 


(/OM  1*1  I*KI)  FROM 

"CHART  "K"C.S.  COAS  T  AND  GKODKTIC  SURVEY” 


Boundaries  of  provinces —  —  — - — 

do  municipal  districts - — 

K  ailroads . . . . . — 


Scale 


!  / 1 ..."  M..!  flrt/An 


GEOGRAPHY. 


19 


character  of  the  harbors  of  Habana,  Santiago,  Cienfuegos,  Guantanamo, 
and  many  others  less  known. 

In  its  relief  the  island  of  Cuba  is  not  a  simple  orographic  unit,  but 
presents  great  variety  and  irregularity,  which  renders  it  incapable  of 
simple  description  and  generalization.  The  middle  portion  of  the 
island,  including  the  provinces  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and 
Puerto  Principe,  presents  little  relief,  but  consists  in  the  main  of  broad, 
undulating  plains  and  shallow  valleys,  the  land  rising  only  in  a  few 
places  to  any  considerable  altitude.  It  is  only  at  the  two  extremes  of 
the  island,  in  the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  on  the  west  and  Santiago 
on  the  east,  that  the  island  presents  any  considerable  or  well-defined 
relief  features.  Throughout  Pinar  del  Rio  there  runs  a  range  of  hills, 
a  little  north  of  the  middle  line  of  the  province  and  closely  paralleling 
in  direction  the  northern  coast.  This  range,  which  is  fairly  well  defined, 
is  known  as  the  Cordillera  de  los  Organos,  or  Organ  Mountains,  and 
rises  in  many  places  to  altitudes  exceeding  2,000  feet,  culminating  in 
Pan  de  Guagaibon,  having  an  altitude  of  2,500  feet.  From  the  crest 
of  this  range  the  land  descends  northward  and  southward  to  the  coast 
in  long,  undulating  slopes,  the  southward  slopes  forming  the  celebrated 
tobacco  lands  known  as  Vuelta  Abago. 

The  central  provinces  of  Cuba,  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and 
Puerto  Principe  consist  mainly  of  broadly  rolling  plains,  with  shallow 
stream  valleys.  In  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santa  Clara  these  plains 
are,  or  were  prior  to  the  late  revolution,  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation, 
while  in  Puerto  Principe  they  are,  in  the  main,  used  for  the  grazing 
of  cattle.  The  valley  of  the  Yumuri,  in  Matanzas,  is  a  type  of  the 
beautiful,  highly  cultivated  region  of  this  part  of  the  island. 

The  Sierra  de  los  Organos  ceases  as  a  range  a  little  west  of  Habana, 
but  traces  of  this  uplift  can  be  followed  through  the  central  part  of 
Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  and  the  western  part  of  Puerto  Prin¬ 
cipe  in  the  form  of  lines  of  hills  of  no  great  altitude  dotting  these 
extended  plains.  They  are  seen  south  of  the  city  of  Habana  in  the 
little  timbered  hills  known  as  the  Tetas  de  Managua,  and  farther  east 
in  the  Areas  de  Canasi,  the  Escaleras  de  Jaruco,  and  the  Pan  de  Mat¬ 
anzas,  just  south  of  the  city  of  Matanzas.  This  rises  to  an  altitude  of 
1,300  feet  and  serves  as  a  landmark  to  sailors  far  out  in  the  Atlantic. 
In  the  eastern  part  of  Matanzas  province  these  hills  disappear,  but 
they  reappear  again  in  Santa  Clara,  taking  the  form  of  elongated  crest 
lines  and  flat  top  summits,  and  as  such  extend  into  the  western  part  of 
the  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  is  a  group  of 
rounded  hills,  occupying  an  area  between  Cienfuegos,  Trinidad,  and 
Sancti  Spiritus.  The  highest  of  these,  Potrerillo,  has  an  altitude  of 
2,900  feet.  Among  these  hills  are  many  beautiful  valleys. 

Santiago,  at  the  other  end  of  the  island,  is  a  province  presenting 


20 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


great  relief.  Its  surface  is  extremely  broken  with  high,  sharp  moun¬ 
tain  ranges,  broad  plateaus  of  considerable  elevation,  and  deep  valleys — 
some  of  them  broad,  others  narrow  and  resembling  canyons.  The 
dominating  orographic  feature  of  the  province — indeed,  of  the  whole 
island — is  the  Sierra  Maestra,  which,  commencing  at  Cape  Cruz,  south 
of  Manzanillo,  extends  eastward,  closely  paralleling  the  coast,  from 
which  it  rises  abruptly,  as  far  east  as  the  neighborhood  of  Santiago. 
In  this  part  it  contains  many  points  exceeding  5,000  feet  in  altitude, 
and  culminates  in  Pico  Turquino,  which  is  reputed  to  have  an  altitude 
of  8,320  feet.  From  Santiago  it  extends  to  the  east  end  of  the  island, 
but  is  much  more  broken  and  has  more  of  a  plateau-like  form,  with  a 
great  diminution  in  altitude.  This  portion  of  the  range  takes  on  a 
different  name,  being  known  as  the  Cobre  Range.  It  contains  numer¬ 
ous  flat  summits,  approximating  3,000  feet  in  altitude,  one  of  which, 
known  as  La  Gran  Piedra,  is  said  to  have  an  altitude  of  3,300  feet. 

North  of  Sierra  Maestra  lies  the  broad  and  fertile  valley  of  the 
Canto,  beyond  which  the  country  rises  gradually  to  a  high  plateau 
occupying  the  interior  of  the  province,  with  a  summit  elevation  of 
1,000  feet  or  more,  on  which  stands  the  city  of  Holguin.  The  eastern 
part  of  the  province  consists  of  a  maze  of  broken  hills,  with  altitudes 
ranging  from  1,000  to  2,000  feet,  in  which  are  many  small  and  fertile 
valleys. 

The  Isle  of  Pines,  with  an  area  of  810  square  miles,  is  a  municipal 
district  of  the  province  of  Habana.  It  is  in  effect  two  islands,  con¬ 
nected  by  a  marsh,  the  northern  being  somewhat  broken  by  hills,  the 
southern  low,  flat,  and  sandy. 

The  rivers  of  Cuba,  though  numerous,  are  short,  and  few  of  them 
are  of  any  importance  for  navigation.  The  largest  stream  is  the  Rio 
Canto,  which  heads  in  the  interior  of  Santiago  province  and  in  the 
north  slopes  of  Sierra  Maestra,  and  flows  westward  through  a  broad 
valley  to  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Buena  Esperanza,  after  a  course  of 
about  150  miles.  This  stream  is  navigable  for  light-draft  boats  to 
Canto  Embarcadero,  about  50  miles  above  its  mouth. 

The  next  stream  of  importance  for  navigation  is  the  Sagua  la  Grande, 
on  the  north  slope  of  the  island,  in  Santa  Clara  province.  This,  which 
enters  the  sea  near  the  city  of  Sagua  la  Grande,  is  navigable  for  some 
20  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Several  other  streams  are  navigable  for  a  few  miles  above  their 
mouths,  but  in  most  cases  only  through  what  may  be  regarded  as  estu¬ 
aries.  Taking  the  island  as  a  whole,  its  internal  communications, 
except  along  the  coasts,  are  dependent  almost  entirely  upon  its  very 
few  and  poor  wagon  roads  and  its  few  railroads. 

MINERAL  RESOURCES. 

The  mineral  resources  of  Cuba,  so  far  as  developed,  are  few  in  num¬ 
ber  and  not  of  great  importance.  The  principal  product  is  iron  ore, 


YUMURI  VALLEY. 


GENERAL  LANDSCAPE  OF  CULTIVATED  FARMS. 


CLIMATE. 


21 


which  is  found  at  various  points  near  the  south  base  of  Sierra  Maestra, 
between  Santiago  and  Guantanamo.  The  ore  is  mainly  hematite,  with 
some  limonite,  and  is  found  principally  as  float,  in  great  masses  of 
bowlders.  It  is  easy  to  work  and  of  excellent  quality,  containing 
about  62  per  cent  of  iron.  A  few  occurrences  have  been  discovered 
and  mined  of  ore  in  place  in  the  rock.  There  are  three  companies 
owning  this  mining  property,  one  of  which,  the  Juragua  Company, 
has  mined  and  shipped  a  considerable  quantity  of  ore,  nearly  all  of  the 
shipments  having  gone  to  the  United  States.  Up  to  1895  the  product 
of  this  company  is  stated  at  a  trifle  over  3,000,000  tons.  Operations 
by  the  other  two  companies  have  consisted  mainly  in  development 
work,  only  a  small  quantity  of  ore  having  been  shipped  by  them.  The 
late  war,  of  course,  put  a  stop  to  mining  operations  and  much  of  the 
mining  plant  was  destroyed. 

A  copper  deposit,  reputed  to  be  of  extraordinary  richness,  is  known 
in  the  vicinity  of  El  Cobre,  in  the  southern  part  of  Santiago  province, 
but  since  1868  mining  upon  it  has  been  at  a  standstill.  Deposits  are 
reported  in  other  parts  of  the  island,  and  much  of  this  metal  may  yet 
be  produced. 

Asphaltum  is  found  in  various  places,  notably  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
city  of  Santa  Clara,  where  it  has  for  many  years  been  used  in  making 
illuminating  gas  for  the  city. 

A  little  gold  and  silver  has  been  mined  in  the  island  in  past  times, 
but  for  many  years  the  island  has  not  produced  either  of  these  metals. 

CLIMATE. 

The  climate  of  Cuba  is  comparatively  simple  in  its  character  and 
can  be  briefly  described.  With  the  long,  narrow  shape  of  the  island, 
its  great  extent  of  coast  line  and  small  breadth,  it  has  in  the  main  an 
insular  climate  with  a  high  mean  temperature,  slight  extremes  of 
temperature,  great  humidity  of  the  atmosphere,  and  an  ample  rainfall. 

At  Habana,  on  the  north  coast,  the  mean  annual  temperature  is  77°. 
The  range  of  temperature  between  the  mean  of  the  hottest  month  and 
that  of  the  coldest  month  is  from  82°  to  71°,  or  only  11°.  The  high¬ 
est  temperature  on  record  in  Habana  is  100.6°,  and  the  lowest  49.6°. 
This  maximum  recorded  temperature  is  no  higher  than  in  northern 
cities  of  the  United  States,  but  the  duration  of  high  temperatures  is 
much  greater  in  Cuba  and  explains  the  high  mean  temperature.  But, 
notwithstanding  the  long-continued  high  temperature,  the  climate  of 
the  northern  portion,  of  the  island  is  tempered  by  the  trade  winds 
which  blow  with  but  little  variation  throughout  the  year,  and  the 
nights  in  both  winter  and  summer  arc  cool.  The  mean  annual  tem¬ 
perature  at  Habana  fairly  represents  that  of  the  island,  it  being  per¬ 
haps  a  little  hotter  upon  the  south  coast  and  inland  than  upon  the 
north  coast.  The  range  of  temperature  between  summer  and  winter 
does  not  differ  probably  materially  anywhere  on  the  coast  from  that 


22 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


at  Habana,  but  inland  is  probably  a  little  greater.  The  mean  relative 
humidity  at  Habana  averages  about  75  per  cent  and  remains  tolerably 
uniform  at  all  times  of  the  year.  Inland  the  humidity  becomes  some¬ 
what  less,  but  not  decidedly  so. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  at  Habana,  derived  from  observations  of 
many  years,  is  52  inches.  The  record  shows,  in  different  years,  a 
rainfall  ranging  from  40  to  71  inches.  This  represents  quite  closely 
the  rainfall  upon  the  north  coast  of  the  island.  Inland  and  upon  the 
south  coast  it  is  probably  somewhat  less,  although  observations  are 
lacking.  This  is  decidedly  less  than  upon  the  Gulf  coast  of  the  United 
States  and  but  little  greater  than  that  of  the  northern  seaboard  cities. 
As  regards  the  distribution  of  rainfall  through  the  year,  there  is  a 
wet  and  dry  season,  the  former  being  from  May  to  October,  during 
which  time  about  two-thirds  of  the  precipitation  of  the  year  is  received. 
Rain  falls  during  about  one-third  of  the  days  during  each  year, 
although  this  does  not  represent  by  any  means  the  proportional  amount 
of  rainy  weather.  The  days  are  usually  clear  up  to  about  10  o’clock, 
from  which  time  till  night,  during  the  rainy  season,  it  is  frequently 
showery.  The  nights  are  commonly  clear.  Thunderstorms  are  fre¬ 
quent,  but  not  violent. 

The  prevailing  winds  throughout  the  island  are  the  northeast  trades, 
which  blow  with  great  persistency,  but  seldom  with  violence.  The 
island  is  occasionally,  though  not  frequently,  visited  by  hurricanes. 
These  break  upon  the  coast,  causing  the  maximum  destruction  in  its 
neighborhood,  and  rapidly  lose  their  force  and  violence  as  they  proceed 
inland. 

In  winter,  when  the  trade  winds  extend  farthest  to  the  southward, 
the  island  not  infrequently  comes  within  the  influence  of  u  northers,” 
from  the  North  Temperate  Zone,  greatly  and  suddenly  reducing  the 
temperature  on  the  north  coast.  These  occur  during  the  winter 
months  and  follow  the  severe  storms  of  the  United  States,  when  the 
temperature  sometimes  falls  as  low  as  50°,  causing  much  suffering,  as 
very  little  provision  is  made  against  cold  in  the  construction  of  the 
Cuban  houses. 

FLORA. 

Owing  to  the  richness  of  the  soil,  the  equable,  moist  temperature  and 
abundant  rainfall,  the  island  is  a  veritable  garden,  abounding  in  flowers, 
luscious  fruits,  and  a  great  variety  of  vegetables.  Uncultivated  nature 
has  a  wild  luxuriance  of  jungle,  grove,  and  forest  to  be  traversed  only 
by  the  aid  of  machete  or  along  well-worn  pathways.  To  illustrate  the 
great  variety  of  its  native  flora,  it  may  be  stated  that  over  3,350  native 
plants  have  been  found  in  the  island  besides  those  introduced.  They 
include  many  species  of  valuable  wood,  such  as  the  mahogany,  ebony, 
granadilla,  majagua,  cedar,  walnut,  ceiba,  lignum-vitie,  oak,  pine,  and 
the  palm,  of  which  there  are  over  30  species,  among  them  the  royal 


INTERIOR  OF  THE  CAVE  OF  BELLAMAR  NEAR  MATANZAS. 


FAUNA. 


23 


palm,  which,  to  the  poor  Cuban,  is  the  most  valuable  of  all,  as  the 
leaves  provide  him  with  a  roof  and  the  trunk  with  walls  for  his  primi¬ 
tive  dwelling.  In  the  interior  the  forests  are  in  large  part  made  up 
of  Cuban  pine,  which  forms  excellent  lumber.  Although  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  island  has  been  cleared  during  the  past  three  hundred 
years  for  the  purposes  of  cultivation,  yet  it  is  estimated  that  13,000,000 
acres,  or  nearly  half  its  area,  still  remain  clad  in  original  forests. 
These  areas  are  found  mainly  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  island,  in  the 
provinces  of  Santiago  and  Puerto  Principe. 

Over  a  large  part  of  the  cleared  or  cultivated  areas  are  luxuriant 
grasses,  which,  like  the  parana  and  guinea  grasses,  grow  to  a  height 
of  several  feet  and  are  abundant  and  nutritious. 


FAUNA. 


Throughout  Cuba  game  is  abundant;  deer,  though  not  native,  have 
flourished  and  multiplied  greatly.  Rabbits  are  also  plentiful.  The 
wild  boar,  so  called,  the  wild  dog,  and  the  wild  cat  are  simply 
domestic  animals  run  wild.  They  are  quite  numerous  in  all  parts  of 
the  island.  •  Wild  fowl,  especially  ducks  and  pigeons,  abound,  the 
former  crossing  from  the  Southern  States  during  the  winter  season, 
while  the  latter  remain  on  the  island  the  year  round.  Pheasants,  quail, 
snipe,  wild  turkeys,  and  wild  guinea  fowl  are  also  numerous,  with 
several  varieties  of  game  birds,  such  as  the  jperdiz ,  tojosas ,  rabiches , 
and  the  guanaros. 

The  only  distinctively  native  animal  is  the  jutia  or  hutia ,  ratlike 
in  appearance,  and  black,  which  grows  to  a  length  of  16  or  18  inches, 
not  including  the  tail.  While  eatable,  it  is  not  especially  palatable. 

Cuba  has  more  than  200  species  of  native  birds,  including  those 
already  mentioned  as  game  birds,  many  possessing  the  most  beautiful 
plumage,  but  those  with  song  are  rare. 

In  swampy  localities  crocodiles  and  American  alligators  (caiman*) 
are  found,  and  although  these  frequently  grow  to  an  enormous  size, 
but  little  attention  is  paid  to  them  by  the  natives. 

Chameleons,  small  lizards,  tree  toads,  and  similar  harmless  silurians 
of  diminutive  size  are  very  common,  while  occasionally  the  iguana 
and  other  large  varieties  of  the  lizard  species  are  seen. 

Few  varieties  of  snakes  exist  in  Cuba.  One  of  these,  the  maja , 
from  10  to  11  feet  in  length,  is  a  semidomesticated  reptile,  if  such  a 
term  may  be  used,  for  it  is  most  frequently  found  about  the  huts, 
farmhouses,  and  small  villages,  its  favorite  living  place  being  in  the 
palm-leaf  thatches  of  the  older  buildings,  while  its  favorite  food  is 
poultry.  Another  snake,  named  th ejuba,  is  more  vicious  in  disposition 
than  the  maja ,  although  never  reaching  more  than  one-third  its  size. 
It  is  not  poisonous.  The  other  varieties  are  still  smaller  in  size,  are 
seldom  seen,  and  are  not  venomous. 


24 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  land  crabs  are  very  abundant  and  annoying.  They  vary  in  size 
from  an  inch  to  8  inches  or  mo^e  in  diameter.  Scorpions,  centipeds, 
and  tarantulas  are  plentiful,  and,  although  they  are  poisonous,  their 
bites  are  rarely,  if  ever,  fatal. 

HISTORY. 

Many  books  have  been  written  about  Cuba,  but  few  detailed  and 
reliable  histories.  Such  information  as  is  available  is  in  fragmentary 
form,  and  many  important  events  connected  with  the  affairs  of  the 
island  arc  unrecorded,  or  so  briefly  touched  on  as  to  be  unintelligible. 
The  time  allowed  for  the  preparation  of  this  report  will  not  admit  of 
an  extended  compilation  of  historic  facts  and  no  attempt  has  been 
made,  therefore,  to  do  so.  But  it  has  been  considered  advisable,  as 
pertinent  to  this  census,  to  refer  to  the  discovery  and  first  settlement 
of  Cuba,  its  government,  and  the  causes  which  have  apparently 
affected  its  progress.  An  effort  has  also  been  made  to  collect  all 
reliable  data  in  regard  to  the  movement  of  population,  agriculture, 
and  education,  and  these  are  presented  by  way  of  preface  to  the 
analysis  of  the  tables. 

Cuba  was  discovered  by  Columbus  Sunday,  October  28,  1492. 
According  to  the  most  reliable  evidence,  he  landed  in,  or  a  little  to 
the  west  of,  what  is  now  called  the  bay  of  Nuevitas,  on  the  north 
coast  of  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe.  He  took  possession  of  the 
island  in  the  name  of  Christ,  Our  Lady,  and  the  reigning  Sovereigns 
of  Spain,  and  named  it  Juana  in  honor  of  Prince  John. 

.  Continuing  his  voyage,  Columbus  sailed  west  as  far  as  the  Laguna 
dc  Moron,  where  he  arrived  October  31.  From  here,  on  November 
12,  he  commenced  to  retrace  his  steps.  It  is  somewhat  difficult  to 
decide  from  his  journal  where  he  sailed  between  November  12  and  26. 
lie  appears  to  have  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Guija  Islands  and 
then  to  have  cruised  about  among  the  keys  and  islands  off  the  prov¬ 
ince  of  Puerto  Principe,  finally  reaching  the  Bay  of  Nuevitas. 

On  November  26  he  sailed  southeast  along  the  coast  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba  to  Baracoa,  where  he  arrived  on  the  evening  of  November  27. 
From  there  he  sailed,  on  December  4,  to  Point  Mavsi,  the  eastern  end 
of  the  island,  and  on  the  following  day  to  the  island  of  San  Domingo. 

On  the  3d  of  May,  1493,  Pope  Alexander  VI  issued  a  bull  conferring 
on  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  all  lands  already  discovered,  or  to  be  dis¬ 
covered,  in  the  Western  Ocean,  thus  confirming  by  divine  right,  to 
all  Christendom,  the  claims  of  Columbus. 

Columbus  visited  Cuba  three  times  after  this.  In  1493,  during  his 
second  voyage,  he  followed  the  southern  coast  from  Point  Maysi  as 
far  as  Batabano  and  the  Isle  of  Pines,  which  he  reached  June  13, 
1493,  discovering  in  the  meantime  the  island  of  Jamaica,  which  he 
visited  while  en  route  from  Santiago  de  Cuba  to  Cape  Cruz.  During 


RUINS  OF  COPPER  MINES  AT  EL  COBRE  AND  SIERRA  MAESTRE. 


HISTORY.  25 

this  voyage  Columbus  visited  Guantanamo,  Trinidad,  and  probably 
Cienfuegos. 

During  his  fourth  and  last  voyage,  he  touched  at  Cayo  Largo, 
off  the  south  coast  of  the  province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  in  July,  1502, 
while  en  route  to,  and  again  in  May,  1503,  when  returning  from,  the 
mainland. 

From  this  time  to  its  permanent  occupation  by  the  Spaniards,  Cuba 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  visited  often  by  other  explorers,  although 
in  1508  Sebastian  Ocampo,  acting  under  the  orders  of  Nicolas  de 
Ovando,  Governor  of  San  Domingo,  reported  that  Cuba  was  an  island, 
but  this  was  known,  probably,  to  other  explorers  several  years  before. 
Nevertheless,  it  does  not  appear  that  Cuba  received  much  attention 
from  the  Spanish  authorities  prior  to  1511. 

In  that  year  Diego  Columbus,  Admiral  of  the  Indies  and  Governor 
of  San  Domingo,  sent  Capt.  Diego  Velasquez,  one  of  the  companions 
of  Columbus  in  his  second  voyage,  to  subdue  and  colonize  Cuba.  With 
a  force  of  300  men  he  sailed  from  San  Domingo  and  landed  near  Point 
Maysi,  going  thence  to  Baracoa,  where  the  first  settlement  was  made 
in  1512.  In  1514  Velasquez  founded  Trinidad  and  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
on  the  southern  side  of  the  island,  to  facilitate  communication  with  the 
Spanish  colonies  of  Jamaica  and  the  mainland,  Sancti  Spiritus  near  its 
middle  point,  and  Remedios,  Bayamo,  Puerto  Principe,  and  San  Cris¬ 
tobal  de  la  Habana,  the  latter  on  what  is  now  the  site  of  Batabano. 
In  1519  this  name  was  transferred  to  a  settlement  on  the  present  site 
of  Habana.  The  same  year,  Baracoa,  having  been  raised  to  the  dig¬ 
nity  of  a  city  and  bishopric,  was  declared  the  capital,  and  so  remained 
until  1522,  when  both  were  removed  to  Santiago.  Habana  became 
the  capital  in  1552. 

On  the  death  of  Ferdinand,  January  23, 1516,  Velasquez  renamed  the 
island  Fernandina  in  his  honor.  It  was  subsequently  named  Santiago, 
after  the  patron  saint  of  Spain,  but  the  name  was  again  changed  to 
Ave  Maria,  in  honor  of  the  Virgin.  Through  all  these  official  changes, 
however,  it  retained  its  native  original  name. 

Velasquez  continued  to  govern  Cuba  as  adelantado ,  or  lieutenant- 
governor,  under  the  governor  and  audieneia  of  Santo  Domingo,  until 
his  death  in  1524.  He  had  five  successors  in  the  office  of  lieutenant- 
governor.  (See  Appendix  for  list  of  Governors.)  The  first  Governor, 
Hernando  de  Soto,  was  appointed  in  1536;  he  was  also  adelantado 
of  Florida.  The  first  Captain-General  was  Don  Gabriel  de  Lujan, 
appointed  in  1581.  During  this  interval  the  Spanish  population  had 
increased  very  slowly;  but  two  additional  towns,  Guanabacoa  and  El 
Cobre,  were  founded,  1555  and  1558,  and  not  another  town  was  built 
for  more  than  one  hundred  years. 

In  the  seventeenth  century  but  two  towns  of  any  importance,  Matan- 
zas  and  Santa  Clara,  were  founded,  and  in  the  eighteenth  but  nine. 


26 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


At  the  end  of  this  period  the  population  of  the  island  is  said  to  have 
numbered  275,000  souls,  while  the  development  of  its  wealth  had 
scarcely  begun.  In  fact,  for  many  years  after  its  colonization,  Cuba 
was  not  a  wealth-producing  colony,  and,  therefore,  not  an  object  of 
much  solicitude  or  patronage.  In  the  general  scheme  of  colonizing 
the  West  Indies,  both  Cuba  and  Jamaica  were  occupied  to  facilitate 
trade  with  the  rich  colonies  of  the  Spanish  main,  and  while  still  a 
young  colony  Cuba,  as  a  depot  of  supply,  was  severely  taxed  by  the 
numerous  expeditions  which  sailed  from  her  shores  between  the  years 
1512  and  1538. 

If  the  situation  and  many  natural  advantages  of  Cuba  be  considered, 
it  is  evident  at  a  glance  that  either  the  Cubans  have  been  blind  to 
their  opportunities  or  that  causes  generally  beyond  their  control  have 
retarded  the  growth  of  the  population  and  the  development  of  the 
island’s  resources.  The  latter  would  seem  to  be  the  case,  although  it 
can  not  be  said  that  the  Cubans  were  not  in  some  measure  accountable. 

The  principal  staples  of  Cuba,  and  those  upon  which  its  wealth  mainly 
depends,  are  sugar  and  tobacco.  The  largest  sugar  crop,  1891-95, 
was  1,051,000  tons;  the  largest  tobacco  crop  (same  year),  about  2,180,000 
arrobas,  or  62,000,000  pounds;  and  its  population  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  recent  war  was  probably  between  1,800,000  and  2,000,000  souls. 
It  is  the  opinion  of  experienced  and  enlightened  judges  that  the  island 
could  easily  have  produced  a  crop  of  sugar  and  tobacco  five  times  as 
large  and  had  a  population  of  5,000,000  people  had  its  administration 
been  characterized  by  different  theories  of  government. 

That,  in  the  administration  of  her  colonies,  Spain  was  a  bad  excep¬ 
tion  to  a  general  rule  of  liberal  and  generous  government  on  the  part 
of  other  countries  toward  their  colonial  dependencies  is  by  no  means 
the  case.  In  fact,  much  the  same  ideas  appear  to  have  influenced 
all  of  them  at  the  outset,  although  the  results  were  different,  as  might 
be  expected  of  governments  having  different  origins,  forms,  and 
theories.  The  prevailing  idea  appears  to  have  been  that  the  political 
and  economic  interests  of  colonies  were  always  to  be  subordinated  to 
those  of  the  home  country,  no  matter  how  injurious  the  consequences, 
and,  while  in  some  instances  this  course  was  modified  with  most 
beneficial  results,  it  was  followed  unremittingly  by  Spain  to  the  end 
of  her  supremacy  over  Cuba. 

Aside  from  the  fact  that  during  the  early  history  of  Cuba  Spain  had 
little  surplus  population  to  dispose  of,  and  that  through  the  expulsion 
of  the  Jews  and  Moors  she  lost  a  large  and  valuable  part  of  it,  her 
trade  restrictions,  established  at  the  beginning  of  the  colonial  period 
in  her  history  and  continued  without  essential  modification  for  nearly 
three  hundred  years,  would  account,  in  some  measure,  for  the  slow 
increase  in  the  population  and  industries  of  Cuba.  These  restric¬ 
tions  appear  to  have  originated  in  the  royal  cedula  of  May  6,  1497, 


HISTORY. 


27 


granting  to  the  port  of  Seville  the  exclusive  privilege  of  trade  with 
the  colonies.  At  the  same  time  the  Casa  de  Contratacion ,  or  Council 
of  Trade,  was  established,  upon  which  was  conferred  the  exclusive 
regulation  of  trade  and  commerce,  although  later  the  Council  exercised 
its  functions  under  the  general  control  of  the  Council  of  the  Indies. 
San  Domingo,  and  later  Vera  Cruz,  were  the  only  colonial  ports  author¬ 
ized  to  trade  with  Seville.  In  1717  the  trade  monopoly  of  Seville  was 
transferred,  by  royal  order,  to  the  port  of  Cadiz,  in  Spain. 

While  Santiago  was  the  capital  of  Cuba,  trade  between  the  island 
and  the  home  ports  mentioned  was  restricted  to  that  place,  and  when, 
in  1552,  the  capital  was  transferred  to  llabana,  that  city  became  the 
sole  port  of  entry  until  1778,  except  during  the  English  occupation  of 
the  island,  1762-63,  when  Habana  was  opened  to  free  trade.  By  the 
royal  decree  of  October  12,  1778,  trade  between  Santiago,  Trinidad, 
Batabano,  and  other  Spanish  ports  was  authorized.  This  privilege 
was  extended  to  Nuevitas  in  1784,  to  Matanzas  1793,  Caibarien  1794, 
and  Manzanillo  and  Baracoa  in  1803.  Prior  to  this  Cuban  ports  were 
practically  under  an  embargo  of  the  strictest  kind.  Even  between 
the  ports  of  Habana  and  Seville  or  Cadiz,  there  was  no  free  communi¬ 
cation,  but  all  trading  vessels  were  gathered  into  fleets,  or  uflotas ,” 
from  time  to  time,  and  made  the  voyage  accompanied  by  Spanish 
war  ships,  partly  for  protection  against  freebooters  and  pirates,  but 
chiefly  to  prevent  trade  with  other  ports.  In  1765  this  restriction  was 
removed. 

The  maritime  laws  regulating  trade  and  commerce  forbade  trade 
even  between  the  colonies,  and  as  early  as  1592  trade  with  foreigners 
was  only  permitted  by  special  authority,  and  in  1614  and  1680  trade 
with  foreigners  was  prohibited  under  pain  of  death  and  confiscation 
of  the  property  concerned. 

The  treaties  of  the  period  appear  to  have  recognized  these  prohibi¬ 
tions  as  entirely  justifiable  under  the  rules  of  international  intercourse 
as  they  existed  at  that  time.  Thus  by  the  treaties  of  1648  and  1714 
between  Spain  and  the  Dutch  provinces  it  was  agreed  by  the  con¬ 
tracting  parties  to  abstain  from  trading  in  the  ports  and  along  the 
coast  of  the  Indies  belonging  to  each  of  the  treaty  nations.  Again, 
by  the  treaty  of  Madrid  between  England  and  Spain,  similar  engage¬ 
ments  were  made,  although  article  10  provided  that  in  case  vessels 
arrived  at  the  prohibited  ports  under  stress  or  shipwreck  they  should 
be  kindly  received  and  permitted  to  purchase  provisions  and  repair 
damages.  This  privilege  was  subsequently  withdrawn  by  royal  orders 
of  January  20  and  April  15,  1784,  which  prescribed  that  no  vessel 
belonging  to  a  foreign  nation  should  be  permitted  to  enter,  even  under 
the  pretext  of  seeking  shelter.  The  severity  of  these  restrictions  was 
modified  later  on  and,  by  a  royal  order  of  January  8,  1801,  Cuban 
ports  were  thrown  open  to  the  commerce  of  friendly  and  neutral 
nations. 


28 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Other  commercial  privileges  were  granted  in  1805,  1809,  1810,  and 
1812,  due,  in  great  measure,  if  not  entirely,  to  the  French  invasion  of 
the  Peninsula  and  its  effect  on  Spanish  possessions  in  the  West  Indies 
and  America.  But  these  concessions  to  trade  with  Spanish  colonies 
were  hut  temporary,  as  by  royal  orders  of  January  10,  November  17, 
and  July  10,  1809,  foreign  commerce  with  Spanish-American  ports 
was  prohibited.  Against  these  last  restrictions  of  trade  the  various 
Spanish  colonial  Governors,  and  especially  the  Captain-General  of 
Cuba,  protested  on  the  ground  of  the  necessities  of  the  colonies  and 
the  inability  of  Spain  to  meet  them.  These  objections  having  been 
favorably  considered  by  the  Council  for  the  Indies,  foreign  trade  with 
Habana  was  extended  for  six  months. 

Many  other  decrees  and  ro}Tal  orders  affecting  trade  with  Cuba  and 
the  other  Spanish  colonies  were  promulgated  during  the  period  between 
1775  and  1812,  but  they  throw  no  additional  light  on  this  subject.  It 
is  plain  that  Spain  was  always  averse  to  granting  trade  facilities  with 
her  colonies,  and  only  did  so  for  a  time  when  forced  by  her  necessities; 
but  having  once  opened  Cuban  ports  and  to  that  extent  established  the 
privilege  of  foreign  trade,  which  it  was  difficult  to  recall,  the  next  step 
was  to  restrict  it  as  far  as  possible  by  duties,  tonnage,  and  port  dues, 
and  arbitrary  tariffs  imposed  from  time  to  time  in  such  a  way  as  to 
render  foreign  commerce  unprofitable.  Without  going  into  details  it 
may  be  said  that  up  to  1821  duties  on  foreign  commerce  were  much 
greater  than  on  Spanish  merchandise,  and  while  from  that  year  they 
were  generally  less  restrictive,  still  they  were  always  high  enough  to 
compel  Cubans  to  purchase  from  Spanish  merchants,  who,  as  Spain 
did  not  herself  produce  what  was  needed,  bought  from  French, 
German,  American,  or  other  sources,  thereby  raising  prices  far  above 
what  they  would  have  been  under  a  system  less  hampering.  In 
fact,  up  to  1818  Cuba  does  not  appear  to  have  had  a  tariff  system.  In 
that  year  a  tariff  was  promulgated  making  the  duties  26i  per  cent  on 
agricultural  implements  and  13  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  other  foreign 
merchandise.  This  was  modified  in  1820  and  1822  and  the  duties  reduced 
to  20  per  cent  on  agricultural  implements  and  37  per  cent  ad  valoi'em 
on  foreign  industrial  products.  On  all  Spanish  importations  under 
this  classification  the  duties  were  two-thirds  less.  The  tariff  of  1821 
was  less  prohibitive. 

Not  satisfied,  apparently,  with  this  arrangement  for  excluding 
foreign  trade  or  with  the  amount  of  customs  revenue,  an  export  tariff 
was  established  in  1828  on  sugar  and  coffee,  which  had  by  that  time 
become  important  products.  On  sugar  the  duty  was  four-fifths  of  a 
cent  per  pound,  and  on  coffee  two-fifths  of  a  cent  per  pound.  If 
exported  in  foreign  vessels,  the  duty  on  sugar  was  doubled  and  on 
coffee  was  increased  to  1  cent  per  pound.  With  slight  modifications 


HISTORY. 


29 


these  duties  continued  to  August  1,  1891,  when,  under  the  McKinley 
tariff  law,  a  reciprocal  commercial  agreement  was  proclaimed  by  Presi¬ 
dent  Harrison  between  Spain  and  the  United  States,  which  enabled 
Cuba  to  seek  its  nearest  and  most  natural  market.  In  a  short  time 
nearly  the  entire  trade  of  Cuba  was  transferred  to  the  United  States, 
and  Cuba  enjoyed  a  degree  of  prosperity  never  before  attained. 

But  with  the  termination  of  this  agreement  by  the  tariff  law  of  1894, 
the  old  practice  of  differential,  special,  and  discriminating  duties 
against  foreign  trade  was  reestablished,  thus  forcing  upon  the  Cubans 
compulsory  trade  with  Spain.  There  seems  to  be  no  question  among 
impartial  and  intelligent  judges  as  to  the  injurious  effect  of  this  system 
on  the  growth  of  Cuba’s  population  and  material  progress,  both  largely 
dependent  on  commercial  advantages. 

Another  evil  born  of  the  system  and  given  a  certain  amount  of 
immunity  through  the  reverses  and  disasters  of  the  Spanish  navy,  in 
consequence  of  which  Spain  was  unable  to  protect  her  commerce  or 
fully  enforce  trade  regulations,  is  smuggling,  which  began  with  trade 
restrictions  and  monopolies  and  has  continued  to  this  day,  the  amount 
of  merchandise  smuggled  being,  for  many  years,  nearly  equal  to 
that  regularly  imported  and  exported.  From  smuggling  on  a  large 
scale  and  privateering  to  buccaneering  and  piracy  is  not  a  long  step, 
and  under  the  name  of  privateers  French,  Dutch,  English,  and 
American  smugglers  and  buccaneers  swarmed  the  Caribbean  Sea  and 
Gulf  of  Mexico  for  more  than  two  centuries,  plundering  Spanish 
flotas  and  attacking  colonial  settlements.  Among  the  latter,  Cuba 
was  the  chief  sufferer.  Sallying  forth  from  Santo  Domingo,  Jamaica, 
the  Tortugas,  and  other  islands  and  keys,  these  marauders  raided  the 
island  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  its  northern,  eastern,  and  south¬ 
ern  coast  line,  levying  tribute,  kidnaping  individuals,  and  carrying  off 
whatever  was  needed.  In  1538  they  attacked  and  burned  Habana. 
In  1544  they  attacked  Baracoa,  Matanzas,  and  Habana,  which  they 
again  sacked  and  burned.  In  1604  Giron,  a  French  buccaneer,  landed 
twice  in  Santiago,  capturing  the  Morro,  and  in  1679  French  buc¬ 
caneers  again  raided  the  province.  Incursions  on  a  smaller  scale  were 
frequent,  causing  the  Captain-General  to  issue  an  order  requiring  all 
men  to  go  armed  and  all  persons  to  retire  to  their  homes  after  night¬ 
fall.  By  the  terror  they  excited  these  raids  retarded  somewhat  the 
development  of  agriculture  by  compelling  the  people  to  concentrate 
in  the  towns  for  protection.  On  the  other  hand,  they  stimulated  the 
construction  of  fortifications  in  the  harbor  of  Habana  and  other  ports, 
which,  a  few  years  later,  made  them  safe  against  such  incursions. 

Coupled  with  trade  restrictions  and  extending  throughout  the  entire 
life  of  Cuba  as  a  dependency  of  Spain,  excessive  taxation  has  always 
prevailed.  Apart  from  imports  and  exports,  taxes  were  levied  on  real 


30 


"REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


and  personal  property  and  on  industries  and  commerce  of  all  kinds. 
Every  profession,  art,  or  manual  occupation  contributed  its  quota, 
while,  as  far  back  as  1638,  seal  and  stamp  taxes  were  established  on 
all  judicial  business  and  on  all  kinds  of  petitions  and  claims  made  to 
official  corporations,  and  subsequently  on  all  bills  and  accounts. 
These  taxes  were  in  the  form  of  stamps  on  official  paper,  and  at  the 
date  of  American  occupation  the  paper  cost  from  35  cents  to  $3  a 
sheet.  On  deeds,  wills,  and  other  similar  documents  the  paper  cost 
from  35  cents  to  $37.50  per  sheet,  according  to  the  value  of  the  prop¬ 
erty  concerned.  Failure  to  use  even  the  lowest-priced  paper  involved 
a  tine  of  $50. 

There  was  also  a  municipal  tax  on  the  slaughter  of  cattle  for  the 
market.  This  privilege  was  sold  by  the  municipal  council  to  the 
highest  bidder,  with  the  result  that  taxes  were  assessed  on  all  animals 
slaughtered,  whether  for  the  market  or  for  private  consumption,  with 
a  corresponding  increase  in  the  price  of  meat. 

Another  tax  established  in  1528,  called  the  derecho  de  averia , 
required  the  payment  of  20  ducats  ($16)  by  every  person,  bond  or 
free,  arriving  in  the  island.  In  1665  this  tax  was  increased  to  $22, 
and  continued  in  force  to  1765,  thus  retarding  immigration,  and,  to 
that  extent,  the  increase  of  population,  especially  of  the  laboring 
class. 

An  examination  of  these  taxes  will  show  their  excessive,  arbitrary, 
and  unscientific  character,  and  how  they  operated  to  discourage  Cubans 
from  owning  property  or  engaging  in  many  industrial  pursuits  tending 
to  benefit  them  and  to  promote  the  material  improvement  of  the  island. 

Taxes  on  real  estate  were  estimated  by  the  tax  inspector  on  the 
basis  of  its  rental  or  productive  capacity,  and  varied  from  I  to  12 
per  cent.  Similarly,  a  nominal  municipal  tax  of  25  per  cent  was 
levied  on  the  estimated  profits  of  all  industries  and  commerce,  and 
on  the  income  derived  from  all  professions,  manual  occupations,  or 
agencies,  the  collector  receiving  6  per  cent  of  all  taxes  assessed. 
Much  unjust  discrimination  was  made  against  Cubans  in  determining 
assessable  values  and  in  collecting  the  taxes,  and  it  is  said  that  bribery 
in  some  form  was  the  only  effective  defense  against  the  most  flagrant 
impositions. 

Up  to  the  year  1638  the  taxes  were  collected  by  royal  officers 
appointed  bv  the  King,  and  their  accounts  were  passed  on  by  the 
audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo.  In  that  year  contadores  (auditors)  were 
appointed  who  exercised  fiscal  supervision  over  the  tax  collectors, 
until,  by  royal  cedula  of  October  31,  1764,  the  intendancy  of  Habana 
was  created,  the  administration  of  taxes  being  conducted  as  in  Spain. 
Since  1892  the  taxes  have  been  collected  by  the  Spanish  Bank  under  a 
ten  years’  contract,  the  bank  receiving  a  commission  of  5  per  cent. 
About  18  per  cent  of  the  assessed  taxes  remained  uncollected  between 


HISTORY. 


31 


1886  and  1897,  and  the  deficits  thus  caused  were  added  to  the  Cuban 
debt,  ever  a  subject  of  universal  discontent.1 

If  to  high  taxes,  high  tariffs,  and  utter  indifference,  apparently,  to 
the  needs  of  the  island  be  added  a  lack  of  banking  facilities  of  all 
kinds,  and  a  system  of  currency  dependent  entirely  on  the  Spanish 
Government  and  affected  by  all  its  financial  difficulties,  we  have  some 
of  the  reasons  why  the  economic  development  of  Cuba  has  been  slow. 
“All  her  industrial  profits  were  absorbed  by  Spain,  leaving  no  surplus 
to  provide  for  the  accumulation  of  capital  and  the  material  progress 
of  the  island,”2  which  was  apparently  regarded  as  a  government 
monopoly,  whose  productive  capacity  was  in  no  wise  connected  with 
its  economic  interests.  Accordingly,  such  interests  were  invariably 
subordinated  to  those  of  Spain — with  which  they  rarely  accorded — no 
matter  how  injurious  the  result.  That  this  course  should  have  been 
followed  in  the  early  period  of  Spanish  colonization  is  not  strange.  All 
sorts  of  economic  experiments,  based  on  what  are  now  considered 
absurd  economic  theories,  were  tried  about  that  time  by  European 
countries  in  vain  efforts  to  promote  national  prosperity  by  entirely 
unnatural  methods.  Thus,  for  many  years  Cuba  was  prohibited,  in 
common  with  other  colonies,  from  the  cultivation  of  raw  products 
raised  in  Spain,  thus  reversing  the  theory  and  practice  under  which 
England  subsequently  developed  her  manufacturing  industries  at  home, 
successfully  colonized  all  parts  of  the  habitable  globe,  and  established 
her  enormous  colonial  trade,  by  the  very  natural  process  of  paying  for 
the  raw  products  of  her  colonies  in  manufactured  articles.  No  nation 
in  Europe  during  the  sixteenth  century  was  in  a  better  condition  than 
Spain  to  establish  such  a  system,  as  she  was  essentially  a  manufactur¬ 
ing  country.  But  with  the  expulsion  of  the  Moors  her  manufactures 
were  practically  ruined;  the  wealth  which  for  many  years  had  poured 
in  from  the  colonies  in  exchange  for  the  supplies  shipped  them  now 
passed  through  her  to  other  countries  in  consequence  of  her  extinguished 
industries,  and  she  became  little  more  than  a  clearing  house  for  foreign 
products.  Five-sixths  of  the  manufactured  articles  used  in  Spain  were 
imported,  and  foreigners,  in  direct  violation  of  Spanish  laws,  soon  car¬ 
ried  on  nine-tenths  of  the  trade  with  her  colonies. 

It  may  be  said  that  results  equally  unfortunate  appear  to  have  attended 
all  other  branches  of  Spanish  colonial  government.  Under  a  policy  so 
shortsighted  that  it  was  blind  to  the  most  ordinary  precautions,  and 

1  According  to  the  data  of  the  tribunal  of  accounts  ( tribunal  de  suentas )  of  Habana, 
referred  to  by  Senor  la  Sagra,  Cuba  received  as  ordinary  and  extraordinary  “situcidos” 
from  Mexico,  from  1766  to  1788,  57,739,346  pesos  fuertes,  and  from  1788  to  1806  the 
sum  of  50,411,158  pesos  fuertes. 

2  The  proof  of  this  is  the  bad  condition  of  the  roads  and  harbors,  the  absence  of 
docking  facilities,  the  lack  of  adequate  water  supply  in  cities,  of  sewers,  paved  streets, 
schoolhouses  and  other  public  buildings  essential  to  every  community  and  provided 
by  private  or  public  enterprise. 


32 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


long  after  repeated  warnings  should  hare  suggested  a  greater  measure 
of  economic  and  political  independence  for  Cuba,  the  entire  system  of 
Cuban  government  and  administration  was  retained  in  the  hands  of 
Spanish  officials  to  the  exclusion  of  native  Cubans,  thus  substituting 
for  home  rule  a  government  which,  however  necessary  in  the  earlier 
history  of  the  island,  became,  with  the  lapse  of  centuries,  an  object  of 
suspicion  and  hatred  to  a  large  majority  of  Cubans,  as  the  medium 
through  which  Spain  exercised  despotic  power  over  them  and  appro¬ 
priated  to  herself  the  wealth  of  the  island.  That  these  feelings  would 
have  yielded  to  greater  economic  and  political  freedom,  there  can  be 
no  question.  Political  independence  was  not  generally  advocated  at 
first.  Autonomy  under  the  protection  of  Spain  was  as  far  as  the 
industrial  classes  cared  to  go,  and  had  this  been  granted  ten  years 
earlier  Cuba  might  and  probably  would  have  remained  a  Spanish  col¬ 
ony.  It  was  the  economic  rather  than  the  political  aspect  of  the  island 
that  concerned  the  greater  part  of  its  population.  But  in  Cuba  polit¬ 
ical  and  economic  conditions  were  inseparable  under  the  theory  of 
colonial  government  which  prevailed,  and  economic  concessions  were 
not  to  be  thought  of  if  the  practice  of  stripping  Cuba  by  the  various 
means  described  without  giving  Cubans  the  least  opportunity  to  pre¬ 
vent  it  in  a  peaceful  wa}r  was  to  continue. 

That  they  would  ever  resort  to  force  was  not  believed,  or  if  believed, 
not  feared,  in  the  face  of  a  despotic  Governor-General  with  a  local  army 
and  navy  to  enforce  his  authority  and  the  whole  power  of  Spain  in 
reserve.  Besides,  the  Cubans  had  given  ample  proof  of  their  loyalty. 

But  the  rulers  of  Cuba,  usually  blind  to  its  interests,  were  to  test 
the  loyalty  of  her  people  beyond  the  limits  of  endurance,  and,  as  a 
result,  to  lose  for  Spain  her  “ever  faithful  island.” 

From  the  time  of  Velasquez,  1512,  to  General  Don  Adolpho  Jim¬ 
enez  Castellanos,  1898,  Cuba  had  136  rulers.  A  list  of  them  will  be 
found  in  Appendix  XV,  and  it  may  be  said  that,  with  but  a  dozen  excep¬ 
tions,  they  did  nothing  toward  the  development  of  the  island  or  the 
welfare  of  the  people,  although  clothed  with  despotic  power  since 
1825.  A  large  number  of  them  were  Spanish  politicians,  appointed 
without  special  reference  to  their  fitness,  but  as  a  reward  for  services, 
personal  or  political,  rendered  to  the  Spanish  Government.  The 
resources  of  Cuba  were  alwa}Ts  available  to  the  home  party  in  control- 
for  this  purpose,  which  accounts  in  some  measure  for  the  unanimity 
of  Spanish  opinion  respecting  political  concessions  to  the  island.  It 
was  necessary  that  its  control  should  remain  absolutely  in  the  hands 
of  the  Captain-Generals  representing  the  home  government;  but  there 
is  very  little  question  that  had  all  of  them  exercised  their  authority 
with  moderation,  lightened  the  burden  of  taxation,  removed  or  modi¬ 
fied  many  trade  restrictions,  promoted  public  works,  and  used  their 


HISTORY. 


33 


authority  to  extend  the  influence  of  the  Cubans  in  the  administration 
of  the  island,  the  dominion  of  Spain  might  have  been  continued  for 
years  to  come,  as  much  of  the  political  agitation  would  have  been 
avoided,  the  gulf  between  Spaniards  and  Cubans  would  have  been 
bridged  over,  until,  through  these  and  other  influences,  an  adjustment 
of  the  economic  situation  would  have  brought  peace  and  prosperity  to 
the  people. 

The  first  serious  opposition  to  the  insular  government  was  brought 
out  by  the  attempt  of  Captain -General  Vicente  Roja  to  enforce  the 
government  monopoly  in  tobacco,  decreed  in  1717.  Several  bloody 
riots  occurred  and  Roja  was  obliged  to  withdraw  temporarily  from  the 
island. 

Apart  from  uprisings  among  the  negroes,  stimulated  no  doubt  by 
the  success  of  their  race  over  the  French  in  the  neighboring  island 
of  San  Domingo  there  were  no  other  attempts  at  insurrection  on 
the  part  of  Cubans  until  after  the  conspiracy  of  1823,  planned  by  a 
secret  society  known  as  the  4 "Soles  de  Bolivar.”  This  conspiracy 
resulted  from  the  attempt  of  Captain-General  Vives  to  carry  out  the 
instructions  of  Ferdinand  VII,  after  the  abrogation  of  the  Spanish 
liberal  constitution  of  1812,  and  was  intended  as  a  protest  against  a 
return  to  absolutism  in  Cuba;  but,  apparently,  it  failed  of  effect,  and 
there  was  no  relaxation  of  efforts  to  reestablish  the  old  order.  The 
conspiracy  was  of  a  serious  character  and  extended  over  the  entire 
island,  but  centered  in  Matanzas,  where  among  the  revolutionists  was 
Jose  Maria  Heredia,  the  Cuban  poet.  The  conspiracy  failed  and  the 
leader,  Jose  Francisco  Lemus,  and  a  large  number  of  conspirators  were 
arrested  and  deported.  A  feeling  of  bitter  resentment  against  the 
Government  was  the  result,  and  a  period  of  agitation  and  public 
demonstration  followed.  Frequent  uprisings  were  attempted  in  1821, 
but  failed. 

It  would  have  been  well  for  Spain  had  Ferdinand  VII  been  warned 
by  these  events  and  endeavored,  by  conciliatory  measures,  to  allay 
such  manifest  feelings  of  discontent.  But  neither  he  nor  his  advisors 
would  seethe  44 handwriting  on  the  wall.”  With  characteristic  sever¬ 
ity,  the  royal  decree  of  May  28,  1825,  was  issued,  conferring  on  the 
Captain-General  44 all  the  powers  of  governors  of  cities  in  a  state  of 
siege  *  *  *  with  full  and  unlimited  authority  to  detach  from  the 

island  and  to  send  to  the  Peninsula  all  officials  and  persons  employed 
in  whatsoever  capacity,  and  of  whatsoever  rank,  class,  or  condition, 
whose  presence  may  appear  prejudicial,  or  whose  public  or  private 
conduct  may  inspire  you  with  suspicion  *  *  *  and  further  to 

suspend  the  execution  of  any  order  or  general  regulations  issued  in 
whatever  branch  of  the  administration  and  to  whatever  extent  you 
may  consider  convenient  to  the  royal  service,  etc.,  to  see  that  faithful 
21662 - 3 


34 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


servants  of  His  Majesty  be  remembered,  at  the  same  time  punishing 
without  delay  or  hesitation  the  misdeeds  of  those,  etc.'51 

An  army  from  Spain,  intended  for  the  subjugation  of  former  Span¬ 
ish  colonies  in  South  America,  which  wTas  to  have  been  dispatched  from 
Cuba,  was  retained  there,  and  a  military  commission  was  permanently 
organized  to  try  political  offenses  under  the  above  decree  and  the  arti¬ 
cles  of  war. 

Political  agitation  having  taken  the  form  of  revolutionary  demon¬ 
strations,  there  was  a  gradual  separation  on  political  lines  between 
the  Cubans  and  Spaniards,  and  numberless  Cuban  secret  societies  were 
formed  throughout  the  island  for  political  propaganda.  Allied  with 
the  Cubans  were  all  of  the  more  radical,  as  well  as  the  more  moderate 
liberal  members  of  the  community,  while  the  Spanish  party  included 
beneficiaries  of  former  monopolies  and  the  conservative  and  reac¬ 
tionary  elements,  which,  under  the  policy  of  the  Captain-Generals,  had 
crystallized  around  the  officials  of  the  government  and  their  coadjutors 
in  the  church. 

The  political  agitation  continued,  and  in  1826  a  small  uprising  took 
place  in  Puerto  Principe,  directed  by  the  Sociedad  de  la  Cadena,  and 
aimed  against  the  abuses  of  the  regiment  Leon  quartered  there.  The 
same  }Tear  (June  22)  the  Congress  of  American  Republics  assembled 
at  Panama,  to  which  the  President  of  the  United  States  appointed  Mr. 
John  Sergeant,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Mr.  Richard  Anderson,  of  Ken¬ 
tucky,  as  envoys  extraordinary  and  ministers  plenipotentiary.  Mr. 
Anderson  was  United  States  minister  to  Colombia  and  died  en  route 
to  the  congress,  which  had  adjourned  before  Mr.  Sergeant  arrived,  to 
meet  at  Tacabaj^a.  But  it  did  not  meet  again,  and  consequently  the 
United  States  delegates  took  no  part  in  its  deliberations. 

The  objects  of  this  congress,  as  set  forth  in  the  correspondence,  were 
to  urge  the  establishment  of  liberal  principles  of  commercial  inter¬ 
course,  in  peace  and  war,  the  advancement  of  religious  liberty,  and 
the  abolition  of  slavery,  to  discuss  the  relations  of  Havti,  the  affairs 
of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  the  continuation  of  the  war  of  Spain  on  her 
Spanish  colonies,  and  the  Monroe  doctrine,  which  announced  as  a 
principle,  “that  the  United  States  could  not  view  any  interposition 
for  the  purpose  of  oppressing  them  (governments  in  this  hemisphere 
whose  independence  had  been  declared  and  acknowledged  b}T  the  United 
States),  or  controlling  in  any  other  manner  their  destiny,  by  any  Euro¬ 
pean  power  in  any  other  light  than  as  a  manifestation  of  an  unfriendly 
disposition  toward  the  United  States.” 

While  the  United  States  no  doubt  sympathized  with  the  objects  of 
the  congress,  the  debates  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
indicated  a  desire  to  avoid  interference  with  Spain,  a  friendly  nation, 


1  Promulgated  again  in  the  royal  decrees  of  March  21  and  26,  1834. 


HISTORY. 


35 


or  the  slavery  question,  and  that  it  was  not  prudent  to  discuss  ques¬ 
tions  which  might  prove  embarrassing  to  the  United  States  if  called  on 
to  consider  them  at  a  future  time.  As  a  result,  the  American  dele¬ 
gates  were  given  limited  powers,  and  this,  coupled  with  the  conserva¬ 
tive  attitude  of  the  United  States,  resulted  in  the  failure  of  the  congress 
to  achieve  any  result. 

The  year  before  Francisco  Agiiero  and  Manuel  Andres  Sanches,  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Colombian  army,  had  been  sent  from  Cuba  to 
the  United  States  and  to  Colombia  to  urge  their  interference  and  assist¬ 
ance.  An  expedition  was  organized  in  Colombia  to  be  led  by  the 
famous  Colombian  patriot,  Simon  Bolivar,  but  the  failure  of  the 
Panama  congress  caused  the  abandonment  of  the  expedition.  On  the 
return  of  the  emissaries  to  Cuba  they  were  arrested,  tried,  and 
executed. 

Following  this  effort,  in  1830,  a  revolution  was  planned  by  the 
society  of  the  u  Black  Eagle,”  a  Masonic  fraternity  having  its  base  of 
operations  in  Mexico,  with  secondary  bases  in  Habana  and  at  various 
points  throughout  the  island.  The  conspiracy  failed,  and  several  of 
the  conspirators  received  sentence  of  death,  afterwards  commuted  by 
Captain-General  Yives  to  life  imprisonment.  The  object  of  the  con¬ 
spiracy  was  the  independence  of  Cuba,  the  pretext  a  report  that  the 
island  was  to  be  ceded  to  Great  Britain. 

In  1836  the  constitution  of  1812  was  reestablished  in  Spain,  but 
proved  of  no  benefit  to  Cuba.  On  the  contrary,  the  deputies  sent 
from  Cuba  to  the  constitutional  convention  in  Madrid  were  excluded, 
and,  by  a  royal  decree  of  1837,  the  representation  in  the  Cortes  which 
had  been  given  Cuba  in  1831  was  taken  away,  and  it  was  announced 
that  Cuba  would  be  governed  by  special  laws.  These,  the  Cubans 
claim,  were  never  published.  From  this  time  to  1847  several  upris¬ 
ings  or  insurrections  occurred  throughout  Cuba,  followed  in  that  year 
by  a  revolutionary  conspiracy  organized  by  Narciso  Lopez,  and  hav¬ 
ing  in  view  the  liberation  of  the  island  or  its  annexation  to  the  United 
States.  It  had  been  arranged  to  make  the  first  demonstration  on  the 
4th  of  J uly ,  in  the  city  of  Cienf uegos,  but  the  plot  was  made  known 
to  the  Spanish  Governor,  and  Lopez  and  his  companions  fled  to  the 
United  States,  where,  in  1849,  they  organized  a  fillibustering  expe¬ 
dition,  which  was  prevented  from  leaving  by  the  vigilance  of  the 
Government.  In  1850  Lopez  organized  a  second  expedition,  which 
sailed  from  New  Orleans  May  10  and  landed  with  600  men  at  Carde¬ 
nas,  attacking  its  small  garrison.  A  portion  surrendered  with  Gov¬ 
ernor  Ceniti  and  the  remainder  went  over  to  the  insurgents.  As 
the  uprising  upon  which  Lopez  depended  did  not  take  place,  he 
reembarked  the  same  day  and  made  his  escape  to  Key  West. 

Undeterred  by  these  failures,  he  organized  a  third  expedition  of  480 
men  in  1851,  which  sailed  from  New  Orleans  and  landed,  August  12, 


36 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


at  Playitas,  near  Bahia  Honda,  55  miles  west  of  Habana.  Colonel 
Crittenden,  of  Kentucky,  with  150  men  formed  part  of  the  force.  On 
landing  Lopez  advanced  on  Las  Pozas,  leaving  Colonel  Crittenden  in 
El  Morrillo.  Meeting  a  Spanish  force  under  General  Enna,  Lopez 
was  defeated  after  a  gallant  tight,  his  force  dispersed  and  he  with  some 
50  of  his  men  captured  and  taken  to  Habana,  where  he  was  garroted. 
In  attempting  to  escape  by  sea  Crittenden  and  his  party  were  captured 
and  on  the  10th  of  September  were  shot  at  the  castle  of  Atares. 

In  the  same  }Tear  an  uprising  took  place  in  Puerto  Principe,  led  by 
Juaquin  de  Aguero,  but  the  movement  came  to  naught  and  he  and 
several  of  his  companions  were  executed. 

Following  the  attempt  of  Aguero  came  the  conspiracy  of  Vuelta 
Abajo,  organized  in  1852  by  Juan  Gonzalez  Alvara,  a  wealthy  planter 
of  the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio.  Associated  with  him  were  several 
other  prominent  Cubans,  and  among  them  Francisco  deFras,  Count  of 
Pozos  Dulces.  This  attempt  at  revolution  was  discovered  and  the 
leading  conspirators  arrested.  They  were  tried  and  sentenced  to  death, 
but  were  finally  transported  under  sentence  of  life  imprisonment. 

Meantime  the  Liberal  Club  of  Habana  and  the  Cuban  Junta  in  New 
York  were  raising  money  and  organizing  expeditions  destined  for  Cuba. 
Some  of  them  sailed,  and  in  1859  an  attempt  was  made  to  land  at  Nue- 
vas  Grandes.  But  these  expeditions  accomplished  little,  except  to 
keep  alive  the  spirit  of  revolution. 

From  this  time  to  the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  of  1868  the  con¬ 
dition  of  Cuban  affairs  does  not  appear  to  have  improved.  Taxes 
continued  excessive  and  duties  exorbitant,  reaching  at  times  an 
average  of  40  per  cent  ad  valorem  on  all  imports,  and  so  distributed 
as  practically  to  prohibit  trade  with  any  country  except  Spain.  Small 
uprisings  and  insurrections  were  frequent  and  there  were  many  exe¬ 
cutions.  Meanwhile  the  results  of  the  civil  war  in  the  United  States, 
and  more  particularly  the  abolition  of  slavery,  encouraged  the  Cubans 
to  hope  for  liberal  reforms,  especially  in  the  trade  and  industries  of 
the  island,  but  no  concessions  appear  to  have  been  made  until  the  }Tear 
1865,  when,  by  a  royal  decree  of  November  25,  a  commission  was 
appointed  by  Isabella  II  to  consider  the  question  of  reforms  in  the 
administration  of  Cuba.  Nothing  came  of  it,  however,  although  it 
afforded  an  opportunity  to  the  few  Cuban  delegates  who  were  present 
to  formulate  their  views.  They  demanded  greater  political  and  eco¬ 
nomic  liberty,  a  constitutional  insular  government,  freedom  of  the 
press,  the  right  of  petition  and  assembly,  the  privilege  of  holding 
office,  and  representation  in  the  Cortes.  It  would  have  been  well  for 
Spain  had  she  listened  to  these  complaints  and  made  some  effort  to 
satisfy  them,  but  nothing  was  done  and  as  a  result  the  revolution  of 
1868  was  commenced  at  Yara  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 
It  was  ended  by  the  capitulation  of  Zanjon,  February  10,  1878,  and 


HISTORY. 


37 


in  its  more  serious  phases  was  confined  to  the  provinces  of  Santiago 
and  Puerto  Principe.  No  battles  or  serious  engagements  were  fought, 
although  a  guerrilla  warfare  of  great  cruelty  and  intensity  was  carried 
on.  While  the  casualties  of  the  fighting  were  comparatively  few  for 
a  war  of  such  duration,  there  were  many  deaths  from  disease,  exe¬ 
cutions,  and  massacres,  and  the  Spanish  troops  suffered  severely  from 
yellow  fever,  which  prevailed  at  all  times  in  the  sea-coast  cities. 

The  effect  of  the  ten  years’  war  on  the  material  condition  of  Cuba 
can  not  be  stated  with  accuracy.  The  population  had  increased  in  the 
ten  years  previous  at  the  rate  of  17  per  cent  during  the  war,  and  for 
ten  years  after  the  increase  was  but  6  per  cent.  A  large  number  of 
lives  and  a  large  amount  of  property  were  destroyed,  and  an  enormous 
debt  was  incurred,  while  taxes  of  all  kinds  increased  threefold.  The 
war  is  said  to  have  cost  the  contestants  $300,000,000,  which  was  charged 
to  the  debt  of  Cuba. 

By  the  capitulation  of  Zanjon  1  Spain  agreed  to  redress  the  griev¬ 
ances  of  Cuba  by  giving  greater  civil,  political,  and  administrative 
privileges  to  the  people, 2  with  forgetfulness  of  the  past  and  amnesty 
for  all  then  under  sentence  for  political  offenses.  It  has  been  claimed 
by  Cubans  that  these  promises  were  never  fulfilled,  and  this  and  the 
failure  of  the  Cortes  to  pass  the  bill  reforming  the  government  of 
Cuba,  introduced  in  1891  by  Senor  Maura,  minister  for  the  colonies, 
are  generally  given  as  the  causes  of  the  last  rebellion.  On  the  other 
hand,  Spain  has  always  insisted  that  every  promise  was  observed,  and 
that  even  more  was  granted  than  was  asked  for  or  stipulated  in  the 
articles  of  capitulation.  Thus,  by  the  decree  of  March  1,  1878,  Cuba 
and  Porto  Pico  were  given  representation  in  the  Spanish  Cortes,  upon 
the  basis  of  their  respective  populations,  and  the  provincial  and  munic¬ 
ipal  laws  of  1877  promulgated  in  Spain  were  made  applicable  to  Cuba. 
By  proclamation  of  March  21,  1878,  full  amnesty  was  given  to  all, 
even  to  Spanish  deserters  who  had  served  in  the  insurgent  army;  on 
May  23, 1879,  the  penal  code  of  Spain  and  the  rules  for  its  application 
were  given  effect  in  Cuba;  on  April  7,  1881,  the  Spanish  constitution, 
full  and  unrestricted,  as  in  force  in  Spain,  was  extended  to  Cuba  by 
law;  in  1885  the  Spanish  law  of  civil  procedure  was  given  to  Cuba,  and 
on  July  31,  1889,  the  Spanish  civil  code,  promulgated  in  1888,  was  put 
in  operation  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 

After  examining  all  the  evidence,  however,  the  student  of  Cuban 
history  will  probably  conclude  that  while  the  Spanish  Government  was 
technically  correct  in  claiming  to  have  enacted  all  laws  necessary  to 
make  good  her  promises,  there  was  a  failure  usually  to  execute  them, 
and  that,  as  a  matter  >of  fact,  political  conditions  in  Cuba  remained 


1  Sometimes  referred  to  as  the  “Treaty”  or  “Compromise”  of  Zanjon. 

2  Same  as  people  of  Porto  Rico. 


38 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


practically  as  before  the  war,  although  very  much  improved  on  the 
surface. 1 

A  serious  permanent  fall  in  the  price  of  sugar  in  1884  and  the  linal 
abolition  of  slavery  in  1887  added  to  the  economic  troubles  of  the 
people,  and  in  conjunction  with  continued  political  oppression,  kept 
alive  the  feelings  which  had  brought  on  the  war.  The  Cubans  believed 
that  notwithstanding  the  capitulation  of  Zanjon  they  were  still  mere 
hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water,  with  but  little  voice  in  the 
government  of  the  island,  and  that  Spain  was  the  chief  beneficiary 
of  its  wealth.  And  such  would  appear  to  have  been  the  fact  if  the 
following  figures,  taken  from  official  sources,  can  be  relied  upon: 
From  1893  to  1898  the  revenues  of  Cuba,  under  excessive  taxation, 
high  duties,  and  the  Habana  lottery,  averaged  about  $25,000,000  per 
annum,  although  very  much  larger  in  previous  years,2  depending  on 
the  financial  exigencies  of  the  Spanish  Government.  Of  this  amount 
$10,500,000  went  to  Spain  to  pay  the  interest  on  the  Cuban  debt, 
$12,000,000  were  allotted  for  the  support  of  the  Spanish-Cuban  army 
and  navy  and  the  maintenance  of  the  Cuban  government  in  all  its 
branches,  including  the  church,  and  the  remainder,  less  than  $2,500,000, 
was  allowed  for  public  works,  education,  and  the  general  improvement 
of  Cuba,  independent  of  municipal  expenditures.  As  the  amounts 
appropriated  annually  in  the  Cuban  budget  were  not  sufficient  to  cover 
the  expenditure's  and  there  was  a  failure  to  collect  the  taxes,  deficits 
were  inevitable.  These  were  charged  to  the  Cuban  debt,  until,  by 
1897,  through  this  and  other  causes,  it  aggregated  about  $100,000,000, 
or  an  amount  per  capita  of  $283.51 — more  than  three  times  as  large  as 
the  per  capita  debt  of  Spain  and  much  larger  than  the  per  capita  debt 
of  any  other  European  country. 

Under  such  perverted  economic  management  it  is  not  surprising 
that  another  rebellion  was  planned,  and  that  the  war  of  1895-1898 
followed. 

The  United  States  had  always  shown  a  friendly  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  Cuba,  and  the  question  of  its  annexation  had  been  discussed  as  far 
back  as  1825,  when  Mr.  John  Quincy  Adams  was  President,  partly,  it 
is  said,  to  prevent  the  island  from  passing  under  the  control  of  any 
other  nation,  in  violation  of  the  Monroe  doctrine,  and  partly  for  the 
purpose  of  extending  the  slave  territory  of  the  United  States.  To 
this  end  a  popular  movement  was  started  in  the  Southern  States  dur¬ 
ing  the  Mexican  war  (1816).  Two  years  later  (1818)  President  Polk 
made  propositions  to  the  Spanish  Government,  through  the  American 
minister  in  Madrid,  having  in  view  the  purchase  of  the  island. 

1  It  was  the  interpretation  and  execution  of  the  laws  bv  Governors  having  but  little 
sympathy  with  the  natives  rather  than  the  laws  themselves  that  caused  most  of  the 
trouble  in  Cuba. 

2  In  1860,  $29,610,779;  1880,  $40,000,000;  1882,  $.‘15,860,246.77.  Cuba  was  expected 
to  contribute  whatever  was  demanded. 


HISTORY. 


39 


Again,  in  1854,  the  strained  relations  between  Spain  and  the  United 
States,  growing  out  of  the  detention  of  the  American  steamer  Black 
Warriw'  in  the  harbor  of  Habana,  charged  with  violating  the  customs 
regulations,  and  the  search  of  several  American  vessels  by  Spanish 
cruisers  elicited  the  “  Ostend  Manifesto,”  drawn  up  by  the  American 
ministers  to  England,  France,  and  Spain,  in  which  it  was  declared 
“that  the  possession  of  Cuba  by  a  foreign  power  was  a  menace  to  the 
peace  of  the  United  States,  and  that  Spain  be  offered  the  alternative  of 
taking  $200,000,000  for  her  sovereignty  over  the  island  or  having  it 
taken  from  her  by  force.”  Finally,  during  the  ten  years’  war,  Presi¬ 
dent  Grant,  while  expressing  his  belief  to  the  Spanish  Government 
that  only  independence  and  emancipation  could  settle  the  Cuban  ques¬ 
tion  and  that  intervention  might  be  necessary  to  end  the  war,  repeat¬ 
edly  proffered  the  good  offices  of  the  United  States  in  reestablishing 
peace.  Meanwhile,  in  1873,  the  capture  of  the  Virginius  and  the 
tragic  execution  of  53  of  her  passengers  and  crew  in  the  city  of  San¬ 
tiago  de  Cuba  by  order  of  the  Spanish  commander  came  near  to  involv¬ 
ing  the  countries  in  war,  happily  avoided  by  diplomatic  action.  1 

As  the  rebellion  of  1895  proceeded,  much  sympathy  was  felt  for  the 
Cubans  by  the  people  of  the  United  States,  which  being  reflected  in 
Congress  resulted  in  a  concurrent  resolution  of  strict  neutrality,  but 
coupled  with  a  declaration  that  the  United  States  should  proffer  its 
good  offices  to  Spain,  through  President  Cleveland,  with  a  view  of 
ending  the  war  and  securing  the  independence  of  the  island;  but 
nothing  came  of  it.  As  the  war  continued  it  excited  much  interest  in 
the  United  States,  and,  in  1896,  both  Republican  and  Democratic 
national  conventions  passed  resolutions  of  sympathy  for  the  Cubans 
and  demanded  that  the  Government  take  action. 

Although  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  in  the  Senate  of  the 
Fifty-fourth  Congress  reported  a  resolution,  December  21,  1896, 
recognizing  the  republic  of  Cuba,  it  was  never  taken  from  the  calen¬ 
dar.  Meanwhile  reports  of  outrages  and  indignities  to  American 
citizens  in  Cuba  and  of  the  dreadful  effects  of  reconcentration  were  fre¬ 
quently  communicated  to  the  Government  or  published  in  the  press. 

In  May,  1897,  Congress  appropriated  $50,000  for  the  purchase  of 
supplies  for  the  reconcentrados ,2  as  it  was  reported  that  many  of  them 
were,  or  claimed  to  be,  American  citizens.  The  supplies  were  sent 
under  permission  of  Spain,  and  were  distributed  to  the  reconcentrados , 

1  The  records  of  the  State  Department  show  conclusively  that,  notwithstanding 
serious  provocations,  the  United  States  up  to  the  time  of  the  recent  war  had  always 
observed  strict  neutrality  toward  Spain  in  dealing  with  Cuba,  and  had  always  stood 
ready  to  recognize  her  control  over  the  island.  Nor  were  the  Cubans  ever  encour¬ 
aged  by  the  President  to  believe  that  either  belligerency  or  independence  would 
receive  acknowledgment. 

'l  Reconcentrados,  or,  as  they  were  called,  “  Pacificos,”  were  the  country  people  (small 
farmers),  who  sympathized  with  the  insurgents  and  gave  them  such  assistance  as  they 
could.  The  proclamation  of  Captain-General  AVeyler,  issued  in  1896,  required  them  to 
abandon  their  homes  and  property  of  every  kind  and  move  into  the  nearest  towns, 
where  many  of  them  died  of  starvation  and  disease.  Their  homes  were  destroyed 


40 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


whether  Americans  or  not,  and  soon  after  the  revocation  of  the  edict 
of  reconcentration  and  the  recall  of  Captain-General  Weyler  were 
requested  by  the  United  States.  While  these  requests  were  favorably 
received  by  Spain,  it  was  very  evident  that  little  was  being  done,  and  as 
the  war  continued  apparently  on  the  same  lines,  it  was  thought  advisable 
to  send  a  man-of-war  to  Habana  for  the  protection  of  American  citizens. 
The  battle  ship  Maine  was  selected  for  this  duty,  and  sailed  in  January, 
and  soon  after  the  Spanish  cruiser  Viscaya  was  ordered  to  visit  New 
York,  as  evidence  of  existing  friendly  relations.  On  the  night  of 
February  15  the  Maine  was  blown  up  and  2  officers  and  264  sailors 
lost  their  lives.  Spanish  officials  at  once  insisted  that  the  explosion 
was  due  to  an  accident  caused  b}T  carelessness  and  lack  of  discipline. 
A  board  of  naval  officers  was  convened  by  the  President  to  examine 
into  the  circumstances,  and  after  a  careful  investigation,  extending 
over  a  month,  reported  that  the  ship  had  been  blown  up  from  the  out¬ 
side.  A  contrary  report  was  the  result  of  a  Spanish  investigation. 
The  report  of  the  naval  board  was  laid  before  Congress  by  the  Presi¬ 
dent,  who  meanwhile  had  used  every  effort  to  avoid  war  by  diplomatic 
action. 

Early  in  April  it  became  known  that  Spain  had  proposed  to  the 
insurgents  a  suspension  of  hostilities,  to  be  followed  by  a  capitulation, 
and  had  appropriated  $600,000  for  the  relief  of  the  reconcentrados ,  but 
that  the  proposal  had  been  rejected  by  the  insurgent  leaders.  As  it 
was  evident  from  this  that  the  war  would  continue,  the  President  sent  a 
message  to  Congress  on  April  11,  requesting  authority  to  end  the  war 
and  to  secure  in  Cuba  the  establishment  of  a  stable  government  capa¬ 
ble  of  maintaining  order  and  observing  its  international  obligations. 
On  April  19  Congress  passed  joint  resolutions,  which,  after  reciting 
the  conditions  existing  in  Cuba,  demanded  the  withdrawal  of  Spain 
from  the  island,  and  empowered  the  President  to  use  the  military  and 
naval  forces  of  the  United  States  to  carry  the  resolutions  into  effect. 

This  was  practically  a  declaration  of  war,  and,  on  April  23,  the 
President  issued  a  proclamation  calling  for  125,000  volunteers,  which 
number  was  subsequently  increased  to  200,000,  and  the  Regular  Army 
to  60,000  men.  By  a  formal  declaration  of  April  30,  Congress 
announced  that  war  had  existed  since  April  21. 

On  April  24  Commodore  Dewey,  commanding  the  Asiatic  Squadron, 
was  notified  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  that  war  with  Spain  had 
begun,  and  to  proceed  to  the  Philippine  Islands  and  capture  or 
destroy  the  Spanish  fleet.  On  Apr!  27  he  sailed  from  Hongkong  in 
the  execution  of  this  order,  and  on  the  afternoon  of  April  30  arrived 
at  the  entrance  of  Manila  Bay,  where,  on  the  following  da}r,  he  cap¬ 
tured  or  destroyed  all  the  vessels  of  the  Spanish  fleet. 

On  June  14  an  American  army,  numbering  15,000  men,  under  com¬ 
mand  of  Gen.  W.  R.  Shafter,  sailed  from  Port  Tampa,  Fla.,  for 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  where  it  arrived  on  the  morning  of  June  20,  and 


THE  SURRENDER  TREE  NEAR  SAN  JUAN  HILL. 


HISTORY. 


41 


on  July  1  and  2  the  battle  of  San  Juan  took  place,  resulting  in  the 
defeat  of  the  Spanish  troops  and  the  investment  of  Santiago.1  On  the 
morning  of  July  3,  the  Spanish  fleet,  under  Admiral  Cervera,  attempted 
to  escape  from  the  harbor,  but  was  intercepted  by  the  American  fleet 
under  Capt.  William  T.  Sampson  and  totally  destroyed.  On  Juty  16, 
articles  of  capitulation  were  signed  at  Santiago  de  Cuba,  followed  by 
the  formal  surrender  of  the  Spanish  forces  in  the  eastern  district  of 
Santiago  on  July  17. 

On  August  12  a  protocol  provided  for  a  cessation  of  hostilities,  and 
on  December  10  a  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States  and  Spain 
was  signed  at  Paris.  It  was  ratified  by  the  President  February  6, 
1899,  and  by  the  Queen  Regent  of  Spain  March  19,  and  proclaimed  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  April  11,  thus  ending  the  last  act  in  the  drama. 

Cuba  was  to  be  free  at  last  on  the  single  condition  that  u  she  estab¬ 
lish  a  stable  government  capable  of  maintaining  order  and  observing 
international  obligations.”  With  this  question  she  is  to  deal  presently. 

While  the  ten  years’  war  was  not  without  disastrous  effects  on  the 
economic  development  of  Cuba,  they  were  trifling  as  compared  with 
the  war  of  1895-1898,  which  resulted  in  a  large  decrease  of  population 
and  of  the  wealth-producing  power  of  the  country.  It  may  be  said 
in  general,  on  a  conservative  estimate,  that  the  population  of  the  island 
decreased  12  per  cent  and  its  wealth  two-thirds. 

As  an  indication  of  the  financial  stress  prevailing  in  the  island,  the 
ratio  of  mortgage  indebtedness  to  the  value  of  real  property,  as 
assessed  by  the  Spanish  Government,  is  interesting.  The  mortgages 
and  censos  are  from  the  reports  of  the  registers  of  property  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  island  for  January,  1900,  and  are  shown  in  the  fol¬ 
lowing  tables: 

RURAL  REAL  ESTATE. 


Province. 

Value  of  prop¬ 
erty. 

Amount  of  mort¬ 
gage  indebted¬ 
ness. 

Amount  of  quit 
rents  (censos). 

Habana . .• _ 

$44, 140, 610. 00 
45, 594, 977. 40 
28, 982,  950. 50 
3, 466, 736. 90 
41,838,395. 00 
20, 701,166. 20 

$18,  797, 063. 00 
35, 754,485.  38 
8, 080, 998. 31 

2, 706, 196. 52 
37,422,559.  71 
4,135, 946.40 

$7, 037, 047. 42 
9,178,964.43 
4, 833, 793.  36 
984,795.10 
3, 445, 936.  78 
188, 915. 72 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

Total . 

184, 724, 836.  00 

i  106, 897, 249.  32 

2  25, 679, 452. 81 

1  58  per  cent,  approximate.  2  14  per  cent,  approximate. 


CITY  REAL  ESTATE. 


Habana . 

$84, 804,  500. 00 
17,704,963.50 
3, 278. 733. 80 
2, 428, 446.  00 
19, 761,472.30 
10, 938, 944. 10 

$89, 522, 541.  96 
4, 685, 557. 49 
640, 609. 89 
461,078.83 
3,965,725. 35 
1,454,449. 99 

$11,900, 842.  61 
1,264,729.11 
286, 744. 55 
388, 335. 40 
497, 992. 04 
270, 206.  77 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

Total . 

138,917,059.  70 

1  100, 729, 943. 51 

2  14, 608, 850. 48 

1  79  per  cent,  approximate.  2  10  per  cent,  approximate. 


1This  included  the  operations  of  Lawton  at  El  Caney,  July  1. 


42 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


It  should  not  be  forgotten  in  discussing  these  ratios  that  there  has 
been  no  valuation  of  real  property  since  American  occupation,  and  that 
the  values  given  are  those  made  by  Spanish  officers  some  time  prior 
thereto. 

The  actual  value  of  real  estate,  especially  of  city  property,  is  much 
greater  than  is  given  in  the  tables.  It  is  probable  that  the  amount  of 
encumbrances  is  also  greater  than  has  been  stated.  It  is  quite  certain 
that  had  the  war  continued  under  the  same  conditions  for  another  year, 
nearly  the  entire  rural  population  of  the  central  and  western  provinces 
would  have  been  destroyed,  as  also  their  agricultural  wealth.  There¬ 
fore  American  interference  did  not  come  too  soon,  and  the  Cubans 
have  every  reason  to  be  thankful  that  the  declaration  of  President 
McKinley  made  to  Congress  April  11,  1898,  “that  the  war  in  Cuba 
must  stop,*’  was  not  made  in  vain. 

Prominent  among  the  causes  tending  to  retard  the  material  prosper¬ 
ity  of  Cuba  has  been  the  lack  of  educational  interest  and  facilities. 
For  nearly  three  hundred  years  there  were  practically  no  schools  in 
the  island. 

A  history  of  education  in  Cuba  is  presented  elsewhere  in  this  report 
as  an  introduction  to  the  analysis  of  the  tables  of  education.  It  is  suf¬ 
ficient  in  this  connection  to  sa}^  that  prior  to  1842  there  were  no  pub¬ 
lic  schools  in  Cuba.  In  that  year,  largely  through  the  efforts  of  the 
Sociedad  Economica  de  Habana  and  of  other  patriotic  residents  of  the 
island,  provision  was  made  by  the  Spanish  Government  for  public 
schools.  But  if  any  reliance  can  be  placed  in  the  following  figures,  they 
did  very  little  toward  educating  the  masses. 

By  the  census  of  18G1  there  were  793,484  white  people  in  Cuba, 
of  whom  552,027,  or  70  per  cent,  could  not  read,  and  of  the  603,046 
colored  persons,  576,266,  or  95  per  cent,  could  not  read. 

By  the  census  of  1887  there  were  1,102,889  whites,  of  whom  715,575, 
or  64  per  cent,  could  not  read,  and  of  the  528,798  colored,  463,782,  or 
87  per  cent,  could  not  read.  No  statistics  of  the  degree  of  literacy  in 
the  island  in  1842,  when  the  public-school  system  was  commenced,  are 
available,  but  the  state  of  education  nearly  fifty  years  after  affords  some 
idea  of  the  sufficiency  of  the  schools  and  of  their  influence  in  eradicating 
a  potent  cause  of  stagnation.  An  increase  of  6  per  cent  in  literacy  of  the 
white  population  in  twenty-six  years  indicates  either  that  very  little 
importance  was  attached  to  public  education  as  a  means  of  general 
improvement,  or  that  no  such  improvement  was  expected. 

From  the  contemplation  of  this  picture  of  prolonged  misrule,  we 
turn  in  closing  to  a  few  incidents  in  the  history  of  Cuba  from  which 
she  derived  substantial  and  lasting  benefit.  First  in  chronological 
order  was  the  invasion  and  occupation  of  the  island  by  the  British  in 
1762,  assisted  b}T  troops  from  the  Anglo-American  colonies.  Habana 
was  surrendered  August  13,  after  a  two  months’  siege.  The  English 


GOVERNMENT. 


43 


held  the  country  as  far  east  as  Matanzas  until  the  following  spring, 
when,  by  the  treaty  of  Paris  (February,  1763),  which  ended  the  war 
between  England,  France,  and  Spain,  Cuba  was  ceded  back  to  Spain  in 
exchange  for  Florida.  Up  to  this  time  Habana  had  been  the  only  port 
of  entry  since  it  became  the  capital  in  1558,  and  even  trade  with 
Habana  was  confined  strictly  to  Seville  and  Cadiz.  The  English  opened 
this  port  at  once  to  foreign  and  domestic  commerce,  thus  removing  at 
a  stroke  all  the  restrictions  which  had  fettered  it,  and,  although  the 
English  occupation  lasted  but  six  months,  the  benefit  to  Cuba  was  per¬ 
manent,  as  after  the  recession  of  the  island  to  Spain  it  was  found 
impracticable  to  reestablish  former  trade  restrictions  entirely.  The 
cession  of  Florida  to  England  caused  the  migration  of  a  large  number 
of  Spaniards  from  Florida  to  Cuba. 

The  next  event,  in  point  of  time,  which,  however  unfortunate  for 
Spain,  proved  of  great  benefit  to  Cuba,  was  the  revolution  in  the 
neighboring  island  of  Haiti,  the  cession  of  that  island  to  France 
in  1795,  and  the  race  war  between  the  whites  and  negroes  which 
followed,  and  which  was  continued  at  intervals  for  ten  years. 
Thousands  of  French  and  Spanish  settlers  fled  or  emigrated  to  Cuba, 
where  they  located,  chiefly  in  the  provinces  of  Santiago  and  Puerto 
Principe,  introducing  the  cultivation  of  coffee  and  adding  materially 
to  the  wealth  and  agricultural  prosperity  of  the  island. 

Similarly,  the  cession  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States  in  1803  and 
of  Florida  in  1819  and  the  revolution  of  the  Spanish  South  American 
colonies  and  of  Mexico  caused  a  notable  increase  in  the  population  of 
Cuba,  to  which  many  loyal  Spaniards  emigrated  or  fled  for  refuge. 

In  truth,  the  loyalty  of  Spaniards  to  their  Government  and  its  insti¬ 
tutions,  their  patriotic  devotion  to  their  country,  their  steadfast  cour¬ 
age,  and  their  patient  endurance  through  many  trials  and  provocations 
are  among  the  traits  which  contributed  to  the  remarkable  ascendency 
of  Spain  and  her  former  dominion  over  more  than  half  the  known  earth. 
Yet,  combined  with  these  characteristics,  was  the  leaven  of  personal  lib¬ 
erty  and  a  love  of  political  freedom  born  of  ancient  privileges,  and  for 
which  they  have  e\er  contended.  These  qualities,  under  the  influences 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  were  destined  to  establish  republics  even 
as  in  past  centuries  they  had  founded  empires. 

GOVERNMENT. 

The  government  of  all  Spanish  colonies  was  conducted  on  the  the¬ 
ory  that  newly  discovered  territory  belonged  to  the  Crown  rather  than 
to  the  Government  and  that  all  political  control  was  vested  in  the  King, 
who  appointed  all  the  Viceroys,  Captain-Generals,  and  Governors. 

When  Cuba  was  colonized  by  Velasquez  this  control  was  mainly 
exercised  through  the  Council  of  the  Indies.  The  Cortes  of  Castile 
was  seldom  called  except  to  vote  funds  or  supplies  for  the  King,  and 


44 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


every  branch  of  colonial  administration,  civil  as  well  as  military,  was 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Council,  which  appointed  all  officials  not 
appointed  by  the  King.  Thus  all  government  control  centered  in  the 
Council  and  the  King,  and  local  self-government,  which  was  developed 
at  an  early  stage  in  the  English  colonies,  became  practically  impossi¬ 
ble  in  the  Spanish  colonies,  no  matter  to  what  extent  it  may  have 
existed  in  theory. 

Coupled  Avith  secular  control,  as  an  important  part  of  the  plan  of 
colonization,  was  that  of  the  church,  and  in  every  colonial  expedition 
there  were  abbots,  bishops,  priests,  friars,  or  monks,  Avho,  while  they 
were  largely  interested  in  the  material  prosperity  of  their  order  by  the 
acquisition  of  land,  the  erection  of  churches,  monasteries,  and  comments, 
de\Toted  themselves  zealously  to  the  conversion  of  the  natives  and  pro¬ 
tected  them  as  far  as  possible  against  the  cruelty  and  rapacity  of  the 
invaders.  On  the  other  hand,  it  must  be  conceded  that  while  in  the 
early  history  of  the  island  its  purposes  were  ostensibly  benevolent,  the 
Spanish  Church  has  persistently  and  rigorously  opposed  freedom  of 
conscience,  the  spread  of  public  education,  and  eATery  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  Cubans  to  establish  self-government.  By  the  year  1857  the 
property  of  the  church  in  the  island  amounted  to  about  $7,152,685, 
and  the  adjustment  of  church  claims  is  iioav  one  of  the  most  difficult 
questions  before  the  insular  government. 

The  plan  of  Spanish  colonization  in  America,  as  well  as  the  laws 
governing  the  colonies,  was  essentially  Roman  in  origin.  Up  to  the 
year  1621  the  laws  of  Spain  applied  equally  to  all  her  colonies,  but 
thereafter  they  did  not  unless  declared  to  do  so  by  the  council  of  the 
Indies. 

Special  regulations,  decrees,  etc.,  modifying  the  application  of  the 
laws  to  the  colonies  or  promulgating  neAV  laws  were  frequent,  and 
their  compilation  in  1680  Avas  published  as  the  “Law  of  the  Indies.” 
This  and  the  “  Siete  Partidas ,”  on  Avhich  they  Avere  largely  based, 
comprised  the  code  under  which  the  Spanish  American  colonies  Avere 
governed. 

All  the  colonies  AA^ere  founded  practically  on  the  same  plan.  This 
included  the  presidio ,  or  military  headquarters,  the  pueblo,  or  town, 
and  the  mission  for  the  conversion  and  education  of  the  Indians,  usu¬ 
ally  located  at  some  distance  apart  from  the  other  tAvo.  The  land  set 
aside  for  th z  pueblo  was  laid  out  in  the  form  of  a  square  or  rectangle. 
The  p,lazai  °r  public  square,  antis  then  laid  out  near  the  central  point, 
and  after  that  the  streets  of  the  town,  dividing  it  into  blocks.  The 
public  buildings  and  church  Avere  erected  around  the  plaza ,  facing  it, 
the  remaining  space  being  occupied  with  dwellings.  This  is  the  plan 
of  all  the  oldest  cities  and  towns  of  Cuba.  To  the  military  garrison 
AATas  intrusted  the  protection  of  the  pueblo  and  mission  and  the  con¬ 
duct  of  all  expeditions  for  any  purpose. 


CITY  OF  HABANA. 


GOVERNMENT. 


45 


After  establishing  the  municipality  the  next  step  was  the  exploration 
and  pacification  of  the  country,  and  after  that  the  disposition  of  the 
spoils  captured,  including  the  land  and  natives.  These  were  usually 
divided  among  the  Spanish  followers  of  the  military  commander,  one- 
fifth  of  all  gold,  silver,  and  Indians  being  turned  over  to  the  revenue 
officers  of  the  Crown. 

As  in  the  mother  country,  the  colonial  municipality  was  the  local 
political  unit,  and  its  government  was  vested  in  an  ayuntamiento ,  or 
municipal  council,  consisting  of  mayors  {alcaldes)  and  councilors  {regi- 
dores).  There  was  also  an  alguacil ,  or  sheriff,  and  in  the  large  towns  a 
procurador  syndico ,  or  city  attorney.  The  alcaldes  acted  as  judges  and 
conducted  trials. 

In  the  early  history  of  Spanish  municipalities  they  were,  to  a  limited 
extent,  self-governing,  electing  the  mayors  and  councilors.  With  the 
extension  of  the  royal  authority  following  the  union  of  the  Spanish 
provinces  the  control  of  these  offices  was  gradually  assumed  by  the 
Crown  and  they  were  filled  by  nomination  or  appointment,  being  sold 
to  the  highest  bidder,  and  often  made  hereditary.  With  the  return  of 
more  liberal  government  this  practice  was  discontinued,  and  finally  they 
again  became  elective.  This  was  the  experience  of  Cuban  municipali¬ 
ties.  Not  all  the  councilors  were  selected  in  this  way,  however,  as 
some  were  elected.  For  such  elections  a  royal  decree  of  1558  con¬ 
ferred  the  elective  franchise  on  the  forty  largest  taxpayers  and  on 
those  who  had  academic  or  university  degrees.  The  alcaldes  were 
appointed  by  the  Governor-General  from  the  members  of  the  council. 
This  plan  of  government  continued  with  slight  variations  until  1812, 
when  it  was  modified,  but  was  reestablished  in  1814. 

In  1859  each  municipality  was  given  a  council  consisting  of  1  mayor, 
1  syndic ,  and  6  aldermen,  if  the  population  was  5,000,  and  2  deputy 
mayors  and  10  aldermen  if  the  population  was  10,000.  Exception 
was  made  of  Habana,  which  was  given  7  deputy  mayors,  4  syndics , 
and  16  aldermen.  All  councilors,  except  those  appointed  for  life,  were 
elected  in  each  municipality  by  the  largest  taxpayers,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Governor-General,  the  number  of  electors  being  twice 
or  thrice  as  many  as  the  number  of  councilors  to  be  elected,  according 
as  the  population  was  less  than  or  exceeded  10,000.  The  elections 
were  held  annually,  and  the  Cubans  claim  that  under  this  system  the 
offices  were  generally  filled  by  Spaniards,  although  they  did  not  com¬ 
prise  one-fifth  of  the  white  population. 

By  the  electoral  law  of  August  20, 1870,  amended  by  that  of  Decem¬ 
ber  16, 1875,  the  elective  franchise  was  conferred  on  the  heads  of  fam¬ 
ilies  actually  engaged  in  some  profession  or  trade,  who  had  resided  in 
the  district  for  two  }rears  at  least,  and  who  paid  a  tax  of  5  pesos  on 
their  own  property  one  year  before  the  formation  of  the  electoral  list, 
or  who  were  civil  employees  of  the  state,  the  province,  or  municipal- 


46 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


ity,  in  active  service,  or  retired  or  pensioned  from  the  army  or  navy, 
and  all  adults  who  had  resided  in  the  district  two  years  who  could  fur¬ 
nish  proof  of  their  professional  or  academic  education  b}^  means  of 
an  official  certificate.  Other  electoral  laws,  orders,  and  decrees  regu¬ 
lating  the  elective  franchise  have  been  promulgated  since  the  law  of 
1875.  Property  education  and  tax  tests  were  always  qualifications  of 
both  provincial  and  municipal  electors  until  1897,  when  universal  suf¬ 
frage  in  municipal  elections  onl}T  was  granted. 

Very  little  authority,  especiall}r  in  fiscal  affairs,  was  conferred  on 
the  municipal  councils,  the  members  of  which  performed  a  variet}r  of 
duties,  and  their  existence  as  well  as  their  acts  were  absolutely  under 
the  control  of  the  Governor-General. 

B}t  a  royal  decree  of  1878,  the  organic  municipal  and  provincial  laws 
of  the  peninsula,  somewhat  modified,  were  extended  provisionally  to 
Cuba.  By  these  laws  a  municipality  is  defined  to  be  the  legal  asso¬ 
ciation  of  all  persons  who  reside  in  a  municipal  district,  and  is  to  be 
represented  by  a  municipal  council  as  a  financial  administrative  corpo¬ 
ration.  A  municipal  district  is  the  territory  under  the  administra¬ 
tion  of  a  municipal  council.  Municipal  districts  are  established, 
increased,  diminished,  annexed  to  other  municipal  districts,  wholly  or 
in  part,  or  abolished,  by  the  Military  Governor  as  the  lawful  suc¬ 
cessor  of  the  Governor-General.  They  correspond  in  a  measure  to 
American  counties  or  townships,  and  as  prerequisites  to  their  estab¬ 
lishment  must  contain  not  less  than  2,000  inhabitants,  a  territory  pro¬ 
portioned  in  extent  to  the  population,  and  be  able  to  meet  the  obligatory 
municipal  expenses. 

Municipal  districts  differ  in  area,  and  each  forms  part  of  a  judicial 
district  and  of  a  province,  but  can  not  belong  to  different  jurisdictions 
of  the  same  order.  There  are  6  provinces,  31  judicial  districts,  and 
132  municipal  districts  in  the  island. 

To  facilitate  the  administrative  service,  each  municipal  district  is 
divided  into  subdistricts  and  the  latter  into  wards  (barrios),  depending 
on  the  number  of  residents  in  the  subdistricts.  For  political  purposes 
the  subdistricts  are  further  divided  into  electoral  districts  and  the 
latter  into  electoral  sections. 

As  far  as  practicable,  ward  limits  are  arranged  so  that  the  wards 
shall  have  approximately  the  same  population;  but  every  part  of  the 
municipal  district  must  form,  or  be  included  in,  a  ward,  no  matter 
what  its  population  may  be. 

Thus  the  province  of  Matanzas  has  24  municipal  districts  and  128 
wards,  so  that  the  entire  province  is  embraced  within  district  and  ward 
lines.  The  seat  of  municipal  government  is  the  principal  town  or  city 
in  the  district  where  the  enumeration  of  the  subdistricts  and  wards 
begins. 

Each  municipal  district  has  a  municipal  council  and  a  municipal 


CITY  OF  MATANZAS 


- 


GOVERNMENT. 


47 


board.  The  council  governs  the  district,  subject  to  the  supervision  of 
the  governor  of  the  province  and  Military  Governor  of  the  island,  and 
is  composed  of  a  mayor,  a  certain  number  of  deputy  mayors,  and 
aldermen  taken  from  the  members  of  the  council.1 

The  census  of  the  population  determines  the  number  of  councilors 
to  which  each  municipal  district  is  entitled,  as  follows:  Up  to  500 
inhabitants,  five;  500  to  800,  six;  800  to  1,000,  seven;  between  1,000 
and  10,000,  one  additional  councilor  for  every  additional  1,000  people; 
and  between  10,000  and  20,000,  one  for  every  additional  2,000  people. 
For  more  than  20,000,  one  for  every  additional  2,000  inhabitants  until 
the  municipal  council  has  the  maximum  number  of  30  councilors. 

The  number  of  deputy  mayors  is  determined  on  the  same  principle. 
Municipal  districts  of  less  than  800  inhabitants  have  no  deputy  may¬ 
ors;  between  800  and  1,000,  one;  1,000  to  6,000,  two;  6,000  to  10,000, 
three;  10,000  to  18,000,  four;  18,000  or  more,  five.  Up  to  800  inhab¬ 
itants  there  is  but  one  subdistrict,  and  between  800  and  1,000  two,  but 
thereafter  the  number  of  subdistricts  corresponds  to  the  number  of 
deputy  mayors.  Each  deputy  mayor  is  in  charge  of  a  subdistrict  as 
the  representative  of  the  mayor,  discharging  such  administrative  duties 
as  he  may  direct,  but  having  no  independent  functions. 

Up  to  3,000  inhabitants  there  is  but  one  electoral  district;  between 
3,000  and  6,000,  three;  6,000  to  10,000,  four;  10,000  to  18,000,  five; 
18,000  or  more,  six. 

The  councilors  are  elected  from  the  municipality  at  large  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  district,  one-half  being  renewed  every  two 
years,  the  councilors  longest  in  service  going  out  at  each  renewal. 
They  are  eligible  for  reelection.  The  regular  elections  are  held  in  the 
first  two  weeks  in  May,  but  partial  elections  are  held  when,  at  least 
six  months  before  the  regular  election,  vacancies  occur  which  amount 
to  a  third  of  the  total  number  of  councilors.  If  they  occur  after  this 
period  they  are  filled  by  the  governor  of  the  province  from  among 
former  members  of  the  council. 

All  male  citizens  over  25  years  of  age  who  enjoy  their  full  civil 
rights,  and  have  lived  at  least  two  years  in  the  municipality,  are  enti¬ 
tled  to  vote,  provided  they  are  not  disqualified  by  sentence  for  certain 
criminal  offenses,  bankruptcy  or  insolvency,  or  are  not  delinquent  tax¬ 
payers  or  paupers. 

The  mayors  and  deputy  mayors  are  appointed  by  the  Military  Gov¬ 
ernor  from  among  the  councilors  on  the  recommendation  of  the  coun¬ 
cil.  But  while  under  the  law  the  deputy  mayors  must  be  selected 
from  the  council,  the  Military  Governor  may  appoint  any  person  as 
mayor,  whether  he  belongs  to  the  municipality  or  not. 

In  each  ward  there  is  also  an  alcalde  de  barrio  or  ward  mayor.  He 


1  This  law  was  in  force  when  the  census  was  taken. 


48 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA.,  1899. 


is  appointed  by  the  mayor  of  the  municipal  district,  who  can  also  sus¬ 
pend  or  remove  him.  He  is  required  to  keep  a  register  of  the  horses, 
mules,  and  cattle  in  his  ward,  and  to  discharge  such  administrative 
duties  as  the  deputy  mayor  of  the  subdistrict  in  which  his  ward  is 
located  may  direct. 

Each  council  has  a  secretary,  who  is  appointed  by  the  Military  Gov¬ 
ernor  of  the  island  on  the  recommendation  of  the  council.  The  coun¬ 
cil  also  appoints  from  among  its  members  one  or  more  fiscal  attorneys 
(; procuradores  syndicos ),  whose  duty  it  is  to  represent  the  council  in  all 
legal  suits  which  may  be  instituted,  and  to  revise  and  audit  all  local 
accounts  and  budgets.  After  the  council  is  fully  organized  the  coun¬ 
cilors  who  are  not  appointed  to  other  offices  in  the  council  are  called 
aldermen.  The  mayor  and  secretary  are  the  only  salaried  municipal 
officers,  the  office  of  deputy  mayor,  fiscal  attorney,  alderman,  associate 
member  of  the  municipal  board,  and  mayor  of  a  ward  being  described 
in  the  law  as  “gratuitous,  obligatory,  and  honorary.”  The  mayor, 
deputy  mayors,  and  fiscal  attorneys  have  the  same  right  to  speak  and 
vote  as  the  members  of  the  council,  and,  in  fact,  the  first  two  are 
obliged  to  vote  on  every  resolution. 

The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  municipal  council  are  those 
which  usually  devolve  on  such  bodies  in  European  countries.  The 
mayor  is  president  of  the  council  and  represents  it  on  all  occasions. 
He  presides  at  the  meetings  when  the  governor  of  the  province  is  not 
present.  He  votes  by  right  of  membership,  and  in  case  of  a  tie  casts 
the  deciding  vote,  but  has  neither  the  veto  nor  the  appointing  power. 
As  a  result,  there  is  no  division  of  responsibility  between  the  mayor 
and  the  council  in  administrative  matters,  the  council,  as  a  whole, 
making  every  appointment  and  deciding  every  question  of  municipal 
administration  as  far  as  the  laws  and  the  provincial  and  insular  gov¬ 
ernors  will  permit,  distributing  the  work  of  departmental  management 
to  permanent  committees  of  their  own  number,  which  the}7  organize 
and  constitute  as  may  seem  best.  These  committees  have  associated 
with  them  such  experts  and  specialists  as  may  be  necessary,  and  take 
the  place  of  the  several  independent  departments  and  boards  which  are 
features  of  municipal  government  in  the  United  States. 

The  sessions  of  the  municipal  council  are  determined  by  that  body, 
but  can  not  be  less  than  one  each  week.  Every  member  is  required  to 
attend  punctually  or  pay  a  fine.  Neither  the  mayor,  the  deputies, 
aldermen,  nor  ward  mayors  can  absent  themselves  from  the  municipal 
district  unless  they  receive  permission  as  follows:  The  mayor  from  the 
governor  of  the  province,  and  if  the  latter  does  not  appoint  a  tempo¬ 
rary  mayor  the  senior  deputy  acts;  deputy  mayors  and  aldermen  require 
the  permission  of  the  council;  ward  mayors  of  the  mayor.  The  gov¬ 
ernor  of  the  province  can  suspend  the  mayor  or  the  deputies  and 
aldermen,  as  well  as  the  resolutions  and  decisions  of  the  council,  while 


■ 


GOVERNMENT. 


49 


the  Military  Governor  can  remove  all  municipal  officers  and  appoint 
others  to  their  places,  and  modify  or  annul  the  proceedings  of  the 
council. 

The  municipal  board  is  composed  of  the  municipal  council  and  an 
equal  number  of  associate  members  elected  from  among  the  taxpayers 
of  the  district,  who  hold  office  during  the  fiscal  year.  It  is  the  duty  of 
the  board  to  revise  the  annual  budget  of  municipal  expenses  prepared 
by  the  council  and  to  establish  the  taxes  according  to  law. 

By  a  ro}ral  decree  of  November  25, 1897,  municipalities  were  granted 
the  power  to  frame  their  own  laws  regarding  health,  public  education, 
public  highwa}Ts  by  land,  river  or  sea,  and  municipal  finances,  and 
freeiy  to  appoint  and  remove  their  own  employees.  Municipal  councils 
were  empowered  to  choose  their  own  mayors  from  among  the  coun¬ 
cilors,  and  provision  was  made  for  a  minority  representation  in  the 
councils.  Owing  to  the  war  this  decree  did  not  become  operative. 

General  Wood,  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  under  date  of  March 
24,  1900,  intrusted  to  the  municipal  authorities,  without  any  interven¬ 
tion  on  the  part  of  civil  governors,  the  maintenance  of  public  order, 
the  execution  of  municipal  ordinances,  the  administration  of  the  munic¬ 
ipal  police,  the  regulation  of  public  amusements,  and  the  granting  of 
permits  for  public  parades,  assemblies,  and  meetings  within  their 
respective  districts. 

By  a  civil  decree  of  April  18,  1900,  the  power  to  elect  mayors, 
councilors,  treasurers,  municipal  judges,  and  correctional  judges,  to 
hold  office  for  one  year,  was  conferred  on  municipalities.  This  decree 
further  provided  for  the  registration  of  voters,  the  nomination  of 
candidates,  tickets,  boards  of  election,  voting,  methods  of  challenge, 
and  penalties  for  all  kinds  of  election  frauds. 

The  qualifications  of  voters  at  municipal  elections  were  established 
as  follows: 

1.  The  voter  must  be  a  native  male  Cuban,  or  the  son  of  a  native  male  Cuban, 
born  while  his  parents  were  temporarily  residing  abroad,  or  a  Spaniard  included 
within  the  provisions  of  article  9  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  who  has  not  made  declara¬ 
tion  of  his  decision  to  preserve  his  allegiance  to  the  Crown  of  Spain,  as  provided  in 
said  article. 

2.  He  must  be  of  the  age  of  21  years  or  upward  on  the  day  preceding  the  day  of 
election. 

3.  He  must  have  resided  in  the  municipality  in  which  he  intends  to  vote  at  least 
thirty  days  immediately  preceding  the  first  day  of  registration,  and  in  addition  to 
the  above  he  must  possess  any  one  of  the  following  qualifications:  (a)  Ability  to 
read  and  write;  (6)  ownership  of  real  or  personal  property  to  the  value  of  $250, 
American  gold;  (c)  service  in  the  Cuban  army  prior  to  July  18,  1898,  and  the 
honorable  discharge  therefrom,  whether  a  native  Cuban  or  not. 

Disqualifications. — No  person  shall  be  qualified  to  vote  who  is  insane  or  an  idiot,  or 
who  is  a  resident  in,  or  supported  by,  any  public  charitable  institution,  or  who  is 
deprived  of  or  suspended  from  the  exercise  of  his  political  rights  by  sentence  of  a 
court,  except  in  cases  where  the  conviction  is  for  a  crime  of  a  political  character, 

24662 - 4 


50 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


PROVINCIAL  GOVERNMENT. 

Under  the  laws  of  Spain,  a  province  is  composed  of  the  municipal 
districts  within  its  limits.  Up  to  the  8th  of  October,  1607,  Cuba 
formed  a  single  province,  but  by  royal  decree  of  that  date,  it  was 
divided  into  two  provinces,  the  Oriental  and  Occidental,  the  capitals 
of  which  were  the  cities  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Iiabana,  respec¬ 
tively.  The  Governor-General  resided  in  Habana  and  a  provincial 
government  was  established  in  Santiago.  Over  the  Occidental  prov¬ 
ince  he  had  immediate  supervision,  and  over  the  Oriental  through  its 
governor. 

This  continued  to  be  the  provincial  division  of  the  island  until  July 
17,  18^7,  when  by  royal  decree  it  was  divided  into  three  departments, 
to  wit:  The  Occidental,  Central,  and  Oriental,  with  capitals  in  Habana, 
Trinidad,  and  Santiago,  respectively. 

The  departments  were  further  divided  into  districts,  the  Occidental 
having  11,  the  Central  5,  and  the  Oriental  1.  To  each  department  a 
lieutenant-governor  was  appointed — a  general  officer  of  the  Spanish 
army— and  to  the  districts  military  officers  of  subordinate  rank.  The 
officers  were  appointed  by  the  Governor-General,  to  whom  they  were 
directly  responsible  for  the  administration  of  civil  and  military  affairs 
within  the  territorial  divisions  to  which  they  were  assigned. 

In  1850,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Captain-General,  the  Central 
department  was  discontinued,  and  the  municipalities  of  Puerto  Prin¬ 
cipe,  Neuvitas,  and  Trinidad  were  all  annexed  to  the  Occidental  depart¬ 
ment;  the  far  eastern  part  of  its  territory  was  incorporated  with  the 
Oriental  department,  which  now  constitutes  the  province  of  Santiago. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  June  9,  1878,  Cuba  was  divided  into  the 
provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  Puerto 
Principe,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba,  with  capitals  in  the  cities  bearing  the 
names  of  the  provinces.  The  provincial  government  was  vested  in  a 
civil  governor,  a  provincial  deputation,  and  a  provincial  committee. 
The  governor  was  appointed  and  removed  by  the  Governor-General 
and  received  a  salary  of  from  $1,000  to  $8,000  in  Spanish  gold,  accord¬ 
ing  as  the  province  was  first,  second,  or  third  class. 

The  provincial  deputation  was  composed  of  deputies  elected  for  four 
years  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  municipalities.  The  number  of 
deputies  depended  on  the  number  of  electoral  districts  in  tin*  province 
as  determined  by  the  provincial  deputation,  and  approved  by  the  Gov¬ 
ernor-General.  In  the  same  way  the  judicial  districts  of  the  province 
were  allowed  to  elect  twelve  deputies,  more  or  less,  depending  on 
whether  the  number  of  deputies  elected  by  the  municipalities  exceeded 
or  was  less  than  twenty.  The  deputies  served  without  pay. 

The  provincial  committee  and  its  vice-president  were  appointed  by 
the  Governor-General  from  among  the  members  of  the  deputation  and 
consisted  of  five  deputies  who  received  a  salary  of  from  $1,^00  to 


CITY  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


GOVERNMENT. 


51 


$2,000  a  year  in  Spanish  gold,  according  to  the  classification  of  the 
province.  The  deputation  met  in  regular  session  in  November  and 
April  and  held  such  extra  sessions  as  were  necessary.  The  permanent 
committee  represented  the  deputation  when  notin  session,  and  acted  as 
an  advisory  body  to  the  governor  in  respect  to  matters  which  the  laws 
did  not  impose  on  the  deputation. 

The  governor  of  the  province,  as  the  representative  of  the  Governor- 
General,  presided  over  the  deputation  and  permanent  committee  and 
acted  as  the  chief  executive  of  the  province  in  all  matters.  It  was  his 
duty  to  inspect  the  councils  and  the  municipalities,  informing  the 
Governor -General  of  all  cases  of  negligence  or  disaffection.  He  had 
supreme  authority,  subject,  of  course,  to  the  Governor-General.  He 
was  responsible  for  public  order,  and  the  military  authorities  of  the 
province  were  under  his  control. 

The  provincial  deputation  had  charge  generally  of  the  public  roads, 
harbors,  navigation  and  irrigation,  and  all  kinds  of  public  works  of  a 
provincial  character,  the  charitable  institutions  and  those  of  instruc¬ 
tion,  fairs,  expositions,  etc.,  and  the  administration  of  the  provincial 
funds.  The  secretary,  auditor,  and  treasurer  of  the  deputation  were 
appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  province  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  deputation. 

By  a  decree  of  1892  Cuba  was  divided  into  three  “Regions” 
under  the  name  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba.  The 
first  one  comprised  the  provinces  of  Habana  and  Pinar  del  Rio,  the 
second  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara,  and  the  third  one  Santiago  de  Cuba 
and  Puerto  Principe.  The  u  Regions”  were  under  regional  governors, 
who  resided  in  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santiago  cities,  respectively, 
and  were  at  the  same  time  civil  governors  of  the  provinces.  The 
provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Santa  Clara,  and  Puerto  Principe  also  had 
civil  governors  who  were  under  the  authority  of  the  governors  of  the 
regions. 

The  regional  governors  had  a  consulting  cabinet  called  “  Conseijo 
Regional”  composed  of  five  members  appointed  by  the  Governor- 
General  of  the  island,  on  the  nomination  of  the  regional  governors. 

The  civil  governors  of  the  provinces  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Santa  Clara, 
and  Puerto  Principe  had  the  same  authority  they  had  prior  to  the 
establishment  of  the  regions. 

It  is  said  that  the  regions  were  formed  for  the  purpose  of  decen¬ 
tralizing  the  administration  of  the  island,  which  had  always  been  car¬ 
ried  on  in  Habana,  but  this  result  did  not  follow,  and  the  change  only 
served,  apparently,  to  introduce  further  complications. 

INSULAR  GOVERNMENT. 


Valasqucz  and  his  successors  to  the  time  of  De  Soto,  1538,  were 
lieutenant-governors,  with  limited  power  exercised  under  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  governor  and  audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo.  De  Soto  was 


52 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 


the  first  Governor-General,  and  had  nine  successors  with  that  title  to 
1581,  when  Gabriel  de  Lujan  was  appointed  Captain-General.  This 
title  was  continued  to  the  end  of  the  Spanish  control,  a  period  of  four 
hundred  and  six  years. 

While  the  Governor-General,  as  the  representative  of  the  Crown, 
was  the  civil,  military,  and  political  head  of  Cuba,  and  as  a  matter  of 
fact  exercised  the  highest  prerogatives  of  government,  his  authority 
in  reference  to  disbursements  was  limited  by  the  direct  appointment 
of  the  Crown  of  the  officers  intrusted  with  the  collection  of  the  reve¬ 
nues.  He  was  also  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  audiencia  of  Santo 
Domingo,  which  had  authority,  on  complaint,  to  examine  into  his  acts, 
to  suspend  him  and  other  officials  from  office,  and  to  make  provisional 
appointments  subject  to  the  decision  of  the  supreme  court  of  Spain  on 
appeal.  In  1795  the  audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo  was  transferred  to  the 
province  of  Puerto  Principe,  when  that  island  was  ceded  to  France. 

Up  to  1556  the  Governors  were  frequently  appointed  from  civil  life, 
but  the  military  needs  of  the  island,  occasioned  by  the  attacks  of  buc¬ 
caneers  and  privateers,  suggested  a  modification.  This  was  made  grad¬ 
ually,  the  office  of  Governor-General  being  held  by  both  soldiers  and 
civilians  until  the  year  1716.  From  that  date  to  1898  the  Governor- 
General  was  a  general  officer  of  high  rank  in  the  Spanish  army,  in 
whom  were  united  all  civil  and  military  powers. 

No  change  of  importance  appears  to  have  taken  place  in  the  insular 
government  of  Cuba  until  1812,  when  Spain  became  a  constitutional 
monarchy  and  so  remained  until  1811,  when  it  was  abrogated  by  Ferdi¬ 
nand.  This  brief  period  of  constitutional  government  was  not  without 
liberalizing  influences  in  Cuba,  and  a  division  was  made  between  the 
civil  and  the  military  powers  of  the  Governor-General.  With  the 
abrogation  of  the  constitution  of  1812  the  Governors  of  Cuba  resumed 
their  former  prerogatives  and  the  system  of  centralization,  character¬ 
istic  of  the  government,  was  fully  reestablished. 

By  the  revolution  of  1820  the  constitution  of  1812  was  again  rcestab- 

v  O 

lished  in  Spain,  but  was  set  aside  in  1828. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  May  28,  1825,  “all  the  powers  conceded  to  the 
governors  of  cities  in  a  state  of  siege7'  were  conferred  on  the  Gov¬ 
ernor-General.  This  decree  was  never  revoked,  and  conferred  des¬ 
potic  powers  on  the  Governor-General. 

In  1836  the  constitution  of  1812  was  restored,  but  its  provisions 
were  not  extended  to  Cuba,  which  was  to  be  governed  under  a  special 
system  of  decrees,  orders,  etc. 

Associated  with  the  Governor-General  and  forming  part  of  the  pub¬ 
lic  administration  of  the  island  were  certain  special  corporations  and 
boards,  as  of  public  works,  health,  charity,  and  public  instruction.  By 
a  royal  decree  of  August  17,  1851,  the  active  administrative  functions 
of  these  boards,  etc.,  were  vested  in  the  Governor-General,  and  they 


CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


GOVERNMENT. 


53 


were  declared  to  be  4 4  consultative  councils  of  the  Governor.”  In  1881 
the  constitution  of  1876  was  extended  to  Cuba,  which  regulated  in  some 
measure  the  powers  conferred  on  the  Governor-General  by  the  decree 
of  1825. 

By  the  law  of  March  15,  1895,  the  government  and  civil  administra¬ 
tion  were  reorganized  and  the  Governor-General  given  a  council  of 
administration  consisting  of  30  councilors,  15  of  whom  were  appointed 
by  the  Crown  and  15  elected  by  voters  having  the  right  to  vote  for 
members  of  the  provincial  assemblies,  who  were  elected  at  the  same 
time. 

The  term  of  office  of  councilor  was  four  years,  one-half  of  the 
councilors  going  out  every  two  years,  and  the  office  was  declared  to  be 
honorary  and  gratuitous. 

While  the  council  of  administration  was  given  authority  to  take  the 
initiative  by  resolution  in  respect  to  any  matter  pertaining  to  the 
proper  management  of  the  island,  and  the  Governor-General  was 
directed  to  carry  out  such  resolutions,  he  had  full  authority  to  stay 
their  execution  and  to  take  such  measures  as  he  thought  advisable,  sub¬ 
mitting  the  matter  to  the  minister  of  the  colonies.  He  had  authority 
to  suspend  the  council  of  administration  after  hearing  the  council  of 
authorities,  and  any  members  without  such  hearing,  provided  there 
were  councilors  enough  left  to  form  a  quorum. 

The  council  of  authorities  consisted  of  the  Bishop  of  Habana  or 
the  Archbishop  of  Santiago,  the  commander  of  the  naval  station,  the 
Military  Governor,  the  presiding  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Habana, 
the  attorney -general,  the  head  of  the  department  of  finance,  and  the 
director  of  local  administration.  This  was  a  purely  advisory  council, 
submitting  its  views  in  the  form  of  resolutions,  which  were  not  bind¬ 
ing  on  the  Governor-General. 

The  law  of  1895  made  more  liberal  provisions  for  the  government 
of  the  provinces  and  municipalities  and  the  election  of  mayors  and 
aldermen. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  November  25,  1897,  Cuba  was  given  an  insular 
parliament  consisting  of  two  chambers,  which,  with  the  Governor- 
General,  representing  the  mother  country,  constituted  the  government 
of  the  island.  The  parliament  was  to  consist  of  two  bodies  of  equal 
legislative  powers,  to  be  known  as  the  chamber  of  representatives  and 
a  council  of  administration,  the  latter  of  35  members,  18  elected  and 
17  appointed  by  the  Crown  on  nomination  by  the  Governor-General. 
The  representatives  were  apportioned  at  the  rate  of  one  for  every 
25,000  inhabitants,  and  were  chosen  for  five  years.  The  Crown  repre¬ 
sentatives  were  appointed  for  life.  The  insular  parliament  was  to 
meet  annually,  and  Avhile  given  ample  authority  to  legislate  for  the 
island,  the  veto  of  the  Governor-General  enabled  him  to  suspend  the 
publication  and  execution  of  the  laws,  etc.,  until  Madrid  could  be 
heard  from. 


54 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  decree  provided  for  a  cabinet  of  five  secretaries  of  department, 
to  wit:  grace,  justice,  and  interior;  finance;  public  education,  and  public 
works;  posts  and  telegraphs;  agriculture,  industry  and  commerce. 
The  cabinet  was  inaugurated  January  1,  1898.  A  modification  of  the 
provincial  and  municipal  government  and  a  number  of  other  measures 
were  contained  in  the  decree,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  a 
more  detailed  account  of  its  provisions.  One  of  the  most  important 
of  these  conferred  on  the  insular  government  the  framing  of  the 
tariff,  always  a  cause  of  grave  economic  disturbance  while  it  had  been 
under  the  home  government. 

As  the  country  was  involved  in  war,  the  execution  of  this  decree 
was  not  carried  out  except  as  to  the  organization  of  the  parliament 
and  cabinet,  and  possibly  in  some  of  its  minor  prescriptions.  The 
chambers  were  inaugurated  in  May  and  dissolved  by  Captain-General 
Blanco  in  October.  The  cabinet  was  abolished  shortly  before  Ameri¬ 
can  occupation,  and  the  autonomous  government  came  to  an  end. 

On  the  withdrawal  of  Spain  the  government  of  the  island  devolved 
on  the  Army  of  the  United  States  under  the  laws  of  war,  and  Maj. 
Gen.  John  R.  Brooke  was  appointed  Military  Governor.  He  entered 
on  his  duties  January  1,  1899,  and  in  order  to  acquaint  the  people  of 
the  island  with  the  intentions  of  the  President  as  Commander  in  Chief 
of  the  Army,  issued  the  following  proclamation: 

To  the  People  of  Cuba: 

Coming  among  you  as  the  representative  of  the  President,  in  furtherance  and  in 
continuation  of  the  humane  purpose  with  which  my  country  interfered  to  put  an  end 
to  the  distressing  condition  in  this  island,  I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  the  object  of 
the  present  government  is  to  give  protection  to  the  people,  security  to  person  and 
property,  to  restore  confidence,  to  encourage  the  people  to  resume  the  pursuits  of 
peace,  to  build  up  waste  plantations,  to  resume  commercial  traffic,  and  to  afford  full 
protection  in  the  exercise  of  all  civil  and  religious  rights. 

To  this  end  the  protection  of  the  United  States  Government  will  be  directed,  and 
every  possible  provision  made  to  carry  out  these  objects  through  the  channels  of 
civil  administration,  although  under  military  control,  in  the  interest  and  for  the 
benefit  of  all  the  people  of  Cuba,  and  those  possessed  of  rights  and  property  in  the 
island. 

The  civil  and  criminal  code  which  prevailed  prior  to  the  relinquishment  of  Span¬ 
ish  sovereignty  will  remain  in  force,  with  such  modifications  and  changes  as  may 
from  time  to  time  be  found  necessary  in  the  interest  of  good  government. 

The  people  of  Cuba,  without  regard  to  previous  affiliations,  are  invited  and  urged 
to  cooperate  in  these  objects  by  the  exercise  of  moderation,  conciliation,  and  good 
will  one  toward  another;  and  a  hearty  accord  in  our  humanitarian  purposes  will 
insure  kind  and  beneficent  government. 

The  militarv  governor  of  the  island  will  al wavs  be  pleased  to  confer  with  those 
who  may  desire  to  consult  him  on  matters  of  public  interest. 

On  January  11  ho  revised  the  cabinet,  vesting  the  administration  of 
tin'  civil  government  in  a  department  of  state  and  government,  depart¬ 
ment  of  finance,  department  of  justice  and  public  Instruction,  and 
department  of  agriculture,  commerce,  industries,  and  public  works. 


CITY  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


GOVERNMENT. 


55 


Many  changes,  having  in  view  the  better  administration  of  the  govern¬ 
ment,  were  made  by  General  Brooke  and  his  successor,  General 
Wood,  but  the  scope  of  this  report  will  not  permit  a  detailed  account 
of  them.  The  object  has  been  gradually  to  confer  on  the  Cubans  full 
civil  rights,  together  with  all  the  powers  of  local  self-government — 
municipal,  provincial,  and  insular — and  to  do  this  as  rapidly  as  local 
conditions  and  the  serious  international  obligations  to  protect  life  and 
property  in  the  island,  assumed  by  the  United  States  under  the  treaty 
of  Paris,  will  permit. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  CUBA  IN  THE  SPANISH  CORTES. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  1810  Cuba  was  given  representation  in  the 
Cortes.  Two  deputies  were  sent,  one  each  from  Habana  and  Santiago, 
who  took  part  in  framing  the  Spanish  constitution  of  1812.  With 
the  abrogation  of  this  constitution  in  1814  the  representation  ceased, 
but  was  reestablished  in  1820.  It  ceased  again  in  1823  and  there  was 
no  representation  in  the  Cortes  until  1834,  when,  under  a  royal  statute 
of  that  year,  representatives  were  again  admitted. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  1837,  however,  a  resolution  of  the  Cortes  of 
1836  was  published,  which  provided  that  ,the  provinces  in  America 
and  Asia  be  governed  and  administered  under  laws  especially  adapted 
to  them  and  that  they  cease  to  be  represented  in  the  Cortes. 

The  electoral  laws  of  1877-1879  again  gave  Cuba  representation  in 
the  Cortes,  in  the  proportion  of  1  deputy  for  every  50,000  people. 
Under  the  electoral  law  of  1892  Cuba  sent  13  senators  and  30  repre¬ 
sentatives  to  the  Spanish  Cortes,  but,  as  a  majority  of  the  deputies 
were  Spaniards,  the  native  Cubans  felt  that  the}7  were  never  fairly 
represented. 

CUBAN  REPUBLICS. 

A  republic  has  been  twice  proclaimed  in  Cuba  by  revolutionists, 
viz,  during  the  ten  years’  war  and  again  in  1895,  but  these  govern¬ 
ments  proved  to  be  provisional  and  expired  with  the  revolutions 
which  produced  them. 

THE  JUDICIARY. 

Intimately  connected  with  the  government  of  Cuba  was  the  judi¬ 
ciary,  and  as  no  account  of  administration  under  Spain  would  be 
complete  without  some  reference  to  the  courts,  a  brief  outline  is  pre¬ 
sented. 

At  the  date  of  American  occupation  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Spanish 
Government  over  court  officials  was  exercised  through  the  department 
of  grace  and  justice,  which,  by  the  military  decree  of  January  11, 
1899,  beoame  the  department  of  justice  and  public  instruction,  and  by 
a  decree  of  January  1,  1900,  the  department  of  justice.  The  duties 


KG  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


which  devolve  on  the  department  of  justice  are  those  which  usually 
pertain  to  such  departments,  but  in  Cuba  it  has  also  supervision 
over  the  registers  of  property  and  notaries  public,  to  which  reference 
will  be  made  further  on. 

The  courts  of  Cuba  were  essentially  insular,  the  judges  being 
appointed  either  directly  by  the  Government  or  indirectly  through 
its  officials,  and  were  of  four  classes  or  kinds,  viz,  municipal  judges, 
judges  of  first  instance  and  instruction,  criminal  audiencias ,  and  terri 
torial  audiencias.  The  last  named  were  reduced  to  three  by  a  decree 
of  June  15,  1899,  giving  all  the  audiencias  the  same  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction.  The  municipal  judges  were  distributed  to  the  municipal 
districts,  one  or  more  in  each,  and  were  appointed  by  the  presiding 
judges  or  presidents  of  the  audiencias  from  among  three  persons 
nominated  by  the  judges  of  first  instance  of  the  judicial  districts; 
they  held  office  for  two  years.  At  the  same  time  a  substitute  was 
appointed,  who  performed  the  duties  when  from  sickness  or  other 
cause  the  regular  judge  could  not  officiate. 

The  municipal  judges  receive  no  salary  or  allowances  and  their  serv¬ 
ices  are  requited  by  fees,  paid  according  to  regular  schedule. 

The}T  had  and  still  have  civil  jurisdiction  over  all  suits  not  involving 
more  than  $200,  and  of  suits  to  effect  settlements  without  trial;  they 
take  cognizance  in  first  instance  of  cases  involving  the  challenge  of 
other  municipal  judges;  they  appoint  the  family  council  for  the  care 
of  minors  or  incapacitated  persons  and  commence  the  investigation  of 
all  cases  of  emergency  requiring  an  immediate  decision  by  a  judge  of 
first  instance,  when  the  latter  is  not  available,  to  whom  the  record  is 
sent  for  a  continuance.  In  criminal  cases  they  have  jurisdiction  over 
all  misdemeanors  where  the  penalty  imposed  does  not  exceed  thirty 
days’  confinement  or  a  fine  of  325  pesetas.  They  make  the  prelimi¬ 
nary  investigation  into  all  kinds  of  crimes,  if  urgent,  and  the  judge  of 
instruction  is  not  present.  The  municipal  judges  also  keep  the  civil 
registers  of  births,  deaths,  and  marriages.  Each  municipal  court  has 
a  public  prosecutor  (fiscal),  and  a  substitute  prosecutor,  who  are 
appointed  by  the  fiscals  of  the  territorial  audiencias ;  a  secretary 
appointed  by  the  judge  of  first  instance  and  instruction;  and  a  bailiff 
or  constable.  All  officials  of  the  court  were  paid  from  court  fees, 
according  to  schedule. 

o 


The  judges  of  first  instance  and  instruction  are  located  at  the  seat  of 
the  judical  districts  to  which  they  are  appointed,  and  there  are  as  many 
judges  as  districts  (see  “Government’’).  They  are  appointed  by  the 
Governor-General  and  when  unable  to  perform  their  duties  are  substi¬ 
tuted  by  one  of  the  municipal  judges  in  the  district.  They  are  paid 
according  to  their  classification,  those  in  Habana  receiving  $4,500  per 
annum,  those  in  the  cities  of  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago  de  Cuba 
$2,750,  those  of  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Pinar  del  Rio,  Guanajay,  Santa 


SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


GOVERNMENT. 


57 


Clara,  Cienfuegos,  and  Sagua  la  Grande,  $2,250,  and  those  of  Bejucal, 
G-uanabacoa,  Guines,  Jaruco,  Marianao,  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos, 
Marin,  Alfonso  XII,  Colon,  Guane,  San  Cristobal,  San  Juan  de  los 
Remedios,  Sancti  Spiritus,  Trinidad,  Baracoa,  Bayamo,  Guantanamo, 
Holguin,  and  Manzanillo,  $1,875  per  annum. 

The  judges  of  first  instance  have  original  civil  jurisdiction  in  all 
cases  where  the  amount  involved  exceeds  $200,  and  appellate  jurisdic¬ 
tion  from  the  municipal  courts;  they  decide  questions  of  competency 
arising  between  municipal  judges  of  the  same  judicial  district,  take 
cognizance,  in  first  instance,  when  the  competency  of  other  judges  of 
first  instance  is  in  question,  and  of  appeals  in  similar  cases  of  munici¬ 
pal  judges;  they  hear  cases  in  bankruptcy  and  for  the  discharge  of 
such  commissions  or  other  duties  as  may  be  devolved  on  them  by 
superior  courts  or  of  courts  of  the  same  category  of  other  judicial 
districts. 

The  other  officials  of  a  court  of  first  instance  are  one  secretary,  four 
court  or  record  clerks  ( escribanos ),  one  physician,  and  two  bailiffs  or 
constables.  The  secretaries  are  appointed  by  the  judges  of  first 
instance,  while  the  clerks  are  appointed  b}T  the  government  on  the 
recommendation  in  ternary  of  the  oudiencias.  The  secretaries  and 
clerks  are  paid  from  fees  according  to  a  schedule  established  by  the 
government  and  collected  from  litigants. 

Prior  to  American  occupation  there  were  three  criminal  audiencias 
and  three  territorial  audiencias.  The  criminal  audiencias  were  located 
in  Pinar  del  Rio,  Santa  Clara,  and  Puerto  Principe,  and  each  was  com¬ 
posed  of  a  presiding  judge  and  two  associate  justices.  They  were 
appointed  by  the  Governor-General  and  paid  as  follows:  Presiding 
judge  $4,280  per  annum;  associates,  $3,500.  These  courts  had  original 
and  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  all  crimes  committed  in  the  island  from 
chicken  stealing  to  murder,  until  the  establishment  by  General  Wood 
of  the  special  criminal  court  (Juzgado  de  Guardia)  of  Habana,  by  a 
decree  of  February  1,  1900,  a  brief  account  of  which  will  be  given 
later.  The  criminal  audiencias  had  no  civil  jurisdiction. 

The  other  officials  of  the  criminal  audiencias  were  one  public  prose¬ 
cutor  ( fiscal )  one  deputy  prosecutor,  one  secretary,  one  assistant  secre¬ 
tary,  and  two  clerks. 

Territorial  audiencias  were  established  in  the  provinces  of  Habana, 
Matanzas,  and  Santiago,  and  had  criminal  jurisdiction  in  the  provinces 
where  located,  and  civil  jurisdiction  in  the  territory  assigned  them; 
thus,  the  audiencia  of  Habana  had  criminal  jurisdiction  in  that  prov¬ 
ince  and  civil  jurisdiction  over  Pinar  del  Rio  and  Habana;  the  terri¬ 
torial  audiencia  of  Matanzas  had  criminal  jurisdiction  over  that 
province  and  civil  jurisdiction  over  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara;  the 
territorial  audiencia  of  Santiago  had  criminal  jurisdiction  over  the 
province  of  Santiago  and  civil  jurisdiction  over  Santiago  and  Puerto 


58 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Principe.  Thus  the  territorial  andiencias  had  a  criminal  chamber  and 
a  civil  chamber  or  sola.  The  judges  were  appointed  by  the  Governor- 
General  in  council  with  the  secretaries.  The  presiding*  judges  of  the 
audiencia  of  Habana  received  a  salary  of  $5,750;  the  nine  associate 
judges  $5,000;  the  other  court  officials  were  the  same  as  for  the  crim¬ 
inal  andiencias  with  the  addition  of  an  assistant  deputy  fiscal  or  public 
prosecutor. 

By  a  decree  of  June  15,  1899,  civil  and  criminal  jurisdiction  was 
conferred  on  the  six  andiencias  within  the  provinces  where  established. 
Certain  administrative  functions  and  duties  were  also  imposed  on  them, 
and  the  fees  which  were  formerly  paid  to  the  secretaries  of  andiencias 
in  stamped  paper  of  the  state  were  also  suppressed. 

Other  court  officials  under  the  laws  of  Spain  were  the  solicitors,  who 
represented  contending  parties  in  civil  and  criminal  causes.  Formerly 
the  office  of  solicitor  was  sold  as  a  source  of  revenue  to  those  who 
paid  the  highest  price,  the  insular  government  agreeing  not  to 
increase  the  number  of  such  officials.  Their  intervention  in  lawsuits 
and  practically  in  all  legal  proceedings  was  made  obligatory,  and  the 
monopoly  of  their  duties  Avas  left  to  a  certain  number  in  each  town  in 
consideration  of  the  price  paid  for  the  office.  Other  officials,  although 
not  judicial,  were  the  notaries,  who  were  authorized  to  certify  to  con¬ 
tracts  and  other  extra-judicial  instruments  in  accordance  with  the 
notarial  law  of  1862.  Solicitors  are  now  appointed  by  the  secretary 
of  justice  and  their  employment  is  no  longer  compulsory. 

While  attorneys  are  not,  properly  speaking,  court  officials,  they  had 
this  character  in  Cuba  because  the  laws  made  their  intervention  in  a 
large  majority  of  cases  indispensable  as  counsel  for  the  parties  to  civil 
and  criminal  suits.  As  a  result,  the  qualification  of  the  attorneys  are 
regulated  by  the  state,  the  diplomas  being  issued  by  the  GoA^ernor- 
General  after  an  examination  by  boards  of  the  university  in  the  fol- 
loAving  subjects:  Philosophy  and  law,  metaphysics,  general  and 
Spanish  literature,  Spanish  history,  political  economy,  natural  law, 
Roman  law,  canonical  law,  political  laAv,  penal  law,  civil  laAv,  adminis¬ 
trative  law,  public  treasury,  history  of  Spanish  laAv,  law  of  civil  and 
criminal  procedure,  and  international  law,  public  and  private. 

In  all  towns  where  there  is  a  territorial  audiencia  there  is  a  college 
of  lawyers  for  the  equitable  distribution  of  offices,  and  to  preserve 
order  and  discipline  among  the  lawyers  of  the  territory  of  the  audi¬ 
encia. 

Other  officials  connected  with  the  administration  of  real  property 
are  the  registers  of  property,  classified,  according  to  the  importance  of 
the  localitv  in  which  they  reside,  as  first,  second,  and  third  class. 
They  are  appointed  by  the  Government  and  are  required  to  give  bond 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties;  they  charge  the  fees  pre¬ 
scribed  by  la  ay.  It  is  the  duty  of  registers  to  make  a  record  of  all 


CITY  AND  HARBOR  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


GOVERNMENT. 


59 


acts  and  contracts,  mortgages,  etc. ,  transferring,  encumbering,  or  limit¬ 
ing  the  ownership  or  administration  of  real  estate  or  property  rights 
or  contracts;  constituting,  altering,  or  dissolving  commercial  associ¬ 
ations,  and  transfers  of  vessels.  They  can  not  be  removed  or  trans¬ 
ferred  against  their  will  except  by  judicial  decision.  They  are 
entitled  to  a  pension  when,  on  account  of  their  age  or  physical  incapac¬ 
ity,  they  are  prevented  from  performing  the  duties  of  their  office,  and 
this  pension  passes  to  the  widow  and  children. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  an  outline  of  the  Spanish  courts  as  they  were  con¬ 
stituted  on  the  1st  of  January,  1899;  and  while  the  composition  of  the 
courts  and  the  codes  of  law  were  no  doubt  sufficient  for  the  needs  of 
the  island,  the  judiciary,  as  the  creation  of  the  government  and  exist¬ 
ing*  at  its  pleasure,  had  but  little  independence,  and  the  administration 
of  the  courts  was  characterized  by  arbitrary  arrests,  the  incornrnuni- 
cado ,  exorbitant  fees  to  court  officials  in  both  civil  and  criminal  trials, 
and  not  infrequently  by  corrupt  and  dishonest  practices.  As  a  rule, 
the  judiciary  was  monopolized  by  Spaniards,  and  no  Cuban  could  hope 
for  appointment  to  the  bench,  and  a  speedy  and  impartial  trial  where 
Cubans  were  concerned  was  quite  unusual.  Many  of  the  prisoners 
found  in  the  jails  of  the  island  at  the  time  of  American  occupation  had 
been  in  confinement  without  trial  for  years,  and  of  those  who  had  been 
tried  only  a  few  were  serving  sentence,  although  in  some  instances 
years  had  elapsed  since  their  appearance  in  court. 

If  the  impartial  and  speedy  administration  of  justice  is  a  reliable 
indication  of  good  government,  then  it  must  be  confessed  that  the 
government  of  Cuba  lacked  that  attribute. 

As  a  result  of  the  withdrawal  of  Spain  from  Cuba  a  supreme  court 
was  established  by  a  decree  of  General  Brooke,  April  11,  1899,  to  hear 
cases  and  appeals  which  under  Spanish  rule  would  have  been  sent  to 
Spain  for  decision. 

The  court  has  its  seat  in  Habana,  and  is  composed  of  a  president  or 
chief  justice,  6  associate  justices,  1  faced  or  prosecuting  attorney,  2 
assistant  fiscals ,  1  secretary,  2  deputy  clerks,  and  other  subordinate 

officials. 

Another  court,  established  by  General  Ludlow,  military  governor 
of  Habana,  January  6,  1899,  was  the  police  or  correctional  court  of 
Habana.  In  his  report  to  the  Military  Governor  of  the  island,  June 
10,  explaining  his  action,  General  Ludlow  writes: 


Article  220  of  the  municipal  police  laws  of  Habana  provides  that  the  imposition  of 
fines  for  violation  of  city  ordinances  is  within  the  “exclusive  jurisdiction”  of  the 
city  government,  the  mayor,  the  assistant  mayors,  and  the  deputies  and  inspectors 
of  the  municipal  service. 

During  the  period  when  the  organization  of  the  police  and  the  regulation  of  the 
other  city  business  were  in  progress,  and  numerous  arrests  were  made  for  misde¬ 
meanors,  usually  of  a  minor  character,  drunkenness  and  the  like,  largely  by  Ameri¬ 
cans,  soldiers  and  civilians,  I  designated  an  officer  of  my  staff  as  a  supervisor  of 


GO 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

police,  giving  him  certain  discretionary  authority  with  reference  to  the  police  force 
and  its  methods  and  the  due  carrying  out  of  its  executive  and  disciplinary  purposes. 

Owing  to  the  lack  of  proper  accommodation  for  transient  prisoners,  and  with  the 
view  to  expedite  the  administration  of  justice,  the  supervisor  of  police  held  at  the 
Yivac  a  trial  court  for  sifting  out  the  police  cases  and  summarily  disposing  of  such 
as  did  not  require  the  action  of  the  municipal  judges  for  criminal  offenses. 

For  this  purpose,  after  hearing  the  evidence  in  each  case,  fines  were  imposed  or 
alternatively  continuance  of  detention,  at  the  rate  of  a  day’s  detention  for  an  unpaid 
dollar  fine,  this  procedure  being  in  conformity  with  the  methods  of  the  American 
police  courts,  and  practically  also  with  the  municipal  laws  of  Habana,  though  by  a 
less  roundabout  and  dilatory  process. 

The  procedures  have  proved  to  answer  their  purpose  admirably,  and  are  recog¬ 
nized  as  both  advantageous  and  effective;  so  much  so  that  it  has  been  urged  to  make 
the  practice  a  general  and  permanent  one  in  the  disposition  of  police  cases. 

Certain  criticisms  have  come  from  two  sources,  viz:  Those  who  for  personal 
reasons  objected  to  the  enforcement  of  penalties  for  infractions  of  municipal  laws, 
and  from  certain  professional  sources  which  found  their  fees  diminished  by  the 
prompt  and  equitable  disposition  of  police  cases.  These  contentions,  however,  repre¬ 
sent  personal  and  pecuniary  interests  only,  and  are  opposed  to  the  public  interests, 
which  call  for  prompt  action  in  police  cases. 

I  therefore  commend  to  the  consideration  of  the  division  commander  the  drafting 
of  a  decree  which  shall  provide  formally  for  the  establishment  of  police  courts  in 
Habana  or  elsewhere,  in  such  numbers  and  with  such  stipulations  as  shall  be  con¬ 
sidered  expedient  for  the  summary  and  effective  disposal  of  police  arrests,  substan¬ 
tially  as  now  practiced  in  the  United  States. 

While  the  action  taken  b}T  General  Ludlow  does  not  appear  to  have 
received  the  formal  approval  of  General  Brooke,  the  court  was  con¬ 
tinued  as  organized,  and  under  the  administration  of  Maj.  W.  L. 
Pitcher,  Eighth  Infantry,  who  succeeded  Major  Evans  as  supervisor 
of  police,  has  proved  of  inestimable  value  in  restraining  and  punishing 
the  disordorly  element  in  Habana.  Recognizing  its  value,  General 
Wood,  on  April  10,  formal l}r  continued  it  in  a  decree  of  that  date,  and 
gave  it  jurisdiction  over  all  offenses  known  as  faltas  (light  crimes), 
and  all  minor  breaches  of  the  peace;  the  trial  and  punishment  of 
authors  and  publishers  of  all  immoral  or  obscene  literature,  or  false, 
malicious,  or  scandalous  statements,  whether  printed  or  oral,  tending 
to  injure  reputation  or  the  professional,  official,  or  private  standing 
in  the  community;  the  punishments  to  be  imposed  not  to  exceed  $30 
line  or  thirty  days  in  jail,  or  both,  and  the  court  to  have  authority  to 
issue  warrants,  search  warrants,  and  subpoenas;  the  trials  to  be  oral 
and  summary. 

By  a  decree  of  April  14,  the  organization  of  the  police  court  was 
modified  so  that  all  trials  except  for  libel  and  scandal  are  conducted  by 
a  single  presiding  judge  designated  by  the  military  governor,  and  all 
other  trials,  when  from  the  nature  of  the  offense  a  greater  penalty 
than  $10  tine  and  ten  days’  imprisonment  should  be  imposed,  are  con¬ 
ducted  by  the  full  court,  consisting  of  the  presiding  judge  and  two 
associate  judges  selected  by  lot  from  the  municipal  judges  of  Habana. 

This  system  of  police  courts  has  been  applied  recently  to  the  whole 


CITY  OF  NUEVITAS. 


POPULATION. 


01 


island,  and  is  said  to.  be  a  great  improvement  over  the  magistrate’s 
courts,  which  have  been  suppressed  in  all  but  the  chief  towns  of  muni¬ 
cipal  districts.  The  municipal  and  police  judges  are  now  elected. 

In  addition  to  the  establishment  of  these  courts,  other  changes  have 
been  made  and  more  are  contemplated,  having  in  view  an  administra¬ 
tion  of  the  courts  more  in  accordance  with  American  ideas  of  justice 
than  those  prevailing  in  Cuba  heretofore.  The  main  difficulty  in  the 
way  is  the  Spanish  law  of  procedure  and  the  entire  absence  of  remedial 
writs,  which,  like  the  writs  of  habeas  corvus ,  certiorari ,  etc.,  are  relied 
on  in  this  country  as  a  protection  to  personal  liberty  and  against 
various  kinds  of  injustice.  These  beneficent  changes  will  no  doubt 
follow  if  they  do  not  precede  the  establishment  of  free  government, 
toward  which  steady  progress  is  being  made. 

Population. 

FORM  OF  SCHEDULE  AND  METHOD  OF  TABULATION. 

If  the  population  schedule  adopted  for  the  Cuban  census  be  com¬ 
pared  with  the  schedule  of  the  Eleventh  Census  of  the  United  States, 
it  will  be  found  that,  while  in  general  design  they  are  the  same,  they 
differ  in  respect  to  the  number  of  inquiries,  and  that  the  latter  is  the 
more  comprehensive  of  the  two.  This  is  quite  natural,  and  results 
from  the  complex  and  diverse  condition  of  the  population  of  the  United 
States,  in  which  a  more  extensive  investigation  is  necessary  to  deter¬ 
mine  the  state  of  the  population  than  in  Cuba,  where  the  industries 
of  the  people  are  quite  limited  and  a  very  large  majority  of  the  popu¬ 
lation  is  native. 


62 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF 


CUBA,  1899. 


o 


°0 


A> 

>2 


O 


CO 

— 

X 


<o 


r-<  co  co  -!nc  co  i^xcj  o  *— <  co  co  »o  co  i>  oc  cr>  o 

r— <  r— <  »— <  rinH  r-i  *— i  »— i  r-<  CO 

Sanitary  conditions. 

Latrine 

system. 

X 

* 

Disposition 

of 

garbage. 

h 

Source 
of  water 

used. 

w 

O 

■w 

jaqfhjj 

,  ^  -31U.SY  u*o 

pH 

~  E  -pi?0J  UBO 

•p 

' 

JuaX  {ooqas  jsiq 
oqi  Suunp  jooqas  jv 
aauBpuajji?  jo  sqjuon 

r* 

Occupation, 
trade,  or 
profession  of 
every  person 
10  years 
of  age  and 
over. 

X 

s 

N 

■*-> 

w 

Cuban, 
Spaniard, 
or  in 
suspense. 

Nativity. 

Native 
country  of 
this  person. 

AS 

V* 

7 

a>  . 

~  ■*— ' 

c 

DO 

f-i 

o 

•uotjipuoo  pquvj^ 

X 

•AvpqjJtq  js”R[  jt?  aSy 

b 

•xas 

•A 

MOIO0 

1 

•*— *  .1— 1 

«* 

Relation¬ 
ship  of  each 
person  to 
the  head  of 
the  family. 

\ 

Name  of  every 
person  residing 
with  this 
family  or  in 
this  house. 

w 

Situation. 

•pajisi.v 
qaiqM  ut  japjo  aqj 
ui  Xjiuibj  ;o  jaqiunx 

•paqsiA  uatijAV  ui 
japjo  aqj  ui  auipjmq 
jo  asnoq  jo  iaquinx 

- 

Z  ’dsnoq  jo  jaqranx 

=  qaajJS 

cc  -r  »c  OhX  c^o 


oico  -r»o 


I-  X  Oi  o 


CITY  OF  TRINIDAD. 


POPULATION. 


63 


To  present  the  information  contained  in  the  schedules  in  a  satisfactory 
way,  it  was  decided  that  complicated  tables  would  be  necessary;  that 
to  save  time,  which  was  important,  the  tabulation  should  be  done  by 
machine,  and  not  by  the  old  hand-tally  system. 

As  the  electric  tabulating  machines,  invented  by  Mr.  Herman  Hol¬ 
lerith,  had  been  successfully  used  in  tabulating  the  Eleventh  Census 
of  the  United  States,  and  were  to  be  used  again  in  the  Twelfth,  and  as 
his  system  was  known  to  be  accurate  and  expeditious,  it  was  adopted. 
The  operation  is  described  by  Mr.  Hollerith  as  follows: 

44  The  population  of  each  enumeration  district  was  first  established 
by  a  so-called  4  rough  count;’  that  is,  the  number  of  persons  recorded 
on  each  schedule  were  counted  by  two  clerks  independent  of  each  other, 
and  where  such  counts  disagreed,  a  third,  or  even  a  fourth,  count  was 
made  to  determine  the  correct  population  of  each  enumeration  district. 

4k  The  detailed  tables  were  then  prepared  by  means  of  the  electric  tab¬ 
ulating  system.  For  this  purpose  all  the  necessary  data  relating  to 
each  person  were  expressed  by  means  of  holes  punched  in  certain  places 
in  a  card  hy  means  of  the  key-board  punch. 


Pattern  of  the  card. 


4 “If  the  record  related  to  a  white  person,  B- — standing  for  bianco 
(white) — was  punched,  while  N  was  punched  for  a  negro,  or  M  for 
mixed,  Ch  for  Chinese,  etc.  For  males,  V  was  punched,  and  II  for 
females.  The  age  was  recorded  by  punching  0  for  less  than  1  year,  1, 
2,  3,  or  4  for  the  respective  years,  5  for  the  group  5-9,  etc.  Conjugal 


64 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 


condition  was  recorded  in  the  next  field  or  division  of  the  card.  Birth¬ 
place  was  recorded  by  punching  in  another  division  of  the  card,  Cu 
for  Cuba,  P.  R.  for  Porto  Rico,  Esp.  for  Spain,  It.  for  Italy,  OC  for 
other  countries,  etc.  Citizenship  was  similarly  recorded.  For  each 
occupation,  two  holes  were  punched  according  to  the  number  assigned 
to  the  given  occupation  in  the  corresponding  classification  of  occupa¬ 
tion,  NG  being  punched  for  those  without  gainful  occupation.  Liter¬ 
acy,  school  attendance,  education,  and  the  sanitary  condition  of  the 
dwellings,  size  of  families,  etc.,  were  similarly  recorded  by  punching 
in  the  respective  divisions  of  the  card. 

“At  the  extreme  left  a  space  of  four  rows  of  twelve  holes  was  used 
to  record  the  province,  municipal  and  enumeration  district  to  which 
the  card  related.  This  combination  of  holes  would,  of  course,  be  the 
same  for  all  the  cards  of  a  given  district,  and  was  done  by  means  of 
the  “gang  punch.” 

“In  addition,  each  card  was  provided  with  a  double  number,  one 
number  indicating  the  sheet  of  the  particular  enumeration  district  on 
which  the  record  of  the  corresponding  person  could  be  found,  and  the 
other  indicating  the  particular  line  or  person  to  which  the  card  related. 
By  means  of  the  gang-punched  holes  and  these  numbers  any  one  of 
the  million  and  a  half  cards  corresponding  to  the  population  of  Cuba 
could  be  identified  and  the  correctness  of  the  punching  verified. 

“The  punched  cards  were  then  passed  through  the  electric  tabulating 
machines.  In  this  machine  a  series  of  electro-magnetically  operated 
counters  are  arranged,  according  to  the  tables  it  is  desired  to  com¬ 
pile,  in  electric  connection  with  a  circuit-closing  device,  the  circuits 
through  which  are  controlled  by  the  holes  in  the  punched  record  card, 
which  is  placed  on  the  bedplate  of  such  circuit-closing  device. 

“The  cards  relating  to  a  given  enumeration  district  were  fed  one  by 
one  into  the  tabulating  machine,  which  recorded  the  number  of  native 
white  males,  foreign  white  males,  colored  males,  native  white  females, 
the  number  born  in  Cuba,  in  Spain,  how  many  less  than  5  years  of 
age,  5  to  9  years  of  age,  etc.  The  sum  of  the  details  of  each  group 
of  facts  should  equal  the  total  number  of  cards  tabulated,  and,  of 
course,  should  be  equal  to  the  population  of  the  enumeration  district 
as  established  by  the  rough  count,  thus  providing  a  third  check  on  the 
accuracy  of  the  count. 

“At  the  same  time  that  a  card  operates  the  counters  it  opens  one 
compartment  of  the  sorting  box,  into  which  it  is  placed  when  removed 
from  the  circuit-closing  device.  The  object  of  such  sorting  is  to 
arrange  the  cards  to  facilitate  subsequent  tabulation  by  means  of 
which  the  more  detailed  tables  were  obtained. 

“  By  thus  tabulating  first  one  group  of  data  and  then  another  with 
intermediate  sorting  or  arranging  of  the  cards  the  various  tables  were 
obtained.” 


CITY  OF  SANCTI  SPIRITUS. 


ABORIGINAL  POPULA1ION. 


65 


The  tabulation  of  the  population  was  commenced  February  2  and 
completed  July  5,  an  unparalleled  record  of  speedy  work.  Its  celerity 
is  fully  equaled  by  its  accuracy,  as  the  application  of  numerous  tests 
has  shown. 

ABORIGINAL  POPULATION. 

The  population  of  Cuba  at  the  date  of  its  discovery  has  been  vari¬ 
ously  estimated  at  between  200,000  and  1,000,000  Indians.  The  latter 
is  the  estimate  of  Bishop  Las  Casas,  who  visited  their  villages  and  was 
always  their  friend  and  protector. 

The  natives  were  found  living  contentedly  under  nine  independent 
chiefs,  whose  government  was  of  the  simplest  character,  their  orders 
being  received  as  law.  The  natives  are  described  by  Columbus,  Las 
Casas,  and  Peter  Martyr  as  of  a  gentle  and  friendly  disposition,  having 
a  simple  religious  belief,  and,  unlike  the  natives  of  some  other  West 
India  Islands,  not  addicted  to  cannibalism.  In  physique  they  were 
rather  slight,  with  pleasant  faces;  they  had  excellent  nets,  fishhooks, 
and  fishing  tackle,  and  lived  mainly  on  fish,  Indian  corn,  and  fruit. 
Their  huts  were  well  built,  and  were  made  of  the  bark  and  leaves  of 
the  palm,  as  those  of  poor  Cubans  now  are;  they  were  not  arranged 
in  village  streets,  but  scattered  about  irregularly,  very  much  as  shown 
in  the  picture  of  the  village  of  Dimas,  Province  of  Pinar  del  Pio, 
opposite  page  68. 

They  cultivated  cotton,  Indian  corn,  the  potato,  tobacco,  the  pine¬ 
apple,  and  manioc,  all  of  which  were  indigenous,  and  had  a  rude  pottery 
and  some  stone  weapons,  but  no  domesticated  animals  except  the  dog. 
Other  domestic  animals,  as  also  the  orange,  the  lemon,  and  the  sugar 
cane,  were  introduced  afterwards  by  the  Spaniards. 

The  disappearance  of  the  Indians,  whatever  their  number,  has  been 
attributed  to  the  combats  and  massacres  which  occurred  during  the 
exploration  and  pacification  of  the  island  by  Velasquez,  and  thereafter 
to  unaccustomed  occupations,  privations,  disease,  executions  resulting 
from  religious  fanaticism,  and  slavery,  both  foreign  and  domestic.  In 
the  colonies  the  latter  took  the  form  of  repartimientos  and  encomienda .v,1 
which,  commencing  with  grants  of  land  and  the  temporary  possession 
of  the  Indians  for  work  on  the  plantations  and  in  the  mines,  ended 
finally  in  the  slavery  of  the  entire  native  population. 

For  a  full  description  of  Indian  slavery  under  this  system,  and  its 
effect  on  the  population,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  history  of 

’A  repartimento  was  a  grant  of  land,  which  carried  with  it  the  right  to  the  labor  of 
the  Indians  occupying  it  or  living  within  a  short  distance  of  it,  at  first  for  cultivating 
the  soil.  This  privilege  was  subsequently  extended  so  that  the  Indians  could  be  used 
in  any  kind  of  labor. 

An  encomienda  was  practically  a  grant  of  Indians,  irrespective  of  the  land.  At 
first  the  grant  expired  with  the  grantee.  It  was  subsequently  extended  through  two 
or  three  lives,  and  in  effect,  became  perpetual.  As  a  result  the  Indians  were  slaves* 

24662 - 5 


66 


TCEPOKT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUE  A,  1899. 


“Spanish  Conquest  in  America,”  by  Sir  Arthur  Helps,  the  “History 
of  the  Indies,”  by  Las  Casas,  and  to  the  “Discovery  of  America,”  by 
Prof.  John  Fiske.  These  authorities  agree  in  ascribing  the  disappear¬ 
ance  of  the  Indians  largely  to  the  profligate  waste  of  native  life  by  the 
colonists  through  all  forms  of  wanton  cruelty,  oppression,  and  neglect, 
and  the  introduction  of  negro  slavery  as  the  direct  consequence  of  it. 

It  is  due  the  Spanish  Government  to  record  the  fact  that  while  at 
first  authorizing  repartvmientos ,  encomiendas ,  and  the  enslavement  of 
all  Indians  who  were  cannibals  or  taken  in  war,  it  later  spared  no 
efforts  to  mitigate  the  horrors  of  Indian  slavery,  and  finally  to  pre¬ 
vent  and  abolish  it.  These  measures  were  initiated  and  earnestly  sup¬ 
ported  by  the  Dominican  and  Franciscan  monks  and  by  the  church  in 
general.  Through  the  efforts  of  Bishop  Las  Casas  and  other  prelates 
the  laws  of  Burgos  in  1512,  and  many  orders  and  decrees  were  pro¬ 
mulgated  between  the  landing  of  Velasquez  and  the  “New  Laws”  of 
Charles  V,  1542,  for  the  protection  of  the  Indians.  The  latter  pre¬ 
scribed  “that  for  no  cause  whatever,  whether  of  war,  rebellion,  ran¬ 
som,  or  in  any  other  manner,  should  any  Indian  be  made  a  slave.” 

But  however  well  intended,  these  measures  proved  of  little  avail  in 
saving  the  Indians  of  Cuba,  as  at  that  time  very  few  remained.  It 
was  reported  to  the  Queen  in  1587  by  the  contador  of  the  island  that 
in  20  farms  visited  by  him  only  130  Indians  were  found,  including 
those  which  had  been  imported.  In  the  neighboring  island  of  San 
Domingo  at  the  date  of  its  discovery  there  were,  according  to  Las 
Casas,  about  3,000,000  Indians;  according  to  the  licentiate,  Zuazo, 
1,130,000.  An  average  of  these  two  estimates  is  probably  more  exact. 
W1  len  the  treasurer,  Pasamonte,  came  to  San  Domingo  in  1508  there 
were  70,000,  and  when  Don  Diego  Columbus  was  appointed  governor 
of  San  Domingo  in  1509,  40,000.  According  to  Sir  Arthur  Helps  the 
number  of  Indians  in  San  Domingo  in  1514,  as  determined  by  a  repar¬ 
tition  of  the  Indians  made  by  Rodrigo  Albuquerque,  who  was  sent 
there  by  the  King  for  that  purpose,  was  between  thirteen  and  four¬ 
teen  thousand.  By  this  repartition  the  Indians  were  practically 
enslaved  for  life,  as  they  were  given  for  the  life  of  the  person  to 
whom  Albuquerque  made  the  repartimien to ,  and  for  the  life  of  his 
next  heir,  whether  son  or  daughter.  After  this  there  were  numbers 
of  repartitions  or  divisions  of  Indians  among  the  Spaniards,  resulting 
in  their  rapid  diminution,  owing  to  changes  of  climate,  changes  of 
occupation,  and  of  masters,  and  the  indifference  of  the  latter  to  the 
welfare  of  the  Indians. 

The  difficulty  about  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  and  royal  instruc¬ 
tions  and  orders  for  the  freedom  and  protection  of  the  Indians  appears 
to  have  been  their  vague  or  ambiguous  meaning,  which  enabled 
unprincipled  and  rapacious  officials  to  construe  them  as  they  wished, 
and  the  fact  that  the  Crown  and  nearly  all  the  officials  of  the  govern- 


CITY  OF  BARACOA  AND  HARBOR  ENTRANCE. 


COLORED  POPULATION. 


67 


mcnt,  colonial  and  peninsular,  held  repart imien tos  or  encomiendas  of 
Indians  or  held  them  for  personal  services.  The  new  laws  had  in 
view  the  prevention  of  Indian  slavery,  but  they  were  partially  revoked 
in  1545,  and  encomiendas  were  continued  in  the  islands  until  the 
Indians  had  disappeared,  and  on  the  Spanish  main  until  the  reign  of 
Charles  III,  when  the  system  was  abolished,  1759-1788. 

Under  the  ro}^al  decree  of  1854  promulgating  regulations  for  the 
importation  of  “colonists”  into  Cuba,  a  number  of  native  Yucatan 
Indians  were  brought  to  Cuba,  and  some  of  them  no  doubt  married 
Cuban  women.  At  all  events,  one  Indian  woman  is  reported  by  the 
enumerator  of  the  Zapata  Swamp  as  living  with  a  colored  Cuban. 
There  are  doubtless  remnants  of  these  Indians  still  in  Cuba,  but  of 
the  native  Cuban  Indians  no  traces  have  been  found  in  the  course  of 
this  census,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  any  exist. 

BLACK  POPULATION. 

The  importation  of  negro  slaves  into  the  West  Indies  commenced 
some  years  before  the  extinction  of  the  Indians  and  was  stimulated  by  it. 
In  a  letter  of  instructions  from  the  King  to  Ovando,  Governor  of  Santo 
Domingo,  in  1501,  Jews,  Moors,  and  new  converts  were  prohibited 
from  going  to  the  Indies;  but  an  exception  was  made  in  the  case  of 
negro  slaves,  who  were  allowed  to  pass,  the  officers  of  the  royal  reve¬ 
nue  to  receive  the  money  paid  for  their  permits. 

Again,  in  1505,  in  a  letter  to  Ovando,  King  Ferdinand  Avrote:  “I 
will  send  more  negro  slaves,  as  }tou  request.  I  think  there  may  be 
100  at  each  time.”  The  Spaniards  were  familiar  with  negro  slavery, 
the  slave  trade  having  been  carried  on  by  Portugal  since  1442.  They 
had  discovered  the  capacity  of  the  negro  for  work,  his  patience  and 
endurance,  and  his  superiority  to  the  West  Indian  as  a  laborer  in  the 
mines  and  fields. 

The  first  license  to  import  negroes  into  the  West  Indies  was  given 
by  Charles  V  in  1517  to  Governor  de  Bresa,  grand  master  of  the  King’s 
household,  for  the  importation  of  8,000  slaves  in  eight  years,  1,000  to 
go  to  Cuba.  A  second  monopoly  on  the  same  terms  and  for  the  same 
number  was  given  him  in  1523,  but  this  grant  was  revoked  and  a  license 
given  to  import  750  men  and  750  women,  300  to  go  to  Cuba.  In  1527 
1,000  negroes  were  imported  into  Cuba,  and  again  in  1528  a  license  was 
given  to  import  4,000  negroes  into  the  Indies. 

In  1536  a  monopoly  was  granted  to  import  into  the  Indies  4,000 
males  and  1,000  females,  and  again  in  1542  one  for  23,000,  a  portion 
of  each  to  go  to  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Santo  Domingo.  The  annual 
importation  into  Santo  Domingo  under  license  was  about  2,000,  and  the 
same  number  were  smuggled.  It  was  estimated  by  one  of  the  King’s 
chaplains, who  traversed  the  island  of  Santo  Domingo  in  1542,  that  there 
were  30,000  negro  slaves  in  the  island.  As  up  to  the  year  1763  the 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  181)9. 


68 


people  were  engaged  almost  exclusively  in  cattle  raising,  very  few 
slaves  were  imported  prior  to  that  date,  at  which  time  it  is  said  there 
were  not  more  than  32,000  slaves  in  the  island. 

The  number  of  slaves  imported  between  1521  and  1763  is  estimated 
by  Humboldt  at  60,000,  and  by  1790  at  90,875.  From  1790  to  1820 
the  importation  of  slaves  into  Habana,  as  shown  by  the  returns  of  the 
custom-house,  was  225,575,  to  which  should  be  added  one-fourth  for 
those  smuggled,  making  the  total  importation  from  1521  to  1820, 
372,449.  Between  this  date  and  1853  it  is  estimated  that  there  were 
271,659  importations,  lawful  and  contraband,  a  total  of  644, 108,  about 
one- third  being  females. 

From  1853  to  1880,  when  the  slave  trade  was  finally  suppressed,  over 
200,000  slaves  were  smuggled  into  the  island,  making  a  grand  total  of 
between  950,000  and  1,000,000. 

It  is  not  proposed  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  Cuban  slave  trade 
or  of  negro  slavery  in  the  island.  While  it  was  fraught  with  all  the 
horrors  of  this  nefarious  business  elsewhere,  the  laws  for  the  protec¬ 
tion  of  slaves  were  unusually  humane.  Almost  from  the  beginning 
slaves  had  a  right  to  purchase  their  freedom  or  change  their  masters, 
and  long  before  slavery  was  abolished  the}7  could  own  property  and 
contract  marriage.  As  a  result  the  proportion  of  free  colored  to  slaves 
has  always  been  large.  Of  the  efforts  to  abolish  the  slave  trade  in 
Cuba  much  might  be  written;  it  is  sufficient  for  this  report  to  state 
the  principal  facts. 

By  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  1815,  to  which  Spain  was  a  party,  slavery 
was  abolished.  By  a  treaty  with  England  signed  September  24,  1817, 
Spain  agreed  to  stop  the  slave  trade  May  30,  1820,  in  consideration  of 
the  sum  of  £400,000.  Again,  on  June  28,  1835,  another,  treaty  was 
made  with  England  abolishing  the  slave  trade.  In  addition  to  these 
treaties  the  Spanish  Government  promulgated  several  decrees  and  laws 
after  1835  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade  and  the  abolition  of 
slavery.  Despite  these  measures,  however,  and  the  active  cooperation 
of  the  native  Cubans,  who  were  zealously  opposed  to  the  slave  trade, 
and  the  repeated  protests  of  the  British  Government,  it  continued  to 
1880  with  but  little  interruption.  The  correspondence  between  Eng¬ 
land  and  Spain  fully  explains  the  failure  of  Spain  to  enforce  her  laws 
and  treaty  engagements. 


Under  what  is  now  known  as  the  Moret  law,  enacted  by  the  Spanish 
Cortes  July  4,  1870,  the  gradual  abolition  of  slavery  was  commenced. 
The  civil  war  in  the  United  States  and  the  Cuban  insurrection  of 
1868-78  hastened  it,  as  did  the  law  of  February  13,  1880,  which  abol¬ 
ished  slavery.  Nevertheless,  it  continued  in  remote  parts  of  the  island 
for  several  years  thereafter,  although  generallv  abolished  by  the  year 


1887. 


Further  on  in  this  report  the  number  and  literacy,  age,  sex,  and 


w-n 


DIMAS,  A  VILLAGE  IN  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


CHINESE. 


69 


occupation  of  the  colored  population  and  the  provinces  in  which  they 
are  most  numerous  are  stated.  Their  condition  for  many  years  has 
been  far  better  than  the  colored  population  of  our  Southern  States  or 
of  an}7  of  the  West  India  Islands  under  foreign  control,  and  their  per¬ 
sonal  privileges  much  greater.  No  hard  and  fast  u color  line”  has 
separated  the  colored  and  white  Cuban  population,  although  outside 
of  the  Cuban  army  there  has  not  been  much  of  what  may  be  called 
social  intercourse;  but  in  respect  to  all  public  benefits,  whether  eccle¬ 
siastical,  civil,  or  military,  they  have  had  about  the  same  consideration 
from  the  Spanish  Government  as  the  white  Cubans. 

No  doubt  the  free  association  of  colored  and  white  Cubans  resulted 
largely  from  the  common  struggle  in  which  they  were  engaged  against 
Spain,  and  the  fact  that  the  laws  made  no  discrimination  between 
them.  Colored  men  made  up  a  large  proportion  of  the  Cuban  army 
of  1895-98,  some  of  them,  like  Antonio  Maceo,  holding  high  rank. 

While  the  statistics  of  Cuba  show  a  larger  proportion  of  colored 
than  white  criminals,  the  colored  population  are  in  some  respects 
superior  to  the  colored  population  of  our  Southern  States,  being  more 
self-reliant,  temperate,  frugal,  and  intelligent,  and  since  the  abolition 
of  slavery  showing  a  strong  desire  to  own  their  homes,  to  educate  their 
children,  and  to  improve  their  condition.  In  certain  kinds  of  agricul¬ 
ture  they  are  preferred  to  any  other  race,  and  in  every  discussion  of 
the  labor  question  in  Cuba  they  must  be  seriously  considered. 


CHINESE. 

While  the  number  of  Chinese  in  the  island  is  now  insignificant  and 
they  have  ceased  to  attract  much  attention  as  a  separate  race,  a  short 
account  of  their  appearance,  increase,  and  disappearance  may  be  not 
without  interest. 

When  the  law  of  1845  suppressing  the  slave  trade  was  promulgated, 
the  u  Junta  de  Foment o”  or  official  board  of  agriculture  in  Habana, 
decided  to  send  an  agent  to  China  to  contract  for  Chinese  u colonists” 
(coolies).  The  first  shipload  of  male  Chinese  arrived  in  1847,  under 
contract.  This  contract  bound  the  Chinese  to  service  for  a  term  of 
eight  years.  In  consideration  they  were  to  receive  from  20  to  30 
cents  j>er  diem ,  II  pounds  of  salted  or  jerked  beef,  and  II  pounds  of 
potatoes  or  other  farinaceous  food,  and  two  cotton  suits  annually. 
Each  was  to  be  furnished  with  a  blanket  and  medical  attendance. 

For  several  years  the  trade  in  Chinese  languished;  28  per  cent  of 
the  first  cargo  died  from  the  effects  of  the  voyage,  change  of  climate, 
food,  and  excessive  labor,  and  some  committed  suicide  in  the  belief 
that  after  death  they  would  be  miraculously  returned  to  their  homes 
in  China.  The  experiment  of  Chinese  immigration  had  apparently 
failed,  but  in  1853  it  was  revived  by  the  importation  of  5,150  Chinese, 
of  whom  843,  or  19  per  cent,  died  en  route. 


70 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


On  March  22,  1854,  a  royal  decree  was  issued  promulgating  regula¬ 
tions  for  the  importation  and  management  of  u colonists"  from  Spain, 
China,  and  Yucatan.  But  as  pointed  out  by  Lord  Howden,  English 
minister  to  Spain,  in  a  letter  of  October  6,  1854,  to  Senor  Pecheco, 
Spanish  minister  of  foreign  affairs,  contracts  under  this  decree  meant 
slavery  for  the  Chinese  as  the  period  of  service  was  not  mentioned. 

On  June  6,  1860,  another  royal  decree  regulating  the  importation  of 
Chinese  was  promulgated,  and  while  it  was  evidently  designed  to  pro¬ 
tect  the  Chinese  against  personal  abuse,  privation,  or  cruelty,  Para¬ 
graph  VI I  made  them  apprentices,  or  what  was  the  same  thing,  slaves, 
as  long  as  they  remained  in  the  island  unless  they  were  able  to  ransom 
themselves,  and  this,  under  the  conditions  imposed,  was  practically 


impossible. 

On  October  10,  1864,  a  treaty  between  China  and  Spain  regulating 
emigration  between  the  two  countries,  as  well  as  the  reciprocal  employ¬ 
ment  of  the  subjects  of  one  state  b}1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  those  of  another  was  signed  at 
Tientsin.  Articles  IV  and  X  of  this  treaty  permitted  Chinese  with 
their  families  to  embark  from  any  open  port  of  China,  whereas,  prior 
to  this  time  embarkation  was  restricted  to  the  port  of  Macao.  All 
Chinese  were  landed  in  Habana. 

The  contracts  to  be  made  under  this  treaty  were  to  include  the 
following  items: 


1.  The  age,  sex,  and  place  of  birth  of  the  colonist. 

2.  The  time  for  which  the  contract  is  to  be  in  force. 

3.  The  wages,  kind,  quantity  and  quality  of  food  and  clothing  he  is  to  receive. 

4.  The  obligation  to  afford  him  medical  attendance  during  illness. 

5.  Whether  the  wages  were  to  he  stopped  during  the  illness  of  the  colonist  from 
any  cause  not  connected  with  his  work,  or  independent  of  the  will  of  the  master. 

6.  The  hours  of  work  and  whether  the  master  can  increase  them  if  a  proportionate 
reduction  were  to  be  made  on  other  days. 

7.  The  obligation  of  the  colonist  to  indemnify  the  master  for  hours  of  labor  lost  to 
him  by  the  fault  of  the  colonist. 

8.  The  obligation  of  the  same  colonist  to  subject  himself  to  the  discipline  of  the 
estate,  workshop,  or  establishment  in  which  he  might  labor. 

9.  A  clause  in  these  terms,  “  I,  A.  B.,  assent  to  the  rate  of  wages  above  stipulated, 
although  I  know  that  the  free  laborers  and  slaves  of  the  island  get  much  greater, 
because  I  consider  this  difference  to  be  compensated  by  the  other  advantages  which 
my  master  has  to  afford  me  as  stated  in  this  contract.” 

10.  The  signature  of  the  colonist,  if  he  can  write,  and  that  of  the  contractor. 


'  The  treaty  contained  many  other  provisions,  and  among  them  the 
right  of  the  colonist  to  purchase  his  discharge,  or,  in  short,  to  ransom 
himself.  Of  course  it  was  not  contemplated  that  under  this  treaty 
Chinese  contractors  would  import  Cubans  into  China,  and  therefore 
the  terms  of  the  contract  were  all  in  favor  of  the  master  as  against 
the  apprentice.  For  example,  the  terms  specifying  the  hours  of  labor, 
etc.,  placed  the  latter  absolutely  in  the  power  of  the  contractor,  who,  as 
he  kept  the  records,  could  easily  bring  the  Chinaman  so  irretrievably 


NATIVE  WHITE  FAMILY. 


NATIVE  COLORED  FAMILY. 


CHINESE. 


71 


into  bis  debt  for  time  lost  that  his  freedom  by  purchase,  or  even  after 
the  expiration  of  the  original  term,  was  improbable  if  not  impossible. 

As  many  of  the  Chinese  had  become  fugitives,  instructions  for  a 
general  enrollment  of  Chinese  were  issued  December  31,  1868,  and 
again  December  13,  1871.  By  a  royal  decree  of  1870  Chinese  who 
had  been  discharged  after  fulfilling  the  terms  of  their  contract  were 
permitted  to  remain  in  the  island,  whereas  prior  to  this  they  were 
obliged  to  leave  or  be  reindentured. 

Between  1853  and  1873  there  were  shipped  from  China  to  Cuba 
132,435  Chinese,  of  whom  3,973 — 13  per  cent — died  en  route  or  shortly 
after  their  arrival.  These  losses,  the  large  number  of  fugitives,  the 
willingness  of  free  negroes  to  work,  the  immigration  of  other  coolies, 
the  continuation  of  the  slave  trade,  which  appeared  to  thrive  notwith¬ 
standing  the  attempts  to  stop  it,  seem  to  have  put  a  stop  to  the  impor¬ 
tation  of  Chinese,  which  ceased  in  1873. 

By  a  convention  between  China  and  Spain,  signed  at  Pekin  Novem¬ 
ber  17,  1877,  the  emigration  of  Chinese  subjects  under  contract  as 
authorized  in  Article  X  of  the  treaty  of  1864  was  discontinued,  and 
the  emigration  of  Chinese  into  Cuba  or  elsewhere  was  declared  free, 
Chinese  subjects  in  Cuba  to  be  treated  as  the  subjects  of  the  most 
favored  nation,  thus  permitting  them  to  leave  the  island  unless  under 
judicial  supervision.  It  was  also  agreed  on  the  part  of  Spain  to  expa¬ 
triate  at  its  own  expense  all  Chinese  who  formerly  had  literary  occu¬ 
pation  or  an  official  position  in  China,  and  their  families,  also  old  men 
unable  to  work,  and  Chinese  orphan  girls. 

Owing  to  the  large  percentage  of  criminals  among  the  Chinese,  a 
decree  was  issued  October  15,  1878,  by  the  captain-general  requiring 
all  Chinese  whose  contracts  had  been  terminated  to  either  recontract 
or  leave  the  island  within  two  months. 

By  the  census  of  1861  the  number  of  Chinese  is  stated  to  be  34,834, 
of  whom  57  were  women.  On  December  31, 1877  there  were  43,811. 
Whether  this  is  the  maximum  number  of  Chinese  in  the  island  at  any 
one  period  can  not  be  determined. 

Their  gradual  disappearance  has  been  attributed  to  many  causes, 
among  them  the  suppression  of  negro  slavery,  the  large  number  of 
free  black  and  colored  Cubans  willing  to  work,  and  their  superiority 
as  laborers  over  the  Chinese,  the  low  wages  paid  them,  the  excessive 
labor  imposed  on  them,  and  the  frequent  insurrections  which  disturbed 
the  island.  Be  this  as  it  may,  Chinese  immigration  had  practically 
ceased  in  1873,  and  the  few  who  now  remain  in  the  island  are  mainly 
old  men,  employed  as  truck  gardeners,  laundrymen,  or  day  laborers. 
The  small  number  of  women  as  compared  with  the  number  of  men 
resulted  probably  from  restrictions,  which  in  the  beginning  not  only 
prevented  women  from  leaving  China,  but  from  landing  in  Cuba. 


72 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


Discussion  of  the  Population. 


THE  TOTAL  POPULATION. 


The  total  population  of  Cuba,  including  the  Isle  of  Pines  and  the 
neighboring  keys,  was,  on  October  16,  1899,  1,572,797. 1 

The  latest  prior  census  was  taken  under  Spanish  authority  in  1887. 
The  total  population  as  returned  by  that  census  was  1,631,687. 
Whether  that  census  was  correct  may  be  a  matter  of  discussion,  but  if 
incorrect,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  certainly  not  overstated. 

Comparing  the  total  population  of  these  two  censuses,  it  is  seen  that 
the  loss  in  the  twelve  years  intervening  amounted  to  58,895,  or  3.6  per 
cent  of  the  population  in  1887.  This  loss  is  attributable  to  the  recent 
civil  war  and  the  reconcentration  policy  accompanying  it,  but  the  fig¬ 
ures  express  only  a  part  of  the  loss  from  this  cause.  Judging  from 
the  earlier  history  of  the  island  and  the  excess  of  births  over  deaths, 
as  shown  by  the  registration  records,  however  imperfect  they  may  be, 
the  population  probably  increased  from  1887  up  to  the  beginning  of 
the  war,  and  at  the  latter  epoch  reached  a  total  of  little  less  than 
1,800,000.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  direct  and  indirect 
losses  bv  the  war  and  the  reconcentration  policy,  including  a  decrease 
of  births  and  of  immigration  and  an  increase  of  deaths  and  of  emigra¬ 
tion,  reached  a  total  not  far  from  200,000. 

The  earliest  census  of  Cuba  of  which  there  is  record  was  taken  in 
1774.  Others  were  taken  in  1792,  1817,  1827,  1841,  1861,  1877,  and 
1887.  The  following  table  shows  the  population  at  each  of  these  suc¬ 
cessive  censuses,  with  the  absolute  increase  in  intervening  periods  and 
the  average  rate  of  increase  per  decade: 


Year. 

Po  pula- 
tion. 

Increase. 

Rate  of 
increase 
per 

decade. 

Year. 

Popula¬ 

tion. 

Increase. 

Rate  of 
increase 
per 

decade. 

1775  . 

171, 620 
272, 300 
672, 363 
704, 486 

1841 . 

1,007,624 

303, 138 
388,906 
112,761 

29 

1792  . 

100,680 
300,063 
132, 123 

31 

1861 . 

1,  396i  530 
1,509,291 
1,631,687 

18 

1817 . 

34  | 

1877 . 

6 

1827  . 

23  1 

1887 . 

122, 396 

8 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  increase  between  1774  and  1792  was  at  the 
average  rate  of  31  per  cent  per  decade;  from  1792  to  1817,  twenty-five 
years,  the  rate  of  increase  was  34  per  cent  per  decade;  in  the  ten  years 


1  All  statements  of  population  presented  in  this  volume  refer  to  the  organization  of 
the  island  as  it  existed  at  the  date  of  the  census,  October  16,  1899.  Many  changes 
have  been  made  since  that  date  in  the  number  and  limits  of  municipal  districts,  but 
it  would  be  obviously  impossible  to  modify  the  census  figures  to  accord  with  these 
changes.  Such  modifications  might  be  made  in  the  total  population,  but  it  would  be 
impossible  to  carry  them  through  the  classifications  of  the  population  by  sex,  age, 
race,  conjugal  condition,  nativity,  etc.,  since  the  changes  have  been  made,  as  a 
rule,  by  using  the  ward  as  a  unit,  while  the  classifications  of  the  population  have  not 
been  made  in  terms  of  this  small  unit. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


A  Hoen  &  Co  Bal*o*Li*h 


DENSITY  OF  POPULATION. 


73 


between  1817  and  1827  it  was  23  per  eent,  and  in  the  fourteen  years 
between  1827  and  18-11  it  was  29  per  cent.  Then  from  1841  to  1861 
the  rate  of  increase  stood  at  18  per  cent  per  decade,  and  between  1861 
and  1887  it  dropped  to  5  and  8  per  cent.  The  small  rate  of  increase 
in  the  period  last  mentioned  was  doubtless  due  in  great  part  to  the 
ten  years’  war  which  occurred  within  this  period. 

The  rate  of  increase  between  1774  and  1841  compares  quite  favor¬ 
ably  with  the  rates  of  increase  in  the  United  States,  which  prior  to 
1870  ranged  from  32  to  35  per  cent  per  decade.  Such  rates  of  increase 
are  very  large  and  are  commonly  found  only  in  regions  which  are 
sparsely  populated,  where  the  population  is  under  little  or  no  pressure 
for  obtaining  means  of  livelihood.  The  rapid  and  great  diminution  in 
the  rate  of  increase  after  1861  is,  however,  by  no  means  accounted  for 
by  the  increase  in  density  of  population,  and  the  reasons  therefor  must 
be  sought  for  among  the  extraordinary  causes,  such  as  pestilence, 
war,  etc. 

The  distribution  of  these  losses  in  population  between  1887  and  1899 
is  also  brought  out  by  the  following  statements:  In  the  province  of 
Habana  there  was  a  loss  in  28  districts  and  a  gain  in  but  8;  in  Matan- 
zas  a  loss  in  20  and  a  gain  in  3;  in  Pinar  del  Rio  17  districts  lost  popu¬ 
lation  and  but  3  gained;  in  Santa  Clara  the  numbers  which  lost  and 
gained  were  equal,  while  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago  there  was  a 
gain  in  every  district. 

Summing  up  the  districts  of  the  island,  79  lost  population,  while 
only  47  gained,  the  remaining  6  districts  being  new  ones,  formed  since 
1887,  and  here  included  in  those  from  which  thev  were  formed.  These 
facts  are  set  forth  in  detail  in  Table  III. 

The  map  opposite  page  72  shows  the  increase  and  decrease  of  the 
population  of  Cuba  by  municipal  districts,  the  areas  colored  red  being 
those  in  which  the  population  has  suffered  a  loss  since  the  Spanish 
census  of  1887,  and  those  colored  blue  where  it  has  made  a  gain. 

It  is  seen  that  the  losses  are  confined  to  the  four  western  provinces, 
the  districts  of  the  two  eastern  provinces  having  without  exception 
gained  in  population.  The  districts  in  the  four  western  provinces 
which  have  gained  are  of  two  classes:  First,  those  in  which  the  recon- 
centrados  were  collected;  and,  second,  those  remote  districts  from 
which  there  was  little  or  no  reconcentration,  and  into  which  presum¬ 
ably  the  people  fled  for  refuge.  This  is  the  case  with  the  districts  in 
the  western  part  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  along  the  south  shore,  including 
the  great  Zapata  Swamp.  The  north  shore  of  Santa  Clara,  too,  is  in 
the  main  a  region  in  which  the  population  has  increased. 

DENSITY  OF  POPULATION. 

The  area  of  Cuba  is  and  can  be  known  only  approximately  because 
its  limits  have  never  been  mapped  with  any  approach  to  accuracy. 
Measurements  based  upon  different  maps  show  wide  variations  in  the 


74 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


area  of  the  island  and  its  provinces.  To  illustrate  the  differences  in 
published  areas  of  the  island  the  following  are  given: 


Square  miles. 

Johnson’s  Encyclopedia . . .  43,  220 

Lippincott’s  Gazetteer . 43,319 

Chambers’s  Encyclopedia .  40,000 

Appleton’s  Encyclopedia .  43,319 

Reel  us .  45,883 

Cuba,  Past  and  Present .  35,  000 

Cuba,  by  Win,  J.  Clark .  43,  500  to  47,  000 

Stanford’s  Compendium  of  Geography  and  Travel .  43,000 

Our  Island  Empire,  Morris .  .  48,447 

The  Island  of  Cuba,  Rowan  &  Ramsay .  45,  000 

Industrial  Cuba,  Porter .  47,  338 


Measurements  made  in  this  office  from  different  maps  show  similar 
ditfefences.  Measurements  made  from  Chart  E,  United  States  Coast 
and  Geodetic  Survey,  give  for  Cuba  and  the  Isle  of  Pines  46,575 
square  miles;  the  chart  published  by  the  Hydrographic  Office  in  1896 
gives  45,883  square  miles;  the  map  of  the  Information  Division  of  the 
War  Department,  scale,  1: 500,000,  gives  44,000  square  miles.  Assum¬ 
ing  this  to  be  as  good  a  map  as  we  have,  where  all  are  poor,  the  areas 
of  the  provinces,  of  the  municipal  districts,  and  of  many  of  the  barrios 
or  wards  have  been  measured  upon  it,  the  lines  of  the  districts  and 
wards  having  been  laid  down  by  the  supervisors  of  census.  The 
areas  of  the  provinces  are  as  follows,  with  the  total  population  and 
the  number  of  inhabitants  per  square  mile: 


Province. 

Area. 

Inhabitants 
per  square 
mile. 

Habana . 

Sq.  miles. 

2, 772 

153 

Matanzas . 

3^  700 

55 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

5, 000 
10,  500 

35 

Puerto  Principe . 

8 

Santa  Clara . 

9,500 

37 

Santiago . 

12; 408 

26 

Habana,  with  the  densest  population,  is  as  thickly  inhabited  as  the 
State  of  Connecticut,  and  Puerto  Principe,  the  most  sparsely  popu¬ 
lated,  is  in  this  respect  comparable  with  the  State  of  Texas. 

The  great  difference  in  density  of  population  in  the  different  prov¬ 
inces  is  in  part  due  to  the  presence  of  large  cities,  especially  in  the 
case  of  Habana.  Still,  after  excluding  the  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants 
or  more,  notable  differences  are  seen  to  exist,  as  shown  below: 


Rural  inhabitants  to  a  square  mile. 


Habana . 55.  3 

Matanzas .  39.  0 

Pinar  del  Rio .  32.  8 


Puerto  Principe .  6.  0 

Santa  Clara .  28.  5 

Santiago . 21.7 


P 


Puerto  Principe,  with  but  6  rural  inhabitants 
astoral  province. 


to  a  square  mile,  is  a 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA.  1899 


A.  Hoen  &  Co  Balto'  Lith 


DENSITY  OF  POPULATION. 


75 


The  map  on  page  74  shows  the  density  of  the  rural  population, 
grouped  in  certain  grades,  which  are  expressed  by  color  distinctions. 
The  method  of  preparation  of  this  map  was  as  follows:  The  area  of  the 
municipal  districts,  and  of  the  wards  in  cases  where  the  districts  are 
large,  were  measured  by  planimeter  on  the  map  of  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment,  as  was  stated  above. 

The  population  of  all  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants  and  more  was  sub¬ 
tracted  from  that  of  the  districts  or  wards,  the  remainder  being 
regarded  for  this  purpose  as  rural  population.  This  rural  population 
was  then  divided  by  the  area  and  the  results  platted  on  the  map.  In 
sketching  the  lines  separating  bodies  of  population  of  different  density 
regard  was  had  to  geographic  considerations  affecting  the  distribution 
of  population  within  the  districts,  such  as  the  existence  of  swamps, 
mountain  ranges,  etc.  Hence  the  lines  separating  bodies  of  popula¬ 
tion  of  different  degrees  of  density  are  not  exactly  those  which  would 
be  indicated  by  the  figures. 

The  salient  features  of  the  map  are  as  follows: 

The  presence  of  several  small  bodies  of  very  dense  population,  90  or 
more  to  a  square  mile  in  Habana  and  Matanzas  provinces,  and  one 
small  area  of  similar  density  in  the  western  part  of  Pinar  del  Rio;  a 
dense  population  generall}7  throughout  Habana  and  Matanzas  provinces, 
becoming  less  dense  to  the  east  in  Santa  Clara,  and  to  the  west  in 
Pinar  del  Rio.  Toward  the  western  part  of  Pinar  del  Rio  the  density 
increases  and  then  diminishes  again  near  the  west  end  of  the  island. 
The  eastern  part  of  Santa  Clara  is  not  heavily  populated,  while  in 
Puerto  Principe  the  population  is  sparse.  The  density  increases  again 
in  Santiago  but  not  uniformly.  Indeed,  the  population  in  Santiago 
province  is  distributed  with  the  greatest  irregularity.  The  keys  bor¬ 
dering  the  north  coast  and  the  marshes  on  the  south  coast,  the  Sierra 
Maestra,  and  most  of  the  Isle  of  Pines  are  very  sparsely  populated. 

The  density  of  population  of  municipal  districts  with  their  areas  is 
presented  in  Table  V. 

The  following  table  presents  (1)  the  distribution  of  the  rural  popula¬ 
tion,  in  areas  of  differing  density,  corresponding  with  those  repre¬ 
sented  on  the  map;  (2)  the  percentage  of  the  rural  population  in  each 
of  these  areas;  (3)  the  number  of  square  miles  of  each  such  area;  and 
(4)  the  percentage  which  each  area  bears  to  the  area  of  Cuba: 


Persons  to  a  square  mile. 

Rural  popu¬ 
lation 
(in  thou¬ 
sands)  . 

Percentage 
of  total 
rural  pop¬ 
ulation. 

Area 
(square 
miles) . 

Percentage 
of  total 
area. 

I  2 . 

4,259 

6,230 

9  9 

|  2-6 . 

85 

0.8 

14.6 

6-18 . 

2, 123 

20 

14,016 

32.7 

18-45 . 

3, 051 

28.8 

13, 140 

30.7 

45-90 . 

3, 340 

31.5 

4, 184 

9.8 

90+ . 

2,010 

18.9 

1,031 

2.4 

76 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


URBAN  POPULATION. 


In  connection  with  the  population  of  cities,  it  must  be  understood 
that  the  cities  of  Cuba  have  no  corporate  limits  separating  sharply 
the  urban  element  from  the  surrounding  rural  population.  The  cities, 
like  the  rural  districts,  are  divided  into  wards,  and  many  of  these 
wards  extend  from  the  borders  of  the  cities  out  into  country  districts, 
much  as  do  New  England  towns,  and  thus  include  both  urban  and  rural 
population.  On  this  account  it  is  impossible  to  state  the  population 
of  cities  with  exactness,  although  it  is  believed  that  the  best  separation 
possible  has  been  made. 

The  population  of  cities  by  the  census  of  1899  can  not  be  compared 
with  that  given  by  the  census  of  1887,  because  the  figures  of  the  latter 
embrace  the  entire  municipal  district,  including  the  city,  which  in 
most  cases  adds  to  it  a  large  population. 

Table  XV  shows  the  population  of  all  cities  of  1,000  inhabitants  or 
more  which  can  be  given  separately.  The  number  altogether  is  96, 
of  which  16  have  a  population  in  excess  of  8,000,  5  in  excess  of  25,000, 
and  1  (IXabana)  a  population  of  235,981. 

The  urban  population  of  Cuba,  including  all  cities  down  to  1,000 
inhabitants,  numbers  741,273,  or  47.1  per  cent  of  the  entire  popula¬ 
tion.  Including  in  the  urban  population  only  the  inhabitants  of  cities 
of  8,000  or  more,  as  is  done  in  the  United  States  census,  the  number 
of  the  urban  element  is  507,831,  and  the  proportion  to  the  total  popula¬ 
tion  is  32.3  per  cent.  The  corresponding  figures  in  the  United  States 
in  1890  were  29.2  per  cent. 

The  number  of  urban  inhabitants  in  each  province,  under  each  of 
the  two-  definitions  of  urban  population  used,  with  the  percentages 
of  the  total  population,  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 

Urban 
population 
in  cities  of 
1,000  or 
more. 

Percent¬ 

age. 

Urban 
population 
in  cities  of 
8,000  or 
more. 

Percent¬ 

age. 

Habana  . 

328, 947 

77. 4 

277,636 

65. 4 

Matanzas . 

103, 578 

51.2 

58,314 

28.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

22, 337 

12.9 

8,880 

5.1 

Puerto  Principe . 

35,543 

40.1 

25, 102 

28.4 

Santa  Clara . 

141,131 

39.5 

80, 345 

22. 5 

Santiago . 

108, 747 

33.2 

57,554 

17.5 

A  striking  feature  in  the  distribution  of  Cuban  cities  is  the  fact  that 
the  great  majority  of  them  are  situated  on  the  seacoast,  comparatively 
few  and  small  cities  being  in  the  interior.  Of  the  16  cities  of  the 
island  which  have  a  population  of  8,000  or  more  no  fewer  than  10 
are  upon  the  seacoast.  The  above  peculiarity  of  distribution  is  still 
more  marked  when  we  consider  the  population,  since  the  10  cities  upon 
the  seacoast  contain  no  fewer  than  431,063  inhabitants,  while  the  6 
interior  cities  contain  only  76,768  people. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


A  Hoen  &  Co  Balto'Lifh 


CENTER  OF  POPULATION. 


77 


The  map  opposite  page  76  shows  the  distribution  of  the  cities  of 
the  island,  the  size  of  the  colored  circles  surrounding  each  city  repre¬ 
senting,  rudely,  its  population.  In  the  case  of  Habana  the  circle  is 
necessarily  so  large  as  to  include  numerous  other  cities,  and  it  is, 
therefore,  represented  in  shading  instead  of  in  solid  color,  in  order  to 
let  the  others  appear. 

The  great  preponderance  of  Habana  over  all  the  other  cities  of  the 
island  is  forcibly  illustrated;  also  the  location  of  the  larger  cities  at 
or  close  to  the  seacoast,  the  only  large  cities  in  the  interior  being 
Puerto  Principe,  Sancti  Spiritus,  and  Santa  Clara.  In  the  interior  are 
numerous  small  cities,  which  are  abundant  in  the  provinces  of  Habana, 
Matanzas,  and  the  central  part  of  Santa  Clara.  Pinar  del  Rio  and 
Puerto  Principe  are  almost  without  cities  of  magnitude,  and  in  Santi¬ 
ago  they  are  few  in  number  and  are  widely  scattered. 

CENTER  OF  POPULATION. 

The  center  of  population  is  the  center  of  gravity  of  the  people, 
assuming  each  individual  to  have  the  same  weight  and  to  press  down¬ 
ward  with  a  force  proportional  to  his  distance  from  this  center. 

Suppose  Cuba  to  be  a  plane  surface,  without  weight,  and  to  be 
loaded  with  its  population,  distributed  as  at  the  time  of  the  census, 
then  the  island  would  be  equally  balanced  about  this  center. 

The  method  of  computing  the  center  of  population  is  as  follows: 
The  position  of  the  center  of  population  of  each  municipal  district  was 
first  estimated.  Where  the  district  was  a  small  one  and  uniformly 
populated  it  was  at  its  center  of  area.  In  case  the  district  was  large, 
or  the  population  was  distributed  unequally  over  it,  the  location  of 
its  population  center  was  estimated  after  an  examination  of  the  distri¬ 
bution  of  population  over  the  district,  as  shown  by  the  figures  for  the 
wards.  Thus,  in  the  case  of  Habana  and  Matanzas,  and  of  the  large 
municipal  districts  composing  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe,  the 
center  of  population  was  not  at  its  center  of  area,  and  such  an  examina¬ 
tion  was  made,  as  also  in  most  of  the  districts  of  Santiago  and  certain 
of  those  of  Santa  Clara. 

The  positions  of  the  centers  of  the  districts  having  been  thus  esti¬ 
mated,  a  point  was  assumed  as  a  tentative  center  of  population  of  each 
province,  lines  were  drawn  through  it  east  and  west,  north  and  south, 
and  the  distances  of  each  of  these  centers  from  this  assumed  point, 
expressed  in  terms  of  latitude  and  departure,  were  measured,  using 
the  large  War  Department  map  of  the  island.  The  population  of  each 
district  was  then  multiplied  by  its  distance  in  latitude,  whether  north 
or  south,  and  in  departure,  whether  east  or  west,  from  the  assumed 
center,  and  the  sum  of  the  products  in  each  of  the  four  directions 
obtained.  The  difference  between  the  sum  of  the  products  north  and 
south  of  the  assumed  position  divided  by  the  population  of  the  prov- 


78 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


ince  gave  a  correction  in  latitude  to  the  assumed  position.  Similarly, 
the  products  of  the  population  of  the  districts  by  the  departures  were 
summed  up  east  and  west  of  the  assumed  center,  and  the  difference 
between  them  divided  by  the  total  population  of  the  province  gave  a 
correction  in  departure  to  the  assumed  center. 

In  this  manner  the  centers  of  population  in  1899  and  in  1887  were 
obtained  for  each  of  the  6  provinces. 

The  centers  of  area  of  each  of  the  6  provinces  were  obtained  by 
a  similar  process,  using,  however,  square  miles  of  area  instead  of 
numbers  of  inhabitants. 

The  center  of  population  of  the  island  was  determined  by  a  similar 
use  of  the  centers  of  population  of  the  provinces.  For  this  purpose 
the  position  of  the  city  of  Santa  Clara  was  assumed  as  a  tentative 
center  of  population  of  the  island,  and  the  differences  of  latitude  and 
of  departure  of  the  computed  center  of  population  of  each  of  the 
provinces  from  this  assumed  point,  Santa  Clara,  were  measured,  were 
multiplied  by  the  population  of  the  provinces,  the  products  added,  and 
the  differences  between  the  sum  of  the  north  and  of  the  south  products 
obtained  and  divided  by  the  total  population  of  the  island,  giving  a 
correction  in  latitude  to  the  assumed  position.  The  correction  in 
departure  was  obtained  in  a  similar  manner. 

Thus  the  center  of  population  was  obtained  for  the  census  of  1899 
and  of  1887,  together  with  the  center  of  area  of  the  island. 

The  following  are  the  results: 


Pinar  del  Rio. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population : 

1899  . 

o  / 

22  34 

22  35 

o  / 

83  29 

1887  . 

83  23 

Center  of  area . 

22  29 

83  30 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  15  miles  northeast  of  the  cit}7 
of  Pinar  del  Rio.  It  had  moved  from  its  position  in  1887  1  mile 
south  and  6  miles  west,  owing  to  the  partial  depopulation  of  the  east¬ 
ern  part  of  the  province  by  the  civil  war.  The  center  of  area  is 
located  about  7  miles  northeast  of  the  city7  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  there¬ 
fore  about  8  miles  southwest  of  the  center  of  population  in  1899. 


Ilabanit. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899  . 

o  r 

23  02 

23  00 

22  33 

o  / 

82  21 

82  18 

82  22 

1887  . 

Center  of  area . 

CENTER  OF  POPULATION. 


79 


The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  7  miles  south  of  the  city  of 
Habana,  not  far  from  the  north  coast  and  some  distance  north  of  the 
center  of  area  of  the  province.  It  is  drawn  into  this  eccentric  posi¬ 
tion  by  the  weight  of  the  great  city  of  Habana,  in  which  are  more 
than  half  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  province.  In  1887  the  center  of 
population  was  2  miles  south  and  3  miles  east  of  its  position  in  1899. 
The  center  of  area  of  this  province  is  in  Caribbean  Sea,  being  drawn 
to  this  position  by  the  Isle  of  Pines,  which  forms  part  of  the  province. 


Matanzas. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899 . 

O  / 

22  50 

o  / 

81  21 

1887 . 

22  50 

81  22 

Center  of  area . 

22  44 

81  12 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  19  miles  southeast  of  the  city 
of  Matanzas  and  Id  miles  northwest  of  the  center  of  area,  being  to 
this  extent  eccentric  in  position.  The  center  of  population  .in  1887 
was  in  the  same  latitude  as  in  1899  and  1  mile  farther  west. 


Santa  Clara. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899 . 

o  / 

22  23 

o  t 

80  02 

1887 . 

22  23 

80  02 

('enter  of  area . 

22  19 

80  00 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  5  miles  southwest  of  the  city 
of  Santa  Clara  and  identical  with  its  position  in  1887,  indicating  that 
whatever  had  been  the  movements  of  population  in  the  intervening 
years  they  had  balanced  one  another.  The  center  of  area  was  5  miles 
nearly  southeast  of  the  center  of  population. 


Puerto  Principe. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899 . 

O  1 

21  29 

21  31 

21  32 

o  / 

78  02 

78  04 

78  07 

1887 . 

Center  of  area . 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  10  miles  northwest  of  the  city 
of  Puerto  Principe,  and  it  had  since  1887  moved  3  miles  in  a  south¬ 
easterly  direction.  The  center  of  area  was  but  8  miles  distant  in  a 
northwesterly  direction  from  this  center  of  population. 


80 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Santiago. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population: 

1899 . 

o  / 

20  21 

20  20 

20  22 

o  / 

76  03 

75  54 

75  54 

1887 . 

Center  of  area . 

The  center  of  population  was,  in  1899,  29  miles  northwest  of  the 
city  of  Santiago,  having  moved  in  the  preceding  twelve  years  9  miles  in 
a  direction  nearly  west.  The  center  of  area  was  in  nearly  the  same 
latitude,  but  9  miles  nearly  east  of  this  center  of  population. 

Cuba. 


Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Center  of  population : 

1899 . 

o  / 

22  15 

O  / 

80  23 

1887 . 

22  24 

80  41 

Center  of  area . 

21  51 

79  18 

The  center  of  population  in  1899  was  in  Santa  Clara  province,  30 
miles  southwest  of  the  city  of  Santa  Clara  and  8  miles  northeast  of 
Cienfuegos.  In  1887  it  was  21  miles  northwest  of  its  position  in  1899, 
showing  a  net  movement  of  the  population  in  the  twelve  intervening 
years  toward  the  southeast,  represented  by  this  24  miles  of  movement. 
The  center  of  area  is  10  miles  east-southeast  of  the  city  of  Sancti 
Spiritus,  at  a  distance  of  76  miles  east-southeast  of  the  center  of 
population  in  1899  and  100  miles  from  the  center  in  1887. 

DISTRIBUTION  IN  ALTITUDE. 

By  the  aid  of  a  sketch  map  prepared  by  Mr.  Robert  T.  Hill  it  has 
been  made  possible  to  distribute  the  population  in  elevation  above  sea 
level,  with  the  following  results: 


Altitude. 

Population. 

Percentage. 

Feet. 

-  100 

597, 000 

38.3 

100-1,000 

827,000 

53.1 

+1,000 

134,000 

8.6 

SEX. 


(See  Table  VI.) 

Cuba  had  57,613  more  males  than  females,  an  excess  equal  to  3.6  per 
cent  of  the  population.  In  this  respect  it  agrees  with  nearly  all  coun¬ 
tries  which  are  receiving  many  immigrants,  for  immigrants  to  new 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


A  Hoen  &  Co  Balto*  Li fh 


SEX. 


81 


countries  or  to  countries  of  little  industrial  development  are  predomi¬ 
nantly  men.  This  excess  of  males  in  Cuba,  therefore,  which  distin¬ 
guishes  it  from  neighboring  West  Indian  islands  like  Jamaica,  Porto 
Rico,  and  the  Bahamas,  is  evidence  that,  as  with  the  United  States, 
immigration  has  been  a  large  factor  and  emigration  a  small  factor  in 
the  growth  of  its  population. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  population  and  total  males, 
together  with  the  facts,  by  race,  for  the  censuses  selected  as  most 
trustworthy.  Where  the  information  has  not  been  found  the  space 
has  been  left  blank. 


Table  showing  population  and  number  of  males  at  successive  censuses. 


Date  of  census. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Population. 

Males. 

Population. 

Males. 

Population. 

Males. 

1775 . 

171, 620 
272, 300 
572,  363 
704,  486 
1, 007, 624 
1,396,530 
1, 509, 291 
1, 609, 075 
1,  572,  797 

96, 440 
153, 559 
257, 380 
311,051 
418, 291 
793,  484 
1,023,394 
1,102,889 
1,067,354 

55, 476 
82, 299 

75,180 
118, 741 
314, 983 
393, 435 
589, 333 
603,  046 
485, 897 
528,  798 
505, 443 

1792  . 

155, 234 

72, 935 

1817 . 

1827  . 

403, 905 
584, 097 
800, 635 
845, 595 
866, 407 
815, 205 

168, 653 
227, 144 
468, 107 
598,  395 
607, 187 
577,  807 

235, 252 
356, 953 
332, 528 
247, 200 
275, 413 
237, 398 

1841 . 

1861 . 

1877  . 

1887  . 

1899  . 

In  the  foregoing  table  the  Chinese,  in  conformity  with  the  practice 
of  Spanish  censuses,  have  been  grouped  with  the  whites.  Where  pos¬ 
sible  the  de  jure  population  has  been  given.  Hence  in  1887  the  details 
by  race  being  given  only  for  the  de  facto  population,  do  not  sum  to 
the  dejure  population  given  in  the  total  column.  From  the  preceding 
table  the  following  table  of  percentages  has  been  derived: 


Year. 

Per  cent  of  males  in — 

Total 

population. 

White 

population. 

Colored 

population. 

1775 . 

57.5 

1792 . 

57.0 

53.6 

61.4 

1827 . 

57.3 

54.2 

59.8 

1841 . 

58.0 

54.3 

60. 6 

1861 . 

57.3 

59.0 

55.1 

1877 . 

56.0 

58.5 

50.  9 

1887 . 

53.9 

55.1 

52.1 

1899 . 

51.8 

54.1 

47.0 

The  proportion  of  males  in  Cuba  apparently  reached  its  maximum 
about  the  middle  of  the  century,  when  it  was  nearly  the  same  as  that 
of  the  Pacific  coast  States  in  1890  (Washington,  02.3  per  cent;  Ore¬ 
gon,  58  per  cent;  California,  58  per  cent).  Since  then  it  has  gradu¬ 
ally  decreased  until  the  proportional  excess  of  males  was  in  1899  about 
the  same  as  in  several  States  bordering  on  the  Upper  Mississippi 
River  (Wisconsin,  51.9  per  cent;  Iowa,  52  per  cent;  Illinois,  51.6  per 
cent).  Among  the  whites  the  proportion  of  males  reached  its  maxi- 
24662 - 6 


82 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


mum  somewhat  later,  perhaps  owing  in  part  to  the  immigration  of 
many  thousand  Chinese  males  in  the  years  preceding  the  census  of 
1861.  Yet,  even  if  these  he  excluded,  the  per  cent  of  males  among  the 
true  whites  or  Caucasians  of  Cuba  in  1861  was  57.1,  or  higher  than  it 
had  been  since  the  first  census  of  the  island. 

While  the  slave  trade  was  thriving  the  excess  of  males  was  much 
greater  among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  This  suggests  that 
the  supply  of  colored  labor  was  maintained  primarily  by  importation 
rather  than  by  rearing  slave  children.  But  since  1811  the  excess  of 
colored  males  has  steadily  decreased,  and  before  the  last  census  was 
taken  it  had  disappeared.  The  increase  between  1877  and  1887  sug¬ 
gests  the  possibility  that  the  Chinese,  who  were  not  separately  returned 
in  the  census  of  1887,  may  have  been  included  at  that  time  with  the 
colored.  But  such  an  interpretation  is  doubtful.  On  comparing  the 
results  of  the  present  census  with  those  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1887 
the  excess  of  males  is  seen  to  have  decreased  rapidly  in  twelve  years. 
In  1887  the  excess  of  males  in  the  de  jure  population  was  123,739, 
while  in  1899  it  was  less  than  half  that  amount.  During  the  twelve 
years  the  number  of  males  and  of  females  apparently  changed  in  oppo¬ 
site  directions,  that  of  the  females  having  increased  by  nearly  15,000 
(14,924),  and  that  of  the  males  having  decreased  by  over  50,000  (51,202). 
Thus  the  females  increased  2  per  cent  and  the  males  decreased  nearly 
6  per  cent  in  twelve  }Tears. 

The  excess  of  males  in  1899  was  distributed  through  the  provinces* 1 
as  follows: 


Santa  Clara . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Habana  (excluding  city) 

Habana  city . 

Matanzas . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santiago . 

Cuba . , 


Province. 


Total  popu¬ 
lation. 


Absolute 
excess  of 
males. 


Per  cent 
that  excess 
makes  of 
total  popu¬ 


lation. 


356, 536 

21,578 

6.1 

173, 064 

10,312 

6.0 

188,  823 

8,641 

4.6 

235,  981 

10,535 

4.5 

202, 444 

6,008 

2.5 

88,234 

1, 564 

1.8 

327, 715 

—25 

1,572,797 

57, 613 

3.6 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  in  the  eastern  provinces — Puerto 
Principe  and  Santiago — the  two  sexes  were  almost  equal  in  numbers, 
and  that  the  excess  of  males  was  in  the  western  half  of  the  island, 
where  immigration  has  been  most  influential. 

The  main  point  at  which  immigrants  into  Cuba  disembark  is 
Habana.  Hence  one  would  expect  to  find  a  large  preponderance  of 

1  As  the  statistics  of  a  great  city  like  llabana  differ  w  idely  from  those  of  a  more 
scattered  population,  the  province  of  Habana  will  often  be  divided  into  twro  parts, 
the  city  and  the  rest  of  the  province. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


TOTAL  POPULATION 

CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIVITY 


HABANA 


" 

■ 

■ 

— 

MATANZAS 


.. 

— 

. t  - 

J _ 

1 

LT 

— 

PINAR  DEL  RIO 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE 


SANTA  CLARA 


NATIVE  WHITE,  MALE 
“  “  FEMALE 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  MALE 
“  “  FEMALE 


SANTIAGO 


j 

~ 

■ 

zr 

_ 

_ 

! 

j 

_ 

NEGRO,  MALE 
“  FEMALE 
MIXED,  MALE 

FEMALE 


CHINESE,  MALE 


A.  HORN  &CO  BALTIMORE 


SEX. 


83 


males  in  that  city.  The  foregoing  table,  however,  shows  that  the 
proportion  of  males  in  the  province  of  Habana,  outside  the  city,  was 
somewhat  greater  than  the  proportion  in  the  city  itself.  It  may  be 
worth  while,  therefore,  to  see  whether  other  cities  had  a  lower  pro¬ 
portion  of  males  than  the  rural  districts.  The  following  table  gives 
an  answer  to  the  question.  The  14  cities  referred  to  include  all  those 
having  a  population  exceeding  10,000,  together  with  the  city  of  Pinar 
del  Rio. 


District. 

Number  of — 

Per  cent  of — 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Fourteen  cities  separately  returned . 

Rural  districts . 

240, 852 
574, 353 

250, 652 
506, 940 

49.0 

53.1 

51.0 

46.9 

Cuba . 

815, 205 

757, 592 

51.8 

48.2 

The  excess  of  males  in  Cuba  is  thus  seen  to  hold  only  in  the  rural 
districts.  In  the  cities  there  were  nearly  10,000  more  females  than 
males,  but  in  the  country  about  67,000  more  males  than  females.  In 
an  average  group  of  1,000  city  folk  there  were  20  more  females  than 
males,  but  in  an  average  group  of  1,000  country  folk  there  were  62 
more  males  than  females. 

In  the  following  table  the  distinction  between  urban  and  rural  popu¬ 
lation  has  been  extended  to  the  provinces,  and  for  purposes  of  sim¬ 
plicity  only  the  columns  for  males  have  been  retained: 


Province. 

Number  of  males 
in — 

Per  cent  of  males 
in — 

Difference  in 
proportion  of 
males  be¬ 
tween  urban 
and  rural 
districts. 

Urban 

districts. 

Rural 

districts. 

Urban 

districts. 

Rural 

districts. 

Habana  . 

135, 552 

86, 438 

51.9 

52.8 

0.9 

Matanzas . .• . 

27, 132 

76,  594 

46.5 

53.2 

6.7 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

4,256 

87,432 

47.9 

53.3 

5.4 

Puerto  Principe . 

10,  912 

33, 987 

43.5 

53.8 

10.3 

Santa  Clara . 

36, 560 

152, 497 

45. 5 

55.2 

9.7 

Santiago . 

26, 440 

137, 405 

45.9 

50.9 

5.0 

The  difference  between  city  and  country  in  all  other  provinces  is 
several  times  as  great  as  it  is  in  Habana,  and  rises  to  a  maximum  in 
Puerto  Principe,  where  in  every  100  country  residents  there  are  10 
more  males  than  there  are  in  the  capital  city  of  that  province.  It  is 
in  Hal  Jana  province  alone  that  males  outnumber  females  in  the  cities. 
Elsewhere  they  are  in  a  decided  minority.  This  difference  may  plaus¬ 
ibly  be  connected  with  the  large  number  of  immigrants  in  the  cities 
of  that  province,  notably  in  Habana.  In  every  one  of  the  14  cities 
separately  returned,  except  Habana  and  its  suburb  Regia,  the  females 
outnumber  the  males. 


84 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


AGE. 


(See  Table  IX.) 


CUBA  AS  A  'WHOLE. 


Probably  the  best  single  and  simple  expression  for  the  age  of  a  great 
number  of  people  like  the  inhabitants  of  Cuba  or  the  United  States  is 
what  is  called  the  median  age;  that  is,  the  age  such  that  half  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  population  group  under  consideration  are  younger  and 
half  are  older.  To  compute  it  accurately  the  census  tables  should 
present  the  ages  by  single  years.  That  information  being  given,  it  is 
easy  to  ascertain  within  what  single  year  of  life  the  median  age  must 
lie.  It  is  then  assumed  that  within  the  year  of  age  thus  fixed  the  per¬ 
sons  were  evenly  distributed;  in  other  words,  that  there  were  as  many 
persons  living  in  the  first  tenth  of  the  year  or  the  first  month  as  in 
each  other  tenth  or  month.  In  this  way  the  median  age  of  the  popu¬ 
lation  of  the  United  States  in  1890  has  been  fixed  at  21.92  years.  The 
present  census  of  Cuba  reports  ages  not  by  single  years,  but,  in  most 
cases,  only  by  five-year  periods.1  Hence  to  get  the  median  age  it  has 
been  necessary  to  distribute  the  population  of  Cuba  in  a  single  five- 
year  period  to  the  several  years.  For  this  purpose  it  has  been  assumed 
that  the  number  at  each  year  of  age  in  the  five-year  group  bears  the 
same  proportion  in  Cuba,  as  in  the  United  States,  to  the  total  for  the 
five  years.  Thus  the  median  age  in  Cuba  has  been  found  to  be  20.78 
years.  That  in  Porto  Pico  is  18.18  years.  The  people  of  Cuba,  there¬ 
fore,  were  more  than  a  year  3Tounger  than  those  of  the  United  States, 
but  more  than  two  and  a  half  years  older  than  the  people  of  Porto 
Rico. 

The  median  age  is  a  summary  expression  of  the  age  constitution  and 
gives  only  a  preliminary  idea  of  the  facts.  The  analysis  is  carried  a 
step  farther  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  three  population 
groups  are  compared  in  more  detail.  Here  and  elsewhere  no  com¬ 
parison  is  made  with  Spain  because  of  the  meager  statistical  informa¬ 
tion  about  that  country.  The  table  states  the  proportion  that  the 
number  of  persons  in  each  ten-year  period  from  the  beginning  to  the 
end  of  life  made  of  the  total  population  of  all  ages. 


1  The  division  of  the  group  15-19  at  17  enables  one  to  know  the  population  of  school 
age,  5-17,  and  that  of  age  to  serve  in  the  militia,  18-44.  The  division  of  the  group 
20-24  at  20  enables  one  to  know  the  potential  voters.  The  division  of  the  group  0-4 
into  single  years  allows  a  study  of  the  balance  between  birth  rate  and  death  rate 
during  the  early  years  before  it  is  seriously  affected  by  migration. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  POPULATION 

BY  AGE  AND  SEX 


AGE  PERIODS 


COLORED  POPULATION 


A  HOEN  SCO  BALTIMORE 


AGE. 


85 


Age  constitution  of  the  population  of  Cuba  compared  with  that  of  Porto  Rico  and  the  United 

States ,  by  ten-year  age  periods. 


Age  period. 

Pe»»cent  of  total  population 
in  age  periods  named. 

Cuba 

(1899). 

Porto 

Rico 

(1899). 

United 

States 

(1890). 

0-9 . 

22. 70 

30.  84 

24. 29 

10-19 . 

25.  31 

22. 82 

21.  70 

20-29 . 

18. 46 

18. 12 

18.24 

30-39 . 

13. 88 

11.  74 

13.48 

40-49 . 

9.24 

7.41 

9.45 

50-59 . 

5.  81 

5.  06 

6. 38 

60-69 . 

3. 08 

2.63 

3.94 

70-79 . 

1.03 

.90 

1.75 

80-89 . 

.35 

.36 

.45 

90-99 . 

.11 

'•  .10 

.05 

100+ . 

.02 

.01 

.01 

Of  unknown  age . 

.01 

.01 

.26 

Total . 

100.  00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  children  under  10  in  Cuba 
was  less  than  in  the  United  States  and  much  less  than  in  Porto  Pico. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  proportion  of  persons  between  10  and  20  was 
much  higher  and  that  of  persons  between  20  and  40  somewhat  higher 
than  in  either  of  the  other  countries.  The  proportion  of  persons  in 
Cuba  between  40  and  90  was  somewhat  less  than  in  the  United  States, 
but,  with  a  slight  exception  for  the  last  ten  years,  greater  than  in 
Porto  Rico.  The  proportion  beyond  90,  which  was  larger  than  in  Porto 
Rico  or  the  United  States,  points  not  to  a  greater  proportional  number 
of  very  aged  persons  in  Cuba,  but  to  greater  errors  in  the  returns, 
whereby  the  true  age  has  been  exaggerated.  If  the  age  composition 
of  the  population  in  the  United  States  be  taken  as  a  standard,  there 
were  in  Cuba  few  children,  many  }Touth,  an  average  number  of  young 
adults,  and  a  small  number  of  persons  who  had  passed  the  meridian 
of  40.  An  accessible  summary1  giving  the  proportion  of  children 
under  10  and  of  adults  over  60  in  18  European  countries  at  the  last 
censuses  shows  that  Cuba  had  proportionally  fewer  children  under  10 
than  14  of  these  countries,  but  a  larger  per  cent  than  Belgium  (22.4), 
Switzerland  (21.7),  Ireland  (20.8),  or  France  (17.5).  The  per  cent  .of 
persons  over  60  (4.6)  was  lower  than  in  the  United  States  (6.2),  and 
that  was  lower  than  in  any  of  the  18  countries  of  Europe.  The  small 
proportion  of  aged  persons  in  the  United  States  may  be  explained  by 
the  rapid  growth  of  its  population;  but  in  Cuba,  where  the  population 
has  increased  only  4  per  cent  in  twenty-two  years,  the  cause  must  be 
sought  rather  in  unsanitary  conditions,  ignorance  regarding  care  of 
the  health,  and  poverty,  all  of  which  are  widely  prevalent  among 
certain  classes  on  the  island  and  result  in  a  short  life. 

The  analysis  may  be  carried  one  step  farther  by  finding  the  propor- 


1  Allgemeines  Statistisches  Archiv  III,  472  (1894). 


86 


•REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


tion  of  the  population  belonging  to  each  period  of  five  years  between 
birth  and  death.  The  results,  in  comparison  with  those  for  the  United 
States  and  Porto  Rico,  and  also  with  an  artificial  stationary  population 
from  which  the  errors  due  to  misstatement  of  age  or  to  uneven  growth 
of  population  have  been  excluded,  are  contained  in  the  following 
table : 


Age  constitution  of  the  population  of  Cuba  compared  with  that  of  Porto  Rico  and  the 

United  States ,  by  five-year  age  periods. 


Age  period. 

Cuba 

(1899). 

United 

States 

(1890). 

Porto 
Rico 
(1899) . 

Farr’s 

English 

life 

table. 

0-4 . 

8. 32 

12.19 

15.  78 

9.80 

5-9 . 

14.38 

12. 10 

15. 06 

8.77 

10-14 . 

13.99 

11.23 

13.05 

8. 48 

15-19 . 

11.32 

10. 47 

9.  77 

8.25 

20-24 . 

9.72 

9.89 

9.28 

7.94 

25-29 . 

8.  74 

8.35 

8.84 

7.58 

30-34 . 

7.55 

7.31 

6. 75 

7.20 

35-39 . 

6.33 

6.17 

4.99 

6.80 

40-14 . 

5. 43 

5.09 

4.64 

6.38 

45-49 . 

3. 81 

4.36 

2.  77 

5.92 

50-54 . 

3.66 

3.  71 

3. 45 

5.42 

55-59 . 

2. 15 

2. 67 

1.61 

4.85 

60-64 . 

2. 19 

2.33 

1.93 

4.16 

65-69 . 

.89 

1.61 

.70 

3.36 

70-74 . 

.75 

1.12 

.65 

2.44 

75-79 . 

.28 

.63 

.25 

1.52 

80-84 . 

.28 

.33 

.28 

.76 

85-90 . 

.07 

.12 

.08 

.28 

90-94 . . 

.08 

.04 

.07 

.07 

95-99 . 

.03 

.01 

.03 

.01 

100+ . 

.02 

.01 

.01 

.01 

Of  unknown  age . 

.01 

.26 

.01 

.00 

Total . 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

The  deficiency  in  young  children  previously  noted  is  here  more 
accurately  defined.  The  children  between  5  and  10  were  more  numer¬ 
ous  in  Cuba  than  in  the  United  States  and  not  much  fewer  than  in 
Porto  Rico,  but  the  children  under  5  were  only  about  two-thirds  as 
numerous  as  in  the  United  States  and  not  much  more  than  half  as 
numerous  as  in  Porto  Rico.  No  country  for  which  figures  are  acces- 
sible  had  so  small  a  proportion  of  children  under  5  as  Cuba.  This 
small  number  of  survivors  of  the  children  born  between  1894  and 
1899,  when  taken  in  connection  with  the  large  number  of  survivors  of 
those  born  betw’een  1889  and  1894,  must  be  attributed  to  the  economic 
and  political  misfortunes  by  which  the  island  has  been  afflicted  during 
the  past  five  years.  Compare  the  memorandum  on  vital  statistics, 
1890  to  1899,  in  Appendix  XVIII.  Such  misfortunes  usually  exercise 
more  influence  on  population  by  preventing  births  or  increasing  infant 
mortality  than  by  causing  death  of  adults.  In  every  country  in  which 
the  population  is  stationary  or  increasing  one  ordinarily  finds  that' the 
children  under  5  outnumber  those  between  5  and  10,  and  if  the  popu¬ 
lation  is  to  be  maintained  this  clearly  must  be  so.  Hence  the  number 
of  children  in  Cuba  5-9  years  of  age  may  be  deemed  a  minimum  limit  to 

v  CD  v 


AGE. 


87 


what  the  number  0-4  years  of  age  would  have  been  had  it  not  been  for 
the  recent  sufferings  of  the  island.  This  gives  the  following  estimate: 


Children  5-9 .  226,109 

Children  0-4 .  130,878 

Difference . 1 . ' .  95,229 


This  difference  of  nearly  100,000  may  approximately  represent  a 
minimum  limit  to  the  loss  of  infant  life  in  Cuba  both  by  death  and 
prevention  of  birth  consequent  upon  her  recent  sufferings. 

An  examination  of  Table  IX  shows  that  during  adult  life,  especially 
the  later  years,  the  reported  numbers  of  persons  in  Cuba  belonging  to 
the  successive  quinquennial  groups  vary  irregularly.  One  would 
expect  the  number  in  each  group  through  middle  life  to  fall  below  that 
in  the  next  younger  group  by  a  somewhat  constant  proportion.  That 
it  does  not  do  so  is  clear  from  Table  IX  but  the  fact  is  more  distinctly 
brought  out  by  the  following  derived  table: 


Number  and  per  cent  by  which  the  reported  population  at  the  aye  yroup  named  fell  below 

the  number  in  the  precediny  aye  yroup. 

\ 


Age  group. 

• 

Difference 
between  this 
group  and 
preceding 
quinquen¬ 
nial  group. 

Per  cent  that 
difference 
makes  of 
total  in  pre 
ceding  quin¬ 
quennial 
group. 

10-14 . 

-  6,060 
-42, 014 
—25,  076 
-15,  554 
-18,  593 
-19,248 
-14,072 
—25, 553 

-  2,350 

-23,830 
+  664 

-20, 402 

-  2,230 

-  7,447 

—  2.68 

15-19 . 

-19.09 

20-24 . 

—14. 09 

25-29 . 

—10.17 

30-34 . 

—13. 53 

35-39 . 

—16.  20 

40-44 . 

-14. 13 

45-49 . 

-29.  89 

50-54 . 

—  3.92 

55-59 . 

-41.38 

60-64 . 

-f  1.97 
-  59.  27 

65-69 . 

70-74 . 

-15. 90 

75^79 . 

-63. 17 

80-84 . 

-  '  4 

-  .92 

85-89 . 

-  3,161 

+  31 

-  737 

-72. 84 

90-94 . 

+  2.63 
-60.90 

95-99 . 

Such  irregularity  in  the  decrease  with  advancing  years  is  counter  to 
all  the  probabilities  in  the  case.  The  most  simple  hypothesis  that  arises 
to  explain  it  is  errors  in  the  reporting  of  ages.  Where  such  errors 
occur  they  reveal  themselves  in  the  large  number  of  persons  whose 
age  is  reported  as  a  multiple  of  5  or  especially  of  10.  Hence  quin¬ 
quennial  groups  containing  a  multiple  of  10  are  erroneously  swollen 
and  the  intervening  groups  correspondingly  diminished.  An  exami¬ 
nation  of  the  preceding  table  will  show  that  this  is  true  of  the  reported 
ages  in  Cuba.  Further  evidence  of  the  irregularity  may  be  found  in 
the  following  table.  The  number  of  persons  in  each  quinquennial  group 
has  been  compared  with  half  the  sum  of  the  numbers  in  the  groups 


88 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

immediately  preceding  and  following.  If  the  curve  representing  the 
population  by  age  groups  were  a  straight  descending  line  (for  a  station¬ 
ary  population  and  through  the  years  of  adult  life  it  closely  approaches 
a  straight  line),  the  number  thus  found  would  in  each  case  be  100  per 
cent.  The  departures  from  100  per  cent,  therefore,  in  the  following 
table  measure  approximately,  and  the  departure  from  the  figures  in 
the  first  column  measure  more  accurately,  the  irregularity  and  probable 
error  in  the  reported  ages  in  Cuba.  Columns  for  the  United  States 
and  Porto  Rico  are  introduced  for  comparison. 


Per  cent  that  'population  in  each  quinquennial  group  makes  of  the  arithmetical  mean  of 
population  in  the  next  younger  and  next  older  groups. 


Age  group. 

English 
life  table, 
No.  3. 

Cuba. 

(1899.) 

United 

States 

(1890). 

Porto 

Rico. 

(1899.) 

5-9 . 

84.2 

128.8 

103.2 

104.5 

10-14 . 

96.8 

109.0 

99.6 

105.2 

15-19 . 

100.4 

95.4 

99.2 

87.6 

20-24 . 

100.4 

97.0 

105.2 

99.8 

25-29 . 

100.2 

101.2 

97.0 

105.4 

30-34 . 

100.2 

100.4 

100.6 

97.7 

35-39 . 

100.2 

97.4 

99.6 

87.7 

40-44 . 

100.2 

107.2 

96.6 

119.6 

45-49 . • . 

100. 4 

83.8 

99.2 

68.6 

50-54 . 

100.6 

123.0 

105. 6 

157. 5 

55-59 . 

101.0 

73.4 

88.4 

59.9 

G0-G4 . 

101.4 

144.0 

108.6 

167. 9 

05-69 . •. . 

101.6 

60.6 

93.6 

54.3 

70-74 . 

100.4 

128.4 

100.0 

128.  3 

75-79 . 

95.8 

53.8 

86.8 

54.3 

80-84 . 

85.8 

157.2 

87.0 

175.0 

85-89 . 

69.6 

42.4 

66.2 

47.1 

90-94 . 

50.4 

146.4 

58.4 

140.0 

Disregarding  the  first  two  age  groups  and  finding  the  difference 
between  each  following  group  and  the  figures  in  the  first  column  gives 
a  measure  of  the  real  or  alleged  excess  or  deficiency  of  population  in 
certain  age  periods. 


Measure  of  excess  ( -f- )  or  deficiency  ( — )  of  population  in  age  group  named. 


Age  group. 

Cuba 
(1899) . 

Porto  Rico 
(1899) . 

United 

States 

(1890). 

1.5-19 . 

-  5.0 

-12. 8 

-  1.2 

20-24 . 

-  3.4 

-  .6 

+  4.8 

25-29 . 

+  1.0 

+  5.2 

-  3.2 

30-34 . 

+  .2 

-  2.5 

+  .4 

35-39 . 

-  2.8 

-12. 5 

-  .6 

40-44 . 

+  7.0 

+19.4 

-  3.6 

45-49 . 

-16.6 

-31.8 

-  1.2 

59-54 . 

+22. 4 

+56.9 

+  5.0 

55-59 . 

-  27.6 

-41.1 

-12. 6 

60-64 . 

+42.6 

+66. 5 

+  7.2 

65-69 . 

-41.0 

-47.3 

-  8.0 

70-74 . 

+28.0 

+37.9 

-  .4 

75-79 . 

42.0 

-41.5 

-  9.0 

80-84 . 

+71.4 

+89. 2 

+  1.2 

85-89 . 

-27. 2 

-22.1 

-  3.4 

90-94 . 

+90.0 

+89.6 

+  8.0 

89 


AGE. 

In  all  three  countries  the  population  in  age  groups  including  a  mul¬ 
tiple  of  10  was  usually  in  excess  and  that  in  othei  age  groups  in 
deficiency.  In  Cuba  the  deviation  from  the  standard  after  the  age  of 
30  was  greater  and  in  most  instances  many  times  greater  than  in  the 
United  States,  and  in  Porto  Rico  with  few  exceptions  it  was  much 
greater  than  in  Cuba.  In  the  United  States  where  ages  are  reported 
by  single  years  it  can  easily  be  shown  that  the  irregularity  of  the  age 
curve  is  due  to  the  reporting  of  ages  as  30,  10,  etc.,  when  the  persons 
are  near  but  not  at  those  ages.  This  tendency  is  most  marked  among 
the  uneducated.  The  preceding  table  shows  that  a  similar  tendency 
worked  in  Cuba  at  the  present  census  with  greater  effect  than  in  the 
United  States,  and  that  in  Porto  Rico  it  was  even  more  controlling 
than  in  Cuba. 

In  a  single  case  this  explanation  may  be  further  tested.  In  Table 
IX  the  number  of  persons  20  years  of  age  is  given  as  well  as  that  21-21. 
In  Farr’s  Life  Table  the  persons  20  years  of  age  are  20.3  per  cent  of 
the  total  in  the  group  20-21.  In  the  United  States  the  proportion  for 
both  sexes  was  20.  7,  but  as  males  in  the  United  States  are  fond  of  saying 
they  are  of  voting  age,  and  hence  the  year  21  is  a  favored  one  with 
them,  it  may  be  better  to  compare  the  Cuban  figures  for  this  group  with 
those  for  females  in  the  United  States.  Of  all  females  in  the  United 
States  20-21,  22.1  per  cent  reported  themselves  as  20  years  of  age. 
In  Cuba,  on  the  contrary,  of  all  persons  20-21,  26.1  per  cent  reported 
themselves  as  20.  This  confirms  the  explanation  already  offered,  that 
the  Cubans  stated  their  age  in  round  numbers  as  some  multiple  of  ten 
far  more  commonly  than  the  Americans  did  in  1890. 

Ages  under  5  by  single  years. — The  ages  under  5  are  reported  for 
each  year.  This  allows  a  study  of  the  balance  between  birth  rate  and 
death  rate  before  it  is  seriously  affected  by  migration.  The  very 
small  number  of  children  under  5  in  Cuba  has  been  shown.  But 
the  distribution  of  these  to  the  single  years  is  also  significant.  The 
following  table  gives  the  number  of  children  belonging  to  each  }rear 
and  the  ratio  of  that  number  to  the  total  under  5.  Similar  ratios  are 
included  for  the  United  States  in  1880,  when  the  form  of  the  age 
question  was  the  same  as  in  Cuba  in  1899,  and  also  for  Porto  Rico. 


Number  of 
children. 

Ratio  to  total  under  5. 

Age  period. 

Cuba. 

Porto  Rico. 

United 
States 
(1880) . 

0-1 . 

24,145 

18.45 

17.49 

20. 94 

1-2 . 

16, 873 

12.89 

16.99 

18.18 

2-3 . 

23, 690 

18.10 

21. 91 

20. 64 

3-4 . 

30, 340 

23. 18 

21.  99 

19.98 

4-5 . 

35, 830 

27.38 

21. 59 

20.  26 

0-5 . 

130, 878 

100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

90 


REPOKT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


In  Cuba  over  50  per  cent  of  the  children  under  5,  at  the  date  of  the 
census,  were  3  or  d  years  old;  while  in  Porto  Rico  the  corresponding 
per  cent  was  43.6,  in  the  United  States  (1880)  it  was  40.2  per  cent, 
and  by  the  English  Life  Table  No.  3,  37.5  per  cent.  This  apparently 
shows  that  the  birth  rate  was  higher  or  the  infant  mortality  lower  in 
Cuba  during  1895  and  1896  than  it  was  in  1897,  1898,  and  1899. 
Apparently,  also,  in  Porto  Rico  the  conditions  affecting  the  lives  of 
young  children  were  better  in  1895-1897  than  thev  were  in  1898  or 
1899. 

THE  SEVERAL  PROVINCES. 

The  median  age. — The  median  age  of  the  several  provinces  was  as 
follows : 


Province. 

Median 

age. 

Santiago . 

18.0 

Puerto  Principe . 

18.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

19.3 

Santa  Clara . 

21.0 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) . 

21.4 

Matanzas . . . 

22.0 

Habana  (city) . 1... 

24.8 

There  was  a  difference  of  nearly  seven  years  between  the  median  age 
in  Santiago  and  in  the  capital  of  the  island.  As  the  two  provinces 
which  were  closest  in  age,  Santiago  and  Puerto  Principe,  were  those 
which  have  the  largest  proportions  of  colored  and  of  white,  respec¬ 
tively,  it  is  clear  that  the  median  age  of  the  two  races  probably  did  not 
differ  widely  except  where  immigration  has  entered  to  cause  a  difference. 

Age  by  5 -year periods. — The  wide  difference  in  median  age  between 
Habana  city  and  the  eastern  provinces  is  in  some  measure  explained 
by  the  following  table: 

Per  cent  of  total  population  belonging  to  age  period  stated. 


Age  period. 

Habana 
(excluding 
city) . 

Habana 

city. 

Matanzas. 

Pinar  del 
Rio. 

Puerto 

Principe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago. 

0-1 . 

6.94 

7.54 

7.93 

9.14 

11.15 

7.31 

9. 81 

5-9 . 

12. 98 

10.32 

13.38 

15. 57 

16.55 

14.34 

17.  .56 

10-14 . 

14.16 

10.17 

13.48 

14.71 

15. 10 

14.40 

15.84 

15-19 . 

12. 29 

10. 73 

10.94 

11.98 

10.94 

11.42 

11.07 

20-24 . 

11.47 

11.70 

9.63 

11.21 

7.08 

9.59 

7.43 

25-29 . 

9. 89 

11.17 

8.  79 

9. 81 

5. 78 

8.85 

6.  40 

30-34./. . 

7. 67 

9. 31 

7. 12 

7.11 

6. 74 

7.67 

6.82 

35-39 . 

6.16 

7. 67 

5. 98 

5. 01 

5.99 

6.47 

6.32 

40-44 . 

5.05 

6.03 

6. 37 

4.67 

5.28 

5.63 

5.  .50 

45-49 . 

3.55 

4. 32 

4.10 

2.90 

3.96 

3.87 

3.  79 

50-54 . 

3.58 

3.91 

4.28 

2.98 

3.74 

3. 78 

3.36 

55-59 . 

2.09 

2.48 

2. 77 

1.45 

2.29 

2.15 

1.88 

60-04 . 

2.02 

2. 21 

2.86 

1.73 

2.47 

2.23 

1.98 

65-69 . 

.84 

1.05 

1.26 

.60 

.97 

.87 

.73 

70-74 . 

.  66 

.70 

1.09 

.55 

.93 

.71 

.73 

75-79 . 

.25 

.32 

.35 

.17 

.35 

.25 

.27 

80-84 . 

.22 

.21 

.39 

.24 

.39 

.27 

.27 

85-89 . 

.06 

.07 

.10 

.05 

.10 

.07 

.08 

90-94 . 

.06 

.05 

.12 

.07 

.12 

.07 

.09 

95-99 . 

.03 

.02 

.03 

.03 

.04 

.03 

.04 

100  + . 

.02 

.0-2 

.02 

.02 

.03 

.02 

.02 

Unknown  . 

.01 

.00 

.01 

.00 

.00 

.00 

.01 

Total  _ 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

« 


AGE. 


91 


In  proportion  of  children  under  15,  Santiago  and  Puerto  Principe 
ranked  first  and  second,  and  the  city  of  Ilabana  ranked  last,  or,  in  one 
case,  next  to  the  last.  The  ratio  of  children  under  15  to  the  total 
population  varies,  in  close  agreement  with  the  median  age,  as  follows; 


Province. 

Median 

age. 

Ratio  of 
children 
0-15  to 
total  pop¬ 
ulation. 

Santiago . 

18.0 

43.0 

Puerto  Principe . 

18.1 

42.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

19.3 

39.4 

Santa  Clara . 

21.0 

36.1 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) . 

21.4 

34.1 

Matanzas . 

22.0 

34.8 

Habana  (city) . . 

24.8 

28.0 

A  powerful  and  usually  a  controlling  influence  in  determining  the 
median  or  average  age  is  the  proportion  of  children. 

Puerto  Principe  had  the  largest  proportion  of  children  under  5, 
suggesting  that  it  may  have  suffered  least  from  recent  disorders. 
From  5  to  15  }Tears  of  age  the  maximum  was  in  Santiago,  pointing  to  a 
high  birth  rate  under  ordinary  conditions  in  that  province.  From  20 
to  50  years  of  age  the  maximum  was  uniformly  in  the  city  of  Ilabana; 
from  50  to  80,  in  Matanzas. 

The  smallest  proportion  of  very  young  children  was  found  in  Ilabana 
province  outside  the  capital.  Of  children  5-19  years  old  there  were 
fewest  in  Habana  city;  of  young  adults  20-31  years  old,  fewest  in 
Puerto  Principe;  of  adults  35-79,  fewest  in  Pinar  del  Ilio.  The  small 
ratio  of  adults  20-35  years  old  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago  may 
possibly  be  an  echo  of  a  lowered  birth  rate  during  the  ten  years’ 
war,  1868-1878,  which  was  confined  for  the  most  part  to  the  eastern 
provinces. 

All  the  provinces  showed  a  much  smaller  number  of  children  under  5 
than  of  those  between  5  and  10.  Perhaps  the  best  measure  of  relative 
loss  of  infant  life  during  the  past  five  }rears  is  found  by  computing 
the  per  cent  by  which  the  number  of  children  under  5  fell  below  that 
between  5  and  10.  This  is  given  in  the  following  table; 


Province. 

Per  cent  by 
which  chil¬ 
dren  0-4  fall 
below  that 
5-9. 

Habana  city . 

26.9 

Puerto  Principe . 

32.  6 

Matanzas _ t . 

40.  7 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

41.3 

Cuba . 

42.  1 

Santiago . 

44.  1 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

46. 5 

Santa  Clara . 

48.9 

92 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  number  of  children  in  the  first  five  years  of  life  was  uniformly 
below  that  in  the  next  five-year  period,  and  the  deficiency  ranged  from 
one-fourth  in  Habana  city  to  nearly  one-half  in  Santa  Clara.  The 
three  provinces  which  apparently  suffered  most  were  Santiago,  Santa 
Clara,  and  Habana  outside  the  capital.  It  is  likely  that  the  apparent 
losses  in  the  capital  were  decreased  and  those  in  the  vicinity  increased 
by  the  removal  of  families  containing  children  from  the  rural  districts 
to  the  protection  of  the  city.  These  losses  probably  are  the  result  of 
a  much  lower  birth  rate  and  a  much  higher  infant  death  rate  during 
the  past  five  }Tears. 

It  may  be  possible  to  derive  from  the  figures  for  children  under  5 
further  light  regarding  the  provinces  which  suffered  most  at  various 
periods.  The  following  table  has  been  prepared  by  finding  the  ratio 
of  children  of  each  year  of  age  under  5  to  the  total  under  5. 


Province. 

0-1. 

1-2. 

2-3. 

3-4. 

4-5. 

0-4. 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

16.6 

12.2 

18.4 

23.8 

29.0 

100.00 

Habana  city . 

16.8 

15.4 

19.8 

23.4 

24.6 

100.00 

Matanzas . 

17.4 

11.8 

18.4 

24.2 

28.2 

100.00 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

22.1 

11.5 

16.6 

22.6 

27.2 

100.00 

Puerto  Principe . 

18.3 

13.6 

19.3 

23.5 

25.3 

100.00 

Santa*  Clara . 

15.0 

11.9 

19.0 

24.5 

29.6 

100. 00 

Santiago . 

21;  7 

13.7 

16.5 

21.4 

26.7 

100. 00 

Of  the  children  born  between  October,  1898,  and  October,  1899, 
there  was  the  smallest  proportion  in  Santa  Clara  and  the  largest  in  Pinar 
del  Rio.  Of  the  children  1  and  2  years  old  Habana  city  had  the  most 
relatively  to  the  other  provinces  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the  fewest.  Of 
those  born  in  the  last  months  of  1891,  in  1895,  and  1896  Santa  Clara 
had  most.  Of  those  3  years  old  the  fewest  were  in  Santiago,  and  of 
those  I  years  old  the  fewest  in  Habana  city. 

The  last  Cuban  revolution  began  early  in  1895  and  during  that  year 
seems  to  have  centered  in  Santiago  province.  In  the  fall  of  1895  the 
revolutionists  advanced  into  the  western  provinces,  and  during  1896 
military  operations  apparently  centered  in  the  western  part  of  the 
island,  notably  Pinar  del  Rio.  After  the  death  of  Maceoin  December, 
1896,  Santa  Clara  was  perhaps  the  center  of  operations.  The  Spanish 
policy  of  concentration  began  early  in  1896.  These  facts  may  be  con¬ 
nected  with  those  shown  in  the  preceding  table.  It  indicates  that  the 
birth  rate  in  Santiago  was  probably  abnormally  low  in  1896  and  1897, 
that  in  Pinar  del  Rio  was  relatively  lowest  in  1897  and  1898,  while 
that  of  Santa  Clara  was  at  its  minimum  in  1899. 

t\ qe  and  sex. — The  median  age  of  the  two  sexes  in  Cuba  compared 
with  that  in  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  was  as  follows: 


Coun  try. 

Date. 

Median  age  of — 

Excess  of — 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Cuba  . 

1899 

21.7 

20.1 

1.6 

Porto  Rico . . . . . . . .... 

1899 

17.6 

18.7 

1.1 

United  States . 

1890 

22.3 

21.5 

.8 

AGE. 


93 


The  males  were  four  years  older  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Rico,  but 
about  seven  and  one-half  months  younger  than  in  the  United  States. 
The  females  were  not  quite  seventeen  months  older  than  in  Porto  Rico, 
but  were  seventeen  months  younger  than  in  the  United  States.  The 
males  were  nineteen  months  older  than  the  females,  while  in  the  United 
States  the  difference  was  only  half  as  great,  and  in  Porto  Rico  the 
females  were  thirteen  months  older.  The  greater  age  of  males  is  made 
clear  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  ratio  of  the  total  number 
of  each  sex  in  a  given  decennial  age  group  to  the  total  population  of 
that  sex  is  stated. 


Age  composition  of  male  and  female  population  of  Cuba  bg  decenniad  period*. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of  all  in  sex 
named  who  belong 
to  age  period  stated. 

Excess  of — 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

0-9 . 

22. 2 

23.3 

1. 1 

10-19 . 

24.1 

26.  6 

2.5 

20-29 . 

18.7 

18.2 

.5 

30-39 . 

14.5 

13.3 

1.2 

40-49 . 

9.9 

8.5 

1.4 

50-59 . 

6.1 

5.5 

.6 

60-69 . 

3.1 

3.0 

.1 

70-79 . 

1.0 

1. 1 

.  1 

80-89 . 

.3 

.4 

.  1 

90-99 . 

.1 

.  1 

.0 

100+ . 

.0 

.0 

• 

This  table  shows  that  the  relative  number  of  females  was  greatest  at 
the  extremes  of  age  0-19  and  70+,  while  during  the  years  20-69  males 
were  more  numerous.  The  absolute  numbers  for  each  sex  in  these 
three  age  groups  0-19,  20-69,  and  70+  are  given  below. 


Sex. 

Age  period. 

0-19. 

20-69. 

70 +  . 

Males . . 

377, 435 
377, 636 

426, 300 
367, 663 

11,413 

12,265 

Females . 

At  the  two  extremes  of  life  there  were  more  female  than  male 
Cubans  by  over  1,000,  but  during  the  working  years  20-69  there  were 
nearly  60,000  more  males  than  females.  To  the  great  excess  of  males 
at  those  years  must  be  attributed  the  higher  median  age  of  the  males 
in  Cuba.  The  excess  of  females  in  the  group .70+  may  be  actual  or 
simply  reported;  that  is,  it  may  be  due  either  to  a  lower  mortality 
and  longer  lifetime  or  to  greater  errors  in  the  reports  from  females. 
Such  errors  manifest  themselves  not  merely,  as  already  explained,  in 
concentration  on  round  numbers,  but  also  among  old  persons  in  exag¬ 
geration  of  the  true  age.  It  is  of  importance,  therefore,  to  ascertain 
whether  concentration  on  round  numbers  is  more  common  among 
males  or  among  females. 


94 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Following  the  method  already  explained,  the  table  below  gives  the 
proportion  of  each  sex  at  each  quinquennial  period: 


Age  composition  of  male  and  female  population  by  quinquennial  periods. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of — 

Males. 

Females. 

0-4 . 

8.09 

8.58 

5-9 . 

14.08 

14.69 

10-14 . . 

13.  79 

14.21 

15-19 . 

10. 35 

12.37 

20-24 . 

9.69 

9.76 

25-29 . 

8. 98 

8. 47 

30-34 . 

7. 85 

7.23 

35-39 . 

6.  61 

6.04 

40-44 . 

5.82 

5.02 

45-49 . 

4.07 

3.53 

50-54 . 

3. 79 

3.53 

55-59 . 

2. 35 

1.92 

60-64 . 

2.20 

2.18 

65-69 . 

.93 

.85 

70-74 . 

.71 

.79 

75-79 . 

.26 

.29 

80-84 . 

.24 

.31 

85-89 . 

.06 

.09 

90-94 . 

.07 

.09 

95-99 . 

.03 

.03 

100  + . 

.02 

.02 

Unknown  . 

.01 

.00 

Total . 

100.00 

100.00 

_ 

An  examination  of  this  table  shows  no  conspicuous  difference 
between  the  two  sexes  until  about  the  age  of  45,  but  from  that  age 
on  the  decrease  in  the  column  for  males  is  more  regular  than  that  in 
the  column  for  females.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  greater  frequency 
with  which  the  ages  of  elderly  women  were  reported  as  multiples  of 
10.  The  difference  between  the  two  is  made  more  visible  by  the  fol¬ 
lowing  table.  The  method  employed  in  its  preparation  has  been 
already  explained. 


Per  cent  that  population  in  each  quinquennial  period  makes  of  the  arithmetical  mean  of 
population  in  the  next  younger  and  next  older  periods. 


Age  period. 

Males. 

Females. 

25-29 . 

102.4 

98.8 

30-34 . 

100.3 

100.2 

35-39 . 

96.  7 

98.6 

40-44 . 

109.0 

|  104.9 

45-49 . 

84.7 

82. 6 

50-54 . 

118. 1 

129. 5 

55-59 . 

78.5 

67.3 

60-64 . 

134. 2 

157. 4 

65-69 . 

63. 9 

57.2 

70-74 . 

119.3 

138.6 

75—79. . . .... . . . . . . . 

54.7 

52.7 

80-84 . 

150.0 

163.2 

Prior  to  the  age  of  45  no  uniform  difference  between  the  two  sexes 
clearly  appears,  but  after  that  the  excess  in  periods  including  a 
multiple  of  10  and  the  shortage  in  the  intervening  periods  are  much 
more  marked  among  women  than  among  men. 


AGE. 


95 


Corroborative  evidence  may  be  found  in  examining  which  sex  was 
more  fond  of  reporting  the  age  as  exactly  20.  In  a  stationary  popu¬ 
lation  about  20.3  per  cent  of  all  persons  between  20  and  25  are  actually 
20,  but  in  Cuba  25  per  cent  of  the  males  and  27.8  per  cent  of  the 
females  20-24  reported  themselves  as  20.  This  seems  to  show  a 
decidedly  greater  error  among  females,  but  there  are  many  foreign¬ 
ers  in  Cuba  belonging  to  this  age  period  and  the  large  majority  are 
males.  As  they  belong  mainly  to  the  later  years  of  the  period,  it  may 
be  fairer  to  exclude  them  from  the  comparison.  Among  the  colored 
and  native  white  males  20-24,  27.1  per  cent  were  reported  as  20,  but 
among  the  females  of  these  classes  the  per  cent  was  28.  It  appears 
that  women’s  tendencv  to  answer  in  round  numbers  even  at  this  age  is 
a  very  little  higher  than  men’s. 

One  may  safely  conclude  that  erroneous  statements  of  age,  at  least 
after  middle  life,  are  more  common  among  Cuban  women.  Where 
errors  of  age  occur  during  the  later  years,  they  are  likely  to  exag¬ 
gerate  the  real  age.  For  example,  in  the  United  States  in  1890 
among  every  100,000  colored  128  claimed  to  be  90  years  old  or  more, 
but  among  every  100,000  native  whites  of  native  parents  only  45 
claimed  to  be  90  or  more,  yet  the  whites  certainly  live  longer.  As 
elderly  Cuban  women  are  more  prone  to  report  their  ages  in  multiples 
of  10,  so  they  are  probably  more  prone  to  exaggerate  their  age,  and 
part  of  the  high  proportion  of  women  70  years  old  or  more  may  be 
thus  explained.  At  the  same  time,  as  general  experience  testifies  to 
a  somewhat  lower  mortality  of  women  in  civilized  countries,  the  greater 
proportion  of  women  in  the  later  ages  may  probably  be  accepted  as 
correct,  although  the  census  figures  exaggerate  the  difference. 

Referring  to  the  table  in  which  the  age  composition  of  the  sexes  is 
given  by  five-year  periods  (p.  94),  one  notices  a  striking  difference  in 
the  proportion  of  males  and  of  females  belonging  to  the  age  period 
15-19.  The  proportion  of  females  in  that  period  was  more  than  2  per 
cent  higher  than  the  proportion  of  males,  while  in  all  other  cases  the 
proportions  of  the  sexes  differed  by  less  than  1  per  cent.  This  is  true 
not  merely  of  the  proportions,  but  also  the  absolute  numbers.  In  this 
age  period  there  were  nearly  10,000  (9,343)  more  females  than  males, 
while  in  every  other  five-year  period  under  70  the  males  outnumbered 
the  females.  It  is  obvious  that  such  a  massing  of  the  females  in  the 
age  period  15-19  is  highly  improbable.  The  most  simple  explanation 
is  that  for  some  reason  a  considerable  number  of  males  belonging  to 
that  age  period  reported  themselves  at  other  ages,  or  that  a  considerable 
number  of  females  belonging  to  other  age  periods  reported  themselves 
as  in  this  period.  The  same  difference  occurs  in  the  United  States, 
where  the  age  period  15-19  is  the  only  five-year  period  under  80  in 
which  the  females  outnumbered  the  males.  The  phenomenon,  how¬ 
ever,  is  much  more  marked  in  Cuba  than  in  the  United  States.  In 


96 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Cuba  there  were  1,111  females  to  every  1,000  males  15-19,  while  in  the 
United  States  there  were  only  1,019  females  to  1,000  males  in  the  same 
age  period.  Probably  the  most  effectual  cause  is  the  transfer  of  women 
really  belonging  to  other  age  periods  into  this.  As  the  five-year 
period  in  the  tables  is  divided  into  two  parts,  one  may  probe  the  ques¬ 
tion  a  little  more  closely.  In  the  two  years  18-19  there  were  1,056 
females  to  1,000  males,  while  in  the  three  years  15-17  there  were 
1,150  females  to  1,000  males.  Hence  it  is  the  earlier  period  in  which 
the  difference  is  especially  manifest,  although  it  clearly  appears  in 
both.  The  actual  concentration  is  much  greater  than  the  apparent, 
since  there  belong  to  this  period  about  5,000  more  foreign  white  males 
than  foreign  white  females.  It  may  be  noticed  that  in  the  English 
figures  a  similar  concentration  of  women  has  been  pointed  out, 
although  the  ages  there  favored  fall  into  the  next  quinquennial  period, 
20-24.  The  concentration  of  colored  in  these  ages  was  far  greater 
than  of  the  native  white  and  the  concentration  in  all  Cuba  far  greater 
than  in  the  city  of  Habana. 


NATIVITY  AND  RACE. 


The  native  whites  constituted  57.8  per  cent,  or  considerably  more 
than  one-half  of  the  population  of  Cuba.  The  foreign  whites  consti¬ 
tuted  but  9  per  cent;  the  colored,  including  the  negro  and  mixed  ele¬ 
ments,  amounted  only  to  32  per  cent,  or  less  than  one-third,  while 
the  proportion  of  Chinese  was  trifling,  being  less  than  1  per  cent. 

In  every  province  the  native  whites  formed  a  majority  of  the  popu¬ 
lation,  but  in  the  city  of  Habana,  owing  to  the  large  element  of  foreign 
birth,  they  formed  a  trifle  less  than  one-half,  or  49  per  cent.  The  pro¬ 
portion  of  native  whites  was  greatest  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Prin¬ 
cipe,  the  sparsely  settled,  pastoral  province,  where  it  reached  75.2  per 
cent,  or  more  than  three-fourths  of  all  the  inhabitants.  It  was  next 
largest  in  Pinar  del  Rio,  which  is  mainly  a  farming  province,  where  it 
reached  66.5  per  cent,  or  nearly  two-thirds.  Santa  Clara  had  60  per 
cent,  Habana,  57.3  per  cent,  and  Matanzas  had  50.7  per  cent,  or  but  a 
trihe  more  than  one-half. 

The  proportion  of  the  foreign  born  ranged  from  4  per  cent  in  San¬ 
tiago  to  16.2  in  Habana  province, and  even  to  22.4  percent  in  Habana 
city.  Between  a  fourth  and  a  fifth  of  the  population  of  Habana  city 
was  of  foreign  birth.  Puerto  Principe  had  a  very  small  foreign  ele¬ 
ment,  and  in  Matanzas  and  Pinar  del  Rio  it  was  by  no  means  large. 
The  colored  element,  including  the  negro  and  mixed  races,  ranged 
from  20  per  cent  in  Puerto  Principe  up  to  45  per  cent  in  Santiago. 
It  was  large  in  Matanzas,  reaching  40  per  cent,  was  30  per  cent  in 
Santa  Clara,  27  per  cent  in  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  26  per  cent  in  Habana 
Province,  while  the  proportion  in  Habana  city  was  27.3  per  cent. 

The  Chinese  did  not  form  an  element  of  importance  in  any  of  the 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


RACE. 


97 


provinces,  but  were  most  numerous  in  Matanzas,  where  they  formed 
2.1  per  cent  of  the  population. 

In  all  of  the  censuses  of  Cuba  since  and  including  that  of  1774,  the 
distinction  of  white  and  colored  has  been  made,  and  the  latter  have  been 
distinguished  as  free  and  slave  up  to  the  time  of  the  abolition  of 
slavery. 

The  following  table  shows  the  numbers  and  proportions  of  white  and 
colored  in  Cuba,  as  shown  by  each  census.  As  the  Chinese  have  been 
by  the  Spanish  censuses  classed  with  whites,  they  are  so  classed  here 
in  the  census  of  1899,  for  purposes  of  comparison: 


Census. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Number. 

Percent¬ 

age. 

Number. 

Percent¬ 

age. 

1775 . 

96, 440 

56.2 

75, 180 

43.8 

1792 . . 

153,559 

56.4 

118, 741 

43.6 

1817 . 

257, 380 

45.0 

314,  983 

55.0 

1827 . 

311,051 

44.2 

393,  435 

55.8 

1841 .  . 

418,291 

41.5 

589, 333 

58. 5 

1861 . . 

793, 484 

56.8 

603, 046 

43.2 

1877 . . 

1,023,394 

67.8 

485,  897 

'  32. 2 

1887 . 

1,102,889 

67.6 

528, 798 

32.4 

1899 . 

1,067,354 

67.9 

505,  443 

32. 1 

The  table  shows  that  the  number  of  whites  has  steadily  increased  up 
to  the  last  census,  which  shows  a  diminution  of  35,535  from  that  of 
1887.  The  colored  increased  up  to  1861.  In  1877  there  was  a  decided 
decrease  of  117,149.  In  1887  there  was  an  increase  of  42,901,  followed 
by  a  decrease  of  23,355  in  1899. 

In  proportion  of  total  population  it  will  suffice  to  trace  the  history 
of  one  element  only — the  colored — starting  a  century  and  a  quarter 
ago  with  43.8  per  cent  of  the  population.  The  proportion  diminished 
slightly  in  the  succeeding  eighteen  years.  But  between  1792  and  1817 
it  increased  greatly,  the  colored  becoming  largely  in  the  majority,  with 
the  proportion  of  55.0  colored  to  45.0  white.  A  trifling  diminution 
followed  in  1827,  succeeded  by  an  increase  in  1841,  when. the  propor¬ 
tion  of  colored  reached  its  maximum,  with  58.5  per  cent.  Since  then 
it  diminished  rapidly  and  in  1861  was  but  43.2  per  cent,  leaving  the 
whites  largely  in  the  majority  again.  In  1877  it  again  diminished, 
this  time  to  32.2,  or  less  than  one-third  of  the  population,  since  which 
time  it  has  not  changed  materially. 

The  reason  for  the  great  increase  in  number  and  proportion  of  the 
colored  up  to  1841  is  doubtless  the  continued  importation  of  blacks 
from  Africa,  which  persisted,  in  the  form  of  smuggling,  long  after 
its  official  prohibition.  Their  diminution  relative  to  the  whites,  dur¬ 
ing  the  last  half  century,  is  doubtless  but  another  illustration  of  the 
inability  of  an  inferior  race  to  hold  its  own  in  competition  with  a 
superior  one,  a  truth  which  is  being  demonstrated  on  a  much  larger 
scale  in  the  United  States. 

24662 - 7 


98 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


From  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  statistical  record  there 
have  been  large  numbers  of  free  negroes  on  the  island,  and  they 
existed  there  in  varying  numbers  and  proportions  up  to  the  time  of 
emancipation.  The  following  table  shows  the  numbers  and  propor¬ 
tions  of  the  free  and  slave  population  at  each  census  from  1774  to 
1877: 


Census. 

Free  colored. 

Slaves. 

Number. 

Percent¬ 

age. 

Number. 

Percent¬ 

age. 

1775 . 

30, 847 

41.0 

44, 333 

59.0 

1792 . .• . 

54, 151 

45.6 

64, 590 

54.4 

1817 . 

115,691 

36.7 

199,  292 

63.3 

1827 . 

106,  494 

27.1 

286, 942 

72.9 

1841 . 

152, 838 

25.9 

436,  495 

74.1 

1861 . 

225,  843 

37.4 

377,  203 

62.9 

1877 . 

272, 478 

55.7 

199, 094 

44.3 

With  the  exception  of  the  census  of  1827,  the  free  colored  increased 
numerically  at  each  census,  and  in  1877  were  nine  times  as  numerous 
as  in  1771.  The  slaves  showed  a  rapid  numerical  increase  up  to  1811, 
and  since  that  time  an  equally  rapid  reduction  in  numbers,  a  move¬ 
ment  doubtless  dependent  upon  the  importation  of  slaves. 

The  total  foreign  born  numbered  172,535,  of  which  112,153,  includ¬ 
ing  55  unknown,  or  82.5  per  cent,  were  white,  and  30,382,  or  17.5  per 
cent,  were  colored.  This  included  11,611  Chinese,  leaving  15,768 
foreign-born  negroes  and  mixed  bloods. 

Of  the  total  foreign  born  129,210  were  born  in  Spain.  These  formed 
71.9  per  cent,  or  very  nearly  three-fourths  of  all  the  foreign  born. 
The  next  largest  contributor  to  the  foreign-born  population  was  China, 
whose  natives  altogether  numbered  11,863,  or  8.6  per  cent  of  the 
foreign  element.  Next  to  them  were  natives  of  Africa,  nearly  all  of 
wrhom  were  negroes,  numbering  12,953,  or  7.5  per  cent  of  the  foreign 
born.  Following  these  in  numbers  were  natives  of  the  United 
States,  most  of  them  whites,  numbering  6,111,  or  3.7  per  cent  of  the 
foreign  born.  No  other  country  contributed  to  this  element  to  the 
extent  of  even  1  per  cent.  Even  the  neighboring  island  of  Porto  Rico 
contributed  only  1,108,  and  all  of  the  other  West  Indies  together  only 
1,712.  South  America  contributed  only  752  and  Central  America  108, 
while  Mexico,  although  a  near  neighbor,  contributed  only  1,108  per¬ 
sons.  Altogether  these  closely  neighboring  Spanish  speaking  coun¬ 
tries  contributed  only  1,788  persons,  or  less  than  3  per  cent  of  the 
foreign  element,  a  fact  which  speaks  volumes  for  the  sedentary  char¬ 
acter  of  this  people.  All  Europe  contributed  only  3,568,  or  about  2 
per  cent  of  the  foreign  element,  and  only  a  little  more  than  half  as 
many  as  the  United  States  contributed. 

The  fact  has  already  been  stated  that  of  the  foreign  colored,  num¬ 
bering  30,382,  11,611  were  Chinese,  leaving  15,768  negro  and  mixed 
bloods.  Of  this  number  no  fewer  than  12,897,  or  more  than  four- 
fifths,  came  from  Africa,  the  source  of  the  remainder  being  widely 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


A.  Hoen  8.  Co  Balt  o’  Uth 


NATIVITY. 


99 


scattered.  These  African  negroes  are  nearly  all  of  advanced  age, 
indicating  that  they  constitute  the  last  remnant  of  imported  African 
slaves. 

Again,  while  among  the  foreign  born,  taken  generally,  males  far 
outnumber  females,  in  a  relation  of  about  four  to  one,  it  appears  that 
among  the  immigrants  from  the  West  Indies,  South  and  Central 
America,  and  Mexico  the  number  of  females  is  about  equal  to  that  of 
males;  indeed,  among  those  from  Mexico  the  number  of  females  out¬ 
numbers  that  of  males  greatly. 

The  distribution  of  the  foreign  born  between  city  and  country  is 
much  the  same  as  in  the  United  States.  The  foreign-born  element, 
consisting  mainly  of  persons  of  Spanish  birth,  congregates  in  the  cities 
much  more  than  in  the  country,  and  among  the  cities  it  affects  the 
larger  in  preference  to  the  smaller.  In  the  city  of  Habana,  the  largest 
and  most  important  of  the  island,  is  found  the  greatest  disproportion¬ 
ate  number  of  foreign  born.  Out  of  the  total  foreign- born  white 
element  of  the  island,  numbering  172,535,  52,901,  or  nearly  one-third, 
were  found  in  the  city  of  Habana.  These  constituted  22.4  per  cent  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  cit}^. 

In  the  smaller  cities,  including  all  those  down  to  a  population  of 
10,000,  taken  as  a  whole,  the  proportion  of  the  foreign  element  was 
9.2  per  cent,  while  in  the  remainder  of  the  island,  including  the  rural 
districts  and  all  cities  having  a  population  less  than  10,000,  the  propor¬ 
tion  of  the  foreign  born  was  but  6.1  per  cent. 

While  the  proportion  of  foreign  born  in  the  cities  having  a  popula¬ 
tion  above  10,000,  but  excluding  Habana,  was  9.2  per  cent,  this  pro¬ 
portion  ranged  widely  among  the  different  cities,  being  generally,  but 
not  invariably,  greater  where  the  population  was  greater,  and  less 
where  it  was  smaller.  Seacoast  cities,  as  a  rule,  had  a  larger  propor¬ 
tion  than  inland  cities,  for  obvious  reasons.  The  following  table  gives, 
for  the  cities  of  10,000  inhabitants  or  more,  the  total  population,  the 
foreign-born  population,  and  the  proportion  which  the  latter  bears  to 
the  former. 

Foreign-born  population  of  cities. 


Cities. 

Total  pop¬ 
ulation. 

Foreign 

born. 

Percent¬ 

age 

foreign 

born. 

1 

Habana  . 

235,981 
43, 090 
36, 374 
30, 038 

52, 901 

3, 440 

22  4  j 

Santiago . 

8.5  | 

Matanzas . 

3, 644 

10.0  1 

Cienfuegos . 

3,485 

1,283 

2,081 

919 

11.6  1 

1  Puerto  Principe . 

25, 102 
21,940 
14, 464 
13, 965 

5  1 

j  Cardenas _ ! . 

9.  5 

j  Manzanillo . 

6. 3  { 

{  Guanabacoa . 

1 , 091 

7.8  | 

Santa  Clara . 

13, 763 
12, 728 

915 

6. 6  ’ 

Sagua  la  Grande . I . 

1,137 

9.0 

1  Sancti  Spiritus . 

12,696 

11,363 

11,120 

8,880 

391 

3.1 

Regia. . . 

1  666 

14.7 

Trinidad . 

247 

2.2 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

1,024 

11.5 

1 _ 

100 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 


CITIZENSHIP. 


Of  the  population  of  Cuba  89  per  cent  were  born  in  the  island,  8  per 
cent  in  Spain,  and  only  3  per  cent  in  other  countries.  Those  born  in 
Cuba,  of  course,  included  not  onl}7  native  whites,  but  negroes  and 
mixed  bloods.  The  proportion  was  greatest  in  the  province  of  Santi¬ 
ago,  where  it  reached  95  per  cent,  and  was  least  in  the  city  of  Habana, 
where  only  a  little  over  three-fourths  of  the  inhabitants  were  native 
born.  Three-fourths  of  the  foreign  born  were  of  Spanish  birth.  The 
proportion  of  those  born  in  Spain  was  naturally  greatest  in  the  city 
of  Habana,  where  it  reached  nearly  20  per  cent  of  all  the  inhabitants, 


and  was  least  in  the  province  of  Santiago. 

In  the  matter  of  citizenship,  83  per  cent  of  the  population  claimed 
Cuban  citizenship,  only  1  per  cent  the  protection  of  Spain,  while  11 
per  cent  were,  at  the  time  of  the  census,  in  suspense,  not  having 
declared  their  intentions.  Five  per  cent  of  the  population  claimed 
citizenship  other  than  Cuban  or  Spanish.  The  purest  Cuban  citizen¬ 
ship  was  found  in  the  province  of  Santiago,  where  91.7  per  cent  of 
the  inhabitants  claimed  to  be  citizens  of  Cuba.  On  the  other  hand,  in 
the  city  of  Habana  only  61.2  per  cent  were  Cuban  citizens.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  in  the  cit}T  of  Habana  only  5.3  per  cent  of  the 
inhabitants  claimed  citizenship  other  than  Cuban  or  Spanish,  while  in 
the  province  of  Habana  11.6  per  cent  were  found  in  this  class. 

Table  XIII  presents  the  male  population  of  Cuba  21  years  of  age 
and  over,  classified  according  to  race,  nationality,  citizenship,  literacy, 
and  superior  education.  The  immediate  object  in  preparing  these 
tables  was  to  ascertain  the  effect  of  certain  provisions  of  the  election 
laws  proposed  and  recently  promulgated  by  the  military  governor  of 
Cuba  on  the  male  population  of  voting  age.  These  provisions  limit 
the  suffrage  to  such  of  the  citizens  of  Cuba  as  are  able  to  read  and 
write. 

The  males  over  21  }7ears  of  age  are  classified  primarily  as  whites 
born  in  Cuba,  in  Spain,  or  in  other  countries,  or  as  colored,  the  last 
class  including  blacks,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Each  of  these  classes  is 
then  grouped  according  to  citizenship — as  Cuban  citizenship;  Spanish 
citizenship;  citizenship  in  suspense,  i.  e.,  of  Spanish  subjects  who  at 
the  date  of  the  census  had  not  decided  whether  to  remain  Spanish 
subjects  or  to  become  Cuban  citizens;  or  as  other  foreign  or  unknown 
citizenship.  Again,  each  of  these  classes  is  further  divided,  as  to 
literacv,  under  the  following  heads: 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 

Can  read  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write. 

Have  superior  education. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


A  Hoen&CoBalto'Uth 


CITIZENSHIP. 


101 


The  population  of  the  island,  as  a  whole,  is  classified  as  above  out¬ 
lined  in  the  first  table,  and  in  succeeding  tables  the  population  of  each 
province  and  of  the  city  of  Habana  are  similarly  classified. 


TOTAL  OF  THE  ISLAND. 


Citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education. 


- 

All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . 

417, 993 

187,813 

96,088 

6,794 

127, 298 

Cuban  citizens . 

290, 905 

184, 471 

142 

78 

106, 214 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

172,627 

94, 301 

34 

13 

•  78,279 

Can  road  hut,  can  not  write  _ 

4,132 

2,089 

1 

2,042 

Can  read  and  write . 

105;  285 

79; 452 

99 

39 

25;  695 

With  superior  education . 

8,861 

8, 629 

9 

25 

198 

Spanish  citizens . 

9,500 

144 

9,341 

6 

9 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

1,149 

18 

1,126 

1 

4 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

108 

2 

106 

Can  read  and  write . 

7,929 

105 

7,816 

3 

5 

With  superior  education . 

314 

19 

293 

2 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

76, 669 

1,296 

75, 249 

37 

87 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

16, 945 

312 

16, 590 

7 

36 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

858 

18 

837 

1 

2 

Can  read  and  write . 

56, 704 

861 

55, 771 

24 

48 

With  superior  education . 

2, 162 

105 

2,051 

6 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

40, 919 

1,902 

11,356 

6,673 

20, 988 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . . 

26, 641 

191 

7,434 

872 

18, 144 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

293 

8 

153 

34 

98 

Can  read  and  write . 

11,914 

1,152 

3, 682 

4,377 

2, 703 

With  superior  education . 

2,071 

551 

87 

1,390 

43 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  in  Cuba  was  417,993,  or 
26  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  This  is  a  little  less  than  the  pro¬ 
portion,  in  1890,  in  the  United  States,  where  it  was  27  per  cent.  The 
excess  of  males  of  all  ages  in  Cuba  is  somewhat  greater  than  in  the 
United  States. 

Classifying  the  potential  voters  of  Cuba  by  birthplace  and  race,  it 
is  seen  that  44.9  per  cent  were  whites,  born  in  Cuba;  that  30.5  per  cent 
were  colored,  and  as  nearly  all  the  colored  were  born  in  the  island  it  is 
seen  that  fully  seven -tenths  of  the  potential  voters  of  Cuba  were  native 
born,  23  per  cent  were  born  in  Spain,  and  1.6  per  cent  in  other 
countries. 

Classifying  the  whole  number  of  potential  voters  by  citizenship,  it 
is  seen  from  the  following  table  that  70  per  cent  were  Cuban  citizens, 
2  per  cent  were  Spanish  citizens,  18  per  cent  were  holding  their  citi¬ 
zenship  in  suspense,  and  10  per  cent  were  citizens  of  other  countries, 
or  their  citizenship  was  unknown. 


102 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Citizenship  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  Cuba. 


Citizenship. 


Cuban  . 

Spanish . 

In  suspense . 

Foreign  or  unknown 

Total . 


Number. 

Per  cent  of 
total  males 
21  years  of 
age  and 
over. 

290,905 

70 

9,500 

2 

76, 669 

18 

40, 919 

10 

417, 993 

100 

The  degree  of  illiteracy  of  these  classes  was  as  follows: 


Citizenship. 

Unable  to 
read. 

Citizenship. 

Unable  to 
read.- 

Cuban . 

Per  cent. 

59 

In  suspense . 

Per  cent. 

22 

Spanish . 

12 

Foreign  or  unknown . 

65 

The  Cuban  citizens,  numbering  290,905,  were  composed  almost 
entirely  of  persons  born  in.  Cuba,  there  being  among  them  but  220 
white  persons,  and  probably  not  more  colored,  of  alien  birth.  The 
white  Cuban  citizens,  who  were  natives  of  the  island,  numbered 
184,471,  and  of  these  94,301,  or  51  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read. 
The  colored  Cuban  citizens  numbered  106,214,  of  which  not  less  than 
78,279,  or  74  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read. 

The  people  of  Cuba  who  claimed  Spanish  citizenship  numbered 
9,500,  and  of  these  nearly  all  were  born  in  Spain,  there  being  but  159 
born  elsewhere. 

Those  whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense  numbered  76,669.  These 
also  were  nearly  all  of  Spanish  birth,  the  number  born  elsewhere 
being  but  1,420. 

The  number  of  persons  of  other  or  unknown  citizenship  was  40,919. 
Of  these,  fully  one-half  were  colored,  most  of  them  being  Chinese, 
and  much  the  larger  proportion  of  the  remaining  half  were  of  Spanish 
birth. 

Summing  up  the  situation,  it  appears  that  the  total  number  of  male* 
of  voting  age  who  could  read  was  200,631,  a  little  less  than  half  the 
total  number  of  males  of  voting  age.  Of  these  22,629  were  of  Spanish 
or  other  foreign  citizenship  or  unknown  citizenship.  The  number 
whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense  was  59,724,  and  the  number  of 
Cuban  citizens  able  to  read  was  118,278,  or  59  per  cent  of  all  Cuban 
citizens  of  voting  age. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


CUBA 

BIRTHPLACE,  CITIZENSHIP  AND  ILLITERACY  OF  MALES 
OF  21  YEARS  AND  OVER 


WHITES  OF  CUBAN  BIRTH  AND  CUBAN  CITIZENSHIP 

WHITES  OF  CUBAN  BIRTH  AND  OTHER  CITIZENSHIP 

WHITES  OF  SPANISH  BIRTH,  CITIZENSHIP  IN  SUSPENSE 

WHITES  OF  SPANISH  BIRTH  AND  SPANISH  CITIZENSHIP 

WHITES  OF  SPANISH  BIRTH  AND  OTHER  CITIZENSHIP 

WHITES  BORN  ELSEWHERE 

COLORED  OF  CUBAN  CITIZENSHIP 

COLORED  OF  OTHER  CITIZENSHIP 

ILLITERATE 


A  KORN8,«X).BALT!MOHE 


103 


CITIZENSHIP. 

HABANA  (PROVINCE). 

Citizenship,  literacy,  and  education. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  or  voting  age . 

127, 047 

52, 621 

43, 273 

3, 499 

27, 654 

Cuban  citizens . 

73, 939 

51, 153 

36 

45 

22, 705 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

30, 345 

16,  898 

4 

2 

13,441 

Can  read  but,  ca,n  not  write.. 

1,528 

688 

1 

839 

Can  read  and  write . 

37,  669 

29, 255 

30 

28 

8,356 

With  superior  education . 

4,397 

4, 312 

2 

14 

69 

Spanish  citizens . 

4,718 

49 

4,661 

5 

3 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

380 

4 

374 

1 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

52 

52 

Can  read  and  write . 

4,137 

37 

4,095 

3 

2 

With  superior  education . 

149 

8 

140 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

39, 207 

678 

38, 471 

21 

37 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

6, 442 

129 

6,  300 

2 

11 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

491 

9 

479 

1 

2 

Can  read  and  write . 

31,174 

469 

30, 669 

13 

23 

With  superior  education . 

1,100 

71 

1,023 

5 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

9,183 

741 

105 

3,428 

4, 909 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

4,188 

11 

8 

248 

3,921 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

57 

1 

15 

41 

Can  read  and  write . 

4, 120 

507 

88 

2, 588 

937 

With  superior  education . 

818 

222 

9 

577 

10 

JIABANA  CITY 

Citizenship,  literacy,  and  education . 


.  - 

All  classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . 

75, 305 

23, 790 

32, 779 

2,787 

15, 949 

Cuban  citizens . 

35, 460 

22, 729 

23 

37 

12, 671 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

8,304 

2,  565 

1 

2 

5, 736 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

975 

345 

630 

Can  read  and  write . 

22, 790 

16, 507 

20 

23 

6,240 

With  superior  education . 

3,391 

3,312 

2 

12 

65 

Spanish  citizens . 

4, 136 

39 

4,089 

5 

3 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

327 

1 

324 

1 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

52 

52 

Can  read  and  write . 

3, 623 

30 

3,588 

3 

2 

With  superior  education . 

134 

8 

125 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

29, 079 

450 

28, 589 

15 

25 

Can  neither. read  nor  write . 

3,215 

37 

3,170 

1 

7 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

389 

5 

381 

1 

2 

Can  read  and  write . 

24, 581 

347 

24, 211 

8 

15 

With  superior  education . 

894 

61 

827 

5 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

6,630 

572 

78 

2,730 

3,250 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

2,623 

8 

6 

139 

2, 470 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

48 

1 

11 

36 

Can  read  and  write . 

3,253 

386 

64 

2, 067 

736 

With  superior  education . 

706 

177 

8 

513 

8 

104 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Of  the  greater  subdivisions  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  Habana  cit}T  con¬ 
tains  the  largest  proportion  of  foreign  born,  both  as  to  total  of  popu¬ 
lation  and  of  males  over  21  years  of  age.  The  total  number  of 
potential  voters  in  the  city  was  75,305,  or  32  per  cent  of  its  entire 
population,  a  very  large  proportion,  both  as  compared  with  the  entire 
island  and  with  the  United  States. 

This  number  of  potential  voters  was  composed,  first,  of  whites  born 
in  Cuba,  numbering  23,790,  or  32  per  cent  of  all.  Of  this  number, 
22,729,  or  96  per  cent,  were  Cuban  citizens.  The  remainder,  1,061, 
were  almost  all  in  suspense  as  to  citizenship,  or  were  citizens  of  coun¬ 
tries  other  than  Cuba  or  Spain.  Only  39  native  white  Cubans  were 
Spanish  citizens. 

Second,  of  white  persons  born  in  Spain,  who  numbered  no  fewer 
than  32,779,  or  44  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age,  a  much  larger 
number  and  proportion  than  the  Cuban  whites.  These  natives  of 
Spain  comprised  4,089  citizens  of  Spain  and  28,589  persons  whose  citi¬ 
zenship  was  in  suspense.  Only  23  persons  of  Spanish  birth  were 
Cuban  citizens. 

Third,  of  whites  of  other  countries,  numbering  2,787,  or  4  per  cent. 
Nearly  all  of  these  were  citizens  of  other  countries. 

Fourth,  colored,  who  numbered  15,959,  or  21  per  cent  of  the  males 
of  voting  age.  Of  this  number  12,671,  or  four-fifths,  were  Cuban 
citizens,  the  remainder  consisting  mainly  of  Chinese.  As  elsewhere 
in  the  island,  Cuban  citizens  of  Habana  city  were  confined  almost 
entirely  to  white  or  colored  natives  of  Cuba.  Their  total  number  was 
35,460,  or  47  per  cent,  less  than  one-half  of  all  males  of  voting  age. 
The  whites  among  them  numbered  22,729,  of  whom  only  2,565,  or  11 
per  cent,  were  illiterate.  The  colored  among  them  numbered  12,671, 
of  whom  5,736,  or  45  per  cent,  were  illiterate.  The  total  number  of 
illiterates  among  the  Cuban  citizens  of  the  city  was  8,304,  or  23  per 
cent,  leaving  as  the  total  number  of  literate  Cuban  citizens  of  voting 
age  27,156. 

The  citizens  of  Spain  in  the  city  numbered  4,136,  including  327 
illiterates  and  3,809  literates.  The  number  of  persons  whose  citizen¬ 
ship  was  in  suspense  numbered  29,079,  composed  of  3,215  illiterates 
and  25,864  literates.  It  is  seen  that  in  case  all  those  who  were  in  sus¬ 
pense  as  to  citizenship  should  declare  in  favor  of  Cuban  citizenship, 
they  would  still  be  outnumbered  slightly  by  the  native  literate  Cuban 
citizens  of  voting  age.  Those  of  foreign  or  unknown  citizenship  num¬ 
bered  6,630,  including  2,623  illiterates  and  4,007  literates. 

The  literate  Cuban  citizens  of  voting  age  formed  45  per  cent  of  all 
literates  of  voting  age. 


CITIZENSHIP. 


105 


HABANA  PROVINCE  (EXCLUDING  CITY). 

Citizenship ,  literacy,  and  education. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . 

61, 742 

28, 831 

10,494 

712 

11, 705 

Cuban  citizens . 

38, 479 

28, 424 

13 

8 

10, 034 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

22, 041 

14, 333 

3 

7,  705 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

'553 

343 

1 

209 

Can  read  and  write . 

14, 879 

12,748 

10 

5 

2,116 

With  superior  education . 

1,006 

1,000 

2 

4 

Spanish  citizens . . . 

582 

10 

572 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

53 

3 

50 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

Can  read  and  write . 

514 

7 

507 

With  superior  education . 

15 

15 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

10, 128 

228 

9,882 

6 

12 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

3, 227 

92 

3,130 

1 

4 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

102 

4 

98 

Can  read  and  write . 

6, 593 

122 

6,458 

5 

8 

With  superior  education . 

206 

10 

196 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

2, 553 

169 

27 

698 

1,659 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

1,565 

3 

2 

109 

1,451 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

9 

4 

5 

Can  read  and  write . 

867 

121 

24 

521 

201 

With  superior  education . 

112 

45 

1 

64 

2 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  was  51,742,  forming  27  per 
cent  of  the  population. 

This  number  was  composed,  first,  of  28,831  whites  of  Cuban  birth, 
constituting  56  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  All  of  these  were 
Cuban  citizens,  with  the  exception  of  407,  most  of  whom  were  in 
suspense  as  to  citizenship. 

Second,  of  10,494  persons  born  in  Spain,  forming  20  per  cent  of  all 
males  of  voting  age.  These  included  572  citizens  of  Spain  and  9,882 
persons  whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense.  Only  13  out  of  this  num¬ 
ber  of  persons  of  Spanish  birth  were  Cuban  citizens. 

Third,  712  persons  born  in  other  countries  than  Spain  and  Cuba,  or 
of  unknown  nativity. 

Fourth,  of  11,705  colored  persons.  These  included  10,034  Cuban 
citizens,  the  remainder  being  mainly  Chinese. 

The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  in  the  province,  outside  of 
Habana  City,  was  38,479,  or  74  per  cent  of  all  persons  of  voting  age. 
With  the  exception  of  13  persons  of  Spanish  birth  and  8  born  in  other 
countries  this  body  of  Cuban  citizens  was  composed  of  whites  and  of 
colored  persons  born  in  Cuba.  The  white  citizens  of  Cuba  numbered 
28,424,  14,333  or  about  50  per  cent  of  whom  were  illiterates.  The 
total  number  of  illiterate  Cuban  voters  of  the  province,  outside  of  the 
city,  was  therefore  22,041,  or  57  per  cent,  leaving  as  the  number  of 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


106 

literate  voters  16,438.  The  total  number  of  literate  males  of  voting 
age  was  24,856,  of  which  Cubans  formed  66  per  cent. 


MATAN3AS. 

m 


Citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . . 

55, 595 

21, 320 

10, 217 

665 

23, 393 

Cuban  citizens . 

37,544 

20, 843 

17 

11 

16, 673 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

23, 983 

10, 062 

2 

4 

13,915 

Pnn  rpnd  hut  p.fl.n  not  write 

543 

281 

262 

Can  read  and  write . 

11,933 

9,432 

10 

4 

2,487 

With  superior  education . 

1,085 

1,068 

5 

3 

9 

Snnnish  pitizpns  . 

1,033 

16 

1,016 

1 

Cfin  npither  rpnd  nor  write. . 

112 

112 

'  Pnn  rend  hilt  ran  not,  write . 

16 

1 

15 

Pnn  rend  and  write . 

865 

11 

853 

1 

With  simprior  ('duration . . 

40 

4 

36 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

5, 798 

91 

5,705 

1 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

749 

6 

741 

1 

1 

Pnn  rend  hut  pan  not  write  . 

62 

2 

60 

Pflii  rpnd  nnd  writ.P 

4,732 

77 

4,655 

With  snnprior  pdnpation. . 

'255 

6 

'249 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

11, 220 

370 

3,479 

653 

6,718 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

8, 677 

88 

2, 279 

132 

6, 178 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

77 

2 

56 

1 

18 

Can  read  and  write . 

2, 195 

201 

1,108 

365 

521 

With  superior  education . 

271 

79 

36 

155 

1 

The  total  number  of  males  over  21  }Tears  of  age  is  55,595,  or  27.5 
per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  province.  This  total  number 
of  potential  voters  is  composed,  first,  of  21,320  whites  born  in  Cuba, 
of  whom  all  except  477  are  Cuban  citizens;  second,  10,217  whites  born 
in  Spain,  of  whom  only  a  trifling  number  were  Cuban  citizens;  1,016, 
or  about  10  per  cent,  were  Spanish  citizens;  5,705,  or  more  than  one- 
half,  were  in  suspense  as  to  citizenship,  and  3,479,  or  about  one-third, 
were  citizens  of  other  countries,  or  their  citizenship  was  unknown; 
third,  of  665  whites  born  in  other  countries,  and  fourth,  of  23,393 
colored,  including  blacks,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of  these  16,673  were 
Cuban  citizens,  and  6,718  were  citizens  of  foreign  countries,  or  their 
citizenship  was  unknown.  The  last  number,  of  course,  includes 
Chinese. 

Of  the  above  number  of  potential  voters  of  the  province,  namely, 
55,595,  citizens  of  Cuba  numbered  altogether  37,544,  or  68  per  cent 
of  the  total  number;  Spanish  citizens  numbered  1,033,  or  2  per  cent; 
those  whose  citizenship  was  in  suspense  numbered  5,798,  or  10  per 
cent,  while  the  citizens  of  other  countries  and  those  whose  citizenship 
was  unknown  numbered  11,220,  or  20  per  cent  of  the  total  number. 

The  number  of  Cuban  citizens  above  given,  namely,  37,544,  was 


CITIZENSHIP. 


107 


composed  of  20,843  native  white  persons  of  Cuban  birth,  forming  56 
per  cent  of  the  whole  number;  of  16,673  colored  persons,  forming  44 
per  cent,  and  the  trilling  remainder  were  born  in  Spain  or  other 
countries. 

Of  the  native  white  Cuban  citizens  above  mentioned  10,062,  or  48 
per  cent,  were  unable  to  read,  and  of  the  colored  Cuban  citizens 
13,915,  or  83  per  cent,  were  similarly  illiterate.  Of  the  total  number 
of  Cuban  citizens  in  this  province  64  per  cent  were  unable  to  read. 
The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  able  to  read  was  13,561,  out  of  a 
total  of  all  citizens  able  to  read  of  22,074,  or  61  per  cent. 

ITNAR  DEL  RIO. 

Citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . 

43,750 

24, 324 

8, 2-42 

308 

10, 876 

Cuban  citizens . 

33, 479 

24, 104 

6 

9,369 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

25,424 

234 

17, 118 

1 

8,305 

71 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

163 

Can  read  and  write . 

7, 415 

6,422 

401 

5 

988 

With  superior  education . 

'406 

5 

Spanish  citizens . 

662 

16 

646 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

54 

3 

51 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

5 

5 

Can  read  and  write . 

593 

13 

580 

With  superior  education . 

10 

10 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

7, 755 

171 

7,577 

1 

6 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

3, 140 
56 

91 

3, 048 
55 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

1 

Can  read  and  write . 

4,439 

120 

76 

4,357 

117 

1 

5 

With  superior  education . 

3 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

1,854 

33 

13 

307 

1, 501 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

1,553 

10 

4 

1 

105 

1,443 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

9 

Can  read  and  write . 

260 

22 

11 

170 

57 

With  superior  education . 

31 

7 

1 

23 

The  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  of  this  province 
was  43,750,  amounting  to  25  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  This 
number  was  composed,  first,  of  24,324  whites,  born  in  Cuba,  of  whom  all 
excepting  220  were  Cuban  citizens;  second,  of  8,242  whites  of  Spanish 
birth,  of  whom  only  a  trifling  number  were  Cuban  citizens,  646  were 
citizens  of  Spain,  while  the  citizenship  of  7,577  was  in  suspense; 
third,  of  308  whites  born  in  other  countries  than  in  Cuba  or  Spain, 
and,  fourth,  10,876  colored,  including  black,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of 
these  9,369  were  Cuban  citizens,  while  1,507  were  citizens  of  other 
countries  or  of  unknown  citizenship. 

Of  the  total  number  of  males,  21  years  and  over,  in  this  province,  77 
per  cent  were  Cuban  citizens,  leaving  23  per  cent  citizens  of  other 


108 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


countries.  This  body  of  Cuban  citizens  is  made  up  almost  entirely  of 
whites  and  colored  persons  who  were  born  in  Cuba,  the  number  of  per¬ 
sons  of  Spanish  birth  or  other  foreign  birth  being  trifling.  Of  the 
whites  born  in  Cuba  who  were  Cuban  citizens  not  less  than  71  percent 
were  reported  as  unable  to  read,  while  of  the  colored  citizens  no  less 
than  89  per  cent  were  unable  to  read,  and  of  the  total  number  of  Cuban 
citizens  in  the  province  76  per  cent,  or  more  than  three-fourths,  were 
illiterate.  It  is  because  of  the  high  percentage  of  illiterac}T  in  this  prov¬ 
ince  that  it  has  been  called  the  “dark  province”  of  Cuba. 

The  total  number  of  males  of  21  years  of  age  and  over  who  were  able 
to  read  was  13,579.  Of  this  number,  8,055,  or  59  per  cent,  were  Cuban 
citizens. 

PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Citizenship,  literacy,  and  education. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . 

20, 181 

12, 518 

2,982 

261 

4,420 

Cuban  citizens . 

15, 759 

12, 361 

4 

2 

3, 392 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

7,810 

6,037 

1 

1,772 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

818 

'214 

104 

Can  read  and  write . 

0, 972 

5, 475 

2 

1 

1,494 

With  superior  education . 

659 

635 

1 

1 

22 

Spanish  citizens . 

446 

25 

420 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

224 

9 

214 

1 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

10 

10 

Can  read  and  write . 

189 

13 

176 

With  superior  education  . 

23 

3 

20 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

2,605 

56 

2,547 

2 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

783 

10 

773 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

43 

43 

Can  read  and  write . 

1,607 

40 

1,565 

2 

With  superior  education . 

172 

6 

166 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

1,371 

76 

11 

259 

1,025 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

904 

5 

8 

14 

877 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

12 

1 

1 

10 

Can  read  and  write . 

281 

24 

1 

119 

137 

With  superior  education . 

174 

46 

2 

125 

1 

This,  the  smallest  province  of  the  island  in  point  of  population, 
contained  but  20,181  males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  being  23  per 
cent  of  the  population  of  the  province.  It  was  composed,  first,  of 
12,518  whites  born  in  Cuba,  of  which  number  all  but  157  were  Cuban 
citizens;  second,  of  2,982  whites  born  in  Spain,  420  of  whom  were 
citizens  of  Spain,  and  the  citizenship  of  2,547  was  in  suspense;  third, 
of  261  whites  born  in  other  countries,  and,  fourth,  of  4,420  colored, 
including  negro,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of  these  1,025  were  of  foreign 
or  unknown  citizenship,  w  hile  3,392  were  citizens  of  Cuba. 

Of  the  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  15,759,  or 


CITIZENSHIP. 


109 


78  per  cent,  were  Cuban  citizens.  This  number  was  made  up  almost 
entirely  of  native  white  and  colored  Cubans,  the  number  of  persons 
born  in  Spain  or  in  other  countries  being  trifling.  Of  the  native  white 
Cuban  citizens,  49  per  cent,  or  nearly  one-half,  were  illiterate,  and 
of  the  colored  citizens,  52  per  cent,  or  a  little  more  than  one-half. 
About  one-half,  therefore,  of  the  Cuban  citizens,  taken  as  a  whole, 
were  unable  to  read. 

Of  the  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age,  10,460,  or  52  per  cent, 
were  able  to  read.  The  Cuban  citizens  able  to  read  numbered  7,949, 
or  76  per  cent  of  all  literate  males  of  voting  age. 

SANTA  CLARA. 


Citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education. 


• 

All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  of  voting  age . - . 

100,113 

45, 534 

21,953 

899 

31,727 

Cuban  citizens . 

71, 462 

44, 976 

66 

11 

26, 409 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

46, 084 

25, 118 

22 

6 

20, 938 

road  hut.  ran  not  write . 

915 

520 

395 

Can  read  and  write . 

23, 475 

18,374 

43 

4 

5, 054 

With  superior  education . 

988 

964 

1 

1 

22 

Spanish  citizens . 

1,481 

32 

1,447 

1 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

88 

2 

86 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

17 

1 

16 

ftan  rpad  and  write . 

1,330 

25 

1,304 

i 

With  superior  education . 

46 

4 

41 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

12, 947 

182 

12, 744 

2 

19 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

3,043 

41 

2, 992 

10 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

117 

4 

il3 

Can  read  and  write . 

9,556 

125 

9, 420 

2 

9 

With  superior  education . 

231 

12 

219 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

14,223 

344 

7,696 

885 

5,298 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

10, 304 

73 

5,113 

262 

4,856 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

123 

3 

95 

6 

19 

Can  read  and  write . 

3, 557 

210 

2, 455 

472 

420 

With  superior  education . 

239 

58 

33 

145 

3 

The  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  this  province 
was  100,113,  or  28  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  This  total  num¬ 
ber  was  composed,  first,  of  45,534  whites  of  Cuban  birth,  all  of  whom, 
excepting  558,  were  citizens  of  Cuba;  second,  of  21,953  whites  born 
in  Spain,  of  whom  66  only  were  citizens  of  Cuba;  1,447  were  citizens 
of  Spain,  and  7,696  were  citizens  of  other  countries  or  their  citizen¬ 
ship  was  unknown,  while  12,744,  or  considerably  more  than  half  of 
the  whites  of  Spanish  birth,  were  “  in  suspense;”  that  is,  they  had  not 
yet  decided  upon  their  future  citizenship;  third,  of  the  total  number 
899  were  born  in  other  countries,  and,  as  a  rule,  their  citizenship 
followed  the  country  of  birth;  and,  fourth,  of  31,727  colored  persons, 
including  black,  mixed,  and  Chinese.  Of  these  26,409  were  Cuban 


110 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 


citizens  and  5,298  were  citizens  of  other  or  unknown  countries,  most 
of  them  being  Chinese. 

The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  in  this  province  was  71,162,  or 
71  per  cent  of  all  persons  21  years  of  age  and  over;  the  citizens  of 
Spain  formed  but  2  per  cent  of  the  total;  those  in  suspense  formed  13 
per  cent,  and  the  citizens  of  other  or  unknown  countries  formed  11  per 
cent. 

The  above  number  of  Cuban  citizens  was  composed  almost  entirely 
of  the  two  classes  of  white  and  colored  of  Cuban  birth.  There  wTas  a 
trilling  number  of  persons  of  Spanish  birth  and  of  those  born  in  other 
countries  who  claimed  Cuban  citizenship,  but  their  number  is  too 
small  to  be  worth  consideration  in  this  connection.  The  white  Cuban 
citizens  numbered  11,976,  or  63  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  Cuban 
citizens.  Of  these  25,118,  or  56  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read.  The 
number  of  colored  Cuban  citizens  was  26,109,  or  37  per  cent  of  all, 
and  of  these  not  less  than  20,938,  or  79  per  cent,  were  unable  to  read. 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  who  were  able  to  read  was 
10,591,  or  11  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  The  Cuban  citizens 
able  to  read  numbered  25,378,  or  63  per  cent  of  all  able  to  read. 


SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


Citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education. 


* 

All  classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
countries. 

Colored. 

Total  voting  age . 

71,307 

31, 496 

9,421 

1,162 

29, 228 

Cuban  citizens . 

58, 722 

31, 034 

13 

9 

27, 666 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

38,981 

19, 068 

4 

1 

19, 908 

Can  read  but,  can  not  write . 

59-1 

223 

371 

Can  read  and  write . 

17,821 

10, 494 

9 

2 

7,316 

With  superior  education . 

1,326 

1,249 

6 

71 

Spanish  citizens.  _ 

1,160 

6 

1,151 

3 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

291 

289 

2 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

8 

8 

Can  read  and  write . 

815 

6 

808 

i 

With  superior  education . 

46 

46 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

8, 357 

118 

8,205 

12 

22 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

2, 788 

35 

2,736 

4 

13 

Can  read  but  can  not,  write.. 

89 

2 

87 

Can  read  and  write . 

5,196 

74 

5, 105 

8 

9 

With  superior  education . 

284 

7 

277 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

3,068 

338 

52 

1,141 

1,537 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

1,015 

10 

25 

111 

869 

Can  read,  but  can  not  write . 

14 

1 

2 

2 

9 

Can  read  and  write . 

1,501 

188 

19 

663 

631 

With  superior  education . 

538 

139 

6 

365 

28 

The  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  this  province 
was  71,307,  or  22  per  cent  of  the  population  of  the  province. 


CITIZENSHIP. 


Ill 


This  number  was  composed — 

First,  of  white  persons  born  in  Cuba,  to  the  number  of  31,496,  or 
41  per  cent  of  all,  nearly  all  of  these  being  Cuban  citizens; 

Second,  of  whites  of  Spanish  birth,  numbering  9,421,  or  13  per  cent 
of  all;  of  this  number  much  the  larger  proportion  were  in  suspense  as 
to  their  future  citizenship; 

Third,  whites  born  in  other  countries,  to  the  number  of  1,162,  or  2 
per  cent  of  all;  and, 

Fourth,  colored,  including  black,  mixed,  and  Chinese,  to  the  number 
of  29,228,  which  formed  41  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  voting  age, 
most  of  whom  were  of  Cuban  birth  and  Cuban  citizenship. 

The  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  was  58,722,  or  82  per  cent  of  all 
males  over  21  years  of  age.  This  was  composed  of  31,056  whites  and 
27,666  colored.  Of  the  total  number  of  Cuban  citizens  38,981,  or  66 
per  cent,  were  unable  to  read;  of  the  white  Cuban  citizens  61  per  cent 
and  of  the  colored  Cuban  citizens  72  per  cent  were  illiterate. 

Spanish  citizens  numbered  1,160,  or  2  per  cent  of  all.  The  illiterates 
among  them  numbered  291,  forming  25  per  cent.  Those  in  suspense 
were  mainly  of  Spanish  birth,  numbering  8,357,  or  12  per  cent  of  all 
males  over  21  years  of  age.  Among  these  the  illiterates  numbered 
2,788,  or  33  per  cent.  The  number  of  persons  who  were  citizens  of 
other  countries  than  Cuba  or  Spain,  or  whose  citizenship  was  unknown, 
numbered  3,068,  forming  4  per  cent  of  all.  Of  these  1,015,  or  33  per 
cent,  were  unable  to  read  or  write. 

The  total  number  of  males  of  voting  age  who  were  able  to  read  was 
28,232,  or  40  per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  Of  these  19,741,  ox- 
70  per  cent,  were  Cuban  citizens. 

The  following  table  brings  together  the  proportion  which  the  males 
of  voting  age  bear  to  the  population  in  the  several  provinces  and  the 
city  of  Habana,  the  proportion  being  least  in  the  province  of  Santiago 
and  greatest  in  the  city  of  Habana: 


Proportion  of  males  of  voting  age  to  population. 


Province. 

Per  cent. 

Province. 

Per  cent. 

Santiago . 

22 

Matanzas . 

27.  5 

Puerto  Principe . 

23 

Santa  Clara . 

28 

32 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

25 

Habana  city . 

Habana,  excluding  city . 

27 

The  following  table  brings  together  the  proportion  of  the  literate 
males  of  voting  age  who  were  born  in  Cuba  to  all  literate  males  of  vot¬ 
ing  age  in  the  several  provinces  and  the  city  of  Habana.  It  is  seen 
that  this  proportion  is  least  in  Habana  city,  whei’e  less  than  half  the 
literate  votei’s  ai'e  of  Cuban  birth,  and  is  greatest  in  Puerto  Principe, 
where  they  constitute  more  than  thi’ee- fourths. 


112 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Proportion  of  literate  males  of  voting  age  who  were  born  in  Cuba  to  all  literate  males  of 

voting  age. 


Province. 

Per  cent. 

Province. 

Per  cent. 

Habana  city . 

45 

Habana,  excluding  city . 

66 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

59 

Santiago . _ . 

70 

76 

Matanzas . 

Cl 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

63 

( 

h 


STATISTICS  OF  FAMILIES. 

1  family,  in  the  ordinary  or  popular  sense  of  the  word,  means  a 
>Toup  of  persons  bound  together  by  ties  of  kindred.  Usually  they 
live  together,  but  this  is  not  necessarily  involved  in  the  word,  for  a 
married  son  or  daughter  occupying  a  separate  house  is  regarded  as  still 
a  member  of  the  family.  On  the  other  hand,  not  all  persons  who  live 
with  the  family  are  deemed  members,  for  servants,  laborers,  or  board¬ 
ers  are  excluded. 

The  census  finds  such  a  definition  of  the  family  inapplicable  to  its 
field  of  work.  The  test  of  kindred  can  not  be  applied  by  the  enumer¬ 
ator.  In  many  cases  families  of  relatives  are  dispersed  through  the 
community,  returns  about  them  come  through  different  enumerators, 
and  their  names  and  the  facts  about  them  can  not  be  assembled  on  the 
schedules  or  tabulated  together.  Accordingly  in  this  field,  as  in  sev¬ 
eral  others,  the  census  is  forced  to  abandon  the  effort  to  bring  together 
data  that  belong  together  and  confine  itself  to  the  simpler  and  more 
practicable  task  of  tabulating  together  data  that  are  found  by  the  enu¬ 
merators  conjoined.  The  census  test  of  a  family  is  not  kinship  b}T 
blood,  but  association  in  home  life.  Persons  living  in  the  same  home 
are  for  census  purposes  members  of  the  same  family. 

In  census  usage,  therefore,  the  word  u family’’  means  the  group  of 
people,  whether  related  by  blood  or  not,  who  share  a  common  dwelling 
and  table.  If  one  person  sleeps  and  eats  alone,  he  constitutes  for  cen¬ 
sus  purposes  a  family.  On  the  other  hand,  if  a  large  group  of  people 
sleep  and  eat  in  a  common  dwelling,  like  a  hotel  or  convent,  they 
make  up  a  single  census  family.  Census  families,  therefore,  may  be 
divided  into  two  classes:  Natural  families  or  families  in  the  popular 
sense  of  that  word,  and  “other  families.”  Members  of  a  natural 
family  are  bound  together  primarily  by  ties  of  kindred.  Members  of 
other  families  are  bound  together  primarily  b}r  other  motives,  usually 
of  an  economic  character.  The  latter  may  perhaps  without  great  vio¬ 
lence  to  the  facts  be  called  economic  families.  These  two  classes  of 
motives  may  and  often  do  coexist,  but  the  family  should  be  classed 
with  natural  families  or  with  economic  families  according  to  the  class 
of  motives  which  is  primary.  For  example,  a  family  having  only  one 
boarder  should  doubtless  be  grouped  with  natural  families,  but  a  fam- 


SIZE  OF  FAMILIES. 


113 


ily  in  which  the  boarders  largely  outnumber  the  blood  relatives  should 
be  grouped  with  economic  families. 

SIZE  OF  FAMILIES. 

(See  Table  XXXIX.) 

The  limits  of  size  are  much  wider  in  the  economic  family  than  in 
the  natural  family.  The  economic  family  may  consist  of  one  person 
living  alone,  of  two  partners  living  together  at  their  place  of  business, 
of  three  or  more  boarders  living  with  a  housekeeper,  or  of  hundreds 
of  guests,  nuns,  or  prisoners  living  together  in  a  hotel,  convent,  or 
prison.  On  the  basis  of  number  of  members  alone  no  sharp  lines  can 
be  drawn  between  natural  families  and  economic  families.  Still, 
the  only  classification  of  census  families  presented  in  the  tables  of  this 
volume  is  that  by  size,  and  on  this  basis,  therefore,  an  attempt  may 
perhaps  be  ventured  to  divide  census  families  into  two  classes,  one  of 
which  should  consist  mainly  of  natural  families  and  the  other  mainly 
of  economic  families. 

As  a  natural  family  can  not  be  composed  of  a  single  member,  the 
lower  limit  of  size  for  a  natural  family  may  be  drawn  with  confidence 
between  two  members  and  one.  The  higher  limit  is  more  vague  and 
uncertain.  Yet  it  seems  that  if  all  families  of  more  than  ten  persons 
are  grouped  as  economic  families,  a  large  proportion,  if  not  a  majority, 
of  the  persons  in  them  might  be  assumed  to  be  living  apart  from  their 
kindred — that  is,  as  farm  laborers  in  their  employer’s  family,  or  as 
boarders,  lodgers,  or  residents  of  hotels,  schools,  prisons,  or  other 
institutions  treated  by  the  census  as  a  family,  but  not  so  regarded  in 
ordinary  speech.  On  this  basis,  therefore,  the  families  in  Cuba  may  be 
divided  into  the  following  three  groups: 

1.  Families  of  one  member. 

2.  Families  of  two  to  ten  members. 

3.  Families  of  more  than  ten  members. 

Of  these  groups  the  second  consists  mainly  of  natural  families,  the 
first  entirely  and  the  third  largely,  if  not  mainly,  of  economic  families. 

Families  of  one  member. — This  class  in  Cuba  numbered  30,614,  or 
1.95  per  cent  of  the  population,  while  in  the  United  States  and  Porto 
Rico  the  corresponding  per  cents  were  only  0.74  and  0.82  respectively. 
The  first  hypothesis  that  arises  to  explain  the  relatively  large  number 
of  Cubans  living  alone  is  that  many  families  may  have  broken  apart 
by  the  events  of  the  last  few  years.  But  when  the  provinces  and 
Habana  City  are  examined  separately,  Pinar  del  Rio  is  found  to  have 
had  much  the  smallest  ratio  of  persons  living  out  of  families  and 
Habana  City  the  largest.  While  this  result  disproves  the  hypothesis 
just  mentioned,  it  suggests  another,  viz,  that  the  proportion  living 
24662 - 8 


114 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

out  of  families  may  be  connected  with  the  proportion  of  urban  popu¬ 
lation.  The  following  table  tests  the  second  theory: 


/ 

Province  or  city. 

Per  cent 
of  urban 
popula¬ 
tion 

8,000  (+). 

Per  cent 
of  popu¬ 
lation  liv¬ 
ing  in 
families 
of  1  mem¬ 
ber. 

Habana  City . 

100 

3. 96 

Matanzas  province . 

28.8 

2.41 

Puerto  Principe  province . 

28.4 

2. 48 

Santa  Clara  province . 

22.5 

1.48 

Habana  province  (excluding  Habana  City) . 

22.1 

1.67 

Santiago  province . 

17.5 

1.40 

Pinar  del  Rio  province . 

5.1 

.70 

This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  persons  in  Cuba  living 
alone  varies  directly  with  the  proportion  of  urban  population,  or,  in 
paradoxical  form,  as  people  crowd  together  into  cities  living  alone 
becomes  more  common.  To  test  this  inference  still  further,  the  fol¬ 
lowing  table  has  been  prepared: 


Total  pop¬ 
ulation. 

Popula¬ 
tion  in 
families 
of  1  mem¬ 
ber. 

Per  cent 
of  total 
popu¬ 
lation. 

14  cities  separately  reported . 

491,504 

1,081,293 

15, 806 
14,808 

3.2 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

1.4 

In  less  than  half  a  million  urban  residents  there  were  more  persons 
living  alone  than  in  the  million  of  rural  population,  and  in  the  cities 
the  per  cent  of  persons  living  alone  was  more  than  double  what  it  was 
in  the  country.  In  each  of  the  fourteen  cities  separately  reported  the 
per  cent  of  such  persons  is  higher  than  the  rural  average.  The  range 
of  per  cents  for  these  cities  is  from  Puerto  Principe  (4.1)  and  Habana 
(4)  to  Pinar  del  Rio  (1.8)  and  Trinidad  (1.8). 

Families  of  11  or  more  members. — Such  families  in  Cuba  included 
202,175  persons,  or  12.9  per  cent  of  the  entire  population — that  is, 
between  0  and  7  times  as  many  persons  were  living  in  these  big  families 
as  were  living  alone.  In  this  respect  Cuba  differs  widely  from  the 
United  States,  where  only  6.7  per  cent  of  the  population  lived  in  such 
families,  and  from  the  South  Central  States  of  this  country,  where 
race  conditions  and  agriculture  are  somewhat  like  those  of  Cuba,  but 
where  the  proportion  of  population  in  families  of  more  than  10  mem¬ 
bers  was  the  same  as  the  average  for  the  entire  United  States. 

As  hotels,  boarding  houses,  and  institutions  are  more  common  in 
cities  than  in  the  country,  the  hypothesis  suggests  itself  that  these 
large  census  families,  like  the  very  small  ones,  are  most  common  in 
the  cities. 


A.  Hoen  &  Cc  Balto'  Li f h 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


CITY  OF  HABANA 

SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIVITY 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


c 

SIN 

3LE 

V 

AR 

RIE 

D 

1  1 

VIN 

J 

-  ■  ■  ■ 

V. 

IDO'WEb 

! — 

LITERARY  AND  EDUCATION 

10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER 


BIRTHPLACE 


— 

30F 

IN 

IN 

CL 

JBA 

BC 

DRts 

1 

N  5 

SPA 

IN 

..L  i  - 

CITIZENSHIP 


CU 

BA 

SI  C 

sit 

ZE 

NS 

*  A  N  1  g  H 

arr 

tth 

□ 

i 

M 

SUSPENSE 

j  ! 

r  1 

_ 

_ 

OTHER  Cl'TIZj 

;NSHIP  | 

A  HOEK  a  CO.  BALTIMORE. 


SIZE  OF  FAMILIES. 


115 


The  following  table  tests  the  conjecture. 


• 

Total  pop¬ 
ulation. 

Popula¬ 
tion  in 
families 
of  11  + 
members. 

Per  cent 
of  total 
popula- 
w  tion. 

14  cities  separately  reported . 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

491,504 

1,081,293 

58, 675 
143, 500 

11.9 

13.3 

These  very  large  families  therefore  were  more  common,  or  at  least 
embraced  a  larger  proportion  of  the  population,  not  in  cities,  but  in 
the  rural  districts.  Still  the  difference  is  but  slight.  The  per  cent 
of  population  in  the  rural  districts  living  in  these  very  large  families 
was  least  in  Santiago  (11  per  cent)  and  greatest  in  Pinar  del  Rio  (17  per 
cent).  In  Matanzas  and  Habana  it  was  12  per  cent,  in  Puerto  Principe 
and  Santa  Clara  Id  per  cent.  Among  the  Id  cities  the  proportion  of 
population  living  in  very  large  families  was  perceptiblv  less  in  those 
tying  in  the  eastern  half  of  Cuba. 

Families  of  from  %  to  10  members. — As  Cuba  had  a  much  larger  pro¬ 
portion  of  its  population  in  economic  families  than  had  the  United 
States,  it  follows  necessarily  that  the  proportion  of  the  population  liv¬ 
ing  in  natural  families  or  families  within  the  ordinary  range  of  sizes  was 
less.  While  in  the  United  States  nearly  93  per  cent  (92.6)  of  the  pop¬ 
ulation  were  living  in  families  of  2  to  10  members,  in  Cuba  only  85  per 
cent  (85.2)  were  so  living.  The  proportion  of  population  living  in  fam¬ 
ilies  of  this  size  varied  in  different  provinces  as  follows: 


Provinces. 

Per  cent 
of  popu¬ 
lation  in 
families 
of  2  to  10 
mem¬ 
bers. 

Provinces. 

Per  cent 
of  popu¬ 
lation  in 
families 
of  2  to  10 
mem¬ 
bers. 

Habana  City . 

82. 1 

Matanzas . 

85.9 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

83.9 

Habana,  excluding  city . 

86.4 

Santa  Clara . 

84.9 

Santiago . 

87.7 

Puerto  Principe . 

85.6 

The  small  proportion  of  persons  in  such  families  in  Habana  was  con¬ 
nected  with  the  large  representation  of  very  small  and  very  large  fam¬ 
ilies,  while  in  Pinar  del  Rio  it  was  connected  with  the  proportion  of 
large  families,  so  great  as  to  more  than  offset  the  very  small  number 
of  persons  living  alone. 

These  families  having  from  2  to  10  members  may  conveniently  be 
subdivided  into  three  classes:  Small  families — that  is,  those  having  2, 
3,  or  d  members;  families  of  medium  size — that  is,  those  having  5,  6, 
or  7  members,  and  large  families — that  is,  those  having  8,  9,  or  10 
members.  The  members  of  natural  families,  or  families  having 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


116 


between  2  and  10  members,  in  each  province  have  been  thus  subdi¬ 
vided,  with  results  shown  in  the  following  table: 


9 

Province. 

Absolute  number  of  persons  in  fami¬ 
lies  of — 

Percentage  of  persons  in 
families  of  2  to  10  mem¬ 
bers  living  in — 

2  to  10 
members. 

2  to  4 
mem¬ 
bers,  i.  e., 
small 
families. 

5  to  7 
mem¬ 
bers,  i.  e., 
families 
of  medi¬ 
um  size. 

8  to  10 
mem¬ 
bers,  i.  e., 
large 
families. 

Small 

families. 

Families 
of  medi¬ 
um  size. 

Large 

families. 

Ilabana,  excluding  city . 

163,214 

56,011 

70,488 

36, 715 

34.3 

43.2 

22.5 

Habana  city . 

193, 750 

80,  912 

74,584 

38,2.54 

41.8 

38.5 

19.7 

Matanzas . 

173, 897 

62, 838 

72,  683 

38,376 

36.1 

41.8 

22.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

143, 388 

38, 608 

62, 757 

42, 023 

26.9 

43.8 

29.3 

Puerto  Principe . 

75, 559 

23, 805 

30, 609 

21,145 

31.5 

40.5 

28.0 

Santa  Clara . 

302,  665 

97, 126 

129, 825 

75, 714 

32.1 

42.9 

25.0 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

287, 535 

84,028 

122,147 

81, 360 

29.2 

42. 5 

28.3 

Cuba . 

1,340,008 

443, 328 

563, 093 

333,587 

33.1 

42.0 

24.9 

Apparently  the  size  of  families  among  white  and  colored  in  Cuba 
was  about  the  same.  For  in  the  preceding  table  the  percentages  for 
Santiago,  where  there  were  most  colored,  differed  little  from  those  for 
Puerto  Principe,  where  there  were  most  whites. 

Families  of  2  to  1  members  included  about  one-third  of  all  the  per¬ 
sons  living  in  families  of  2  to  10  persons — that  is,  the  great  number  of 
such  families  just  compensated  for  their  small  size.  Large  families  on 
the  contraiy,  i.  e.,  those  with  8  to  10  members,  were  so  few  relatively 
that  the  number  of  persons  living  in  them  was  only  one-fourth  of  the 
total.  The  deficiency  in  this  group  must  be  made  up,  as  it  is,  in  the 
group  of  medium-sized  families,  5  to  7  members,  in  which  over  two- 
fifths  of  the  population  in  the  entire  group  lived. 

The  following  table  shows  the  proportion  of  the  total  population  of 
Cuba  living  in  families  of  specified  size,  and  for  purposes  of  compari¬ 
son  columns  have  been  added  giving  the  same  ratios  for  the  United 
States  and  Porto  Rico: 


Number  of  members  in  family. 

Per  mille 
living 
specific 
bers. 

Cuba. 

of  total  pc 
in  famili 
d  number 

Porto 

Rico. 

ipulation 
es  with 
of  mem- 

United 

States 

(1890). 

1 . 

19 

8 

7 

9 

64 

43 

53 

3 . 

98 

85 

101 

4 . 

120 

116 

153 

5 . 

126 

135 

141 

6 . 

122 

135 

136 

109 

122 

121 

8 . 

90 

102 

96 

9 . 

70 

81 

69 

10 . 

52 

58 

56 

11-+- . 

130 

115 

67 

Total . 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

Average  size  of  family . 

4.8 

5.3 

4.9 

CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 

NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES,  AND  OF  PERSONS,  CLASSIFIED 
»  BY  SIZE  OF  FAMILIES 


A  HOENaCO  BALTIMORE 


SIZE  OF  FAMILIES  AND  MARITAL  CONDITION. 


117 


In  comparing  Cuba  with  the  United  States,  as  one  may  from  the 
figures  of  the  preceding  table,  it  appears  that  the  average  size  of  the 
family  in  Cuba  was  somewhat  less  than  in  America.  Small  families 
of  1  or  2  members  and  also  very  large  families  of  11  members  or 
above  were  more  common  in  Cuba,  while  families  of  medium  range, 
from  3  to  10  (with  a  slight  exception  at  9),  were  more  common  in 
the  United  States.  The  smaller  average  size  of  the  family  in  Cuba 
was  apparently  due  to  the  great  number  of  families  of  one  or  two 
members. 

The  differences  which  appear  from  a  comparison  of  Cuba  with  Porto 
Rico  are  similar  but  somewhat  more  sharp.  Small  families — that  is, 
those  of  from  1  to  4  members — and  also  large  families  of  over  11 
members,  were  relatively  more  numerous  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Pico, 
while,  on  the  other  hand,  families  of  from  5  to  10  members  were  more 
prevalent  in  Porto  Rico.  In  both  these  islands  the  proportion  of 
persons  living  in  very  large  families  was  about  double  what  it  was  in 
the  United  States. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 
(See  Tables  XV  to  XVIII.) 


A  natural  family,  in  distinction  from  groups  of  persons  called  fam¬ 
ilies  only  by  the  census,  usually  originates  when  a  man  and  a  woman 
begin  to  live  with  each  other  and  apart  from  their  kindred.  If  the 
man  or  the  woman  goes  to  live  with  the  kindred  of  the  other  party, 
the  census  does  not  regard  this  as  a  new  family.  Under  American 
law  such  a  commencement  of  cohabitation  is  usually  preceded  by  an 
expression  of  social  approval  on  the  union  in  the  form  of  a  marriage 
ceremony,  civil  or  religious.  American  legislation  tends  to  encourage 
such  public  announcement  of  the  intent  of  the  parties  by  making  the 
ceremony  easy  and  inexpensive.  American  courts  also  incline  to 
hold  parties  married,  if  they  were  legally  able  to  marry  and  intended 
to  do  so,  even  though  they  did  not  meet  all  the  requirements  of  the 
law.  For  example,  emancipated  slaves  in  the  United  States  have 
usually  been  held  to  be  married  to  the  persons  with  whom  they  were 
cohabiting  and  the  court  has  not  insisted  that  a  ceremony  should  be 
proved.  The  Spanish  law,  on  the  contrary,  like  the  law  of  most  Catholic 
countries,  holds  that  a  ceremony  of  marriage  is  necessary  to  institute 
a  lawful  relation  of  husband  and  wife,  and  under  its  provisions  the 
intent  of  the  parties  is  by  no  means  so  decisive  a  factor  as  it  is  under 
American  decisions. 

As  a  result  of  the  transitional  condition  of  affairs  in  Cuba  when  the 
present  census  was  taken,  a  class  of  persons  has  been  recognized  who 
would  not  be  legal  husband  and  wife,  or  legal  parent  and  child,  under 
Spanish  law,  but  in  most  cases  would  be  under  American  law.  These 
are  persons  who  were  living  together  as  husband  and  wife  without 


118 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


legal  sanction  of  their  union  and  also  the  children  of  such  persons. 
While  this  census  thus  recognizes  a  marital  class  in  addition  to  such 
as  ordinarily  appears  in  statistical  returns,  it  omits  one  class  commonly 
reported — that  of  divorced  persons.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  divorce 
is  not  allowed  by  Spanish  or  Cuban  law.  The  classes  which  do  appear 
are  (1)  the  single,  within  which  is  included  everyone  who  has  never  been 
lawfully  married  and  who  on  the  census  day  was  not  living  without 
legal  sanction  as  the  husband  or  wife  of  another;  (2)  those  living 
together  by7  mutual  consent  but  without  sanction  of  law  as  husband 
and  wife;  (3)  those  living  together  in  lawful  wedlock,  and  (4)  those 
who  have  been  lawfully  married,  but  whose  marriage  before  the  census 
day  had  been  ended  by  the  death  of  the  other  party.  These  may  be 
roughly  classed  as  the  never  married,  the  partly  married,  the  fully  mar¬ 
ried,  and  the  widowed. 

The  married. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  the  family,  perhaps  the  primary  group 
among  these  four  is  the  lawfully  married.  The  number  of  such  persons 
reported  by  the  present  census  is  246,351,  or  between  one-sixth  and  one- 
seventh  (15.  7  per  cent)  of  the  total  population.  The  only  two  preceding 
censuses,  we  believe,  in  which  the  same  information  was  reported 
are  those  of  1841  and  1861.  In  1841  8  per  cent  and  in  1861  16.5  per 
cent  of  the  population  were  married.  The  proportion  of  married 
has  thus  decreased  slightly7  in  the  last  thirty-eight  years — a  decrease 
the  more  surprising  when  one  considers  that  during  the  same  period, 
as  shown  in  the  discussion  of  sex  (p.  81),  the  relative  number 
of  females  has  rapidly  increased,  and  the  sexes  become  much  more 
nearly  equal  in  numbers.  As  the  present  proportion  of  children  in 
Cuba  is  below  that  in  1861,  the  proportion  of  married  to  the  adidt 
population  has  decreased  faster  than  these  figures  would  indicate. 
The  present  proportion  is  somewhat  less  than  that  in  Porto  Rico  (16.6 
per  cent)  and  less  than  half  that  in  the  United  States  in  1890  (35.7  per 
cent).  As  the  attitude  of  American  law  toward  marriage  is  widely 
different  from  that  of  Spanish  law,  it  may  be  fairer  to  compare  Cuban 
conditions  in  this  regard  with  those  of  Catholic  Europe.  In  every 
one  of  the  great  countries  in  Europe  except  Ireland  and  Scotland  the 
proportion  of  married  persons  in  the  total  population  is  at  least  twice 
what  it  is  in  Cuba.  The  same  is  true  of  Mexico,  where,  by  the  census 
of  1895,  31  per  cent  were  reported  as  married.  Among  the  other  West 
Indian  islands  too,  for  which  information  is  obtainable,  notwithstanding 
the  great  proportion  of  negroes  in  many  of  them,  and  the  readiness  of 
members  of  that  recently  emancipated  race  to  establish  a  family  with¬ 
out  an  initial  ceremony  of  marriage,  the  proportion  of  married  is  some¬ 
what  higher  than  in  Cuba — Martinique  (10.8  per  cent  married)  and 
Trinidad  (14.4  per  cent  married)  being  the  only7  exceptions.  If,  as  is 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


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THE  MARRIED. 


119 


commonly  asserted,  a  low  proportion  of  married  usually  witnesses  to 
poverty  and  distress,  the  proportion  in  Cuba,  lower  than  almost  any¬ 
where  else  and  lower  than  in  1861,  may  be  partly  due  to  her  recent 
economic  disasters. 

The  proportion  of  married  to  population  varied  in  the  provinces  of 
Cuba  as  appears  from  the  following*  table: 


Province. 

Per  cent  of 
population 
married. 

Puerto  Principe . 

19.5 

Habana  (excluding  city)  . 

18.8 

Habana  city . 

17.8 

Santa  Clara . 

16.0 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

15.7. 

Matanzas . 

13.4 

Santiago . 

12.3 

Cuba . 

15.7 

The  two  adjoining  eastern  provinces  had'  respectively  the  lowest 
and  highest  proportions  of  married.  Some  reasons  for  this  difference 
will  appear  later. 

Whether  the  married  persons  in  Cuba  were  found  more  in  cities  or  in 
the  country  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 


Total  popula¬ 
tion. 

Married. 

District. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Fourteen  cities . 

491, 504 
1,081,293 

82, 226 
164, 125 

16.7 

15.3 

Rest  of  island . . . 

This  seems  to  show  that  marriage  was  more  common  in  the  urban 
districts  of  Cuba.  But  such  a  difference  might  arise  from  a  grouping 
of  the  cities  mainly  in  provinces  where  marriage  was  most  common. 
Hence  in  the  following  table  the  analysis  is  pushed  one  step  farther: 


Per  cent  married  in — 

Province. 

Urban  dis- 

Rural  dis- 

tricts. 

tricts. 

Habana . 

17.  7 

19. 1 

Matanzas . 

15.8 

12.4 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

14.9 

15.6 

Puerto  Principe . 

19.7 

19.4 

Santa  Clara . 

15. 1 

16.2 

Santiago . 

14.0 

12.0 

Cuba . 

16.5 

15.0 

This  table  brings  to  light  differences  between  the  provinces  which 
were  hidden  in  the  summary.  In  two  provinces,  Habana  and  Santa 
Clara,  marriage  was  more  prevalent  in  the  rural  districts;  in  the  other 
four  the  reverse  was  true.  Puerto  Principe  and  Habana  led  in  propor¬ 
tion  of  married,  both  in  the  urban  and  in  the  rural  districts,  and  in 


120 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


both  classes  Santiago  was  the  last.  But  in  the  other  three  provinces  the 
position  of  the  urban  groups  did  not  agree  with  that  of  the  rural 
population. 

In  the  proportion  of  married  to  the  total  population,  the  cities  stood 
as  follows: 


City. 

Per  cent 
married. 

City. 

Per  cent 
married. 

Regia . 

21.0 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

15.4 

Puerto  Principe . 

19.7 

Trinidad . 

15.2 

Habana  . 

17.8 

Guanabacoa  . 

14.7 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

17.2 

Santa  Clara . 

14.2 

Cardenas . 

16.6 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

13.5 

Cienfuegos  . 

16.0 

Santiago . 

13.3 

Matanzas . 

15.4 

Manzanillo . 

11.7 

The  relatively  high  proportion  of  married  in  the  capital  and  its 
suburb,  Regia,  and  the  low  position  of  the  two  cities  in  Santiago 
province  are  noteworthy.  But  why  Guanabacoa  should  rank  so  much 
below  the  other  two  cities  of  Habana  province  or  the  cities  of  Matan- 
zas  and  Santa  Clara  provinces  should  come  next  to  those  of  Santiago 
does  not  appear. 

The  married  classified  by  sex. — Among  the  married  125,067  were 
males  and  121,281  were  females.  The  proportion  of  each  sex  who 
were  married  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Sex. 

Total. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Males . 

815, 205 
757, 592 

125, 067 
121, 284 

15.3 

16.0 

Females . 

The  proportion  of  married  women  to  the  total  of  that  sex  was  above 
the  proportion  of  married  men,  and,  if  one  assumes  that  the  number 
of  men  having  lawful  wives  on  the  island  was  no  greater  than  the 
reported  number  of  married  women,  the  ratio  of  such  men  to  all 
males  (14.9  per  cent)  was  over  1  per  cent  below  that  of  the  married 
women  to  all  females.  The  excess  in  the  number  of  married  males 
was  found  mainly  in  Habana  province,  about  seven-tenths  of  it  being- 
concentrated  there.  This  fact  suggests  that  the  excess  of  husbands 
was  probably  due  to  the  immigration  of  married  men  without  their 
wives.  The  only  previous  census  giving  comparable  facts  is  that  of 
1801.  At  that  time  14.8  per  cent  of  the  males  and  18.7  p'er  cent  of  the 
females  were  married,  and  the  difference  between  the  two  sexes  was 
over  five  times  what  it  now  is.  The  change  is  doubtless  connected 
with  the  growing  numerical  equality  between  the  sexes. 

The  married  classified  by  aye. — Marriage  never  extends  through  the 
entire  life.  All  persons  are  born  single  and  probably  only  a  minority 
attain  adult  years  and  marry.  The  age  at  which  marriage  occurs 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


CUBA 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION  BY  RACE,  SEX,  AND  AGE 


TOTAL  POPULATION 

MALE  FEMALE 


Over  65 
55-65 
45-55 
35-45 
25-35 
15-25 

Under  15 


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55-65 
45-55 
35-45 
25-35 
15-25 

Under  15 


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MALE 


FEMALE 


Over  65 
55-65 
45-55 
35-45 
25-35 
15-25 

Under  15 


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SINGLE 


LIVING  TOGETHER  BY  MUTUAL  CONSENT 


MARRIED 


WIDOWED 


A.KOEN&CO  BALTIMORE 


121 


THE  MARRIED  CLASSIFIED  BY  AGE. 

varies  with  sex,  class,  and  social  customs.  Of  the  minority  who 
marry  half  become  widows  or  widowers  before  their  own  death.  The 
likelihood  of  this  separation  increases  with  age.  Hence,  it  is  of 
fundamental  importance  to  study  the  age  composition  of  the  married. 

It  is  usual  to  assume  that  marriage  does  not  begin  with  either  sex 
until  the  age  of  15.  In  fact  the  present  census  showed  67  persons  under 
15  to  be  married,  but  probably  some  of  these  are  enumerators’  errors. 
When  the  children  under  15  are  excluded,  the  proportion  between 
those  of  marriageable  age  and  those  actually  married  becomes  more 
significant.  It  is  as  follows: 


Country. 

Population 
15  years  and 
over. 

Married. 

Total. 

Per 

cent. 

Cuba . . 

995, 761 

246, 351 

24.7 

Porto  Rico . 

534, 941 

158, 570 

29.6 

United  States  (1890) . 

40, 380, 050 

22, 329, 990 

55.  3 

In  a  former  paragraph  (p.  118)  it  was  shown  that  the  proportion  of 
married  in  Cuba  was  slightly  below  that  in  Porto  Rico  and  lower  than 
anywhere  else  in  the  West  Indies  except  Trinidad  and  Martinique. 
From  this  table  it  appears  that  when  adults  alone  are  considered  the 
difference  between  Porto  Rico  and  Cuba  is  increased,  since  Cuba  had 
few  and  Porto  Rico  very  many  young  children.  In  Trinidad,  if  the 
East  Indians  be  excluded,  the  proportion  of  married  in  the  adult 
population  (29  per  cent)  was  decidedly  greater  than  in  Cuba,  so  that 
among  adults  marriage  is  apparently  less  common  in  Cuba  than  else¬ 
where  in  the  West  Indies  except  Martinique. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  persons  living  in  each  age 
group  and  the  number  and  per  cent  reported  as  married: 


Age  period. 

Number  of 
persons. 

Married. 

Per  cent 
married 
in  United 
States 
(1890). 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

15-19 . 

178, 035 

5, 753 

3.2 

5.0 

20-24 . 

152,  959 

23, 495 

15.4 

32.8 

25-29 . 

137,  405 

39, 538 

28.8 

61.7 

30-34 . 

118,812 

44,060 

37.1 

75.3 

35-44 . 

185, 056 

72,  637 

39.3 

80.0 

45-54 . 

117,528 

38,  788 

33.0 

79. 3 

55-64 . 

68, 182 

16,381 

24.0 

71.8 

65+ . 

37, 699 

5,  624 

14.9 

53.3 

Unknown  . 

85 

8 

9.4 

33.1 

Total . 

995, 761 

246, 284 

24.7 

55.3 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  relative  number  of  married  among 
Cubans  between  15  and  20  was  rather  more  than  half  what  it  was  in 
the  United  States;  that  from  20  to  45  the  number  was  very  close  co 
half,  but  at  later  periods  it  diminished  until  it  was  between  one-third 
and  one-fourth  the  American  proportion. 


122 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Early  marriage  was  apparently  somewhat  more  common  in  Cuba 
relative  to  the  total  number  of  marriages  than  in  the  United  States. 
Of  the  total  number  married  2.1  per  cent  were  below  20  years  of  age 
while  in  the  United  States  the  corresponding  per  cent  was  only  1.5. 
The  maximum  proportion  of  married  was  in  the  age  period  35-11, 
at  which  about  two  persons  out  of  every  live  were  married.  The  low 
proportion  of  married  in  the  later  age  periods  may  be  a  result  of  the 
fact  that  when  such  persons  were  young  the  obstacles  to  marriage 
were  greater  owing  to  the  high  ratio  of  males,  since  forty  years  ago 
nearly  three-fifths  of  all  whites  on  the  island  were  male. 

As  the  number  of  married  at  each  age  period  varies  widely  accord¬ 
ing  to  sex,  the  analysis  of  provinces  will  be  given  in  detail  under  the 
topic  of  age  and  sex.  In  the  following  table  the  per  cent  of  all  adults 
(15+)  who  were  married  is  given  by  provinces.  As  it  has  previously 
been  shown  that  the  married  were  most  numerous  in  Puerto  Principe 
and  least  numerous  in  Santiago,  similar  relations  may  be  expected  to 
appear  in  the  present  table. 


Province. 

Per  cent 
of  adults 
(15+)  who 
were  mar¬ 
ried. 

Percent  of 
population 
of  all  ages 
who  were 
married. 

Puerio  Principe . 

34. 1 

19.5 

Habana  (excluding city) . 

28.5 

18.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

25.8 

15.7 

Santa  Clara . 

25.0 

16.0 

Habana  (city) . . 

24.8 

17.8 

Santiago . 

21.8 

12.3 

Matanzas . 

20.5 

13.4 

Cuba . 

24.7 

15.7 

One-fourth  of  all  persons  over  15  were  married  and  the  fraction  varies 
from  one-fifth  in  Matanzas  to  one-third  in  Puerto  Principe.  In  the 
United  States  one-half  the  adults  (55.3  per  cent)  were  married.  The 
large  proportion  of  married  in  Puerto  Principe  is  obscured  in  the  last 
column  above  by  the  very  large  proportion  of  persons  under  15  in 
that  province.  Among  its  adults  Matanzas  had  fewer  married  than 
Santiago.  Habana  city,  having  relatively  very  few  children,  makes  a 

<  J  7  O  %J 

better  showing,  therefore,  in  the  last  column  above  than  the  facts 
warrant  when  analyzed  by  age.  The  first  column  above  shows  the 
proportion  of  adults  in  Habana  city  to  be  almost  exactly  the  same  as 
the  average  for  the  whole  island. 

The  married  classified  by  sex  and  age. — It  is  a  familiar  fact  that  men 
usually  marry  several  years  later  in  life  than  women.  Hence  it  is 
important  to  supplement  the  foregoing  analysis  by  one  which  exam¬ 
ines  the  marital  condition  of  the  two  sexes  separately  by  age  periods, 
as  is  done  in  the  following  table.  The  figures  for  the  United  States 
are  introduced  for  purposes  of  comparison. 


THE  MARRIED  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX. 


123 


Age  period 

Per  cent  married  in 
Cuba  among  total 
of  age  and  sex  speci¬ 
fied. 

Per  cent  married  in 
United  States  (1890) 
among  total  of  age 
and  sex  specified. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

15-19  . 

.2 

5.5 

20.0 

34.3 
+42.1 

39.4 
31.6 
23.1 

10.5 

6.0 

25.9 

38.8 
+40.4 

35.8 
25.3 
15.0 

6.7 

7.2 

.5 

18.9 
52.7 

71.3 

80.9 
+84.3 

82.3 
70.5 
28.1 

9.5 

46.7 

71.4 

79.8 
+80.  6 

73.9 

60.4 

35.4 

41.9 

20-24  . 

25-29  . 

30-34  . 

35-44  . 

45-54  . 

65-64  . 

65+ . 

Unknown . 

All  ages . 

15.3 

16.0 

34.9 

36.4 

The  highest  ratio  of  married  men  was  found  between  35  and  15,  while 
the  highest  ratio  of  married  women  was  found  between  30  and  35.  In 
the  United  States  the  highest  ratio  for  men  was  ten  years  and  for  women 
five  years  later.  The  ratio  of  married  men  20-21  years  old  was  less 
than  one-third  what  it  was  in  the  United  States,  while  the  ratio  of  mar¬ 
ried  women  15-21  years  old  was  more  than  one-half  what  it  was  in  the 
United  States.  This  suggests  that  the  early  marriages  just  shown  to 
be  somewhat  more  common  in  Cuba  than  in  the  United  States  may  be 
marriages  in  which  only  the  bride  is  especially  youthful  and  that  early 
marriages  of  men  may  be  no  more  common  than  in  the  United  States. 
To  test  this  the  per  cent  that  the  married  men  under  25  years  of  age 
made  of  all  married  men  and  the  married  women  under  20  made  of  all 
married  women  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Per  cent  that  married  persons  of  sex  and  age  specified  made  of  married  persons  of  sex 

specified  hut  all  ages. 


Country. 

Males 
under  25. 

Females 
under  20. 

Cuba . 

3.6 

4.7 

United  States  (1890) . . 

5.4 

3.5 

The  marriage  of  women  under  20  in  Cuba  was  more  common,  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  married  of  all  ages,  than  in  the  United  States,  but  the 
marriage  of  men  under  25  was  decidedly  less  common.  This  difference 
is  doubtless  a  result  of  the  recent  economic  disasters  in  Cuba,  which 
have  greatly  increased  the  difficulty  of  supporting  a  wife  and  family. 
These  disasters  have  apparently  delayed  the  marriage  of  men,  but 
perhaps  not  of  women.  The  early  marriages  of  women  may  no  doubt 
be  connected  with  a  fact  to  appear  from  analysis  of  the  occupation 
tables  (p.  157),  that  the  proportion  of  women  engaged  in  gainful  occu¬ 
pations  was  smaller  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Pico  or  the  United  States. 

The  married ,  classified  hy  sex  and  aye ,  by  provinces. — In  the  following- 
two  tables  the  analysis  of  marriage  by  sex  and  age  is  extended  to  the 
several  provinces. 


124 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 

Per  cent  married ,  hy  provinces  and  age  periods. 


MALES. 


Age  period. 

Habana 

city. 

Habana,  . 
excluding 
city. 

Matanzas. 

Pinar  del 
Rio. 

Puerto 

Principe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago. 

15-19 . 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.2 

0,3 

7.7 

0.2 

0.1 

20-24 . 

5.5 

7  3 

4.2 

6.1 

4.5 

5.4 

25-29 . 

17.7 

26.3 

17. 6 

20.8 

26.1 

18.5 

19.3 

30-34 . 

30.2 

42. 1 

30.6 

37.8 

44.4 

34.1 

31. 1 

35-44.. 

41.9 

49.5 

37.2 

45.0 

55.5 

42.5 

35.4 

45-54 . 

43.6 

45.5 

30. 2 

44.7 

53.7 

36.9 

35.8 

55-64 . 

37.8 

37.9 

20.5 

38.3 

47.7 

26.2 

32.3 

65 + . 

32.0 

26.1 

14.6 

24.7 

32.1 

17.7 

27.0 

Unknown  . 

11.1 

5.9 

8.3 

27.3 

15+ . 

24.2 

27.5 

20.0 

24.3 

33.5 

23. 2 

22. 3 

FEMALES. 


15-19 . 

6.0 

7.1 

3.7 

7. 1 

8.7 

5.8 

5.5 

20.24 . 

24. 3 

29.4 

19.9 

26.9 

37.0 

27.7 

23.4 

25-29 . 

35. 5 

45.1 

33. 6 

39.3 

50.6 

42.5 

33.7 

30-34 . 

39.1 

46.9 

35.4 

40.8 

54.1 

43.8 

33. 1 

35-44 . 

35.5 

41.0 

30.7 

39.9 

49.3 

38.6 

28  8 

45-54 . 

25.2 

29.0 

21.4 

31. 1 

37.8 

25.3 

20. 5 

55-64 . 

14.9 

19.0 

11.5 

19.4 

23.9 

13.9 

12.6 

65+ . 

5.8 

7.2 

5.2 

9.2 

11.3 

5.9 

6.8 

Unknown . 

20.0 

15+ . 

25.4 

29.6 

21.1 

27.7 

34.7 

27.1 

21.2 

The  highest  proportion  of  married  in  each  sex  and  at  each  age 
was  in  Puerto  Principe,  the  single  exception  being  among  the  males, 
25-29.  At  that  period  a  few  more  males  were  married  in  Habana 
province  outside  the  capital  than  in  Puerto  Principe.  The  smallest 
proportion  of  married  at  the  extremes  of  life,  15-29  and  55+  (or  45+ 
for  males),  was  found  for  both  sexes  in  Matanzas.  For  the  intervening 
age  periods  the  smallest  proportion  was  found,  with  one  slight  excep¬ 
tion,  in  Santiago.  The  women  30-54  years  old  in  1899  were  all  under 
35  when  the  ten-years’  war,  which  was  fought  mainty  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  island,  ended  by  the  capitulation  of  El  Zanjon.  Hence 
they  lived  through  the  years  in  which  marriage  usually  occurs  amidst 
confusion  and  struggle  that  doubtless  postponed  or  prevented  many 
marriages.  This  may  explain  in  part  the  low  proportion  of  married 
women  30-54  years  of  age  in  Santiago. 

Among  men  the  highest  proportion  of  married  was  usually  in  the 
period  35-44,  but  in  the  city  of  Habana  and  in  Santiago  it  was  in  the 
later  period,  45-54.  Among  women  the  highest  proportion  was  in  the 
group  30-34,  but  in  Santiago  it  fell  live  years  earlier.  This  suggests 
that  there  was  probably  a  wider  average  difference  in  Santiago  than 
elsewhere  between  the  ages  of  husband  and  wife. 

The  married  classified  by  race, — 1  n  a  previous  table  (p.  119)  it  appeared 
that  the  ratio  of  married  to  population  was  higher  in  Puerto  Principe 
and  lower  in  Santiago  than  in  any  other  province.  It  had  already 
appeared  (p.  90)  that  the  proportion  of  whites  was  higher  in  Puerto 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


CUBA 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


PINAR  DEL  RIO 


MATANZAS 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE 

SANTIAGO 

SINGLE 

MARRIED 


LIVING  TOGETHER  BY  MUTUAL  CONSENT 

WIDOWED 


A  HOEN  a  CO.  BALTIMORE 


125 


THE  MARRIED  CLASSIFIED  BY  RACE. 

Principe  and  lower  in  Santiago  than  in  any  other  province.  This  sug¬ 
gests  that  white  blood  and  lawful  marriage  may  be  related  phenomena. 
The  following  table  shows  that  the}r  vary  together  through  the  provinces: 


Province. 

Per  cent  of  total 
population. 

Married. 

White. 

Puerto  Principe . 

19.5 

18.8 

17.8 

16.0 

15.7 

13.4 

12.3 

79.8 

76.4 

71.4 
68.6 
72.6 

58.3 

55.3 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

Habana  city . 

Santa  Clara . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Matanzas  . 

Santiago . 

Hence  it  seems  probable  that  legal  marriage  in  Cuba  was  more  com¬ 
mon  among  the  whites  than  among  the  colored.  The  following  table 
raises  the  probability  to  a  certainty: 


Race. 

• 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Lawfully  married. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

White . . . 

1,052,397 
520, 400 

214, 543 
31,808 

20.4 

6.1 

Colored . 

Legal  marriage  was  more  than  thrice  as  general  among  the  whites  as 
among  the  colored.  But  even  ^imong  the  whites  it  was  not  much  more 
than  half  as  general  as  it  was  in  the  United  States.  In  two  former  cen¬ 
suses,  those  of  1841  and  1861,  comparable  returns  have  been  made. 
From  them  the  following  table  has  been  compiled: 


Per  cent  married  among  total  population. 


1841. 

1861. 

1899. 

White . . 

10.4 

6.2 

22.8 

8.1 

20.4 

6.1 

Colored . 

In  both  races  marriage  is  less  frequent  than  forty  years  ago. 

In  the  following  table  the  analysis  of  the  subject  by  race  is  extended 
to  the  provinces: 


Province. 

Per  cent  married. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

22.6 

6. 7 

Habana  city . . . 

22.  7 

5.  7 

Matanzas . 

21.1 

19.2 

2.6 

6.  3 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

21. 4 

12. 1 

Santa  Clara..' . 

20.  3 

Santiago . 

16. 6 

7.1 

Cuba . 

20.4 

6.1 

i 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


126 


When  the  proportion  of  married  in  each  province  is  obtained  for  the 
two  races  separately,  it  appears  that  white  and  black  were  affected  by 
different  influences.  The  highest  proportion  of  married  for  the  whites 
was  not  in  Puerto  Principe,  but  in  and  around  the  capital,  and  the  pro¬ 
portion  in  the  other  provinces,  except  Santiago,  was  not  much  below 
that  in  Puerto  Principe.  In  this  last  province  the  high  relative  num¬ 
ber  of  married  is  due  in  great  measure  to  the  fact  that  the  married 
among  the  colored  are  almost  twice  as  many  as  in  nny  other  province. 
Matanzas  and  Puerto  Principe  furnish  a  striking  contrast.  In  each  the 
married  whites  were  about  one-fifth  the  total  whites,  but  among  the 
Puerto  Principe  colored  one  in  eight  were  married,  and  in  Matanzas 
only  one  in  thirty-eight. 

In  the  following  table  the  analysis  of  the  prevalence  of  lawful 
marriage  by  race  has  been  extended  to  the  fourteen  cities  separately 
reported: 


• 

District. 

Per  cent  of  married 
among — 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Fourteen  cities  separately  reported . 

21.4 

19.0 

7.0 

5.7 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

With  both  races  marriage  is  slightly  more  common  in  cities  than  in 
the  rural  districts,  but  the  difference  for  the  whites  is  greater  than 
for  the  colored. 

The  married  classified  by  race  and  sex. — The  following  table  shows 
the  number  of  married  by  race  and  sex: 


Race  and  sex. 

Total. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

White  males . 

563, 113 

109,  760 

19.5 

White  females . 

489i  284 
252, 092 
268, 308 

104;  783 

21.4 

Colored  males . 

15;  307 
16,501 

6. 1 

Colored  females . 

6.2 

This  shows  that  the  larger  proportion  of  married  among  the  females 
already  noted  (p.  120)  was  confined  almost  entirely  to  the  whites,  and 
supports  the  explanation  offered  that  the  excess  was  due  mainly  to  the 
immigration  of  husbands  without  their  wives. 

The  married  classified  by  race  and  age. — It  has  already  appeared  that 
marriage  was  more  than  three  times  as  common  among  whites  as 
among  colored.  The  same  was  true  of  the  people  over  15  as  appeal 
from  the  following: 


•s 


THE  MARRIED  CLASSIFIED  BY  RACE. 


127 


Per  cent  married  in  total  adult  population  ( 15  -f- ) . 


Race. 

Per  cent 
married. 

White . 

32.4 

9.6 

Colored . 

In  the  following  table  the  per  cents  are  given  by  provinces  for  each 


race: 


Per  cent  married  in  total  adult  population  ( 15-\- ). 


Province. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Habana  (city) . 

34.5 

8.0 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

31.3 

9.  9 

Matanzas . 

33. 1 

3.9 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

31.5 

10.5 

Puerto  Principe . 

38.4 

19. 1 

Santa  Clara . 

32.3 

9.8 

Santiago . 

29.3 

12.4 

Cuba . 

32.4 

9.6 

Among  both  races  marriage  was  much  more  common  in  Puerto  Prin¬ 
cipe  than  in  any  other  province.  But  the  difference  was  more  marked 
among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  The  proportion  of  married 
among  the  colored  adults  of  Puerto  Principe  was  one-half  greater 
than  in  any  other  province.  But  among  the  white  adults  of  that  prov¬ 
ince  the  married,  while  twice  as  numerous  as  among  the  colored,  were 
only  about  one-seventh  more  numerous  than  among  the  whites  in 
Habana  city.  Marriage  was  far  more  evenly  distributed  among  whites 
than  among  colored,  in  the  province  where  it  was  most  general  (Puerto 
Principe)  it  was  less  than  one-third  more  common  than  among  the 
whites  of  the  adjoining  province  of  Santiago,  where  the  proportion  of 
married  whites  was  lowest.  But  among  the  colored  adults  of  Puerto 
Principe  marriage  was  almost  five  times  as  common  as  among  the  col¬ 
ored  adults  of  Matanzas.  The  table  shows  that  the  local  influences 
favorable  to  marriage  differed  widely  for  the  two  races.  To  show  this 
more  clearly  the  provinces  may  be  arranged  in  the  order  of  the  preva¬ 
lence. of  marriage  among  white  and  among  colored  adults  as  follows: 


Provinces  arranged  in  the  order  of  increasing  prevalence  of  marriage  among — 


White  adults: 

Santiago. 

Habana  (excluding  city). 
Pinar  del  Rio. 

Santa  Clara. 

Matanzas. 

Habana  (city). 

Puerto  Principe. 


Colored  adults: 

Matanzas. 

Habana  (city). 

Santa  Clara. 

Habana  (excluding  city). 
Pinar  del  Rio. 

Santiago. 

Puerto  Principe. 


No  relation  whatever  can  be  discerned  between  these  two  series. 
Why  should  Santiago  have  few  marriages  among  whites  and  many 


1  28  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

among  colored,  or  Matanzas  few  among  colored  and  many  among 
whites? 

The  married  classified  by  race  and  sex  and  age.  — In  the  following 

table  the  proportion  of  married  in  the  adult  population  of  each  sex  and 
race  is  stated. 


Adult 

Married. 

Race  and  sex. 

population 

(15+). 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

White  males . 

364,261 
157, 855 

109, 760 
15, 307 
104, 783 
16, 501 

30. 1 

Colored  males . 

9.  7 

White  females . 

299,022 
174, 623 

35.0 

Colored  females . 

9.5 

In  preceding  paragraphs  it  has  appeared  that  the  proportion  of 
married  women  in  Cuba  was  slightly  greater  than  the  proportion  of 
married  men  (p.  120),  and  that  this  difference  wras  confined  to  the  whites 
(p.  126);  that  the  difference  between  the  sexes  for  the  total  population 
was  less  than  1  per  cent,  but  for  the  whites  alone  was  nearly  2  per  cent. 
The  last  table  shows  that  for  white  adults  the  difference  between  the 
two  sexes  was  nearly  5  per  cent. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  in  the  same  way,  by  sex 
and  race  for  the  several  provinces. 


Per  cent  of  adult  population  {15- f-)  of  sex  and  race  specified  who  were  married. 


Province. 

Males. 

Females. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  (city) . 

28.4 

9.0 

35.4 

7.3 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

32.5 

9.9 

36.8 

9.8 

Matanzas . 

31.0 

3  9 

35. 5 

3  8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

28.8 

10.5 

35.0 

10.4 

Puerto  Principe . 

37.5 

18.8 

39.4 

19.4 

Santa  Clara . 

29.4 

9.2 

36.0 

10.4 

Santiago . 

28.9 

13. 1 

29.8 

11.9 

From  the  preceding  table  it  appears  that  among  white  adults  the  pro¬ 
portion  of  married  females  was  greater  in  each  province  than  the  pro¬ 
portion  of  married  males.  Among  colored  adults  in  five  of  the  seven 
provinces  the  reverse  was  true.  The  difference  is  due  to  the  excess  of 
males  among  white  adults  and  of  females  among  colored  adults.  In  all 
monogamous  countries,  if  either  sex  is  decidedly  in  the  minority,  it  is 
almost  sure  to  have  a  larger  proportion  of  married  than  the  sex  which 
outnumbers  it.  Among  the  white  adults  of  Cuba  54.9  per  cent  were 
male,  but  among  the  colored  adults  only  47.5  per  cent  were  male. 
Hence  the  chance  of  marriage  in  the  one  race  is  greater  among  females, 
and  in  the  other  greater  among  males.  This  excess  of  mules  among 
white  adults  appeared  in  every  province  of  Cuba,  and  accordingly  the 
higher  proportion  of  married  among  females  was  equally  general.  The 
excess  of  females  among  colored  adults  appeared  in  five  of  the  -seven 


THE  MARRIED  CLASSIFIED  BY  RACE. 


129 


divisions,  and  in  each  of  these  five  the  proportion  of  married  was  higher 
among  colored  males.  Santa  Clara  had  more  colored  men  than  women, 
and  accordingly,  in  that  province,  the  proportion  of  married  was  higher 
among  colored  women.  In  Puerto  Principe,  while  the  women  were 
slightly  in  excess  (51.7  per  cent)  among  colored  adults,  the  slight  dif¬ 
ference  was  probably  offset  by  the  earlier  age  at  which  women  marry. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  for  all  Cuba  are  given  by  sex  and 
race  and  eight  age  periods. 


Per  cent  of  married  in  population  group  o  f  sex ,  race ,  and  age  specified. 


Age  period. 

Males. 

Females. 

W'hite. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

15-19 . 

0.2 

0.1 

7.6 

1 

2.6 

20-24 . 

6.2 

3.3 

33.4 

10.8 

25-29 . 

23.1 

10.3 

51.1 

15.7 

30-34 . 

40.4 

16.4 

54.8 

14.9 

35-44 . 

51.0 

17.7 

50.0 

12.3 

45-54 . 

54.7 

12.7 

37.5 

8.0 

55-64 . 

52.5 

8.8 

23.1 

5.1 

65  + . 

44.2 

7.0 

10.9 

2.8 

Unknown . 

12.5 

5.9 

16.7 

Total  adults  (15+) . 

30.1 

9.7 

35.0 

9.5 

Marriage  was  about  3.1  times  as  general  among  white  men  as  among 
colored  men,  but  3.7  times  as  general  among  white  women  as  among 
colored  women,  the  difference  being  due,  as  just  explained,  to  the  excess 
of  white  men  and  of  colored  women  in  Cuba.  Taking  these  ratios  as 
the  standard,  it  appears  from  the  preceding  table  that  prior  to  the  age 
of  30,  and  for  males  prior  to  the  age  of  45,  the  proportion  of  married 
among  colored  was  uniformly  higher  than  when  all  ages  are  included. 
This  suggests  that  relatively  to  the  white  the  generation  of  colored 
which  has  grown  up  since  emancipation  have  entered  upon  legal  mar¬ 
riage  rather  more  commonly  than  their  parents  did.  The  difference 
may  also  be  connected  with  the  excess  of  males  among  the  aged  col¬ 
ored.  At  each  of  the  age  periods  above  45  the  colored  males  outnum¬ 
bered  the  females.  There  were  12,897  colored  persons  born  in  Africa 
reported  by  this  census  (Table  XI),  the  great  majority  in  the  higher  age 
groups,  and  nearly  three-fifths  (59  per  cent)  were  males.  Then,  too, 
there  were  14,614  colored  persons  born  in  China,  most  of  whom  also 
belonged  to  the  higher  ages,  and  of  these  practically  all  (99.7  per 
cent)  were  males.  That,  notwithstanding  this  difference,  a  larger  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  colored  men  than  of  colored  women  at  those  ages  were 
married  must  be  due  to  the  marriage  by  old  men  of  younger  women. 

The  married  classified  hy  place  of  birth. — The  tables  make  it  possible 
to  analyze  the  conjugal  condition  of  the  population  of  Cuba  with  refer¬ 
ence  to  one  further  clement — nativity.  This  tabulation  is  confined  to 
the  white  race  alone.  The  question  may  be  asked:  Was  marriage 
24662 - 9 


130 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


more  common  among  native  whites  or  foreign-born  whites?  The 
following  table  appears  to  give  an  answer: 


r 

Nativity. 

Total 

number. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Native  whites . 

910, 299 
142,098 

169,354 
45, 189 

18.6 

31.8 

Foreign-born  whites . 

These  figures  seem  to  show  that  marriage  was  far  more  common 
among  the  foreign-born  than  among  the  native.  But  no  such  infer¬ 
ence  is  warranted,  because  the  immigrant  population  of  Cuba  is  com¬ 
posed  mainly  of  adults  of  marriageable  age.  Of  the  native  white 
population  over  two-fifths  (12.1  per  cent)  were  under  15  years  of  age, 
while  of  the  foreign-born  whites  only  one  twenty -fifth  (1  per  cent) 
were  in  those  age  periods.  When  the  children  of  both  classes  are 
excluded  the  figures  tell  a  different  story,  as  follows: 


Nativity. 

- T* - 

Number  of 
adults  15 
years  and 
over. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Native  whites . 

526, 867 
136, 416 

169,354 
45, 189 

32.1 

33.1 

Foreign-born  whites . 

With  this  correction  introduced  it  appears  that  the  proportion  of 
married  in  the  two  classes  was  almost  the  same,  but  with  the  foreign¬ 
ers  slightly  larger.  As  the  difference  is  so  slight,  it  may  be  affected 
by  the  sex  composition  of  the  two  classes.  Hence  that  further  classi¬ 
fication  is  introduced  in  the  table  below: 


Nativity. 

Number  of 
adults  15 
years  and 
over. 

Married. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Native  white  males . 

251, 655 

75, 454 

30.0 

Foreign-born  white  males . 

112, 606 

34, 306 

30.5 

Native  white  females . 

275, 212 

93.900 

34.1 

Foreign-born  white  females . 

23,810 

10,883 

45.7 

The  table  seems  to  show  that  foreign-born  white  men  were  married 
in  slightly  greater  proportion  than  native  white  men,  and  foreign-born 
white  women  in  far  greater  proportion  than  native  white  women;  but 
although  all  persons  under  15  have  been  excluded,  yet  the  adult  native 
whites  must  have  had  a  far  larger  proportion  than  the  foreign-born 
have  in  the  ages  15-25,  at  which  marriage  is  comparatively  infrequent. 
Hence  the  question  can  not  be  decisively  answered  until  the  proportion 
of  married  for  each  age  period  is  ascertained.  This  is  done  in  the 


CONVENTUAL  MARRIAGES. 


131 


following  table,  and  to  economize  attention  only  the  per  cents  are 
given : 

Per  cent  married  of  population  in  sex ,  class,  and  age  specified. 


Age  period. 

White  males. 

White  females. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

15-19  . 

.3 

.2 

7.4 

14.9 

20-24  . 

7.2 

4.0 

32.7 

45.3 

25-29  . 

27.3 

15. 6 

50.5 

58.7 

30-34  . 

45.5 

31.0 

54.2 

61.1 

35-44  . • . 

54.1 

45.4 

49.1 

57.6 

45-54  . 

55.9 

52.9 

36.5 

44.3 

55-64  . 

52.8 

51.9 

22.3 

27.7 

65- . 

52.8 

44.6 

10.4 

13.2 

Unknown  . 

8.3 

18.7 

9.1 

With  this  table  a  final  answer  is  reached  to  the  question  under 
examination.  At  every  age  period  the  native  white  men  were  married 
in  greater  proportions  than  the  immigrant  white  men,  but  the  immigrant 
white  women  were  married  in  greater  proportions  than  the  native  white 
women.  This  doubtless  means  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  women 
who  have  gone  to  Cuba  from  elsewhere  have  gone  with  their  husbands. 


PERSONS  LIVING  TOGETHER  AS  HUSBAND  AND  WIFE  BY  MUTUAL 

CONSENT. 


On  the  schedules  in  the  present  census  there  are  many  cases  in 
which  a  man  and  woman  of  about  the  same  age  were  reported  as  occu¬ 
pying  the  same  house  but  as  bearing  different  names  and  standing  in 
no  admitted  relations  to  each  other.  In  most  cases  the  census  family 
included  one  or  more  children  bearing  the  woman’s  name.  All  such 
census  families  were  tabulated  as  cases  of  persons  cohabiting  as 
husband  and  wife  without  formal  legal  sanction  upon  the  union,  and 
the  children  were  tabulated  as  technically  illegitimate.  Any  one 
familiar  with  Cuban  life  knows  that  in  certain  classes  and  regions  such 
unions  are  frequent  and  often  as  permanent  and  secure  as  good  care 
and  nurture  for  the  children  as  if  the  law  had  sanctioned  the  rela¬ 
tion.  It  was  impossible  to  detect  from  the  schedules  every  such  case, 
and  in  some  few  instances  persons  may  have  been  assigned  to  this 
class  by  an  error,  but  probably  whatever  mistakes  occurred  have 
usually  been  of  omission.  This  is  the  first  time  that  such  a  return  has 
ever  been  tabulated,  and  therefore  no  comparisons  can  be  made  with 
past  Cuban  censuses  or  with  censuses  of  other  countries  except  Porto 
Rico.  The  returns  for  these  two  countries  under  this  head  were  as 
follows: 


Country. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Living 
together  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Per  cent 
living 
together. 

Cuba . 

1,572,797 

953,243 

131,732 
84, 241 

8.4 

Porto  Rico . 

8.8 

132 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


in  each  country  about  1  person  in  12  was  living  in  such  relations,  but 
the  proportion  was  slightly  less  in  Cuba  than  in  Porto  Rico.  A  fairer 
comparison  may  be  made  with  the  married  couples.  For  every  two 
lawful  unions  there  is  one  union  by  mutual  consent. 

%j 

The  several  provinces  of  Cuba  have  the  following  proportions  of 
persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent: 


Province. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Living  together  by 
mutual  consent. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Puerto  Principe . 

88,234 

3,505 

3.9 

Habana . .• 

424, 804 

28,730 

6.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

173, 064 

12,386 

7.2 

Santa  Clara . 

356,536 

26, 607 

7.5 

Matanzas . 

202, 444 

20,942 

10.4 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

327, 715 

39, 562 

12.1 

Reference  to  a  preceding  table  shows  that  the  provinces  arranged 
as  above  in  the  order  of  increasing  proportion  of  persons  living 
together  agree  closely  with  the  provinces  arranged  in  the  order  of 
decreasing  proportion  of  married  (p.  119).  The  tvro  are  brought 
together  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 

Per  cent 
living  to¬ 
gether  as 
husband 
and  wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Per  cent 
legally 
married. 

Per  cent 
belonging 
to  either 
class. 

Puerto  Principe . 

3.9 

19.5 

23.5 

Habana  . 

6.8 

18.3 

25.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

7.2 

15.7 

22.9 

Santa  Clara . 

7.5 

16.0 

23.5 

Matanzas . 

10.4 

13.4 

23.8 

Santiago . 

12.1 

12.3 

24.4 

Cuba . 

8.4 

15.7 

24.0 

In  Santiago  there  were  three  times  as  many  of  these  unions  as  in  the 
adjoining  province  of  Puerto  Principe,  but  as  an  offset  there  were  in 
Santiago  less  than  two-thirds  as  many  married  persons  as  in  the  neigh¬ 
boring  province. 

The  figures  for  the  14  cities  separately  reported  are  as  follows: 


City. 

Per  cent 
living 
together. 

City. 

Per  cent 
living 
together. 

Cnrdpnns  .  . 

7.3 

Regia . 

6.3 

Cipnfiipgos 

8.4 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

9.0 

Giianahup.oii.  . 

8.0 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

3.7 

Habana,  . 

7.  / 

Santa  Clara . 

6.9 

Manzanillo  . 

10.0 

Santiago . 

7.7 

MufjlTlZflS  . 

7.7 

Trinidad . 

6.2 

7.  7 

Pnprtn  Prinpinp 

3.1 

Total  cities . 

7.4 

CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


A  Hoen  &  Co  Bolto  Lifh 


CONSENTUAL  MAKRIAGES. 


133 


In  9  of  the  II  cities  the  relative  number  of  persons  living-  together 
was  less  than  in  the  entire  province  containing  the  cit}^,  while  in  5 
cities  it  was  greater.  The  difference  between  urban  and  rural  pop¬ 
ulation  in  this  regard  is  summarized  in  the  following  two  tables  for 
the  island  and  its  provinces: 


-  ■ 

Population. 

Living  together  by 
mutual  consent. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

14  cities  separately  reported . 

491,504 

/  36, 500 

7.4 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

. 

1,081,293 

95, 232 

8.8 

Total . 

1,572, 797 

131, 732 

8.4 

This  is  not  a  conclusive  proof  that  the  cities  have  a  smaller  propor¬ 
tion  of  persons  living  together  than  the  surrounding  rural  districts, 
for  the  cities  are  massed  in  the  western  central  part  of  the  island. 
Hence  it  seems  best  to  treat  the  urban  and  rural  districts  of  each  prov¬ 
ince  separately,  as  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 

Per  cent  living  together 
by  mutual  consent — 

In  urban 
districts. 

In  rural 
districts. 

Puerto  Principe . 

3. 1 

4.3 

Habana . . . . 

7. 7 

5.3 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

7. 7 

7. 1 

Santa  Clara . 

7.2 

7.5 

Matanzas . 

7.  G 

11.5 

Santiago . 

8.2 

12.9 

The  relative  number  of  persons  living  together  without  being  law¬ 
fully  married  was  greater  in  the  four  cities  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  Habana 
provinces  than  in  the  rural  districts,  but  elsewhere  the  cities  had  a 
smaller  number  than  the  country.  The  rural  districts  of  Matanzas 
and  Santiago  are  evidently  the  regions  in  which  this  mode  of  family 
life  is  most  prevalent. 

There  were  25  municipal  districts  out  of  132,  or  nearly  1  in  5,  in 
which  the  number  of  consentual  unions  exceeded  the  number  of  legal 
marriages.  But  only  1  of  the  11  cities  separately  reported,  Manza¬ 
nillo,  is  included  in  any  of  the  25  districts.  Three  provinces,  Puerto 
Principe,  Santa  Clara,  and  Habana,  had  no  such  district.  Pinar  del 
Rio  had  3  adjoining  each  other  on  the  north  coast  and  Santiago  had  11 
stretching  along  the  south  coast  from  Niquero  to  Guantanamo.  The 
other  11  were  in  Matanzas. 

Classification  by  sex. — Of  the  131,732  persons  reported  as  living 
together,  65,793  were  males  and  65,939  were  females.  As  there  were 
over  50,000  more  males  than  females  in  Cuba  (p.  80),  the  proportion  of 
females  living  in  marriage  relations  unsanctioned  by  law  (8.7  per 
cent)  was  greater  than  the  proportion  of  males  (8.1  per  cent). 


134 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Classification  by  age. — Drawing  the  line  at  fifteen  years  between 
those  who  were  and  those  who  were  not  old  enough  to  marry  one  finds 
the  following  result: 


Country. 

Total  pop¬ 
ulation 
15+. 

Living  together. 

Number. 

Per 
cent.  • 

Cuba . 

995, 761 
534,941 

131,732 

84,241 

13.2 

15.7 

Porto  Rico . 

As  the  proportion  of  children  under  15  was  much  less  in  Cuba  than  in 
Porto  Rico,  the  difference  between  the  two  islands  already  noted  (p.  131) 
was  not  clearly  defined  by  the  table  there  given,  showing  the  propor¬ 
tion  of  persons  living  together  to  the  population  of  all  ages.  The 
table  just  given  is,  therefore,  a  more  exact  measure  of  the  difference 
between  the  two  islands.  In  the  following  table  the  figures  for  Cuba 
are  given  by  provinces: 

Per  cent  of  adults  (15 who  were  living  together  by  mutual  consent. 


Puerto  Principe .  7.  0 

Ilabana  (excluding  city) .  8.  4 

Habana  (city) .  10.  7 

Santa  Clara .  11.  7 

Pinar  del  Rio .  11.  8 

Matanzas .  15. 9 

Santiago .  21.  3 


Cuba .  13.  2 


There  is  but  one  difference  between  the  order  of  the  provinces  here 
and  that  in  the  table  already  given  (p.  132).  Among  adults,  as  shown 
in  this  table,  Santa  Clara  had  a  slightly  larger  proportion  of  persons 
living  together  than  Pinar  del  Rio,  while  in  the  total  population  the 
relation  is  reversed.  It  is  due  to  the  fact,  brought  out  in  the  discus¬ 
sion  of  the  age  tables  (p.  91),  that  Pinar  del  Rio  had  more  children  and 
fewer  adults  than  Santa  Clara. 

In  the  following  table  the  relative  number  of  persons  living  together 
by  mutual  consent  to  the  total  population  is  given  for  the  several  age 
periods.  For  purposes  of  comparison  a  second  column  reports  the 
proportion  of  persons  married  in  Cuba  at  the  same  age  periods.  As 
both  these  classes  together  include  probably  about  all  who  were  married 
either  hy  mutual  consent  alone  or  with  the  sanction  of  the  law,  a  third 
column  gives  the  proportion  that  the  sum  of  these  two  classes  makes 
to  the  total  population  of  the  age  named,  and  for  comparative  pur¬ 
poses  the  figures  for  the  United  States  are  added  in  a  fourth  column. 


CONSENTUAL  MARRIAGES. 


135 


Age  period, 

Per  cent 
living  to¬ 
gether. 

Percent 

married 

Total. 

Per  cent 
married 
in  United 
States. 

15-19 . 

2.6 

3.2 

5.8 

5.0 

20-24 . 

9.5 

15.4 

24.9 

32.8 

25-29 . 

14.6 

28.8 

43.4 

61.7 

30-34 . 

17.9 

37.1 

55.0 

75.3 

35-44 . 

19.1 

39.3 

58.4 

80.8 

45-54 . 

17.7 

33.0 

50.7 

79.3 

55-64 . 

15. 2 

24.0 

39.2 

71.8 

65+ . 

12.4 

14.9 

27.3 

53.3 

Unknown  . 

4.7 

9.4 

14.1 

33.1 

Total  15+ . 

13.2 

24.7 

37.9 

55.3 

It  will  be  noticed  that  between  the  ages  of  25  and  55  the  proportion 
of  persons  married  was  uniformly  about  double  the  proportion  of  per¬ 
sons  living  together  without  marriage,  but  in  the  younger  and  older 
age  periods  the  proportion  of  persons  living  together  to  those  married 
was  higher.  The  larger  proportion  between  15  and  25  suggests  that 
unions  of  this  sort  are  entered  upon  at  a  somewhat  younger  age  than 
ceremonial  marriage.  This  may  best  be  tested  by  finding  what  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  total  number  of  each  class  were  under  25.  Among  the 
married  about  one-ninth  (11.9  per  cent)  were  under  25,  but  of  the 
persons  living  together  without  a  marriage  ceremony  about  one-seventh 
(14.6  per  cent)  were  under  25. 

The  large  proportion  of  persons  over  65  who  were  living  together  by 
mutual  consent  is  probably  connected  with  the  presence  in  Cuba  of 
many  aged  negroes  born  in  Africa  and  imported  before  slavery  was 
abolished  or  the  slave  trade  effectually  suppressed.  It  is  probable 
that  such  persons  before  living  together  seldom  go  through  a  formal 
ceremony  of  marriage.  There  were  also  many  Chinese  males  in  Cuba 
and  their  median  age  was  over  53  years.  The  same  remark  would  hold 
true  of  them.  The  decreasing  proportion  of  colored  to  the  total  pop¬ 
ulation  of  Cuba  during  the  last  forty  years  is  also  a  factor  to  be  con¬ 
sidered  in  explaining  the  difference. 

Classification  by  age  and  sex. — As  the  age  during  which  marriage, 
lawful  or  unlawful,  occurs  varies  widely  with  the  sex,  it  is  important 
to  supplement  the  age  analysis  already  given  by  one  in  which  the  sex 
difference  is  also  included.  That  is  done  in  the  following  table,  in 
which  the  proportion  of  persons  living  together  at  each  period  and  for 
each  sex  is  given.  The  proportions  of  persons  married  of  the  same 
sex  and  the  same  age  are  added  in  parallel  columns,  and  as  these  two 
together  make  up  the  total  of  persons  living  in  any  sort  of  marriage 
relationship  in  Cuba,  a  third  column  gives  the  total,  while  a  fourth 
column  gives  the  proportion  of  persons  of  the  same  sex  and  age 
married  in  the  United  States  in  1890.  In  each  column  the  maximum 
ratio  is  marked  by  a  +  prefixed. 


136 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Age  period. 

Males. 

Females. 

Married. 

Living 

together. 

Total. 

Married 
males  in 
United 
States 
(1890). 

Married. 

Living 

together. 

Total. 

Married 

females 

in 

United 

States 

(1890). 

15-19  . 

0.2 

0.4 

0.6 

0.5 

6.0 

4.6 

10.6 

9.5 

20-24  . 

5.5 

5.5 

11.0 

18.9 

25.9 

13.8 

39.7 

46.7 

25-29  . 

20.0 

12.2 

32.2 

52.7 

38.8 

17.4 

56.2 

71.4 

30-34  . 

34.3 

16.3 

50.  6 

71.3 

+40.4 

+19.8 

+60.2 

79.8 

35-44  . 

+42. 1 

18.9 

+61.0 

80.9 

35.8 

19.4 

55.2 

+80.  6 

45-54  . 

39.4 

+19.7 

59.1 

+84.3 

25.3 

15.2 

40.5 

73.9 

55-04  . 

31.6 

18.5 

50.1 

82.3 

15.0 

11.2 

26.2 

60.4 

65+ . 

23.1 

17.0 

40.1 

70.5 

6.7 

7.7 

14.4 

35.4 

Total  15+ . 

.  *- 

24.0 

12.6 

36.6 

54.1 

25.6 

13.9 

39.5 

56.8 

In  the  preceding  table  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  maximum  propor¬ 
tion  of  persons  married  was  reached  in  Cuba  for  each  sex  ten  }Tears 
earlier  than  in  the  United  States.  It  may  be  that  this  is  a  remote 
result  of  the  ten  years’  war,  1868-1878.  It  is  a  familiar  fact  that 
marriages  decrease  during  periods  of  war  or  serious  economic  calam¬ 
ities.  This  fact  is  conspicuously  illustrated  by  the  vital  statistics  of 
Cuba  during  the  last  ten  years,  discussed  elsewhere  in  the  present  vol¬ 
ume  (Appendix  XVIII).  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  number  of 
marriages  in  Cuba  during  the  ten  years  1868-1878  was  materially 
reduced  and  that  the  number  of  marriages  celebrated  after  the  capitu¬ 
lation  of  El  Zanjon  was  above  the  normal.  Many  men  over  45  years 
of  age  may  have  been  prevented  from  marrying  by  the  disturbances 
during  the  years  of  their  early  manhood,  and,  on  the  contrary,  men 
between  35  and  44  would  have  been  at  the  threshold  of  the  age  at 
which  marriage  is  most  common,  when  peace  returned  to  Cuba  in  1878. 
This  hypothesis  may  also  explain  the  proportion  of  children  in  Cuba 
between  10  and  20,  which  was  shown  in  the  discussion  of  age  (p.  85) 
to  be  larger  than  in  the  United  States  or  Porto  Rico.  Such  children, 
aside  from  the  few  immigrants,  must  have  been  born  in  Cuba  between 
1879  and  1888. 

The  preceding  table  shows  that  for  every  100  married  men  over 
15  years  of  age  there  were  52  living  together  by  mutual  consent 
(126-^240=52.5  per  cent),  and  for  every  100  married  women  over 
15  years  of  age  there  were  54  living  together  by  mutual  consent.  The 
difference  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  married  men  in  Cuba  outnumbered 
by  3,783  the  married  women.  The  ratio  of  those  living  together  by 
mutual  consent  to  the  married  was  below  the  average  for  males 
25  to  54  years  of  age  and  for  females  20  to  44  years  of  age.  The 
proportion  of  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent  was  therefore 
excessive  in  both  sexes  during  the  earlier  and  later  years  of  life. 


CONSENTUAL  MARRIAGES. 


137 


Classification  by  race—  The  following  table  gives  the  facts  by  race 
in  the  briefest  way: 


Race. 

Population. 

Persons  living  to¬ 
gether  by  mutual 
consent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

White . 

1,052,397 
520, 400 

50, 027 
81,705 

4.8 

15.7 

Colored . 

Total . 

1, 572, 797 

131,732 

8.4 

Legal  marriage  has  already  (p.  125)  been  shown  to  be  more  than  three 
times  as  common  among  whites  as  among  colored.  The  present  table 
shows  that  unions  by  mutual  consent  were  more  than  three  times  as 
prevalent  among  colored  as  among  whites.  The  comparison  may  be 
made  more  clear  by  the  following  table: 


Race. 

Number 

lawfully 

married. 

Persons  living  to¬ 
gether  by  mutual 
consent. 

Number. 

To  each 
100  mar¬ 
ried. 

White . 

214,543 

50, 027 

23 

Colored . 

31,808 

81,705 

257 

Total . 

24G,  3.51 

131,732 

53 

Of  the  total  unions  among  whites  81  per  cent  were  lawful  marriages. 
Of  the  total  unions  among  colored  28  per  cent  were  lawful  marriages. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  hy  race  for  the  several 
provinces: 


Province. 

Whites. 

Colored. 

Living  together  to 
each  100  married. 

Married. 

Living 
together  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Married. 

Living 
together  by 
mutual 
consent. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  city . 

38, 247 

7,807 

3, 824 

10,446 

20 

273 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) . 

32, 500 

3,819 

2, 975 

6, 658 

12 

224 

Matanzas . 

24, 907 

3, 762 

2,180 

17,180 

15 

788 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

24, 131 

6, 203 

2,969 

6,123 

26 

206 

Puerto  Principe . 

15, 057 

2,220 

2,153 

1, 285 

15 

60 

Santa  Clara . 

49, 004 

9, 507 

7,321 

17,100 

19 

234 

Santiago . 

30, 097 

10,649 

10,386 

22, 913 

55 

221 

Total . 

214, 543 

50,027 

31,808 

81, 705 

23 

257 

This  table  brings  out  noteworthy  differences  between  the  several 
provinces  and  shows  that  the  differences  do  not  run  parallel  for  the 
two  races.  Among  whites  the  smallest  proportion  of  consentual 
unions  to  lawful  marriages  was  in  Habana  province  outside  the  city, 
where  only  about  1  union  in  9  was  merely  consentual.  At  the  opposite 
extreme  comes  Santiago,  where  among  whites  more  than  1  union  in 


138 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

3  was  merely  consentual.  Next  to  Santiago,  but  at  a  long  remove, 
comes  the  province  at  the  other  end  of  the  island,  Pinar  del  Rio,  where 
about  1  union  in  5  was  by  consent  only.  Among  colored,  the  province 
having  the  fewest  merely  consentual  unions,  Puerto  Principe,  had  about 
1  in  3,  or  rather  more  of  such  unions  than  the  province  of  Santiago 
had  among  whites.  Next  to  Puerto  Principe  at  a  long  interval  comes 
Pinar  del  Rio,  where  there  were  2  unions  by  consent  among  colored  for 
each  lawful  marriage.  Matanzas  stands  out  conspicuously  in  the  column 
for  colored,  with  nearly  8  consentual  unions  for  1  legal  marriage,  a 
proportion  about  thrice  as  great  as  in  any  other  province.  It  is  note¬ 
worthy  that  the  provinces  in  which  this  form  of  married  life  was  least 
common  among  colored,  Puerto  Principe  and  Pinar  del  Rio,  are  those 
in  which  the  colored  formed  the  smallest  proportion  of  the  population, 
and  the  province  in  which  consentual  unions  were  most  common 
among  whites,  Santiago,  is  the  one  in  which  the  whites  are  but  little 
more  than  half  the  population. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  separately  for  urban  and 
rural  Cuba,  and  as  the  conditions  in  Habana  city  are  often  widely  dif¬ 
ferent  from  the  average  conditions  in  other  Cuban  cities,  urban  Cuba 
has  been  subdivided  into  Habana  and  the  remaining  13  cities  separately 
reported : 


Division. 

White. 

Colored. 

Living  together  to 
each  100  married. 

Married. 

Living 
together  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Married. 

Living 
together  by 
mutual 
consent. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  city . 

38, 247 

7,807 

3,824 

10, 446 

20 

273 

Thirteen  other  cities . 

32, 142 

7,167 

8,013 

11,080 

22 

138 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

144, 154 

35, 053 

19, 971 

60, 179 

24 

301 

This  table  shows  that  among  both  races  consentual  unions  were  most 
common  in  the  rural  districts,  but  that  for  the  white  race  the  minimum 
of  such  unions  was  found  in  Habana  city,  while  for  the  colored  race 
the  minimum  was  in  the  other  13  cities,  and  that  the  proportion  of 
consentual  unions  among  colored,  both  in  the  rural  districts  and  in 
Habana,  is  double  the  average  for  the  other  cities.  It  will  be  of 
interest  to  see  whether  the  same  relation  holds  when  both  consentual 
unions  and  lawful  marriages  are  compared  with  the  population.  This 
comparison  is  made  in  the  following  table: 


Division. 

Population. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  citv . 

168,433 
159, 645 
724, 319 

67,548 
95, 878 
356, 974 

38, 247 
32, 142 
144, 154 

3, 824 
8,013 
19, 971 

7,807 

7,167 

35,053 

10, 446 
11,080 
GO,  179 

Thirteen  other  cities . 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

Total . 

1,052,397 

520, 400 

214,543 

31,808 

50,027 

81,705 

CONSENTUAL  MARRIAGES. 


139 


From  the  preceding  table  the  following  percentages  are  computed: 


Division. 

Per  cent  married. 

Per  cent  living 
together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana  citv . 

22.7 

5.7 

4.6 

15.5 

Thirteen  other  cities . 

20.1 

8.4 

4.5 

11.6 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

19.9 

5.6 

4.8 

16.9 

Total . 

20.4 

6.1 

4.8 

15.7 

This  table  confirms  the  preceding  in  showing  that  for  both  races 
consentual  unions  were  most  common  in  the  rural  districts.  An  appar¬ 
ent  difference  of  result  between  the  two  methods  is  that  the  former 
indicated  that  among  whites  consentual  unions  were  least  common  in 
Habana  city  while  this  table  fixes  the  minimum  of  such  unions  in 
the  13  other  cities.  The  two  may  be  reconciled  by  noticing  that  the 
proportion  of  married  to  population  among  whites  in  Habana  was 
decidedly  greater  than  in  the  other  cities.  Hence  when  the  consentual 
unions  are  compared  with  the  numerous  legal  marriages  as  in  the  first 
table,  they  appear  fewer  than  they  do  when  compared  with  the  popu¬ 
lation.  These  secondary  cities  had  the  smallest  proportion  of  con¬ 
sentual  unions  for  each  race,  but  by  an  interesting  anomaly  they  had 
the  largest  proportion  of  married  among  the  colored.  It  may  be  that 
the  social  standards  or  economic  situation  of  the  colored  in  these 
cities  is  somewhat  higher  than  elsewhere,  or  it  may  be  that  the  cities 
lie  mainly  in  the  center  of  the  island  and  reflect  the  average  condi¬ 
tions  in  their  immediate  vicinity.  The  last  possibility  may  be  tested 
by  the  following  table: 

Urban  'population . 


Division. 

Population. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Guanabacoa,  Regia,  and  Habana  city  .... 

Cardenas  and  Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Cienfuegos,  Sagua  la  Grande,  Sancti  Spir- 

itus,  Santa  Clara,  and  Trinidad . 

Manzanillo  and  Santiago . 

Total . 

186, 915 
38,  618 
5, 933 
17,  788 

50, 874 
27, 951 

74, 394 
19, 696 
2,947 
7,314 

29,471 
29, 603 

42, 292 
8, 248 
1,178 
3,987 

9, 629 
5,055 

4,216 

992 

146 

969 

2,485 

3,029 

8,610 

1,430 

318 

418 

2,510 

1,688 

11,469 
2, 992 
368 
367 

3,274 
3, 056 

328, 079 

163, 425 

70, 389 

11,837 

'14,974 

21, 526 

The  following  table  shows  the  same  facts  in  the  form  of  percentages: 

Per  cent  urban  population. 


Division. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Guanabacoa,  Regia,  and  Habana  city . 

22.6 

5.  7 

4. 6 

15.4 

Cardenas  and  Matanzas . . . 

21.4 

5.0 

3.  7 

15.2 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

1 9.  9 

4  9 

5.4 

2.3 

12.5 

Puerto  Principe . 

22. 4 

13.2 

5.0 

Cienfuegos,  Sagua  la  Grande,  Sancti  Spiritus,  Santa  Clara, 
and  Trinidad . 

18.9 

8.4 

4.9 

11.1 

Manzanillo  and  Santiago . 

18.1 

10.2 

6.0 

10.3 

140 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


In  the  following  table  are  shown  the  facts  for  the  rural  population: 


Rural  population. 


Province. 

Population. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana . 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Total . 

125, 675 
79,  299 
119,692 
52, 599 
195, 894 
153, 159 

37, 820 
64, 831 
44, 492 
10,533 
82, 297 
117,002 

28, 455 
16, 659 
22, 953 
11,070 
39, 975 
25, 042 

2,583 
- 1,188 
2, 823 
1,184 
4,836 
7,357 

3, 016 
2,332 
5, 945 
1,802 
6, 997 
14,961 

5, 635 
14,188 
5, 755 
918 
13, 826 
19,857 

724,318 

356, 975 

144,154 

19,971 

35, 053 

60, 179 

Below  appear  the  percentages  derived  from  this  table: 


Per  cent  rural  population. 


Province. 

Married. 

Living  together. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Habana . 

22. 6 

6.8 

2.4 

14.9 

Matanzas . 

21.0 

1.8 

2.9 

21.9 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

19.2 

6.3 

5.0 

12.9 

Puerto  Principe . 

21.0 

11.2 

3.4 

8.7 

Santa  Clara . 

20.6 

5.9 

3.6 

16.8 

Santiago . 

16.4 

6.3 

9.8 

17.0 

This  table  incidentally  reveals  the  proportion  of  white  and  of  colored 
in  the  urban  and  rural  districts  of  Cuba.  The  results  may  be  stated  as 
follows: 


Division. 

Per  cent  of — 

White. 

Colored. 

Hflhnrui.  city  _  . . . . 

72.4 

28.6 

Thirteen  other  cities . 

62.6 

37.4 

■Rural  districts . . . . . . 

67.0 

33.0 

The  whites  were  most  numerous  in  Habana  city,  the  colored  in  the 
13  other  cities  of  Cuba.  In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  each 
race  is  given  for  the  urban  and  rural  districts  of  each  province: 


Province. 

Per  cent  of  whites  in — 

Per  cent  of  colored  in— 

Urban  dis¬ 
tricts. 

Rural  dis¬ 
tricts. 

Urban  dis¬ 
tricts. 

Rural  dis¬ 
tricts. 

Habana  . 

71.6 

76.9 

28.4 

28.1 

Matanzas . 

66.3 

55.1 

33.7 

44. 9 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

66.  8 

73.0 

33.2 

27.0 

Puerto  Principe . 

70.9 

83.2 

29.1 

16.8 

Santa  Clara . 

63.3 

70.2 

36.7 

29. 8 

Santiago . 

48.6 

56.7 

51.4 

43.3 

In  every  province  of  Cuba  except  Matanzas  the  whites  were  most 
largely  represented  in  the  rural  districts  and  the  colored  in  the  urban 
districts.  The  preeminence  of  Habana  city  in  its  proportion  of  whites, 


CONSENTUAL  MAKRIAGES. 


141 


when  compared  with  the  other  cities  or  the  rural  districts  as  a  whole, 
disappears  when  it  is  compared  with  the  urban  districts  of  Habana, 
Pinar  del  Rio,  or  Puerto  Principe  provinces.  It  is  probable  that  the 
migration  of  colored  from  rural  districts  to  cities  in  quest  of  employ¬ 
ment  has  exercised  greater  influence  even  in  Habana  upon  the  distribu¬ 
tion  of  population  than  the  migration  of  whites  from  abroad. 

Returning  to  an  examination  of  the  tables  (pp.  139,  f)  with  reference 
to  the  question  they  were  immediately  designed  to  answer,  it  appears 
that  among  the  colored  in  the  four  eastern  provinces  marriage  was 
more  common  in  the  cities  than  in  the  country,  and  that  in  Matanzas 
the  difference  was  at  its  maximum.  But  in  the  two  western  provinces 
marriage  was  more  common  among  the  rural  population.  Among  the 
whites  the  proportion  of  married  was  greater  in  cities  except  in  Habana 
province,  where  it  was  the  same  for  city  and  country,  and  in  Santa 
Clara. 

Classification  by  birthj>lace. — The  classification  by  birthplace,  and 
therefore  the  following  analysis  of  the  tables,  is  confined  to  the  whites. 
It  may  be  conjectured  that  white  immigrants  coming  to  Cuba  unmarried 
and  intending  not  to  remain  for  life  would  form  unions  without  the 
sanction  of  the  law.  This  is  the  general  experience  where  a  large 
number  of  male  immigrants  enter  a  country  in  which  the  marriage 
law  is  rigid  while  at  the  same  time  social  opinion  in  certain  quarters 
tolerates  a  consentual  marriage.  Whether  such  a  conjecture  is  in 
accord  with  the  facts  in  Cuba  will  appear  from  the  following  analysis. 

The  table  below  gives  the  facts  for  the  two  classes  of  whites: 


Nativity. 

Population 
15  +. 

Living  together  by 
mutual  consent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Native  white . 

526,  867 
136, 416 

41,052 

8,  975 

7.8 

Foreign  white . 

6.6 

This  seems  to  negative  the  conjecture  under  examination.  But  such 
an  hypothesis  could  hardly  apply  to  women,  and  therefore  the  sex  dis¬ 
tinction  should  be  introduced  as  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


Nativity. 

Population 
15 +. 

Living  together  by 
mutual  consent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Native  white  males . . 

251, 655 
112, 606 
275, 212 
23,810 

20, 095 

7, 516 
20, 957 

8.0 

Foreign  white  males . 

6.7 

Native  white  females . 

7.6 

Foreign  white  females . . 

1,459 

6. 1 

With  both  sexes  the  proportion  of  persons  living  together  by  mutual 
consent  is  greater  among  the  native  white  than  it  is  among  the  foreign 
white.  But  the  immigrants  are  almost  uniformly  adults,  and  are 
probably  decidedly  older  than  the  native  whites  over  15.  Hence 


142 


"REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


an  examination  by  age  periods  is  needed.  As  the  foreign  born  white 
women  are  so  few  the  examination  by  age  periods  may  be  confined  to 
males. 

Per  cent  of  males  living  in  consentual  unions. 


Age  period. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Age  period. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

15-19 . 

0.3 

0.2 

35-44  . 

13.4 

9.8 

20-24 . . 

3.8 

2.3 

45-54  . 

13.1 

9.7 

25-29 . . . 

9.1 

5.3 

55-64  . . 

10,6 

7.2 

30-34 . 

12.2 

7.8 

65  + . 

10.6 

4.8 

At  every  age  the  proportion  of  white  men  of  foreign  birth  living  in 
consentual  unions  was  less  than  the  proportion  of  native  white  men. 
The  following  table  shows  whether  this  is  true  throughout  the  several 
provinces. 


Province. 

Native. 

Foreign 

born. 

Habana  city . . . 

7.9 

5.7 

Habana  province . 

4.0 

4.4 

Matanzas . 

5.0 

7.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

7.8 

7.1 

Puerto  Principe . 

5.4 

6.8 

Santa  Clara . 

5.9 

6.5 

Santiago . 

17.9 

11.6 

Cuba . 

8.0 

6.7 

This  table  shows  that  the  figures  heretofore  reached  are  the  net 
result  for  the  island  of  conditions  widelv  different  in  the  different 
provinces.  Habana  city  and  the  two  provinces  at  the  ends  of  Cuba 
agree  in  having  a  proportion  of  consentual  unions  among  the  native 
white  men  larger  than  among  the  foreign-born  white  men.  In  the 
other  four  divisions  the  opposite  was  true.  Among  females,  on  the 
contrary,  consentual  unions  were  less  common  with  the  foreign  born 
than  with  the  native  white  not  merely  in  Cuba  as  a  whole  but  in  every 
province  except  Habana.  The  lower  proportion  of  consentual  unions 
is  closely  connected  with  the  higher  proportion  of  married  already 
noted  (p.  131)  among  foreign-born  white  women. 


THE  WIDOWED. 


It  might  be  anticipated  that  the  very  high  death  rate  of  Cuba  during 
the  last  few  years,  to  which  attention  is  called  in  the  discussion  of  the 
vital  statistics  of  the  past  ten  years,  would  leave  its  traces  in  an  exces¬ 
sive  number  of  widows  and  widowers.  The  facts  for  all  Cuba  in  com¬ 
parison  with  those  for  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  are  given  in 
the  following  table: 


Country. 

Population 
15  -f-. 

Widows  and 
widowers 

Pe 

cent. 

Cuba . 

995, 761 

85,167 

8.6 

Porto  Rico . . 

531,941 

46, 052 

8.6 

United  States  (1890) . 

40, 380, 050 

2, 970, 052 

7.4 

THE  WIDOWED. 


143 


These  figures  indicate  a  proportion  of  widowed  in  Cuba  not  much 
above  that  in  the  United  States  and  not  at  all  above  that  in  Porto  Rico. 
But  obviously  only  persons  who  had  been  lawfully  married  would  be 
reported  to  the  census  as  widowed.  Persons  who  had  been  living  in 
consentual  marriages,  but  whose  unions  had  ended  before  the  census 
by  death  of  the  other  party,  would  appear  in  the  census  not  as  widowed 
but  as  single.  Hence  a  fairer  basis  for  the  comparison  may  be  found 
in  the  persons  reported  as  married.  Such  a  comparison  }'ields  the 
following  result: 


Country. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Per  cent 
widowed 
to  100 
married. 

Cuba . 

246, 351 

85, 167 

34.6 

Porto  Rico . 

158, 570 

46, 052 

29.0 

United  States  (1890) . 

22, 331, 424 

2, 970, 052 

13.3 

On  this  basis  it  appears  that  there  was  in  Cuba  one  widow  or  widower 
for  every  three  married  persons,  while  in  the  United  States  there  was 
one  widow  or  widower  for  every  eight  married  persons.  In  Cuba  in 
1861  there  was  one  widow  or  widower  for  every  five  married  persons. 
This  large  proportion  of  widowed  is  emphasized  by  the  following  table 
in  which  the  proportion  of  widowed  to  married  is  given  for  the  last 
available  census  of  a  number  of  Spanish- American  countries,  or  West 
Indian  Islands: 


Country. 

Date  of 
census. 

Widowed 
to  100 
married. 

Argentina . 

1895 

17 

Barbados . 

1891 

22 

Bermuda . 

1891 

23 

British  Honduras . 

1891 

29 

Chile . 

1885 

19 

Costa  Rica . 

1892 

16 

Guatemala . 

1893 

20 

Jamaica . 

1891 

21 

Leeward  Islands . 

1891 

25 

Martinique . .• . 

1894 

34 

Mexico . 

1895 

25 

Trinidad . 

1891 

22 

Turk’s  Island . 

1891 

20 

Portugal . 

1890 

19 

Spain. . . 

1887 

17 

Porto  Rico . 

1899 

29 

Cuba . 

1899 

34 

• 

The  evidence  thus  shows  conclusively  that  the  proportion  of  widows 
and  widowers  in  Cuba  was  far  higher  than  in  the  other  countries  with 
which  comparison  would  naturally  be  made.  Whether  the  excess  is  of 
widows  or  widowers  may  be  doubtful.  In  the  following  table  the  sex 
classification  is  introduced: 


Country. 

Husbands. 

Widowers. 

Widowers 
.  to  100 
husbands. 

Wives. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

Cuba . 

125, 067 

23, 059 

18.4 

121,284 

62, 108 

51.2 

Porto  Rico . 

78, 689 

12, 023 

15.3 

79, 881 

34, 029 

42.6 

United  States  (1890) . 

11, 205, 228 

815, 437 

7.3 

11, 126, 196 

2,154,615 

19.4 

144 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


This  table  shows  that  both  the  West  India  Islands  had  more  than 
double  the  proportion  of  widowed  to  married  that  prevails  in  the 
United  States,  but  that  the  proportion  in  Cuba  was  noticeably  higher 
than  in  Porto  Rico.  For  every  six  husbands  there  was  a  widower  and 
for  every  two  wives  a  widow. 

In  the  following  table  the  classification  is  carried  into  the  several 
provinces: 


Province. 

Husbands. 

Widowers. 

Widowers 
to  100 
husbands. 

Wives. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

Habana  city . 

22,003 

3,372 

15 

20,068 

11.427 

57 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

18, 080 

4,371 

24 

17, 395 

9,  442 

54 

Matanzas . 

13, 602 

2,760 

20 

13,485 

7,329 

54 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

13, 783 

2, 772 

20 

13,317 

6,192 

46 

Puerto  Principe . 

8, 542 

1.203 

14 

8,668 

3,926 

45 

Santa  Clara . 

28,681 

5, 791 

20 

28, 244 

14,319 

50 

Santiago . 

20, 376 

2,790 

14 

20, 107 

9,473 

47 

Cuba . 

125, 067 

23,059 

18 

121, 284 

62, 108 

51 

Widows  were  most  numerous  in  the  capital  of  the  island  and  least 
numerous  in  Puerto  Principe.  Widowers  were  most  numerous  in 
Habana  outside  the  city,  and  least  numerous  in  Puerto  Principe. 
Probably  Puerto  Principe  suffered  as  little  as  any  province  during  the 
last  five  years,  and  the  high  proportion  of  widows  in  Habana  city  may 
result  from  migration  of  widows  to  the  capital  or  from  the  presence 
in  the  city  of  many  widows  of  Spaniards.  The  facts  regarding  the 
classes  of  the  population  of  Habana  city  are  as  follows: 


Race. 

Wives. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

Native  whites . 

13, 528 

7,242 

53 

Foreign-born  whites . 

4,494 

2,546 

57 

Colored . 

2,046 

1,639 

80 

While  the  figures  show  a  larger  proportion  of  widows  among  the 
foreign  born  than  the  native  white,  the  proportion  of  widows  among 
the  colored  was  far  greater.  This  is  a  result  so  unexpected  that  one 
asks  at  once  whether  i«t  was  true  throughout  Cuba.  The  following 
table  gives  the  facts: 


Race. 

Husbands. 

Widowers. 

Widowers 
to  100 
husbands. 

1 

Wives. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

Native  whites . 

75,454 

34.306 

15.307 

15, 207 

20 

93,900 

46, 652 

50 

Foreign-horn  whites . 

5, 199 
2,653 

15 

10,883 

5,847 

9,609 

54 

Colored  _ . 

17 

16,501 

58 

Apparently  widows  were  most  numerous  relatively  among  the  colored 
and  least  numerous  among  the  native  white,  while  widowers  were  most 
numerous  among  the  native  white  and  least  so  among  the  foreign 
born. 


THE  WIDOWED - THE  SINGLE. 


145 


Perhaps  the  best  measure  of  the  progressive  increase  of  widow¬ 
hood  with  advancing  years  is  found  by  comparing  the  widowed  with 
the  married  of  each  age  group.  This  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


Age  period. 

Husbands. 

Widowers. 

Widowers 
-  to  100 
husbands. 

Wives. 

Widows. 

Widows 
to  100 
wives. 

15-19  . 

169 

45 

27 

5,584 

280 

5 

20-24  . 

4,353 

252 

6 

19, 142 

2, 228 

12 

25-29  . 

14, 612 

1,190 

8 

24, 926 

4,542 

18 

30-34  . 

21,948 

2,284 

10 

22, 112 

5, 804 

26 

35-44  . 

42, 629 

5,986 

14 

30,008 

13, 835 

46 

45-54  . 

25, 247 

5,600 

22 

13, 511 

15, 055 

111 

55-64  . 

11,708 

4,455 

38 

4,673 

12, 156 

260 

65 . 

4,378 

3,230 

74 

1,246 

8, 201 

658 

The  table  showTs  the  uniform  and  steady  increase  of  widowhood  for 
each  sex  with  advancing  years,  and  also  the  far  greater  proportion  of 
widows  than  of  widowers  at  any  given  age.  This  difference  between 
the  two  sexes  increases  with  age.  Between  20  and  35  the  proportion 
of  widows  to  wives  was  about  double  that  of  widowers  to  husbands. 
At  the  next  age  period  it  was  treble,  at  the  next  five  times,  at  the  next 
seven  times,  and  at  the  latest  age  nine  times.  For  this  difference  a  num¬ 
ber  of  cooperating  causes  may  be  assigned.  As  the  husband  is  usually 
older  than  the  wife  and  the  chance  of  death  increases  with  age,  more 
marriages  are  broken  by  the  death  of  the  husband  than  by  the  death 
of  the  wife.  Then,  too,  at  the  same  age  the  mortality  of  men  is  usually 
rather  greater  than  the  mortality  of  women.  And  a  widower  is  more 
likely  than  a  widow  to  reenter  the  group  of  married  by  a  second  union. 


THE  SINGLE. 


The  small  proportion  of  married  in  Cuba  has  already  been  mentioned 
(p.  118).  Even  if  the  consentual  unions  be  included  with  the  mar¬ 
riages,  the  proportion  of  the  total  was  much  less  than  in  the  United 
States  (p.  135).  The  widowed,  while  very  numerous  with  reference  to 
the  married,  were  not  much  more  numerous  than  elsewhere  with  ref¬ 
erence  to  the  total  or  the  adult  population.  There  are  no  divorced 
persons  in  Cuba.  The  only  other  marital  class,  the  single,  must  then 
be  unusually  numerous.  For  purposes  of  comparison  with  other  coun¬ 
tries,  however,  the  persons  living  in  consentual  unions  in  Cuba  should 
be  classed  with  the  single.  In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of 
single  to  total  population  over  15  is  given  for  the  countries  with  which 
comparison  would  most  naturally  be  made.  The  countries  are  arranged 
in  the  order  of  increasing  proportion  of  single. 

24602 - 10 


14G 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Country. 


Hungary1 . 

Mexico . 

France . 

Italy . 

United  States . 

Denmark . 

Germany . 

England  and  Wales 

Austria . 

Sweden . 

Netherlands . 

Switzerland . 

Belgium . 

Turks  Island . 

Guatemala  2 . 

Scotland . 


Date  of 
census. 

Per  cent 
of  single 
to  popu¬ 
lation 
15+. 

Country. 

Date  of 
census. 

Per  cent 
of  single 
to  popu¬ 
lation 
15+. 

1890 

23.2 

Chile . . 

1885 

45. 3 

1895 

34.9 

Porto  Rico3 . 

1899 

45. 9 

1886 

35.3 

New  Zealand . 

1891 

46.4 

1881 

36.5 

Costa  Rica . 

1892 

47.5 

1890 

36.9 

Argentina . 

1895 

47.9 

1890 

36.7 

Queensland . 

1891 

48.3 

1890 

38.3 

Ireland . 

1891 

50.8 

1891 

39.6 

British  Honduras . 

1891 

51.4 

1890 

40.4 

Cuba 3 . 

1899 

63.4 

1890 

40.7 

Leeward  Islands . 

1891 

57.7 

1889 

40.8 

Barbados  . 

1891 

61. 5 

1888 

42.8 

Porto  Rico  4 . 

1899 

61.7 

1890 

43.9 

Trinidad5 . 

1891 

63.  5 

1891 

43.9 

Cuba 4 . 

1899 

66.6 

1893 

1891 

44.7 

45.2 

Martinique . 

1894 

78.5 

1  Population  16+  is  the  basis. 

2  Population  14+  is  the  basis. 

3  Excluding  persons  living  together  by  .mutual  consent. 

4  Including  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent. 

5  Excluding  the  East  Indians. 


This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  single  among  the  adults  of 
Cuba  is  higher  than  in  an}T  other  considerable  country  known  to  statis¬ 
tics.  In  the  United  States  not  much  more  than  one-third  of  the  adults 
were  single,  while  in  Cuba  over  one-half  and,  including  the  persons 
living  together  in  consentual  unions,  two-thirds  were  single.  In  the 
subsequent  discussion  the  word  single  will  be  limited  by  excluding 
the  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent  as  well  as  the  married 
and  widowed. 

In  the  following  table  the  two  sexes  are  compared: 


Sex. 

Population 

15+. 

Single  15+. 

Fer  cent 
single. 

Males . 

522, 116 
473, 645 

308, 031 
224, 317 

59.0 

47.4 

Females . 

The  excess  of  single  males  over  single  females,  amounting  to  83,729^ 
is  due  partly  to  the  excess  of  48,471  males  in  the  adult  population 
and  partly  to  the  excess  of  39,049  widows  over  widowers. 

The  proportion  of  single  decreases  with  advancing  years,  as  follows: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  single 
among — 

Per  cent  single  in 
United  States  (1890) 
among — 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

0-14 . 

99.9 

99.8 

100.0 

100.0 

15-19 . 

99.3 

89. 1 

99.5 

90.3 

20-24 . 

88.6 

57.  3 

80.7 

51.8 

25-29 . 

67. 2 

36.  7 

46.0 

25. 4 

30-34 . 

45.9 

29.2 

26.5 

15.2 

35-44 . 

33. 1 

28.3 

15.3 

9.9 

45-54 . 

32. 1 

31.3 

9.1 

7.1 

55-64 . 

38.0 

34.6 

6.8 

5.8 

65+ . 

42. 9 

41.5 

5.6 

5.6 

THE  SINGLE - LITERACY. 


147 


In  Cuba  over  two-fifths  of  the  population  apparently  go  through 
life  single,  while  in  the  United  States  only  about  one-eighteenth  do  so. 
Next  to  this  noteworthy  difference  between  the  two  countries  the  most 
interesting  inference  from  the  table  is  that  the  proportion  of  single 
does  not  decrease  steadily  from  youth  to  old  age,  as  might  be  expected 
and  as  it  does  in  the  United  States.  On  the  contrary,  a  distinct  min¬ 
imum  is  reached  for  men  at  45-54  years  of  age  and  for  women  ten 
years  earlier.  After  these  ages  the  proportion  of  single  increases. 

Some  light  is  thrown  on  this  difference  by  the  following  table: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  single  among — 

Males. 

Females. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

15-19 . 

99.4 

99.0 

88.9 

89.7 

20-24 . 

90.0 

84.6 

54.0 

63.9 

25-29 . 

67. 2 

63.5 

29.5 

50.1 

30-34 . 

44.6 

49.7 

19.8 

-45.8 

35-44 . 

29.5 

-43.0 

16.8 

47.4 

45-54 . 

21.2 

51.2 

15.4 

54.0 

55-64 . 

18.0 

59.6 

-14.9 

68.9 

65+ . 

-17.1 

62.5 

15.3 

66.0 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  increase  in  the  proportion  of  single 
with  advancing  years  was  almost  confined  to  the  colored  race.  It  is 
probably  due  in  large  part  to  the  inclusion  with  the  single  of  persons 
who  had  earlier  in  life  lived  in  consentual  unions,  but  whose  married 
life  had  ended  by  separation  of  the  parties  through  death  or  other¬ 
wise  or  who  having  no  children  living  with  them  were  classified  as 
single  although  really  belonging  to  the  class  of  persons  living  together 
by  mutual  consent. 

LITERACY. 

A  census  can  take  cognizance  of  the  degree  of  education  of  a  peo¬ 
ple  only  as  it  is  indicated  by  certain  simple  tests.  These  tests  refer 
usually  to  formal  or  book  education,  not  because  that  is  necessarily 
the  most  important,  but  because  it  is  the  most  easily  tested.  The  tests 
used  by  the  present  census  were  attendance  at  school,  ability  to  read, 
ability  to  write,  and  possession  of  higher  education.  It  is  obvious  that 
attendance  at  school  certifies  nothing  regarding  a  person’s  educational 
attainments,  yet  if  the  entire  population  is  to  be  classed  according  to 
degree  of  education  some  assumption  must  be  made  regarding  children 
attending  school.  It  can  not  introduce  serious  error  to  assume  that  all 
children  attending  school  were  able  to  read  and  write,  and  all  under  10 
years  of  age  and  not  attending  school  were  not  able  to  read.  On  these 
assumptions  the  population  of  Cuba  may  be  classified  as  follows: 


Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Having  higher  education . 

19, 158 

1.2 

Able  to  read  and  write . 

533, 498 

34.0 

Able  to  read . 

566, 501 

36. 0 

Population  answering  educational  inquiries . 

1,571,385 

100.0 

148 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


In  the  preceding-  table  the  classes  are  not  mutually  exclusive,  but 
each  succeeding  class  includes  all  those  in  the  preceding.  From  that 
table  the  following  may  be  derived  by  taking  the  differences  in  the 
successive  numbers  of  the  preceding: 


Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Unable  to  read . . 

1,004,884 

63.9 

Able  to  read  but  unable  to  write . 

33,003 

2.1 

Able  to  write  but  without  superior  education . 

514, 340 

32.7 

With  higher  education . 

19, 158 

1.2 

Unknown  . 

1,412 

.1 

Total  population . 

1,572,  797 

100.0 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  three  classes  of  those  able  to 
read  but  unable  to  write,  those  with  higher  education,  and  those  not 
answering  the  educational  questions,  including  together  little  more 
than  one-thirtieth  of  the  total  population,  were  numerically  insignifi¬ 
cant.  Attention  may  therefore  be  centered  on  the  other  two  classes. 
The  several  provinces  of  Cuba  had  the  following  proportion  of  per¬ 
sons  able  to  read: 


Province. 

Population. 

Able  to  read. 

.Number.  £nt. 

Habana  . 

424, 804 

225, 524 

53.1 

Matanzas . 

202, 444 

70, 393 

34.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

173, 064 

32,684 

18.9 

Puerto  Principe . 

88,234 

33,384 

37.8 

Santa  Clara . 

356, 536 

116, 799 

32.8 

Santiago . 

327, 715 

87, 717 

26.8 

Habana  province  had  the  largest  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the  smallest  pro¬ 
portion  of  persons  able  to  read.  Earlier  in  this  analysis  (p.  76)  it  was 
shown  that  Habana  province  had  the  largest  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the 
smallest  proportion  of  urban  population.  That  the  two  vary  together 
will  appear  more  clearly  from  the  following: 


Provinces  in  the  order  of — 


Literacy: 

Habana. 

Puerto  Principe. 
Matanzas. 

Santa  Clara. 
Santiago. 

Pinar  del  Rio. 


Urban  population: 
Habana. 
Matanzas. 
Puerto  Principe. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santiago. 

Pinar  del  Rio. 


It  seems  probable,  therefore,  that  the  ability  to  read  is  more  usual  in 
Cuban  cities  than  it  is  in  the  rural  districts.  In  the  following  table  the 
facts  are  given  for  the  14  cities  separately  reported  in  Table  XIX. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


CUBA 

THE  PROPORTION  OF  ILLITERATES  TO  POPULATION 
10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


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PORTIONS  SHADED  ARE  ILLITERATE 


A  HOEN6CO  BALTIMORE 


LITERACY. 


149 


Cities. 

Population. 

Able  to  r 

Number. 

ead. 

Per 

cent. 

Cardenas . 

21, 940 

12, 074 

55 

Cienfuegos . 

30, 038 

18,052 

60 

Guanabacoa . 

13, 965 

8,090 

58 

Habana  . 

235, 981 

155, 534 

66 

Manzanillo . 

14, 464 

8, 132 

56 

Matanzas . 

36'  374 

21, 447 

59 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

8,880 

4,101 

46 

Puerto  Principe . 

25, 102 

15, 495 

62 

Regia . 

11,363 

6, 513 

57 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

12, 728 

6, 665 

52 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

12, 696 

6,793 

53 

Santa  Clara . 

13,  763 

7,872 

57 

Santiago . 

43,  090 

25, 905 

60 

Trinidad . 

11,120 

6,114 

55 

Twelve  of  the  14  cities  had  a  larger  proportion  of  persons  able 
to  read  than  an}^  of  the  6  provinces,  and  all  had  a  larger  proportion 
of  literates  than  any  province  but  Habana.  This  shows  clearly  that 
illiteracy  is  especially  prevalent  in  the  rural  districts  of  Cuba.  The 
facts  for  city  and  country  are  summarized  in  the  following  table: 


District. 

Population. 

Able  to  read. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Habana  . 

235, 981 
255, 523 
1,081,293 

155, 534 
147, 253 
263, 714 

65.9 

57.6 

24.4 

Thirteen  other  cities . 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

Total . 

1,572,  797 

566, 501 

36.0 

Rather  more  than  one-third  of  the  total  population  of  Cuba  were  able 
to  read,  but  the  proportion  rose  in  Habana  city  to  nearly  two-thirds, 
and  in  the  13  other  cities  it  averaged  nearly  three-fifths,  while  in  rural 
Cuba  it  was  not  quite  one-fourth.  The  per  cents  for  the  several  cities 
have  already  been  given,  but  the  figures  for  the  provinces  after  the 
cities  have  been  subtracted  are  given  below: 


Province. 

Rural  popu¬ 
lation. 

Able  to  read. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Habana . 

163, 495 

55,387 

34 

Puerto  Principe . 

63, 132 

17, 889 

28 

Matanzas . 

144, 130 

36, 872 

26 

Santa  Clara . 

276, 191 

71,303 

26 

Santiago . 

270, 161 

53,  680 

20 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

164, 184 

28, 583 

17 

The  largest  proportion  of  literates  is  found  in  rural  Habana,  where 
one-third  of  the  total  population  was  able  to  read;  the  smallest  propor¬ 
tion  in  the  provinces  at  the  ends  of  the  island,  Santiago  and  Pinar  del 
Rio,  where  from  one-sixth  to  one-fifth  were  able  to  read.  The  four 
central  provinces  all  had  proportions  above  the  average  for  rural 
Cuba. 


150 


REPORT  O N  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


There  are  two  Spanish  censuses,  those  of  1861  and  1887,  in  which  the 
number  of  Cubans  able  to  read  was  reported.  In  the  following  table 
the  results  of  those  censuses  are  brought  into  comparison  with  the 
present: 


Able  to  read. 

Date  of  census. 

Population. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

1861 . 

1,396,630 

1,631,687 

1, 572, 797 

268, 237 
452, 330 
567, 913 

19.2 

1887 . 

27.7 

1899 . 

36.1 

In  thirty-eight  years  the  per  cent  of  the  population  able  to  read  has 
nearly  doubled. 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 

The  total  number  of  persons  attending  school  in  Cuba  during  the 
year  preceding  October  16,1899,  was  87,935  (Tables  XIX  and  XXI), 
or  between  5  and  6  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  But  in  the  dis¬ 
cussion  on  age  it  was  shown  (p.  86)  that  the  children  in  Cuba  between 
5  and  15,  and  so  at  the  ages  when  school  attendance  is  most  common, 
were  unusually  numerous.  Hence  it  is  better  to  compare  the  children 
attending  school  with  those  of  school  age.  From  Table  XXI  it 
appears  that  only  1,295  children  under  5  or  over  17  attended  school, 
that  is,  less  than  1 £  per  cent  of  the  entire  number.  The  school  age 
may  therefore  be  assumed  to  be  5-17,  and  this  slight  proportion  of 
persons  over  or  under  these  limits  neglected. 


Population 

5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 

5-17. 

Per 

cent. 

Cuba . 

552,928 

86, 640 

15.7 

It  has  already  been  shown  that  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to 
read,  and  probably  also  the  proportion  of  children  attending  school, 
was  much  higher  in  the  cities  of  Cuba  than  in  the  rural  districts.  In 
the  following  table  the  facts  for  the  live  cities  included  in  Table  XXI 


are  given: 

n 


City. 

Population 

5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 

5-17. 

Per 

cent. 

M  a  tan /.as . 

11,903 

4,845 

40.7 

Cienfuegos . 

9,  786 

3, 794 

38.8 

Habana  . 

62, 833 

20, 050 

31.9 

Puerto  Principe . 

8,417 

2,  M2 

30.2 

Santiago . 

14,  946 

4,397 

29.4 

Total . 

107,885 

35,628 

33.0 

CENSUS  OF  CUBA.  1899 


EDUCATION 

POPULATION  OVER  10  YEARS  OF  AGE 

HABANA  MATANZAS 


_ 


PINAR  DEL  RIO  PUERTO  PRINCIPE 


SANTIAGO 


]  ILLITERATE 


ATTENDED  SCHOOL 


LITERATE 


|  SUPERIOR  EDUCATION 


A.KOfcN  CO.  BAU'IMORE 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


151 


On  the  average  in  the  live  cities  almost  exactly  one-third  of  the 
children  5-17  attended  school  during  the  year  preceding  the  census. 
If  the  figures  for  these  cities  be  subtracted  from  those  for  all  Cuba, 
the  following  results  are  reached: 


Population 

5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 

5-17. 

Per 

cent. 

Cuba  outside  five  cities . 

445, 043 

51,012 

11.5 

The  proportion  attending  school  in  the  large  cities  was  almost  three 
times  that  in  the  rest  of  the  island. 

In  the  following  table  the  figures  are  given  for  the  six  provinces 
after  the  five  large  cities  have  been  excluded: 


Province  (excluding  all  cities  of  25,000+). 

Population 

5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 

5-17. 

Per 

cent. 

Matanzas . 

55, 566 

9, 742 

17.5 

Habana  . 

64, 856 

10, 090 

15.6 

Santa  Clara . 

117,  303 

16, 271 

13.9 

Santiago . 

116, 942 

9,694 

8.3 

Puerto  Principe . 

25,  720 

1,828 

7.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

64,656 

3,387 

5.2 

Cuba . 

445, 043 

51, 012 

11.5 

Both  in  its  capital  city  and  in  the  rest  of  the  province  Matanzas  had 
a  larger  proportion  of  children  attending  school  than  any  other  city 
or  province.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  rank  of  the  provinces  in 
school  attendance  is  often  at  variance  with  the  rank  in  regard  to  the 
proportion  able  to  read.  Thus  Puerto  Principe  ranks  next  to  Habana 
in  literacy,  and  yet  the  proportion  of  persons  at  school  in  Puerto 
Principe  was  lower  than  in  any  other  province  except  Pinar  del  Bio. 
The  anomaly  may  be  explained  by  assuming  that  in  the  sparsely  settled 
districts  children  are  often  taught  at  the  home  rather  than  in  a  school. 
In  that  case  the  figures  regarding  school  attendance  lose  much  of  their 
significance. 

Sex. — The  following  table  gives  the  facts  for  Cuba  by  sex: 


Population 

5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 

5-17. 

Per 

cent. 

Males . 

276, 881 
276, 047 

43, 697 
42, 943 

15.8 

15.6 

Females _ 

Total . 

552, 928 

86,640 

15.7 

The  two  sexes  attended  school  in  about  equal  proportions. 


152 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Race. — The  following  table  gives  the  facts  regarding  school  attend¬ 
ance  for  Cuba  by  race: 


Race. 

Population 

5-17. 

Attending  school. 

Population 

5-17. 

Per 

cent. 

White . 

375, 882 
177, 046 

62, 140 
24,500 

16.5 

13.8 

Colored . 

Total . 

552,928 

86, 640 

15.7 

The  school  attendance  of  the  whites  was  somewhat  higher  than  that 
of  the  colored,  but  the  difference  was  not  very  great. 

Age. — In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  school  attendants  in 
the  several  age  classes  is  given: 


Age. 

Population. 

School  at¬ 
tendants. 

Per  cent 
attending 
school. 

0-4 . 

130, 878 

683 

0.5 

5-9 . 

226, 109 

39, 876 

17.6 

10-14 . 

220, 049 

43, 326 

19.7 

15-17 . 

106, 770 

3, 438 

3.2 

18+ . 

888, 991 

612 

0.1 

Total . 

1,572,797 

87,935 

5.6 

The  maximum  proportion  of  school  attendants  was  between  10  and  11, 
but  the  preceding  five-year  period  shows  almost  as  high  a  proportion. 

LITERACY  AMONG  PERSONS  OVER  10  YEARS  OF  AGE. 


The  majority  of  persons  able  to  read  probably  learn  to  do  so  in 
early  childhood.  Hence  it  is  the  usual  practice  for  a  census  in  gath¬ 
ering  information  on  this  topic  to  disregard  all  children  under  a  cer¬ 
tain  age.  This  has  not  been  done  in  censuses  of  Spain  or  the 
Spanish  colonies,  but  in  American  census  practice  all  children  under 
10  are  omitted  from  the  illiteracy  tables.  This  classification  is  made 
in  the  present  census  of  Cuba  and  will  be  regarded  in  the  following 
discussion.  For  reasons  already  explained,  only  two  classes  will  be 
considered — those  who  are  and  those  who  are  not  able  to  read.  The 
following  table  gives  the  facts  for  all  Cuba: 


Class. 

Population 

10+. 

Per 

cent. 

Able  to  read . 

525, 245 
690, 565 

43 

Unable  to  read . 

57 

Total . 

1,215, 810 

100 

Rather  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  population  of  Cuba,  excluding 
young  children,  were  able  to  read,  a  proportion  rather  greater  than  that 
of  New  Mexico  in  1880  (35  per  cent)  and  less  than  that  of  South  Car¬ 
olina  in  the  same  year  (41.fi  per  cent),  but  decidedly  less  than  the  pro- 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


A  Hoen  &  Co  Baltcf  Lifh 


ABILITY  TO  READ. 


153 


portion  in  any  American  state  in  1890,  owing  to  the  rapid  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  American  school  system  in  the  last  score  of  years. 

Sex. — In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  Cuba  by  sex. 


Class. 

Population  10  +. 

Per  cent. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Able  to  read . 

282, 824 

242, 421 

45 

42 

Unable  to  read . 

351, 691 

338, 874 

55 

58 

Total . 

634, 515 

581,295 

100 

100 

The  corresponding  per  cents  for  the  United  States  are  males,  87.6; 
females,  85.6;  so  that  in  both  countries,  and  indeed  in  most  countries 
where  the  information  is  obtainable,  the  ability  to  read  is  somewhat 
more  general  among  men  than  among  women. 

Race. — In  the  following  table  the  number  of  persons  able  to  read  is 
given  for  Cuba  with  distinction  of  race  and  sex: 


Race  and  sex. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Able  to 
read. 

Unable  to 
read. 

Total. 

Able  to 
read. 

Unable 
to  read. 

White,  males . 

232, 117 

208, 962 

441,079 

52.6 

47.4 

White,  females . 

180, 528 

191,368 

371,896 

48.5 

51.5 

Colored,  males . 

50,  707 

142,  729 

193, 436 

26.2 

73.8 

Colored,  females . 

61, 893 

147, 506 

209, 399 

29.6 

70.4 

Total  whites . 

412, 645 

400, 330 

812, 975 

50.8 

49.2 

Total  colored . 

112, 600 

290, 235 

402, 835 

28.0 

72.0 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  one-half  of  the  wdiites  and  rather 
more  than  one-fourth  of  the  colored  were  able  to  read.  But  among  the 
colored  the  illiteracy  was  greater  among  the  males,  thus  reversing  the 
usual  rule.  Two  reasons  for  this  anomaly  may  be  suggested.  Colored 
men  work  more  largely  in  the  country  and  less  largely  in  the  cities  of 
Cuba  than  colored  women  do.  In  the  live  cities  of  over  .25,000  were 
found  27.6  per  cent  of  all  colored  females  over  10  years  of  age,  but 
only  22.2  per  cent  of  all  colored  males  over  10  years  of  age.  It  has 
been  shown  that  school  attendance  was  larger  and  illiteracy  smaller  in 
the  cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  Hence  the  sex  which  is  most 
numerous  in  cities  has  better  facilities  for  learning  to  read  and  proba¬ 
bly  city  life  tends  to  strengthen  the  desire  for  this  attainment.  Then, 
too,  the  colored  females  outnumber  the  colored  males  at  every  age 
period  from  15  to  50  and  the  males  outnumber  the  females  between  50 
and  80.  This  is  probably  due  in  part  to  the  survival  in  Cuba  of  some 
thousands  of  negroes  born  in  Africa,  two-fifths  of  whom  are  males, 
and  to  almost  15,000  Chinese, nearly  all  of  whom  are  males.  Its  effect 
is  to  make  the  median  age  of  colored  males  over  10  fully  two  years 
higher  than  the  median  age  of  colored  females.  And  as  illiteracy  in 
Cuba  is  greater  among  elderly  people  than  it  is  among  those  in  middle 
life  this  higher  median  age  of  the  colored  males  would  tend  to  accen¬ 
tuate  the  illiteracy  of  that  sex. 


154 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Age. — In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read 
in  each  age  group  is  given  for  the  total  population  and  for  the  two 
races: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  literate. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

White. 

Colored. 

10-14 . 

36.0 

45.9 

+50.3 

49.6 

47.3 

45.1 
39.0 

33.4 

28.1 

38.3 
49.0 

54.3 
+55.3 

55.2 

55.2 

53.7 

53.0 

52.9 

31.3 
39.2 

+40.6 

36.0 

29.4 

23.4 

15.6 

10.7 
7.4 

16-19 . 

20-24 . 

25-29 . 

30-34 . 

35-44 . 

45—54 . 

55-64 . 

65  + . 

Total . 

43.2 

50.8 

28.0 

It  appears  that  the  largest  proportion  was  in  the  age  period  20-24;  that 
is,  the  class  whose  school  years  were  lived  between  1878  and  1895.  The 
illiteracy  among  whites  never  rises  to  one-half  except  for  the  age 
periods  10-19,  and  is  quite  uniform.  The  aged  colored  are  very  largely 
illiterate,  but  the  proportion  is  lower  in  the  younger  groups,  reaching 
its  minimum  at  the  period  20-24.  These  figures  indicate  an  educational 
system  which,  during  the  past  generation,  has  been  reaching  about  the 
same  proportion  of  whites  but  a  constantly  increasing  proportion  of 
colored  until  the  confusion  and  warfare  of  the  last  few  years  seriously 
impaired  its  efficiency. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


The  instructions  issued  to  the  Cuban  enumerators  in  Spanish  with 
reference  to  filling  this  part  of  the  schedule  may  be  translated  as 
follows: 


This  inquiry  (column  11)  applies  to  every  person  10  years  of  age  and  over  having 
a  gainful  occupation,  and  calls  for  the  profession,  trade,  or  branch  of  work  upon 
which  each  person  depends  chiefly  for  support,  or  in  which  he  is  engaged  ordinarily 
during  the  larger  part  of  the  time.  In  reporting  occupations  avoid  general  or 
indefinite  terms  which  do  not  indicate  the  kind  of  work  done.  You  need  not  give 
a  person’s  occupation  just  as  he  expresses  it.  If  he  can  not  tell  intelligibly  what  he 
is,  find  out  what  he  does,  and  describe  his  occupation  accordingly.  For  wives  and 
daughters  at  home  engaged  in  the  duties  of  the  household  only,  write  “at  home” 
(en  casa).  For  children  not  actually  at  work,  write  “at  school”  (estudiante)  or 
“  at  home  ”  (en  casa),  as  the  case  may  be.  Spell  out  the  name  of  the  occupation  and 
do  not  abbreviate  in  any  case.1 


‘It  is  desirable  that  some  brief  terms  should  be  introduced  to  describe  persons 
covered  by  the  preceding  instructions  and  accurately  but  clumsily  described  as 
persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations.  In  the  following  discussion  the  terms 
breadwinners  or  persons  at  work  will  sometimes  be  used  for  one  class  and  dependents 
for  the  other.  Any  term  must  be  understood  in  accordance  with  these  instructions 
rather  than  with  its  usual  and  popular  meaning. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


155 


The  number  of  Cubans  reported  as  having  gainful  occupations  was 
622,330,  or  39.6  per  cent  of  the  total  population.1  The  figures  for 
Cuba  are  compared  with  those  for  the  U nited  States  and  Porto  Pico  in 
the  following  table: 


Country. 

Date. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Cuba . 

1899 

1,572, 797 

622,330 

39.6 

Porto  Rico . 

1899 

953, 243 

316, 365 

33.2 

United  States . 

1890 

62, 622, 250 

22, 735, 661 

36.3 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  Cuba  has  about  two-fifths  of  its 
population  engaged  in  some  gainful  occupation,  while  in  Porto  Rico 
the  proportion  is  only  one-third  and  in  the  United  States  about  mid¬ 
way  between  the  two.  Some  reasons  for  the  difference  will  appear  as 
the  subject  is  probed  farther. 

1  Among  these  there  were  2,053  children  under  10  reported  as  having  a  gainful 
occupation.  These  may  all  be  regarded  as  enumerators’  errors,  but  the  margin  of 
error  they  introduce,  less  than  one-third  of  1  per  cent,  is  far  less  than  that  to  which 
all  occupation  returns  are  subject,  and  may,  therefore,  be  neglected.  It  is  probably 
true  that  a  certain  number  of  children  under  10  in  Cuba  do  work  which  is  a  fair 
equivalent  for  their  living.  The  number  of  such  children  must  vary  in  different 
parts  of  the  island.  But,  according  to  the  instructions  quoted  above,  none  of  these 
should  have  been  reported.  Hence  the  reported  number  is  dependent  upon  two 
variables,  first,  the  actual  number  in  the  districts,  and  secondly,  the  heedlessness  of 
the  enumerators  in  reporting  such  answers  contrary  to  the  instructions.  The  pro¬ 
portion  of  such  returns  to  the  total  of  persons  reported  as  having  gainful  occupations 
may  afford,  therefore,  a  very  rough  test  of  the  exactness  with  which  enumerators 
followed  their  instructions  in  this  particular.  From  this  point  of  view  the  follow¬ 
ing  table  is  of  interest: 


In  gainful  occupations. 

Province. 

Children 

Per 

1 OUxl. 

under  10. 

cent. 

Puerto  Principe . 

31, 822 

30 

.094 

Habana  citv . 

108,000 

224 

.207 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

75, 961 

190 

.250 

Santiago . 

108, 777 

317 

.291 

Santa  Clara . 

144, 612 

591 

.409 

Manta  nzas . 

85, 296 

353 

.414 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

67, 862 

348 

.513 

Cuba . 

622, 330 

2,053 

.330 

This  instruction  was  most  carefully  observed  in  Puerto  Principe  and  most  over¬ 
looked  in  Pinar  del  liio. 


156 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

The  absolute  and  relative  number  of  persons  engaged  in  gainful 
occupations  in  the  several  provinces  was  as  follows: 


Province. 

Population. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Santiago . 

327, 715 

108, 777 

33.2 

Puerto  Principe . 

88,234 

31,822 

36.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

173,064 

67, 862 

39.2 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

188,823 

75, 961 

40.2 

Santa  Clara . 

356, 536 

144, 612 

40.6 

Matanzas . 

202, 444 

85, 296 

42.1 

Habana  (city) . 

235, 981 

108,000 

45.8 

The  relative  number  of  breadwinners  was  as  low  in  Santiago  as  in 
Porto  Kico  and  as  low  in  Puerto  Principe  as  in  the  United  States.  In 
Pinar  del  ltio  it  was  about  the  average  for  the  island,  while  in  the  three 
central  provinces  it  was  above  the  average,  and  highest  of  all  in  Habana 
city.  The  range  in  Cuba  between  the  highest  and  lowest  divisions  was 
12.6  per  cent,  while  in  the  United  States  the  range  between  the  high¬ 
est  (Montana)  and  lowest  (West  Virginia)  states  was  25.1  per  cent. 

The  position  of  Habana  city  in  the  preceding  table  suggests  that 
gainful  occupations  may  be  more  general  in  cities  than  in  rural  dis¬ 
tricts.  To  determine  Avhether  this  is  true,  the  following  table  has 
been  prepared: 


• 

In  gainful  occupations. 

City. 

Population. 

Per  cent  in 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

prov  nice 
containing 

city. 

Cardenas  . 

21,940 

8, 741 

39.8 

42.1 

Cienfuegos  . 

30,038 

11,485 

38.2 

40.6 

Guanabucoa . 

13,965 

5,281 

37.8 

43. 3 

Habana . 

235, 981 

108,000 

45.8 

43.3 

Manzanillo . 

14, 464 

4, 595 

31.8 

33.2 

Matanzas . 

36, 374 

14, 320 

39.4 

42.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

8,880 

3, 986 

44.9 

39. 2 

Puerto  Principe . 

25, 102 

8,438 

33.6 

36.1 

Regia . 

11,363 

4, 305 

37.9 

43.3 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

12,728 

5,229 

41.1 

40.6 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

12,696 

3, 868 

30.5 

40.6 

Santa  Clara . 

13,763 

5, 222 

37.  9 

40. 6 

Santiago . 

43, 090 

16,741 

38.9 

33.2 

Trinidad . 

11,120 

2, 947 

26. 5 

40.6 

Total  cities . 

491,504 

203, 158 

41.3 

Rural . . 

1,081,293 

419, 172 

38.8 

Cuba . 

1,572,797 

6»,  330 

39.6 

Gainful  occupations  arc  more  common  in  cities  than  in  the  rural 
districts;  but  the  figures  for  the  several  cities  show  that  this  is  due 
-to  the  dominant  influence  of  Habana,  which  had  nearly  as  many  inhab¬ 
itants  and  more  than  as  many  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations 
as  all  the  other  thirteen  cities  combined.  Of  the  other  thirteen  cities 
ten  had  a  smaller  proportion  of  breadwinners  than  the  province  in 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


CUBA 

OCCUPATIONS 

BY  RACE,  SEX,  AND  NATIONALITY 


A4h 


NATIVE 


IBS 


M 


U 


WHITE 


FEMALE 


FOREIGN 

-MALE- 


ALE 


I 


]] 

COLORED 


-I - r 


WHITE- 


f EMALE 


- L 


FEMALE 


~7 - - 


AGRICULTURE 

TRADE  AND  TRANSPORTATION 

MANUFACTURING 

PROFESSIONS 

PERSONAL  SERVICE 

NO  GAINFUL  OCCUPATION 


A  HOES  a  CO  8ATUMOOT- 


OCCUPATIONS. 


157 


which  they  lie.  In  the  58  American  cities  containing  each  over 
50,000  inhabitants  the  per  cent  in  gainful  occupations  in  1890  was  42.8, 
while  for  the  rest  of  the  country  it  was  only  34.8.  In  this  respect  the 
difference  between  city  and  country  in  Cuba  is  apparently  less  than 
half  what  it  is  in  the  United  States.  This  difference  between  the  two 
countries  may  be  connected  with  the  high  proportion  of  females  in 
Cuban  cities  already  mentioned  in  the  paragraph  on  sex  (p.  83)  and 
with  the  small  proportion  of  female  breadwinners  on  the  island,  which 
will  appear  from  the  next  paragraph. 

Breadwinners  classified  by  sex. — The  following  table  gives  the  abso¬ 
lute  and  relative  number  of  males  and  of  females  reported  as  engaged 
in  gainful  occupations  in  Cuba.  For  comparative  purposes  the  figures 
for  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  have  been  included. 


Country. 

Males. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions  . 

Females. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Cuba . 

815, 205 

555, 974 

G8.2 

757,592 

00, 350 

8.8 

Porto  Rico . 

472, 201 

208, 004 

50.9 

480, 982 

47,  701 

9.9 

United  States  (1890) . 

32, 007,  880 

18, 821, 090 

58.7 

30, 554, 370 

3, 914, 571 

12.8 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  larger  proportion  of  breadwin¬ 
ners  in  Cuba  holds  only  of  the  males.  Among  Cuban  women  the  pro¬ 
portion  in  gainful  occupations  was  smaller  than  it  was  in  either  Porto  Rico 
or  the  United  States,  but  with  males  the  case  was  very  different.  The 
percentage  of  them  remuneratively  employed  in  Cuba  was  one-sixth 
higher  than  in  either  of  the  other  countries.  Among  10  males  of  all 
ages  in  Cuba  7  were  at  work,  while  in  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States 
fewer  than  6  were  so  engaged.  Further  information  regarding  this 
difference  will  be  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  analysis. 

In  the  following  table  the  relative  number  of  breadwinners  is  given 
for  each  province,  classified  by  sex: 


Province. 

Males. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Females. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Habana . 

221,990 
103, 720 
91,088 

159, 014 
71, 721 
03, 974 
27, 352 
132, 788 
100, 525 

71. 9 

202, 814 
98,  718 
81,370 
43, 335 
107,479 
103, 870 

24, 347 
13,575 

12.0 

Matanzas . 

09  2 

13.7 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

09.8 

3, 888 
4,470 
11,824 
8,252 

4.8 

Puerto  Principe . 

44^  899 
189, 057 
103, 845 

00.9 

10.3 

Santa  Clara  .  . 

70.2 

7. 1 

Santiago . 

01.4 

5.0 

The  maximum  proportion  of  breadwinners  among  males  was  in 
Ilabana  and  the  minimum  in  Puerto  Principe.  But  with  females  the 
maximum  was  in  Matanzas  and  the  minimum  in  Pinar  de  Rio.  Ilence 
the  two  sexes  are  affected  by  different  conditions. 


158 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  high  position  of  Pinar  del  Rio  in  the  column  for  males  suggests 
that  gainful  occupations  for  males  may  be  quite  as  common  in  the 
country  as  in  the  cities.  That  Santiago  had  fewest  breadwinners  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  in  the  column  for  each  sex  it  ranks  next  to  last.  That 
Puerto  Principe  had  more  is  because  a  large  number  of  female  bread¬ 
winners  somewhat  neutralize  the  small  number  of  males,  which  was  less 
than  anywhere  else.  In  Pinar  del  Rio  the  conditions  were  reversed,  a 
high  proportion  of  male  breadwinners  was  partly  offset  by  few  females. 
In  Santa  Clara  more  males  were  at  work  than  anywhere  else  except 
Habana.  Matanzas  held  fourth  place  among  males,  but  was  lifted  to  the 
second  place  for  the  total  by  the  fact  that  more  females  were  at  work 
there  than  in  any  other  province.  Habana,  holding  first  place  among 
males  and  second  among  females,  was  first  in  the  total. 

Closer  examination  shows  that  female  breadwinners  were  apparently 
more  numerous  in  provinces  with  large  urban  population.  To  test  this 
the  provinces  may  be  arranged  as  follows: 


Provinces  in  the  order — 


Of  urban  population: 
Habana. 
Matanzas. 

Puerto  Principe. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santiago. 

Pinar  del  Rio. 


Of  females  in  gainful  occupations: 
Matanzas. 

Habana. 

Puerto  Principe. 

Santa  Clara. 

Santiago. 

Pinar  del  Rio 


That  the  two  vary  together  supports  the  hypothesis.  It  will  there¬ 
fore  be  more  closely  tested  by  the  following  table: 


Per  cent  of  total  females  who  were  reported  as  in  gainful  occupations  with  distinction  of  city 

and  country. 


Province. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

« 

Habana  . 

15.6 

6.1 

Matanzas . 

19. 1 

11.3 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

24.6 

3.6 

Puerto  Principe . 

14.1 

8.5 

Santa  Clara . 

13.0 

5.0 

Santiago . 

14.0 

2.9 

Cuba . 

15.5 

5.4 

Female  breadwinners  were  always  more  numerous  and  usually  sev- 
eral  times  more  numerous  in  the  cities  than  in  the  surrounding  country. 
The  proportion  of  women  in  gainful  occupations  in  the  rural  districts 
was  lowest  in  Santiago  and  highest  in  Matanzas;  but  in  the  cities  it  was 
lowest  in  Santa  Clara  and  highest  in  Pinar  del  Rio.  The  high  pro¬ 
portion  of  women  at  work  in  the  city  of  Pinar  del  Rio  is  probably 
connected  with  the  character  of  the  industries.  The  city  above  all 
others  is  a  tobacco  town.  In  no  other  of  the  fourteen  cities  separately 
reported  was  one-fifth  of  the  female  population  engaged  in  gainful 


OCCUPATIONS. 


159 


occupations,  but  in  Pinar  del  Rio  nearly  one-fourth  were  so  occupied. 
The  smallest  proportion  of  women  in  gainful  occupations  was  in  Trin¬ 
idad  and  Manzanillo.  In  the  United  States  in  1890  20.1  per  cent  of 
the  females  in  cities  of  over  50,000  inhabitants  and  11.1  per  cent  of  the 
females  in  the  rest  of  the  United  States  were  breadwinners.  With 
regard  to  the  proportion  of  women  at  work,  therefore,  urban  Cuba 
differs  much  more  from  rural  Cuba  than  urban  United  States  does 
from  rural  United  States.  But  in  this  comparison  the  line  between 
urban  and  rural  is  drawn  at  50,000  inhabitants  in  the  United  States 
and  with  a  single  exception  at  10,000  in  Cuba. 

Breadwinners  classified  by  age.  — Accordi ng  to  the  i  nstructions  already 
quoted,  the  question  about  occupation  was  put  only  to  persons  ten 
years  of  age  or  more.  Hence,  in  comparing  the  persons  engaged  in 
gainful  occupations  with  the  population,  it  is  better  to  disregard  the 
children  under  10.  This  is  done  in  the  table  below. 


Country. 

Persons  10 -K 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Cuba . 

1,215,810 

622, 330 

51.2 

Porto  Rico . 

G59, 294 

316, 365 

48.0 

United  States  (1890) . 

47,413,559 

22, 735, 661 

47.9 

With  the  elimination  of  the  child?*en  under  10,  who  were  nearly  31  per 
oent  of  the  total  in  Porto  Rico,  but  less  than  25  per  cent  in  the  United 
States,  the  difference  between  those  two  countries,  shown  in  a  former 
table  (p.  155),  almost  disappears.  But  the  difference  between  these  two 
countries  on  the  one  hand  and  Cuba  on  the  other  still  persists. 

In  the  following  table  the  analysis  is  carried  into  the  provinces: 


Province. 

Persons 

10  +  . 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Santiago . 

238, 017 
63,  786 
151,206 
279, 327 
130, 307 
159, 297 
193,  870 

108,777 
31,822 
75, 961 
144,612 
67, 862 
85, 296 
108,000 

45.7 
49.9 
50.2 

51.8 
52.1 
53.5 
55.7 

Puerto  Principe . 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

Santa  Clara . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Matanzas . 

Habana  (city) . 

The  difference  between  Santiago  and  Habana  cit}r,  which  was  12.0 
per  cent  when  the  total  population  was  used  as  a  basis  (p.  156),  was 
only  10  per  cent,  owing  to  the  fact  already  noted  (p,  91),  that  Habana 
city  had  few  and  Santiago  many  children.  Pinar  del  Rio,  having  a 
larger  population  under  10  than  Santa  Clara  or  Habana  province  out¬ 
side  the  city  (p.  90),  stood  above  these  two  in  the  proportion  of  persons 
engaged  in  gainful  occupations  as  soon  as  the  children  Avere  excluded. 


160 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


With  this  exception,  the  order  of  the  provinces  remains  the  same. 
Gainful  occupations  among  adults  were  more  common  in  the  western 
half  of  the  island,  and  reached  their  maximum  in  the  city  of  Habana. 
As  it  has  already  been  shown  that  outside  of  Habana  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions  were  less  common  in  Cuban  cities  than  in  the  provinces  contain¬ 
ing  them  (p.  156),  no  further  analysis  by  cities  seems  needed. 

In  the  following  table  the  number  and  per  cent  of  persons  in  gain¬ 
ful  occupations  is  given  by  details  of  age: 


In  gainful  occupations. 

Age  period. 

Number  of 

In  Cuba. 

Per  cent  in 

persons. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

the  United 
States 
(1890). 

0-9 . 

356, 987 
220,049 

2,053 
54, 189 

0.6 

10-14  . 

24.6 

8.6 

15-19  . 

178, 035 

86,948 

48.8 

42.9 

20-24  . 

25-29  . 

152, 959 
137, 405 

85, 932 
79, 895 

56.2 

57.7 

61.4 

59.1 

30-34  . 

118, 812 

70,484 

59.3 

35-44  . 

185, 0.56 

111,778 

60.4 

57.7 

45-54  . 

117,528 

70, 815 

60.3 

56.4 

55-64  . 

68, 182 

40, 587 

59.5 

54.1 

65+ . 

37, 699 

19,606 

52.0 

41.6 

Unknown . 

85 

43 

50.6 

59.6 

Total . 

1, 572, 797 

622,330 

39.6 

36.3 

Nearly  one-fourth  of  all  Cubans  between  10  and  15  years  of  age  and 
nearly  half  of  those  between  15  and  20  were  engaged  in  some  form  of 
gainful  occupation.  Between  25  and  65  the  proportion  was  uniformly 
about  three-hfths,  and  in  the  latest  age  period,  including  all  persons 
above  65,  more  than  half  the  population  were  at  work.  When  the 
figures  in  the  last  two  columns  of  the  preceding  table  are  compared 
some  noteworthy  differences  between  Cuba  and  the  United  States 
appear.  Among  children  10-14  gainful  employment  was  nearly  three 
times  as  common  in  Cuba  as  in  the  United  States  and  almost  as  com¬ 
mon  as  among  the  colored  population  alone  of  the  United  States  (25.1 
per  cent).  This  fact  is  closely  connected  not  merely  with  the  poverty 
of  the  masses  in  Cuba,  but  also  with  her  backward  industrial  condi¬ 
tion  and  the  slight  development  of  the  school  system,  which  has 
appeared  from  the  illiteracy  and  education  tables.  For  the  years 
20-35  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  in  the  two  countries  was  about 
the  same,  but  the  percentage  falls  off  more  rapidly  in  the  United 
States  than  in  Cuba.  These  proportions  indicate  that  gainful  work 
begins  earlier  in  life  and  continues  to  a  later  age  in  Cuba  than  it  does 
in  the  United  States. 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1  899 


CUBA 

OCCUPATIONS  BY  PROVINCES 


L 

-IABAN/ 

r 

_ 

AT  ANZAs 

i , 

N 

1  / 

-PINAR 

DEL 

_ 

RIC 

s  - 

J 

rr 

PUER1 

"0 

PRINCIPE 

_ 

SANTA 

CLAR/ 

_ 

C 

SANTIAGO 

) 

_ 

_ 

AGRICULTURE 

TRADE  AND  TRANSPORTATION 

MANUFACTURING 

PROFESSIONS 

PERSONAL  SERVICE 

NO  GAINFUL  OCCUPATION 


A  WOEN  a  CO  -  BALTIMOHF. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


161 


Breadwinners  classified  by  age  and  sex. — In  the  following  table  the 
number  of  persons  of  each  sex  and  the  specified  age  engaged  in  gainful 
occupations  is  given : 


Number  of  persons  of  sex  and  age  specified  who  were  engaged  in  gainful  occupations. 


Age  period. 

Total  persons  Persons  in  gainful 

iotai  persons.  occupations. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

0-9 . 

10-14 . 

15-19 . 

20-24 . 

25-29 . 

30-34 . 

35-44 . 

45-54 . 

55-64 . - . 

65  + . 

Unknown  age . 

Total . 

180, 690 
112, 399 
84,346 
79, 008 
73, 206 
64, 023 
101, 305 
64,096 
37, 099 
18, 976 

57 

176,297 
107, 650 
93, 689 
73, 951 
64, 199 
54,789 
83,  751 
53,  432 
31,083 
18,  723 

28 

1,638 
49,  398 
77,  303 
77,  515 
72, 133 
63, 126 
99,  567 
62, 463 
35,  677 
17,115 
-  39 

415 

4,  791 

9,  645 
8,417 

7,  762 
7,358 
12,211 

8, 352 
4,910 
2,491 

4 

815, 205 

757,  592 

555, 974 

66,  356 

From  the  figures  contained  in  the  preceding  table  the  percentages 
contained  in  the  following  have  been  computed,  and  for  comparison 
the  percentages  for  the  United  States  are  included: 


Per  cent  of  persons  of  sex  and  age  specified  who  were  engaged  in  gainful  occupations. 


Males  in — 

Females  in — 

Age  period. 

Cuba. 

United 

States. 

Cuba. 

United 

States. 

0-9 . 

0.9 

0.2 

10-14 . 

44.0 

11.2 

4.5 

5.9 

15-19 . 

91.6 

58.6 

10.3 

27.4 

20-24 . 

98.1 

92.0 

11.4 

30.6 

25-29 . 

98.5 

}  97.4 

I  12. 0 

}  17.3 

30-34 . 

98.6 

1  13.4 

35-44 . 

98.3 

97.9 

14.6 

13.2 

45-54 . 

97.5 

96.6 

15.6 

12. 9 

55-64 . 

96.2 

92.9 

15.8 

12.0 

65+ . 

90.2 

73.8 

13.3 

8.3 

Unknown  age . 

68.4 

75.8 

14.3 

30.8 

Total . 

68.2 

58.7 

8.8 

12.8 

Perhaps  the  most  noteworthy  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  this  table 
is  that  the  large  proportion  of  males  of  all  ages  who  were  gainfully 
employed  in  Cuba  as  compared  with  the  United  States  (see  p.  157)  is 
due  not  so  much  to  a  larger  proportion  during  the  years  of  maximum 
efficiency,  for  the  proportion  of  men  between  25  and  55  years  old  who 
were  at  work  in  the  two  countries  was  not  very  different,  but  is  due, 
rather,  to  the  fact  that  men  begin  to  work  in  Cuba  as  young  boys  and 
continue  to  work  into  advanced  years.  This  appears  clearly  in  the  table, 
but  perhaps  the  difference  between  the  two  countries  can  be  made  more 
conspicuous  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  proportion  of  males 
of  a  given  age  in  the  United  States  who  were  at  work  is  treated  as  100 
21662 - 11 


162 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


per  cent  and  the  relative  proportion  of  persons  of  the  same  age  at  work 
in  Cuba  is  computed  on  that  basis: 

Ratio  between,  proportion  of  males  at  work  in  Cuba  at  age  specified  and  those  at  work  in  the 

United  States  (=100  per  cent). 


Age  period : 

10-14 .  392 

15-19 .  156 

20-24 .  107 

25-34 .  101 

35-44 .  100 

45-54 .  101 

55-64 .  104 

65+ .  122 


Of  boys  between  10  and  15  nearly  four  times  as  large  a  proportion 
were  at  work  in  Culm  as  in  the  United  States.  The  proportion  of  young 
men  15-10  at  work  is  over  50  per  cent  greater,  and  of  those  20-21  the 
excess  was  7  per  cent;  but  between  25  and  55  the  average  difference 
was  only  about  1  per  cent.  For  men  55  to  61  it  rose  again  to  between 
3  and  1  per  cent,  and  of  men  over  65  the  proportion  at  work  in  Cuba 

was  over  one-fifth  greater  than  in  the  United  States.  The  difference 

§ 

between  the  two  countries  may  be  due  in  part  to  the  difference  in  the 
character  of  the  industries.  An  effort  to  ascertain  whether  this  is  so 
will  be  made  when  the  figures  for  classes  of  industries  are  analyzed. 
But  in  very  large  part  doubtless  it  is  a  result  of  the  burdens,  indus¬ 
trial  and  political,  under  which  the  island  has  been  struggling  of  recent 
years.  Boys  and  old  men  in  Cuba  have  had  to  work  in  order  to  earn 
a  livelihood,  while  in  the  United  States  many  of  the  former  have  been 
securing  for  themselves,  by  school  attendance  and  otherwise,  a  greater 
earning  power  in  later  years,  and  many  of  the  latter  class  have  with¬ 
drawn  from  gainful  occupations  and  live  on  their  own  savings  or  on 
the  surplus  from  other  members  of  the  household. 

In  the  two  columns  for  women  a  remarkable  difference  appears 
between  the  two  countries.  The  proportion  of  Cuban  women  who  were 
engaged  in  gainful  occupations,  while  always  small,  rises  steadily, 
though  slowly,  to  a  maximum  at  the  age  period  55-64.  In  the  United 
States  it  rises  very  rapidly  to  a  maximum  almost  twice  as  great  in  the 
age  period  20-24.  It  then  falls  almost  as  abruptly,  and  for  ages  above 
35  it  is  actually  lower  than  in  Cuba.  This  suggests  that  in  Cuba  the 
duties  of  wife  and  mother  may  be  combined  not  infrequently  with 
some  gainful  occupation,  while  in  the  United  States  the  two  classes  of 
duties  are  more  often  successive  and  less  often  simultaneous.  From 
the  figures  in  Table  XXX  one  may  compute  that  among  the  female 
breadwinners  of  Cuba,  nearly  three-fourths  of  whom  were  colored, 
(p.  163)  over  one-fifth  (21.2)  were  living  in  lawful  or  consensual  mar¬ 
riage.  Among  the  female  breadwinners  of  the  United  States  in  1890 

o  o 


OCCUPATIONS. 


163 


about  one-eighth  (13.2  per  cent)  were  married,  but  among  the  colored 
female  breadwinners  of  that  country  over  one-fourth  (27.7  percent) 
were  married. 

Breadwinners  classified  by  race . — In  the  following  table  the  absolute 
and  relative  number  of  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  is  given 
with  distinction  of  race: 


Per  cent  of  breadwinners  by  race. 


Race. 

Population. 

In  gainful  occupa¬ 
tions. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

White . 

1,052,397 
520, 400 

403, 059 
219, 271 

38.3 

42.1 

Colored . 

Total . 

1, 572, 797 

622, 330 

39.6 

This  shows  that  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  was  somewhat  higher 
among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  In  the  following  table  the 
corresponding  per  cents  for  the  United  States  (1890)  and  Porto  Pico 
are  introduced: 

Per  cent  of  breadwinners. 


Country. 

Among 

whites. 

Among 

colored. 

Differ¬ 

ence. 

Cuba . 

38.3 

42. 1 

3.8 

Porto  Rico . . 

32.2 

34.8 

2.6 

United  States,  1890  . 

35.5 

41.8 

6.3 

The  difference  between  the  two  races  appears  in  all  three  countries, 
but  in  Cuba  is  greater  than  in  Porto  Pico  and  less  than  in  the  United 
States.  To  understand  these  differences  better  the  classification  by 
sex  ma}r  be  added  to  that  by  race. 

Breadwinners  classified  by  race  and  sex. — The  following  table  gives 
the  absolute  and  relative  numbers  for  all  Cuba: 


Breadwinners  classified  by  race  and  sex. 


Number. 

Race  and  sex. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

In  gainful 

Per 

occupa¬ 

tions. 

cent. 

White  males . 

563, 113 

385, 470 

68.4 

Colored  males . 

252, 092 

170, 504 

67.6 

White  females . 

489, 284 

17, 589 

3.6 

Colored  females . 

268, 308 

48,  767 

18.2 

Total . 

1,572, 797 

622, 330 

39.6 

The  difference  between  white  and  colored  among  males  is  too  small 
to  be  weighty  or  significant.  The  difference  between  the  two  races  is 


104 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


due  entirely  to  the  fact  that  gainful  occupations  are  followed  by  col-  ’ 
ored  women  to  about  five  times  the  extent  that  they  are  by  white 
women.  To  determine  whether  this  is  true  also  of  other  countries 
the  percentage  figures  are  given  side  by  side  in  the  following  table: 


Per  cent  of  breadwinners. 


Country. 

Among  males. 

Among  females. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Cuba . 

68.4 

67.6 

3.6 

18.2 

Porto  Rico . 

57.0 

56.7 

7.5 

13.8 

United  States  (1890) . 

58.9 

57.4 

11.0 

25.8 

In  all  three  countries  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  among  white 
males  was  slightly  higher  than  the  proportion  among  colored  males; 
but  in  all  three  this  difference  is  outweighed  by  the  fact  that  colored 
women  are  at  work  much  more  generally  than  white  women.  The 
difference  between  the  women  of  the  two  races  in  this  regard,  how¬ 
ever,  was  far  more  marked  in  Cuba  than  in  either  Porto  Rico  or  the 
United  States.  Cuba  had  a  proportion  of  males  of  each  race  at  work 
much  larger  than  in  either  other  country.  The  proportion  of  white 
women  at  work  was  about  one-half  that  in  Porto  Rico  and  one-third 
that  in  the  United  States.  But  the  proportion  of  colored  women 
at  work,  while  below  that  in  the  United  States,  was  higher  than  that 
in  Porto  Rico. 

Breadwinners  classified  as  native  and  foreign  born. — This  distinction 
is  made  in  the  occupation  tables  only  for  the  whites.  The  colored  for¬ 
eign  born,  of  whom  Table  X  shows  that  there  are  about  30,000  (30,382) 
in  Cuba — mainly  Chinese  and  Africans — must  be  disregarded.  The 
facts  for  the  whites  are  given  in  the  following  table,  by  race  and  sex: 


Race  and  sex. 

Population. 

In  gainful  occu¬ 
pations. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Native  white  males . 

447, 373 
115, 740 
462, 926 
26,358 

274, 365 
111, 105 
14,884 

61.3 

Foreign-born  white  males . 

96.0 

Native  white  females . 

3.2 

Foreign-horn  white  females . 

2,705 

10.3 

Total  whites . . 

1,052,397 

403, 059 

38.3 

Hardly  a  moment's  reflection  is  needed  to  detect  the  cause  of  the 
wide  difference  indicated  in  the  preceding  table  between  the  native  and 
the  foreign-born  of  each  sex  and  to  reveal  the  insignificant  character 
of  such  a  table  taken  alone.  The  immigrant  whites  of  both  sexes  are 
mainly  adults,  and  the  large  proportion  of  workers  among  them  is  not 
because  they  are  of  foreign  birth  but  is  because  they  are  adult.  Hence 
if  there  is  any  real  difference  between  these  two  classes  of  whites,  to 


OCCUPATIONS. 


165 


discover  it  groups  of  the  same  age  must  be  compared.  This  is  done 
in  the  following  table: 


Per  cent  of  breadwinners  classified  by  race,  nativity,  sex,  and  age. 


Age  period. 

Males. 

Females. 

Native 

white. 

Foreign 

white. 

Colored. 

Native 

white. 

Foreign 

white. 

Colored 

0-  9 . 

0.7 

1.8 

1.2 

0.1 

0.0 

0.5 

10-14  . 

43.8 

57.9 

43.6 

2.2 

4.3 

9.1 

15-19  . 

90.0 

97.3 

93.5 

5.1 

9.6 

20.6 

20-24  . 

97.2 

99.3 

98.8 

5.1 

11.1 

23.2 

25-29  . 

98.0 

99.1 

98.9 

4.6 

13.2 

24.9 

30-34  . 

98.0 

99.2 

99.1 

4.9 

13.2 

27.2 

35-44  . 

97.6 

98.5 

99.2 

5.1 

12.5 

29.2 

45-54  . 

96.4 

96.7 

99.0 

4.3 

10.2 

30.8 

55-64  . 

94.2 

93.3 

98.7 

3.9 

9.1 

29.6 

65+ . 

87.7 

83.1 

93.3 

2.3 

5.5 

22.9 

Unknown . 

62.5 

87.5 

58.8 

9.0 

0.0 

0.0 

This  table  shows  that  among  females  the  foreign-born  whites  uni¬ 
formly  were  at  work  in  larger  proportions  than  the  native  white  but  in 
much  smaller  proportions  than  the  colored.  This  may  be  connected 
with  the  concentration  of  the  foreign-born  of  both  sexes  in  the  cities 
and  the  larger  opportunities  which  cities  afford  for  women  to  find  work. 
Among  males  the  proportion  of  foreign-born  whites  below  35  who 
were  at  work  is  greater  than  the  proportion  in  either  other  class,  but 
at  later  ages  the  proportion  of  colored  breadwinners  was  higher,  and 
after  55  the  proportion  of  native  whites  was  also  higher.  It  is  note¬ 
worthy,  too,  that  the  maximum  proportion  in  gainful  occupations  for 
each  sex  was  reached  later  for  the  colored  than  for  either  class  of  whites. 

Breadwinners  classified  by  kind  of  occupation. — The  occupations  in 
which  persons  are  engaged  are  grouped  by  the  census  into  five  main 
classes.  Arranged  in  the  order  of  their  prevalence,  the  groups  are: 

1.  Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining. 

2.  Domestic  and  personal  service. 

3.  Manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries. 

4.  Trade  and  transportation. 

5.  Professional  service. 

The  first  class  includes  all  persons  engaged  in  the  so-called  extractive 
industries  or  those  concerned  with  getting  the  wealth  out  of  the 
earth  or  water,  the  third  class  includes  those  who  transform  the  raw 
material  furnished  by  the  extractive  industries  into  new  forms  or 
combinations,  the  fourth  class  includes  all  engaged  in  giving  place  or 
time  values  to  wealth  by  moving  it  from  a  place  where  it  is  less  needed 
to  a  place  where  it  is  more  needed,  or  by  saving  it  from  a  time  when 
it  is  less  needed  till  a  time  when  it  is  more  needed,  while  the  second 
and  fifth  classes  include  all  whose  contribution  to  society  is  in  the 
form  of  personal  services  rather  than  of  goods  or  of  services  upon 
goods.  The  line  of  division  between  these  groups  or  classes  is  often 
obscure,  and  in  many  individual  cases  serious  difficulties  arise  regard- 


166 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


ing  the  best  group  to  which  a  person  or  an  occupation  should  be 
assigned  under  the  imperfect  description  found  on  the  schedule. 

The  population  of  Cuba  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  was  divided 
as  follows  among  the  live  groups: 


Occupation  group. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 
total  in 
gainful  oc¬ 
cupations. 

Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining . 

299, 197 
141, 936 
93,034 
79, 427 

8, 736 

48. 1 

Domestic  and  personal  service . 

22.8 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits . 

14.9 

Trade  and  transportation . 

12.8 

Professional  service . 

1.4 

Total . 

622, 330 

100.0 

Nearly  one-half  of  all  workers  were  engaged  in  agriculture  and  over 
one-fifth  in  domestic  and  personal  service.  About  one  in  seven  was  in 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries,  and  one  in  eight  in  trade 
and  transportation.  In  the  following  table  the  per  cents  for  Cuba  and 
the  United  States  are  put  side  by  side. 


Per  cent  of  breadwinners  in  each  group  of  occupations. 


Occupation  group. 

Cuba. 

United 

States 

(1890). 

Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining . 

48.1 

39.7 

Domestic  and  personal  service . 

22.8 

19.2 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits . 

14.9 

22.4 

Trade  and  transportation . 

12.8 

14.6 

Professional  service . 

1.4 

4.1 

Total . 

100.0 

100.0 

The  main  difference  in  occupations  between  the  two  countries  is 
that  Cuba  is  more  confined  to  agriculture  and  gives  less  attention  to 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits  than  do  the  United  States. 
The  small  proportion  of  the  professional  class  in  Cuba  is  also  note¬ 
worthy. 

Breadwinners  by  class  of  occupation  and  sex. — The  sex  of  the  work¬ 
ers  has  great  influence  upon  the  character  of  the  work  chosen  or 
assigned.  This  appears  in  the  following  table: 

Breadwinners  by  occupation ,  group ,  and  sex. 


- r 

Sex  named  in  gainful  occupations  in  class  named. 


Occupation  group. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent  in  United 
States  (1890). 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Fefhales. 

Males. 

Females. 

Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining  . 

292,331 

6,866 

52. 6 

10.3 

44.3 

17.4 

Domestic  and  personal  service  .... 
Manufacturing  and  mechanical 

95, 769 

46, 167 

17.2 

69.6 

14.3 

42.6 

pursuits . 

82, 012 

11,022 

14.7 

16.6 

21.6 

26.2 

Trade  and  transportation . 

78, 766 

661 

14.2 

1.0 

16.4 

5.8 

Professional  service . 

7, 096 

1,640 

1.3 

2. 5 

3.4 

8.0 

Total . 

555, 974 

66, 356 

100.0 

*100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

OCCUPATIONS  AND  PERSONS  TO  A  BUILDING. 


167 


One-half  of  the  males  at  work  in  Cuba  were  engaged  in  agriculture, 
etc.,  but  only  one-tenth  of  the  females.  In  the  United  States  the 
proportion  of  males  in  agriculture  was  less,  but  of  females  was 
greater.  In  both  countries  the  females  were  mainly  in  the  class  of 
domestic  and  personal  service,  but  in  Cuba  this  class  includes  about 
seven-tenths  of  all  women  at  work,  while  in  the  United  States  it 
includes  only  a  little  over  four-tenths.  In  both  countries  women  who 
go  to  work  at  all  go  into  manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  in 
rather  larger  proportions  than  men  do. 


SANITARY  CONDITION  OF  DWELLINGS  AND  UNOCCUPIED  HOUSES. 

In  the  present  census  all  buildings,  whether  occupied  October  16, 
1899,  or  not,  were  reported  by  the  enumerators,  and  the  facts  regard¬ 
ing  the  provisions  in  them  for  supplying  water  and  for  disposing  of 
garbage  and  excreta  were  ascertained.  Before  proceeding  to  a  dis¬ 
cussion  of  these  topics  a  brief  analysis  of  this  return  of  buildings  may 
be  made. 

The  total  number  of  buildings  in  Cuba,  whether  occupied  or  not, 
was  297,905,  or  5.3  persons  to  a  building.  The  average  number  of 
persons  to  a  building,  occupied  or  unoccupied,  may  be  computed  from 
those  tables.  The  provinces  range  as  follows: 


Province. 

Persons 
to  a 

building. 

Province. 

Persons 
to  a 

building. 

Santa  Clara . 

4.7 

Puerto  Principe . 

5.2 

Santiago . 

4.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

5.4 

Matanzas . 

4.8 

Habana  city . 

8.8 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) . 

5.0 

In  Habana  city  there  was  one  building  of  some  sort  to  each  9  persons; 
elsewhere  in  Cuba  one  to  each  5.  In  Porto  Rico  there  were  5.3  persons 
to  a  building,  or  about  the  same  as  in  Cuba  outside  Habana.  The  pre¬ 
ceding  table  suggests  that  in  the  cities  of  Cuba  the  ratio  of  buildings 
to  population  was  probably  less  than  in  the  rural  districts.  The  facts 
upon  this  point  are  brought  out  more  clearly  in  the  following  table: 


District. 

Popula¬ 

tion. 

Buildings. 

Persons 
to  a 

building 

14  cities . 

491, 504 

79, 077 

6.2 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

1, 08i;  293 

218, 828 

4.9 

The  average  number  of  persons  to  a  building  was  much  less  in  all  cities 
together  than  it  is  in  Habana.  Hence  the  other  cities  must  have  had  a 
relatively  small  number  of  persons  to  a  building.  All  Id  cities  except 
Pinar  del  Rio  and  Habana  had  a  smaller  number  of  persons  to  a  building 
than  the  average  for  all  cities,  and  8  of  the  id  had  as  small  a  number  as 


168 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

the  average  in  the  rural  districts  of  the  island.  The  smallest  number 
of  persons  to  a  building  was  found  in  the  cities  of  Santa  Clara  province, 
except  Cienfuegos. 

Of  the  297,905  buildings  in  Cuba,  262,724,  or  about  seven-eighths 
(88.2  per  cent),  were  occupied,  and  35,181,  or  one-eighth  (11.8  per  cent), 
were  unoccupied.  The  number  and  ratio  of  unoccupied  buildings  to 
the  total  was  as  follows: 


Province. 

Total 

buildings. 

Unoccu¬ 

pied 

buildings. 

Per  cent 
unoccu¬ 
pied. 

Habana  .  . 

64, 229 

5, 474 

8.5 

Puerto  Principe . 

16, 997 

1,672 

9.8 

Santa  Clara . 

74, 995 

9,599 

12.8 

Santiago . 

67. 891 

8,673 

12.8 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

32,042 

4, 155 

13 

Matanzas . 

41,751 

5,608 

13.4 

The  positions  of  Habana  and  Pinar  del  Rio  suggest  that  unoccupied 
buildings  may  be  more  common  in  the  country.  The  following  table 
gives  the  number  and  proportion  of  unoccupied  buildings  in  the  14 
cities  separately  reported: 


Unoccu- 

Per  cent 

District. 

Buildings. 

pied 

buildings. 

unoccu¬ 

pied. 

14  cities . 

78, 915 

8,338 

10.5 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

218,990 

26,843 

12.3 

To  ascertain  whether  the  number  of  unoccupied  buildings  was  unusu¬ 
ally  large  because  of  recent  disturbances,  the  figures  for  Porto  Rico 
may  be  used  for  comparison.  On  that  island  11 . 3  per  cent  of  the  build¬ 
ings  were  reported  as  unoccupied.  It  seems,  therefore,  that  the  pro¬ 
portion  in' Cuba  was  not  exceptional. 

Passing  to  the  occupied  buildings  or  dwellings,  one  may  examine  the 
average  number  of  persons  to  each.  In  this  respect  the  provinces 
rank  as  follows: 


Province. 

Persons 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Province. 

Persons 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Santa  Clara. . . . . 

5.5 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

6.2 

Santiago . 

5.5 

Habana  city . 

9.4 

Habana  (exclusive  of  city) . 

MatanzaR  . 

5. 6 
5.6 

Cuba . 

6.0 

Puerto  Principe . 

5.8 

In  the  United  States  in  1890  there  were  5.5  persons  to  a  dwelling. 
The  table  does  not  show  that  the  average  dwelling  was  more  crowded  in 
Habana  city  than  in  Santa  Clara,  for  in  the  one  case  the  dwelling  may 
be  more  roomy.  The  dwelling  is  an  unsatisfactory  unit  of  measure, 
just  because  it  can  not  be  defined.  Hence  thorough  and  accurate 


PERSONS  TO  A  DWELLING. 


169 


knowledge  of  local  conditions  is  requisite  to  interpret  such  a  table  as 
the  foregoing.  Yet,  if  the  dwellings  of  Cuba  be  divided  into  two 
classes,  city  dwellings  and  country  dwellings,  some  progress  may  be 
made.  This  is  done  in  the  following  table: 


District. 

Popula¬ 

tion. 

Dwellings. 

Persons 
to  a 

dwelling. 

14  cities . 

491,504 

1,081,293 

70, 739 
191, 985 

6.9 

Rest  of  Cuba . 

5.6 

There  were  rather  more  persons  to  a  dwelling  in  the  cities  of  Cuba, 
but  the  difference  is  in  no  wise  what  the  figures  for  Habana  city  in  the 
earlier  table  would  lead  one  to  expect.  In  many  of  the  other  cities  of 
Cuba,  therefore,  the  number  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  must  be  low. 
Indeed,  when  the  figures  as  a  whole  for  the  13  cities  outside  Habana 
are  compared  with  the  rural  districts,  it  appears  that  in  those  cities 
there  were  on  the  average  5.6  persons  to  a  dwelling,  or  just  the  same 
number  as  in  the  country.  In  the  following  table  the  figures  are  given 
for  the  urban  and  rural  population  of  each  province: 


Province. 

Persons  to  a  dwell¬ 
ing. 

In  urban 
districts. 

In  rural 
districts. 

Habana . 

8.9 

5.6 

Matanzas . 

5.9 

5.5 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

7.6 

6.2 

Puerto  Principe . . 

5.2 

6.0 

Santa  Clara.  .  * . 

5.4 

5.5 

Santiago . 

5.5 

5.6 

Cuba . 

6.9 

5.6 

In  the  three  western  provinces  there  were  more  persons  to  a  dwelling 
in  the  cities,  although  outside  of  Habana  province  the  difference  was 
slight;  but  in  the  three  eastern  provinces  the  position  is  reversed. 
It  may  be  inferred  that  the  dwelling  in  Cuban  cities  outside  Habana 
is  not  much  more  roomy  than  it  is  in  the  rural  districts,  for  space  in  a 
city  is  usually  more  valuable  than  in  the  country,  and  if  the  average 
city  dwelling  were  larger  it  would  probably  contain  more  inhabitants. 
In  this  respect  there  is  a  marked  difference  between  the  Cuban  figures 
and  those  for  the  large  cities  of  the  United  States.  The  fifty-eight 
American  cities  each  having  over  50,000  inhabitants  had  7.3  persons 
to  a  dwelling  in  1890,  and  the  rest  of  the  country  only  5.2.  Still  only 
three  American  cities  had  more  persons  to  a  dwelling  than  Habana. 

Dwellings  and  families. — By  comparing  the  number  of  dwellings 
with  the  number  of  families  in  Table  XL,  one  may  ascertain  the  ratio 
between  the  census  families  and  the  dwellings.  Every  dwelling  con¬ 
tains  at  least  one  family,  for,  as  already  explained,  one  person  living 


170 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


alone  is  for  census  purposes  a  family,  and  an  unoccupied  place  of 
habitation  is  not  a  dwelling.  As  certain  dwellings  contain  two  or 
more  families,  the  number  of  census  families  must  exceed  the  number 
of  dwellings.  The  figures  for  Cuba,  compared  with  those  for  the 
United  States  and  Porto  Rico,  are  given  below: 


Country. 

Number  of 
families. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Families 
to  100 
dwell¬ 
ings. 

Cuba . 

327, 965 
181,594 
12, 690, 152 

262, 724 
158, 305 
11,483,318 

125 

Porto  Rico . 

115 

United  States . 

111 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  there  were  more  families  to  100 
dwellings  in  Cuba  than  in  either  Porto  Rico  or  the  United  States.  In 
the  following  table  the  figures  are  given  separately  for  each  province 
and  for  the  city  of  Habana: 


Province. 

Families 
to  100 
dwell¬ 
ings. 

Province. 

Families 
to  100 
dwell¬ 
ings. 

Santa  Clara . 

110 

Puerto  Principe . 

122 

Santiago . 

110 

Matanzas . 

124 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

112 

Habana  (city)  . ..; . 

227 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

118 

The  families  to  100  dwellings  in  Cuba,  outside  the  city  of  Habana, 
were  114,  or  slightly  less  than  in  Porto  Rico,  but  rather  more  than  in 
the  United  States.  Habana  city  had  more  than  2  families  to  each 
dwelling,  a  relation  which  held  in  the  United  States  only  for  New 
York,  Brooklyn,  and  Fall  River  among  the  fifty  largest  cities  of  the 
country.  , 

SOURCE  OF  WATER  SUPPLY  IN  CUBA. 


The  original  source  of  water  supply  in  Cuba,  as  elsewhere,  is  rain¬ 
fall.  This  rain  may  fall  on  a  building  and  be  guided  into  and  stored 
in  a  cistern,  or  may  fall  on  and  percolate  through  the  ground  either 
under  or  upon  the  surface.  Flowing  water  may  be  obtained  for 
human  use  as  it  comes  to  the  surface  either  in  a  natural  spring  or  an 
artificial  well.  Or  it  may  be  obtained  as  it  flows  over  the  surface 
either  in  a  natural  water  course  or  in  an  artificial  water  course  or 
aqueduct.  Accordingly  the  census  recognizes  four  sources  of  water 
supply,  as  follows: 

1.  Cistern  for  rain  water. 

2.  Spring  or  well  for  ground  water. 

3.  Water  from  a  natural  stream. 

4.  Water  from  an  artificial  aqueduct. 


SOURCE  OF  WATER  SUPPLY. 


171 


As  many  homes  in  Cuban  cities  take  water  from  street  vendors,  the 
answers  given  to  the  enumerators  at  the  houses  regarding  the  source 
from  which  the  vendors  obtain  it  maybe  open  to  some  slight  question, 
but  there  seems  little  reason  to  deny  the  substantial  correctness  of  the 
returns. 

These  four  sources  are  drawn  upon  for  a  water  supply  in  the  fol¬ 
lowing  proportions: 


Source  of  water  supply. 

Number 
of  dwellngs 
supplied 
from  source 
named. 

Per  cent 
of  total 
dwell¬ 
ings. 

Cisterns  for  rain  water . 

120, 621 
74, 363 
41,748 
17, 766 
8,226 

46 

Stream . 

28 

Aqueduct . 

16 

Spring  or  well . 

7 

Not  specified . 

3 

Total . 

262, 724 

100 

Nearly  half  the  dwellings  in  Cuba  got  water  from  cisterns  and  more 
than  one-fourth  from  streams,  or  three-fourths  from  these  two  sources. 
The  proportion  using  each  of  these  four  sources  in  each  province  is 
shown  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 

Per  cent  of  dwellings  obtaining  water  from 
source  named. 

Total. 

Cistern. 

Stream. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Well. 

Not 

specified. 

• 

Habana  (city! . 

4 

1 

82 

1 

12 

100 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

79 

9 

5 

3 

4 

100 

Matanzas . 

78 

4 

14 

1 

3 

100 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

34 

61 

1 

2 

2 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

56 

20 

0 

21 

3 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

55 

20 

9 

14 

2 

100 

Santiago . 

18 

61 

14 

6 

1 

100 

Cuba . 

46 

28 

16 

7 

3 

100 

Cisterns  were  used  least  in  the  capital,  but  with  that  exception  were 
least  common  in  the  two  provinces  at  the  ends  of  the  island,  where 
one-sixth  (Santiago)  or  one-third  (Pinar  del  Rio)  of  the  houses  derived 
water  from  this  source.  The  other  four  provinces  fall  into  two  groups, 
an  eastern,  Puerto  Principe  and  Santa  Clara,  in  which  one-half  of  the 
houses  used  cisterns,  and  a  western,  Habana  outside  the  city  and 
Matanzas,  in  which  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  houses  relied  on  cisterns. 
Where  cisterns  were  most  used  streams  were  least  used  for  water.  In 
the  provinces  at  the  ends  of  Cuba  about  three-fifths  of  the  houses  relied 
on  streams;  in  the  east  central  group  one-fifth,  and  in  the  west  central 
group  less  than  one-tenth.  About  five-sixths  of  the  houses  in  Habana 
city  derived  water  from  an  aqueduct.  In  Matanzas  and  Santiago  the 
proportion  was  about  one-seventh,  elsewhere  less  than  one- tenth. 

In  the  following  tables  the  per  cent  of  dwellings  using  these  several 


172 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


sources  of  water  supply  is  given  for  each  of  the  fourteen  cities  sepa¬ 
rately  reported  and  then  for  the  districts  outside  those  cities  by 
provinces. 


City. 

Per  cent  of  urban  dwellings  obtaining  water 
from  sources  named. 

Total. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Cistern. 

Stream. 

Well. 

Not  spec¬ 
ified. 

Cardenas . 

25 

68 

0 

3 

4 

100 

Cienfuegos . 

42 

7 

0 

47 

4 

100 

Guanabacoa  . 

1 

86 

0 

3 

10 

100 

Habana . 

83 

4 

0 

1 

12 

100 

Manzanillo . - . 

0 

31 

30 

38 

1 

100 

Matanzas  . 

55 

39 

0 

1 

5 

100 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

0 

90 

6 

1 

3 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

0 

54 

0 

41 

5 

100 

Regia . 

1 

46 

0 

45 

8 

100 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

53 

1 

8 

36 

2 

100 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

73 

8 

17 

0 

2 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

0 

89 

0 

10 

1 

100 

Santiago . 

94 

0 

3 

1 

2 

100 

Trinidad . 

0 

0 

11 

87 

2 

100 

Urban  Cuba . 

53 

23 

3 

14 

7 

100 

The  most  incomplete  returns  under  this  head  were  from  the  cities  in 
Habana  province.  The  seven  cities  which  apparently  had  a  municipal 
water  supply  stand  out  sharply  in  the  first  column,  and  in  the  order 
of  the  proportion  of  houses  supplied  with  water  through  an  aqueduct 
they  rank  as  follows:  Santiago,  Habana,  Sancti  Spiritus,  Matanzas, 
Sagua  la  Grande,  Cienfuegos,  and  Cardenas. 

The  following  notes  regarding  the  water  supply  of  these  cities  have 
been  derived  from  various  sources: 


CARDENAS. 

Since  1872,  Cardenas  has  had  an  aqueduct  which  supplies  water  from  a  subterra¬ 
nean  river  one  mile  distant  from  the  town,  which  furnishes  an  abundant  supply  at 
a  cost  of  about  $3  gold  per  month  for  each  faucet.  The  well  water  and  that  from 
underground  cisterns  is  brackish  and  not  potable,  so  that,  as  a  rule,  the  poor  purchase 
water  from  the  street  carriers.  (Military  Notes  on  Cuba.) 


CIENFUEGOS. 

The  commencement  of  a  waterworks  system  has  been  made,  and  the  water  tower, 
standing  at  an  elevation  of  over  100  feet  above  the  harbor  level,  is  one  of  the  striking 
features  of  the  landscape;  but  at  last  accounts  the  company  had  not  begun  to  furnish 
water,  and  the  sole  source  of  supply  was  from  underground  cisterns,  the  owners  of 
which  derive  a  handsome  revenue  from  selling  water  to  their  less  fortunate  neigh¬ 
bors.  (Clark.) 

The  supply  of  water  is  absolutely  inadequate  to  the  demands  of  the  city.  The 
hotels  and  a  few  residences  have  cement  cisterns  built  in  the  ground  and  use  rain 
water;  but  the  chief  supply  comes  from  a  small  stream,  the  Jicotea  River,  a  small 
branch  of  the  Caiman.  The  water  is  pumped  into  two  aqueducts.  The  principal 
one,  which  is  called  after  the  Jicotea  River,  holds  400,000  liters;  a  smaller  one,  the 
Bouffartique,  holds  300, 000  liters.  Pipes  from  these  two  aqueducts  run  through  a 
few  of  the  streets  above  ground  alongside  the  curbing.  The  gates  are  open  only  two 
hours  daily.  The  hospitals  use  this  water  after  boiling.  As  a  remedy  for  this  con¬ 
dition,  I  am  told  there  was  a  project  to  bring  water  from  a  point  20  miles  distant  from 


SOURCE  OF  WATER  SUPPLY. 


173 


the  falls  of  the  Havabanilla  River,  1,200  feet  above  the  sea.  Absolute  freedom  from 
pollution  was  claimed.  It  was  abandoned  on  account  of  the  war.  The  estimated 
cost  of  this  work  was  $1,000,000.  The  Jicotea  aqueduct  is  simply  a  large  open  cistern 
built  of  rocks  and  cement.  There  are  about  200  wells  in  the  city,  but  infected. 
(United  States  Sanitary  Inspector  D.  E.  Dudley,  quoted  by  R.  P.  Porter.) 

HABANA. 

The  present  water  supply  of  Habana  is  excellent,  being  derived  from  the  pure  and 
extensive  springs  of  Yento,  about  9  miles  distant  from  the  city.  The  present  aque¬ 
duct,  completed  in  1893  or  1894,  was  begun  in  1861,  and  is  known  as  El  Canal  de 
Albear.  At  the  source  of  supply  there  is  a  large  stone  basin  into  which  the  springs 
or,  more  properly,  subterranean  streams  bubble.  At  one  side  is  a  magnificent  gate¬ 
house.  From  this  runs  the  aqueduct,  which  is  an  egg-shaped  brick  tunnel,  generally 
under  ground,  but  marked  at  frequent  intervals  along  its  route  by  turrets  of  brick 
and  stone.  The  present  water  supply  enters  the  city  through  the  suburb  of  Cerro, 
which  formerly  had  few,  if  any,  connections  with  it,  the  population  of  this  suburb 
purchasing  their  water  from  the  street  carriers.  There  is  an  old  aqueduct  also  run¬ 
ning  into  the  city,  built  as  early  as  1597,  known  as  the  Zanja.  The  source  of  this 
water  supply  was,  or  is,  the  Almendares  River,  only  about  2  miles  away,  the  water 
of  which  was  unquestionably  impure.  There  are  but  few  wells  and  cisterns  in  the 
city,  and  to-day  nearly  all  of  the  water  used  is  pure.  It  should  perhaps  be  said  that 
the  waterworks  enterprise  is  a  municipal  affair.  (Clark.) 

The  present  water  supply  of  Habana  is  excellent,  although  it  is  used  by  only  a  por¬ 
tion  of  the  population.  It  comes  from  the  enormous  springs  on  the  banks  of  the 
Almendares  River,  about  8  miles  due  south  of  the  city.  These  springs  are  inclosed 
in  a  masonry  structure  about  150  feet  in  diameter  at  its  base  and  250  feet  at  the  top 
and  60  feet  deep.  Masonry  drains  are  laid  around  the  upper  surface  to  prevent  any 
surface  water  from  washing  into  the  spring.  At  the  base  of  this  spring  the  water  is 
constantly  bubbling  up  and  appears  to  be  of  remarkable  purity.  The  supply  is  so 
large  that  it  more  than  fills  all  the  present  requirements,  and  a  large  portion  of  it 
runs  to  waste.  From  the  spring  the  water  is  conveyed  under  the  Almendares  River  by 
pipes  situated  in  a  tunnel,  and  from  the  north  side  of  the  river  the  water  is  conveyed 
in  a  masonry  tunnel  or  aqueduct  for  a  distance  of  about  6  miles,  where  it  discharges 
into  a  receiving  reservoir,  the  altitude  of  which  is  35  meters,  or  about  108  feet,  above 
the  sea  level.  From  the  distributing  reservoir  the  water  is  carried  into  the  city  by 
gravity  in  pipes,  the  highest  point  in  the  thickly  populated  portion  of  the  city  being 
68  feet.  The  pipes  in  the  streets  are  said  to  be  small,  and  there  is  not  sufficient  pres¬ 
sure  to  carry  the  water  to  the  upper  stories  of  the  small  number  of  buildings  which 
exceed  one  story  in  height.  In  these  buildings  pumping  is  necessary.  There  are 
said  to  be  about  18,000  houses  in  the  city,  and  from  a  report  made  by  the  municipal¬ 
ity  in  1897  it  appears  that  the  number  of  houses  directly  connected  with  the  water 
pipes  is  9,233.  The  poorer  houses,  which  are  not  thus  connected,  obtain  water  either 
by  purchase  from  the  street  vendors  or  by  getting  it  from  public  taps,  of  which  there 
are  a  certain  number  scattered  throughout  the  city.  (General  Greene,  quoted  by 
R.  P.  Porter.) 

MATANZAS. 

Since  1872  it  has  had  a  fine  water  supply,  though  only  about  half  the  houses  are 
connected  with  the  water  system,  and  many  of  the  people  still  buy  water  of  street  ven¬ 
dors  without  knowledge  as  to  the  source  of  supply  or  purity  of  the  water.  (Porter.) 


SANTIAGO. 

The  city  has  a  good  water  supply  furnished  through  an  aqueduct  named  FI  Paso 
de  la  Yirgen.  (Clark.) 


174 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


There  is  no  city  in  which  one-third  of  the  houses  obtain  water 
directly  from  a  natural  stream,  and  in  more  than  half  of  the  cities  this 
source  of  supply  is  not  recognized.  The  only  cities  in  which  it  is 
important  are  Manzanillo,  Sancti  Spiritus,  and  Trinidad. 

MANZANILLO. 

Manzanillo  lies  on  the  coast  of  Santiago,  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  Yara.  “The  water  supply  formerly  came 
from  the  river  Yara,  but  proved  to  be  so  unhealthy  that  now  the 
inhabitants  rely  entirely  upon  cisterns.”  (Clark.)  In  the  light  of  the 
preceding  figures  this  is  evidently  a  statement  of  what  should  be 
rather  than  what  is. 

SANCTI  SPIRITUS. 

“Sancti  Spiritus  is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Yayabo,  which 
flows  5^  miles  to  empty  into  the  Zaza  at  a  point  about  20  miles  from 
the  sea."  (Military  Notes  on  Cuba.) 


TRINIDAD. 

“The  course  of  the  river  Guaurabo  lies  within  half  a  mile  of  Trini¬ 
dad.”  (Clark.) 

Regarding  the  water  supply  of  the  other  five  cities,  Guanabacoa, 
Final*  del  Rio,  Puerto  Principe,  Regia,  and  Santa  Clara,  the  following 
notes  are  submitted: 

GUANABACOA. 


“Guanabacoa  is  noted  for  its  numerous  springs  and  wells  and  for 
the  excellence  and  abundance  of  its  drinking  water.”  (Military  Notes 
on  Cuba.) 

PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


U 


The  river  on  the  outskirts  has  good  water."  (Military  Notes.) 
“The  river  which  skirts  the  town  could  be  utilized  as  a  source  for  a 
pure  water  supply.”  (Clark.) 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

“A  small  river  runs  through  the  town."  (Military  Notes.) 

The  following  table  shows  by  provinces  the  per  cent  of  all  dwellings 
in  the  districts  outside  the  fourteen  cities  supplied  with  water  in  the 
manner  specified: 


Province. 

Per  cent  of  dwellings  in  rural  districts  obtaining 
water  from  sources  specified. 

Total. 

Cistern. 

Stream. 

Well. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Not 

specified. 

Habana . 

80 

10 

l 

6 

3 

100 

Matanzas . 

88 

6 

1 

3 

2 

100 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

31 

64 

2 

1 

2 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

56 

29 

12 

0 

3 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

65 

*25 

1 

2 

100 

Santiago . 

20 

72 

4 

3 

1 

100 

Rural  Cuba . 

54 

38 

4 

2 

2 

100 

A  small  number  of  dwellings  in  rural  Cuba  are  reported  to  derive 
water  from  an  aqueduct.  The  municipal  districts  containing  as  many 


WATER  SUPPLY  AND  GARBAGE  DISPOSAL. 


175 


as  100  such  dwellings  are  as  follows:  In  Habana  province,  Marianao 
(196),  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  (369),  Batabano  (505),  Guines  (500); 
in  Matanzas  province,  Jovellanos  (408)  and  Bolondron  (188);  in  Pinar 
del  Rio  province,  Mariel  (192);  in  Santa  Clara,  Abreus  (139),  Rodas 
(188),  and  Sagua  la  Grande  outside  the  urban  part  (127);  in  Santiago, 
El  Caney  (427)  and  Baracoa  (687). 

The  general  reliance  upon  water  from  streams  in  the  two  provinces 
at  the  ends  of  Cuba — Pinar  del  Rio  and  Santiago — and  upon  cisterns  in 
the  four  central  provinces  is  clearly  shown  in  the  preceding  tables. 
There  seems  some  reason  for  doubt  whether  the  line  of  division 
between  cisterns  for  rain  water  (aljibe)  and  well  or  spring  for  ground 
water  ( jpozo )  was  clearly  understood  by  the  enumerators  and  those 
who  answered  their  questions. 

DISPOSITION  OF  GARBAGE. 

The  enumerators  were  instructed  to  write  in  the  column  for  answers 
to  this  question  “ Municipal ”  (municipal),  “ Particular ”  (private),  or 
“  Se  quema ”  (by  burning),  according  to  the  method  of  disposition  used 
at  the  dwelling  where  the  question  was  put.  In  addition  to  these  three 
classes  it  was  necessary  to  introduce  a  fourth  for  unspecified  or  insuffi¬ 
ciently  specified,  but  only  2  per  cent  of  the  houses  fell  into  this  last 
class.  The  facts  for  Cuba  as  a  whole  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Method  of  disposing  of  garbage. 

Number  of 
dwellings 
so  re¬ 
porting. 

Per  cent 
of  all 
dwell¬ 
ings. 

Municipal . 

88,229 
84,355 
83, 287 
6,853 

34 

Burning . 

32 

Private . 

32 

Not  specified . 

2 

Total . 

262, 724 

100 

In  this  respect,  as  in  that  of  water  supply,  the  main  difference  is 
between  the  city  and  the  country  districts.  In  the  following  table, 
therefore,  the  methods  of  disposing  of  garbage  in  the  several  cities  are 
given : 

Per  cent  of  urban  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  garbage  disposal. 


City. 

Munici¬ 

pal. 

Burning. 

Private. 

Not 

specified. 

Total. 

Cardenas . 

79 

9 

9 

3 

100 

Cienfuegos  . 

92 

2 

5 

1 

100 

Guanabacoa . 

81 

7 

5 

7 

100 

Habana . 

91 

1 

2 

6 

100 

Manzanillo . 

95 

2 

2 

1 

100 

Matanzas . 

90 

3 

4 

3 

100 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

93 

0  ‘ 

4 

3 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

93 

1 

2 

4 

100 

Regia . 

92 

1 

0 

7 

100 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

74 

9 

16 

1 

100 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

81 

9 

8 

2 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

83 

13 

3 

1 

100 

Santiago .  . 

91 

5 

2 

2 

100 

Trinidad . 

67 

26 

6 

1 

100 

Urban  Cuba . 

88 

4 

4 

4 

100 

17G 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


From  this  table  it  is  clear  that,  taking  the  dwellings  as  a  whole,  in 
the  14  cities,  7  in  every  8  of  them  had  some  municipal  system  of  dis¬ 
posing  of  garbage.  The  cities  of  Santa  Clara,  except  Cienf  uegos,  were 
apparently  least  well  provided  in  this  respect.  In  the  cities  of  that 
province,  more  commonly  than  elsewhere  in  Cuba,  garbage  was  dis¬ 
posed  of  by  burning. 

In  the  following  table  the  same  facts  are  given  bv  provinces  for  the 
rural  districts  of  Cuba: 


Per  cent  of  rural  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  garbage  disposal. 


Province. 

Munici¬ 

pal. 

Burning. 

Private. 

Not 

specified. 

Total. 

Habana  . 

20 

22 

54 

4 

100 

Matanzas . 

20 

28 

50 

•> 

100 

Pinardel  Rio . 

10 

2 

86 

2 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

5 

64 

28 

3 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

12 

43 

43 

2 

100 

Santiago . 

11 

79 

9 

1 

100 

Rural  Cuba . 

14 

42 

42 

2 

100 

Outside  of  the  14  cities  about  1  dwelling  in  7  enjoyed  some  public 
means  of  garbage  disposal,  and  the  prevalence  of  this  varies  in  rough 
agreement  with  the  density  of  rural  population  as  given  on  page  74. 
The  only  private  means  specified  is  that  of  burning,  and  this  is  increas¬ 
ingly  prevalent  from  west  to  east.  To  show  this,  the  provinces  have 
been  arranged  in  the  following  list  in  their  order  from  west  to  east 
and  the  per  cent  of  rural  dwellings  burning  their  garbage  indicated. 


Province. 

Per  cent 
of  rural 
dwell¬ 
ings 
burning 
garbage. 

Province. 

Per  cent 
of  rural 
dwell¬ 
ings 
burning 
garbage. 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

2 

Santa  Clara . 

43 

Habana  . 

22 

Puerto  Principe . 

64 

Matanzas . 

28 

Santiago . 

79 

The  houses  having  other  means  of  garbage  disposal  obviously  vary 
in  the  reverse  way;  that  is,  when  burning  is  common,  other  private 
means  arp  uncommon,  and  vice  versa. 


DISPOSITION  OF  EXCRETA. 

The  entries  which  the  enumerators  were  allowed  to  make  in  the 
column  containing  the  answers  to  this  question  were  pozo ,  in  odor o, 
or  ninguna  (none).  In  addition  to  the  three  thus  allowed  tfyere  will 
be  found  in  the  tables  a  fourth  class  of  “not  specified”  to  cover  cases 
where  the  question  was  not  answered.  The  only  recognized  methods 
of  disposal,  therefore,  were^ra?  and  inodoro.  As  it  is  difficult  to  find 


LATRINE  SYSTEM. 


177 


any  exact  English  equivalent  for  these  words,  they  will  be  retained  in 
the  following  discussion  of  the  tables.1 

The  following'  table  shows  the  frequency  of  these  various  modes  of 
disposal: 


Mode  of  disposing  of  excreta. 

Number  of 
dwellings 
using  it  in 
Cuba. 

Per  cent 
of  total 
dwell¬ 
ings. 

No  form . 

129, 245 
110, 695 
13,  644 

9, 140 

49 

Pozo . 

42 

Inodoro  . 

5 

Not  specified . 

4 

Total . 

262, 724 

100 

About  half  the  dwellings  in  Cuba  had  no  provision  of  any  kind  for 
this  purpose.  It  is  said  that  in  rural  Spain  the  inhabitants  commonly 
have  no  closets  or  outhouses,  but  resort  to  the  fields,  and  the  same  is 
apparently  true  of  Cuba.  Of  the  houses  having  conveniences  of  this 
sort  nine  tenths  (8.9  per  cent)  reported  a,  pozo  and  one-tenth  an  hwdoro. 
In  this  respect  the  provinces  stand  as  follows: 

Per  cent  of  total  dwellings  supplied  with  specified  mode  of  disposal  of  excreta. 


Province. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro. 

No  form. 

Not 

specified. 

Habana  (city)  . 

43 

48 

3 

6 

Habana  (excluding  city) . 

57 

35 

8 

Matanzas . 

48 

2 

47 

3 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

20 

77 

3 

Puerto  Principe . 

40 

57 

3 

Santa  Clara  . . . 

47 

50 

3 

Santiago . 

36 

G3 

1 

Total . 

42 

5 

49 

4 

It  is  clear  that  outside  of  Habana  City  and  Matanzas  province  the 
inodoro  is  hardly  known.  In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given 
for  the  thirteen  other  cities  separately  reported: 


Per  cent  of  urban  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  disposing  of  excreta. 


City. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro. 

None. 

Not 

specified. 

Total. 

Cardenas . 

87 

3 

7 

3 

100 

Cienfuegos . 

93 

4 

2 

1 

100 

Guanabacoa . 

83 

10 

7 

100 

Manzanillo .  . 

94 

5 

i 

100 

Matanzas . 

78 

11 

8 

3 

100 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

94 

2 

4 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

69 

26 

5 

100 

Regia . 

91 

1 

1 

7 

100 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

89 

4 

5 

2 

100 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

82 

16 

2 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

75 

1 

22 

2 

100 

Santiago . 

93 

1 

4 

2 

100 

Trinidad . 

96 

2 

2 

100 

Urban  Cuba  (excluding  Habana) . 

85 

3 

9 

3 

100 

1  Note  on  meaning  of  pozo  and  inodoro.  The  “  inodoro  ”  includes  every  receptacle 
for  excreta  in  which  an  effort  is  made  to  destroy  or  decrease  the  foul  odors  arising 
21662 - 12 


178 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


This  table  shows  that  Matanzas  is  the  onty  city  besides  Habana  in 
which  an  inodoro  was  found  in  one-tenth  of  the  dwellings  and  that  in 
half  the  other  12  cities  it  did  not  occur  in  an  appreciable  number  of 
cases.  In  1  of  these  13  cities  at  least  10  per  cent  of  the  houses  were 
without  closet  conveniences  and  in  2  more  than  1  dwelling  in  5  was 
thus  unprovided. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  the  rural  districts  of 
Cuba: 

Per  cent  of  rural  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  disposing  of  excreta. 


Province. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro. 

None. 

Not 

specified. 

Total. 

Habana  . 

52 

0 

■10 

8 

100 

Matanzas . 

36 

0 

61 

3 

100 

Pinar  del  Rio . . 

17 

0 

81 

72 

2 

100 

Puerto  Principe . 

25 

0 

3 

100 

Santa  Clara . 

35 

23 

0 

61 

4 

100 

Santiago . 

0 

76 

1 

100 

Rural  Cuba . 

32 

0 

65 

3 

100 

In  rural  Cuba  there  was  a  pozo  in  connection  with  about  one-third 
of  the  dwellings,  while  two-thirds  were  without  this  or  an}^  other  form 
of  receiving  excreta. 

therefrom,  usually  by  the  addition  of  such  substances  as  lime,  dry  clay,  or  ashes. 
The  pozo  includes  all  other  forms  of  closet.  The  modern  form  of  closet  flushed  by 
water  from  a  system  of  pipes,  called  escusado  ingles,  is  very  unusual  in  Habana,  and 
unknown  elsewhere  in  Cuba.  Either  the  inodoro  or  the  pozo  is  cleaned,  when  it 
is  cleaned  at  all,  by  scavengers  hired  by  the  property  owner. 


POPULATION  TABLES. 


Table  I. — Total  population  at  different  censuses. 


Year. 

Popula¬ 

tion. 

Year. 

Popula¬ 

tion. 

1774 . 

172, 620 
272, 301 
553, 028 
704, 487 

1841 . 

1,007,624 
1,396,530 
1,631,687 
1,572, 797 

1792 . 

1861 . 

1817 . 

1887  . . . 

1827 . : . 

1899  . 

Table  II. — Population  of  Cuba  and  its  provinces  at  various  censuses. 


Province. 

1861. 1 

1887. 

1899. 

Habana . 

393,  789 
234, 524 
146,  685 
85,  702 
271,3.10 
264, 520 

451,928 

424,811 

Matanzas.  . 

259, 578 
225, 891 
67,  789 

202, 462 
173  082 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

88, 237 
356, 537 

Santa  Clara . 

354, 122 
272, 379 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

327, 716 

i  Cuba  . 

1, 396,  530 

1,  631, 687 

1, 572, 845 

1  Population  of  provinces  estimated.  See  Appendix  XVI. 


Table  III. — Population  of  municipal  districts  in  1887  and  1899,  as  constituted  at  the 

latter  date ,  with  gam  or  loss  of  population. 

HABANA  PROVINCE. 


Municipal  districts. 


Aguacate . 

Alquizar . 

Bainoa . 

Batabano . . . 

Bauta . 

Bejueal . 

Cano . 

Casiguas . 

Catalina . 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

Guanabacoa  . 

Guara . 

Guines . 

Guira  de  Melena . 

Habana . 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

Jaruco . 

Madruga . 

Managua . 

Marianao . 

Melena  del  Sur . 

Nueva  Paz . 

Pipian . 

Quivican . 

Iiegla . 

Salud . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . 

San  Felipe . 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . . . 

San  Nicolas . . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  (formerly  San  Antonio  de  Rio  Blanco 

and  Jibacoa)  . 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

Tapaste . ; . 

Vereda  Nueva . 


1887. 

1899. 

Gain. 

Loss. 

3,346 

3, 163 

183 

8,314 

8,746 

432 

4,188 

1,725 

2, 463 

8,016 

6, 523 

1, 493 

8,070 

5, 142 

2,928 

7,902 

5,  756 

2,146 

3,  745 

4,210 

465 

3,886 

1,004 

2,882 

6, 112 

2,718 

3, 394 

3, 232 

2,197 

1,035 

28,013 

20, 080 

7, 963 

4,549 

1,835 

2,  714 

12,  618 

11,394 

1,224 

8,721 

11, 548 

2,827 

200, 448 

242,055 

11,607 

2,040 

3,199 

1,159 

12, 182 

4, 076 

8, 106 

7, 514 

3,744 

3,770 

5, 850 

2, 887 

2,963 

7,352 

8,593 

1,241 

5, 275 

3, 207 

2, 068 

9,571 

7,  761 

1,810 

3,414 

1,101 

2,313 

4, 585 

2,  423 

2, 162 

10, 316 

11,363 

1,047 

4,  896 

3, 293 

1,603 

4, 469 

1,855 

2,  614 

12, 423 

12, 631 

208 

2,313 

1,915 

398 

6, 218 

4, 154 

2, 064 

6, 724 

4,568 

2, 156 

9, 210 

2, 965 

G,  245 

4, 885 

2,730 

2, 155 

12, 081 

10,276 

1,805 

6, 143 

1,551 

4, 592 

3,277 

2, 416 

861 

179 


180  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  111. — Population  of  municipal  districts  in  1887  and  1809,  etc. — Continued. 


MATANZAS  PROVINCE. 


Municipal  districts. 


Alacranes  (iormerly  Alfonso  XII)... 

Bolondron . 

Cabezas . 

Canasi . 

Cardenas . 

Carlos  Rojas  (formerly  Cimarrones). 

Colon . 

Cuevitas . 

Guamacaro . 

Jaguey  Grande  (formed  from  Colon) 

Jovellanos . . . 

Macagua . 

Macuriges . 

Marti  (formerly  Guamutas) . .•... 

Matanzas . 

Maximo  Gomez . 

Mendez  Capote . 

Palmillas . 

I’erico  (formerly  Cervantes) . 

Roque . 

Sabanilla . 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

Santa  Ana  (formerly  Cidra) . 

Union  de  Reyes . 


1887. 

1899. 

Gain. 

Loss. 

9,  711 

8,110 

1,601 

11,816 

9, 179 

2, 637 

8, 802 

5, 184 

3,  618 

4,524 

1,993 

2,531 

23, 354 

24, 861 

1,507 

6, 879 

3,174 

3, 705 

16,  679 

12, 195 

1,369 

6, 323 

5,807 

516 

10, 245 

6,000 
5,853 
7, 529 

4,245 

8,518 

989 

5, 410 

5, 042 

368 

13, 374 

10, 405 

2, 969 

11, 589 

8, 905 

2,684 

56, 379 

45, 282 

11,097 

8, 132 

4,046 

4,086 

5,349 

2,158 

3, 191 

8,818 

7,647 

1,171 

3, 204 

4, 449 

1,245 

8, 216 

4, 464 

3, 752 

8,871 

5, 205 

3, 666 

9,031 

6,  765 

2,286 

6,219 

2,965 

3,25*4 

8, 135 

5, 226 

2, 909 

PINAR  DEL  RIO  PROVINCE. 


Artcmisa  (including  Cayajabos) . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas . 

Candelaria  (including  Mangas)  . 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

Consolacion  del  Sur  (including  Alonso  Rojas) 

Guanajay . 

Guane . 

Guayabal  . . 

Mantua  (including  Baja) . 

Mariel . 

Palacios . 

Julian  Diaz  (formerly  Paso  Real  de  San  Diego)  . . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

San  Cristobal  (including  Santa  Cruz  de  los  Pinos) 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

San  Luis . 

Vinales . 


15, 775 
8,506 
8,560 
9,875 
7,934 
20, 328 
9, 512 
22, 708 
6,337 
11, 122 
7,902 
6,501 
4,920 
29, 497 
9,066 
6,  317 
4,180 
17,  974 
7,327 
11,550 


9,317 
2, 117 
3,853 
4,866 
7,399 
16, 665 
8,  796 
14, 760 
2, 710 
8,366 
3, 631 
2,456 
1,871 
38,343 
4, 263 
2, 419 
1,137 
14,787 
7,608 
17, 700 


6, 458 
6,389 
4,707 
5, 009 
535 
3, 663 
716 
7,948 
3,627 
2,756 
4,271 
4,045 
3,049 


4,803 

3,898 

3,043 

3,187 


8, 846 


281 
6, 150 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE  PROVINCE. 


Ciego  de  Avila .... 

Moron . 

Nue  vitas . 

Puerto  Principe... 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 


7,929 

9,801 

1,872  . 

8, 919 

9,  630 

711  . 

6,  618 

10, 355 

3,737  . 

40, 958 

53, 140 

12,182  . 

3,365 

5, 308 

1,943  . 

SANTA  CLARA  PROVINCE. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes  (formerly  Amaro) 

Cruces . 

Esperanza  . 

Laias  (Las) . 

Palmira . 

Placetas . 


3,819 

3, 995 

176 

5, 106 

8,650 

3,544 

12, 957 

13,419 

462 

10, 537 

14, 495 

3, 958 

7, 029 

6, 244 

9, 723 

6,954 

40, 96-1 
7,251 

59, 128 
3,825 
7,953 

18, 164 

6, 490 

1,463 

12, 759 

7,811 

8,014 

9,  603 

1,589 

4,709 

6, 527 

1,818 

9, 337 

11,961 

2, 524 

785 
2, 769 


3,426 


4,948 


POPULATION  BY  WARDS  AND  CITIES 


181 


Table  III. — Population  of  municipal  districts  in  1S87  and  1899,  et<\ — Continued. 


SANTA  CLARA  PROVINCE— Continued. 


Municipal  districts. 


Quemado  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . . . 

Remedios . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas . 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando  (formerly  Camarones) 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 


1887. 


11,467 
6,391 
4, 571 
15, 474 
8, 153 
18, 330 
15,  656 
29, 278 
9, 831 
6,688 
7,  702 
32, 491 
13,  667 
29,448 
6,280 


1899. 


8, 890 
7, 532 
5, 059 
14, 833 
9,562 
21,  342 
12, 832 
25, 709 
5, 369 
6, 445 
5, 600 
28, 437 
10, 372 
24, 271 
9,718 


Gain. 


1,141 

488 


1,409 
3, 012 


3,438 


Loss. 


2, 577 


641 


2, 824 
3, 569 
4,462 
243 
2, 102 
4,054 
3, 295 
5, 177 


SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA  PROVINCE. 


AJto  Songo . 

10, 221 
18, 057 
17, 676 

Baracoa  . 

Bayamo  . 

Campechuela  (formed  from  Manzanillo) . 

Caney  . 

8,686 

8,261 

Cobre  . 

Cristo  (formed  from  Manzanillo) . 

Gibara  . 

26, 342 
23,  741 
32, 238 
7, 808 
34, 220 
7,990 

Guantanamo . 

Holguin . 

Jiguani . 

Manzanillo  . 

Mayari  . 

Niquero  (formed  from  Manzanillo) . 

Palma  Soriano  (formed  from  Santiago) . 

Puerto  Padre  (formerly  Victoria  de  las  Tunas) . 

12, 049 
5,476 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

San  Luis  (formed  from  Santiago) . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . ! . 

59, 614 

12, 770 
21,944 
21,193 
7,369 
9,126 
10, 707 
1,194 
31,594 
28, 063 
34,  506 
10, 495 
32, 288 
8, 504 
2,  718 
12,  305 
19,984 
5, 796 
11, 681 
45, 478 


2,549 
3, 887 
3, 517 


440 

2,446 


5, 252 
4, 322 
2,268 
2,687 
9,349 
514 


7,  935 
320 


9, 8.50 


Table  IV. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities. 
PROVINCE  OF  IIABANA. 


Total  population .  424,804 


Aguacate  District .  3,163 


Aguacate  and  Zabaleta .  2,196 

Reloj  and  Compostizo .  967 


Alquizar  District .  8, 746 


Alquizar,  Primero .  1,837 

Alquizar,  Segundo .  1,877 

Guanimar .  485 

La  Paz .  1,011 

Palenque . . .  1,933 

San  Andres .  293 

Tumbadcro .  1,310 


Bainoa  District .  1, 725 


Bainoa  and  Santa  Cruz .  482 

Caraballo .  495 

Mamey  Duro  and  Reloj .  748 


Batabano  District .  6, 523 


Batabano . . .. .  1, 025 

Guanabo .  436 

Mayaguano .  352 

Qui'ntinal  and  San  Augustin .  976 

Surgidcro . . .  3,683 

Islands .  51 


Bauta  District .  5, 142 


Hoyo  Colorado .  1,046 

Baracoa,  Anafe,  and  Corralillo .  1,025 

Punta  Brava  and  Cangrejeras .  2, 205 

San  Pedro  and  Guatao .  866 


Bcjucal  District .  5,756 


Primero .  997 

Segundo .  1,068 

Tercero .  1,093 

Piedras .  1,670 

Remainder  of  district .  928 


Cano  District .  4, 210 


Arroyo  Arenas .  1,003 

Cano  and  Jaimanitas .  1, 320 

Wajay .  1, 887 


Casiguas  District  (not  given  by  wards) ...  1, 001 

Catalina  District  (not  given  by  wards) ...  2,718 


Ceiba  del  Agua  District .  2, 197 


Ceiba  del  Agua .  909 

Virtudes  and  Chicharron .  621 

Remainder  of  district .  667 


182 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  IV. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Guanabacoa  District .  20, 080 


Asuncion,  Este .  1,506 

Asuncion,  Oeste .  2,795 

Bacuranao .  1,457 

Campo  Florido .  591 

Cojimar .  1,585 

Corral  Falso,  Este .  1, 838 

Corral  Falso,  Oeste .  1,991 

Cruz  Verde .  2, 485  j 

San  Francisco,  Este .  2,043 

San  Francisco,  Oeste .  1,307 

San  Miguel  del  Padron  and  Pepe  An¬ 
tonio  .  2, 482 


Guam  District  (not  given  by  wards) .  1,835 


Guines  District .  11,394 


First  and  Cruz .  1, 348 

Second  and  Rubio .  3,357 

Tlrird  and  Yamaraguas .  2,350 

Fourth  .  1,094 

Candela  North  and  South  and  Gua¬ 
na  jo  .  609 

Candela  Baja,  San  Pedro,  and  San 

Julian .  955 

Nombre  de  Dios .  1, 681 


Habana  District — Continued. 

Remainder  of  district— 

Arroyo  Naranjo .  1, 771 

Calvario .  1,041 

Puentes  Grandes .  3, 262 


Isla  de  Pinos  District .  3, 199 


Caleta  Grande .  315 

Santa  Fe .  1,050 

Remainder  of  district .  1,834 


Jaruco  District .  4, 076 


Guanabo .  908 

Maceo,  Garzo,  Guaicanamar,  and 

Tablas .  766 

Plaza,  Jaruco.  Cuartel,  and  Comercio.  1,139 
Remainder  of  district .  1,263 


Madruga  district .  3, 744 


Concordia.  Majagua,  and  San  Bias...  928 

Madruga,  Este .  676 

Madruga,  Oeste .  1,328 

Remainder  of  district .  812 


Managua  District .  2, 887 


Guira  de  Melena .  11, 548 


Cajio .  963 

Gabriel .  764 

Jerez .  1,274 

Juribacoa .  311 

Melena .  1,452 

Norte .  2, 620 

Sur .  2,396 

Sibanacan .  1, 136 

Tumbadero .  632  ; 


Habana  District .  242,055 


Managua .  1,063 

Remainder  of  district .  1,824 


Marianao  District .  8, 593 


Cocosoto .  2, 602 

Lisa .  680 

Playa  .  574 

Pocito .  1 , 560 

Quemados .  3, 177 


Melena  del  Sur  District  (not  given  by 
wards) .  3, 207 


Habana  City— 

Arroyo  Apolo . 

Arsenal . 

Atares . 

Casa  Blanca . 

Ceiba . 

Cerro . 

Chavez . 

Colon . 

Dragones . 

Guadalupe . 

Jesus  del  Monte  . . . 

Jesus  Maria . 

Luyano . 

Marte . 

Monserrate . 

Paula . 

Penal  ver . 

Pilar . . 

Pueblo  Nuevo . 

Punta . 

San  Felipe . 

San  Francisco . 

San  J uan  de  Dios . . 

San  Lazaro . 

San  Leopoldo . 

San  Nicolas . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Teresa . 

Santo  Angel . 

Santo  Cristo . 

San  Isidro . 

Tacon  . 

Templete . 

Vedado  y  Principe 

Villanueva . 

lives . 

Institutions . 


2,166 
6, 131 
7, 674 
2,440  ! 
6,783 
10,  741 
7,598 
7,371 
6,604 
7,517 
9,369 
3,915 
1,254 
5,002 
7,829 
3,791 
8, 557  i 
6,111 
8,376 
10,537 
3,560 
4,215 
4, 420 
20, 616 
7,494 
6,534 
4.667 
6, 725 
4, 766 
4,637 
5,805 
6,505 
2,838 
9,980 
6, 063 
5, 050 
2,340 


Nueva  Paz  District .  7, 761 


Bagaez .  1,229 

Nueva  Paz .  2,294 

Palos .  2, 630 

Vegas . 1,608 


Pipian  District  (not  given  by  wards) .  1, 101 

Quivican  District  (not  given  by  wards) ..  2,423 


Regia  District .  11, 363 


First  .  2, 818 

Second .  3,034 

Third .  3. 001 

Fourth .  2,510 


Salud  District  (not  given  by  wards) .  3,293 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas'  District  (not 
given  by  wards) .  1, 855 


San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  District .  12, 631 


Armonia .  672 

Chicharo .  404 

Este .  2, 065 

Govea .  671 

Monjas .  925 

Norte .  2,966 

Quintana .  705 

Santa  Rosa .  457 

Seborucal .  452 

Sur .  3, 147 

Valle .  167 


San  Felipe  District  (not  given  by  wards).  1,915 


POPULATION  BY  WARDS  AND  CUTES. 


183 


Table  IV. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


San  Jose  de  las  Lajas .  4, 151 


Primero .  928 

Segundo  .  2,096 

Remainder  of  distriet .  1, 130 


San  Nicolas  District .  4, 568 


Babiney  Prieto  and  Caimito .  577 

Barbudo  .  736 

Paradero  and  Gabriel .  1,923 

San  Nicolas  and  Jobo .  1, 332 


Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  District .  2, 965 


San  Antonio  de  Rio  Blanco  del  Norte.  965 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte .  934 

Remainder  of  district .  1,066 


Santa  Maria  del  Rosario  District .  2,730 


San  Pedro .  1,285 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario .  544 

Remainder  of  district-. .  901 


Santiago  de  las  Vegas  District .  10,276 


Boyeros .  1,553 

Calabazar .  1 , 152 

Dona  Maria .  531 

Norte .  3,062 

Rincon .  920 

Sur .  3, 058 


Tapaste  District .  1,551 


Santa  Barbara  and  Jaula .  272 

Tapaste  and  San  Andres .  1, 279 


Vereda  Nueva  District .  2,416 


Norte .  1,125 

Sur .  1,291 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total  population .  202,214 


Alacranes  District .  8,110 


Estante .  2,823 

Este .  716 

Galeoncito .  474 

Norte .  1,267 

Oeste .  1, 777 

Sur .  1,053 


Bolondron  District .  9, 179 


Bolondron  1 .  933 

Bolondron  2 .  824 

Bolondron  3 .  847 

Guira .  1,676 

Lucia  and  Gonzalo .  2,326 

Piedras  and  Cienega .  577 

Punta  and  Alverez .  1,363 

Zapata  and  Galeon .  633 


Cabezas  District .  5,184 


Bcrmeja .  1,871 

Bija .  751 

Cabezas .  1,721 

Lima .  612 

Magdalena .  229 


Canasi  District .  1,993 


Norte .  1,624 

Sur .  369 


Cardenas  District .  24, 861 


Cardenas  City — 

District  1,  Barrio  1 .  1, 659 

District  1,  Barrio  2 . . .  3, 564 

District  2,  Barrio  1 .  1, 374 

District  2,  Barrio  2 .  3, 720 

District  3,  Barrio  1 .  3, 987 

District  3,  Barrio  2 .  2, 305 

District  4,  Barrio  1 .  3, 145 

District  4,  Barrio  2 .  2, 186 

Cantel  and  Guasimas .  1,581 

Pueblo  Nuevo,  Fundicion,  and  Ver- 

salles .  311 

Varadero .  l ,  029 


Carlos  Rojas  District  (not  given  by  bar¬ 


rios)  .  3,174 


Colon  District .  12, 195 


Amarillas .  1,746 

Calimete .  3,274 

Colon,  Barrio  1 .  1,412 

Colon,  Barrio  2 .  1, 653 

Colon,  Barrio  3 .  919 

Colon,  Barrio  4 .  787 

Colon,  Barrio  5 .  1,299 

Colon,  Barrio  6 .  1, 105 


Cuevitas  District .  5, 807 


Asiento .  509 

Cuevitas .  2,634 

Jabaco .  997 

Venturilla .  1,667 

Guamacaro  District .  6, 000 


Canimar .  161 

Caobas .  1,197 

Coliseo . 620 

Guamacaro . .  552 

Limonar,  Este .  1, 393 

Limonar,  Oeste .  1, 483 

San  Miguel .  374 

Sumidero .  220 


Jaguey  Grande  District .  5,853 


Cienaga  de  Zapata .  16 

Gallardo .  750 

Jaguey  Grande .  1,999 

Lopez .  1,445 

Ruvira .  827 

Sinu .  816 


Jovellanos  District .  7, 529 


Asuncion .  427 

Jovel  lanosr  Barrio  1 .  1,942 

Jovellanos,  Barrio  2 .  1,617 

Jovellanos,  Barrio  3 .  1,162 

Realengo .  363 

San  Jose .  2,018 


184 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  I  V. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Managua  District .  5,042 


Arabos .  2,241 

Mayabon .  1,092 

Monte  Alto .  680 

Oeste .  1,029 


Macuriges  District . . . . .  10, 405 


Batalla .  795  | 

Ciego .  595  I 

Claudio .  1,390 

Macuriges,  Este .  965 

Macuriges,  Oeste .  1,071 

Macuriges,  Sur .  1,056 

Navajas .  731 

Platanal  and  Linch .  313 

Punta  Brava .  1,508 

Rio  Blanco .  1,577 

Tramojos .  404 


Marti  District .  8, 905 


Guamutas .  2, 505 

Itabo .  252 

La  Tcja .  695 

Los  Cayos .  374 

Marti,  Norte .  2, 495 

Marti,  Sur .  396 

Motembo .  2, 188 


Mendez  Capote  District .  2, 158 


Contreras .  921 

Mendez  Capote,  1 .  812 

Mendez  Capote,  2 .  425 


Palmillas  District .  7,647 


Cumanayagua .  969 

Guareiras .  793 

•Taean .  1,642 

Manguito .  3,289 

Palmillas .  954 


Perico  District .  4,  449 


Altamisal .  1,689 

Perico,  Norte .  2,436 

Perico,  Sur .  324 


Roque  District .  4,464 


Caobillas .  1,434 

Guamajales  . . 499 

Mostacilla .  688 

Quintana  and  Tomeguin .  361 

Roque .  1,482 


Matanzas  District . .  45,282 


Matanzas  City — 

District  1,  Barrio  1 .  1, 500 

District  1,  Barrio  2 .  2, 570 

District  2,  Barrio  1 .  4, 147 

District  2,  Barrio  2 .  3,596 

District  3,  Barrio  1 .  5, 050 

District  3,  Barrio  2 .  2, 305 

District  4,  Barrio  1 .  3, 270 

Pueblo  Nuevo .  8, 420 

Versalles .  4, 812 

Asylums,  convents,  and  hospitals.  704 

Arroyo  and  Campana .  1 , 143 

Canarioca .  814 

Canimar  and  Paso  Seco .  597 

Ceiba  Mocha .  1,828 

Chirino .  702 

Corral  Nuevo .  754 

Cumbre  and  Bacunayagua .  1 , 831 

Guanabana .  1,005 

San  Francisco .  234 


Maximo  Gomez  District .  4, 046 


Sabanilla  District .  5, 205 


Mondejar  and  Auras .  401 

Palma  and  Canimar .  1,023 

Sabanilla .  3,781 


San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos  District .  6, 765 


Banaguises,  Pueblo . 931 

Banaguises,  Rural .  2,046 

Pueblo  N uevo .  1 , 487 

San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos .  2, 301 


Santa  Ana  District .  2, 965 


Barrio  1 .  1,421 

Barrio  2 .  285 

Barrio  3 .  722 

Barrio  4 .  453 

Barrio  5 .  84 


Union  de  Reyes  District .  5,226 


Altamisal .  776 

Maximo  Gomez .  2, 292 

Rancho  del  Medio .  701 

Sabanilla .  277 


Pueblo  Nuevo .  545 

Iglesia  1 .  1,969 

Iglesia2 .  1,707 

Iglesia  3 .  1,005 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total  population .  173,064  j 


Artemisa  District . . .  9,317 


Artemisa . .-...  4,179 

Canas .  984 

Capellanias .  223 

Cayajabos .  1,022 

Dolores .  1 , 692 

Puerta  de  la  Guira .  498 

Virtudcs .  719 


Bahia  Honda  District .  2,117 


Bahia  Honda  and  Agnacate .  1,278 

Corralillo  and  Mulata .  214 

San  Miguel  and  Manimani .  625 


Cabanas  District .  3,853 


Cabanas  and  San  Miguel .  1,917 

Ceiba .  1,366 

Conchita  and  Delicias .  228 

Vigia  and  San  Ramon .  342 


Candelaria  District .  4,866 


Bayate,  Puerto  Rico,  and  San  Junn 

del  Norte .  630 

Candelaria .  1,697 

Carambola,  Lomas, and  Rio  Hondo..  803 

Las  Mangas .  1,280 

San  Juan  de  Barraconcs,  Mira  Cielos, 
and  Frias .  456 


POPULATION  BY  WARDS  AND  CITIES 


185 


Table  IV. — Population  by  wants  and  by  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Consolacion  del  Norte  District .  7, 399 


Berracos .  1,056 

Caiguanabo  . .  439 

La  Jagua .  1,567 

La  Palma  and  Rio  de  Puercos .  1,240 

Los  Puentes .  594 

Rio  Blanco  and  Arroyo  Naranjo .  888 

San  Andres .  671 

Vegas  Nuevas .  944 


Consolacion  del  Sur  District .  16, 665 


Alonso  Rojas  .  2, 132 

Colmenar  and  Hato  Qucmado .  676 

Consolacion  del  Sur  City,  not  given  by 

wards .  3, 062 

Horconcs .  1,608 

Lajas  and  Caperuza .  702 

Lena .  914 

Naran j  o  and  Caimi  tos .  1 , 073 

Pilotos .  1,918 

Rio  Hondo  and  la  Jagua .  2, 346 

San  Pablo  and  Camarones .  1, 589 

Santa  Clara .  645 


Guanajay  District .  8, 796 


Cabriales . , .  533 

Guanajay,  Norte .  2, 675 

Guanajay,  Sur .  3, 808 

San  Francisco .  626 

San  Jose .  389 

Santa  Ana .  765 


Guane  District .  14, 760 


Cabo  de  San  Antonio .  270 

Cortes  and  Serranos .  1, 355 

Guane .  1,038 

Juan  Gomez .  912 

La  Grifa .  2, 113 

Martinas .  1,746 

Paso  Real  and  Catalina .  890 

Por tales  and  Teneria .  1, 253 

Punta  de  la  Sierra  and  Los  Acostas  . .  1, 502 

Remates .  3, 014 

Sabalo,  Trinidad,  and  Santa  Teresa. . .  667 


Guayabal  District .  2, 710 


Caimito .  1,269 

Guayabal  and  Banes . .  879 

Quintana  .  j*. .  562 


Julian  Diaz  District .  1,871 


Herradura  and  Ceja  de  la  Herradura .  516 

Julian  Diaz  and  Palacios .  1, 260 

Santa  Monica  and  Guajiro .  95 


Los  Palacios  District .  2,456 


Toro  and  Bacunaguas .  198 

Los  Palacios .  1, 549 

Macuriges .  238 

Sierra,  Santo  Domingo,  and  Limones.  471 


Mantua  District .  8, 366 


Arroyos  and  Santa  Isabel .  1 , 079 

Baja .  3, 741 

Cabezas  and  La  Ceja .  1,281 

Guayabo  and  Lazaro .  283 

Mantua  and  Montezuelo .  802 

Santa  Maria  and  San  Jose .  423 

Sierra  Derrumbado .  757 


Mariel  District .  3,631 


Jobaco  and  Rayo .  253 

Macagual  and  Quiebra  Hacha .  1,058 

Mariel  and  Boca .  2,085 

Molina,  Mosquitos,  and  Guajaybon  . . .  161 

San  Juan  Bautista  and  Playa. .  74 


Pinar  del  Rio  District .  38,343 


Cabezas .  1,521 

Cangre .  4, 208 

Guayabo .  1,894 

Isabel  Maria .  1,136 

Marcos  Vazquez .  974 

Ovas .  2,383 

Paso  Viejo .  2,351 

Pinar  del  Rio,  Norte .  3,949 

Pinar  del  Rio,  Sur .  4, 931 

Rio  Feo .  1,034 

Rio  Sequito .  4,278 

San  Jose .  2,512 

Sumidero .  2, 478 

Taironas .  4, 694 


San  Cristobal  District .  4,263 


Mayari,  1  and  2 .  277 

Minas  and  Rio  Hondo .  402 

San  Cristobal .  1,996 

Santa  Cruz  de  los  Pinos .  1, 357 

Sitio  Herrero .  231 


San  Diego  de  los  Banos  District  (not  given 
by  wards)  .  2, 419 


San  Diego  de  Nunez  District  (not  given 
by  wards)  .  1, 137 


San  Juan  y  Martinez  District .  14, 787 


Arroyo  Hondo .  1,918 

Galafre  and  Guillen .  558 

Lagunillas .  1,238 

Luis  Lazo .  4,193 

Primero  de  Martinez .  1, 097 

Rio  Seco .  1,920 

San  Juan  y  Martinez .  2, 970 

Segundo  de  Martinez .  893 


San  Luis  District .  7, 608 


Barbacoa .  1,085 

Barrigonas .  544 

Tirado .  648 

Llanada .  415 

Palizadas .  603 

Rio  Seco . 760 

San  Luis .  3, 553 


Vinales  District .  17,700 


Albino . 739 

Ancon .  926 

Cayos  de  San  Felipe .  417 

Cuajani .  2,021 

Laguna  de  Piedra .  2, 328 

Rosario .  2, 061 

San  Cayetano .  2,920 

San  Vicente .  1,937 

Santa  Fe .  657 

San  Tomas .  1,570 

Vinales .  1,600 

Yayal .  524 


186  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  IV. — Population  hy  wards  and  Iry  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total  population .  88, 234 


Ciego  de  Avila  District .  9, 801 


Arroyo  Blanco .  862 

Ceiba .  203 

Ciego  de  Avila .  3, 892 

Guanales .  508 

Iguara .  419 

Jicotea .  414 

Jucaro .  468 

Lazaro  Lopez .  1,121 

Nuevas .  957 

Nuevas  de  Jobosi .  464 

San  Nicolas .  493 


Moron  District .  9,630 


Chambas .  925 

Cupeyes .  633 

Guadalupe .  1,554 

Marroquin .  1,073 

Moron  Este .  1,439 

Moron  Oeste .  1,731 

Punta  Alegre .  495 

Sandoval .  1,028 

Santa  Gertrudis .  752 


Nue vitas  District . . . . .  10, 355 


Puerto  Principe  District .  53, 140 


Altagracia .  1,240 

Caobiilas .  1,728 

Cascorro .  1, 904 

Contramaestre .  2,368 

Ecuador .  2, 215 

Guaimaro .  2,940 

Guana j  a .  848 

Limones .  830 

Magarabomba .  1,304 

Maraguan .  1, 110 

Minas .  2,318 

Pueblo  Nuevo .  1,655 

Puerto  Principe  1 .  2,876 

Puerto  Principe  2 .  2,474 

Puerto  Principe  3 .  5, 115 

Puerto  Principe  4 .  5, 184 

Puerto  Principe  5 .  2,080 

Puerto  Principe  6 .  1, 960 

Puerto  Principe  7 .  2,407 

Puerto  Principe  8 .  1, 657 

Puerto  Principe  9 .  1,349 

Queruado .  805 

San  Geronimo .  986 

Sibanieu .  1,763 

Vista  Hermosa .  981 

Yaba .  2,295 

Yeguas .  748 


Baga .  277 

Lugareno .  1,510 

Nuevitas  1 . 1,093 

Nue  vitas  2 .  1,673 

Nuevitas  3 .  1,462 

Redencion .  830 

Sabinal .  107 

San  Miguel .  716 

Senado .  2, 687 


Santa  Cniz  del  Sur  District .  5,308 


Buena  Ventura .  352 

Calzada  and  Playa  Bonita .  2,098 

Guaicanamar . , .  598 

Guayabal .  937 

Junco .  1,083 

San  Pedro .  240 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total  population .  356,536 


Abreus  District  (not  given  by  wards)  ....  3, 995 


Caibarien  District .  8,650 


Caibarien .  7,013 

Conuco .  496 

Guajabana .  478 

Taneo .  663 


Calabazar  District .  13,419 


Centro .  3,756 

Encrucijada .  2, 689 

Mata  y  Barro .  1, 267 

Paso  Real .  433 

Santo .  2, 573 

Sitio  Grande .  590 

Viana  .  2,  111 


Camajuani  District .  14,495 


Camajuani .  5,082 

Egidos .  700 

Guadalupe .  2,569 

Sabana .  1,621 

Salamanca . ' .  1,704 

Santa  Clarita .  1 , 501 

Zulueta .  1,318 


Cartagena  District .  6,244 


Arriete  and  Banos .  556 

Cartagena .  1,917 

Cascajal .  2,017 

Ciego  Montero .  433 


Cartagena  District— Continued. 

Santiago .  559 

Soledad .  762 


Ceja  de  Pablo  District .  6,954 


Ceja  de  Pablo .  273 

Corralillo .  2,588 

Palma  Sola . ^ .  201 

Sabana  Grande .  1,190 

Sierra  Morena .  2, 702 


Cienfuegos  District .  59, 128 


Aguada  de  Pasajeros .  8, 777 

Arimao .  3, 015 

Auras .  437 

Caimanera . 717 

Calicito .  499 

Castillo .  1,383 

Caunao ...  1 .  3, 597 

Cavos .  113 

Charcas .  736 

Cienfuegos  City  (not  given  by  wards).  30,038 

Cumanayagua .  1,403 

Gavilan  and  Gavilancito .  364 

Jicotea .  706 

Manacas .  1,540 

Mandinga .  488 

OjodeAgua .  493 

Ramirez .  6s0 

Sierra .  533 

Yaguaramas .  3,609 


Cifuentes  District .  3,825 


Alacran .  446 

Amaro . .  248 


POPULATION  BY  WAKDS  AND  CITIES 


187 


Table  IV. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Cifuentes  District — Continued. 

Barro .  279 

Cifuentes .  2, 172 

Sitio  Grande .  680 


Cruces  District .  7, 953 


Cruces .  4, 173 

Maltiempo .  2,284 

Montefirrae  .  678 

Pueblo  Nuevo .  818 


Esperanza  District .  7,811 


Asiento  Viejo .  576 

Esperanza  Norte .  997 

Esperanza  Sur .  1, 180 

Jabonillar .  720 

Nuevas .  1,309 

Purial .  915 

San  Jose .  976 

San  Vicente .  1,138 


Palmira  District .  6,527 


Arango .  2, 008 

Palmira .  4, 519 


Placetas  District .  11,961 


Guaracabulla .  1,194 

Hernando  and  Sitio  Potrero .  1,215 

Nazareno .  719 

Placetas  and  Tibisial .  7, 366 

San  Andres  and  Vista  Hermosa .  1, 467 


Quemado  de  Guines .  8,890 


Caguaguas _ \ .  540 

Caraliatas .  1, 615 

Guines .  1,174 

Paso  Cabado .  1,288 

Quemado  de  Guines .  3,082 

San  Valentin .  343 

Zambumbia .  848 


Rancho  Veloz  District .  7,532 


Aguas  Claras .  1,218 

Chavez .  1, 156 

Crimea .  1, 240 

Guanillas .  936 

Santa  Fe .  2,982 


Ranchuelo  District .  5, 059 


Pozo  de  la  China .  1, 101 

Ranchuelo  1 .  2, 170 

Ranchuelo  2 .  849 

Sitio  Viejo .  939 


Rodas  District .  9,562 


Congojas .  2,171 

Jabacoa .  139 

Limones .  2,535 

Medidas .  1,327 

Rodas .  3,390 


Sagua  la  Grande  District .  21, 342 


Chinchila .  1,654 

Isabela  de  Sagua .  2, 352 

Jumagua .  2,473 

Sagua  la  Grande,  Norte .  7,069 

Sagua  la  Grande,  Sur .  5, 659 

San  Juan .  709 

Sitiecito .  1,366 


San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas  District .  12,832 


Aguada  de  Moya .  1,065 

Basque .  2, 019 

Ceja  de  Pablo .  1, 545 

Charco  Hondo .  1, 013 

Egidos .  634 

Piedras .  1, 204 

Quinta .  1,422 

Sagua  la  Chica  and  Cayos .  542 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas .  1, 336 

Taguayabon .  912 

Vega  Alta .  1,140 


Sancti  Spiritus  District .  25, 709 


Banao .  436 

Bellamota .  931 

Chorrera  Brava .  83 

Cabaiguan .  1,135 

Guasimal .  1,500 

Guayos .  1,430 

Jibaro .  433 

Manacas .  475 

Paredes .  578 

Paula .  2,066 

San  Andres  and  Pueblo  Nuevo .  1, 085 

Santa  Lucia .  554 

Taguasco  and  Pedro  Barba .  1,293 

Tunas  de  Zaza .  1,014 

Sancti  Spiritus  City,  not  given  by 
wards . , . '. .  12,696 


San  Diego  del  Valle  District .  5, 369 


Centro .  1,298 

Hatillo .  461 

Jicotea .  665 

MaguarayaAbajoy  Maguaraya  Arriba  1, 154 

Mango . 302 

Sitio  Nuevo .  359 

Yabu .  1,130 


San  Fernando  District .  6,445 


Ciego  Alonzo .  1, 238 

Escarza .  1,770 

Lomas  Grandes .  786 

Paradero .  1,573 

San  Fernando .  1, 078 


San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  District .  5,600 


Aguas  Bonitas .  415 

Bernia .  013 

Guayo .  927 

Potrerillo .  741 

Quemado  Hilario .  503 

San  Juan .  2,401 


San  Juan  de  los  Remedies  District .  14,833 


Bartolome .  512 

Buenavista .  4, 071 

Cangrejo  and  Remate .  1,718 

Carolina .  558 

Guanijibes .  1,047 

Remedios .  6, 633 

Tetuan .  294 


Santa  Clara  District .  28, 437 


Baez .  1,456 

Carmen .  3,051 

Condado .  1,110 

Egidos .  1,987 

La  Cruz .  2,111 

Manicaragua .  2,916 

Parroquia . . .  3, 349 


188 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  IV. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Santa  Clara  District — Continued. 

Pastora .  3, 171 

Provincial .  1,195 

Puente .  *2,594 

San  Gil .  3,411 

Seibabo .  1,598 

Institutions .  488 


Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  District .  9, 603 


Centro .  6,915 

Nuevas .  265 

Salado  and  Santa  Rosa .  407 

Salto .  1,199 

Terry .  817 


Santo  Domingo  District .  10, 372 


Alvarez  and  Mordazo .  1,085 

Baracaldo,.Potrerillo,  and  Arenas _  1,346 

Jicotea  and  San  Bartolome .  1, 246 

Jiquiabo  and  Juqui .  431 

Manacas  and  San  Marcos .  886 

Puerto  Escondido .  741 

Rio  and  Cerrito . -• .  734 

Rodrigo .  583 

Santo  Domingo,  Este .  1,184 

Santo  Domingo,  Oeste .  895 


Santo  Domingo  District — Continued. 

San  Juan .  521 

Yabucito .  720 


Trinidad  District .  24,271 


Cabagan . 762 

Caracusey .  676 

Casilda .  2, 234 

Fomento .  1, 769 

Guaniquical .  985 

Guinia  dc  Miranda .  1, 056 

Jiquimas . 825 

Rio  de  Ay .  2, 417 

San  Francisco .  546 

San  Pedro .  892 

Tayaba .  989 

Trinidad  City,  not  given  by  wards _  11, 120 


Yaguaj ay  District .  9,718 


Bamburanao .  931 

Centeno .  447 

Mayajigua .  1,284 

Meneses .  1,658 

Seibabo .  1,371 

Yaguaj  ay .  2,692 

Keys  and  Institutions .  1, 335 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total  Population .  327,715 


Alto  Songo  District .  12, 770 


Alto  Songo,  Norte .  1, 692 

Alto  Songo,  Sur .  1, 466 

Florida  Blanca .  1,081 

Jara  Hueca .  544 

Loma  del  Gato .  585 

Mayari  Arriba .  975 

Moron .  927 

Palenque . 1,900 

Socorro  and  Maya .  1,585 

Ti-Arriba .  2, 015 


Bavamo  District — Continued. 

‘  Datil .  2, 142 

Guamo .  769 

Guisa .  3, 565 

Horno .  1,298 

Laguna  Blanca .  1,856 

San  Juan .  1,234 

Veguita . . .  3, 784 


Campechuela  District .  7,369 


Campechuela  City,  not  given  by  wards  3, 254 

Ceiba  Hueca  . . .  .* . ! .  2, 149 

San  Ramon .  1,966 


Baracoa  District .  21,944 


Baracoa  City,  not  given  by  wards. ...  4, 937 

Cabacu .  715 

Can  etc .  322 

Duaba .  1, 186 

Grantierra .  632 

Guandao .  1,536 

Guiniao . 1,686 

Hoyos .  729 

Imias .  547 

Jamal .  1,024 

Juaco .  1,425 

Maisi .  108 

Mandinga .  910 

Mata .  7:18 

Monte  Cristo .  739 

Nibujon .  514 

Quemado .  363 

Sabana .  654 

Sabanilla .  780 

Sitio .  473 

Toar .  735 

Veguita .  541 

Vertientes .  650 


Bavamo  District .  21,193 


Barrancas .  1,5% 

Bueyeito .  1,590 

Canto  del  Embarcadero .  1 , 571 

Cristo .  1,788 


Caney  District .  9, 126 


Barajagua .  174 

Caney .  844 

Daiquiri .  1,380 

Demajayabo .  1,752 

Dos  Boca  s .  1,217 

Guaninicun .  1,247 

Lagunas . : .  1,205 

Pgz  de  los  Naranjos .  284 

Sevilla . . .  561 

Zacatecas .  462 


Cobre  District .  10,707 


Aserradero  . .  459 

Botija .  324 

Brazo  Cauto .  1, 150 

Caimanes . „ .  698 

Cayo  Smith .  265 

Cobre .  1,028 

Dos  Palmas .  1,226 

Ermitano .  240 

Ilongolosongo .  1, 987 

Macio .  92 

Manacas .  1,426 

Nimanima .  421 

Rio  Frio .  605 

Santa  Rita .  fil  l 

Sevilla .  272 


Cristo  District,  not  given  by  wards .  1,194 


POPULATION  BY  WAKDS  AND  CITIES 


189 


Table  IV. — Population  by  -wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Gibara  District 


31,594 


Jiguani  District 


10, 495 


Arroyo  Blanco .  1,739 

Banes .  5,730 

Bariai .  1,047 

Bocas .  3,023 

Candelaria .  436 

Cantimplora .  515 

Fray  Benito .  2, 663 

Gibara  City,  not  given  by  wards .  6,841 

Jobabo .  1,266 

Potrerillo .  920 

Pueblo  Nuevo .  826 

Sama .  1,606 

Santa  Lucia .  3, 436 

Santa  Rosalia .  873 

Yabason .  673 


Guantanamo  District. . 

Arroyo  Hondo . 

Baitiquiri . 

Bano . 

Caimanera . 

Camarones . 

Caridad . 

Casimba . 

Casisey  Aba  jo . 

Casisey  Arriba . 

Corralillo . 

Cuatro  Caminos  . . . 

Glorieta . 

Gobierno . 

Guaso . 

Hospital . 

Isleta . 

Indios . 

Jaibo  Abajo . 

Jaibo  Arriba . 

Jamaica . 

Lajas . 

Macuriges . 

Mercado . 

Ocujal  and  vessels. 

Palmar . 

Palma  de  San  Juan 

Parroquia . 

Rastro . 

Rio  Seco . 

Sigual . 

Tiguabos  . 

Vinculo . 

Yateras . 


28, 063 

- I 

1,040 
164 
838 
620 
757 
516 
537 
508 
443 
552 
441 
2,052 
1,219 
1,514 
1,594 
80 
107 
320 
296 
2, 151 
1,371 
492 
915 
90 
1,165 
231 
1,540 
831 
1,334 
402 
1,538 
754 
1,651 


Holguin  District 


34, 506 


Aguas  Claras .  681 

Alcala .  2, 022 

Alfonsos .  1,086 

Auras .  1,604 

Bijaru .  2, 152 

Camasan .  1,257 

Corralito .  1,026 

Cuabas .  1,223 

Holguin  City,  not  given  by  wards. ...  6, 045 

La  Caridad .  1,063 

La  Palma .  2,101 

Mala  Noche .  703 

Purnio .  980 

San  Agustin . . .  2, 163 

San  Andres .  1,181 

San  Lorenzo . .  l ,  060 

San  Pedro  de  Cacoeum .  1, 323 

Sao  Arriba .  1,080 

Tacajo .  896 

Tacamara .  832 

Unas .  1,324 

Velasco .  1,777 

Yareyal .  927 


Babiney .  2, 766 

Baire .  2, 972 

Calabazar .  1,026 

Jiguani .  655 

Rinconada .  1,012 

Santa  Rita .  839 

Ventas .  1,225 


Manzanillo  District .  32,288 


Blanquizal . .'.  1,040 

Calicitos .  738 

Cano.. . .., .  1,112 

Congo .  796 

Dos  Cuartones .  643 

Esperanza .  1,726 

Jibacoa .  2,024 

Manzanillo  City,  not  given  by  wards.  14, 464 

Media  Luna .  3, 319 

Portillo .  440 

Tranquilidad .  834 

Vicana .  1,642 

Yara .  1,234 

Zarzal .  2,276 


Mayari  District .  8, 504 


Barajagua .  723 

Biran .  529 

Braguetudos .  1,454 

Cabonico .  683 

Chavaleta .  1, 230 

Chucho .  494 

Guayabo .  1,393 

Sabanilla .  177 

San  Gregorio .  1, 821 


Niquero  District .  2, 718 


Niquero  City .  1,560 

Veliz .  580 

Cabo  Cruz  and  Punta  de  Praeticos  . . .  578 


Palma  Soriano  District .  12, 305 


Cau to  Abajo .  839 

Cauto  Baire . 777 

Concepcion .  1,526 

Dorados .  691 

Las  Cuchillas .  1, 988 

Palma  Soriano .  1,776 

Remanganaguas .  1,688 

San  Leandro . 1,003 

Santa  Filomena .  682 

Sitio .  1,335 


Puerto  Padre  District .  19,984 


Arenas .  1, 119 

Caisimu .  1,653 

Cauto  del  Paso .  1, 500 

Chaparra .  1,038 

Curana . ' .  1,000 

Manati .  1,064 

Maniabon .  995 

OjodeAgua .  1,157 

Oriente .  2, 471 

Palmarito .  1,072 

Playuelas .  1,038 

San  Manuel .  2, 783 

Tunas .  663 

Vedado .  1,200 

Yarey .  1,231 


Sagua  de  Tauamo  District .  5,796 


Bazan .  781 

Calabazas .  952 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


190 


Table  1 V. — Population  by  wards  and  by  cities — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Sagua  de  Tanamo  District — Continued. 


Esteron .  545 

Juan  Diaz . 714 

Miguel .  665 

Sagua  de  Tanamo .  1, 252 

Zabala .  887 


San  Luis  District .  11,681 


Dos  Caminos .  3, 991 

La  Luz .  618 

Monte  dos  Leguas .  2, 013 

San  Luis .  5,059 


Santiago  de  Cuba  District .  45, 478 


Belen .  6,365 

Catedral .  5,152 

Cri.sto .  5,310 

Dajao .  1,555 

Dolores .  9,011 

Ramon  de  las  Yaguas .  2,388 

Santo  Tomas .  8, 035 

Trinidad .  6,887 

Institutions .  775 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


City. 


Abreus . 

Aguacate . 

Alquizar . 

Alto  Songo . 

Artemisa . 

Baraeoa . 

Batabano . 

Bayamo . 

Bejucal . 

Bolondron . 

Cabezas . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar  . 

Camajuani . 

Campechuela . 

Cardenas . 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cobre . 

Colon . 

Consolacion  del  Sur. 

Corral  Falso . 

Cristo . 

Cruces . 

Cuevitas . 

Daiquiri . 

Encrucijada . 

Esperanza . 

Gibara . 

Guanabacoa . 

<  Juana  jay . 

Guantanamo . 

Guinea . 

Guira . 

Habana  . 

Holguin . 

Jaruco . 

Jovellanos . 

Limonar . 

Macagua . 

Mad  ruga . 

Managua . 

Manguito . 

Manzanillo . 

Marianao . 

Matanzas . 

Maximo  Gomez . 

Mav&ri . 

Melena . 

Moron . 


Province. 

Popula¬ 

tion. 

City. 

Province. 

Santa  Clara . 

1,300 

Niquero . 

Santiago . 

Habana  . 

1,555 

3, 714 
3,158 
2,312 
4,937 
1,025 

Nueva  Paz . 

Habana  . 

_ do . 

Nuevitas . 

Puerto  Principe .. 
Santiago . 

Santiago . 

Palma  Soriano . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Palmira . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Perico . 

Matanzas . 

Habana  . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Pinar  del  Rio  .... 

Santiago . 

3,022 

4,828 

2,604 

1, 721 

Plaeetas . 

Santa  Clara . 

Habana  . 

Puentes  Grandes _ 

Habana  . 

Matanzas . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Santiago . 

. do . 

Puerto  Principe .... 

Puerto^ Principe . . 

Santa  Clara . 

7,013 

1, 575 

Quemado  de  Guines 
Quivican . 

Santa  Clara . 

. do . 

Habana  . 

. do . 

5;  082 
3,254 
21,940 
2,919 
30,038 
1,485 

Rancho  Yeloz . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Ranchuelo . 

. do . 

Matanzas . 

Regia . 

Habana  . 

Puerto  Principe  . . 
Santa  Clara . 

Remedios . 

Rod  as . 

Santa  Clara . 

. do . 

. do . 

Roque . 

Matanzas . 

Santiago . 

1,028 

Sabanilla . 

. do . 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

7, 175 
3,062 
3,823 
1,194 
4,173 
2,634 
1,380 

Sagua  de  Tanamo  . . 
Sagua  la  Grande  ... 
San  Antonio  de  los 

Santiago . 

Santa  Clara . 

Matanzas . 

Habana  . 

Santiago . 

Santa  Clara . 

Banos. 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

Santa  Clara . 

Matanzas . 

San  Felipe . 

Habana  . 

Santiago . 

San  Fernando . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Clara . 

1.725 

San  Joso  de  las  La- 

Habana  . 

Santiago . 

2,  111 
6,841 
13,965 

6, 483 
7,137 

8, 149 

jas. 

San  Jose  de  los  Ra- 

Matanzas . . 

Habana  . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

mos. 

San  Juan  de  las  Ye- 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Habana . . 

ros. 

San  Luis . 

Santiago . 

Matanzas . . 

1, 676 
235, 981 

6, 045 

Santa  Ana . 

Matanzas . 

Habana  _ 

Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  . 

Puerto  Principe  . . 

Habana . 

1, 139 

Santa  Fe . 

Habana  . 

Matanzas . 

4^  721 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 

Santa  Clara . 

. do . 

.  .do . . 

2,876 

1,467 

La  jas. 

Santiago . 

Santiago . 

Habana  . 

2,004 

1,063 

1  534 

Santiago  de  las  Ve¬ 
gas. 

Santo  Domingo . 

Habana  . 

. do . 

Matanzas  , 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago 

14,464 

5, 416 
36,374 
1.743 

Surgidero . 

Habana . 

Habana  . 

Trinidad . 

Santa  Clara . 

Matanzas  , 

Vereda  Nueva . 

Habana  . 

.  .do . 

Vinales . 

Pinar  del  Rio  . . .. 

Santiago 

1  j  821 

5,016 

2,084 

Vneltas . . . 

Habana 

Yaguaiav . 

. do . 

I  Tier  to  Principe  .. 

Yglesia . 

Matanzas . 

Popula¬ 

tion. 


1,560 
2, 294 
4,228 

I,  776 
4,519 
2, 436 
8,880 
5, 409 
2,683 
1,729 

25, 10*2 
1,562 
1,800 
1,514 
3, 019 

II, 363 
6,633 
3, 390 
1,482 
2,200 
1,252 

12,728 

8,  ITS 

12,696 

1.450 

1,078 

3,024 


2,310 

1,469 

5,059 
1.421 
13. 763 
1,210 
1,060 
3, 042 


43,090 
7, 151 

2, 079 
3,683 
11,120 
2.  IP’. 
1,000 
1,336 
1,206 
3, 441 


DENSITY  OF  POPULATION 


191 


Table  V. — Rural  population  excluding  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants  or  more ,  with  area  and 

density ,  by  municipal  districts. 

HABANA  PROVINCE. 


Districts. 

Rural 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Area  in 
square 
miles. 

Density 

per 

square 

mile. 

Aguacate . 

3,163 

8,746 

63 

50. 2 

Alquizar . 

78 

112. 1 

Bantoa . 

1,725 

11 

156.8 

Batabano . 

6^  523 
5, 142 
5,  756 

70 

93.2 

Bauta . 

76 

67.  6 

Bejucal . . . 

36 

159.9 

Cano . 

4,  210 

26 

161.9 

Casiguas . 

1,004 

22 

45. 6 

Catalina . 

2, 718 

92 

29. 5 

Ceiba  de  Agua . 

2, 197 
6, 115 
1,835 
3,245 
11,548 
6, 074 

34 

64. 6 

Guanabacoa  . 

85 

71.9 

Giiara . 

29 

63.3 

Giiines . 

38 

85. 4 

Guira  de  Helena . 

63 

183.3 

Habana . 

57 

106. 5 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3'  199 

840 

3.8 

Jaruco . 

4,076 
3, 744 

74 

55. 1 

Madruga . . . . 

58 

64.5 

Managua . A . 

2',  887 
8, 593 
3,207 

58 

49. 8 

Marianao . 

25 

343.  7 

Helena  del  Sur . 

137 

23. 4 

Nueva  Paz . 

1, 761 
1,101 

151 

51.4 

Pipian .  . 

66 

16.7 

Quivican . 

2, 423 
3, 293 
1, 855 
4,453 
1,915 

65 

37.3 

Salud . 

43 

76. 6 

San  Antonio  de  los  Vegas . 

42 

44.2 

San  Antonio  de  losDanos . 

30 

148.4 

San  Felipe . 

18 

111.9 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

4,154 

56 

74.2 

San  Nicolas . 

4, 568 

105 

43.5 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

2, 965 

81 

36 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

2, 730 

27 

100 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

10,276 

1 , 551 

29 

360 

52 

Tapaste . 

30 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2,  416 

14 

171 

MATANZAS  PROVINCE. 


Alacranes . 

8, 110 

322 

25 

Bolondron . 

9,179 
5,184 
1,993 
2,921 
3,174 
12, 195 

267 

34 

96 

62 

54 

Canasi . 

31 

Cardenas .  . .  . . 

56 

52 

Carlos  Rojas . 

71 

45 

Colon . 

114 

107 

Cuevitas . 

5, 807 
6,000 
5,853 
7, 529 

79 

71 

Guamacaro . 

159 

38 

Jague*y  Grande . 

326 

18 

123 

Jovellanos . 

61 

Los  Cayos . 

374 

(?) 

105 

(?) 

48 

43 

Macagua . 

5, 042 

Macuriges . 

10^  405 
8,531 
8, 908 
4,046 
2,158 

243 

Marti .  .  . 

362 

24 

Matanzas . 

320 

28 

Maximo  Gomez . 

152 

27 

Mendez  Capote . 

117 

28 

Palmillas . 

422 

18 

Peri  co . 

4,449 
4,464 
5,205 
6,765 
2, 965 

44 

101 

Roque . 

126 

35 

Sabanilla . 

77 

68 

San  Jos<3  de  los  Ramos . 

146 

46 

Santa  Ana . 

60 

49 

Union  de  Reyes . 

5, 226 

36 

145 

192 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  V. — Rural  population  excluding  cities  of  8, OOO  inhabitants  or  more ,  etc. — Cont’d. 

riNAR  DEL  RIO  PROVINCE. 


Districts. 

Rural 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Area  in 
square 
miles. 

Artemisa . 

9, 137 

181  ' 

Bahia  Honda . 

2, 117 

286 

Cabanas . 

3,853 
4,866 
7,399 
16, 665 
8,796 

89 

Candelaria . 

203 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

203  j 

Consolacidn  del  Sur . 

360 

Guana  jay . „ . 

12 

Guane* . 

14,760 

1, 155 
37 

Guayabal . 

2, 710 

Julian  Diaz . 

1,871 

103 

Los  Palacios . 

2, 456 

199 

Mantua . 

8, 366 
3,631 
29, 463 
4,263 
2,419 
1,137 

634 

Mariel . 

95 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

361 

San  Cristobal . 

235 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

202 

San  Diego  de  Nuiiez . 

138 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

14,787 

7,608 

17,700 

151 

San  Luis . 

154 

Vinales . 

208 

PUERTO  PRINCIPE  PROVINCE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

9,801 

9,630 

10,355 

28,038 

5,308 

1,603 
•  1,620 
1,034 
4,630 
1,162 

Moron . 

Nuevitas . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  . . . 

Density 

per 

square 

mile. 


51 

7 
■13 

•  24 
36 
46 
733 
13 
73 
18 
12 
13 
38 
81 
18 
12 

8 
% 
49 
85 


6 

C 

10 

f. 

5 


SANTA  CLARA  PROVINCE. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . . . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza  . 

Palmira . 

Placetas . 

Quemacjo  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti  SpiritUS . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas... 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 


3,995 

52 

77 

8, 650 

DO 

157 

13,419 

279 

48 

14,  495 

100 

145 

6,244 

180 

35 

6, 954 

337 

21 

29, 090 

2,119 

14 

3,825 

72 

53 

7,953 

50 

159 

7,811 

159 

49 

6, 527 

132 

49 

11,961 

226 

53 

8, 890 

167 

53 

7, 532 

161 

47 

5, 059 

40 

i  126 

9, 562 

153 

62 

8,614 

205 

42 

12, 832 

208 

62 

13,013 

1,262 

10 

5, 369 

95 

56 

6, 445 

67 

96 

5,600 

115 

48 

14,833 

158 

94 

12, 674 

540 

23 

9,603 

136 

71 

10,372 

291 

36 

13,150 

828 

16 

9,718 

442 

22 

DENSITY  OF  POPULATION 


193 


Table  V. — Rural  population  excluding  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants  or  more,  etc. — Cont’d. 

SANTIAGO  PROVINCE. 


Districts. 


Alto  Songo . 

Baracoa . 

Bayamo . 

Cainpechuela . 

Caney  . 

Cob  re . 

Gibara . 

Guantanamo . 

Holguin . 

Jiguani . 

Manzanillo . 

Mayari . 

Niqiiero . 

Palma  Soriano. . . . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

San  Luis . 

Santiago  de  Cuba. 


24662 - 13 


Rural 

popula- 

Area  in 
square 

Density 

per 

square 

Ctv7T1  • 

1111  1  Co* 

mile. 

12, 770 

450 

28 

21,944 

1, 676 

13 

21, 193 

1,034 

20 

7,369 

51 

144 

9, 126 

201 

46 

10. 707 

870 

12 

31,594 

466 

68 

28, 063 

1,216 

23 

34,506 

1,589 

22 

10, 495 

495 

21 

17,824 

491 

36 

8,504 

1,009 

8 

2,718 

145 

19 

12, 305 

244 

50 

19, 984 

1,215 

16 

5, 7% 

628 

9 

11,681 

68 

172 

2,388 

7 

341 

i 


i 


194 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  VI. — Sex,  general  nativity ,  and  color. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


* 

Provinces. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

1 

Habana  . 

424, 804 

221, 990 

202, 814 

243  619 

116,838 

126,  781 

68,  971 

54,162 

14,809 

2 

City  of  Habana. . . . 

235,  981 

123, 258 

112,  723 

115,532 

52,  950 

62, 592 

52, 901 

5 1,190 

11,711 

3 

Matanzas . 

202, 444 

103,  726 

98,718 

102,682 

50, 324 

52, 358 

15, 235 

11,850 

3, 385 

4 

Pinar  del  Bio . 

173, 064 

91,688 

81,376 

114,907 

58, 573 

56,  334 

10,  718 

9, 447 

1,271 

5 

Puerto  Principe . 

88,234 

44,899 

43, 335 

66,  349 

32, 575 

33,  774 

4,038 

3, 499 

539 

6 

Santa  Clara . 

356, 536 

189,  057 

167,479 

214,945 

106,771 

108, 174 

29, 823 

25, 336 

4,487 

7 

Santiago . 

327,715 

163,845 

163, 870 

167,  797 

82,292 

85, 505 

13,313 

11,446 

1,867 

8 

Cuba . 

1,572,797 

815, 205 

757, 592 

910, 299 

447,373 

462, 926 

142, 098 

115,740 

26, 358 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Districts. 

* 

All  clases. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

4 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

1 

A  (placate . 

3,163 

1,640 

1,523 

1 , 667 

826 

841 

205 

171 

34 

2 

Alquizar . 

8, 746 

4,814 

3, 932 

5, 472 

2, 837 

2,635 

833 

727 

106 

3 

Bainoa . 

1,725 

958 

767 

1,271 

690 

581 

74 

57 

17 

4 

Batabano . 

6, 523 

3, 600 

2, 923 

4,131 

2, 093 

2,038 

878 

764 

114 

5 

Bauta . 

5,142 

2,837 

2, 305 

3, 625 

1,932 

1,693 

440 

358 

82 

6 

Bejucal . 

5, 756 

2,738 

3,018 

4, 462 

2,019 

2, 413 

416 

306 

110 

7 

Cano . 

4,210 

2, 340 

1,870 

3, 328 

1,735 

1,593 

396 

335 

61 

8 

Casiguas . 

1,004 

561 

443 

667 

371 

296 

23 

19 

4 

9 

Catalina . 

2,718 

1,353 

1,365 

2, 040 

986 

1,054 

152 

113 

39 

10 

Ceiba  del  Aqua . 

2, 197 

1,174 

1,023 

1,748 

897 

851 

170 

125 

45 

11 

Guanabacoa . 

20, 080 

9, 805 

10, 275 

13, 1.50 

6, 307 

6, 843 

1,484 

1,113 

805 

371 

12 

City  of  Guanabacoa 

13, 965 

6, 529 

7,536 

8,232 

3, 757 

5,575 

1,091 

287 

13 

Guara . 

1,835 

925 

910 

1,395 

692 

703 

89 

62 

27 

14 

Guinea . 

11,394 

5,  725 

5, 669 

7, 092 

3, 379 

3,713 

833 

664 

169 

15 

Guira  de  Melena . 

11,548 

6, 486 

5, 062 

7,372 

3, 907 

3, 465 

1,221 

1,059 

162 

16 

Habana  . 

242, 055 

126,  775 

115,280 

119,816 

55, 193 

64, 623 

53, 877 

42, 008 

11,869 

17 

City  of  Habana _ 

235,  981 

123, 258 

112, 723 

115, 532 

52, 950 

62, 592 

52, 901 

51, 190 

11,711 

18 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3, 199 

1,782 

1,417 

2, 480 

1,309 

1,171 

198 

185 

13 

19 

Jaruco . 

4,076 

2, 152 

1,924 

3, 044 

1,574 

1,470 

206 

160 

46 

20 

Madruga . 

3,  744 

1,807 

1,937 

2, 423 

1,100 

1,323 

230 

182 

48 

21 

Managua  . 

2, 887 

1,549 

1,338 

2, 268 

1,206 

1,062 

110 

88 

22 

22 

Marianao . 

8,593 

4, 582 

4,011 

4,758 

2,307 

2, 451 

1,159 

932 

227 

23 

Melena  del  Sur . 

3, 207 

1,6.50 

1,557 

1,847 

941 

906 

126 

97 

29 

24 

Nueva  Paz . 

7,  761 

3,834 

3,927 

4,390 

2, 109 

2, 281 

377 

318 

59 

25 

Pipian . 

1,101 

582 

519 

962 

485 

477 

33 

28 

5 

26 

Quivican . 

2, 423 

1,236 

1,187 

1,772 

872 

900 

118 

120 

28 

27 

Regia . 

11,363 

5,  765 

5,598 

7,493 

3,512 

3,981 

1 , 666 

1,229 

437 

28 

Sal  ud . 

3, 293 

1,787 

1,506 

2, 874 

1,524 

1,350 

193 

151 

42 

29 

San  Antonio  de  las 
Vegas . 

1,855 

951 

904 

1,465 

717 

748 

55 

50 

5 

30 

San  Antonio  de  los 
Banos . 

12,631 

6,631 

6,000 

9, 377 

4,701 

4, 676 

1 , 220 

974 

246 

31 

San  Felipe . 

1,915 

939 

976 

1,209 

588 

621 

125 

87 

38 

32 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas. 

4, 154 

2,010 

2,114 

2, 965 

1,367 

1 , 598 

189 

155 

34 

33 

San  Nicolas . 

4,568 

2,543 

1,603 

2, 025 
1,362 

2,  797 

1 , 487 

1,310 

230 

204 

26 

III 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. 

2, 965 

1,705 

924 

781 

136 

97 

39 

35 

Santa  Maria  del  Ros¬ 
ario . 

2,  730 

1,410 

1,320 

2, 002 

1,029 

973 

108 

92 

16 

36 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas. 

10, 276 

5,270 

5,006 

7, 160 

3, 406 

3, 7.51 

1 , 202 

997 

205 

37 

Ta  paste . 

1,551 

849 

702 

1,2.50 

667 

583 

68 

58 

10 

38 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2,416 

1,297 

1,119 

2, 142 

1,119 

1,023 

101 

77 

24 

39 

The  province. . . . 

424,801 

221,990 

202, 814 

243, 619 

116,838 

126, 781 

68,971 

54, 162 

1 1,809 

SEX,  NATIVITY,  AND  COLOR.  195 

Table  V I . — -Sex,  general  nativity,  amid  color. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

54, 849 

23, 892 

30, 957 

53, 479 

23, 293 

30, 186 

3,886 

3, 805 

81 

1 

28, 750 

11,212 

17,538 

36,  00/, 

15, 179 

20, 825 

2,  79h 

2, 737 

57 

2 

47, 793 

22, 389 

25, 404 

32, 528 

14,964 

17, 564 

4,206 

4,199 

7 

3 

28, 811 

14, 495 

14,316 

18,025 

8, 598 

9, 427 

603 

575 

28 

4 

6, 975 

3, 590 

3, 385 

10, 400 

4,773 

5, 627 

472 

462 

10 

5 

48, 524 

24,717 

23, 807 

58, 050 

27, 061 

30, 989 

5,194 

5, 172 

22 

6 

47, 786 

22, 815 

24, 971 

98, 323 

46,811 

51 , 512 

496 

481 

15 

7 

234,738 

111,898 

122, 840 

270, 805 

125, 500 

145, 305 

14, 857 

14,694 

163 

8 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

900 

438 

462 

348 

162 

186 

43 

43 

1 

1,404 

701 

703 

996 

508 

488 

41 

41 

2 

204 

120 

84 

172 

87 

85 

4 

4 

3 

916 

449 

467 

548 

241 

304 

50 

50 

4 

673 

335 

338 

390 

198 

192 

14 

14 

5 

415 

177 

238 

454 

197 

257 

9 

9 

6 

276 

155 

121 

201 

106 

95 

9 

9 

7 

239 

136 

103 

73 

33 

40 

2 

2 

8 

319 

161 

158 

206 

92 

114 

i 

i 

9 

151 

84 

67 

126 

66 

60 

2 

2 

10 

2, 666 

1, 142 

1,524 

2, 714 

1,189 

1,525 

66 

54 

12 

11 

2,173 

89 4 

1,279 

2,  m 

1,025 

1,383 

61 

4  9 

12 

12 

225 

117 

108 

122 

50 

72 

4 

4 

13 

2,186 

1,036 

1,150 

1,145 

510 

635 

138 

136 

2 

14 

1,678 

845 

833 

1, 196 

594 

602 

81 

81 

15 

29,175 

11,456 

17,719 

36, 339 

15,327 

21,012 

2, 848 

2,791 

57 

16 

28,  750 

11,212 

17,538 

36, 00 4 

15, 179 

20, 825 

2, 79U 

2, 737 

57 

17 

267 

164 

103 

252 

122 

15U 

2 

2 

18 

425 

210 

215 

382 

191 

191 

19 

17 

2 

19 

717 

343 

374 

343 

151 

192 

31 

31 

20 

281 

143 

138 

227 

111 

116 

1 

1 

21 

1,390 

685 

705 

1,197 

571 

626 

89 

87 

2 

22 

877 

439 

438 

329 

145 

181 

28 

28 

23 

1,989 

896 

1,093 

912 

418 

494 

93 

93 

24 

76 

52 

24 

29 

16 

13 

1 

1 

25 

351 

168 

183 

146 

70 

76 

6 

6 

26 

1,138 

496 

642 

950 

412 

538 

116 

116 

27 

137 

71 

66 

89 

41 

48 

28 

238 

131 

107 

94 

50 

44 

3 

3 

29 

1,109 

535 

574 

905 

402 

503 

20 

19 

i 

30 

413 

185 

228 

158 

70 

88 

10 

9 

i 

31 

650 

331 

319 

312 

149 

163 

38 

38 

32 

1,027 

551 

476 

450 

237 

213 

64 

64 

33 

779 

388 

391 

316 

165 

151 

29 

29 

34 

379 

184 

195 

237 

102 

135 

4 

3 

i 

35 

912 

418 

494 

987 

437 

550 

15 

12 

3 

3(> 

160 

90 

70 

72 

33 

39 

1 

1 

37 

107 

60 

47 

62 

37 

25 

4 

4 

38 

54,849 

23, 892 

30, 957 

53, 479 

23, 293 

30, 186 

3,886 

3, 805 

81 

39 

196 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  VI. — Sex,  general  nativity,  and  coloi — Continued. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Districts. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

1 

Alacranes . 

8,110 

4,573 

3, 537 

3, 676 

1,972 

1,704 

496 

425 

71 

2 

Bolondron . 

9, 179 

4,850 

4, 329 

3,819 

1,947 

1,872 

789 

628 

161 

3 

Cabezas  . 

5,184 

2, 605 

2, 579 

3,687 

1,823 

1,864 

287 

198 

89 

4 

Canasi . 

1,993 

1,085 

908 

1,038 

579 

459 

81 

64 

17 

5 

Cardenas . 

24,861 

11,744 

13,117 

14, 085 

6,381 

7,704 

2,314 

1,792 

522 

6 

City  of  Cardenas. . . 

21,950 

10, 206 

11,735 

11,962 

5,308 

6, 655 

2,081 

1,625 

5  57 

7 

Carlos  Rojas . 

3,174 

1,615 

1, 559 

1,179 

592 

587 

174 

143 

31 

8 

Colon . 

12, 195 

6, 215 

5, 980 

5, 706 

2, 765 

2, 941 

824 

692 

132 

9 

Cuevitas . 

5, 807 

3,138 

2, 669 

3,037 

1,583 

1,454 

398 

331 

67 

10 

Guamacaro . 

6,000 

3,090 

2, 910 

2,  605 

1,299 

1,306 

359 

269 

90 

11 

Jagiiey  Grande. .  _ 

5,  853 

3, 092 

2,  761 

3, 674 

1,835 

1,839 

430 

359 

71 

12 

Jove  llanos . 

7, 529 

3,573 

3,956 

2, 835 

1,273 

1, 562 

411 

352 

59 

13 

Macagua . 

5,  042 

2, 665 

2,377 

2, 524 

1,258 

1,266 

191 

180 

11 

14 

Maeuriges . 

10,405 

5, 452 

4,953 

4, 003 

2, 043 

1, 960 

699 

551 

148 

15 

Marti . 

8, 905 

4,931 

3, 974 

4, 125 

2, 163 

1,962 

427 

370 

57 

16 

Matanzas . 

45, 282 

21,905 

23, 377 

27, 571 

12, 837 

14,734 

4, 512 

3, 290 

1 , 222 

17 

City  of  Matanzas  . . 

36, 37 5 

16, 926 

19, 55 8 

20, 931 

9,219 

11,712 

3,655 

2,695 

959 

18 

Maximo  Gomez . 

4,046 

2,102 

1,944 

1,788 

911 

877 

138 

'116 

22 

19 

Mendez  Copote . 

2, 158 

1 , 344 

814 

1,142 

676 

466 

126 

112 

14 

20 

Palmillas . 

7,647 

4, 155 

3, 492 

3,  337 

1,  728 

1,609 

427 

361 

66 

21 

Perico . 

4,449 

2, 486 

1,963 

1,662 

850 

812 

257 

213 

44 

22 

Roque . 

4,464 

2, 577 

1,887 

2, 0.56 

1,147 

909 

227 

196 

31 

23 

Sabanilla . 

5, 205 

2,  678 

2, 527 

2, 630 

1,354 

1,276 

401 

271 

130 

24 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

6,  765 

3, 652 

3,113 

2,673 

1,396 

1,277 

612 

446 

166 

25 

Santa  Ana . 

2, 965 

1 , 577 

1,388 

1,593 

819 

774 

251 

174 

77 

26 

Union  de  Reyes . 

5, 226 

2, 622 

2,604 

2, "237 

1,093 

1,144 

404 

317 

87 

27 

The  province  . . . 

202,444 

103, 726 

98,  718 

102, 682 

50, 324 

52, 358 

15, 235 

11,850 

3, 385 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  PEL  RIO. 


1 

Artemisa . 

9, 317 

5,013 

4,304 

5, 757 

2,978 

2, 779 

470 

421 

49 

2 

Bahia  Honda . 

2,117 

1,003 

1,114 

803 

401 

402 

62 

52 

10 

3 

Cabanas . 

3,853 

2, 143 

1,710 

1,313 

754 

559 

153 

127 

26 

4 

Candelaria . 

4,866 

2,620 

2, 246 

2, 939 

1,549 

1,390 

221 

188 

33 

5 

Consolacion  del  Norte 

7,399 

3, 945 

3, 454 

5,  233 

2, 720 

2, 513 

331 

291 

40 

6 

Consolacion  del  Sur.. 

16, 665 

8, 555 

8,110 

9, 842 

4,947 

4,  895 

664 

589 

75 

7 

Guanajay . 

8,  796 

4, 205 

4,591 

5,  646 

2, 593 

3, 053 

667 

501 

166 

8 

Guane . 

14,760 

8,400 

6,360 

11,023 

5,  987 

5, 036 

1, 177 

1,085 

92 

9 

Guayabal  . 

2,710 

1,439 

1,271 

888 

1,882 

949 

933 

240 

184 

56 

10 

Julian  Diaz . 

1,871 

983 

1,060 

551 

509 

46 

42 

4 

11 

Los  Palacios . 

2, 456 

1,303 

1,153 

1,473 

770 

703 

87 

82 

5 

12 

Mantua .  ... 

8, 366 

4,537 

3,829 

6,471 

3,372 

3,099 

468 

447 

21 

13 

Mariel . 

3, 631 

1,802 

1,829 

2, 151 

1,088 

1,063 

142 

114 

28 

14 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

38,  343 

20,082 

18,261 

26, 023 

12, 940 

13, 083 

2,759 

2,435 

324 

15 

City  of  Pinar  del 
Rio . 

8,880 

5,256 

5,625 

5,908 

2,175 

2,  733 

1,025 

S65 

161 

16 

San  Cristobal . 

4,263 

2, 276 

1,987 

2, 822 

1,468 

1, 354 

152 

144 

8 

17 

San  Diego  de  los 
Banos . 

2,419 

1,302 

1,117 

1,760 

917 

843 

75 

61 

11 

18 

San  Diego  de  Nunez.. 

1,137 

572 

565 

458 

248 

210 

45 

39 

6 

19 

San  Juan  y  Martinez. . 

14,787 

8,170 

6,617 

10,202 

5, 273 

4,  929 

1,300 

1,212 

88 

20 

San  Luis . 

7,608 

3, 988 

3,620 

5, 164 

2,601 

2,563 

477 

407 

70 

21 

Vinales . 

17,700 

9, 350 

8,3.50 

12,885 

6, 467 

6,418 

1,182 

1,026 

156 

22 

The  province. . . 

173, 064 

91,688 

81,  376 

114,  907 

58, 573 

56,334 

10,718 

9, 447 

1,271 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

9,801 

4,979 

4, 822 

8, 034 

3,999 

4,035 

313 

283 

30 

2 

Moron . 

9, 630 

4, 922 

4,708 

8,436 

4,269 

4,167 

197 

175 

22 

3 

Nuevitas . 

10,355 

5,888 

4, 467 

7, 121 

3, 615 

3, 506 

970 

859 

111 

4 

Puerto  Principe . 

53,140 

26,  225 

26, 915 

39, 196 

18,808 

20,388 

2, 259 

1,948 

311 

5 

City  of  Puerto 
Principe . 

25, 102 

10, 912 

15, 190 

16, 505 

6,  765 

9,751 

1,283 

1,085 

199 

6 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  ... 

5,308 

2,885 

2,423 

3, 562 

1,884 

1,678 

299 

234 

65 

7 

The  province  . . . 

88,23*1 

44,899 

43,  335 

66, 3*19 

32, 575 

33,774 

4,038 

3, 499 

539 

197 


SEX,  NATIVITY,  AND  COLOR. 


Table  VI. — Sex,  general  nativity,  and  color — Continued. 


[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

2,470 

1,305 

1,165 

1,240 

049 

597 

222 

222 

i 

2, 833 

1,341 

1,492 

1,495 

091 

804 

243 

243 

2 

750 

304 

392 

432 

198 

234 

22 

22 

3 

580 

280 

300 

270 

144 

120 

18 

18 

4 

3,981 

1, 519 

2,402 

4,082 

1,053 

2, 429 

399 

399 

5 

3, 599 

1,331 

2,268 

3,929 

1,575 

2,355 

369 

369 

0 

1 , 223 

580 

043 

550 

200 

290 

42 

40 

2 

7 

2,850 

1,329 

1,527 

2, 432 

1,052 

1,380 

‘ill 

377 

8 

1,470 

718 

752 

801 

405 

390 

101 

101 

9 

2,057 

988 

1,009 

880 

441 

445 

93 

93 

10 

973 

509 

404 

727 

340 

387 

49 

49 

11 

2, 077 

1,115 

1,502 

1,432 

004 

708 

174 

109 

5 

12 

1 , 345 

700 

039 

877 

410 

401 

105 

105 

13 

3,004 

1,779 

1,885 

1,777 

817 

900 

202 

262 

14 

2, 431 

1,210 

1,215 

1,403 

723 

740 

459 

459 

15 

5, 722 

2, 302 

3,300 

7,117 

3, 050 

4,001 

300 

300 

10 

/,,876 

1,889 

2,987 

6,580 

2,  780 

3, 800 

353 

353 

17 

1 , 350 

031 

725 

077 

357 

320 

87 

HI 

18 

028 

357 

271 

1^3 

130 

03 

09 

09 

19 

2,215 

1,122 

1,093 

1,351 

027 

724 

317 

317 

20 

1,421 

710 

711 

842 

440 

390 

207 

267 

21 

1,405 

743 

002 

593 

308 

285 

183 

183 

22 

1,512 

097 

815 

590 

290 

300 

60 

06 

23 

1,830 

921 

909 

1,471 

710 

701 

179 

179 

24 

701 

377 

384 

332 

179 

153 

28 

28 

25 

1,021 

720 

901 

880 

408 

472 

84 

84 

20 

47, 793 

22, 389 

25, 404 

32,528 

14, 904 

17, 504 

4, 200 

4,199 

7 

27 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


1,783 

920 

863 

1,262 

649 

613 

45 

45 

1 

700 

314 

452 

All 

227 

250 

9 

9 

2 

1 , 702 

802 

840 

588 

303 

285 

97 

97 

3 

1,0*22 

532 

490 

674 

341 

333 

10 

10 

4 

1,105 

562 

543 

721 

303 

358 

9 

9 

5 

3, 489 

1,729 

1,700 

2, 652 

1,272 

1,380 

18 

18 

0 

1,312 

500 

752 

1,100 

488 

012 

71 

03 

8 

7 

1,380 

732 

654 

1, 146 

568 

578 

28 

28 

8 

431 

225 

206 

152 

70 

70 

5 

5 

9 

531 

280 

251 

227 

103 

124 

7 

7 

10 

455 

232 

223 

419 

197 

222 

22 

22 

11 

928 

474 

454 

490 

241 

255 

3 

3 

12 

797 

359 

438 

527 

227 

300 

14 

14 

13 

0, 014 

3, 030 

2,  978 

3, 385 

1,525 

1,800 

102 

140 

10 

14 

1,668 

657 

1,011 

1,172 

553 

719 

107 

107 

15 

838 

451 

387 

443 

205 

238 

8 

8 

10 

355 

205 

150 

226 

110 

110 

3 

3 

17 

410 

170 

240 

198 

89 

109 

20 

20 

18 

2,118 

1, 124 

994 

1,151 

545 

000 

10 

10 

19 

1,217 

028 

589 

735 

341 

394 

15 

11 

4 

20 

2, 140 

1 , 094 

1,052 

1,440 

722 

724 

41 

41 

21 

28,811 

14,495 

14,310 

18,025 

8, 598 

9, 427 

003 

*  575 

28 

22 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


270 

144 

132 

1,167 

542 

025 

11 

11 

217 

113 

104 

774 

359 

415 

6 

0 

980 

620 

300 

948 

400 

488 

330 

328 

2 

5,158 

2, 509 

2, 649 

0, 404 

2, 845 

3, 559 

123 

115 

8 

3, 191 

1,320 

1,871 

5,051 

1,668 

2, 373 

82 

76 

6 

338 

198 

140 

1,107 

507 

540 

2 

2 

0, 975 

3, 590 

3,385 

10,400 

4,773 

5, 027 

472 

402 

10 

7 


198 


REPORT  ON  THK  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  VI. — Sex,  general  nativity ,  and  color — Continued. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Districts. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

Total. 

Male. 

Female 

1 

Ahrens . 

3, 995 

2, 112 

1,883 

2,227 

1,047 

1, 180 

404 

367 

37 

2 

Caibarien . 

8,  050 

4, 500 

4,144 

5, 620 

2, 599 

3, 021 

1,068 

903 

105 

3 

Calabazar  . 

13,419 

7, 552 

5, 807 

7, 000 

3,938 

3, 662 

1,016 

888 

128 

4 

Camajuani . 

14,495 

8, 407 

0,088 

7,933 

4,000 

3, 933 

3, 233 

2,490 

737 

5 

Cartagena . 

0, 244 

3, 553 

2,091 

3, 852 

2, 035 

1,817 

504 

480 

18 

6 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

6, 954 

3, 486 

3, 408 

4,190 

2, 109 

2, 081 

215 

185 

30 

7 

Cienfuegos . 

59, 128 

32. 173 

26, 955 

32, 209 

10,028 

16,181 

0, 376 

5, 537 

839 

8 

City  of  Cienfuegos. 

HO,  038 

14, 589 

15, 44 9 

15, 735 

7,01,5 

8, 690 

3,!f85 

2,900 

133 

585 

9 

Cifuentes . 

3, 825 

1,938 

1,887 

2, 4.50 

1,206 

1,244 

106 

33 

10 

Cruces . 

7, 953 

4,170 

3,  783 

4,084 

1,951 

2, 133 

715 

010 

99 

11 

Esperanza . 

7,811 

4,145 

3, 060 

5, 002 

2, 892 

2, 710 

262 

237 

25 

12 

Palmira . 

6, 527 

3, 509 

2, 958 

3,238 

1, 559 

1,079 

550 

533 

23 

13 

Placetas . 

11,901 

0, 481 

5, 480 

7, 214 

3,  559 

3, 055 

1,408 

1,141 

207 

14 

Quemado  de  Guines.. 

8,890 

4,  762 

4,128 

5, 737 

2, 893 

2, 844 

511 

443 

08 

15 

Rancho  Veloz . 

7,532 

4,024 

3, 508 

3, 823 

1,917 

1 , 900 

474 

400 

74 

10 

Ranchuelo . 

5, 059 

2, 521 

2, 538 

3, 007 

1,449 

1,018 

233 

221 

12 

17 

Rodas . 

9, 562 

5, 307 

4,195 

5, 427 

2,  704 

2, 663 

860 

767 

99 

18 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

21,342 

10, 907 

10,435 

11,709 

5, 582 

0, 127 

2,013 

1,708 

275 

19 

City  of  Sagua  la 

Urn  mil1 . 

12,  728 

6,163 

6, 565 

7,01,5 

3, 186 

3, 859 

1,137 

967 

170 

20 

San  Antonio  de  las 
Vueltas . 

12,832 

7,121 

5,711 

9, 363 

4,780 

4, 583 

1,804 

1,403 

401 

21 

Saneti  Spiritus . 

25,  709 

12,040 

13,063 

18, 738 

8, 770 

9,968 

COO 

589 

77 

22 

City  of  Saneti  Spir¬ 
itus  . 

12,  cm 

5, 030 

7,666 

8,170 

3, 166 

5, 064 

391 

345 

4 8 

23 

San  Diego  del  Valle . . 

5, 309 

2, 890 

2, 473 

4,098 

2,103 

1, 935 

212 

184 

28 

24 

San  Fernando . 

0, 445 

3,742 

2, 703 

4,176 

2, 242 

1,9:34 

594 

513 

81 

25 

San  J uan  de  las  Veras. 

5,  600 

2, 938 

2, 662 

4, 105 

2,094 

2,011 

189 

165 

24 

20 

San  Juan  de  los  Re- 
medios . 

14,833 

7, 005 

7, 228 

9,094 

4,355 

4,739 

1,436 

1,199 

237 

27 

Santa  Clara . 

28, 437 

14,582 

13, 855 

18,300 

8,994 

9, 306 

1,972 

1,058 

314 

28 

City  of  Santa  Clara 

13, 763 

6,262 

7,501 

8,276 

3, 501 

4 ,775 

915 

807 

108 

29 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 
Lajas . 

9,  003 

5, 000 

3,997 

4,872 

2,683 

2,189 

505 

509 

56 

30 

Santo  Domingo . 

10,372 

5, 496 

4, 876 

7,000 

3,591 

3, 409 

431 

374 

57 

31 

Trinidad . 

24, 271 

11,088 

12, 583 

13, 740 

0,688 

7,068 

539 

479 

00 

32 

City  of  Trinidad. . 

11, 120 

4, 516 

6,604 

5, 4  73 

2, 250 

3,223 

21,7 

207 

40 

33 

Yaguajay . 

9,  718 

5, 064 

4,054 

5,471 

2,883 

2,588 

1,305 

1,082 

223 

34 

The  province... 

350, 530 

189,057 

107, 479 

214, 945 

100, 771 

108, 174 

29,823 

25. 330 

4,487 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


1 

Alto  Songo . 

12, 770 

6, 525 

0, 245 

2,971 

1,544 

1,427 

232 

208 

24 

2 

Baracoa  . 

21,944 

11,141 

10,803 

9, 394 

4, 765 

4,  629 

G18 

542 

70 

3 

Bavamo . 

21,193 

10,311 

10,882 

11,110 

5, 380 

5, 724 

219 

207 

12 

4 

Campechuela . 

7, 369 

4,107 

3, 262 

3,971 

2, 151 

1,820 

318 

306 

12 

5 

Caney  . 

9, 126 

5,478 

3,048 

2, 610 

1,363 

1,253 

1,092 

1,029 

63 

0 

Cobre . 

10, 707 
1,194 

5, 443 
563 

5,204 

631 

2,259 

1,191 

243 

1,008 
'  267 

244 

999 

22 

n 

i 

Cristo . 

510 

77 

65 

12 

8 

Gibara . 

31,594 

10, 120 

15, 408 

24,244 

12, 104 

12, 080 

1,505 

1,194 

311 

9 

Guantanamo . 

28, 003 

14, 470 

13,587 

7,028 

3, 489 

3, 539 

1,843 

1,509 

274 

10 

Holguin . 

34, 500 

17,020 

17, 480 

29, 010 

14,468 

15, 142 

081 

573 

108 

11 

Jiguani . 

10,495 

5,104 

5,  391 

0,179 

3, 022 

3, 157 

03 

00 

3 

12 

Manzanillo . 

32, 288 

15, 600 

16,622 

18,115 

8,491 

9, 024 

1 , 224 

1,080 

144 

13 

City  of  Manzanillo. 

1U,  464 

6, 518 

7,91,6 

8,333 

3, 565 

4, 768 

919 

810 

109 

14 

Mayari . 

8,504 

4, 280 

4,224 

5,143 

2, 590 

2, 553 

134 

119 

15 

15 

Niquero  . 

2,  718 

i,  373 

1,345 

1,803 

940 

923 

62 

57 

5 

10 

Palma  Soriano . 

12,305 

0,390 

5,909 

5, 9-17 

3,001 

2,883 

128 

110 

12 

17 

Puerto  Padre . 

19, 984 

9, 940 

10,044 

14,059 

7, 279 

7,380 

267 

249 

18 

18 

Sagua  de  Tanamo _ 

5, 7% 

2, 973 

2, 823 

3,500 

1,759 

1,741 

83 

80 

3 

19 

San  Luis . 

11,081 

5, 805 

5, 870 

2,907 

1,440 

1,527 

405 

358 

107 

20 

Santiago  de  Cuba  .... 

45, 478 

21,118 

24, 300 

15,711 

0, 943 

8,708 

3,458 

2,  812 

040 

21 

City  of  Santiago  dr 
<  'n  ha . 

43, 090 

19, 922 

23, 168 

15,258 

6, 702 

8,  556 

3, 44 0 

2, 7  95 

645 

*>> 

The  province... 

327, 715 

103,845 

103,870 

107, 797 

82, 292 

85, 505 

13,313 

11,446 

1,807 

SEX,  NATIVITY,  AND  COLOR 


199 


Table  YL — Sex,  general  nativity,  and  color — Continued. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

7-18 

330 

418 

470 

223 

247 

146 

145 

1 

i 

819 

386 

433 

1 , 029 

504 

525 

114 

114 

2 

2,897 

1,571 

1 , 326 

1,577 

826 

751 

329 

329 

3 

1,642 

868 

774 

1,298 

654 

644 

389 

389 

4 

890 

519 

371 

928 

443 

485 

70 

70 

5 

1,291 

574 

717 

1,125 

485 

610 

133 

133 

6 

7,468 

3,856 

3,612 

11,888 

5, 570 

6,318 

1,187 

1,182 

5 

7 

3,  06S 

1,209 

1,859 

7,1,01 

3,090 

!,,  311 

31,9 

31,5 

4 

8 

673 

336 

337 

498 

225 

273 

38 

38 

9 

1,603 

787 

816 

1,326 

591 

735 

225 

225 

10 

579 

331 

248 

1,332 

649 

683 

36 

36 

11 

1,588 

828 

760 

990 

491 

496 

155 

155 

12 

1,335 

687 

648 

1 , 755 

845 

910 

249 

249 

13 

1,509 

759 

750 

932 

466 

466 

201 

201 

14 

2,142 

1,076 

1 , 066 

916 

454 

'  462 

177 

177 

15 

892 

432 

460 

834 

386 

448 

33 

33 

16 

1,399 

802 

597 

1 , 692 

856 

836 

178 

178 

17 

3, 790 

1,650 

2, 140 

3,244 

1,362 

1,882 

556 

545 

11 

18 

1,899 

738 

1, 161 

2, 2S1, 

916 

1,368 

363 

356 

fy 

/ 

i9 

747 

426 

321 

784 

378 

406 

74 

74 

20 

1,949 

904 

1,045 

4,315 

1,742 

2,573 

41 

41 

21 

987 

372 

615 

3,  111, 

1, 115 

1,999 

34 

34 

2-2 

275 

145 

130 

742 

362 

380 

42 

42 

23 

892 

556 

336 

770 

418 

352 

13 

13 

24 

237 

138 

99 

1,048 

520 

528 

21 

21 

25 

2,033 

957 

1,076 

2, 042 

870 

1,172 

228 

224 

4 

26 

2, 404 

1,161 

1,243 

5, 628 

2, 636 

2, 992 

133 

133 

27 

1,257 

500 

757 

3,217 

1,356 

1,861 

98 

9S 

28 

2, 598 

1,487 

1,111 

1,433 

792 

641 

135 

135 

29 

1,610 

783 

827 

1,197 

615 

582 

134 

133 

1 

30 

3,223 

1,619 

1,604 

6,  728 

2,867 

3,861 

35 

35 

31 

1,  126 

1,26 

700 

4, 21,9 

1,608 

2,61,1 

25 

25 

32 

1,291 

749 

542 

1,529 

828 

701 

122 

322 

33 

48, 524 

24, 717 

23, 807 

58, 050 

27, 061 

30, 989 

5,191 

5, 172 

22 

34 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


5, 456 

2, 721 

2,735 

4,106 

2,047 

2, 059 

5 

5 

1 

2, 294 

1,146 

1.148 

9,634 

4,684 

4,950 

4 

4 

2 

908 

428 

480 

8,954 

4,288 

4,666 

2 

2 

3 

274 

157 

117 

2, 775 

1,462 

1,313 

31 

31 

4 

1,917 

1,014 

903 

2,898 

1 , 469 

1,429 

3 

3 

5 

3, 647 

1,796 

1,851 

4, 554 

2, 231 

2, 323 

3 

3 

6 

226 

94 

132 

380 

160 

220 

1 

1 

7 

2, 083 

976 

1,107 

3, 682 

1,719 

1,963 

80 

73 

7 

« 

8,988 

4,345 

4,643 

10, 025 

4,891 

5, 131 

179 

179 

9 

962 

455 

507 

3, 248 

1,519 

1,729 

5 

5 

10 

360 

184 

176 

3,889 

.  1,834 

2, 055 

4 

4 

11 

1,719 

781 

938 

11,197 

5,283 

5,914 

33 

31 

2 

12 

1, 103 

44  0 

663 

4 ,083 

1,679 

2, 404 

26 

21, 

2 

13 

369 

197 

172 

2, 855 

1,371 

1,484 

3 

3 

14 

13 

8 

5 

780 

368 

412 

15 

1,812 

959 

853 

4,414 

2, 253 

2,161 

4 

4 

16 

1,090 

539 

551 

3, 952 

1,857 

2,095 

16 

16 

17 

650 

352 

298 

1 , 563 

782 

781 

18 

3, 621 

1,756 

1,865 

4, 621 

2, 244 

2,377 

7 

7 

19 

11,397 

4,907 

6, 490 

14,796 

6,346 

8, 450 

116 

110 

6 

20 

10,319 

4, 398 

5, 921 

13,  957 

5, 917 

8, 01,0 

116 

110 

6 

21 

47, 786 

22,815 

24,971 

98, 323 

46,811 

51,512 

496 

481 

15 

22 

200 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  VII.  —  Percentage  of  population  hy  sex,  general  nativity,  and  color. 


[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Districts. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Sex. 

Nativity  and  color. 

Male. 

Female. 

Native 

whites. 

Foreign 

whites. 

Colored. 

Aguacate . 

3,163 

51.8 

48.2 

52.7 

6.5 

40.8 

Alquizar . 

8,  746 

55.1 

44.9 

62.6 

9.5 

27.9 

Bainoa . 

1,725 

65.  5 

44.5 

73.7 

4.3 

22.0 

Batabano . 

6, 523 

55.2 

44.8 

63.3 

13.5 

23.2 

Bau  la . 

5, 142 

55.  2 

44.8 

70. 5 

8.6 

20.9 

Bejucal . 

5,  / Ob 

47.6 

52.4 

77. 5 

7.2 

15.3 

Cano . 

4,210 

55.  6 

44.4 

79.1 

9.4 

11.5 

Casiguas . 

1,004 

55.  9 

44.1 

66.4 

2.3 

31.3 

Catalina . 

2,  718 

49.8 

50.2 

75. 1 

5.6 

19.3 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

2,197 

53.4 

46.6 

79.6 

7. 7 

12.7 

Guanabacoa  . 

20, 080 

48.8 

51.2 

65.5 

7.4 

27.1 

City  of  Guanabacoa .  . 

IS,  965 

4  6.8 

53.2 

59 

7.8 

33.2 

Guara . 

1, 835 

50.4 

49.6 

76 

4.9 

19.1 

Guines . 

11,394 

50 

50 

62.2 

7.3 

30.5 

Guira  de  Melena . 

11,548 

56.2 

43.8 

63.8 

10.6 

25. 6 

Habana . 

242, 055 

52.4 

47.6 

49.5 

22.3 

28.2 

City  of  Habana . 

235,  981 

52.2 

4  7.8 

4  9 

22. 4 

28.6 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3,199 

55.  7 

44.3 

77. 5 

6.2 

16.3 

Jaruco . 

4,076 

52.8 

47.2 

74.  7 

5 

20.3 

Mad  ruga . 

3,744 

48.3 

51.7 

64.7 

6.2 

29.1 

Managua . 

2,887 

53.7 

46  3 

78.6 

3.8 

17.6 

Marianao . 

8,593 

53.4 

46.6 

55. 4 

13.5 

31.1 

Melena  del  Sur . 

3, 207 

51.4 

48.6 

57.6 

3.9 

38.5 

Nueva  Paz . 

7,761 

49.4 

50.6 

56.6 

4.9 

38.5 

Pipian . 

1,101 

52.9 

47.1 

87.4 

3 

9.6 

Quivic&n . 

2, 423 

51.1 

48.9 

73.1 

6.1 

20.8 

Regia . 

11,363 

50.7 

49.3 

65.9 

14.7 

19.4 

Salud . 

3, 293 

54.3 

45.  7 

87.3 

5.9 

6.8 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . 

1,855 

51.3 

48.7 

79 

2.9 

18.1 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . 

12,631 

52. 5 

47. 5 

74.2 

9.7 

16.1 

San  Felipe . 

1,915 

49 

51 

63.2 

6.5 

30.3 

San  Jos6  de  las  Lajas . 

4,154 

49.1 

50.9 

71.4 

4.5 

24.1 

San  Nicol&s . 

4, 568 

55.7 

44.3 

61.3 

5 

33.7 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

2,965 

54.1 

45.9 

57.8 

4.5 

37. 7 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

2,730 

51.6 

48.4 

73.3 

3.9 

22.8 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

10,276 

51.3 

48.7 

69.7 

11.7 

18.6 

Tapaste . 

1,551 

54. 7 

45.3 

80.6 

4.4 

15.0 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2, 416 

53.7 

46.3 

88.6 

4.2 

7.2 

The  province . 

424,804 

52.3 

47. 7 

57. 4 

16.2 

26. 4 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes . 

8,110 

56.4 

43.6 

45.3 

6.1 

48.0 

Bolondrdn . 

9,179 

52.8 

47.2 

41.6 

8.6 

49.8 

Cabezas . 

5,184 

50.2 

49.8 

71.1 

5.5 

23. 4 

Canasi . 

1,993 

54.4 

45.  6 

52. 1 

4.1 

43.8 

C&rdenas . 

24,861 

47.2 

52.8 

56.7 

9.3 

34.0 

City  of  Curt  ten  ax . 

21,91*0 

4  6.5 

53.5 

54.5 

9.5 

36. 0 

Carlos  Rojas . 

3,174 

50.9 

49.1 

37.1 

5. 5 

57.4 

Colon . 

12,195 

51 

49 

46.8 

6.8 

46. 4 

Cuevitas . 

5, 807 

54 

46 

52.3 

6.9 

40.8 

Guamacaro . 

6,000 

51.5 

48.5 

43.4 

6 

50. 6 

Jagiiey  Grande . 

5,853 

52.8 

47.2 

62.8 

7.3 

29.9 

.lovellanos . 

7,529 

47.5 

52. 5 

37.6 

5.5 

56. 9 

Ivos  Cavos . 

374 

79.1 

20.9 

48.9 

40.1 

11.0 

M  aeagua . 

5, 042 

52.9 

47.1 

50.1 

3.8 

46.1 

Macuriges . 

10,405 

52.4 

47.  6 

38.5 

6.7 

54.8 

Marti . 

8,531 

54.3 

45.  7 

46. 2 

3.3 

50.5 

Matanzas .  . 

45, 282 

48.4 

51.6 

60.9 

10 

29. 1 

City  of  Matanzas . 

36, 37 4 

46.5 

53.  5 

57.6 

10 

32.  4 

M:iximo-G6mez . 

4,046 

52 

48 

44. 2 

3.4 

62.4 

Mendez  Cu|>ote .  . 

2, 158 

62.3 

37.7 

52. 9 

5. 8 

41.3 

Pal  mi  lias . 

7, 647 

54. 3 

45.7 

43.6 

5.6 

50.8 

Peri  co . 

4,449 

55. 9 

44.1 

37.3 

5.8 

56.9 

Roque  . 

4.464 

57.  7 

42. 3 

46 

5.1 

48.9 

Sabanilla . 

5, 205 

51.5 

48.5 

50. 5 

/.  / 

41.8 

San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos . 

6, 765 

54 

46 

39.5 

9.1 

51.4 

Santa  Ana . 

2, 965 

53.2 

46.8 

53.  7 

8.5 

37.8 

5, 226 

50. 2 

49.8 

42.8 

7. 7 

49.5 

The  province . 

202, 44 1 

51 . 2 

48.8 

fSO.  7 

7.5 

41.8 

SEX,  NATIVITY,  AND  COLOR 


201 


Table  VII. — Percentage  of  population  hy  sex ,  general  nativity,  and  color — Continued. 
[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 

PROVINCE  OF  PIXAR  DEL  RIO. 


Districts. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Sex. 

Nativity  and  color. 

Male. 

Female. 

Native 

whites. 

Foreign 

whites. 

Colored. 

Artemisa . 

9, 317 

53.8 

46.2 

61.8 

5. 1 

33.1 

Bahia  Honda . 

2,117 

47.4 

52. 6 

37.9 

3 

59.1 

Cabanas . 

3,853 

55.  7 

44.3 

34.1 

3.9 

62.0 

Candelaria . 

4, 856 

53.9 

46.1 

60.4 

4.6 

35.0 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

7,  399 

53.3 

46.7 

70.7 

4. 5 

24.8 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

16, 665 

51.3 

48.7 

59 

4 

37.0 

Guanajay . 

Guane . 

8,  796 

47.8 

52.2 

64.2 

7.6 

28.2 

14, 760 

56.9 

43.1 

74.  7 

8 

17.3 

Guayabal . 

2,710 

53.1 

46.9 

69.4 

8.9 

21.7 

Julian  Diaz . 

1,871 

52.5 

47.5 

56.6 

2.5 

40.9 

Los  Palacios . 

2,456 

53.1 

46.9 

60 

3.5 

36.5 

Mdntua . 

8, 366 

45.8 

54.2 

77.3 

5.6 

17.1 

Mariel . 

3,631 

49.6 

50.4 

59.2 

3.9 

36.9 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

38, 343 

52. 3 

47.  7 

67.9 

7.2 

24. 9 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio . 

8,880 

47.8 

52. 1 

55.3 

11.5 

33.2 

San  Cristobal . 

4,263 

53.4 

46. 6 

66.2 

3.6 

30.2 

San  Diego  de  los  Baiios . - . 

2,419 

53.  8 

46.2 

72.8 

3.1 

24. 1 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

1,137 

50.3 

49.7 

40.3 

4 

55.  7 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

14,787 

55.3 

44.7 

69 

8.8 

22. 2 

San  Luis . 

7, 608 

52. 4 

47.6 

67.9 

6.3 

25.8 

Vinales . 

17,700 

52. 8 

47.2 

72.8 

6.7 

20.5 

The  province . 

173, 064 

53 

47 

66.4 

6.2 

27 .4 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

9,801 

50.8 

49.2 

82 

3.2 

14.8 

Moron . 

9,630 

51.1 

48.9 

87.6 

2 

10.4 

Nue  vitas . 

10, 355 

56.8 

43.2 

68.8 

9.4 

21.8 

Puerto  Principe . 

53, 140 

49.4 

50.6 

73.8 

4.2 

22.0 

City  of  Puerto  Principe . 

25, 102 

4  3.5 

56.5 

65.8 

5.1 

29. 1 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

5, 308 

54.4 

45. 6 

67.1 

5.6 

27.3 

The  province . 

88, 234 

50.9 

49.1 

75. 2 

4.6 

20.2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Ahrens . 

3, 995 

52.  9 

47.1 

55. 8 

10.1 

34.1 

Caibarien . 

8,650 

52.1 

47.9 

65 

12.3 

22.7 

Calabazar . ■ . 

13,419 

56.3 

43.7 

56.6 

7.6 

35.8 

Camajuani . 

14, 495 

58 

42 

54.7 

22. 3 

23.0 

Cartagena .  ... 

6,244 

56.  9 

43.1 

61.7 

8  1 

30.2 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

6,954 

50.1 

49.9 

60.2 

3.  1 

36.7 

Cienfuegos . . 

59, 128 

54.4 

45. 6 

54.5 

10.8 

34.7 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

30, 038 

1,8.6 

51. 4 

52.  4 

11.6 

36.0 

Cifuentes . 

3, 825 

50.  7 

49.3 

64.1 

4.3 

31 . 6 

Cruces  . 

7, 953 

52.4 

47.6 

51.3 

9 

39.7 

Esperanza . 

7,811 

53.1 

46.9 

71.7 

3.4 

24.9 

Palmira . 

6, 527 

54.  7 

45.3 

49. 6 

8.5 

41.9 

Placetas . 

11,961 

54.2 

45.8 

60.3 

11.8 

27.9 

Quemado  de  Guinea . 

8,890 

53.  6 

46. 4 

64.6 

5.7 

29.  7 

Rancho  Veloz . 

7, 532 

53. 4 

46.6 

50.8 

6.3 

42.9 

Ranch  uelo . 

5, 059 

49. 8 

50. 2 

60. 6 

4.6 

34.8 

Rod  as . 

9, 562 

56. 1 

43.9 

56.  7 

9.1 

34.2 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

21,342 

51.1 

48.9 

54.  9 

9.6 

35. 5 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande . 

12, 728 

r,8. 4 

51.6 

55.  4 

8.9 

35.7 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas . 

12, 832 

55.  5 

44.5 

73 

14.5 

12. 5 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

25, 709 

46.9 

53.1 

72.9 

2.6 

24.5 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus . 

12, 696 

39. 6 

60.  4 

65.3 

3.  1 

32.6 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

5,  369 

53.9 

46. 1 

76. 3 

4 

19.7 

San  F'ernando . 

6, 445 

58.1 

41.9 

64.8 

9.2 

26.0 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

5, 600 

52. 5 

47.5 

73.3 

3.4 

23.3 

San  Juan  de  los  ltemedios . 

14,833 

51.3 

48.7 

61.3 

9.7 

29.0 

Santa  Clara . 

28, 437 

51.3 

48.7 

64.4 

6.9 

28.7 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

13,  763 

1,5.  5 

54. 5 

60. 1 

6.7 

33.2 

Santa  isabel  de  las  Lajas . 

9,603 

58.4 

41.6 

50.7 

5. 9 

43.4 

Santo  Domingo . 

10,372 

53 

47 

67.5 

4.2 

28.3 

Trinidad . 

24, 271 

48.2 

51.8 

56.6 

2.2 

41.2 

City  oj  Trinidad . 

11,120 

1,0.6 

59.  4 

1,9.2 

2.2 

1,8.6 

Yaguajay . 

9,718 

58.3 

41.7 

56.3 

13.4 

30.3 

The  province . 

356, 536 

53 

47 

60.3 

8.4 

31.3 

202  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  VII. — Percentage  of  population  hy  sex,  general  nativity,  and  coloi — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Sex. 

Nativity  and  color. 

Male. 

Female. 

Native 

whites. 

Foreign 

whites. 

Colored. 

Alto  del  Songo . 

12, 770 

51.1 

48.9 

23.3 

1.8 

74.9 

Baracoa . 

21,944 

50. 8 

49.2 

42. 8 

2.8 

54. 4 

Bavamo . 

21,193 

48.  7 

51.3 

52. 4 

1 

46.6 

Campechuela . 

7, 369 

55.  7 

44.3 

53. 9 

4.3 

41.8 

Caney . 

9, 126 

60 

40 

28.7 

18.5 

52.8 

Cobre . 

10,707 

50. 8 

49. 2 

21 

2.3 

76. 7 

Cristo . .• . 

1,194 

47.2 

52. 8 

42.7 

6.4 

50. 9 

Gibara  . 

31,594 

51 

49 

76.7 

4.8 

18.5 

Guantanamo .  . 

28, 063 

51.6 

48.4 

25. 1 

6. 9 

68.0 

Holguin . 

34,506 

49.3 

50.7 

85.8 

2 

12. 2 

Jiguani  . 

10, 495 

48.6 

51. 4 

58. 9 

.6 

40. 5 

Manzanillo . 

32, 288 

48. 5 

51.5 

56.1 

3.8 

40.1 

City  of  Manzan  illo . 

14,464 

45. 1 

54. 9 

57.6 

6.4 

36.0 

Mayari . 

8, 504 

50. 3 

49.  7 

60.  5 

1.6 

37. 9 

Niqviero . 

2,  718 

50. 5 

49.5 

68. 6 

2.3 

29.1 

Palma  Soriano . 

12, 305 

52 

48 

48. 3 

1 

50.7 

Puerto  Padre . 

19, 984 

49.  7 

50.3 

73.4 

1.3 

25. 3 

Sagua  de  T&namo . — 

5, 796 

51.3 

48.7 

60. 4 

1.4 

38.2 

San  Luis . 

11,681 

49.7 

50. 3 

25.4 

4 

70.6 

Santiago  de  Cuba . . . 

45,  478 

46.4 

53.6 

34.5 

7.6 

57.9 

City  of  Santiago . 

4 3, 090 

4  6.2 

53.8 

35. 4 

8 

56.6 

The  province . 

327,  715 

50 

50 

51.20 

4.09 

44.71 

Table  VIII. — Age  and  sex. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Age  and  sex. 


Provinces. 

Total 

popula- 

tion. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  17  years. 

18  to  20 
years. 

21  to  44 
years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Habana . 

City  of  Habana . 

Matanzas . 

424, 801 
235, 981 
202, 444 
173,064 
88, 234 
356, 536 
327,715 

15, 312 
8,  700 
8, 073 
8,133 
5, 054 
13,058 
16,274 

15,  585 
9, 091 
7, 995 
7, 681 
4,788 
13,043 
15, 882 

63, 562 
30,  615 
33,530 
32, 741 
17,197 
63, 637 
66,214 

64, 127 
.11,2  IS 

33. 939 
31,915 

16.940 
63, 452 
65, 674 

16,069 
8,638 
6, 528 
7,064 
2,467 
12,249 
10, 050 

15,512 
8,  052 
7, 527 
7,162 
2,  727 
12,706 
11,514 

95, 578 
57,382 
35, 690 
32, 725 
13, 031 
70. 937 
49, 804 

77, 503 
45, 022 
33, 969 
26, 944 
12,  149 
56, 420 
48, 872 

31,469 
17,923 
19,905 
11,025 
7,1.50 
29, 176 
21,. 503 

30, 087 
18, 340 
15,288 
7, 674 
6,  13.1 
21,858 
21,928 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Cuba . 

1 , 572, 797 j 65, 904 

64, 974 

276, 881 

276, 047 

54,427 

57, 148 

297, 765 

256, 157 

120, 228  103, 266 

1 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Districts. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Age  and  sex. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  17 

years. 

18  to  20 
years. 

21  to  44 
years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Aguacate  . 

3,163 

94 

105 

564 

541 

145 

132 

629 

587 

208 

15S 

Alquizar . 

8, 746 

327 

327 

1 , 522 

1 , 422 

420 

327 

1,947 

1,383 

598 

473 

Bainoa . 

1,725 

53 

36 

321 

307 

81 

63 

395 

289 

108 

72 

Batabano . 

6,523 

254 

256 

1,112 

1 , 072 

269 

227 

1,477 

1,018 

488 

320 

Bauto . 

5,142 

158 

152 

951 

Kh5 

230 

179 

1,  101 

814 

394 

275 

Bejucal . 

5, 756 

199 

218 

926 

1,017 

193 

254 

1,088 

1,091 

332 

408 

Cano . 

4,210 

137 

159 

760 

C96 

220 

120 

016 

678 

'111 

217 

Casiguas  . 

1,001 

33 

19 

186 

176 

56 

50 

234 

162 

52 

36 

Catalina . 

2,718 

63 

85 

552 

520 

103 

133 

468 

477 

167 

150 

Ceiba  del  Ague . 

2, 197 

82 

85 

111 

358 

97 

88 

452 

383 

132 

109 

Guanabacoa . 

20, 080 

723 

690 

3,3».0 

3, 308 

711 

862 

3. 668 

3, 826 

1,343 

1 , 590 

City  of  Unanabaroa  . 

13, 965 

512 

478 

2,  195 

mo 

473 

598 

2, 1,29 

2, 857 

920 

1, 213 

AGE  AND  SEX 


203 


Table  VIII. — Age  and  sex — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  HAB  AN  A— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Age  and  sex. 


Districts. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  17 

years. 

18  to  20 
years. 

21  to  44 
years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Guara . 

1,835 

61 

66 

391 

348 

76 

83 

317 

330 

80 

83 

Guines . 

11,394 

309 

298 

1 , 982 

1,990 

403 

529 

2, 210 

2,076 

821 

776 

Guira  de  Helena . 

11,548 

4.54 

403 

2, 033 

1,886 

588 

427 

2, 547 

1,710 

864 

636 

Hahana  . 

242, 055 

8, 909 

9,292 

31,630 

33,123 

8,914 

8, 254 

58, 880 

45, 931 

18,442 

18, 680 

City  of  Habana . 

235, 9S1 

8, 700 

9,091 

30, 615 

32, 218 

8, 638 

8, 052 

57, 382 

45, 022 

17,923 

18, 340 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3,199 

195 

158 

547 

528 

106 

97 

671 

473 

263 

161 

Jarueo . 

4,07(1 

112 

102 

826 

757 

159 

154 

790 

711 

265 

200 

Mad  ruga . 

3, 744 

96 

117 

666 

690 

139 

162 

621 

703 

285 

265 

Managua . 

2, 887 

94 

103 

574 

517 

126 

127 

564 

451 

191 

140 

Marianao  . 

8,593 

341 

313 

1,296 

1,300 

328 

296 

1,881 

1,446 

736 

656 

Helena  del  Sur . 

3, 207 

106 

116 

601 

570 

96 

144 

591 

553 

256 

174 

Neuva  Paz . 

7,761 

287 

296 

1,317 

1 , 349 

206 

297 

1,385 

1,418 

639 

567 

PTpian . 

Quivican . 

1,101 

17 

26 

210 

215 

43 

46 

241 

182 

71 

50 

2, 423 

82 

71 

449 

468 

90 

.  89 

443 

423 

172 

136 

Regia  . 

11,363 

444 

445 

1,787 

1,842 

374 

394 

2, 304 

2, 134 

8.56 

783 

Salud  . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Ve- 

3, 293 

106 

108 

656 

604 

151 

133 

692 

521 

182 

140 

gas . 

San  Antonio  de  los 

1,855 

67 

62 

383 

337 

69 

90 

310 

318 

122 

97 

Banos . 

12, 631 

496 

470 

2,167 

2, 1 17 

537 

514 

2, 596 

2,086 

835 

783 

San  Felipe . 

1,915 

73 

66 

369 

338 

50 

59 

312 

368 

135 

145 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas  . . . 

4,154 

136 

116 

769 

764 

130 

186 

704 

765 

301 

283 

San  Nicolas . 

4, 568 

142 

167 

847 

719 

161 

182 

990 

680 

403 

277 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. . . 

2, 965 

68 

78 

550 

496 

124 

137 

603 

493 

258 

158 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. 

2, 730 

84 

59 

495 

502 

117 

130 

531 

465 

183 

164 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  . . 

10, 276 

392 

407 

1,579 

1 , 635 

380 

394 

2,170 

1,837 

749 

733 

Ta  paste . 

1,551 

36 

31 

285 

272 

71 

68 

362 

271 

95 

60 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2,416 

82 

83 

488 

398 

106 

85 

455 

421 

166 

132 

The  province . 

424, 804 

15,31215, 585 

63, 562 

64, 127 

16,069 

15, 512 

95, 578 

77, 503 

31,469 

30, 087 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes  . 

8,110 

307 

275 

1, 336 

1,215 

343 

258 

1,710 

1,238 

877 

551 

Bolondron . 

9,179 

353 

380 

1,473 

1,445 

258 

304 

1,785 

1, 555 

981 

645 

Cabezas  . 

5,184 

185 

188 

965 

972 

205 

251 

898 

864 

352 

304 

Canasi . 

1,993 

39 

48 

369 

343 

78 

67 

394 

314 

205 

136 

Cardenas . 

24, 861 

1,024 

1,002 

3, 923 

4,471 

708 

1,019 

4,101 

4,600 

1,988 

2,025 

City  of  Cardenas _ 

21,9/40 

913 

890 

3, 383 

3, 955 

610 

915 

3,582 

5, 151 

1,718 

1,825 

Carlos  Rojas . 

3,174 

134 

153 

561 

496 

98 

99 

444 

484 

378 

327 

Colon . 

12,195 

477 

573 

1,996 

2, 122 

367 

440 

2, 121 

2,006 

1,254 

839 

Cuevitas . 

5, 807 

244 

236 

1,0*22 

924 

203 

205 

1,008 

898 

661 

406 

Guamacaro . 

6,000 

237 

267 

993 

988 

189 

225 

981 

914 

690 

516 

Jagiiey  Grande . 

5, 853 

266 

227 

1,023 

1,135 

202 

214 

1,155 

905 

446 

280 

Jovellanos . 

7, 529 

317 

319 

1,162 

1,265 

172 

316 

1,134 

1,377 

788 

679 

Maeagua . 

5, 042 

206 

199 

908 

915 

163 

178 

919 

788 

469 

297 

Macuriges . 

10, 405 

428 

413 

1,642 

1,585 

367 

374 

1 , 854 

1,732 

1,161 

849 

Marti . 

8,  905 

413 

390 

1,490 

1,423 

281 

292 

1,489 

1,232 

1,258 

637 

Matanzas . 

45. 282 

1,632 

1,670 

7,486 

7,721 

1,429 

1,839 

8,014 

8, 557 

3,344 

3, 590 

City  of  Matanzas _ 

36',  374 

1,390 

1,509 

5, 695 

6,209 

1,051 

1,593 

6,125 

7,209 

2,667 

3. 128 

Maximo  Gomez . 

4,046 

166 

144 

633 

642 

134 

167 

682 

631 

487 

360 

Mendez  Capote . 

2, 158 

62 

55 

414 

270 

77 

56 

451 

297 

340 

136 

Palmillas . 

7, 647 

356 

295 

1 , 320 

1,294 

216 

274 

1,279 

1,138 

984 

491 

Perico . 

4,449 

189 

168 

655 

621 

162 

152 

850 

713 

630 

309 

Roque  . 

4,464 

140 

142 

718 

670 

186 

102 

905 

667 

628 

306 

Sabanilla  . 

5, 205 

226 

215 

820 

856 

205 

176 

866 

797 

561 

483 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos.. 

6, 765 

339 

307 

1,212 

1,143 

212 

212 

1,171 

934 

718 

517 

Santa  Ana . 

2,965 

125 

110 

526 

508 

95 

89 

536 

436 

295 

245 

Union  de  Reyes . 

5, 226 

208 

219 

883 

915 

178 

218 

943 

892 

410 

360 

The  province . 

202, 444 

8,073 

7, 995 

33, 530 

33, 939 

6,  528 

7,527 

35, 690 

33, 969 

19,905 

15,  288 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

9,317 

298 

280 

1,732 

1,561 

405 

395 

1 , 933 

1 , 574 

645 

494 

Bahia  Honda . 

2,117 

82 

st; 

387 

391 

49 

96 

328 

384 

157 

157 

Cabanas . 

3, 853 

102 

97 

615 

572 

166 

123 

834 

633 

426 

285 

Candelaria . 

4,866 

156 

141 

964 

882 

208 

183 

992 

823 

300 

215 

Consolacion  del  Norte.. 

7, 399 

362 

338 

1,549 

1 , 496 

326 

323 

1 , 329 

1,072 

379 

221 

Consolaeion  del  Sur  .... 

16, 665 

755 

765 

3,278 

3, 242 

673 

726 

2,  805 

2, 626 

1,044 

757 

204 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  VIII. — Age  and  sex — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Age  and  sex. 


Provinces. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  17 

years. 

18  to  20 
years. 

21  to  44 
years. 

45  years  and 
'  over. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

• 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Guanajay . 

8,  796 

370 

354 

1,520 

1 , 552 

257 

399 

1, 455 

1, 675 

603 

611 

Guane . 

14,760 

549 

499 

2,  798 

2, 585 

713 

637 

3,  569 

2, 165 

771 

474 

Guayabal . 

2,  710 

91 

90 

521 

493 

138 

122 

487 

421 

202 

145 

Julian  Diaz . 

1,871 

60 

64 

400 

380 

75 

82 

345 

284 

103 

78 

Ixis  Palacios . 

2, 456 

/  / 

74 

498 

466 

101 

131 

503 

401 

124 

81 

Mantua . 

8, 366 

380 

344 

1,631 

1,629 

375 

370 

1,741 

1,207 

410 

279 

Mariel . 

3,631 

130 

145 

619 

614 

122 

138 

635 

662 

296 

270 

l’inar  del  Rio . 

38,343 

2, 252 

2, 127 

7, 022 

6, 999 

1,428 

1,539 

6,774 

5, 936 

2, 606 

1,660 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 

8, 880 

4  06 

4  00 

1,312 

1,563 

288 

4  27 

1,651 

1,  764 

509 

4  70 

San  Cristobal . 

4,263 

122 

101 

836 

827 

200 

205 

885 

714 

233 

no 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos. 

2,419 

74 

89 

490 

421 

105 

93 

508 

399 

125 

115 

San  Diego  de  Nunez. . . . 

1,137 

39 

47 

202 

185 

33 

35 

169 

174 

129 

124 

San  Juan  v  Martinez _ 

14, 787 

736 

630 

2,873 

2,689 

699 

575 

2,942 

2, 141 

920 

582 

San  Luis . 

7,  608 

425 

405 

1, 457 

1,431 

285 

295 

1,331 

1,179 

490 

310 

Vinales . 

17,704 

1,073 

1,005 

3,349 

3,500 

706 

695 

3,160 

2, 474 

1,062 

676 

The  province . 

173,064 

8, 133 

7,681 

32, 741 

31,915 

7, 064 

7, 162 

32, 725 

26, 944 

11,025 

7,674 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

9,801 

573 

501 

2,178 

2, 180 

262 

311 

1,334 

1,294 

632 

536 

Moron . 

9, 630 

538 

487 

2,165 

2,088 

276 

314 

1,311 

1,300 

632 

519 

Nuevitas . 

10, 355 

526 

471 

1, 792 

1, 763 

355 

306 

2, 188 

1,332 

1,027 

595 

Puerto  Principe . 

City  of  Puerto  Prin- 

53, 140 

3,049 

2,987 

9,970 

9,877 

1,410 

1, 629 

7, 376 

7, 928 

4, 420 

4,494 

cipe . 

25, 102 
5, 308 

1,181 

1,171 

3, 909 

4, 508 

610 

918 

3, 316 

4, 675 

1,896 

439 

2, 918 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

368 

342 

1,092 

1,032 

164 

167 

822 

595 

287 

The  province . 

88,234 

5, 054 

4,788 

17, 197 

16,940 

2,467 

2'727 

13,031 

12, 449 

7,150 

6, 431 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . 

3, 995 

158 

180 

679 

762 

116 

140 

/ 10 

534 

384 

267 

Caibarien . 

8,650 

439 

406 

1,507 

1,577 

263 

299 

1,629 

1,339 

668 

523 

Calabazar . 

13,419 

475 

458 

2,311 

2,200 

471 

498 

2,897 

2, 020 

1,398 

691 

Camajuani . 

14,495 

547 

576 

2, 470 

2,366 

634 

427 

3,623 

2,091 

1,133 

628 

Cartegena . 

6, 244 

192 

215 

1,107 

1,087 

225 

222 

1,514 

894 

515 

273 

Cejade  Pablo . 

6,951 

391 

375 

1,292 

1,334 

177 

231 

958 

1,022 

668 

506 

Cienfuegos . 

59, 128 

2,254 

2,214 

9,978 

9,775 

2,084 

2, 063 

12,827 

9, 357 

5, 080 

3,546 

City  of  Cienfuegos... 

30, 038 

1,2U8 

1.301, 

4,642 

5,144 

950 

1,177 

5 , 677 

5, 51,3 

2,072 

2,281 

Cifuentes . 

3, 825 

156 

143 

715 

703 

84 

151 

676 

672 

307 

218 

Cruces . 

7,953 

262 

270 

1,305 

1,422 

240 

291 

1,590 

1,290 

773 

510 

Esperanza  . 

7,811 

237 

215 

1,524 

1,450 

305 

315 

1,594 

1,307 

485 

379 

Palmira . 

6, 527 

270 

251 

1,125 

1,149 

213 

236 

1,308 

889 

053 

433 

Placetas . 

11.961 

418 

416 

2, 157 

2, 173 

402 

372 

2,496 

1,901 

1,008 

618 

Quemado  de  Guines. . . . 

8,890 

390 

316 

1,589 

1,598 

304 

306 

1,664 

1,414 

815 

494 

Rancho  Veloz . 

7,532 

317 

337 

1,343 

1,3:18 

196 

270 

1,291 

.1,047 

877 

516 

Ranchuelo . 

5, 059 

181 

185 

933 

1,020 

145 

194 

915 

861 

347 

278 

Rod  as . 

9, 562 

357 

413 

1 .  /  3o 

1 , 693 

347 

325 

2, 066 

1,295 

862 

469 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la 

21,342 

82*2 

892 

3, 513 

3, 746 

660 

790 

3, 997 

3, 621 

1.915 

1,386 

Grande . 

San  Antonio  de  las 

12, 72S 

455 

521 

2, 07!, 

2, 312 

355 

501 

2, 129 

2, 315 

1, 110 

'916 

Vueltas . 

12,832 

478 

491 

2, 492 

2,345 

519 

427 

2, 765 

1,906 

867 

542 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

25, 709 

793 

877 

5, 068 

5, 205 

709 

881 

3, 613 

4,308 

1 , 863 

2, 392 

Cit  y  of  Si  met  i  So  i  ri  t  u  s 

12, 696 

370 

1,56 

2,202 

2, 572 

283 

515 

U,2S 

!,  539 

/  4/ 

1,58!, 

San  Diego  del  Valle - 

5, 369 

171 

131 

1,006 

964) 

186 

218 

1,167 

903 

360 

27)8 

San  Fernando . 

6, 445 

207 

206 

1,275 

1,180 

253 

197 

1,516 

831 

491 

289 

San  Juan  de  las  Veras.. 
San  Juan  de  los  Reme- 

5, 600 

213 

194 

1,124 

1,110 

205 

212 

1,051 

891 

345 

255 

dios . 

14,833 

533 

576 

2, 469 

2, 655 

493 

514 

2, 830 

2,  376 

1,274 

1,107 

Santa  Clara . 

28, 437 

843 

782 

5, 145 

6, 164 

1,062 

1,095 

5, 694 

5, 010 

1,838 

1 , 804 

City  of  Santa  Clara.. 

13, 763 

444 

',30 

2, 217 

2,528 

448 

593 

2, 373 

2,813 

7  80 

1,137 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas 

9, 603 

248 

264 

1,679 

1,448 

477 

341 

2,309 

1.433 

893 

511 

Santo  Domingo . 

10,372 

345 

292 

1,849 

1,920 

318 

381 

2, 125 

1,715 

839 

568 

Tinidad  . 

24,271 

925 

934 

4,527 

1,602 

746 

1,010 

3,733 

4,199 

1 , 757 

1,938 

City  of  Trinidad . 

11,120 

4  78 

505 

1,87  4 

2,141 

256 

530 

1,362 

2, 296 

606 

1, 132 

9,718 

436 

431 

1,720 

1 , 670 

395 

300 

2,308 

1,294 

805 

459 

The  province . 

356, 536 

13,058 

13,043 

63, 637 

63.  452 

12,249  12,706 

70, 937 

56,420 

29, 176 

21 . 858 

AGE  AND  SEX 


205 


Table  VIII. — Aye  and  sear.— Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Age  and  sex. 


Districts. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  17 

years. 

18  to  20 
years. 

21  to  44 
years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male- 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Male. 

Fe¬ 

male. 

Alto  Songo . 

12, 770 

096 

652 

2,637 

2, 520 

399 

421 

1,809 

1,749 

984 

903 

Baracoa  . 

21,944 

1,509 

1,391 

4,404 

4,308 

583 

683 

3,332 

3, 171 

1,313 

1 , 250 

Bayamo . 

21,193 

1,231 

1,106 

4,  755 

4,701 

016 

710 

2, 395 

2,  792 

1,314 

1,513 

Campeehuela . 

7,309 

356 

333 

1,522 

1,343 

298 

236 

1,456 

972 

475 

378 

Caney  . 

9, 126 

322 

322 

1,594 

1 , 507 

298 

249 

2,  049 

1,130 

015 

440 

Cobre . 

10, 707 

007 

571 

2,035 

2, 057 

327 

365 

1,571 

1,442 

903 

829 

Cristo . 

1,194 

33 

44 

244 

248 

23 

38 

192 

211 

71 

90 

Gibara . 

31,594 

1,594 

1,523 

0,  700 

6, 517 

1,012 

1,104 

4,889 

4,043 

1,871 

1,081 

Guantanamo . 

2<S,  003 

1,144 

1,205 

5, 159 

4,978 

825 

910 

5, 015 

4, 373 

2, 333 

2,115 

Holguin . 

34,500 

1, 942 

1,797 

7, 303, 

7, 200 

931 

1,274 

4,599 

5, 054 

2, 185 

2, 101 

Jiquani . 

10, 495 

550 

572 

2, 355 

2, 387 

341 

351 

1,100 

1,396 

098 

685 

Manzanillo . 

32, 288 

1,494 

1, 578 

6, 617 

6, 093 

998 

1 , 200 

4, 058 

4,880 

1,899 

2, 205 

City  of  Manzanillo  . . 

14, 464 

595 

663 

2, 651 

2,917 

4  23 

628 

2, 125 

2, 5  93 

725 

1,255 

401 

Mayan . 

8, 504 

500 

492 

1,877 

1,814 

248 

285 

1,132 

1,172 

523 

Niquero . 

2,718 

173 

139 

592 

582 

09 

91 

384 

398 

155 

135 

Palma  Soriano . 

12, 305 

619 

505 

2, 679 

2, 509 

457 

434 

1,056 

1 , 593 

985 

808 

Puerto  Padre . 

19, 981 

1,131 

1,096 

1,310 

4,339 

066 

750 

2, 005 

2, 078 

1,228 

1,179 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

5,790 

337 

338 

1,313 

1,242 

181 

207 

808 

700 

334 

270 

San  Luis . 

11,681 

5-13 

572 

2, 424 

2, 400 

354 

405 

1 , 586 

1,710 

898 

789 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

City  of  Santiago  de 

45, 478 

1,493 

1,524 

7, 574 

8, 329 

1,424 

1,795 

7,908 

8, 742 

2,  719 

3,970 

Cuba . 

43, 0'JO 

1,355 

1,387 

7, 099 

7,847 

1,350 

1,709 

7, 559 

8, 503 

2,  569 

3, 822 

The  province . 

327, 715 

16, 274 

15, 882 

66, 214 

05, 074 

10, 050 

11,514 

49, 804 

48, 872 

21,503 

21,928 

Table  IX. — Age ,  race ,  nativity,  and  sex. 
CUBA. 


206 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  IX. — Age,  race ,  nativity ,  and  sex — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


1899 


208 


REPORT  ON  TIIE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


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Table  IX. — Aye ,  race ,  nativity,  and  sex — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


AGE,  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  SEX. 


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AGE,  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  SEX. 


213 


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Table  IX. — Age,  race,  nativity,  and  sex — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


214 


REPORT  OX  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Female. 

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REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OP  CUBA,  1899. 


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AGE,  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  SEX. 


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218 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  X. — Birthplace. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  lor  the  province  or  district.] 


/ 


Province. 


Habana . 

City  of  Habana 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe  . . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Cuba . 


Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Cuba. 

Spain. 

Other 

countries. 

Unknown. 

424, 804 
235,  981 
202, 444 
173, 064 
88, 234 
356, 536 
327, 715 

349, 122 
178, 670 
178, 524 
160,450 
82,  982 
317,  243 
311,941 

61, 487 
46, 855 
14, 127 
10,254 
3,595 
28,398 
11,379 

14, 107 
10,456 
9,793 
2, 360 
1,657 
10, 895 
4,395 

88 

1, 572,  797 

1 

1,400,262 

129, 240 

43, 207 

88 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Cuba. 

Spain. 

Other 

countries. 

Aguacate . 

3,163 

2,900 

196 

67 

Alquizar . 

8, 746 

7,849 

797 

100 

Bainoa . 

1,725 

1,638 

73 

14 

Batabano . 

6,523 

5,556 

834 

133 

Bauta . 

5, 142 

4,636 

431 

75 

Bejucal  . 

5, 756 

5,313 

372 

71 

Cano . 

4,  210 

3, 784 

372 

54 

Casiguas . 

1,004 

974 

21 

9 

Catalina . 

2,718 

2,555 

144 

19 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

2, 197 

2, 021 

159 

17 

Guanabacoa . 

20, 080 

18,  400 

1,277 

403 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

13, 965 

12,  700 

909 

356 

Guara . 

1,835 

1,742 

79 

14 

Guines . 

11,394 

10,388 

807 

198 

Guira  de  Helena . 

11,548 

10, 196 

1,162 

190 

Habana  . 

242, 055 

183,  694 

47, 766 

10, 595 

City  of  Habana . 

235,  981 

178, 670 

7,6,855 

10, 7,56 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3,199 

2,990 

195 

14 

Jaruco . 

4,076 

3,843 

205 

28 

Mad  ruga . 

3,744 

3,472 

228 

44 

Managua . 

2,887 

2,767 

109 

11 

Marianao . 

8,593 

7,171 

808 

614 

Melina  del  Sur . 

3, 207 

3, 024 

118 

65 

Nueva  Paz . 

7,761 

7,214 

358 

189 

Pipian . 

1,101 

1,064 

32 

5 

Quivican . 

2, 423 

2,259 

145 

19 

Regia . 

11,363 

9,526 

1,439 

398 

Salud . 

3, 293 

3,100 

186 

7 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . 

1,855 

1,794 

54 

7 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . 

12, 631 

11,366 

1,145 

120 

San  Felipe . 

1,915 

1 , 759 

116 

40 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

4'  154 

3' 867 

179 

108 

San  Nicolas . 

4,568 

A,  246 

509 

113 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

2,965 

2, 752 

132 

81 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

2.  730 

2,544 

103 

83 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

10, 276 

8|  928 

1,080 

181 

Tapaste . 

1,551 

1,479 

60 

12 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2;  416 

2;  311 

96 

9 

The  province . 

424, 804 

349, 122 

61,487 

14, 107 

Unknown. 


87 


88 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes  . 

8,110 

7,181 

471 

458 

Bolondron  . 

9,179 

7,885 

776 

518 

Cabezas . 

5,184 

4,803 

284 

97 

Canasi . 

1,993 

1 , 820 

80 

93 

Cardenas . 

24,861 

21,874 

2,156 

831 

City  of  Cardenas . 

21,97,0 

19, 263 

1,929 

743 

Carlos  Rojas . 

3,174 

2,797 

171 

206 

Colon . 

12,195 

10,719 

763 

713 

Cue  vitas . 

5, 807 

6, 126 

374 

307 

Guamacaro . 

6,000 

5, 336 

358 

306 

Jaguey  Grande . 

5, 853 

6, 282 

385 

186 

Jovellanos . 

7, 529 

6, 698 

390 

441 

Macagua . 

5, 042 

4,617 

186 

239 

Macuriges . 

10, 405 

9,174 

689 

542 

Marti . 

8,905 

7,711 

888 

806 

Matanzas . 

45, 282 

10. 026 

3,906 

1,350 

City  of  Matanzas . 

36, 37 7, 

32, 107 

3,061 

1,206 

BIRTHPLACE 


219 


Table  X.  — Birthplace — Continued . 


[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Maximo  Gomez . 

Mendez  Capote . 

Palmillae . 

Perico . 

Roque . 

Sabanilla . 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

Santa  Ana . 

Union  de  Reyes . 

The  province... 


Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Cuba. 

Spain. 

Other 

countries. 

Unknown. 

4,046 

8, 657 

132 

257 

2,158 

1,931 

124 

103 

7,647 

6,616 

406 

625 

4,449 

3,754 

244 

451 

4,464 

3,847 

223 

394 

5,205 

4,510 

391 

304 

6,765 

5,836 

595 

334 

2, 965 

2,639 

248 

78 

5, 226 

4,685 

387 

154 

202,444 

178, 524 

14, 127 

9,  793 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

9,317 

8,744 

450 

123 

Bahia  Honda . 

2,117 

2, 012 

60 

45 

Cabanas . 

3,853 

3,448 

148 

257 

Candelaria . 

4,866 

4,623 

217 

26 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

7,399 

7,019 

330 

50 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

16,  665 

15,803 

617 

245 

Guanajay . 

8,796 

8, 008 

602 

186 

Guane . 

14,760 

13,534 

1,161 

65 

Guayabal . 

2,710 

2,438 

236 

36 

Julian  Diaz . 

1,871 

1,809 

46 

16 

Los  Palacios . 

2,456 

2,330 

85 

41 

Mantua . 

8,366 

7,887 

463 

16 

Mariel . 

3,631 

3,370 

133 

128 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

38,  343 

35, 148 

2,515 

680 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio . 

•  8, 880 

7,732 

829 

319 

San  Cristobal . 

4,263 

4,093 

141 

29 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

2,  419 

2,327 

74 

18 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

1,137 

1,032 

45 

60 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . . . 

14, 787 

13,338 

1, 286 

163 

San  Luis . 

7,608 

7,073 

468 

67 

Vinales . 

17,  700 

16, 414 

1,177 

109 

The  province . 

173, 064 

160, 450 

10, 254 

2,360 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

Moron . 

Nue  vitas . 

Puerto  Principe . 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

The  province . 


9,801 
9,630 
10, 355 
53, 140 
25, 102 
5,308 

9,462 
9,422 
8, 925 
60, 202 
23,51,1 
4,971 

271 

68 

187 

21 

902 

528 

1,953 
1, 137 

985 

l*2U 

'282 

55 

88, 234 

82, 982 

3, 595 

1,657 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA, 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calahazar  . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos  . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . . . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza . 

Palmira . 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  de  Guinea . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus. . . 
San  Diego  del  Vulle . 


3,995 

3,381 

382 

232 

8, 650 

7,411 

1,017 

222 

13,419 

11,817 

990 

612 

14,495 

•  10, 822 

3, 167 

506 

6,244 

5, 631 

502 

111 

6,954 

6, 465 

203 

286 

59, 128 

51,119 

5,914 

2, 095 

30, 038 

26, 028 

3, 155 

855 

3,825 

3,585 

162 

78 

7,953 

6, 802 

686 

465 

7,811 

7,470 

249 

92 

6,527 

5,707 

543 

277 

11,961 

10,280 

1,361 

320 

8, 890 

8,011 

492 

387 

7, 532 

6, 733 

453 

346 

5, 059 

4,710 

230 

119 

9, 562 

8,  404 

792 

366 

21,342 

18, 498 

1,941 

903 

12,  728 

11,  185 

1,068 

4  75 

12, 832 

10,775 

1 , 853 

204 

25,  709 

24, 625 

603 

481 

12, 696 

12,  170 

3U9 

177 

5, 369 

5, 067 

209 

93 

220 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  X. — Birthplace — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Total  popu¬ 
lation. 

Cuba. 

Spain. 

Other 

countries. 

Unknown. 

San  Fernando . 

6,445 
5, 600 
14, 833 
28, 437 
13, 763 
9,603 
10, 372 
24,271 
11,120 
9,  718 

5,754 
5,380 
12, 972 
26, 094 
12, 68k 
8,724 
9,  630 
23, 236 
10, 755 
8, 140 

585 

188 

1,378 

1,762 

728 

555 

419 

480 

201, 

1,282 

106 

32 

483 

581 

351 

324 

323 

555 

161 

296 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . 

Santa  Clara . . . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  isabel  de  las  Lajas . 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . 

City  of  Trinidad . 

Yaguajav . 

The  province . 

356, 536 

317, 243 

*  28, 398 

10, 895 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo . 

Baracoa  . 

Bayamo . 

Campechuela . 

Caney  . 

Cobre . . 

Cristo . 

Gibara . * . 

Guantanamo . 

Holguin . 

Jiguani . 

Manzanillo . 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

Mayan . . 

Niquero . 

Palma  Soriano . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

San  Luis . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 

The  province . 


12, 770 

12,487 

191 

92 

21,944 

21,291 

565 

88 

21,193 

20, 941 

195 

57 

7,369 

7,015 

295 

59 

9, 126 

7,300 

1,544 

282 

10, 707 

10,  354 

198 

125 

1,194 

1,106 

64 

24 

31,594 

29, 912 

1,381 

301 

28, 063 

25, 802 

1,602 

659 

34, 506 

33, 746 

627 

133 

10, 495 

10,425 

60 

10 

32,288 

30, 904 

1,036 

348 

14, 464 

13,  kSO 

780 

25k 

8,504 

8,363 

109 

32 

2,718 

2,649 

56 

13 

12, 305 

12, 156 

122 

27 

19,  984 
5,796 

19, 651 
5,  708 

254 

79 

78 

10 

11,681 

11,134 

437 

110 

45, 478 

40, 967 

2,565 

1,946 

4 3,  090 

38, 607 

2,55k 

1,929 

327, 715 

311, 941 

11, 379 

4, 395 

Table  XI. — Birthplace,  sex,  and  race. 
CUBA. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Cuba . 

1,400, 262 

675, 514 

724, 748 

910, 244 

447, 345 

462, 899 

490, 018 

228, 169 

261,849 

Porto  Rico . 

1,108 

519 

589 

789 

391 

398 

319 

128 

191 

West  Indies . 

1,712 

926 

786 

669 

302 

367 

1,043 

624 

419 

South  America  . . . 

752 

409 

343 

694 

380 

314 

58 

29 

29 

Central  America  . 

108 

56 

52 

95 

48 

47 

13 

8 

5 

Mexico . 

1,108 

417 

691 

992 

369 

323 

116 

48 

f>8 

United  States . 

6, 444 

4,504 

1,940 

5,645 

3,935 

1,710 

799 

569 

230 

Canada . 

56 

33 

23 

42 

22 

20 

14 

11 

3 

Spain . 

129, 240 

107,418 

21, 822 

129, 100 

107, 329 

21,771 

140 

89 

51 

England . 

588 

389 

199 

424 

279 

145 

16-1 

110 

54 

Ireland . 

37 

23 

14 

37 

23 

14 

Scotland . 

41 

32 

9 

41 

32 

9 

Germany . 

284 

229 

55 

284 

229 

55 

France  * . 

1,279 

853 

426 

1,256 

840 

416 

23 

13 

10 

Italy . 

501 

390 

111 

499 

389 

110 

2 

1 

1 

Portugal . 

114 

90 

24 

90 

76 

14 

24 

14 

10 

Scandinavia . 

64 

46 

18 

55 

43 

12 

9 

3 

G 

Other  Europe . 

6.50 

426 

224 

637 

419 

218 

13 

7 

6 

Africa . 

12, 9.53 

7, 658 

5, 295 

56 

45 

11 

12,897 

7, 613 

5,284 

Australia . 

9 

7 

2 

6 

5 

1 

3 

2 

1 

China . 

14,863 

14,814 

49 

249 

249 

14,614 

14,565 

49 

Japan  . 

8 

7 

1 

4 

3 

1 

4 

4 

Other  countries  . . 

628 

403 

125 

434 

332 

102 

94 

71 

23 

Unknown  . 

88 

42 

46 

55 

28 

27 

33 

14 

19 

Cuba . 

1 , 572, 797 

815, 205 

757, 592 

1 , 052, 397 

563,113 

489, 284 

520, 400 

252, 092 

268, 308 

BIRTHPLACE,  SEX,  AND  RACE. 

Table  XI. — Birthplace ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 


221 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Cuba . 

349, 122 

162, 664 

186, 458 

243, 564 

116,810 

126, 754 

105, 558 

45, 854 

59,701 

Porto  Rico . 

615 

242 

373 

459 

195 

264 

156 

47 

109 

West  Indies . 

283 

121 

162 

217 

84 

133 

66 

37 

29 

South  America  . . . 

457 

228 

229 

434 

217 

217 

23 

11 

12 

Central  America  . 

33 

19 

14 

30 

17 

13 

3 

2 

1 

Mexico . 

846 

297 

549 

768 

268 

500 

78 

29 

49 

United  States . 

4,178 

2, 752 

1,426 

3,638 

2, 387 

1,251 

540 

365 

175 

Canada . 

24 

13 

11 

20 

10 

10 

4 

3 

1 

Spain . 

61,487 

49, 704 

11,783 

61,426 

49, 671 

11,755 

61 

33 

28 

England . 

272 

169 

103 

216 

128 

88 

56 

41 

15 

Ireland 

18 

8 

10 

18 

8 

10 

Scotland _  _ . 

24 

18 

6 

24 

18 

6 

Germany _ 

190 

153 

37 

190 

153 

37 

France  .” . 

642 

355 

287 

638 

352 

286 

4 

3 

1 

Italy. . 

334 

243 

91 

333 

243 

90 

1 

1 

Portugal . 

45 

38 

7 

38 

32 

6 

7 

6 

1 

Seandina.vin, . 

35 

22 

13 

32 

22 

10 

3 

3 

Other  Europe . 

243 

158 

85 

241 

157 

84 

2 

1 

1 

Africa . 

1,799 

769 

1,030 

15 

11 

4 

1,784 

758 

1,026 

Australia . 

6 

5 

1 

5 

4 

1 

1 

1 

China. 

3,848 

3, 810 

38 

52 

52 

3,7% 

3, 758 

38 

Japan 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  countries. . . 

213 

159 

54 

176 

133 

43 

37 

26 

11 

Unknown  . 

88 

42 

46 

55 

28 

27 

33 

14 

19 

The  province. 

424, 804 

221,990 

202, 814 

312, 590 

171,000 

141, 590 

112,214 

50, 990 

61,224 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Cuba . 

Porto  Rico . 

West  Indies . 

South  America  . . . 
Central  America  . 

Mexico . 

United  States . 

Canada . 

Spain . 

England  . . 

Ireland . 

Scotland . 

Germany . 

France  . 

Italy . 

Portugal . 

Scandinavia . 

Other  Europe . 

Africa . 

Australia . 

China . 

Japan  . 

Other  countries  . . 
Unknown  . 

The  province. 


178, 524 

85, 121 

93, 403 

102, 682 

50, 324 

52, 358 

75,842 

34,  797 

41,045 

71 

33 

38 

48 

25 

23 

23 

8 

15 

22 

7 

15 

20 

6 

14 

2 

1 

1 

60 

40 

20 

57 

37 

20 

3 

3 

5 

1 

4 

4 

4 

1 

1 

70 

20 

50 

59 

16 

43 

11 

4 

7 

539 

395 

144 

506 

372 

134 

33 

23 

10 

14 

8 

6 

11 

6 

5 

3 

2 

1 

14, 127 

11,070 

3, 057 

14, 116 

11,065 

3,051 

11 

5 

6 

37 

23 

14 

36 

23 

13 

1 

1 

4 

4 

4 

4 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

i 

17 

11 

6 

17 

11 

6 

133 

95 

38 

133 

95 

38 

34 

29 

5 

34 

29 

5 

13 

10 

3 

8 

7 

1 

5 

3 

2 

56 

39 

17 

55 

39 

16 

1 

1 

4, 393 

2, 511 

1,882 

3 

2 

1 

4,390 

2,509 

1,881 

4, 249 

4, 246 

3 

64 

64 

4,185 

4,182 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

70 

58 

12 

54 

44 

10 

16 

14 

2 

202, 444 

103, 726 

98, 718 

117,917 

62, 174 

55, 743 

84,527 

41,552 

42, 975 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Cuba . 

Porto  Rico . 

West  Indies . 

South  America . . . 
Central  America  . 
Mexico . 

160, 450 
25 

9 

20 

1 

28 

118 

3 

10,2.54 

5 

5 

80, 727 
17 

5 

15 

1 

11 

91 

2 

9, 098 

4 

3 

79, 723 

8 

4 

5 

114,907 

21 

5 

20 

1 

24 

112 

2 

10,247 

5 

5 

58,573 

14 

2 

15 

1 

7 

86 

1 

9, 092 

4 

3 

56, 334 

7 

3 

5 

45,643 

4 

4 

22, 154 

3 

3 

23, 389 

1 

1 

17 

27 

1 

1,156 

1 

2 

17 

26 

1 

1,155 

1 

2 

4 

6 

1 

7 

4 

5 

1 

6 

United  States . 

Canada . 

1 

Spain . 

England . 

1 

Ireland . 

Scotland . 

Germany . 

3 

3 

3 

3 

France  . 

81 

72 

9 

80 

71 

9 

1 

1 

Italy  . 

29 

26 

3 

29 

26 

3 

Portugal . 

2 

2 

2 

2 

REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  XI. — Birthplace ,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 


222 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Scandinavia . 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Other  Europe _ 

Africa . 

120 

81 

39 

120 

81 

39 

1,319 

945 

374 

17 

17 

1,302 

928 

374 

Australia . 

China . 

576 

573 

3 

12 

12 

564 

561 

3 

Japan . 

Other  countries. . . 
Unknown  . 

14 

10 

4 

11 

8 

3 

3 

2 

1 

The  province. 

173, 064 

91, 688 

81, 376 

125, 625 

68, 020 

57, 605 

47, 439 

23,668 

23, 771 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Cuba . 

82, 982 

40, 370 

42, 612 

66, 349 

32, 575 

33, 774 

16, 633 

7,795 

8,838 

Porto  Rico . 

24 

16 

8 

20 

12 

8 

4 

4 

West  Indies . 

117 

75 

42 

65 

35 

30 

52 

40 

12 

South  America  . . . 

23 

14 

9 

21 

12 

9 

2 

2 

Central  America. . 

7 

3 

4 

7 

3 

4 

Mexico . 

17 

9 

8 

16 

9 

7 

1 

1 

United  States . 

248 

204 

44 

237 

194 

43 

11 

10 

1 

Canada . 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Spain . 

3,595 

3, 176 

419 

3, 592 

3, 173 

419 

3 

3 

England . 

25 

16 

9 

17 

10 

7 

8 

6 

2 

Ireland . 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Scotland. . 

4 

4 

4 

4 

Germany . 

7 

5 

2 

7 

5 

2 

France  . 

30 

24 

6 

29 

23 

6 

1 

1 

Tta.ly 

4 

4 

4 

4 

Portugal 

4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

Scandinavia . 

Other  Europe _ 

7 

7 

6 

6 

1 

1 

Africa.  . . 

674 

511 

163 

1 

1 

673 

510 

163 

Australia . 

China.  . 

451 

449 

2 

451 

449 

2 

Japan  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  countries. . . 

10 

7 

3 

7 

5 

2 

3 

2 

1 

Unknown  . 

The  province. 

88,234 

44, 899 

43, 335 

70,387 

36,074 

34, 313 

17, 847 

8,825 

9,022 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Cuba . 

317,243 

155, 876 

161,367 

214, 945 

106,  771 

108, 174 

102,298 

49, 105 

53,193 

Porto  Rico . 

107 

60 

47 

82 

49 

33 

25 

11 

14 

West  Indies . 

53 

34 

19 

26 

15 

11 

27 

19 

8 

South  America  . . . 

65 

39 

26 

58 

36 

22 

7 

3 

4 

Central  Ameriea. 

4 

3 

1 

4 

3 

1 

Mexico . 

98 

53 

45 

83 

46 

37 

15 

7 

8 

United  States . 

529 

380 

149 

612 

371 

141 

17 

9 

8 

Canada . 

9 

6 

3 

5 

3 

2 

4 

3 

1 

Spain . 

28, 398 

24,299 

4,099 

28, 366 

24,275 

4,091 

32 

24 

8 

England 

52 

36 

16 

48 

32 

16 

4 

4 

T  ml  and 

3 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

Sent  land 

5 

3 

2 

5 

3 

2 

flerman  v 

25 

19 

6 

25 

19 

6 

Fra  nee 

148 

117 

31 

148 

117 

31 

Italy 

58 

50 

8 

58 

50 

8 

Portugal . 

25 

21 

4 

20 

19 

1 

5 

2 

3 

Seandina  via 

9 

8 

1 

8 

8 

1 

1 

Other  Europe . 

172 

103 

69 

170 

102 

68 

2 

1 

1 

Africa . 

4,178 

2, 607 

1,571 

19 

14 

5 

4,159 

2,593 

1,566 

A  nstralia. . _ 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

China. 

5, 263 

5,263 

111 

111 

5, 152 

5,152 

J  a  na  n 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  countries  .. 

88 

76 

12 

71 

61 

10 

17 

15 

2 

Unknown 

The  province. 

356, 536 

189, 057 

167,479 

244, 768 

132, 107 

112,661 

111,768 

56,950 

54,818 

223 


BIRTHPLACE,  SEX,  AND  RACE. 

Table  XI. — Birthplace ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Countries  of 
birth. 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Cuba . 

311, 941 

150, 756 

161,185 

167, 797 

82, 292 

85, 505 

144, 144 

68, 464 

75,680 

Porto  Rico . 

266 

151 

115 

159 

96 

63 

107 

-  55 

52 

West  Indies . 

1,228 

684 

544 

336 

160 

176 

892 

524 

368 

South  America  . . . 

127 

73 

54 

104 

63 

41 

23 

10 

13 

Central  America. . 

68 

29 

29 

49 

24 

25 

9 

5 

4 

Mexico . 

49 

27 

22 

42 

23 

19 

7 

4 

3 

United  States . 

832 

682 

150 

640 

525 

115 

192 

157 

35 

Canada . 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Spain . 

11, 379 

10,071 

1,308 

11,353 

10, 053 

1,300 

26 

18 

8 

England . 

197 

141 

56 

102 

82 

20 

95 

59 

36 

Ireland . 

5 

5 

5 

5 

Scotland . 

5 

5 

5 

5 

Germany . 

42 

38 

4 

42 

38 

4 

France . 

245 

190 

55 

228 

182 

46 

17 

8 

9 

Italy . 

42 

38 

4 

41 

37 

4 

1 

1 

Portugal . 

25 

17 

8 

21 

15 

6 

4 

2 

2 

Scandinavia . 

18 

14 

4 

13 

11 

2 

5 

3 

2 

Other  Europe  .... 

52 

38 

14 

45 

34 

11 

7 

4 

3 

Africa . 

590 

315 

275 

1 

1 

589 

315 

274 

Australia . 

China . 

476 

473 

3 

10 

10 

466 

463 

3 

Japan  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  countries  . . 

133 

93 

40 

115 

81 

34 

18 

12 

6 

Unknown  . 

The  province. 

327, 715 

163,845 

163, 870 

181,110 

93,  738 

87, 372 

146, 605 

70, 107 

76, 498 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


Cuba . 

26, 028 

11,274 

14,  754 

15, 735 

7,045 

8,  690 

10, 293 

4, 229 

6,064 

Porto  Rico . 

23 

10 

13 

17 

9 

8 

6 

1 

5 

West  Indies . 

33 

19 

14 

17 

10 

7 

16 

9 

7 

South  America ... 

18 

10 

8 

15 

10 

5 

3 

3 

Central  America. . 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Mexico . 

19 

8 

11 

17 

8 

9 

2 

2 

United  States . 

120 

76 

44 

115 

75 

40 

5 

1 

4 

Canada . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Spain . 

3, 155 

2,  695 

460 

3,153 

2,695 

458 

2 

2 

England . 

13 

9 

4 

10 

6 

4 

3 

3 

Ireland . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Scotland . 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Germany . 

8 

5 

3 

8 

5 

3 

France  . 

39 

18 

21 

39 

18 

21 

Italy . 

12 

10 

2 

12 

10 

2 

Portugal . 

6 

5 

1 

5 

5 

1 

1 

Scandinavia . 

4 

4 

4 

4 

Other  Europe  .... 

41 

19 

22 

40 

19 

21 

1 

1 

Africa . 

148 

62 

86 

4 

3 

1 

144 

59 

85 

Australia . 

China . 

342 

342 

1 

1 

341 

341 

Japan . 

Other  countries  . . 

23 

20 

3 

22 

19 

3 

1 

1 

Unknown  . 

The  city .... 

30, 038 

14,  589 

15, 449 

19,  220 

9,945 

9,275 

10, 818 

4,644 

6, 174 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Cuba . 

178, 670 

7K,  646 

100, 024 

115, 532 

52, 940 

62, 592 

63, 138 

25, 706 

37, 432 

Porto  Rico . 

509 

193 

316 

365 

152 

213 

144 

41 

103 

West  Indies . 

255 

109 

146 

202 

80 

122 

53 

29 

24 

South  America  . . . 

366 

174 

192 

350 

169 

181 

16 

5 

11 

Central  America. . 

18 

11 

7 

15 

9 

6 

3 

2 

1 

Mexico . 

707 

242 

465 

640 

220 

420 

67 

22 

45 

United  States . 

3,368 

2, 193 

1,175 

2, 929 

1,900 

1,029 

439 

293 

146 

Canada . 

20 

13 

7 

17 

10 

7 

3 

3 

Spain . 

46, 855 

37, 668 

9, 187 

46, 810 

37, 645 

9, 165 

45 

23 

22 

England . 

233 

140 

93 

194 

114 

80 

39 

26 

13 

Ireland . 

15 

5 

10 

15 

5 

10 

Scotland . 

21 

16 

5 

21 

16 

5 

Germany . 

166 

137 

29 

166 

137 

29 

France .' . 

569 

306 

263 

565 

303 

262 

4 

3 

1 

Italy  . 

278 

200 

78 

277 

200 

77 

1 

1 

Portugal . 

29 

24 

5 

26 

22 

4 

3 

2 

1 

Scandinavia . 

31 

19 

12 

28 

19 

9 

3 

a 

224 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XI. — Birthplace ,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Other  Europe .... 

142 

91 

51 

140 

90 

50 

2 

1 

1 

Africa . t _ 

843 

259 

584 

7 

4 

3 

836 

255 

581 

Australia . 

4 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

China . 

2, 751 

2, 720 

31 

17 

17 

2, 734 

2  703 

31 

Japan  . 

2 

1 

1 

1 

•  1 

1 

1 

Other  countries . . 

129 

88 

41 

113 

76 

37 

16 

12 

4 

Unknown  . 

The  city.... 

235, 981 

123, 258 

112, 723 

168, 433 

94, 130 

74, 303 

67, 548 

29, 128 

38, 420 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Cuba . 

32, 107 

13,  768 

18,339 

20, 931 

9,219 

11,712 

11,176 

4, 549 

6, 627 

Porto  Rico . 

26 

11 

15 

19 

9 

10 

7 

2 

5 

West  Indies . 

15 

4 

11 

15 

4 

11 

South  America  . . . 

/ 

3 

4 

7 

3 

4 

Central  America. . 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Mexico . 

32 

5 

27 

29 

5 

24 

3 

3 

United  States . 

118 

309 

109 

395 

295 

100 

23 

14 

9 

Canada . 

3 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

Spain . 

3,061 

2,303 

758 

3,058 

2,303 

755 

3 

3 

England . 

21 

14 

7 

21 

14 

7 

Ireland . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Scotland . 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

i 

Germany . 

9 

5 

4 

9 

5 

4 

France  . 

39 

23 

16 

39 

23 

16 

Italy . 

11 

7 

4 

11 

7 

4 

Portugal . 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Scandinavia . 

Other  Europe . 

17 

13 

4 

17 

13 

4 

Africa . 

244 

105 

139 

244 

105 

139 

Australia . 

China . 

342 

342 

3-12 

342 

Japan . 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Other  countries  . . 

11 

6 

5 

11 

6 

5 

Unknown  . 

The  city .... 

36, 374 

16,926 

19,448 

24, 575 

11,914 

12, 661 

11,799 

5,012 

6,787 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Cuba . 

23,  Ml 
12 

9,636 

10 

13, 905 

2 

16, 505 
10 

6, 764 

8 

9, 741 

7,036 

2,872 

2 

4,161 

Porto  Rico . 

2 

2 

West  Indies . 

44 

21 

23 

38 

20 

18 

6 

1 

5 

South  America  . . . 

9 

5 

4 

9 

5 

4 

Central  America. . 

5 

3 

2 

5 

3 

2 

Mexico . 

10 

5 

5 

10 

5 

5 

United  States . 

51 

30 

21 

50 

30 

20 

1 

. 

1 

Canada . 

Spain . 

1, 137 

997 

140 

1.115 

12 

995 

140 

2 

2 

England . 

13 

6 

7 

6 

6 

1 

1 

Ireland . 

Scotland . 

_  _ -  _ 

Germany . . 

3 

3 

3 

3 

France . 

6 

5 

i 

5 

4 

1 

1 

1 

Ttaly _ 

0 

2 

2 

2 

Portugal . 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Scandinavia . 

Other  Europe . 

A  frioa . 

190 

112 

78 

1 

1 

189 

111 

78 

Australia . 

Ghina  .  _ . 

75 

74 

1 

75 

74 

1 

.1  a  nn  n  . 

Other  countries  . . 
Unknown  . 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

The  city.... 

‘25, 102 

10, 912 

14,190 

17,788 

7,848 

9,940 

7, 314 

3,064 

4,250 

CITIZENSHIP. 


225 


Table  XI. — Birthplace,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Countries  of 

Both  classes. 

White. 

Colored. 

birth. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Cuba . 

38, 607 

16, 502 

22, 105 

15, 258 

6,702 

8, 556 

23, 349 

9, 800 

13,549 

Porto  Rico . 

125 

67 

58 

74 

39 

35 

51 

28 

23 

West  Indies . 

805 

409 

396 

204 

92 

112 

601 

317 

284 

South  America  . . . 

55 

27 

28 

40 

21 

19 

15 

6 

9 

Central  America. . 

38 

18 

20 

35 

17 

18 

3 

1 

2 

Mexico . 

28 

15 

13 

27 

14 

13 

1 

1 

United  States . 

366 

308 

58 

276 

226 

50 

90 

82 

8 

Canada  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Spain  . 

2, 554 

2, 225 

329 

2, 549 

2, 220 

329 

5 

5 

England . 

118 

74 

44 

48 

33 

15 

70 

41 

29 

Ireland . 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Scotland . 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Germany . 

23 

21 

2  • 

23 

21 

2 

France  . 

52 

31 

21 

42 

28 

14 

10 

3 

7 

Italy . 

12 

9 

3 

12 

9 

3 

Portugal . 

7 

2 

5 

4 

1 

3 

o 

o 

1 

2 

Scandinavia . 

8 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

Other  Europe . 

24 

22 

2 

20 

19 

i 

4 

3 

1 

Africa . 

71 

23 

48 

1 

i 

70 

23 

47 

Australia . 

China . 

106 

106 

106 

106 

Japan  . 

Other  countries. . . 

84 

52 

32 

74 

46 

28 

10 

6 

4 

Unknown  . 

The  city .... 

43, 090 

19, 922 

23, 168 

18, 698 

9, 497 

9, 201 

24, 392 

10,425 

13,  967 

Table  XII. — Citizenship. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Other 

citizen¬ 

ship. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Habana . 

424, 804 
235, 981 
202, 444 
173,  064 
88,234 
356, 536 
327,  715 

309. 533 

8,937 

7,713 

89, 255 

6 h,  126 

16, 908 
12, 545 
23,464 
3,072 
2,225 
27,541 
6,315 

171 

City  of  Habana . 

151,553 

44 

314 

Matanzas . 

162,  901 
147,  974 
77,  073 

2;  483 
1,683 

13;  282 
20,  308 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

27 

Puerto  Principe . 

1, 543 
3,464 
2,368 

7;  355 
26, 920 
18, 691 

38 

Santa  Clara . 

298 | 581 
300, 305 

30 

Santiago . 

36 

Cuba . 

1,572,  797 

1,296, 367 

20, 478 

175, 811 

79, 525 

616 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Other 

citizen¬ 

ship. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Aguacate . 

3,163 

2,710 

32 

356 

64 

1 

Alcjuizar . 

8,746 

7,489 

13 

1,136 

107 

1 

Bainoa . 

1,725 

1 , 554 

149 

22 

Batabano . 

6^23 

4,930 

114 

1,324 

154 

1 

Bauta . 

5,142 

4, 265 

9 

780 

87 

1 

Bejucal . 

5, 756 

4,913 

159 

611 

70 

3 

Cano . 

4,210 

3, 482 

1 

670 

57 

Casiguas . 

1,004 

951 

8 

36 

9 

Catalina . 

2, 718 

2,409 

30 

260 

19 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

2, 197 

1,872 

302 

22 

i 

Guanabacoa  . 

20',  080 

17, 064 

46 

2, 371 

595 

4 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

13, 965 

11,797 

36 

1,598 

530 

4 

Guara . 

1,835 

1,656 

16 

147 

14 

2 

Giiines . 

11,394 

9, 697 

93 

1,364 

239 

1 

Guira  de  Melena . 

11,548 

9,566 

120 

1,674 

185 

3 

Habana . 

242,  055 

156, 102 

7,819 

65, 389 

12,696 

50 

City  of  Habana . 

235, 981 

151,553 

7,713 

6k,  126 

12, 5k5 

44 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3, 199 

2, 818 

32 

334 

15 

Jaruco . 

4,076 

3,583 

4 

460 

29 

Mad  ruga . . 

3, 744 

3, 204 

30 

448 

62 

Managua . 

2, 887 

2, 624 

6 

247 

10 

Marialnao . 

8,593 

6j  454 

36 

1,409 

693 

i 

24662- 


-15 


226 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XII. — Citizenshi )> — Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


District. 


Helena  del  Sur . 

Nueva  Paz . 

Pipian . 

Quivican . 

Regia . 

Salud . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos 

San  Felipe . 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas  .... 

San  Nicolas . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte _ 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. 
Santiago  de  las  Vegas. . . . 

Tapaste . 

Vereda  Nueva . 

The  province . 


Alacranes . 

Bolondron . 

Cabezas . 

Canasi . 

Cardenas . 

City  of  Cardenas. . . 

Carlos  Rojas . 

Colon . 

Cuevitas . 

Guamacaro . 

Jagiiey  Grande . 

Jovellanos . 

Macagua . 

Macuriges . 

Marti . 

Matanzas . 

City  of  Matanzas. . . 

Maximo  Gomez . 

Mendez  Capote . 

Palmillas . 

Perico . 

Roque . 

Sabanilla . 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

Santa  Ana . 

Union  de  Reyes . 

The  province  . . . 


Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Other 

citizen¬ 

ship. 

Un¬ 

known. 

3, 207 

2,885 

25 

216 

80 

1 

7,761 

6, 913 

58 

593 

190 

7 

1,101 

1,020 

75 

6 

2,423 

2,117 

14 

274 

18 

11,363 

8,065 

57 

2, 645 

595 

1 

3, 293 

2,896 

3 

390 

4 

1,855 

1,666 

3 

171 

15 

12, 631 

10,568 

96 

1,778 

187 

2 

1,915 

1,591 

280 

44 

4,154 

3,  670 

26 

335 

123 

4,568 

4,069 

19 

364 

116 

2, 965 

2,669 

216 

80 

2;  730 

2,450 

8 

190 

82 

10, 276 

7,992 

56 

1,945 

192 

91 

1,551 

1,408 

4 

120 

19 

2, 416 

2,211 

196 

9 

424,804 

309, 533 

8,937 

89, 255 

16,908 

171 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


8,110 

6,847 

43 

417 

803 

9,179 

7,272 

67 

454 

1,386 

5,184 

4,403 

12 

166 

603 

1,993 

1,718 

1 

43 

231 

24, 861 

19, 212 

739 

2, 457 

2,451 

2 

21, 9 40 

16, 790 

732 

2,327 

2,090 

1 

3,174 

2,580 

25 

156 

413 

12, 195 

9,893 

195 

792 

1,315 

5,807 

4, 728 

41 

286 

752 

6,  000 

4,817 

21 

328 

833 

1 

6, 853 

4,899 

47 

307 

600 

7,529 

6, 319 

163 

377 

670 

5,042 

4,304 

26 

342 

369 

1 

10,405 

8,540 

33 

527 

1,304 

1 

8, 905 

7,380 

22 

441 

1,061 

1 

45, 282 

35,046 

497 

4, 155 

5,277 

307 

36, 574 

28, 20k 

4 90 

3,830 

3, 544 

306 

4,046 

3,495 

29 

161 

361 

2,158 

1,809 

11 

54 

284 

7, 647 

6,205 

38 

437 

967 

4,449 

3, 584 

9 

274 

582 

4,464 

3,  703 

11 

135 

615 

6,205 

4,041 

12 

206 

946 

6,765 

5, 460 

410 

321 

573 

1 

2,965 

2,341 

2 

124 

498 

5,226 

4,305 

29 

322 

570 

202, 444 

162, 901 

2,483 

13,282 

23, 464 

314 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte  . . 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Guanajay . 

Guane . 

Guayabal . 

Julian  Diaz . 

Los  Palacios . 

Mantua . 

Marie! . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal . 

San  Diego  de  los  Bafios . 
San  Diego  de  Nufiez  .... 
San  Juan  y  Martinez. . . . 

Sun  Luis . 

Vinales . 


9,317 

8,346 

17 

805 

147 

2 

2,117 

1,953 

110 

47 

7 

3,853 

3,393 

4 

196 

260 

4,866 

4,392 

37 

407 

30 

7, 399 

6,360 

191 

756 

89 

3 

16,665 

14,704 

36 

1,489 

435 

1 

8,  796 

7,268 

97 

1,195 

234 

2 

14, 760 

12, 478 

43 

2, 148 

91 

2,710 

2,221 

2 

453 

34 

1,871 

1,758 

93 

20 

2,4.56 

2, 261 

18 

130 

47 

8, 366 

7, 326 

31 

992 

17 

3,631 

3,211 

70 

206 

143 

i 

38,343 

31,807 

541 

5,034 

956 

5 

8,880 

6,844 

lk2 

1,471 

4 18 

5 

4,263 

3,947 

57 

224 

35 

2,419 

2,232 

20 

139 

'll 

1 

1,137 

998 

3 

76 

60 

14,787 

12, 085 

173 

2,332 

192 

5 

7,608 

6, 349 

129 

1,038 

92 

17, 700 

14,885 

214 

2,485 

116 

173, 064 

147, 974 

1,683 

20,308 

3, 072 

27 

The  province 


CITIZENSHIP 


227 


Table  XII . — Citizenship — Continued . 


[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 
PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


District. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Other 

citizen¬ 

ship. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

9,801 

8, 720 

93 

885 

100 

3 

Moron . 

9, 630 

8, 963 

277 

356 

33 

1 

Nuevitas . 

10, 355 

7,971 

295 

1,489 

600 

Puerto  Principe . 

53; 140 

46, 756 

799 

4',  121 

1,431 

33 

City  of  Puerto  Principe . 

25, 102 

21, 453 

m 

2,554 

686 

1 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

5,308 

4, 663 

79 

504 

61 

1 

The  province . 

88, 234 

77, 073 

1,543 

7,355 

2,225 

38 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces  . 

Esperanza . 

Palmira . 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Rancbuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Gh'ande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

•  City  of  Sancti  Spiritus  . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedies  . 

Santa  Clara . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  . . 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . 

City  of  Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 

The  province . 


3,  995 

3, 232 

92 

349 

322 

8, 650 

6,460 

31 

1,517 

642 

13,419 

11, 327 

121 

912 

1,058 

1 

14, 495 

8, 820 

139 

1,107 

4,429 

6,244 

5,523 

16 

522 

183 

6,954 

6,255 

54 

278 

367 

59, 128 

47, 241 

928 

6,616 

4,326 

17 

30, 038 

23, 36k 

893 

3,938 

1,826 

17 

3,825 

3, 423 

72 

174 

155 

1 

7,953 

6,598 

17 

610 

728 

7,811 

7,149 

158 

268 

235 

1 

6,527 

5, 491 

87 

564 

385 

11, 961 

9, 126 

162 

887 

1,786 

8, 890 

7, 724 

42 

406 

718 

7,532 

6,339 

81 

430 

682 

5, 059 

4,585 

16 

359 

99 

9,562 

7,  981 

22 

1,027 

532 

21,342 

17, 161 

427 

2, 072 

1,681 

1 

12,  728 

10,317 

382 

1,17  k 

85k 

1 

12,  832 

9,544 

26 

668 

2, 593 

1 

25,  709 

24,  035 

162 

1,256 

249 

7 

12,  696 

11,641 

IkO' 

732 

177 

6 

5,369 

4,887 

18 

187 

277 

6,445 

5, 501 

28 

435 

481 

5,600 

5,177 

39 

218 

166 

14, 833 

12, 000 

17 

1,240 

1,576 

28, 437 

24,884 

331 

1,482 

1,740 

13,  763 

11,  960 

SOI 

1,000 

502 

9, 603 

8, 659 

15 

449 

480 

10,  372 

9,339 

195 

390 

448 

24, 271 

22, 732 

86 

1,006 

446 

1 

11,120 

10,  kis 

69 

4  68 

169 

1 

9,718 

7,  388 

82 

1,491 

757 

356, 536 

298,581 

3,464 

26, 920 

27,541 

30 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo . . 

Baracoa . . 

Bayamo . . 

Campecbuela . 

Caney . . 

Cobre . . 

Cristo . . 

Gibara . . 

Guantanamo . 

Holguin . . 

Jiguani . . 

Manzanillo . 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

Mayan . . 

Niquero . 

Palma  Soriano . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

San  Luis . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 

The  province . 


12, 770 

12, 232 

14 

352 

171 

1 

21,944 

20, 643 

38 

1,070 

192 

1 

21,193 

20, 652 

12 

474 

55 

7,369 

6,901 

3 

394 

71 

9,126 

6,972 

204 

1,573 

375 

2 

10, 707 

10, 195 

27 

262 

223 

1,194 

1,013 

141 

40 

3i;  594 

27;  818 

242 

3, 104 

417 

13 

28, 063 

24, 642 

431 

1,954 

1,031 

5 

34, 506 

32, 309 

114 

1, 882 

201 

10, 495 

10, 383 

17 

82 

13 

32, 288 

29,  742 

98 

2,006 

441 

1 

14,464 

12,  k 00 

76 

1,635 

353 

8, 504 

8,  218 

88 

156 

41 

1 

2, 718 

2, 582 

132 

4 

12;  305 

12;  049 

31 

166 

57 

2 

19, 984 

19,118 

179 

551 

135 

1 

5,796 

5,499 

8 

280 

9 

11, 681 

10,  728 

30 

768 

154 

i 

45, 478 

38,  609 

832 

3,344 

2,685 

8 

4 3, 090 

36, 265 

832 

3,333 

2,652 

8 

327, 715 

300, 305 

2,368 

18, 691 

6,315 

36 

228  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XIII. — Males  21  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education. 

CUBA. 


Total  voting  age . 

Cuban  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 

Spanish  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens. 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 


Total  voting  age . 

Cuban  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . 

Spanish  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
coun¬ 
tries. 

Colored. 

417, 993 

187,813 

96,088 

6,794 

127,298 

290, 905 

184,471 

142 

78 

106, 214 

172, 627 

94, 301 

34 

13 

78,279 

4, 132 

2,089 

1 

2, 042 

105,285 

79, 452 

99 

39 

25, 695 

8,861 

8,629 

9 

25 

198 

9, 500 

144 

9, 341 

6 

9 

1,149 

18 

1, 126 

1 

4 

108 

2 

106 

7,929 

105 

7,816 

3 

5 

314 

19 

293 

2 

76, 669 

1, 296 

75,249 

37 

87 

16, 945 

312 

16,590 

rr 

/ 

36 

858 

18 

837 

1 

2 

56,704 

861 

55,771 

24 

48 

2,162 

105 

2,051 

5 

1 

40, 919 

1,902 

11, 356 

6,673 

20,988 

26,641 

191 

7,434 

872 

18, 144 

293 

8 

153 

34 

98 

11,914 

1,152 

3,682 

4,377 

2, 703 

2, 071 

551 

87 

1,890 

43 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


127, 047 

52, 621 

43, 273 

3,499 

27, 654 

73,939 

61, 153 

.  36 

45 

22,705 

30, 345 

16,898 

4 

2 

13,441 

1,528 

688 

1 

839 

37, 669 

29, 255 

30 

28 

8, 356 

4, 397 

4, 312 

2 

14 

69 

4,718 

49 

4, 661 

5 

3 

380 

4 

374 

1 

1 

52 

52 

4,137 

37 

4,095 

3 

2 

149 

8 

140 

1 

39, 207 

678 

38,471 

21 

37 

6,442 

129 

6,300 

2 

11 

491 

9 

479 

i 

2 

31,174 

469 

30,669 

13 

23 

1,100 

71 

1,023 

5 

1 

9, 183 

741 

105 

3,428 

4,909 

4, 188 

11 

8 

248 

3,921 

57 

1 

15 

41 

4,120 

507 

88 

2,588 

937 

818 

222 

9 

577 

10 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Total  voting  age . 

Cuban  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education. . . 


75, 305 

23, 790 

32,779 

2,787 

15, 949 

85, 460 

22, 729 

23 

37 

12,671 

8,304 

975 

2,565 

345 

1 

2 

5,736 

630 

22,790 

16,507 

20 

23 

6,240 

3,391 

3, 312 

2 

12 

65 

CITIZENSHIP 


229 


Table  XIII. — Males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  by  citizenship,  literacy,  etc. — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HA  BANA— Continued. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
coun¬ 
tries. 

Colored. 

Spanish  citizens . 

4,136 

39 

4,089 

5 

3 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

327 

1 

324 

1 

1 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

62 

52 

Can  read  and  write . 

3, 623 

30 

3, 588 

3 

2 

With  superior  education . 

134 

8 

125 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

29, 079 

450 

28,  589 

15 

25 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

3,215 

37 

3,170 

1 

7 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

389 

5 

381 

1 

2 

Can  read  and  write . 

24, 581 

347 

24, 211 

8 

15 

With  superior  education . 

894 

61 

827 

5 

1 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

6,630 

572 

78 

2, 730 

3, 250 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

2,623 

8 

6 

139 

2,470 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

48 

1 

H 

36 

Can  read  and  write . 

3,253 

386 

64 

2, 067 

736 

With  superior  education . 

706 

177 

8 

513 

8 

MATANZAS. 


Total  voting  age . 

65, 595 

21, 320 

10, 217 

665 

23, 393 

Cuban  citizens . 

37,544 

20, 843 

17 

11 

16, 673 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

23, 983 

10, 062 

2 

4 

13, 915 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

543 

281 

262 

Can  read  and  write . 

11,933 

9, 432 

10 

4 

2, 487 

With  superior  education . 

1,085 

1,068 

5 

3 

9 

Spanish  citizens . 

1,033 

16 

1,016 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

112 

112 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

16 

1 

15 

Can  read  and  write . 

865 

11 

853 

1 

With  superior  education . 

40 

4 

36 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

5, 798 

91 

5,705 

1 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

749 

6 

741 

1 

1 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

62 

2 

60 

Can  read  and  write . 

4,732 

77 

4,655 

With  superior  education . 

'255 

6 

'249 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

11, 220 

370 

3,479 

653 

6,718 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

8, 677 

88 

2, 279 

132 

6, 178 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

77 

2 

56 

1 

18 

Can  read  and  write . 

2, 195 

201 

1,108 

365 

521 

With  superior  education . 

271 

79 

36 

155 

1 

PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total  voting  age . 

43, 750 

24, 324 

8,  242 

308 

10, 876 

Cuban  citizens . 

33, 479 

24, 104 

6 

9,369 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

25,424 

234 

17, 118 
163 

1 

8,305 

71 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

Can  read  and  write . 

7,415 

406 

6,422 

401 

5 

988 

With  superior  education . 

5 

Spanish  citizens . 

662 

16 

646 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

54 

3 

51 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

5 

5 

Can  read  and  write . 

593 

13 

580 

With  superior  education . 

10 

10 

t 


230 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XIII, — Males  21  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  citizenship ,  literacy ,  etc. — Continued. 

PINAR  DEL  RIO — Continued. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
coun¬ 
tries. 

Colored. 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

7, 755 

171 

7,577 

1 

6 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

3, 140 

91 

3,048 

1 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

56 

1 

55 

Can  read  and  write . 

4,439 

76 

4,357 

1 

5 

With  superior  education . 

120 

3 

117 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

1,854 

33 

13 

307 

1,501 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

1,561 

4 

1 

113 

1,443 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

2 

1 

1 

Can  read  and  write . 

260 

22 

11 

170 

57 

With  superior  education . 

31 

7 

1 

23 

PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total  voting  age . 

20, 181 

12, 518 

2,982 

261 

4,420 

Cuban  citizens . 

15, 759 

12, 361 

4 

2 

3,392 

Can  neither  read  nor  wrrite . 

7,810 

6,037 

1 

1,772 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

'318 

'214 

'104 

Can  read  and  write . 

6, 972 

5,475 

2 

1 

1,494 

With  superior  education . 

659 

635 

1 

1 

22 

Spanish  citizens . 

446 

25 

420 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

224 

9 

214 

1 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

10 

10 

Can  read  and  write . 

189 

13 

176 

With  superior  education . 

23 

3 

20 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

2,605 

56 

2,547 

2 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

783 

10 

773 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

43 

43 

Can  read  and  write . 

1,607 

40 

1, 565 

2 

With  superior  education . 

172 

6 

'  166 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens . 

1,371 

76 

11 

259 

1,025 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

904 

5 

8 

14 

877 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

12 

1 

1 

10 

Can  read  and  write . 

281 

24 

1 

119 

137 

With  superior  education . 

174 

46 

2 

125 

1 

SANTA  CLARA. 


Total  voting  age . 

100,113 

45,534 

21,953 

899 

31, 727 

Cuban  citizens . 

71, 462 

44, 976 

66 

11 

26,409 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

46,084 

25, 118 

22 

6 

20, 938 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

915 

520 

395 

Can  read  and  write . 

23, 475 

18, 374 

43 

4 

5,054 

With  superior  education . 

988 

964 

1 

1 

22 

Spanish  citizens . 

1,481 

32 

1,447 

1 

1 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

88 

2 

86 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

17 

1 

16 

Can  read  and  write . 

1 , 330 

25 

1, 304 

1 

With  superior  education . 

46 

4 

41 

1 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

12, 947 

182 

12, 744 

2 

19 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

3, 043 

41 

2, 992 

10 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

117 

4 

113 

Can  read  and  write . 

9, 556 

125 

9, 420 

2 

9 

With  superior  education . 

231 

12 

219 

— 

— 

CITIZENSHIP 


231 


Table  XIII. — Males  21  years  of  aye  and  over,  by  citizenship,  literacy,  etc. — Continued. 


SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


All 

classes. 

Whites 
born  in 
Cuba. 

Whites 
born  in 
Spain. 

Whites 
born  in 
other 
coun¬ 
tries. 

Colored, 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens. . . . 

14,2*23 

344 

7,696 

885 

5,298 

Can  neither  read  nor  write . 

10, 304 
123 

73 

5,113 

95 

262 

4, 856 

Can  read  but  can  not  write . 

3 

6 

19 

Can  read  and  write . 

3,557 

239 

210 

2,455 

33 

472 

420 

With  superior  education . 

58 

145 

3 

SANTIAGO. 


Total  voting  age . 

Cuban  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 

Spanish  citizens . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 

Citizens  in  suspense . 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 

Foreign  and  unknown  citizens 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 
Can  read  but  can  not  write 

Can  read  and  write . 

With  superior  education  . . . 


71,  307 

31,496 

9,  421 

1,162 

29, 228 

58, 722 

31,034 

13 

9 

27, 666 

38, 981 

19, 068 

4 

1 

19, 908 

594 

223 

371 

17, 821 

10, 494 

9 

2 

7,316 

1,326 

1,249 

6 

71 

1,160 

6 

1,151 

3 

291 

289 

2 

8 

8 

815 

6 

808 

i 

46 

46 

8,357 

118 

8,205 

12 

22 

2,  788 

35 

2, 736 

4 

13 

89 

2 

87 

5,196 

74 

5, 105 

8 

9 

284 

7 

277 

3, 068 

338 

52 

1,141 

1,537 

1,015 

10 

25 

111 

869 

14 

1 

2 

2 

9 

1,501 

188 

19 

663 

631 

538 

139 

6 

365 

28 

232 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XIII. — Males  21  years  of  age  and  over  according  to  citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

Whites  Born  in  Cuba. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


248 


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Table  XIII. — Males  21  years  of  age  and  over  according  to  citizenship ,  literacy ,  and  education — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Whites  Born  in  Other  Countries— Continued. 

» 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


250 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 


CITIZENSHIP. 


251 


« 

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ship 

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Table  XIV, — Citizenship  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CUBA — Continued. 


252 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CUBA — Continued. 


CITIZENSHIP 


253 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CUBA — Continued. 


254 


REPORT  ON  THE 


CENSUS 


OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XI Y. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


256 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA.  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


264 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


266 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS 


OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


276 


■REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CU1SA,  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  aye ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


CITIZENSHIP 


277 


Foreign  white  females. 

Other 

and  un¬ 

known 

citizen¬ 

ship. 

(DCOl-OOHCDaiC^-^^WCOCOH 

443 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

OuOHHHCOC'lOJOiOOlCOO 

T— iC^O^T^COCOCOCOr— liOOO 
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HH  h  h  iN  h 

126 

r* 

5 

5 

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197 

Total. 

^OiOHHCOOHHlOCOI^^H 
XI'^OOCCiOO^h'NmiNX 
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1,867 

Foreign  white  males. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known 
citizen¬ 
ship. 

COCOC^OJWC^iCl^ChO’fQOC^ 
rH  CM  rH  CO  rH 

1,360 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

COCMH«t^QCO^O>COt^COi0^t< 

H^OSOOCOHdiOHHOJO 

HMrHCC^COiO^fTfrH 

HHClH 

8,789 

Spanish. 

H^iOOOCOOJOidOiClOoOO 

HHH  ClCOClMOJTf  h 

rH  CM  rH  CO  rH 

1,  201 

Cuban. 

CO  CD  Ld  iO  IC  1  iC  rf  CO  CD  CO  •  rH 

CO  HH  •  • 

•  * 

•  t 

*  • 

«  t 

•  t 

•  i 

•  • 

CO 

G5> 

Total. 

CMCOCOCMiOCMr^QOOOCMCOOrH 
GC  Ih  "H*  Hf  1,0  CD  05  H  H  CD  CD  D1  -f 
HHdHOC5l>*Ht>*CDCl 

HHHCOH 

11,446 

Total  foreign  white. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known 
citizen¬ 
ship. 

HOOJGOiOcDHOOOdHcpiOC^ 

CDiOiOCOiOCOOWlOI'XOrf 

CM  CO  CM  CO  rH  rH 

1,803 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Oit^iOGOrHOJCOaOCOCMCMGOO 

M  H  i6  H  H  CD  Ch  'D  X  CO  1'  X  CD 
HHCMHCOiOHNiOiOCM 

rH  rH  CM  rH 

9, 890 

Spanish. 

H  CO  iO  CO  05  X  X  H  ^  O 

H  CM  H  CM  COiCOiCHiOH 

rH  CM  CM  CO  CM 

1,327 

Cuban. 

CMCOCMOt^<OtOiCOOI>CM^<M 

CO  CO  CM  rH  CM  CM  rH  CM  rH 

293 

Total. 

CD  Cl  H  CO  CD  O  l"  05  O  iC  »0  CO  rf  C^ 

CD  iO  N  Cl  CO  DUO  X  CO  CO  I-  iO  CM 
rHrHCMCMCOCMCMlHOi^O^l^CO 

rH  CM  rH  CO  rH 

13,313 

Unller  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over . 

Unknown _ _ _ 

The  province . 

278 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


CITIZENSHIP 


279 


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/ 


Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  aye ,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 


280 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS 


OF  CUBA,  1899. 


CITIZENSHIP 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  cmd  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 


282 


REPORT  ON  THE 


CENSUS 


OE  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


CITIZENSHIP 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA — Continued. 


286 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  aye,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


CITIZENSHIP 


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Table  XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS — Continued. 


290 


REPORT  ON  THE 


CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


CITIZENSHIP 


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CITIZENSHIP. 


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XIV. — Citizenship  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
CITY  OF  SANTIAGO., 


CITIZENSHIP 


295 


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296 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


298 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


299 


Table  XV. — Conjugal  condition. 

[Figures  iu  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Habana . 

424, 804 
235, 981 
202, 444 
173, 064 
88, 234 
356,  536 
327, 715 

289, 770 
160,  780 
143,  988 
124, 482 
62, 369 

77,546 

4 2, 071 
27, 087 
27, 100 
17, 210 
56,  925 
40, 483 

28, 730 
18, 253 
20, 942 
12, 386 
3,505 
26, 607 
39, 562 

28, 612 
14, 799 
10, 089 

146 

City  of  Habana . 

78 

Matanzas . 

338 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

8;  964 
5,129 
20,110 
12, 263 

132 

Puerto  Principe . 

21 

Santa  Clara . 

252;  757 
235, 343 

137 

Santiago . 

64 

Cuba . 

1,572,797 

1, 108, 709 

246, 351 

131, 732 

85, 167 

838 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Aguacate . 

3,163 

2,259 
5,939 
1, 197 

392 

356 

155 

Alquizar . 

8,  746 
1,725 
6,523 
5, 142 
5,756 
4,210 
1,004 
2, 718 
2,197 
20, 080 
13, 965 

1,789 

501 

516 

Bainoa . 

285 

88 

155 

Batabano . 

4;  393 
3, 459 
3,789 
2,885 
713 

1,392 

1,009 

1,240 

913 

322 

415 

Bauta . 

327 

347 

Bejucal . . 

210 

512 

Cano . 

132 

278 

Casiguas . 

152 

78 

61 

Catalina . 

1,889 
1,519 
13, 795 
9,700 
1,312 
7,885 

495 

115 

218 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

410 

92 

176 

Guanabacoa . 

3,322 

2,052 

312 

1,354 

1,111 

56 

1,605 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

1,099 

154 

Guara . 

1,835 

11,394 

11,548 

Gfiines . 

1,750 
2, 103 
43, 349 
1,2, 071 
774 

867 

889 

Guira  de  Melena . 

7,958 
164,897 
160, 780 
2,184 
2, 761 
2,548 
1,996 
5, 944 
2,266 
5, 480 
757 

781 

703 

Habana . 

242, 055 
235,  981 
3, 199 
4, 076 
3,744 
2,887 
8,593 
3,207 
7,761 
1, 101 

18, 492 
18, 253 
56 

15,231 
U,  799 
184 

City  of  Habana . 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

Jaruco  . 

684 

286 

343 

Madruga . ! . 

676 

135 

385 

Managua . 

564 

100 

226 

Marianao . 

1,551 

558 

540 

Melena  del  Sur . 

'479 

286 

176 

Nueva  Paz . 

1,224 

235 

603 

448 

Pipian . 

20 

89 

Quivic&n . 

2,423 
11,363 
3,293 
1,855 
12,  631 
1,915 
4, 154 

1,683 

7.437 
2, 210 
1,291 

8.437 
1,360 

426 

136 

175 

Regia . 

2, 385 
779 

715 

823 

Salud . 

22 

282 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . 

342 

92 

130 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . 

2,827 

292 

350 

1,017 

128 

San  Felipe . 

134 

San  Jos6*de  las  Lajas . 

2, 771 
3,208 
2, 009 
1,918 
7,022 
1,011 
1,588 

741 

218 

423 

San  Nieol&s . ” . 

4,  568 
2, 965 
2,730 
10, 276 
1,551 
2,416 

688 

386 

285 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

484 

271 

201 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

449 

137 

226 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

2, 104 
322 

340 

791 

Tapaste . 

82 

136 

Vereda  Nueva . 

607 

32 

189 

The  province . 

424, 804 

289, 770 

77,546 

28, 730 

28, 612 

Un¬ 

known. 


1 

1 


5 

2 


4 

3 

1 

3 

3 

86 

78 

1 

2 


3 

3 


1 

1 

1 


19 


146 


300 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 
Table  XV. — Conjugal  condition — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Alacranes . 

8,110 

5,691 

936 

1,094 

388 

1 

Bolondr6n . 

9,179 

6,  316 

1,015 

1.493 

355 

Cabezas . 

184 

3,840 

920 

95 

329 

Canasi . 

l’  993 

1,385 

248 

248 

112 

Cardenas . 

24, 861 

17;  421 

4,066 

1,818 

1,554 

2 

City  of  Cdrdenas . 

21, 9lt0 

15, 320 

3,633 

1,605 

1,380 

2 

Carlos  Rojas . 

3, 174 

2,493 

292 

267 

122 

Col6n . 

12, 195 

8'  941 

1,527 

1,211 

516 

Cuevitas . 

b, 807 

4'  083 

'756 

712 

256 

Guamacaro . 

6,000 

4;  283 

660 

801 

254 

2 

Jagiiey  Grande . 

5, 853 

4,104 

900 

523 

325 

1 

Jovellanos . 

7,529 

5, 469 

716 

1,043 

299 

2 

Macagua . 

5,042 

3, 606 

582 

642 

212 

Macuriges . 

10;  405 

?;  447 

1,041 

1,533 

370 

14 

Marti . 

8.905 

6,352 

1,071 

1,192 

290 

Matanzas . 

45',  282 

31,380 

7;  263 

3j  307 

3,030 

302 

City  of  Matanzas . 

36, 37 4 

25, 520 

5,607 

2,817 

2,U09 

21 

M<iximo-G6mez  . 

4,046 

3,006 

424 

434 

182 

Mendez  Capote . 

2,158 

1, 556 

320 

206 

lb 

1 

Palmillas . 

7,647 

5,378 

864 

1,150 

251 

4 

Perico . 

4,449 

3,221 

455 

608 

165 

Roque . 

4,464 

3'  393 

492 

421 

158 

Sabanilla . 

5'  205 

3i  718 

707 

518 

262 

San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos . 

6i  765 

4,915 

840 

776 

226 

8 

Santa  Ana . 

2, 965 

2, 172 

395 

256 

142 

Uni6n  de  Reyes . 

b,  226 

3;  818 

597 

594 

216 

1 

The  province . 

202, 444 

143, 988 

27, 087 

20, 942 

10, 089 

338 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas . 

Candelaria . 

Cons61aci6n  del  Norte  . . 

Cons61aci6n  del  Sur . 

Guanajay . 

Guane  . 

Guayabal . 

Julian  Diaz . 

Los  Palacios . . 

MAntua. . 

Mariel . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  . 
San  Diego  de  Nunez 
San  Juan  y  Martinez. . . . 

San  Luis . 

Vinales . 


The  province 


9,317 

6,  656 

1,486 

576 

589 

10 

2,117 

1,588 

206 

213 

110 

3,853 

2,914 

324 

435 

180 

4,866 

3, 372 

695 

450 

349 

7,399 

5,301 

1,300 

•  363 

431 

4 

16, 665 

12,331 

2,474 

1,043 

815 

2 

8,796 

6,091 

1,535 

449 

721 

14,  760 

10,450 

2, 249 

1,285 

775 

1 

2,710 

1,883 

520 

122 

184 

1 

1,871 

1,455 

218 

103 

95 

2,456 

1,728 

287 

282 

158 

1 

8,366 

5,892 

1,274 

827 

372 

1 

3,631 

2,578 

554 

259 

240 

38, 343 

27,756 

5, 989 

2,992 

1,572 

34 

8,880 

6,407 

1, 32 U 

686 

463 

4, 263 

2,967 

706 

298 

292 

2, 419 

1,742 

372 

134 

170 

1 

1,137 

781 

92 

222 

42 

14,  787 

10,834 

2,358 

869 

715 

11 

7,608 

5, 425 

1,358 

432 

333 

60 

17,700 

12,  738 

3,103 

1,032 

821 

6 

173, 064 

124, 482 

27, 100 

12, 386 

8,964 

132 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

9  801 

7  018 

2  007 

253 

523 

Mor6n . 

9^  630 

7, 152 

1,834 

143 

501 

Nuevitas . 

10, 355 

7,414 

1,974 

459 

507 

1 

Puerto  Principe . 

53,140 

36, 783 

10, 609 

2, 328 

3, 401 

19 

City  of  l*u'crto  Principe . 

25, 102 

17, 155 

4,956 

785 

5, 20U 

2 

Santu  Cruz  del  Sur . 

5,308 

4,002 

786 

322 

197 

1 

The  province . 

88,234 

62,369 

17,210 

3,505 

5,129 

21 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


301 


Table  XV. — Conjugal  condition — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces  . 

Esperanza . 

Palmira . 

Placetas . 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus  . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . 

Santa  Clara . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  . . 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . 

City  of  Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 

The  province . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

3,  995 

3,014 

561 

267 

153 

8,650 

6,121 

1,517 

553 

457 

2 

13, 419 

9, 300 

1,982 

1,412 

702 

23 

14,495 

10, 164 

2,526 

1,158 

645 

2 

6,244 

4,622 

917 

327 

377 

1 

6,  9.54 

5,041 

954 

634 

324 

1 

59, 128 

41, 996 

9,210 

4, 924 

2,973 

25 

80, 088 

20, 973 

5 ,798 

2, 535 

1,725 

9 

3,825 

2, 680 

657 

236 

252 

7,953 

5, 665 

1,112 

714 

461 

1 

7,811 

5, 293 

1,414 

507 

596 

1 

6, 527 

5,102 

778 

361 

286 

11,961 

8,480 

1,999 

773 

708 

1 

8, 890 

6,391 

1,292 

786 

420 

1 

7,532 

5, 359 

949 

918 

303 

3 

5,059 

3,518 

716 

499 

325 

1 

9, 562 

7,042 

1,452 

621 

445 

2 

21,342 

15,304 

2,941 

2,023 

1,067 

7 

12, 728 

9, 158 

1,715 

1,155 

706 

4 

12, 832 

8,922 

2, 569 

501 

840 

25, 709 

18, 124 

4,537 

1,098 

1,917 

33 

12, 696 

9,156 

1,959 

4  73 

1,112 

6 

5,369 

3, 593 

1,015 

372 

388 

1 

6,445 

4,546 

1,133 

424 

340 

2 

5,600 

3, 785 

1,064 

406 

344 

1 

14, 833 

10, 563 

2,406 

1,044 

818 

2 

28, 437 

19,  791 

4,734 

1, 975 

1,915 

22 

13,  763 

9, 825 

1, 957 

955 

1,057 

9,  603 

7,050 

1,330 

781 

441 

1 

10, 372 

7,046 

1,782 

815 

729 

24, 271 

17, 153 

3,814 

1,865 

1,436 

3 

11, 120 

8,053 

1,695 

6817 

685 

1 

9,718 

7,092 

1,564 

613 

448 

1 

356,  536 

252, 757 

56, 925 

26,  607 

20, 110 

137 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo . 

Baracoa . 

Bayamo . 

Campechuela . 

Caney . 

Cobre  . 

Cristo . 

Gibara  . 

Guantanamo . 

Holguin . %. 

Jiguani . 

Manzanillo . 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

Mayan . 

Niquero . 

Palma  Soriano . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Sagua  de  T&naruo . 

San  Luis . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba 

The  proviijce . 


12, 770 

9,763 

975 

1,788 

244 

21,944 

15,  745 

2,  777 

2,530 

889 

3 

21,193 

15, 846 

1,235 

3,618 

488 

6 

7,369 

5,481 

494 

1,247 

147 

9,126 

6, 879 

984 

1,028 

235 

10,  707 

7, 927 

720 

1,853 

205 

2 

1,194 

894 

138 

119 

43 

31,594 

21,961 

6,108 

1,984 

1,518 

23 

28, 063 

20, 002 

2,497 

4,766 

790 

8 

34, 506 

23,454 

6,953 

2,237 

1,856 

6 

10, 495 

7,741 

873 

1,642 

238 

1 

32, 288 

23, 668 

2, 729 

4,896 

994 

1 

15, 565 

10, 670 

1,688 

1,555 

661 

8, 504 

6,047 

1,242 

890 

323 

2 

2,718 

1,961 

200 

491 

66 

12, 305 

8,624 

1,301 

2,028 

350 

2 

19,984 

14,119 

2,834 

2, 163 

868 

5,796 

4,182 

750 

646 

217 

1 

11,681 

8, 336 

1,109 

1,879 

357 

45, 478 

32,  713 

6,564 

3,757 

2,435 

9 

4 3,090 

30, 998 

6, 396 

3, 299 

2,388 

9 

327, 715 

235, 343 

40, 483 

39, 562 

12, 263 

64 

302 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVI. — Conjugal  condition  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

CUBA. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

All  classes . 

1,572, 797 

1,108,709 

246, 351 

131, 732 

85, 167 

838 

Males . 

815, 205 

600,790 

125, 067 

65, 793 

23, 059 

496 

Females . 

757, 592 

507, 919 

121,284 

65, 939 

62, 108 

342 

Native  white . 

910, 299 

637, 399 

169,354 

41,052 

61,859 

635 

Males . 

447, 373 

336, 252 

75, 454 

20, 095 

15, 207 

365 

Females . 

462, 926 

301,147 

93,  900 

20,957 

46, 652 

270 

Foreign  white . 

142, 093 

76, 826 

45, 189 

8, 975 

11,046 

62 

Males . 

115, 740 

68, 671 

34, 306 

7,516 

5,199 

48 

Females . 

26, 358 

8,155 

10,883 

1,459 

5,847 

14 

Colored  . 

520, 400 

394, 484 

31,808 

81,  705 

12. 262 

141 

Males . 

252, 092 

195,867 

15, 307 

38, 182 

2, 653 

83 

Females . 

268, 308 

198, 617 

16,501 

43, 523 

9,609 

58 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


All  classes . 

424, 804 

289, 770 

77, 546 

28, 730 

28,612 

146 

Males . 

221,990 

159, 758 

40, 083 

14, 322 

7, 743 

84 

Females . 

202, 814 

130, 012 

37, 463 

14, 408 

20, 869 

62 

Native  white . .• . 

243, 619 

166, 162 

49,679 

7,880 

19,803 

95 

Males . 

116, 838 

86, 351 

21,549 

3,999 

4,892 

47 

Females . 

126, 781 

79,811 

28, 130 

3,881 

14, 911 

48 

Foreign  white . 

68, 971 

38, 623 

21,068 

3, 746 

5, 501 

33 

Males . 

54,162 

33, 754 

15, 319 

2,824 

2,240 

25 

Females . 

14, 809 

4,869 

5,749 

922 

3,261 

8 

Colored . 

112, 214 

84,985 

6, 799 

17, 104 

3,308 

'  18 

Males . 

50, 990 

39, 653 

3,215 

7,499 

611 

12 

Females . 

61,224 

45, 332 

3,584 

9,605 

2, 697 

6 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


All  classes . 

202, 444 

143, 988 

27, 087 

20, 942 

10, 089 

338 

Males . 

103, 726 
98,  718 

76, 709 

13, 602 
13, 485 

10, 456 
10,486 

2, 760 

199 

Females . 

67;  279 

7, 329 

139 

Native  white . 

102,  682 

72, 497 

19,554 

2,  773 

7, 562 

296 

Males . 

50,  324 
52, 358 

38, 181 
34, 316 

8, 611 
10, 943 

1,453 

1,320 

1,904 

5,658 

175 

Females . 

121 

Foreign  white . 

15, 235 

7,124 

5, 353 

989 

1,764 

5 

Males . 

11,850 

3,385 

6, 297 
827 

3,923 

1,430 

898 

729 

3 

Females . 

91 

1,035 

2 

Colored . 

84,527 

64, 367 

2, 180 

17, 180 

•  763 

37 

Males . 

41,552 

32,231 
32, 136 

1,068 

1,112 

8, 105 
9,075 

127 

21 

Females . 

42;  975 

636 

16 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


303 


Table  XVI. — Conjugal  condition  by  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total. 

Single. 

% 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

All  classes . 

173, 064 

124, 482 

27,100 

12, 386 

8,964 

132 

Males . 

91,688 
81, 376 

68, 873 
55, 609 

13,783 
13, 317 

6, 189 
6,197 

2, 772 
6, 192 

71 

.  61 

Females . 

Native  white . 

114, 907 

82, 327 

20, 091 

5, 547 

6,843 

99 

Males . . 

Females . 

58, 573 
56, 334 

45, 102 
37, 225 

8,900 
11, 191 

2, 609 
2,938 

1,910 

4,933 

52 

47 

Foreign  white . 

10,718 

5,088 

4,040 

716 

867 

7 

Males . 

9, 447 
1,271 

4,808 

280 

3,408 

632 

664 

52 

560 

307 

7 

Females . 

Colored . 

47, 439 

37, 067 

2, 969 

6, 123 

1,254 

26 

Males . 

23, 668 
23, 771 

18, 963 
18, 104 

1,475 

1,494 

2,916 

3,207 

302 

952 

12 

14 

Females . 

All  classes . 

Males . 

Females. . . 

Native  white. . 

Males . 

Females... 

Foreign  white 

Males . 

Females... 

Colored . 

Males . 

Females. . . 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


88,234 

62,369 

17, 210 

3,505 

5, 129 

21 

44,899 

33,383 

8, 542 

1,754 

1,203 

17 

43, 335 

28, 986 

8,668 

1,751 

3,926 

4 

66, 349 

46, 778 

13, 649 

1,966 

3,948 

8 

32, 575 

24, 568 

6, 309 

898 

794 

6 

33,  774 

22, 210 

7, 340 

1,068 

3, 154 

2 

4,038 

2,071 

1,408 

254 

305 

3,499 

1,873 

1,212 

231 

183 

• 

539 

198 

196 

23 

122 

17,847 

13, 520 

2, 153 

1,285 

876 

13 

8,825 

6, 942 

1,021 

625 

226 

11 

9,022 

6, 578 

1,132 

660 

650 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


All  classes . 

356, 536 

252, 757 

56,925 

26, 607 

20, 110 

137 

Males . 

189, 057 

141,189 

28, 681 

13, 315 

5,791 

81 

Females . 

167, 479 

111,568 

28,244 

13, 292 

14, 319 

56 

Native  white . 

214, 945 

151,130 

40, 401 

7, 661 

15, 659 

94 

Males . 

106, 771 

80, 946 

18,084 

3,598 

4,086 

57 

Females . 

108,174 

70, 184 

22, 317 

4,063 

11,573 

37 

Foreign  white . 

29, 823 

16, 894 

9,203 

1,846 

1,866 

14 

Males . 

25, 336 

15,598 

7,071 

1,604 

1,052 

11 

Females . 

4,487 

1,296 

2,132 

242 

814 

3 

Colored . 

111,768 

84,733 

7,321 

17,100 

2,585 

29 

Males . 

56, 950 

44, 645 

3, 526 

8,113 

653 

13 

Females . 

54,818 

40, 088 

3, 795 

8,987 

1,932 

16 

304  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVI. — Conjugal  conditions  by  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

All  classes . 

327, 715 

235,343 

40,483 

39,562 

12,263 

64 

Males . 

163, 845 

120,  878 

20, 376 

19, 757 

2,790 

44 

Females . 

163,  870 

114, 465 

20, 107 

19,805 

9,473 

20 

Native  white . 

167, 797 

118, 505 

25,980 

15,225 

8,044 

43 

Males . .• . 

82,292 

61, 104 

12,001 

7, 538 

1,621 

28 

Females . 

85, 505 

57, 401 

13,  979 

7, 687 

6,423 

15 

Foreign  white . 

13,313 

7, 026 

4,117 

1,424 

743 

3 

Males . 

11,446 

6,341 

3,373 

1,295 

435 

2 

Females . 

1,867 

685 

744 

129 

308 

1 

Colored . 

146,  605 

109, 812 

10, 386 

22,913 

3,476 

18 

Males . 

70, 107 

53, 433 

5,002 

10,924 

734 

14 

Females . 

76, 498 

56, 379 

5, 384 

11,989 

2, 742 

4 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


All  classes . 

30, 038 

20, 973 

4,  798 

2,534 

1,724 

9 

Males . 

14,589 

10,  627 

2,375 

1,268 

314 

5 

Females . 

15, 449 

10, 346 

2, 423 

1,266 

1,410 

4 

Native  white . 

— 

15, 735 

10, 992 

2,772 

800 

1,169 

2 

Males . 

7, 045 

5, 410 

1,094 

376 

163 

2 

Females . 

8,690 

5, 582 

1,678 

424 

1,006 

Foreign  white . 

3,485 

1,830 

1,129 

313 

212 

1 

Males . 

2,900 

1,647 

871 

274 

107 

1 

Females . 

585 

183 

258 

39 

105 

Colored . 

10, 818 

8,151 

897 

1,421 

343 

6 

Males . 

4,644 

3,570 

410 

618 

44 

2 

Females . 

6, 174 

4,581 

487 

803 

299 

4 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


All  classes . 

235,981 

160,  780 

42,071 

18,253 

14,799 

78 

Males . 

123, 258 

88, 737 

22,003 

9, 105 

3,372 

41 

Females . 

112,  723 

72, 043 

20,068 

9,148 

11,427 

37 

Native  white . 

115,532 

79, 221 

22,719 

4,727 

8, 816 

49 

Males . 

52, 940 

39, 692 

9,191 

2,463 

1,574 

20 

Females . 

62, 592 

39,529 

13, 528 

2,264 

7,242 

29 

Foreign  white . 

52,901 

30, 251 

15,528 

3,080 

4,024 

18 

Males . 

41,190 

26,394 

11,034 

2,271 

1,478 

13 

Females  . 

11,711 

3,857 

4,494 

809 

2,546 

5 

Colored  . 

67,548 

51,308 

3,824 

10,446 

1,959 

11 

Males . 

29, 128 

22,651 

1,778 

4,371 

320 

8 

Females . 

38,  -420 

28,657 

2.046 

6,075 

1,639 

3 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


305 


Table  XVI. — Conjugal  condition  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity. — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


All  classes... 

Males  . . . 
Females 

Native  white 


Males  .... 
Females  . 

Foreign  white 

Males _ 

Females  . 

Colored . 

Males  .... 
Females  . 


All  classes _ 

Males _ 

Females. . . 

Native  white. . 

Males . 

Females. . . 

Foreign  white 

Males _ 

Females. . . 

Colored . 

Males . 

Females. . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

36, 374 

25, 520 

5, 607 

2,817 

2,409 

21 

16, 926 

12, 300 

2, 743 

1,406 

470 

7 

19, 448 

13, 220 

2,864 

1,411 

1,939 

14 

20, 931 

14,629 

3, 857 

709 

1,718 

18 

9, 219 

6,996 

1,574 

366 

276 

7 

11,712 

7, 633 

2, 283 

343 

1,442 

11 

3,644 

1,681 

1,247 

220 

496 

2, 695 
949 

1,408 

273 

930 

192 

165 

317 

28 

331 

11,799 

9,210 

503 

1,888 

195 

3 

5, 012 
6, 787 

3,896 

5,314 

239 

848 

29 

264 

1,040 

166 

3 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


25, 102 

17, 155 

4,  956 

785 

2,  204 

2 

10, 912 
14, 190 

7,919 

2, 249 

393 

351 

9',  236 

2,  707 

392 

1,853 

2 

16,  505 

11,104 

3, 505 

330 

1, 565 

1 

6,  764 

5, 022 
6, 082 

1,413 
2, 092 

145 

184 

9,741 

185 

1,381 

1 

1,283 

602 

482 

88 

111 

1,084 

520 

421 

80 

63 

199 

82 

61 

8 

48 

7, 314 

5,449 

969 

367 

528 

1 

.3, 064 
4, 250 

2, 377 

415 

168 

104 

3;  072 

554 

199 

424 

1 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


All  classes . 

43, 090 

30, 998 

6,  396 

3, 299 

2, 388 

9 

Males . 1 . 

19, 922 
23, 168 

14,661 
16, 337 

3,154 

1,635 

1,664 

465 

7 

Females . 

3;  242 

1,923 

2 

Native  white . 

15, 258 

10, 691 

2, 716 

619 

1,228 

4 

Males . 

6, 702 
8, 556 

5,069 

5,622 

1. 158 

294 

179 

2 

Females . 

1, 558 

325 

1,049 

2 

Foreign  white . 

3, 440 

2,015 

969 

258 

197 

1 

Males . 

2, 795 

1, 712 
303 

744 

230 

108 

1 

Females . 

645 

225 

28 

89 

Colored . 

24, 392 

18, 292 

2,711 

2, 422 

963 

4 

Males . 

10, 425 
13, 967 

7,880 

10,412 

1 , 252 

1,111 

1,311 

178 

4 

Females . 

1,459 

785 

24662 - 20 


306 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XY1L —  Conjuyul  condition  bjj  aye,  sex,  nice,  and  nativity. 

CUBA. 


Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

* 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

577, 036 

576, 361 

67 

61 

22 

525 

15  to  17  years . 

106,  770 

103, 581 

1,632 

1,426 

69 

62 

18  and  19  years . 

71,265 

63,  644 

4,121 

3,218 

256 

26 

20  years . 

40,310 

32, 678 

3, 953 

3,  311 

357 

11 

21  to  24  years . 

112,649 

79,  684 

19,-542 

11,268 

2. 123 

32 

25  to  29  years . 

137, 405 

72,029 

39, 538 

20, 077 

5, 732 

29 

30  to  34  years . 

118, 812 

45, 385 

44,060 

21,256 

8, 088 

23 

35  to  44  years . 

185, 056 

57,221 

72, 637 

35, 324 

19,  821 

53 

45  to  54  years . . 

117, 528 

37, 293 

38,  788 

20, 762 

26, 655 

30 

55  to  64  years . 

68,182 

24, 821 

16,381 

10,352 

16,611 

17 

65  years  and  over . 

37, 699 

15, 957 

5,  624 

4, 673 

11,431 

14 

Unknown . 

85 

55 

8 

4 

2 

16 

Cuba . 

1,572,797 

1,108,709 

246, 351 

131, 732 

85, 167 

838 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

293, 089 

292, 759 

17 

11 

17 

285 

15  to  17  years .  . 

49, 696 

49, 536 

36 

57 

18 

49 

18  and  19  years . 

34,  650 

34, 182 

133 

291 

27 

17 

20  years . 

19,777 

18, 836 

339 

569 

29 

4 

21  to  24  vears .  . 

59, 231 

51,194 

4,014 

3,  777 

223 

23 

25  to  29  years . 

73, 206 

48, 493 

14,612 

8, 895 

1,190 

16 

30  to  34  years . 

64, 023 

29, 374 

21,948 

10, 401 

2,284 

16 

35  to  44  vears . 

101,305 

33, 567 

42,  629 

19, 089 

5,986 

34 

45  to  54  years . 

64, 096 

20, 599 

25, 247 

12, 631 

5,600 

19 

55  to  64  years . 

37, 099 

14,081 

11,708 

6,845 

4,455 

10 

65  years  and  over . 

18,  976 

8,135 

4,378 

3,225 

3, 230 

8 

Unknown . 

57 

34 

6 

2 

15 

Cuba . 

815, 205 

600, 790 

125, 067 

65, 793 

23, 059 

496 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

283, 947 

283, 602 

50 

50 

5 

240 

15  to  17  years . 

57, 074 

54, 045 

1,596 

1,369 

51 

13 

18  and  19  years . . 

36,  615 

29, 462 

3, 988 

2, 927 

229 

9 

20  years . 

20,  533 

13. 842 

3,614 

2, 742 

328 

7 

21  to  24  years . 

53,418 

28, 490 

15,528 

7,491 

1,900 

9 

25  to  29  years . 

64,199 

23, 536 

24,926 

11,182 

4,542 

13 

30  to  34  years . 

54,  789 

16,011 

22,112 

10,855 

5,804 

7 

35  to  44  years . 

83, 751 

23, 654 

30,008 

16, 235 

13,835 

19 

45  to  54  years . 

53,  432 

16, 694 

13,541 

8,131 

15, 055 

il 

55  to  64  years . 

31,083 

10,  740 

4,673 

3, 507 

12,156 

7 

65  vears  and  over . 

18, 723 

7, 822 

1,246 

1,448 

8, 201 

6 

Unknown . 

28 

21 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Cuba . . 

757, 592 

507,919 

121,284 

65, 939 

62, 108 

342 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


307 


Tabae  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  aye,  sc.c ,  ran’,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total.  - 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

383, 432 

382, 891 

55 

23 

16 

447 

15  to  17  vears . 

69,  654 

67, 572- 

1,316 

656 

56 

54 

18  and  19  years . 

44,  438 

39,  473 

3, 355 

1,390 

199 

21 

20  years . 

23,  731 

18, 957 

3,108 

1,371 

290 

5 

21  to  24  vears . 

64,  772 

43,  609 

15,  071 

4,  350 

1,722 

20 

25  to  29  vears . 

74,111 

33, 151 

29, 134 

7,122 

4,  687 

17 

30  to  34  years . 

63,  008 

17,  807 

31,428 

7,  351 

6,  410 

12 

35  to  44  vears . 

95, 001 

19, 241 

49, 043 

11,430 

15, 258 

29 

45  to  54  vears . 

52, 838 

8,620 

24, 174 

5, 168 

14, 859 

17 

55  to  64  years . 

26,  690 

4,063 

9,614 

1,767 

11,238 

8 

65  years  and  over . 

12,  589 

1,989 

3,053 

424 

7,122 

1 

Unknown . 

35 

26 

3 

2 

4 

Cuba . 

910, 299 

637, 399 

169, 354 

41, 052 

61,859 

635 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

195,  718 

195, 445 

12 

2 

13 

246 

15  to  17  vears . 

32, 075 

31,964 

30 

24 

14 

43 

18  and  19  years . 

20,  743 

20, 505 

99 

109 

17 

13 

20  vears . 

10,  996 

10,  538 

239 

195 

23 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

31,095 

26,  730 

2,  772 

1,411 

169 

13 

25  to  29  vears . 

35, 588 

21,690 

9,697 

3, 236 

956 

9 

30  to  34  years . 

31,054 

11 , 422 

14,112 

3, 785 

1,728 

7 

35  to  44  years . 

47,  705 

11,201 

25, 801 

6,409 

4,280 

14 

45  to  54  vears . 

25, 192 

4,191 

14,072 

3,  302 

3, 616 

11 

55  to  64  vears . 

11,996 

1,761 

6,337 

1,274 

2, 621 

3 

65  years  and  over . 

5,187 

787 

2, 281 

348 

1,770 

1 

Unknown . 

24 

18 

9 

4 

Cuba . 

447, 373 

336, 252 

75,454 

20, 095 

15, 207 

365 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

187,  714 

187,446 

43 

21 

3 

201 

15  to  17  years . 

37,  579 

■  35, 608 

1,286 

632 

42 

11 

18  and  19  years . 

23,  695 

18,  968 

3, 256 

1,281 

182 

8 

20  vears . 

12,  735 

8,419 

2, 869 

1,176 

267 

4 

21  to  24  years . 

33,  677 

16, 879 

12, 299 

2,939 

1, 553 

7 

25  to  29  years . 

38,  523 

11,461 

19, 437 

3, 886 

3, 731 

8 

30  to  34  years . 

31,954 

6, 385 

17,316 

3, 566 

4,  682 

5 

35  to  44  years . 

47,  296 

8,040 

23, 242 

5, 021 

10,  978 

15 

45  to  54  years . 

27,646 

4,429 

10, 102 

1,866 

11,243 

6 

55  to  64  years . 

14,694 

2,302 

3,277 

493 

8,617 

5 

65  years  and  over . 

7, 402 

1 , 202 

772 

76 

5, 352 

Unknown . 

11 

8 

1 

2 

Cuba . 

462, 926 

301,147 

93, 900 

20, 957 

46, 652 

270 

308  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CURA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 


CUBA — Continued. 
Total  Foreign  White. 


Total.  • 

•  Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

5,682 

5, 670 

2 

1 

g 

15  to  17  years . 

3,477 

3^  392 

68 

15 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

4,830 

4,584 

183 

49 

11 

3 

20  years . 

3,646 

3, 330 

245 

58 

11 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

16, 549 

14, 129 

1,766 

537 

114 

3 

25  to  29  years . . 

23, 030 

16, 308 

5, 043 

1,306 

367 

6 

30  to  34  vears . 

19,  675 

10, 395 

7,014 

1,588 

672 

6 

35  to  44  years . 

31,512 

11,421 

14, 930 

2,993 

2,156 

12 

45  to  54  years . 

19,314 

4,843 

9,893 

1,670 

2,900 

8 

55  to  64  years . 

9, 820 

1,974 

4,496 

596 

2,  752 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

4,546 

775 

1, 547 

161 

2,061 

2 

Unknown . 

17 

5 

4 

8 

Cuba . 

142, 098 

76, 826 

45, 189 

8, 975 

11,046 

62 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

3, 134 

3,128 

1 

5 

15  to  17  vears. 

2'  640 

2'  637 

1 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

4,068 

4,040 

12 

10 

3 

3 

20  years . 

3, 044 

2,977 

35 

29 

1 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

14, 241 

13, 178 

658 

376 

27 

2 

25  to  29  years . 

19, 647 

15, 401 

3,059 

1,046 

137 

4 

30  to  34  years . 

16, 646 

9, 844 

5,164 

1,295 

338 

5 

35  to  44  years . 

26, 449 

10, 687 

12,014 

2,581 

1,156 

11 

45  to  54  years . 

1 5, 515 

4,442 

8, 211 

1,503 

1,35-1 

5 

55  to  64  years . 

7, 327 

1,721 

3,805 

530 

1,270 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

3, 013 

611 

1,344 

145 

912 

1 

Unknown . 

16 

5 

3 

8 

Cuba . 

115, 740 

68, 671 

34,306 

7, 516 

5, 199 

48 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years.. . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


2, 548 

2, 542 

2 

4 

837 

755 

67 

14 

1 

762 

544 

171 

39 

8 

602 

353 

210 

29 

10 

2,308 

951 

1,108 

161 

87 

1 

3,383 

907 

1,984 

260 

230 

2 

3, 029 

551 

1,850 

293 

334 

1 

5, 063 

734 

2,916 

412 

1,000 

1 

3,799 

401 

1,682 

167 

1,546 

3 

2, 493 

253 

691 

6G 

1,482 

1 

1,533 

164 

203 

16 

1,149 

1 

1 

1 

26,358 

8,155 

10,883 

1,459 

5, 847 

14 

Cuba 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


309 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 


CUBA — Continued. 
Total  Colored. 


1 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

• 

Under  15  years . 

187,  922 

187, 800 

12 

36 

5 

69 

15  to  17  years . 

33,  639 

32, 617 

248 

755 

12 

7 

18  and  19  years . 

21,997 

19,  587 

583 

1,779 

46 

2 

20  years  . 

12,  933 

10,  391 

600 

1,882 

56 

4 

21  to  24  years . 

31,328 

21,946 

2,705 

6, 381 

287 

9 

25  to  29  years . 

40,  264 

22, 570 

5, 361 

11,649 

678 

6 

30  to  34  years . 

36, 129 

17,183 

5,618 

12,  317 

1,006 

5 

35  to  44  years . 

58, 543 

26, 559 

8,664 

20,  901 

2,407 

12 

45  to  54  years . 

45,  376 

23, 830 

4,721 

13,  924 

2,896 

5 

55  to  64  years . 

31,672 

18, 784 

2,  271 

7,989 

2, 621 

7 

65  years  and  over . 

20,  564 

13, 193 

1,024 

4,088 

2, 248 

11 

Unknown . 

33 

24 

1 

4 

4 

Cuba . 

520, 400 

394, 484 

31, 808 

81,  705 

12, 262 

141 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

94, 237 

94, 186 

5 

9 

3 

34 

15  to  17  years . 

14,981 

14,  935 

5 

32 

4 

5 

18  and  19  years . 

9, 839 

9,637 

22 

172 

7 

1 

20  years . 

5,737 

5,321 

65 

345 

5 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

13, 895 

11,286 

584 

1,990 

27 

8 

25  to  29  years . 

17,971 

11, 402 

1, 856 

4,613 

97 

3 

30  to  34  years . 

16, 323 

8, 108 

2,672 

5, 321 

218 

4 

35  to  44  years . 

27, 151 

11,679 

4,814 

10, 099 

550 

9 

45  to  54  years . 

23, 389 

11,966 

2,  964 

7,826 

630 

3 

55  to  64  years . 

17,776 

10,  599 

1,566 

5, 041 

564 

6 

65  years  and  over . 

10,  776 

6,737 

753 

2,  732 

548 

6 

Unknown . 

17 

11 

1 

2 

3 

Cuba . 

252, 092 

195, 867 

15, 307 

38, 182 

2, 653 

83 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

93,  685 

93,  614 

7 

27 

2 

35 

15  to  17  years . 

18,  658 

17,682 

243 

723 

8 

2 

18  and  19  years . 

12, 158 

9,950 

561 

1,607 

39 

1 

20  years . 

7,196 

5, 070 

535 

1,537 

51 

3 

21  to  24  years . 

17,433 

10, 660 

2,121 

4,391 

260 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

22,293 

11,168 

3, 505 

7,036 

581 

3 

30  to  34  years . 

19, 806 

9, 075 

2,946 

6, 996 

788 

1 

35  to  44  years . 

31,392 

14,  880 

3, 850 

10, 802 

1,857 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

21,987 

11,864 

1,757 

6,098 

2,266 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

13, 896 

8, 185 

705 

2,948 

2, 057 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

9,  7S8 

6,456 

271 

1,356 

1,700 

5 

Unknown . 

16 

13 

* 

2 

1 

Ciiba . 

268, 308 

198, 617 

16,  501 

43, 523 

9, 609 

58 

310  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 
Total  Population. 


• 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  vears . 

15  to  17  vears . 

18  and  19  vears . 

20  vears  . . 

21  to  24  vears . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  vears . 

35  to  44  vears . 

45  to  54  vears . 

55  to  64  vears . 

65  years  and  over . 

Unknown . 

130, 465 
28,121 
20, 400 
11,181 
38,070 
45, 029 
36, 463 
53,519 
32, 883 
18, 829 
9,814 
30 

130, 361 
27, 328 
18, 375 
9,309 
27,584 
24,  666 
14,931 
17, 297 
10,032 
6,174 
3,  696 
17 

24 
455 
1,216 
1,105 
6,655 
13, 223 
13, 906 
22, 316 
11,876 
5, 144 
1,624 

2 

16 

299 

725 

669 

3,111 

5,190 

4,961 

7,393 

3,894 

1,810 

661 

1 

13 
27 
75 
94 
714 
1,941 
2,655 
6, 491 
7,074 
5,696 
3,832 

51 

12 

9 

4 
6 
9 

10 

*  22 
7 

5 
1 

10 

The  province . 

424, 804 

289, 770 

77,546 

28, 730 

28,612 

146 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

65, 436 

65,385 

6 

2 

10 

33 

15  to  17  years . 

13, 438 

13,406 

7 

8 

11 

6 

18  and  19  years . 

10, 333 

10, 175 

53 

92 

9 

4 

20  years . 

5,736 

5, 460 

113 

151 

12 

21  to  24  years . 

20;  558 

17;  807 

1,532 

1,128 

87 

4 

25  to  29  vears . . 

24, 981 

16,834 

5, 275 

2,418 

448 

6 

30  to  34  vears . 

20, 357 

10,044 

7,096 

2, 480 

731 

6 

35  to  44  vears . 

29, 682 

10, 420 

13, 337 

4,026 

1,889 

10 

45  to  54  vears . 

17,478 

5, 425 

7,761 

2, 373 

1,916 

3 

55  to  64  years . 

9, 564 

3, 199 

3, 618 

1,181 

1,564 

2 

65  vears  and  over . 

4,401 

1 , 590 

1,283 

462 

1,066 

UnknoAvn . 

26 

13 

2 

1 

10 

The  province . 

221,990 

159, 758 

40, 083 

14, 322 

7,743 

84 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


65, 029 
14, 683 
10,067 
5, 445 
17,512 
20, 048 
16, 106 
23,837 
15,405 
9,265 
5,413 
4 


64, 976 
13,922 
8,200 
3, 849 
9,  777 
7, 832 
4,887 
6, 877 
4,607 
2,975 
2, 106 
4 


18 
448 
1,163 
992 
5,128 
7,948 
6, 810 
8, 979 
4,115 
1,526 
341 


14 
291 
633 
518 
1,983 
2,  772 
2, 481 
3, 367 
1,521 
629 
199 


3 
16 
66 
82 
627 
1,493 
1,924 
4, 602 
5, 158 
4, 132 
2, 766 


18 

6 

5 

4 

2 

3 

4 
12 

4 

3 

1 


202, 814 


130,012 


37,463 


14, 408 


20, 869 


62 


The  province 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


311 


Table  XVII.  —  Conjugal  condition  by  age, ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

93,  026 

• 

92, 949 

21 

8 

9 

39 

15  to  17  vears . 

18,  772 

18,230 

378 

133 

•  22 

9 

18  and  19  years . 

12, 622 

11,227 

1,036 

292 

59 

8 

‘20  years . 

6,413 

5,180 

883 

274 

73 

3 

21  to  24  vears . 

21, 102 

14/282 

5, 106 

1.127 

584 

3 

25  to  29  years . 

23,  075 

10,  398 

9, 408 

1 , 683 

1,580 

6 

30  to  34  vears . 

17, 827 

5,104 

9, 212 

1,435 

2, 071 

5 

35  to  44  years . 

25, 289 

5, 159 

13,  498 

1,861 

4,  758 

13 

45  to  54  years . 

14,211 

2, 074 

6, 629 

758 

4,746 

4 

55  to  64  years . 

7,595 

1,008 

2,  700 

255 

3,628 

4 

65  years  and  over . 

3,680 

546 

807 

54 

2, 273 

Unknown . 

7 

5 

1 

1 

The  province . 

243, 619 

166, 162 

49, 679 

7,880 

19, 803 

95 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

46,910 

46, 873 

5 

1 

7 

24 

15  to  17  vears . 

8,579 

8, 559 

4 

3 

9 

4 

18  and  19  years . 

5, 824 

5,  734 

42 

39 

6 

3 

20  years . 

2,876 

2,  718 

92 

57 

9 

21  to  24  vears . 

9,822 

8, 273 

1,054 

428 

66 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

10,963 

6, 388 

3, 343 

869 

359 

4 

30  to  34  years . 

8,650 

3,229 

4, 067 

812 

540 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

12, 286 

2,966 

6, 923 

1,111 

1,282 

4 

45  to  54  years .  . 

6, 403 

1,006 

3,  749 

466 

1,180 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

3,146 

416 

1,671 

173 

884 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

1,373 

185 

598 

40 

550 

Unknown . 

6 

4 

1 

i 

The  province . 

116, 838 

86,  351 

21 , 549 

3,999 

4, 892 

47 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

46, 116 

46,  0"6 
9,  671 

16 

7 

2 

15 

15  to  17  vears. , . 

10, 193 
6,798 

374 

130 

13 

5 

18  and  19  years . 

5;  493 
2,  462 

994 

253 

53 

5 

20  vears . 

3;  537 

791 

217 

64 

3 

21  to  24  years . 

11,280 

6,009 
4,010 
1, 875 

4,052 
6,065 
5,145 
6, 575 
2, 880 
1,029 
209 

699 

518 

2 

25  to  29  vears. . 

12, 112 
9,177 
13, 003 
7,808 
4,449 
2,307 

1 

814 

1,221 
1,531 
3,476 
3,566 
2,  744 

2 

30  to  34  years . 

623 

3 

35  to  44  years . 

2, 193 
1,068 
592 

7n0 

9 

45  to  54  years . 

292 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

82 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

361 

14 

1 , 723 

Unknown .  . * 

1 

The  province . 

126, 781 

79, 811 

28, 130 

3,881 

14,911 

48 

312  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA — Continued. 
Total  Foreign  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  In  years. 

3, 240 

3,232 

2 

1 

5 

15  to  17  years .  . . . . 

2, 041 

2,003 

33 

4 

1 

]8  and  19  years . 

2;  744 

2;  643 

73 

24 

3 

1 

20  years . . 

1,945 

1,815 

103 

25 

2 

21  to  24  vears .  . 

8, 452 

7, 216 

901 

275 

58 

2 

25  to  29  years . 

11,224 

7,895 

2,559 

594 

173 

3 

30  to  31  vears . 

9,560 

5, 037 

3, 489 

719 

311 

4 

35  to  44  vears .  . 

14,517 

5. 217 

7,043 

1,182 

1,069 

6 

45  to  51  years . . 

8.541 

2, 196 

4,288 

604 

1,451 

2 

55  to  04  years. . . 

4,576 

984 

1,933 

248 

1,410 

1 

65  vears  and  over . 

2,120 

382 

645 

69 

1,023 

1 

Unknown . 

11 

3 

1 

The  province . 

68, 971 

38, 623 

21, 068 

3, 746 

5, 501 

33 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

1,752 

1,748 

1 

3 

15  to  17  vears . 

1,637 

L  635 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

2;  382 

2;  367 

8 

5 

1 

1 

20  vears . 

1,647 

1,624 

10 

13 

21  to  24  years . 

7,155 

6;  634 

326 

179 

14 

2 

25  to  29  vears . 

9,  300 

7, 324 

1,480 

434 

60 

2 

30  to  34  vears . 

7,794 

4,664 

2,457 

532 

138 

3 

35  to  44  years . 

11,552 

4,738 

5, 433 

907 

469 

5 

45  to  54  vears . 

6,417 

1,921 

3, 435 

493 

567 

1 

55  to  64  vears . 

3,197 

816 

1,608 

203 

570 

65  vears  and  over . 

1,318 

280 

560 

58 

420 

Unknown . 

11 

3 

1 

The  province . 

54,162 

33,  754 

15, 319 

2,824 

2, 240 

25 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  vears . 

1,488 

1,484 

2 

2 

15  to  17  years . 

404 

'368 

32 

4 

18  and  1*9  vears . 

362 

276 

65 

19 

2 

20  years  . 

298 

191 

93 

12 

2 

21  to  24  vears . 

1,297 

582 

575 

96 

44 

25  to  29  years . 

1,  924 

571 

1,079 

160 

113 

1 

30  to  34  vears . ! . 

1,766 

373 

1,032 

187 

173 

1 

35  to  44  vears . 

2,965 

479 

1,610 

275 

600 

1 

45  to  54  vears . 

2,124 

275 

853 

111 

884 

1 

55  to  64  vears . 

1,379 

168 

325 

45 

840 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

802 

102 

85 

11 

603 

1 

The  province . 

14, 809 

4,869 

5, 749 

922 

3,261 

8 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


313 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA — Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  vears . 

34, 199 

34, 180 

3 

6 

3 

7 

15  to  17  years . 

7,308 

7,095 

44 

162 

5 

2 

18  and  19  years . 

5,034 

4,505 

107 

409 

13 

20  vears  . . 

2;  823 

2;  314 

119 

370 

19 

i 

21  to  24  years . 

8,516 

6,086 

648 

1,709 

72 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

10, 730 

6, 373 

1,256 

2,913 

188 

30  to  34  vears . 

9;  076 

4;  790 

U205 

2,807 

273 

i 

35  to  44  years . 

13,  713 

6, 921 

1,775 

4,350 

664 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

10, 131 

5,762 

959 

2,532 

877 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

6,658 

4,182 

511 

1,307 

658 

65  vears  and  over . 

4, 014 

2,768 

172 

538 

536 

Unknown . 

12 

9 

1 

2 

The  province . 

112, 214 

84,985 

6,799 

17, 104 

3, 308 

18 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . . 

18  and  19  years _ 

20  years . . 

21  to  24  years . . 

25  to  29  years . . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . . 

The  province 


16,  774 

16,  764 

1 

1 

2 

6 

3,222 

3, 212 

2 

5 

2 

1 

2, 127 

2, 074 

3 

48 

2 

1,213 

1,118 

11 

81 

3 

3,581 

2,900 

152 

521 

7 

1 

4,718 

3,122 

452 

1, 115 

29 

3, 913 

2,151 

572 

1,136 

53 

1 

6,844 

2,716 

981 

2, 008 

138 

1 

4,658 

2,498 

577 

1, 414 

169 

3,221 

1,967 

339 

805 

110 

1,710 

1,125 

125 

364 

96 

9 

6 

1 

2 

50, 990 

39, 653 

3,215 

7,499 

611 

12 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years _ 

15  to  17  years . . 

18  and  19  years _ 

20  years . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


17, 425 

17,416 

2 

5 

1 

1 

4,086 

3,883 

42 

157 

3 

1 

2,907 

2,431 

104 

361 

11 

1,610 

1,196 

108 

289 

16 

1 

4,935 

3,186 

496 

1,188 

65 

6,012 

3,251 

804 

1,798 

159 

5,163 

2,639 

633 

1,671 

220 

7,869 

4,205 

794 

2, 342 

526 

2 

5, 473 

3,264 

382 

1,118 

708 

1 

3, 437 

2, 215 

172 

502 

548 

2, 304 

1,643 

47 

174 

440 

3 

3 

61, 224 

45, 332 

3,584 

9, 605 

2,  697 

6 

314 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

70,441 

70, 139 

7 

11 

284 

15  to  17  years . 

13,096 

12;  714 

119 

224 

4 

35 

18  and  19  years . 

9, 047 

8,191 

336 

492 

26 

2 

20  vears . 

5, 008 

4,152 

335 

482 

39 

21  to  24  vears. . . 

14’ 490 

10' 380 

2,0M 

1,778 

276 

2 

25  to  29  vears . 

17,788 

9,515 

4;  559 

2, 957 

756 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

14, 418 

5,  751 

4,741 

2,913 

1,012 

1 

35  to  44  vears . 

22, 963 

7,801 

7, 851 

4,873 

2,433 

5 

45  to  54  vears . 

16, 969 

6,473 

4,464 

3, 626 

2, 405 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

11,404 

5,285 

1,922 

2,318 

1,877 

2 

65  vears  and  over . 

6,799 

3, 572 

698 

1,266 

1,259 

4 

Unknown . 

21 

15 

1 

2 

2 

1 

The  province . 

202,444 

143, 988 

27, 087 

20,942 

10,089 

338 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years'and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


35,580 

35,427 

2 

2 

149 

6,023 

5, 973 

4 

12 

34 

.  4,160 

4,093 

9 

55 

2 

1 

2,368 

2,230 

22 

112 

4 

7,098 

6,082 

371 

625 

18 

2 

8,852 

5, 792 

1,559 

1,&53 

147 

1 

7,453 

3,462 

2,277 

1,420 

294 

12, 287 

4,420 

4,572 

2,552 

738 

5 

9,466 

3,850 

2,862 

2,076 

677 

1 

6, 759 

3, 399 

1,387 

1,439 

533 

1 

3,668 

1,972 

536 

809 

347 

4 

12 

9 

1 

1 

1 

103, 726 

76, 709 

13, 602 

10,456 

2,  760 

199 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


34, 861 

34, 712 

5 

9 

135 

7, 073 

6, 741 

115 

212 

4 

1 

4,887 

4,098 

327 

437 

24 

1 

2,640 

1,922 

313 

370 

35 

7,392 

4,298 

1,683 

1,153 

258 

8, 936 

3,  723 

3,000 

1,604 

609 

6, 965 

2, 289 

2, 464 

1,493 

718 

1 

10, 676 

3,381 

3, 279 

2, 321 

1,695 

7,503 

2, 623 

1,602 

1,550 

1,728 

4,645 

1,886 

535 

879 

1,344 

1 

3,131 

1,600 

162 

457 

912 

9 

6 

1 

2 

98, 718 

67,279 

13, 485 

10,486 

7,329 

139 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


315 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  vears . 

42, 119 

41,857 

6 

1 

255 

15  to  17  years . 

8, 141 

7;  943 

102 

61 

2 

33 

18  and  19  vears . 

5, 424 

5,000 

274 

127 

21 

2 

20  vears  . 

2,766 

2, 362 

269 

104 

31 

21  to  24  years . 

8;  152 

5, 850 

1,677 

399 

225 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

9, 243 

4,377 

3,637 

582 

646 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

7,034 

1,976 

3, 685 

511 

862 

35  to  44  years . 

10,267 

1  j  882 

5, 698 

649 

2,036 

2 

45  to  54  years . 

5, 660 

762 

2,857 

253 

1,787 

1 

55  to  64  ytars . 

2, 662 

329 

1 , 033 

69 

1,231 

65  years  and  over . 

1,202 

150 

'316 

17 

719 

Unknown . 

12 

9 

2 

i 

The  province . 

102, 682 

72, 497 

19, 554 

2,  773 

7, 562 

296 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

80  to  31  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


21,440 

21 , 302 

2 

136 

3;  762 

3;  725 

3 

2 

32 

2,  500 

2, 479 

6 

13 

1 

1 

1,302 

1,269 

15 

15 

3 

3, 842 

3,378 

285 

163 

15 

1 

4,328 

2,789 

1,112 

297 

129 

1 

3, 472 

1,306 

1,620 

304 

242 

5, 220 

1,218 

3,001 

413 

586 

2 

2, 730 

450 

1,659 

174 

446 

1 

1,224 

181 

677 

57 

309 

496 

77 

231 

15 

173 

8 

7 

i 

.50, 324 

38, 181 

8,611 

1,453 

1,904 

175 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years  . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


20,  679 

20, 555 

4 

1 

119 

4,379 

4, 218 

99 

59 

2 

1 

2, 924 

2, 521 

268 

114 

20 

1 

1,464 

1,093 

254 

89 

28 

4'  310 

2, 472 

1 , 392 

236 

210 

4,915 

1,588 

2, 525 

285 

517 

3, 562 

670 

2, 065 

207 

620 

5, 047 

664 

2,697 

236 

1 , 4  .^0 

2, 930 

312 

1,198 

79 

1,341 

1,438 

148 

356 

12 

922 

706 

73 

85 

2 

516 

4 

2 

2 

52, 358 

34,316 

10, 943 

1,320 

5, 658 

121 

316  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


Total. 


484 
290 
385 
278 
1, 558 
2,082 
1,900 
3,394 
2,  462 
1,592 
809 
1 


15, 235 


Single. 


480 

285 

355 

247 

1,305 

1,370 

975 

1,154 

542 

300 

111 


7,124 


Married. 


5 

22 

20 

193 

534 

676 

1,613 

1,272 

715 

302 

1 


Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


6 

8 

40 

129 

167 

359 

184 

75 

21 


Wid¬ 

owed. 


5,353 


989 


Un¬ 

known. 


I 


2 

3 

20 

49 

82 

267 

464 

502 

375 


1,764 


Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

273 

271 

2 

15  to  17  years . 

190 

190 

18  and  1*9  years . 

284 

282 

1 

1 

20  vears . 

221 

213 

2 

5 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

1,287 

1,205 

46 

34 

2 

25  to  29  vears . 

l,  720 

1,287 

304 

117 

12 

30  to  34  vears . 

l’  576 

911 

478 

153 

34 

35  to  44  vears . 

2;  809 

1,083 

1,258 

333 

134 

1 

45  to  54  vears . 

1,870 

502 

995 

169 

204 

55  to  64  vears . 

L 112 

264 

588 

67 

193 

65  vears  and  over . 

507 

89 

250 

19 

149 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  province . 

11,850 

6,297 

3, 923 

898 

729 

3 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  1*9  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years'and  over  . . 

The  province 


211 

209 

100 

95 

5 

101 

73 

21 

5 

2 

57 

34 

18 

3 

2 

271 

100 

147 

6 

18 

362 

83 

230 

12 

37 

324 

64 

198 

14 

48 

585 

71 

355 

26 

133 

592 

40 

277 

15 

260 

480 

36 

127 

8 

309 

302 

22 

52 

2 

226 

3, 385 

827 

1,430 

91 

1,035 

2 


2 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


317 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 


Wid¬ 

owed. 


Un¬ 


known. 


consent. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


27, 838 
4,665 
3, 238 
1,964 
4,780 
6,463 
5,484 
9,302 
8,847 
7,150 
4,788 
8 


27, 802 
4, 486 
2,836 
1,543 
3,225 
3,768 
2, 800 
4,765 
5, 169 
4,  656 
3,311 
6 


1 

12 

40 

46 

184 

388 

380 

540 

335 

174 

80 


10 

163 

2 

359 

3 

370 

5 

1,339 

31 

2,246 

61 

2,235 

68 

3,865 

130 

3,189 

154 

2,174 

144 

1,228 

165 

2 


84, 527 


64, 367 


2,180 


17, 180 


763 


37 


Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


13,  867 

13,854 

2 

11 

2, 071 

2, 058 

1 

10 

2 

1,376 

1,332 

2 

41 

1 

845 

748 

5 

92 

1,969 

1,499 

40 

428 

1 

1 

2,804 

1,716 

143 

939 

6 

2, 405 

1,245 

179 

963 

18 

4,258 

2,119 

313 

1,806 

18 

2 

4,866 

2,898 

208 

1,733 

27 

4, 423 

2, 954 

122 

1,315 

31 

1 

2,665 

1,806 

55 

775 

25 

4 

3 

2 

1 

41, 552 

32, 231 

1,068 

8, 105 

127 

21 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


13, 971 

13, 948 

1 

8 

14 

2,594 

2,428 

11 

153 

2 

1,862 

1,504 

38 

318 

2 

1,119 

795 

41 

278 

5 

2,811 

1,726 

144 

911 

30 

3, 659 

2,052 

245 

1,307 

55 

3,079 

1,555 

201 

1,272 

50 

1 

5,044 

2,646 

227 

2,059 

112 

3,981 

2,271 

127 

1,456 

127 

2,727 

1,  702 

52 

859 

113 

1 

2,123 

1,505 

25 

453 

140 

5 

4 

1 

42, 975 

32, 136 

1,112 

9, 075 

636 

16 

318  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  X YII. — Conjugal  condition  by  aye,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 
Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  vears . 

68,210 

68, 101 

5 

2 

3 

99 

15  to  17  years . 

12, 260 

11,871 

222 

157 

7 

3 

18  and  19  vears . 

8,467 

7, 512 

542 

374 

34 

5 

20  vears  . 

5,  759 

4,550 

633 

513 

59 

4 

21  to  24  years . . 

13, 636 

9,433 

2,510 

1,408 

278 

7 

25  to  29  vears . 

16, 978 

8, 518 

4,988 

2,667 

801 

4 

30  to  34  vears . 

12.311 

4,361 

4, 819 

2, 154 

977 

35  to  44  vears . 

16, 744 

4,525 

7,166 

2  , 726 

2,323 

4 

45  to  54  vears . 

10, 176 

2, 625 

3, 963 

1,453 

2, 132 

3 

55  to  64  vears . 

5, 502 

1,707 

1,699 

617 

1,479 

65  years  and  over . 

3, 016 

lj  276 

553 

315 

'871 

1 

Unknown . 

5 

3 

2 

The  province . 

173, 064 

124, 482 

27, 100 

12, 386 

8, 964 

132 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

34, 956 

34,902 

4 

3 

47 

15  to  17  years . 

5, 918 

5,901 

3 

9 

3 

2 

18  and  19  years . 

4,256 

4,215 

16 

18 

4 

«> 

O 

20  years . 

2, 808 

2,682 

52 

69 

2 

3 

21  to  24  vears . 

7,153 

6,154 

551 

416 

27 

5 

25  to  29  vears . 

9, 132 

5,880 

1,902 

1,185 

162 

3 

30  to  34  vears . 

6,871 

2, 818 

2, 597 

1,167 

289 

35  to  44  vears . 

9, 569 

2, 822 

4;  304 

L  650 

789 

4 

45  to  54  vears . 

5, 902 

1,615 

2,636 

987 

662 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

3,339 

1,085 

1,279 

459 

516 

65  vears  and  over . 

1.781 

798 

'439 

229 

315 

Unknown . 

3 

1 

2 

The  province . 

9L688 

68,873 

13, 783 

6,189 

2,772 

71 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years'and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


33,254 

6,342 

4,211 

2, 951 
6,483 
7,846 
5, 440 
7, 175 
4,274 
2,163 
1,235 

2 

33,199 
5, 970 
3, 297 
1,868 
3,279 
2,638 
1,543 
1,703 
1,010 
622 
478 

2 

1 

219 
526 
581 
1,959 
3,086 
2, 222 
2, 862 
1,327 
420 
114 

2 

148 

356 

444 

992 

1,482 

987 

1,076 

466 

158 

86 

52 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

30 

57 

251 

639 

688 

1,534 

1,470 

963 

556 

1 

1 

81,376 

55,609 

13,317 

6, 197 

6,192 

61 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


319 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

48, 925 

48, 840 

2 

3 

80 

8,772 

8, 471 

197 

95 

7 

2 

6,000 

5,283 

473 

213 

27 

4 

3,889 

3, 035 

515 

288 

50 

1 

9,369 

6, 240 

2, 091 

792 

240 

6 

11,200 

5, 086 

4,027 

1,406 

679 

2 

7,739 

2, 256 

3,665 

1,030 

788 

10, 071 

1,866 

5,226 

1,130 

1,847 

2 

5,422 

772 

2, 580 

445 

1,623 

2 

2,494 

323 

1,006 

119 

1,046 

1,024 

153 

309 

29 

533 

2 

2 

114, 907 

82, 327 

20, 091 

5, 547 

6,843 

99 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

25, 205 

25, 161 

1 

3 

40 

15  to  17  years . 

4,239 

4/225 

3 

7 

3 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

2, 956 

2, 933 

12 

6 

3 

2 

20  years . 

1,849 

1,778 

36 

32 

2 

1 

21  to  24  vears . 

4,698 

4,037 

416 

217 

24 

4 

25  to  29  years . 

5,714 

3,543 

1,396 

634 

140 

1 

30  to  34  vears . 

4,060 

1,482 

1,782 

568 

228 

35  to  44  vears . 

5,286 

1,188 

2, 802 

719 

575 

2 

45  to  54  years . 

2,783 

476 

1,535 

317 

454 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

1 , 276 

188 

687 

86 

315 

65  years  and  over . 

'507 

91 

230 

23 

163 

The  province . 

A 

58, 573 

45, 102 

8,900 

2,609 

1,910 

52 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


23,  720 

23,  679 

i 

40 

4,533 

4,246 

194 

88 

4 

1 

3,044 

2,  350 

461 

207 

24 

*2 

2,040 

1 , 257 

479 

256 

48 

4,671 

2,203 

1, 675 

575 

216 

2 

5,486 

1,543 

2,631 

772 

539 

1 

3,679 

774 

1,883 

462 

560 

4,785 

678 

2, 424 

411 

1,272 

2, 639 

296 

1,045 

128 

1,169 

1 

1,218 

135 

319 

33 

731 

517 

62 

79 

6 

370 

2 

2 

56, 334 

3/ j 225 

11,191 

2, 938 

4,933 

47 

320  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 
Total  Foreign  White. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years'and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

197 

197 

204 

199 

3 

2 

. 

346 

328 

13 

4 

1 

323 

289 

27 

4 

1 

2 

1,079 

916 

123 

35 

5 

1,633 

1,116 

398 

97 

21 

1 

1,471 

674 

632 

120 

45 

2,432 

760 

1,249 

217 

204 

2 

1,716 

379 

951 

173 

212 

1 

908 

159 

492 

48 

209 

407 

70 

152 

16 

169 

2 

1 

1 

10, 718 

5,088 

4, 040 

716 

867 

7 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

127 

127 

15  to  17  years . 

176 

175 

1 

18  and  19  years _ 

311 

309 

1 

1 

20  years . 

283 

269 

8 

4 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

980 

881 

67 

30 

2 

25  to  29  vears . 

1,471 

1,080 

291 

88 

11 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

1,319 

646 

532 

112 

29 

35  to  44  vears . 

2, 184 

732 

1,104 

198 

148 

2 

45  to  54  years . 

1,494 

370 

828 

168 

127 

1 

55  to  64  vears . 

782 

150 

444 

46 

142 

65  vears  and  over . 

318 

68 

133 

16 

101 

Unknown . 

2 

1 

1 

The  province . 

9,447 

4,808 

3,408 

,  664 

560 

7 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 

The  province 


70 

28 

35 

40 

99 

162 

152 

248 

222 

126 

89 

70 

24 

19 

20 

35 

36 
28 
28 

9 

9 

2 

3 

12 

19 

56 

107 

100 

145 

123 

48 

19 

1 

3 

5 

9 

8 

19 

5 

2 

. 

1 

1 

3 

10 

16 

56 

85 

67 

68 

1,271 

280 

632 

52 

307 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


321 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Under  15  years _ 

15  to  17  years . . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

33  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

19, 088 

19, 064 

3 

2 

19 

3,284 

3,201 

22 

60 

1 

2,121 

1,901 

56 

157 

6 

1 

1,547 

1,226 

91 

221 

8 

1 

3, 188 

2,277 

296 

581 

33 

1 

4, 145 

2, 316 

563 

1,164 

101 

1 

3,101 

1,431 

522 

1,004 

144 

4,241 

1,899 

691 

1,379 

272 

3,038 

1,474 

432 

835 

297 

2,100 

1,225 

201 

450 

224 

1, 585 

1,053 

92 

270 

169 

1 

1 

1 

47, 439 

37, 067 

2, 969 

6, 123 

1,254 

26 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


9,  624 

9,614 

3 

7 

1,503 

1, 501 

1 

1 

989 

'973 

3 

11 

1 

1 

676 

635 

8 

33 

1,475 

1,236 

68 

169 

1 

1 

1,947 

1,257 

215 

463 

11 

1 

1,492 

690 

283 

487 

32 

2,  099 

902 

398 

733 

66 

1,625 

769 

273 

502 

81 

1,281 

747 

148 

327 

59 

956 

639 

76 

190 

51 

1 

1 

23,  668 

18, 963 

1,475 

2, 916 

302 

12 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

9,464 

9,450 

2 

12 

15  to  17  years . 

l'  781 

1,700 

22 

59 

18  and  19  years . 

T  132 

'928 

53 

146 

5 

20  vears . 

871 

591 

83 

188 

8 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

1,713 

1,041 

228 

412 

32 

25  to  29  years . : . - _ 

2, 198 

1,059 

348 

701 

90 

30  to  34  years . 

l'  609 

'741 

239 

517 

112 

35  to  44  years . 

2, 142 

997 

293 

646 

206 

45  to  54  years  . 

1,413 

705 

159 

333 

216 

55  to  64  vears 

819 

478 

53 

123 

165 

65  years  and  over . 

629 

414 

16 

80 

118 

1 

The  province . 

23,771 

18, 104 

1,494 

3, 207 

952 

14 

24662- 


21 


822 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  bg  age,  sex,  race,  andnativitg — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

37, 768 

37, 757 

6 

2 

1 

2 

15  to  17  years . . 

6,211 

6,011 

148 

49 

3 

18  and  19  years . 

3'  439 

2, 996 

316 

111 

16 

20  years . 

1, 755 

1,419 

271 

53 

12 

21  to  24  years. . 

4  493 

3, 072 

1 , 127 

232 

62 

25  to  29  years . 

5,100 

2,593 

1,947 

417 

140 

3 

30  to  34  years . 

5, 944 

2,115 

2, 929 

588 

308 

4 

35  to  44  years . 

9, 943 

2,758 

5,223 

985 

972 

5 

45  to  54  years . 

6, 791 

1,731 

3, 128 

638 

1,292 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

4,200 

1,124 

1,536 

289 

1,249 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

2,587 

791 

579 

141 

1,074 

2 

Unknown . 

3 

2 

1 

The  province . 

88,234 

62, 369 

17,210 

3,505 

5, 129 

21 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

19, 394 

19,390 

1 

1 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

2,857 

2,851 

3 

3 

18  and  19  years . . 

1,624 

1,600 

12 

11 

1 

20  years . 

843 

'814 

18 

9 

2 

21  to  24  vears . 

2, 278 

1,969 

223 

78 

8 

25  to  29  years . 

2, 582 

1,699 

674 

185 

21 

3 

30  to  34  vears . 

2, 963 

1,305 

1,315 

276 

63 

4 

35  to  44  vears . 

5, 208 

1,589 

2, 890 

511 

214 

4 

45  to  54  vears . 

3, 533 

974 

1,896 

383 

278 

2 

55  to  64  vears . 

2, 238 

686 

1,068 

197 

28-5 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

1,378 

505 

442 

100 

330 

1 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  province . 

44, 899 

33,383 

8,542 

1,754 

1,203 

17 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  04  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


18, 374 

18, 367 

5 

1 

1 

3,354 

3, 160 

145 

46 

3 

1,815 

1,396 

304 

100 

15 

912 

605 

253 

44 

10 

2, 215 

1,103 

904 

154 

54 

2,518 

894 

1,273 

232 

119 

2,981 

810 

1,614 

312 

245 

4,735 

1,169 

2,333 

474 

758 

1 

3,258 

757 

1,232 

255 

1,014 

1,962 

438 

468 

92 

964 

1,209 

286 

137 

41 

744 

1 

2 

1 

1 

43, 335 

28, 986 

8, 668 

• 

1,751 

3, 926 

4 

The  province 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


323 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years  . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  04  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . «... 

The  province 


Total . 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

31,017 

31,008 

5 

1 

1 

2 

4,930 

4, 768 

124 

35 

3 

2,654 

2,287 

274 

79 

14 

1,294 

1,009 

244 

31 

10 

3, 176 

2,034 

913 

146 

53 

3,325 

1,415 

1,548 

240 

120 

2 

4,351 

1,245 

2,464 

376 

264 

2 

7,165 

1,543 

4,231 

591 

798 

2 

4,471 

812 

2,354 

315 

990 

2, 606 

454 

1,089 

116 

947 

1,358 

201 

373 

36 

748 

•  2 

2 

66, 349 

46, 778 

13, 649 

1,966 

3,948 

8 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years  . . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years' and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


15, 919 

15,916 

1 

1 

1 

2, 281 

2, 278 

2 

1 

l’ 245 

b  228 

9 

7 

1 

612 

592 

14 

5 

1 

1,508 

1,291 

163 

48 

6 

1,499 

903 

487 

90 

17 

2 

2,053 

767 

1,051 

182 

51 

2 

3,563 

870 

2,236 

294 

162 

1 

2,065 

394 

1,326 

170 

175 

1,216 

232 

732 

73 

179 

613 

96 

288 

28 

201 

1 

1 

32, 575 

24, 568 

6,309 

898 

794 

6 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


15, 098 

15, 092 

4 

1 

1 

2, 649 

2, 490 

122 

34 

3 

1,409 

1,059 

265 

72 

13 

682 

417 

230 

26 

9 

1,668 

743 

780 

98 

47 

1,826 

512 

1,061 

150 

103 

2,298 

478 

1,413 

194 

213 

3, 602 

673 

1,995 

297 

636 

1 

2,406 

418 

1,028 

145 

815 

1,390 

222 

357 

43 

768 

745 

105 

85 

8 

547 

1 

1 

33,  774 

22, 210 

7,340 

1,068 

3,154 

2 

324  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1890. 

Table  XYII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 
Total  Foreign  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

170 

170 

15  to  17  years . 

70 

74 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

77 

74 

2 

1 

20  years . 

71 

04 

5 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

391 

334 

43 

14 

25  to  29  years . 

075 

510 

120 

40 

5 

30  to  34  vears . 

459 

275 

143 

31 

10 

35  to  44  vears . 

874 

321 

437 

78 

38 

45  to  54  vears . 

080 

150 

384 

02 

84 

55  to  04  years . 

370 

57 

200 

18 

89 

05  vears  and  over . 

189 

36 

07 

7 

79 

The  province . 

4,038 

2, 071 

1,408 

254 

r>w5 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  04  years . 

05  years  and  over  . . 

The  province 


95 

95 

47 

47 

01 

61 

53 

51 

1 

1 

350 

310 

24 

10 

030 

495 

101 

38 

2 

424 

270 

118 

30 

0 

795 

308 

380 

72 

29 

00-1 

147 

346 

59 

52 

292 

49 

178 

15 

50 

142 

34 

58 

0 

44 

3,499 

1,873 

1,212 

231 

183  | . 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

81 

81 

15  to  17  years . 

29 

27 

1 

1 

18  and  1*9  years.  . 

16 

13 

2 

1 

20  years . 

18 

13 

4 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

41 

18 

19 

4 

25  to  29  years . 

39 

15 

19 

2 

3 

30  to  34  years _ 

35 

5 

25 

1 

4 

35  to  44  years. . . 

79 

13 

51 

6 

9 

45  to  54  years . 

76 

3 

38 

3 

32 

55  to  64  vears . 

78 

8 

28 

3 

39 

05  vears  and  over . 

47 

0 

9 

1 

35 

The  province . 

539 

198 

190 

23 

122 

CONJUCtAL  condition 


325 


Taklk  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

6, 575 

6,  573 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

l' 205 

l’  169 

23 

13 

. 

18  and  19  years . 

'  70S 

'635 

40 

31 

2 

20  years .  . 

390 

346 

22 

20 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

926 

704 

141 

72 

9 

25  to  29  years . 

1,100 

668 

279 

137 

15 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

1,134 

595 

322 

181 

34 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

1,904 

894 

555 

316 

136 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

1,640 

769 

390 

261 

218 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

1,224 

613 

241 

155 

213 

2 

65  vears  and  over . 

1,040 

554 

139 

98 

247 

2 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  province . 

17, 847 

13,520 

2, 153 

1,285 

876 

13 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

3, 380 

3, 379 

1 

15  to  17  vears  . 

'529 

'526 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years.  . 

318 

311 

3 

•  4 

20  years . 

178 

171 

3 

3 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

420 

362 

36 

20 

2 

25  to  29  years . 

447 

301 

86 

57 

2 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

486 

268 

146 

64 

6 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

850 

411 

268 

145 

23 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

864 

433 

224 

154 

51 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

730 

405 

158 

109 

56 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

623 

375 

96 

66 

85 

1 

The  province . 

8, 825 

6,  942 

1,021 

625 

226 

11 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years  . 

21  to  21  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  4 1  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . . 

The  province 


3, 195 
676 

3, 194 
643 

1 

22 

11 

390 

324 

37 

27 

2 

212 

175 

19 

17 

1 

506 

342 

105 

52 

7 

653 

367 

193 

80 

13 

.  648 

327 

176 

117 

28 

1,054 

776 

483 

287 

171 

113 

336 

166 

107 

167 

494 

208 

83 

46 

157 

417 

1 

179 

43 

32 

162 

i 

1 

9, 022 

6, 578 

1, 132 

660 

650 

2 

326  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 
Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

128,550 

128,461 
23, 966 
14,439 

18 

12 

3 

56 

15  to  17  years. . . 

24, 640 

376 

272 

18 

8 

18  and  19  years . 

16,076 
8, 879 
25, 330 
31 , 536 

911 

643 

74 

9 

20  years  . 

7,270 
18,180 
16, 841 
10, 667 
13,529 
9, 288 
6,316 
3, 795 

5 

892 

605 

no 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

4,377 

2,194 
3, 904 

567 

12 

25  to  29  years. . . 

9, 251 

1,529 

2,117 

11 

30  to  34  years . 

27, 339 

10,492 

17,618 

4,'  058 

5 

35  to  44  years . 

43, 152 

6, 921 

5, 072 
4, 899 

12 

45  to  54  years . 

21, 271 

8,  707 
3, 277 

4,366 

11 

55  to  61  years . 

15; 618 
8,140 

5 

2, 407 

3;  612 
2,109 

6 

65  years  and  over . 

L  006 

1,225 

5 

Unknown . 

The  province . 

356, 536 

252, 757 

56, 925 

26, 607 

20,110 

137 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

65, 303 

65, 264 

2 

5 

1 

31 

15  to  17  years . . . 

11,392 

11,365 

12 

8 

3 

4 

18  and  19  years . 

7,839 

7,  737 

27 

57 

10 

8 

20  years . 

4,410 

4,258 

66 

81 

5 

21  to  24  years . 

13, 735 

12,186 

756 

728 

57 

8 

25  to  29  years . 

17,264 

12,029 

3,194 

1,724 

314 

3 

30  to  34  years . 

15.  324 

7,412 

5, 228 

2,017 

663 

4 

35  to  44  years . : . 

24,614 

8,  726 

10,465 

3, 728 

1,686 

9 

45  to  54  years . 

15,674 

5, 834 

5,  776 

2, 636 

1,421 

7 

55  to  64  rears . 

9,038 

4,146 

2, 365 

1,506 

1,016 

5 

65  years  and  over . 

4,460 

2, 228 

790 

825 

615 

2 

Unknown . 

4 

4 

The  province . 

189,057 

141,189 

28, 681 

13, 315 

5, 791 

81 

Totai.  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

63. 247 

13.248 
8,237 
4, 469 

63, 197 
12,601 
6, 702 
3, 012 
5, 994 
4,812 
3,255 

16 

2 

25 

15  to  17  years . 

364 

264 

15 

4 

18  and  19  years . 

884 

586 

64 

1 

20  years . 

826 

524 

105 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

lL  595 
14, 272 
12,015 
18,538 
11,597 

3, 621 

6, 057 
5, 264 

1,466 
2, 180 

510 

4 

25  to  29  years . 

1,215 

1,454 

8 

30  to  34  years. . . 

2;  041 

3, 193 

1 

35  to  44  years . 

4,803 

3,454 

2,170 

7, 153 
2, 931 
912 

3,386 
3, 478 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

1,730 

4 

55  to  64  years . 

6, 580 
3,680 

1 

'901 

2;  596 
1,494 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

Unknown . 

1,567 

1 

216 

400 

3 

The  province . 

167,479 

111,568 

28, 244 

13,292 

14,319 

56 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


327 


Table  XVII.  —  Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . . . 

45  to  54  vears . 

55  to  61  years . 

65  years  and  over . 

Unknown . 

90, 396 
16,929 
10,  492 
5, 417 
14,880 
17,710 
15,221 
23,314 
12, 335 
5, 824 
2,423 

4 

90, 325 
16,461 
9,382 
4,365 
10, 156 
8,140 
4,461 
4,705 
1,965 
818 
348 

4 

16 
309 
743 
700 
3, 396 
6,919 
7,  679 
12, 361 
5, 638 
2, 057 
583 

4 

136 

303 

257 

851 

1, 376 
1,364 
2, 118 
940 
259 
53 

2 
16 
58 
94 
470 
1,270 
1,714 
4, 123 
3, 786 
2, 688 
1,438 

49 

7 

6 

1 

7 

5 
3 
7 

6 
2 
1 

The  province . 

214, 945 

151,130 

40, 401 

7,661 

15, 659 

94 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


46,034 

46, 001 

2 

1 

1 

29 

7,789 

7, 767 

12 

5 

2 

3 

4,897 

4,843 

18 

24 

6 

6 

2,  517 

2, 440 

42 

30 

5 

7, 338 

6, 534 

503 

251 

45 

5 

8,709 

5, 723 

2, 146 

589 

250 

1 

7, 861 

3, 125 

3, 509 

721 

504 

2 

12,077 

2, 973 

6, 668 

1,161 

1 , 270 

5 

5, 957 

1,029 

3,368 

582 

974 

4 

2, 576 

362 

1,382 

188 

643 

1 

1,013 

146 

434 

46 

386 

1 

3 

3 

106, 771 

80, 946 

18, 084 

3,598 

4,086 

57 

Native  White  Females. 


U nder  15  years . . 

44,362 
9,140 
5, 595 

44, 324 
8, 694 

14 

3 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

297 

131 

14 

52 

18  and  19  years . 

4,539 

1 , 925 

725 

279 

20  vears . 

2, 900 

658 

227 

89 

21  to  24  years. . 

7,542 
9, 001 
7,360 
11,237 

3^  622 
2,417 
1,336 
1,732 

2, 893 
4,773 
4, 170 

600 

425 

25  to  29  years . 

787 

1,020 

1,210 

2,853 

2,812 

30  to  34  years . 

643 

35  to  44  years . 

5, 693 
2,270 
675 

957 

45  to  54  years  . 

O’  378 

'  936 

358 

55  to  64  years . 

3, 248 

456 

71 

2, 045 

65  years  and  over . 

L  410 

1 

202 

149 

7 

L052 

Unknown . 

1 

The  province . 

108,174 

70, 184 

22, 317 

4,063 

11,573 

328  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  X  Y I ! . — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

996 

996 

15  to  17  years . . . 

643 

620 

16 

6 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

942 

881 

44 

11 

4 

2 

20  years  . 

809 

729 

64 

12 

4 

21  to  24  years . 

3, 812 

3, 307 

365 

118 

21 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

5, 227 

3,825 

1,044 

270 

86 

2 

30  to  34  years . 

4, 325 

2, 355 

1,479 

318 

171 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

6,810 

2,654 

3, 139 

617 

398 

2 

45  to  54  Vears . 

3,940 

1,074 

2,016 

347 

500 

3 

55  to  64  years . 

1.621 

339 

780 

120 

381 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

697 

113 

256 

27 

300 

1 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  province . 

29, 823 

16, 894 

9, 203 

1,846 

1,866 

14 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

583 

583 

15  to  17  vears . 

448 

448 

18  and  19  years .  . 

775 

766 

2 

3 

2 

2 

20  years .  . 

678 

662 

12 

4 

21  to  24  years . 

3,  372 

3, 141 

139 

86 

6 

25  to  29  years . . . 

4, 572 

3;  692 

619 

224 

36 

1 

30  to  34  years. . . 

3,784 

2, 298 

1,109 

267 

108 

2 

35  to  44  years .  . 

5, 949 

2, 568 

2,574 

556 

249 

2 

45  to  54  years . 

3, 368 

1,027 

1,726 

325 

288 

2 

55  to  64  years .  . 

1,318 

319 

662 

114 

222 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

488 

93 

228 

25 

141 

1 

Unknown .  .. 

1 

1 

The  province . . 

25, 336 

15, 598 

7,071 

1,604 

1,052 

11 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

413 

413 

15  to  17  vears . 

195 

172 

16 

6 

1 

18  and  19  vears . 

167 

115 

42 

8 

2 

20  years . 

131 

67 

52 

8 

4 

21  to  24  years . 

440 

166 

226 

90 

15 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

655 

133 

425 

46 

50 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

541 

57 

370 

51 

63 

35  to  44  years . 

861 

86 

565 

61 

149 

45  to  54  years . 

572 

47 

290 

22 

212 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

303 

20 

118 

6 

159 

65  years  and  over . 

209 

20 

28 

2 

159 

The  province . 

4,487 

1,296 

2, 132 

242 

814 

3 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


329 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

37, 158 

37, 140 

2 

8 

1 

7 

15  to  17  years . 

7,068 

6, 885 

51 

130 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

4,642 

4, 176 

124 

329 

12 

1 

20  years . 

2,  653 

2,176 

128 

336 

12 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

6, 638 

4,717 

616 

1,225 

76 

4 

25  to  29  years . 

8, 599 

4,876 

1,288 

2,258 

173 

4 

30  to  34  years .  . 

7,793 

3,851 

1,334 

2,376 

232 

35  to  44  years . 

13, 028 

6,170 

2;  118 

4;  186 

551 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

10, 996 

6,249 

1,053 

3, 079 

613 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

8,173 

5,159 

440 

2,028 

543 

3 

65  years  and  over . 

5, 020 

3,334 

167 

1,145 

371 

3 

The  province . 

111, 768 

84, 733 

7,321 

17, 100 

2,585 

29 

Colored  Males. 

Under  15  years . 

18, 686 

18, 680 

4 

2 

15  to  17  years 

3^  155 

3^  150 

3 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

2,167 

2, 128 

7 

30 

2 

20  years . 

1,215 

l'  156 

12 

47 

21  to  24  years . 

3,025 

2;  511 

114 

391 

6 

3 

25  to  29  years . 

3,983 

2,614 

429 

911 

28 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

3,679 

1,989 

610 

1,029 

51 

35  to  44  years . 

6,588 

3,185 

1, 223 

2,011 

167 

2 

45  to  54  years . 

6,  349 

3,  778 

682 

1,729 

159 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

5,144 

3,465 

321 

1,204 

151 

3 

65  years  and  over . 

2,959 

1,989 

128 

754 

88 

The  province . 

56, 950 

44,645 

3,526 

8,113 

653 

13 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18, 472 
3,913 
2,475 

18,460 

3,735 

2,048 

2 

51 

4 

127 

1 

5 

18  and  19  years . 

117 

299 

10 

1 

20  years . 

1,438 

1,020 

116 

289 

12 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

3,613 

2,206 

502 

834 

70 

1 

25  to  29  years .  . 

4, 616 

2, 262 

859 

1,347 

145 

3 

30  to  34  years . 

4,114 

6,440 

1,862 
2, 985 

724 

1 , 347 

181 

35  to  44  years . 

895 

2, 175 

384 

1 

45  to  54  years . 

4,647 

2,471 

371 

1,350 

454 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

3, 029 
2,061 

1,694 

1,345 

119 

824 

392 

65  vears'and  over . 

39 

391 

283 

3 

The  province . 

54, 818 

40, 088 

3,  795 

8,987 

1,932 

16 

330 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XYII. — Conjugal  condition  by  aye ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

141,602 

141,542 

7 

18 

2 

33 

15  to  17  years . 

22,442 

21,691 

312 

425 

10 

4 

18  and  19  years . 

13,836 

12,131 

800 

873 

31 

I 

20  years . . 

7, 728 

5, 978 

717 

989 

43 

'  1 

21  to  24  years . 

16, 630 

11,035 

2,819 

2,  .>45 

226 

5 

25  to  29  years . 

20, 974 

9, 896 

5, 570 

4,942 

565 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

22, 337 

7, 560 

7,173 

6, 582 

1,019 

3 

35  to  41  years . 

38,  735 

11,311 

12,463 

12, 426 

2, 530 

5 

45  to  54  years.. . . 

23, 438 

7,144 

6, 650 

6, 785 

2, 853 

6 

55  to  64  years . 

12, 629 

4,215 

2, 803 

2, 911 

2,698 

2 

65  years  and  over . 

7, 343 

2, 827 

1,164 

1,065 

2, 286 

1 

Unknown . 

21 

13 

5 

1 

2 

The  province . 

327,745 

235, 343 

40, 483 

39, 562 

12,263 

64 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 

Unknown . 

The  province 


72, 420 

72, 391 

2 

1 

2 

24 

10,068 

10, 040 

7 

17 

T 

3 

6, 438 

6, 362 

16 

58 

i 

1 

3,612 

3, 392 

68 

147 

4 

1 

8, 409 

6, 996 

581 

802 

26 

4 

10,395 

6, 259 

2, 008 

2, 030 

98 

11, 055 

4,333 

3,435 

3, 041 

244 

2 

19,945 

5, 590 

7, 061 

6,  622 

670 

2 

12, 043 

2,901 

4,316 

4,176 

646 

4 

6,161 

1,566 

1,991 

2,063 

541 

3,288 

1 , 042 

8S8 

800 

557 

l 

11 

6 

3 

2 

163, 845 

120,878 

20, 376 

19, 757 

2,  790 

44 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  io  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  4 1  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  yeaTS  and  over 
Unknown . 


69, 182 

69, 151 

5 

17 

9 

12,374 

11,651 

305 

408 

9 

1 

7,398 

5,  769 

784 

815 

30 

4, 116 

2,586 

649 

842 

39 

8, 221 

4,039 

2,238 

1,743 

200 

1 

10,579 

3, 637 

3, 562 

2,912 

467 

1 

11,282 

3, 227 

3,  738 

3,541 

775 

1 

18,  790 

5,  721 

5, 402 

5, '804 

1,860 

3 

11,395 

4,243 

2, 334 

2, 609 

2,207 

2 

6, 468 

2, 649 

812 

848 

2,157 

2 

4, 055 

1 , 785 

276 

205 

1,729 

10 

7 

2 

i 

163,870 

114,465 

.  20,107 

19,805 

9, 473 

20 

The  province 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


331 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

77,  949 

77,912 

5 

9 

1 

22 

15  to  17  vears . 

12, 110 

11,699 

206 

196 

6 

3 

18  and  19  years . 

7,246 

6, 294 

555 

376 

20 

1 

20  years .  . 

3,  952 

3, 006 

497 

417 

32 

21  to  24  years . 

8i  093 

5i  047 

1,858 

1,035 

150 

3 

25  to  29  years . 

9, 558 

3,  735 

3,  595 

1,835 

392 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

10, 836 

2, 765 

4, 723 

2, 635 

711 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

18, 895 

4,086 

8,029 

5,081 

1,696 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

10,  739 

2, 235 

4,116 

2, 457 

1,927 

4 

55  to  64  years . 

5, 509 

1,131 

1,  729 

949 

1,698 

2 

65  vears  and  over . 

2,  902 

591 

665 

235 

1,411 

Unknown . 

8 

4 

2 

2 

The  province . 

167, 797 

118,505 

25, 980 

15, 225 

8,044 

43 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  21  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . . 

65  years  and  over . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


40, 210 

40, 192 

1 

1 

16 

5, 425 

5,410 

6 

6 

3 

3,321 

3,288 

12 

20 

1 

1, 840 

1.741 

40 

56 

3 

3,887 

3,217 

351 

304 

13 

2 

4, 375 

2, 344 

1,213 

757 

61 

4,958 

1,513 

2,083 

1,198 

163 

i 

9, 273 

1,986 

4,171 

2,711 

405 

5,254 

836 

2,435 

1,593 

387 

3 

2, 558 

382 

1,188 

697 

291 

1, 185 

192 

500 

196 

297 

6 

3 

1 

2 

82, 292 

61, 104 

12, 001 

7,538 

1,621 

28 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

37, 739 

37,  720 

4 

9 

6 

15  to  17  vears . 

6,  685 

O' 289 

200 

190 

6 

18  and  19  years . 

3, 925 

3, 006 

543 

356 

20 

20  vears . 

2,112 

1,265 

457 

361 

29 

21  to  24  years . 

4/206 

lj  830 

1,507 

731 

137 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

5, 183 

1,391 

2,382 

1,078 

331 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

5,878 

1,252 

2,640 

1,437 

548 

1 

35  to  44  vears . 

9, 622 

2,100 

3,858 

2, 370 

1,291 

3 

45  to  54  years . 

5, 485 

1,399 

1,681 

864 

1,540 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

2, 951 

749 

541 

252 

1,407 

2 

65  vears  and  over . 

1,717 

399 

165 

39 

1,114 

Unknown . 

2 

1 

1 

The  province . 

85, 505 

57, 401 

13, 979 

7, 687 

6,423 

15 

332 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CURA,  1899 


Table  X  VII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Total. 


Single. 


Married. 


Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 


Wid¬ 

owed. 


Un¬ 

known. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

‘JO  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


589 
223 
336 
220 
1, 257 
2,189 
1,960 
3, 485 
1,975 
753 
324 
2 


589 

211 

10 

303 

29 

186 

26 

1,051 

141 

1,592 

388 

1,079 

595 

1,315 

1,449 

502 

982 

135 

370 

63 

125 

2 

2 

3 

1 

7 

1 

55 

10 

176 

33 

233 

53 

540 

180 

300 

189 

87 

161 

21 

115 

The  province 


13, 313 


7,026  4,  J17 


1 

o 


3 


Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . *. ... 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


304 

304 

142 

142 

255 

255 

162 

158 

2 

2 

1,097 

1,001 

56 

37 

3  . 

1,948 

1,523 

264 

145 

16  . 

1,749 

1 , 055 

470 

201 

23  . 

3,160 

1,258 

1,259 

515 

127  1 

1.762 

475 

881 

289 

116  1 

626 

123 

325 

85 

93  . 

240 

47 

115 

21 

57  . 

1 

. 

1 

. 

11,446 

6,341 

3, 373 

1,295 

435  2 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

285 

285 

15  to  17  years . 

81 

69 

10 

2 

18  and  19  vears . 

81 

48 

29 

3 

1  . 

20  years . 

58 

28 

24 

5 

1  . 

21  to  24  years . 

160 

50 

85 

18 

7  . 

25  to  29  vears . 

241 

69 

124 

31 

17  . 

30  to  34  years . 

211 

24 

125 

32 

30  . 

35  to  44  vears . 

325 

zz 

D/ 

190 

O' 

25 

53  . 

45  to  54  years . 

213 

o- 

2/ 

101 

u 

73  1 

55  to  64  years . 

127 

12 

45 

o 

68  . 

65  years  and  over . 

84 

16 

10 

58  . 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  province . 

1,867 

685 

744 

129 

308  1  1 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


333 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


63, 064 
10, 109 
6,254 
3, 556 
7,280 
9,227 
9,541 
16, 355 
10, 724 
6,367 
4,117 
11 


The  province 


146, 605 


Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

63, 041 

2 

9 

1 

11 

9,  781 

96 

227 

4 

1 

5,  534 

216 

494 

10 

2,786 

194 

565 

10 

1 

4,937 

820 

1,455 

66 

2 

4, 569 

1,587 

2,931 

140 

3,716 

1,855 

3,  714 

255 

i 

5, 910 

2, 985 

6, 805 

654 

l 

4,407 

1, 552 

4,  028 

737 

2,949 

704 

1,875 

839 

2,173 

374 

809 

760 

i 

9 

1 

1 

109, 812 

10, 386 

22, 913 

3,476 

28 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

85  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


31,  906 

31,895 

1 

1 

1 

8 

4, 501 

■4, 488 

1 

11 

1 

2,862 

2,819 

4 

38 

1 

1,610 

1,493 

26 

89 

1 

1 

3,425 

2,778 

174 

461 

10 

2 

4,072 

2, 392 

531 

1,128 

21 

4,348 

1,  765 

882 

1,642 

58 

i 

7,512 

2,346 

1,631 

3,396 

138 

1 

5,027 

1,590 

1,000 

2,294 

143 

2,977 

1,061 

478 

1,281 

157 

1,863 

803 

273 

583 

203 

i 

4 

3 

1 

70, 107 

53, 433 

5, 002 

10, 924 

734 

14 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years  . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . . 
Unknown . 

The  province 


31,158 
5, 608 
3,  392 
1,946 
3, 855 
5, 155 
5,193 
8, 843 
5,697 
3,390 
2, 254 


31, 146 

5. 293 
2,715 

1.293 
2,159 
2, 177 
1,951 
3, 564 
2, 817 
1,888 
1,370 

6 


1 

95 
212 
168 
646 
1, 056 
973 
1,354 
552 
226 
101 


8 

216 
456 
476 
994 
1,803 
2,072 
3, 409 
1,734 
594 
226 
1 


3 

9 

9 

56 

119 

197 

516 

594 


3 

1 


682 

557 


76, 498 


2,742 


334 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

10, 430 
1,908 

10, 428 

1 

1 

15  to  17  vears . 

1,851 

33 

22 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

1,387 

1,230 

87 

64 

'  5 

1 

20  years . 

740 

60S 

70 

49 

13 

21  to  24  years . 

2, 316 

1,633 

394 

251 

36 

2 

25  to  29  years . 

2, 684 

1,445 

724 

425 

88 

2 

30  to  34  years . 

2, 373 

978 

836 

415 

144 

35  to  44  years . 

3;  847 
2, 360 

1,292 

775 

1,437 

784 

707 

411 

45  to  54  years . 

379 

421 

1 

54  to  61  years . 

1 , 285 

451 

282 

326 

157 

351 

65  years  and  over . 

'708 

106 

65 

254 

1 

The  city . 

30,038 

20, 973 

4, 798 

2,534 

1,724 

9 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  31  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


The  city 


5,081 
809 
606 
.344 
1,158 
1,342 
1, 214 
1,963 
1,173 
603 
296 

5, 081 
808 
593 
325 
986 
885 
586 
675 
374 
209 
105 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. 

4 

6 

80 

249 

400 

815 

504 

231 

86 

7 

13 

87 

193 

202 

391 

224 

103 

48 

1 

4 

14 

26 

82 

70 

60 

57 

14,589 

10, 627 

2,375 

1,268 

314 

5 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

5, 349 
1,099 
781 

0, 34  / 
1,043 
637 

1 

1 

15  to  17  vears . 

33 

22 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

83 

57 

4 

20  years . 

396 

283 

64 

36 

13 

32 

21  to  24  years . 

1,158 

617 

314 

161 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

1,342 

.560 

475 

232 

74 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

1,159 

1,884 

1,187 

682 

392 

436 

213 

118 

35  to  44  years . 

617 

622 

316 

329 

45  to  54  years . 

401 

280 

155 

351 

55  to  81  vears . 

242 

95 

54 

291 

65  ycars  and  over . 

412 

177 

20 

17 

197 

1 

The  city . 

15, 449 

10, 346 

2,423 

1,266 

1,410 

4 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


335 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Under  15  years  . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

80  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 

The  eity  . . . 


Total. 

• 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

6,547 

1,145 

6, 546 
1,110 

1 

23 

11 

1 

775 

676 

65 

29 

4 

1 

404 

317 

53 

24 

10 

1 , 189 

790 

268 

102 

28 

1 

1,227 

575 

454 

130 

68 

1,044 

340 

477 

137 

90 

1,712 

388 

811 

220 

290 

928 

146 

393 

110 

279 

502 

61 

169 

29 

243 

262 

43 

55 

8 

156 

15, 735 

10, 992 

2,772 

800 

1,169 

2 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years  . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years  . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


The  city 


3,170 

3, 170 

474 

'474 

318 

311 

1 

5 

. 

1 

162 

153 

4 

5 

'  540 

451 

53 

31 

4 

i 

549 

342 

136 

64 

7 

472 

203 

192 

64 

13 

717 

200 

364 

112 

41 

371 

68 

202 

66 

35 

177 

23 

101 

22 

31 

95 

15 

41 

7 

32 

7,045 

5,410 

1,094 

376 

163 

2 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years . . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


3,377 
671 
457 
242 
649 
678 
572 
995 
.  557 
325 
167 

3,376 

636 

365 

164 

339 

233 

137 

188 

78 

38 

28 

1 

23 

64 

49 

215 

318 

285 

450 

191 

68 

14 

11 

24 

19 

71 

66 

73 

108 

44 

7 

1 

1 

4 

10 

24 

61 

77 

249 

241 

212 

124 

8, 690 

5,582  1,678 

424 

1,006 

The  city 


336  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 
Total  Foreign  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

129 

129 

15  to  17  years . 

68 

65 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years . 

101 

95 

5 

1 

20  years . 

82 

75 

5 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

377 

326 

37 

13 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

515 

370 

90 

47 

7 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

502 

265 

177 

44 

16 

35  to  44  years . 

850 

306 

390 

107 

47 

45  to  54  years . 

540 

139 

277 

66 

58 

55  to  64  years . 

217 

47 

108 

24 

38 

. 

65  years  and  over . 

104 

13 

39 

9 

43 

The  city . 

3,485 

1,830 

1,129 

313 

212 

1 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

76 

76 

15  to  17  years  . 

52 

52 

18  and  19  years . 

87 

85 

1 

1 

20  years . 

69 

67 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

321 

301 

11 

9 

25  to  29  years . 

445 

351 

51 

38 

4 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

429 

255 

127 

39 

8 

35  to  44  years . 

716 

282 

313 

97 

24 

45  to  54  years . 

4o5 

127 

238 

61 

29 

55  to  64  years . 

176 

42 

93 

21 

20 

65  years  and  over . 

74 

9 

36 

8 

21 

The  city . 

2,900 

1,647 

871 

274 

107 

1 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years.  . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  io  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


53 

53 

16 

13 

1 

2 

14 

10 

4 

13 

8 

4 

1 

56 

25 

26 

•i 

1 

70 

19 

39 

9 

3 

73 

10 

50 

5 

8 

134 

24 

77 

10 

23 

85 

12 

39 

5 

29 

41 

5 

15 

3 

18 

30 

4 

3 

1 

22 

585 

183 

258 

39 

105 

The  city 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


337 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

3,754 

3,753 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

695 

676 

9 

9 

1 

18  and  19  years. .  . 

511 

459 

17 

35 

20  years . 

254 

216 

12 

24 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

750 

517 

89 

136 

7 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

942 

500 

180 

248 

13 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

827 

373 

182 

234 

38 

35  to  44  years . 

1,285 

598 

233 

380 

74 

45  to  54  years . 

892 

490 

114 

203 

84 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

566 

343 

49 

104 

70 

65  years'and  over . 

342 

226 

12 

48 

55 

1 

The  city . 

10,818 

8,151 

897 

1,421 

343 

6 

Colored  Males. 


TTndpr  15  years  .  . 

1,835 

1 , 835 

15  to  17  years . 

283 

282 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

201 

197 

2 

2 

20  years . 

113 

105 

1 

7 

21  to  24  years . 

297 

234 

16 

47 

25  to  29  years . . 

348 

192 

62 

91 

3 

30  to  34  years . 

313 

128 

81 

99 

5 

35  to  44  years . 

530 

193 

138 

182 

17 

45  to  54  years . 

347 

179 

64 

97 

6 

i 

55  to  64  years . 

250 

144 

37 

60 

9 

65  years  and  over . 

127 

81 

9 

33 

4 

The  city . 

4,644 

3, 570 

410 

618 

44 

2 

Colored  Females. 


TTndpr15  years . 

1,919 

1,918 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

412 

394 

9 

9 

18  and  19  years . 

310 

262 

15 

33 

20  years . 

141 

111 

11 

17 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

453 

283 

73 

89 

7 

i 

25  to  29  years . 

594 

308 

118 

157 

10 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

514 

245 

101 

135 

33 

35  to  44  years . 

755 

405 

95 

198 

57 

45  to  54  years . 

545 

311 

50 

106 

78 

55  to  64  years . 

316 

199 

12 

44 

61 

65  years  and  over . 

215 

145 

3 

15 

51 

1 

The  city . 

6,174 

4,581 

487 

803 

299 

4 

24662 - 22 


338 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. —  Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

66, 107 

66, 040 

10 

12 

10 

35 

15  to  17  years . 

14,517 

14,098 

231 

169 

11 

8 

18  and  19  years . 

10, 802 

9, 777 

577 

418 

28 

2 

20  years . . . 

5,888 

4,949 

526 

369 

42 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

21,711 

16,073 

3, 336 

2,034 

265 

3 

25  to  29  years . 

26, 357 

15, 490 

6, 676 

3, 473 

716 

2 

30  to  34  years . 

21,982 

9,983 

7,492 

3, 372 

1,131 

4 

35  to  44  years . 

32,3.54 

11,656 

12, 634 

4,873 

3,179 

12 

45  to  54  years . . 

19,414 

6, 558 

6,  773 

2,318 

3,760 

5 

55  to  64  years . 

11,066 

3,  946 

2, 878 

939 

3, 302 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

5,  772 

2,203 

937 

276 

2,355 

1 

Unknown . 

11 

7 

1 

3 

The  citv . 

235, 981 

160, 780 

42, 071 

18,253 

14,  799 

78 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

32. 426 

32, 393 

3 

2 

i 

21 

15  to  17  years . . 

6,889 

6, 872 

5 

4 

5 

3 

18  and  19  years . . 

5, 561 

5, 467 

31 

59 

3 

1 

20  years . . 

3  077 

2, 932 

56 

84 

5 

21  to  24  years . .  . 

12,087 

10,500 

780 

766 

39 

2 

25  to  29  years .  . 

15. 025 

10,630 

2, 659 

1,613 

122 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

12.418 

6,  736 

3,753 

1,686 

241 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

17.852 

6, 992 

7,485 

2,645 

724 

6 

45  to  54  years . . . 

10,224 

3  458 

4, 459 

1,426 

879 

2 

55  to  64  years . 

5,384 

1, 945 

2,034 

626 

779 

65  vears  and  over . 

2,306 

807 

737 

194 

568 

Unknown . 

9 

5 

i 

3 

The  city . 

123, 258 

88,  737 

22,003 

9, 105 

3, 372 

41 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

33, 681 

7, 628 
5,241 
2,811 
9, 624 
11,332 
9,564 
14,502 
9,190 
5,682 
3,466 

2 

33,  647 
7,226 
4,310 
2,017 
5,573 
4,860 

/ 

10 

3 

14 

15  to  17  years . 

226 

165 

6 

5 

18  and  1*9  years . 

546 

359 

25 

1 

20  years . . 

470 

285 

37 

2 

21  to  24  vears . 

2,556 

4,017 

3,739 

5,149 

2,314 

844 

1,268 

1,860 

1,686 

2,228 

892 

226 

1 

25  to  29  years . 

594 

1 

30  to  34  years . 

3, 247 
4,664 
3,100 
2, 001 
1,396 

2 

890 

2 

35  to  44  years . 

2,4.55 

2,881 

2, 523 
1,787 

6 

45  to  54  vears . 

3 

55  to  64  vears . 

313 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

200 

82 

1 

Unknown . 

The  city . 

112,  723 

72,043 

20, 068 

9, 148 

11,427 

37 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


339 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


CITY  OF  HABAN A— Continued. 
Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

44, 069 

44, 023 

8 

5 

7 

26 

15  to  17  years . 

8, 523 

8, 249 

188 

71 

9 

6 

18  and  19  vears . 

5, 647 

5,011 

479 

138 

17 

2 

20  vears . 

2, 742 

2,211 

379 

121 

29 

2 

21  to  24  vears . 

9, 752 

6, 615 

2, 299 

650 

187 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

10,684 

5,127 

4,047 

1,021 

489 

30  t )  34  years . 

8j  678 

2,837 

4;  163 

928 

748 

2 

35  to  44  vears . 

12, 483 

2,934 

6, 368 

1,151 

2,024 

6 

45  to  54  vears . 

6,938 

1,210 

3, 124 

447 

2, 154 

3 

55  to  64  vears . 

3, 919 

633 

1 , 254 

160 

1,872 

65  vears  and  over . 

2, 094 

369 

'410 

35 

1,280 

Unknown . 

3 

2 

1 

The  city . 

115,532 

79, 221 

22, 719 

4, 727 

8,816 

49 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

21,712 

3,760 

2,508 

1,170 

4,361 

4,900 

4,046 

5,545 

2,868 

1,407 

661 

2 

15  to  17  vears . 

18  and  19  vears . 

20  vears . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  vears . 

35  to  44  vears . 

45  to  54  vears . 

55  to  64  vears . 

65  vears  and  over . 

Unknown . 

The  city . 

52, 940 

21,690 

2 

1 

5 

14 

3,749 

4 

5 

2 

2,454 

27 

26 

1 

1,098 

43 

26 

3 

3,595 

469 

270 

27 

2, 952 

1,336 

540 

72 

1,722 

1,652 

541 

131 

1 , 565 

2,959 

668 

352 

1 

530 

1,673 

263 

401 

1 

229 

735 

103 

340 

107 

291 

25 

238 

1 

1 

39,  692 

9,191 

2,463 

1,574 

20 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years.. . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


22, 357 

22, 333 

6 

4 

2 

12 

4,763 

4,500 

184 

71 

4 

4 

3,139 

2,557 

452 

112 

17 

1 

1,572 

1,113 

336 

95 

26 

2 

5, 391 

3,020 

1,830 

380 

160 

1 

5,784 

2,175 

2,711 

481 

417 

4,632 

1,115 

2,511 

387 

617 

2 

6,938 

1,369 

3,409 

483 

1,672 

5 

4,070 

680 

1,451 

184 

1 ,  /  d3 

2 

2,512 

404 

519 

57 

1,532 

1,433 

262 

119 

10 

1,042 

1 

1 

62, 592 

39, 529 

13, 528 

2, 264 

7, 242 

29 

The  city 


340 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city  . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

2, 332 

2,327 

2 

8 

1,594 

U570 

20 

3 

1 

2, 095 

2, 021 

52 

19 

3 

1,463 

1,372 

70 

20 

1 

6, 588 

5, 635 

679 

233 

40 

1 

8, 770 

6, 250 

1,910 

487 

121 

2 

7,463 

3, 997 

2, 664 

585 

215 

2 

11,264 

4, 225 

5, 250 

1,007 

777 

5 

6,454 

1,790 

3,110 

479 

1,073 

2 

3, 323 

767 

1,336 

192 

1,027 

1 

1, 552 

295 

436 

53 

767 

1 

3 

2 

1 

52, 901 

30, 251 

15, 528 

3,080 

4,024 

18 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years.. . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


1,269 
1,302 
1,816 
1,237 
5, 554 
7, 192 
5, 972 
8,854 
4,788 
2,285 
918 
3 


1,267 
1,301 
1,809 
1,221 
5, 164 
5,  761 
3,672 
3,802 
1,550 
637 
208 
2 


2 

1 

2 

4 

1 

7 

9 

234 

147 

8 

1 

1,047 

346 

37 

1 

1,799 

416 

83 

2 

3,978 

766 

303 

5 

2,471 

386 

380 

1 

1,113 

154 

381 

'382 

43 

285 

1 

• 

The  city 


41, 190 


26, 394 


11, 034 


2, 271 


1, 478  13 


Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


1,063 

1,060 

292 

269 

20 

279 

212 

50 

226 

151 

63 

1,034 

471 

445 

1,578 

489 

863 

1,491 

325 

865 

2,410 

423 

1,272 

1,666 

240 

639 

1,038 

130 

223 

634 

87 

54 

3 

15 

2 

11 

1 

86 

32 

141 

84 

i 

169 

132 

241 

474 

93 

693 

l 

38 

646 

l 

10 

482 

l 

Unknown 


11,711 


3, 857 


4,494 


809  i  2,546 


5 


The  city 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


341 


Table  XVII.  —  Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


CITY  OF  HABANA— Continued. 
Total  Colored. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city. . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

19,  706 

19, 690 

2 

5 

3 

6 

4,400 

4,279 

23 

95 

2 

1 

3, 060 

2,745 

46 

261 

8 

1,683 

1,366 

77 

228 

12 

5,371 

3,823 

358 

1,151 

38 

1 

6,903 

4,113 

719 

1,965 

106 

5, 841 

3,149 

665 

1,859 

168 

8,607 

4,497 

1,016 

2,715 

378 

i 

6,  022 

3, 558 

539 

1,392 

533 

3, 824 

2,546 

288 

587 

403 

2, 126 

5 

1,539 

3 

91 

188 

308 

2 

67, 548 

51,308 

3,824 

10, 446 

1,959 

11 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18 and  19  years... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city.... 


9,445 

9,436 

1 

1 

2 

5 

1,827 

1 , 822 

1 

4 

1,237 

1,204 

2 

29 

2 

670 

613 

6 

49 

2 

2, 172 

1,741 

77 

349 

4 

1 

2, 933 

1,917 

276 

727 

13 

2,400 

1,342 

302 

729 

27 

3,453 

1,  625 

548 

1,211 

69 

2, 568 

1,378 

315 

777 

98 

1, 692 

1,079 

186 

369 

58 

727 

492 

64 

126 

45 

4 

2 

2 

29, 128 

22, 651 

1,778 

4,371 

320 

8 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


10, 261 

10, 254 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2, 573 

2, 457 

22 

91 

2 

1 

1,823 

1,541 

44 

232 

6 

1,013 

753 

71 

179 

10 

3,199 

2, 082 

281 

802 

34 

3,970 

2, 196 

443 

1,238 

93 

3,441 

1, 807 

363 

1,130 

141 

5, 154 

2,872 

468 

1,504 

309 

i 

3, 454 

2,180 

224 

615 

435 

2,132 

1,467 

102 

218 

345 

1,399 

1,047 

27 

62 

263 

1 

1 

38,420 

28, 657 

2, 046 

6, 075 

1,639 

3 

The  city 


342 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII.  —  Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 

Total  Population. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city  . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

12, 204 

12, 185 

1 

18 

2,498 

2, 447 

23 

27 

1 

. 

1,689 

1, 545 

78 

63 

3 

855 

735 

'  57 

56 

7 

2,896 

2,119 

418 

307 

51 

1 

3,374 

1,894 

852 

480 

148 

2, 679 

1,131 

901 

459 

187 

1 

4, 384 

1,485 

1,637 

714 

547 

1 

2,908 

939 

1,000 

402 

567 

1,759 

593 

463 

195 

508 

1,122 

444 

177 

112 

389 

6 

3 

2 

1 

36, 374 

25, 520 

5,607 

2,817 

2, 409 

21 

Total 


Males. 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city  . . . 


5, 985 

5,  980 

6 

L  099 

1,099 

688 

'681 

2 

5 

363 

344 

6 

12 

1 

1,308 

1,114 

90 

100 

3 

1 

1,470 

946 

294 

214 

16 

1,243 

581 

398 

238 

26 

2, 103 

734 

882 

388 

98 

1 

1,332 

378 

607 

231 

116 

867 

274 

334 

137 

122 

466 

168 

130 

80 

88 

2 

1 

1 

16, 926 

12, 300 

2, 743 

1,406 

470 

7 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  vears . 

6, 219 

1 , 399 

6, 205 
1,348 

1 

15  to  17  vears . 

23 

27 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

i;ooi 

492 

864 

76 

58 

3 

20  years . 

391 

51 

44 

6 

21  to  24  years . 

1,588 
1,90-1 
1,436 
2, 281 

1,005 

948 

328 

207 

48 

25  to  29  years . 

558 

266 

132 

30  to  34  years . 

550 

503 

221 

161 

35  to  44  vears . 

751 

755 

326 

449 

45  to  54  vears . 

1, 576 
892 

561 

393 

171 

451 

55  to  64  years . 

319 

129 

58 

386 

65  vears  and  over . 

656 

276 

47 

32 

301 

Unknown . 

4 

2 

1 

1 

The  city . 

19,448 

13, 220 

2,864 

1,411 

1,939 

13 


14 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


343 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  M AT ANZAS— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Tinder  15  years . 

8, 102 

8, 085 

1 

16 

15  to  17  vears . 

l'  647 

1,614 

20 

12 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

1 1 091 

994 

67 

28 

2 

20  years . 

'502 

431 

45 

19 

7 

21  to  24  years . 

1,740 

1,237 

339 

119 

44 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

1,869 

965 

627 

154 

123 

30  to  34  years . 

l'  399 

456 

659 

128 

156 

35  to  44  years . 

2,240 

495 

1,144 

161 

439 

i 

45  to  54  vears . 

1,306 

202 

629 

67 

408 

55  to  64  years . 

667 

95 

248 

15 

309 

. 

65  years  and  over . 

366 

54 

78 

6 

228 

TTn  known . 

2 

1 

1 

i 

The  city . 

20, 931 

14, 629 

3,857 

709 

1,718 

18 

Native  White  Males. 


TTnder  15  vears . 

4, 005 

4,000 

5 

15  to  17  vears  . 

'702 

'702 

18  and  19  years . 

422 

419 

1 

2 

20  vears  . 

198 

189 

6 

2 

i 

21  to  24  years . 

722 

600 

73 

45 

3 

1 

95  to  99  years . 

723 

450 

186 

74 

13 

SO  to  34  years .  . 

595 

234 

257 

83 

21 

35  to  44  years . 

960 

269 

522 

99 

69 

i 

45  to  54  years . 

518 

83 

328 

40 

67 

55  to  64  years . 

260 

35 

153 

15 

57 

65  vears  and  over . 

113 

14 

48 

6 

45 

Unknown  . 

1 

1 

i 

The  city . 

9,219 

6, 996 

1.574 

366 

276 

7 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  vears . 

4,097 

4,085 

1 

11 

15  to  17  years . 

'945 

912 

20 

12 

1 

j8  and  19  years . 

669 

575 

66 

26 

2 

20  years . 

304 

242 

39 

17 

6 

21  to  24  years . 

1,018 

637 

266 

74 

41 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

l'  146 

515 

441 

80 

110 

30  to  34  years  . 

804 

222 

402 

45 

135 

35  to  44  years . 

1,280 

226 

622 

62 

370 

45  to  54  years  . 

788 

119 

301 

27 

341 

55  to  64  years .  . 

407 

60 

95 

252 

65  years  and  over . 

253 

40 

30 

183 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  city . 

11,712 

7,633 

2,283 

343 

1,442 

11 

344  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

• 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

139 

139 

15  to  17  vears . 

68 

67 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

88 

83 

4 

1 

20  vears . 

66 

63 

2 

1 

21  to  24  vears . 

367 

317 

41 

8 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

469 

303 

125 

28 

13 

30  to  34  vears . 

411 

219 

139 

34 

19 

35  to  44  years . 

769 

274 

352 

75 

68 

45  to  54  years . 

587 

126 

301 

42 

118 

55  to  64  years . 

435 

65 

190 

20 

160 

65  years  and  over . . . 

245 

25 

92 

11 

117 

The  city . 

3,644 

1,681 

1,247 

220 

496 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 

The  city.... 


75 

75 

48 

48 

68 

68 

54 

53 

1 

296 

280 

9 

7 

375 

276 

193 

71 

26 

2 

320 

94 

30 

3 

618 

245 

283 

65 

25 

419 

105 

235 

37 

42 

284 

49 

161 

17 

57 

138 

16 

77 

9 

36 

2,695 

1,408 

930 

192 

165 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years  . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years  . . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


64 

64 

20 

19 

1 

20 

15 

4 

. 

12 

10 

2 

71 

37 

32 

1 

1 

94 

27 

54 

2 

11 

91 

26 

45 

4 

16 

151 

29 

69 

10 

43 

168 

21 

66 

5 

76 

151 

16 

29 

3 

103 

107 

9 

15 

2 

81 

949 

273 

317 

28 

331 

The  city 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


34  5 


Tarle  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19 years... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city.... 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  41  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city.... 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

3,963 

3, 961 
766 

2 

783 

2 

15 

510 

468 

7 

34 

1 

287 

241 

10 

36 

789 

565 

38 

180 

6 

1,036 

626 

100 

298 

12 

869 

456 

103 

297 

12 

i 

1 , 375 

716 

141 

478 

40 

1 , 015 

611 

70 

293 

41 

657 

433 

25 

160 

39 

511 

365 

7 

95 

44 

4 

2 

2 

11,799 

9, 210 

503 

1,888 

195 

3 

Colored  Males. 


1,905 

1,905 

349 

349 

198 

194 

1 

3 

. 

111 

102 

9 

290 

234 

8 

48 

. 

372 

220 

37 

114 

1 

328 

154 

47 

125 

2 

525 

220 

77 

224 

4 

395 

190 

44 

154 

7 

323 

190 

20 

105 

8 

215 

138 

5 

65 

7 

1 

1 

5, 012 

3,896 

239 

848 

29 

Colored  Females. 


2, 058 

2,056 

2 

434 

417 

2 

15 

312 

274 

6 

31 

1 

176 

139 

10 

27 

499 

331 

30 

132 

6 

664 

406 

63 

184 

11 

541 

302 

56 

172 

10 

1 

850 

496 

64 

2.54 

36 

620 

421 

26 

139 

34 

334 

243 

5 

55 

31 

296 

227 

2 

30 

37 

3 

2 

1 

6,787 

5,314 

264 

1,040 

166 

3 

The  city 


346 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XVI I. —  Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

Total  Population. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Liring 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  rears . 

9. 091 

9,089 

1 

1 

15  to  17  rears . 

1.678 

1,636 

35 

7 

18  and  19  years . 

970 

869 

82 

13 

6 

20  rears 

558 

478 

67 

11 

2 

21  to  24  rears . 

1,447 

1,026 

346 

55 

20 

25  to  29  years . 

1,626 

868 

598 

101 

59 

30  to  34  rears . 

1,839 

788 

802 

132 

117 

35  to  44  rears . 

3,079 

977 

1,453 

225 

423 

1 

45  to  54  rears . 

2,263 

668 

911 

134 

550 

55  to  64  rears . 

1.530 

434 

459 

71 

566 

65  rears  and  orer . 

1,  021 

322 

202 

35 

461 

1 

The  citr . 

25, 102 

17, 155 

4,956 

785 

2,204 

2 

Total  Males. 


Under  15  rears . 

4,448 

4,447 

1 

15  to  17  rears . 

'  642 

'642 

18  and  19  years . 

396 

392 

2 

1 

1  . 

20  rears  . 

214 

207 

6 

1 

21  to  24  rears . 

633 

533 

80 

19 

1  . 

25  to  29  rears . 

667 

421 

192 

48 

6  . 

30  to  34  rears . 

740 

345 

309 

65 

21  . 

35  to  44  rears . 

1 . 276 

377 

737 

106 

56  . 

45  to  54  rears . 

902 

246 

499 

81 

76  . 

55  to  64  years . 

591 

175 

280 

47 

89  . 

65  years  and  orer . 

403 

134 

144 

24 

101 

The  city . 

10, 912 

7,919 

2,249 

393 

351  . 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  rears . 

4, 643 

4,642 

1 

15  to  17  rears . 

l!  036 

994 

35 

7 

18  and  19  years . 

574 

477 

80 

12 

5 

. 

20  rears . 

344 

271 

61 

10 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

814 

493 

266 

36 

19 

25  to  29  rears . 

959 

447 

406 

53 

53 

30  to  34  rears . 

1,099 

443 

493 

67 

96 

35  to  44  rears . 

1,803 

600 

716 

119 

367 

1 

45  to  54  rears . 

1.361 

422 

412 

53 

474 

55  to  64  years . 

939 

259 

179 

24 

477 

. 

65  years  and  orer . 

618 

188 

58 

11 

360 

1 

The  city . 

14, 190 

9,236 

JO 

© 

392 

1,853 

2 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


347 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex ,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

6, 625 

6,624 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

1,182 

1,148 

31 

3 

18  and  19  years . 

658 

574 

69 

9 

6 

20  years . 

347 

283 

59 

3 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

886 

579 

•  266 

25 

16 

25  to  29  years . 

931 

436 

412 

35 

48 

30  to  34  years . 

1,178 

399 

623 

65 

91 

35  to  44  vears . 

1,974 

479 

1,055 

110 

329 

1 

45  to  54  years . 

l’  337 

303 

604 

51 

379 

55  to  64  years . 

890 

180 

291 

22 

397 

65  years  and  over . 

497 

99 

94 

7 

297 

The  city . 

16, 505 

.  H,104 

3,505 

330 

1,565 

1 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

3, 199 

3,199 

15  to  17  years . 

'450 

450 

18  and  19  years . 

263 

260 

2 

1 

20  years . 

121 

118 

3 

21  to  24  years . 

343 

282 

55 

6 

25  to  29  vears . 

338 

201 

119 

14 

4 

30  to  34  years . 

432 

165 

219 

33 

15 

35  to  44  years . 

764 

176 

501 

49 

38 

45  to  54  years . 

434 

90 

283 

26 

35 

55  to  64  years . 

272 

54 

161 

12 

45 

65  years  and  over . 

148 

27 

70 

5 

46 

The  city . 

6,764 

5,022 

1,413 

145 

184 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


3,426 

3,425 

1 

'732 

'698 

31 

3 

395 

314 

67 

9 

5 

226 

165 

56 

3 

2 

543 

297 

211 

19 

16 

593 

235 

293 

21 

44 

746 

234 

404 

.  32 

76 

1,210 

303 

554 

61 

291 

i 

903 

213 

321 

25 

344 

618 

126 

130 

10 

352 

349 

72 

24 

2 

251 

9,741 

6,082 

2,092 

185 

1,381 

1 

The  city 


348 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  X YII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Under  15  years. . . 
15  to  17  years. . . 
18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years  . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 

The  city. . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid- 

dowed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

70 

70 

32 

32 

29 

28 

1 

28 

25 

2 

1 

129 

104 

19 

6 

174 

116 

42 

14 

2 

132 

76 

43 

10 

3 

266 

83 

152 

22 

9 

217 

34 

127 

25 

31 

130 

21 

67 

6 

36 

76 

13 

29 

4 

30 

1, 283 

602 

482 

88 

111 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

39 

39 

15  to  17  years . 

24 

24 

18  and  19  years . 

22 

22 

20  years . 

18 

17 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

no 

94 

12 

4 

25  to  29  years . 

158 

112 

32 

14 

30  to  34  years . 

122 

73 

36 

10 

3 

35  to  44  years . 

237 

77 

133 

21 

6 

45  to  54  vears . 

196 

34 

121 

23 

18 

55  to  64  years . 

100 

16 

61 

4 

19 

65  years  and  over . 

58 

12 

25 

4 

17 

The  city . 

1.084 

520 

421 

80 

63 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. .. 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  . . . 


31 

31 

8 

8 

7 

6 

1 

10 

8 

1 

1 

19 

10 

7 

9 

16 

4 

10 

2 

10 

3 

7 

29 

6 

19 

1 

3 

21 

6 

9 

13 

30 

5 

6 

2 

17 

18 

1 

4 

13 

199 

82 

61 

8 

48 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


349 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Under  15  years . 

2,396 

2, 395 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

'464 

'456 

4 

4 

18  and  19  years . 

283 

267 

12 

4 

20  years . 

183 

170 

6 

7 

21  to  24  years . 

432 

343 

61 

24 

4 

25  to  29  years . 

521 

316 

144 

52 

9 

30  to  34  years  . 

529 

313 

136 

57 

23 

35  to  44  years . 

839 

415 

246 

93 

85 

45  to  54  years . 

709 

331 

180 

58 

140 

55  to  64  years . 

510 

233 

101 

43 

133 

65  years  and  over . 

448 

210 

79 

24 

134 

1 

The  city . 

7, 314 

5,449 

969 

367 

528 

1 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years  . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years.... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . 

The  city . 


1,210 

1,209 

1 

'  168 

'  168 

111 

110 

1 

75 

72 

2 

1 

180 

157 

13 

9 

1 

171 

108 

41 

20 

2 

186 

107 

54 

22 

3 

275 

124 

103 

36 

12 

272 

122 

95 

32 

23 

219 

105 

58 

31 

25 

197 

95 

49 

15 

38 

3,064 

2,377 

415 

168 

104 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years . 

1,186 

1,186 

15  to  17  years . 

296 

288 

4 

4 

18  and  19  years . 

172 

157 

12 

3 

20  years . 

108 

98 

4 

6 

21  to  24  years . 

252 

186 

48 

15 

3 

25  to  29  years . 

350 

208 

103 

32 

7 

30  to  34  years  . 

343 

206 

82 

35 

20 

35  to  44  years . 

564 

291 

143 

57 

73 

45  to  54  years  . 

437 

209 

85 

26 

117 

55  to  64  years . 

291 

128 

43 

12 

108 

65  years  and  over . 

251 

115 

30 

9 

96 

1 

The  city . 

4,250 

3,072 

554 

199 

424 

1 

350  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 
Total  Population. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city.... 


Under  15  years... 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city  . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

14,640 

14,637 

2 

1 

3;  048 

2, 952 

51 

42 

2 

1 

2, 023 

1,803 

133 

83 

4 

1,026 

852 

97 

68 

8 

1 

2, 789 

1,990 

486 

270 

40 

3 

3,604 

2,000 

981 

501 

122 

3,707 

1,627 

1,224 

634 

221 

1 

5,862 

2,338 

1,982 

966 

574 

2 

3, 590 

1,498 

1,003 

496 

593 

1,832 

825 

335 

194 

478 

966 

475 

102 

43 

346 

3 

1 

2 

43,090 

30, 998 

6,396 

3,299 

2,388 

9 

Total  Males. 


7, 135 

7,133 

1 

✓ 

1 

lj  319 

1.316 

1 

1 

1 

891 

877 

5 

9 

449 

416 

15 

16 

1 

1 

1,311 

1,107 

108 

90 

4 

2 

1,727 

1,114 

359 

235 

19 

1,778 

822 

605 

311 

39 

1 

2,743 

1,002 

1,104 

504 

132 

1 

1,569 

508 

646 

301 

114 

683 

225 

233 

138 

87 

315 

140 

77 

29 

69 

2 

1 

1 

19, 922 

14, 661 

3,154 

1,635 

465 

/ 

Total  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years... 

20  years . . . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  5-1  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


7, 505 

7,504 

1 

1,729 

1,636 

50 

41 

2 

1,132 

926 

128 

74 

4 

577 

436 

82 

52 

7 

1,478 

883 

378 

180 

36 

1 

1,877 

886 

622 

266 

103 

1,929 

805 

619 

323 

182 

3,119 

1,336 

878 

462 

442 

1 

2, 021 

990 

357 

195 

479 

1,149 

600 

102 

56 

391 

651 

335 

25 

14 

277 

1 

1 

23, 168 

16, 337 

3,242 

1, 664 

1,923 

2 

The  city 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


351 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  bg  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO — Continued. 

Total  Native  White. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

£0  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city. . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

5,937 

5,937 

1,150 

i;  113 

23 

12 

1 

i 

737 

653 

55 

26 

3 

358 

293 

46 

18 

1 

966 

663 

216 

66 

19 

2 

1,095 

528 

410 

96 

61 

1,145 

403 

520 

111 

111 

1,869 

573 

833 

183 

279 

i 

1,128 

304 

412 

76 

336 

567 

143 

158 

26 

240 

305 

80 

43 

5 

177 

1 

1 

15, 258 

10, 691 

2,716 

619 

1,228 

4 

Native  White  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

2,967 

2,967 

15  to  17  vears . 

'511 

'508 

1 

1 

1 

18  and  19  vears . 

297 

292 

2 

3 

20  vears . 

160 

152 

3 

5 

21  to  24  vears . 

410 

347 

43 

17 

2 

i 

25  to  29  vears . 

443 

248 

138 

49 

8 

30  to  34  vears . 

461 

175 

218 

53 

15 

35  to  44  vears. . 

783 

237 

406 

96 

44 

45  to  54  years . 

400 

91 

216 

48 

45 

55  to  64  years . 

184 

34 

98 

17 

35 

65  vears  and  over . 

85 

17 

33 

5 

30 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  citv . 

6, 702 

5,069 

1,158 

294 

179 

2 

Native  White  Females. 


Under  15  years. .. 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 


2,970 

2, 970 

639 

'605 

22 

11 

1 

440 

361 

53 

23 

3 

198 

141 

43 

13 

1 

556 

316 

173 

49 

17 

1 

652 

280 

272 

47 

53 

684 

228 

302 

58 

96 

1,086 

336 

427 

87 

235 

i 

728 

213 

196 

28 

291 

383 

109 

60 

9 

205 

220 

63 

10 

147 

8, 556 

5, 622 

1,558 

325 

1,049 

2 

The  city 


352 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Foreign  White. 


Under  15  years  . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. . . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 
Unknown . 

The  city  . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un- 

known. 

251 

251 

73 

67 

4 

2 

143 

131 

12 

73 

62 

9 

1 

1 

. 

330 

269 

50 

11 

572 

394 

129 

40 

9 

494 

270 

152 

49 

23 

821 

340 

342 

82 

56 

1 

461 

153 

199 

55 

54 

151 

50 

52 

16 

33 

69 

28 

18 

2 

21 

2 

2 

3,440 

2,015 

969 

258 

197 

1 

Foreign  White  Males. 


Under  15  vears . 

127 

127 

15  to  17  years . 

43 

43 

18  and  19  years . 

110 

110 

20  years . 

49 

46 

2 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

276 

250 

19 

7 

25  to  29  years . 

479 

363 

77 

35 

4 

30  to  34  years . 

423 

257 

119 

41 

6 

35  to  44  vears . 

705 

310 

282 

76 

36 

1 

45  to  54  years . 

408 

144 

177 

53 

34 

55  to  64  years . 

125 

42 

50 

15 

18 

65  vears  and  over . 

49 

20 

17 

2 

10 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  city . 

2,795 

1,712 

744 

230 

108 

1 

Foreign  White  Females. 


Under  15  vears . 

124 

124 

15  to  17  years . 

30 

24 

4 

2 

18  and  19  vears . 

33 

21 

12 

20  vears . 

24 

16 

7 

1 

21  to  24  vears . 

54 

19 

31 

4 

25  to  29  vears 

93 

31 

52 

5 

5 

30  to  34  vears. . 

71 

13 

33 

8 

17 

35  to  44  vears . 

116 

30 

60 

6 

20 

45  to  54  vears . 

53 

9 

22 

2 

20 

55  to  64  vears . 

26 

8 

2 

1 

15 

65  vears  and  over . 

20 

8 

1 

11 

Unknown . 

1 

1 

The  city . 

645 

303 

225 

28 

89 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


353 


Table  XVII. — Conjugal  condition  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 

Total  Colored. 


Under  15  years . . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  and  19  years. .. 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  . . . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

8, 452 
1,825 

8,449 

1,772 

2 

1 

24 

28 

1 

1,143 

1,019 

66 

57 

1 

595 

497 

42 

49 

6 

1 

1,493 

1,058 

220 

193 

21 

1 

1,937 

1,078 

442 

365 

52 

2,  068 

9.54 

552 

474 

87 

1 

3, 172 

1,425 

807 

701 

239 

2,001 

1,041 

392 

365 

203 

1,114 

592 

632 

125 

152 

205 

367 

41 

36 

148 

24, 392 

18, 292 

2, 711 

2,422 

963 

4 

Colored  Males. 


Under  15  years . 

4,041 

4, 039 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years . 

765 

'765 

18  and  19  years . 

484 

475 

3 

6 

20  years . 

240 

218 

10 

10 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

625 

510 

46 

66 

2 

1 

25  to  29  vears . 

805 

503 

144 

151 

7 

30  to  34  years . 

894 

390 

268 

217 

18 

i 

35  to  44  vears  . 

1,255 

455 

416 

332 

52 

45  to  54  years . 

761 

273 

253 

200 

35 

55  to  64  years . 

374 

149 

85 

106 

34 

65  years  and  over . 

181 

103 

27 

22 

29 

The  city . 

10,425 

7,880 

1,252 

1,111 

178 

4 

Colored  Females. 


Under  15  years. . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18 and  19  years... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 

The  city  . . . 


4, 411 
1,060 
659 
355 
868 
1,132 
1,174 
1,917 
1,240 
740 
411 

4,410 

1,007 

544 

279 

548 

575 

564 

970 

768 

483 

264 

1 

28 

51 

39 

127 

214 

257 

369 

165 

46 

14 

24 

63 

32 

174 

298 

284 

391 

139 

40 

14 

1 

1 

5 

19 

45 

69 

187 

168 

171 

119 

13, 967 

10, 412 

1,459 

1,311 

785 

24662 - 23 


354 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 
Table  XVIII. — Illegitimate  children. 


CUBA. 


Total. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and'  over. 

All  classes . 

185, 030 

37, 060 

56,650 

47,161 

26,833 

10, 061 

7, 265 

Males . 

92,126 

18, 557 

28,768 

24, 121 

12. 411 

5,071 

3,198 

Females . 

92,904 

18, 503 

27, 882 

23,040 

14,422 

4,990 

4,067 

Native  white . 

58,686 

12, 140 

19,093 

15,554 

8, 051 

2, 577 

1,271 

Males . 

30, 185 

6,171 

10, 011 

7,960 

3,893 

1,468 

682 

Females . 

28,501 

5, 969 

9, 082 

7, 594 

4,158 

1,109 

.589 

Foreign  white . 

254 

28 

48 

52 

50 

37 

39 

Males . 

143 

13 

25 

28 

29 

22 

26 

Females . 

m 

15 

23 

24 

21 

15 

13 

Colored . 

126, 090 

24,892 

37,509 

31,555 

18,  732 

7,447 

5, 955 

Males . 

61,798 

12, 373 

18, 732 

16, 133 

8,489 

3,581 

2,490 

Females . 

64,292 

12, 519 

18,  777 

15, 422 

10, 243 

3,866 

3,465 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


All  classes . 

28, 303 

5,897 

7,863 

6, 521 

4,237 

2,016 

1,769 

Males . 

13, 665 

2,855 

3, 890 

3,275 

1,955 

923 

767 

Females . 

14,638 

3,042 

3,973 

3,246 

2,282 

1,093 

1,002 

Native  white . 

6,737 

1,834 

2,090 

1,492 

789 

321 

211 

Males . 

3,345 

884 

1,074 

717 

393 

174 

103 

Females . 

3, 392 

9-50 

1,016 

775 

396 

147 

108 

Foreign  white . 

135 

13 

30 

26 

25 

19 

22 

Males . 

70 

7 

14 

12 

13 

10 

14 

Females . 

65 

6 

16 

14 

12 

9 

8 

Colored . 

21, 431 

4,050 

5, 743 

5, 003 

3,423 

1,676 

1,536 

Males . 

10, 250 

1,964 

2,802 

2,546 

1,549 

739 

650 

Females . 

11,181 

2,086 

2, 941 

2, 457 

1,874 

937 

886 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


All  classes . 

24,363 

5,338 

7,331 

6,088 

3,227 

1,247 

1,132 

Males . 

11,969 

2, 662 

3,629 

3, 192 

1,456 

583 

447 

Females . 

12,394 

2,676 

3, 702 

2,896 

1,771 

661 

685 

Native  white . 

2,678 

580 

813 

735 

341 

120 

89 

Males . 

1,332 

286 

395 

386 

162 

67 

36 

Females . 

1,346 

294 

418 

349 

179 

53 

53 

Foreign  white . 

17 

'  2 

3 

4 

4 

4 

Males . 

11 

2 

3 

2 

4 

Females . 

6 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Colored . 

21,668 

4,758 

6, 516 

6,350 

2,882 

1,123 

1,039 

Males . 

10, 626 

2,376 

3,234 

2,804 

1,291 

514 

407 

Females . 

11,042 

2,382 

3, 282 

2, 546 

1, 591 

609 

632 

ILLEGITIMATE  CHILDREN 


355 


Table  XVIII. — Illegitimate  children — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and  over. 

All  classes . 

17, 976 

4,317 

5, 963 

4, 299 

2, 126 

756 

515 

Males . 

8, 820 

2, 157 

3,011 

2, 094 

942 

361 

255 

Females . 

9,156 

2, 160 

2,952 

2, 205 

1,184 

395 

260 

Native  white . 

7,043 

1,830 

2, 455 

1,608 

721 

276 

153 

Males . 

3, 572 

935 

1,284 

774 

348 

148 

83 

Females . 

3,  471 

895 

1,171 

834 

373 

128 

70 

Foreign  white . 

11 

1 

2 

3 

1 

4 

Males . 

7 

1 

3 

1 

2 

Females . 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Colored . 

10,  922 

2, 486 

3,  506 

2, 688 

1, 104 

480 

358 

Males . 

5,241 

1,222 

1,726 

1,317 

593 

213 

170 

Females . 

5,  681 

1,264 

1,780 

1,371 

811 

267 

188 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


All  classes . 

8,483 

1,923 

2, 602 

2,170 

1 , 206 

359 

223 

Males . 

4,354 

984 

1,367 

1,137 

577 

186 

103 

Females . 

4,129 

939 

1,235 

1,033 

629 

173 

120 

Native  white . 

5,004 

1,164 

1,654 

1,318 

653 

155 

60 

Males . 

2, 621 

589 

875 

699 

327 

91 

40 

Females . 

2,383 

575 

779 

619 

326 

64 

20 

Foreign  white . 

5 

1 

•2 

1 

1 

Males . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

Females . 

2 

2 

Colored . 

3,474 

758 

946 

851 

552 

204 

163 

Males . 

1,730 

394 

492 

437 

249 

95 

63 

Females . 

1,744 

364 

454 

414 

303 

109 

100 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


All  classes . 

31,576 

5, 674 

9,474 

8, 395 

4,887 

1,813 

1,333 

Males . 

15,337 

2,867 

4,735 

4,239 

2, 130 

834 

532 

Females . 

16, 239 

2, 807 

4,739 

4, 156 

2, 757 

979 

801 

Native  Avhite . 

8,936 

1,507 

2,807 

2, 641 

1,327 

454 

200 

Males . 

4,544 

764 

1,445 

1,346 

625 

254 

110 

Females . 

4,392 

743 

1,362 

1,295 

702 

200 

90 

Foreign  white . 

49 

3 

8 

10 

9 

13 

6 

Males . 

32 

1 

6 

7 

4 

10 

4 

Females . 

17 

2 

2 

3 

5 

3 

2 

Colored . 

22, 591 

4,164 

6,659 

5.  744 

3, 551 

1,346 

1,127 

Males . 

10, 761 

2, 102 

3,284 

2, 886 

1,501 

570 

418 

Females . 

11,830 

2,062 

3,375 

2, 858 

2, 050 

776 

709 

356 


REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 
Table  XVIII. — Illegitimate  children — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and  over. 

All  classes . 

74,329 

13, 911 

23,417 

19, 688 

11,150 

3, 870 

2,293 

Males . 

37, 981 

7,032 

12, 136 

10, 181 

5,351 

2, 184 

1,091 

Females . 

36, 348 

6,879 

11,281 

9,504 

5, 799 

1,686 

1,199 

Native  white . 

28, 288 

5,225 

9, 274 

7,760 

4,220 

1,251 

558 

Males . 

14,771 

2, 713 

4,938 

4,038 

2,038 

734 

310 

Females . 

13,517 

2,512 

4,336 

3,722 

2,182 

517 

248 

Foreign  white . 

37 

10 

4 

9 

10 

1 

3 

Males . 

20 

4 

4 

3 

7 

2 

Females . 

17 

6 

6 

3 

1 

1 

Colored . 

46, 004 

8, 676 

14,139 

11,919 

6,920 

2,618 

1,732 

Males . 

23, 190 

4,315 

7,194 

6,143 

3,306 

1,450 

782 

Females . 

22, 814 

4,361 

6,945 

5,  776 

3,614 

1,168 

950 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


All  classes . 

2,862 

544 

787 

739 

476 

187 

129 

Males . 

1,371 

1,491 

275 

370 

368 

215 

93 

50 

Females . 

269 

417 

371 

261 

94 

79 

Native  white . 

800 

181 

244 

210 

107 

45 

13 

Males . 

403 

90 

124 

98 

52 

29 

10 

Females . 

397 

91 

120 

112 

55 

16 

3 

Foreign  white . 

1 

1 

Males . 

1 

1 

Females . 

Colored . 

2, 061 

362 

543 

529 

369 

142 

116 

Males . 

967 

184 

246 

270 

163 

64 

40 

Females . 

1,004 

178 

297 

259 

206 

78 

76 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


All  classes . 

17, 760 

3,936 

4,873 

3,759 

2,679 

1,319 

1,194 

Males . 

8,491 

1,892 

2,400 

1,887 

1,225 

583 

504 

Females . 

9,269 

2,044 

2,473 

1,  872 

1,454 

736 

690 

Native  white . . 

4,624 

1,360 

1,426 

964 

520 

205 

149 

Males . 

2,268 

655 

718 

464 

245 

108 

78 

Females . 

2,356 

705 

708 

600 

275 

97 

71 

Foreign  white . 

100 

9 

23 

14 

19 

14 

21 

Males . 

50 

5 

10 

5 

11 

6 

13 

Females . 

50 

4 

13 

9 

8 

8 

8 

Colored . 

13, 036 

2, 567 

3,424 

2, 781 

2, 140 

1,100 

1,024 

Males . 

6,173 

1,232 

1,672 

1,418 

969 

469 

413 

Females . 

6, 863 

1,335 

1,752 

1,363 

1,171 

631 

611 

ILLEGITIMATE  CHILDREN 


357 


Table  XVIII. — Illegitimate  children — Continued. 
CITY  OP  MATANZAS. 


Total. 

Under  5 
years. 

5  to  9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and  over. 

All  classes . 

3,561 

689 

960 

859 

539 

278 

236 

Males . 

1,765 

345 

485 

463 

249 

131 

92 

Females . 

1,796 

344 

475 

396 

290 

147 

144 

Native  white . 

629 

151 

194 

156 

76 

32 

20 

Males . 

329 

80 

99 

86 

37 

18 

9 

Females . 

300 

71 

95 

70 

39 

14 

11 

TTnrpi  pti  wViit.p 

1 

1 

Males  . 

1 

1 

Females  . 

Colored . 

2,931 

538 

766 

703 

462 

246 

216 

Males . 

1,435 

265 

386 

377 

211 

113 

83 

Females . 

1,496 

273 

380 

326 

251 

133 

133 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


All  classes . 

1,946 

383 

516 

456 

324 

148 

119 

Males . 

974 

193 

269 

242 

147 

74 

49 

Females . 

972 

190 

247 

214 

177 

74 

70 

Native  white . 

708 

138 

219 

183 

113 

40 

15 

Males . 

360 

72 

111 

95 

56 

18 

8 

Females . . . 

348 

66 

108 

88 

57 

22 

7 

Foreign  white . 

Males . 

Females 

Colored . 

1,238 

245 

297 

273 

211 

108 

104 

Males . 

614 

121 

158 

147 

91 

56 

41 

Females . 

624 

124 

139 

126 

120 

52 

63 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


All  classes . 

5,824 

733 

1,564 

1,534 

1,075 

462 

456 

Males . 

2, 853 

365 

780 

777 

511 

230 

190 

Females . 

2,971 

368 

784 

757 

564 

232 

266 

Native  white . 

1,193 

168 

372 

322 

220 

65 

46 

Males . 

622 

91 

200 

171 

104 

37 

19 

Females . 

571 

77 

172 

151 

116 

28 

27 

Foreign  white . 

15 

8 

3 

1 

2 

1 

Males . 

8 

4 

3 

1 

Females . 

7 

4 

1 

1 

1 

Colored . 

4,  §16 

557 

1,189 

1,211 

853 

397 

409 

Males . 

2, 223 

270 

577 

606 

406 

193 

171 

Females . 

2, 393 

287 

612 

605 

447 

204 

238 

358 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XIX. — School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education. 
[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Provinces. 

Total 

popu¬ 

lation. 

Under  10 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior  edu¬ 
cation. 

Attended 

school. 

Did  not  at¬ 

tend  school. 

Attended 

school. 

Can  neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read, but 

can  not  write. 

Can  read  and 

write. 

Not  stated. 

Yes. 

No. 

Habana . 

424,804 

14, 652 

65, 076 

16,221 

133,567 

11, 630 

183,021 

637 

9,097 

415, 707 

City  of  Habana  . . 

235, 981 

9. 881 

32, 230 

10,  792 

1*8,122 

7, 822 

127, 039 

95 

7,282 

228, 699 

Matanzas.  ..t . 

202. 444 

6, 698 

36. 449 

7, 995 

96, 067 

4,567 

50, 376 

292 

2,613 

199, 831 

Pinar  del  Rio . . 

172, 064 

1, 655 

41, 102 

1,757 

100,513 

1.490 

26, 415 

132 

746 

172, 318 

Puerto  Principe . 

88, 234 

2. 196 

22, 252 

2,202 

32,440 

2,528 

26, 458 

158 

1,482 

86, 752 

Santa  Clara . 

356. 530 

8,897 

68,212 

11,404 

171,305 

8, 008 

88, 490 

120 

1,977 

354,559 

Santiago . 

327,  715 

6,461 

83,237 

7, 797 

156, 673 

4,549 

68, 910 

88 

3,243 

324, 472 

Cuba  . . 

1,572,797 

40, 559 

316, 428 

47,376 

690, 565 

32, 772 

443, 670 

1,427 

19, 1581,553,639 

1 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Under  10 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years 

of  age 

and  over. 

Superior  edu 
cation. 

i 

^  o 

G  O 

^  to 
-4-> 

eg  O 

o 

ct, 

p  to 
rp 

Q® 

01 

*  o 

G  O 

O  G3 

-43 

< 

^  G 
^G 

+3 

6 

PH?  +3 

p  r 

G  £  ti¬ 
cs  !->  " 

G  ® 

£  0 

§g 

0  g 

G 

ce 

S- 
£  s- 
«  > 

G  " 
d 

O 

<X> 

•+3 

eg 

-43 

to 

-43 

O 

& 

Yes. 

No. 

Aguacate . . 

3, 163 

112 

490 

125 

1, 567 

107 

761 

1 

23 

3,140 

Alquizar _ 

8,746 

138 

1,634 

1 53 

4,411 

135 

2,275 

68 

8,678 

Bainoa . . 

l|  725 

18 

289 

15 

921 

26 

455 

1 

rr 

i 

1,718 

Batabano . . 

6, 523 

282 

1,119 

237 

2, 722 

87 

2,074 

2 

60 

6, 463 

Bauta . . . 

5.142 

70 

909 

75 

2, 758 

68 

1,262 

28 

5,114 

Bejucal _ _ 

5, 756 

195 

960 

175 

2, 467 

71 

1,887 

1 

81 

5, 0i  0 

Cano . 

4,210 

98 

750 

123 

2,014 

78 

1,145 

2 

21 

4,189 

Casiguas _ _ 

1.004 

18 

162 

16 

573 

22 

213 

12 

992 

Catalina . . . 

2, 718 

61 

454 

74 

1,529 

21 

578 

1 

10 

2, 708 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

2, 197 

59 

403 

46 

1,151 

23 

513 

2 

8 

2.189 

Guanabacoa . . 

20, 080 

613 

3.306 

787 

6,823 

806 

7,732 

13 

290 

19. 790 

City  of  Guanaba- 

coa . 

13,965 

5GU 

2,01*9 

717 

3,813 

61*7 

6, 162 

13 

268 

13, 097 

Guara  _ _ _ 

1 , 835 

40 

367 

37 

1,019 

1 

371 

i 

1,828 

Giiines. . 

11,394 

222 

1,787 

325 

5,580 

201 

3,276 

3 

82 

11,312 

Guira  do  Melena _ 

11,548 

182 

2,173 

195 

5, 928 

4  4 

2,972 

21 

105 

11,443 

Habana . . 

242, 055 

9, 967 

33, 3<  X) 

10, 966 

50, 527 

8,008 

129, 186 

101 

7,353 

234,  702 

City  of  Habana. . . 

235, 981 

9,881 

32, 230 

10, 792 

1*8, 122 

7, 822 

127,039 

95 

7.282 

228, 699 

Isla  de  Pinos _ 

3, 199 

38 

784 

37 

1,343 

42 

954 

1 

22 

Mm 

3, 177 

Jaruco . 

4,076 

183 

578 

241 

1,974 

76 

1,021 

1 

36 

4,040 

Madruga . 

3,744 

51 

624 

rrrr 

77 

2,044 

34 

910 

4 

12 

3, 732 

Managua . 

2,887 

:u 

589 

:19 

1, 553 

56 

616 

6 

2,881 

Marianao . 

8,593 

295 

1,371 

369 

2,909 

185 

3, 459 

5 

159 

8i  434 

Melena  del  Sur . 

3, 207 

105 

560 

84 

1.833 

42 

583 

10 

3, 197 

NuevaPaz . 

7,761 

168 

1,432 

188 

3,829 

87 

2,052 

5 

47 

7,714 

Pipian . . . 

1,101 

167 

1 

631 

10 

290 

2 

1,099 

Quivic&n . 

2,423 

96 

425 

92 

1, 226 

30 

554 

26 

2J197 

Regia . 

11.363 

565 

1,790 

563 

3!  023 

413 

4,972 

37 

294 

11.069 

Salud  . . 

3, 293 

64 

630 

58 

1,845 

57 

638 

1 

9 

3,284 

San  Antonio  de  las 

Vegas . 

1,855 

74 

333 

79 

971 

12 

385 

1 

20 

1,835 

San  Antonio  de  los 

1 

Banos . . 

12, 631 

366 

2,217 

410 

5, 490 

.‘162 

3, 885 

1 

106 

12,525 

San  Felipe . 

1,915 

59 

359 

76 

1.009 

45 

365 

*> 

:18 

1 , 877 

San  Josede  las  Lajas. 

4. 154 

88 

734 

89 

2,142 

61 

1,038 

16 

4, 138 

San  N  icolas  . .  . . 

4.568 

19 

915 

27 

2,589 

53 

962 

3 

18 

4. 553 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. 

2. 965 

1 

510 

1 

1,845 

24 

584 

6 

2, 959 

Santa  Maria  del 

Rosario . . 

2, 7:«i 

62 

4.50 

37 

1,356 

1  1'.' 

675 

1 

29 

2, 701 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas 

10, 276 

265 

1,781 

341 

3, 612 

230 

3. 620 

427 

4  4 

10, 199 

Tapaste . 

1,551 

M 

268 

13 

1,001 

29 

232 

5 

1 . 546 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2,416 

36 

456 

48 

1,350 

526 

4 

2;  412 

The  province 

124,801 

14,652 

65, 076 

16,221 

133.567 

11,610 

183,021 

637 

9,097 

415,707 

LITERACY 


359 


Table  XIX. — School  attendance ,  literacy ,  and  superior  education  — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Under  10 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior  edu¬ 
cation. 

Attended 

school. 

Did  not  at¬ 

tend  school. 

Attended 

school. 

Can  neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can read, but 

can  not  write. 

Can  read  and 

write. 

Not  stated. 

Yes. 

No. 

Alacranes . . 

8,110 

236 

1,335 

280 

4, 610 

139 

1,493 

17 

t  t 

8,033 

Bolondron. . . 

9,179 

185 

1,779 

200 

5, 069 

163 

1,780 

3 

91 

9,088 

Cabezas  . . . 

5,181 

93 

960 

101 

3, 225 

42 

760 

3 

13 

5, 171 

Canasi . .. 

1,993 

52 

282 

87 

1,310 

5 

254 

3 

16 

1,977 

Cardenas _ 

21, 861 

1,225 

4,115 

1,558 

8,034 

806 

9,080 

43 

399 

24,462 

City  of  Cardenas. 

21,91+0 

1,202 

3,1+81+ 

1,520 

6,31+7 

7  72 

8,580 

35 

387 

21,553 

Carlos  Rojas  . . - . 

3,  174 

139 

598 

124 

1,797 

88 

424 

4 

3 

3,171 

Colon . . . . . 

12, 195 

341 

2,455 

345 

5,  467 

317 

3,258 

12 

90 

12, 105 

Cuevitas . 

5,807 

100 

1,169 

96 

3,230 

123 

1,084 

5 

18 

5, 789 

Guamacaro  .. . 

6,000 

171 

1,176 

192 

3,  474 

65 

910 

12 

62 

5,938 

Jagiiey  Grande  . . 

5, 853 

131 

1,198 

114 

3,227 

72 

1,100 

11 

27 

5,826 

Jovellanos . 

7,529 

256 

1,437 

275 

3,509 

142 

1,889 

21 

155 

7,374 

Macagua . . . 

5,042 

67 

1,143 

93 

2, 966 

64 

706 

3 

45 

4,997 

Macuriges . .. 

10, 405 

264 

1,888 

265 

6, 054 

140 

1,757 

37 

50 

10,355 

Marti . 

8,905 

205 

1,824 

162 

5,1 19 

112 

1,478 

5 

49 

8, 856 

Matanzas. . . 

45, 282 

2,251 

6, 764 

2,858 

15, 079 

1,547 

16,715 

68 

1,289 

43,993 

City  of  Matanzas . 

36,37U 

2, 158 

5,170 

2,727 

9,699 

1,289 

15,273 

58 

1,21+0 

35, 131+ 

Maximo-Gomez . 

4,046 

80 

773 

98 

2,239 

84 

771 

1 

26 

4,020 

Mendez  Capote . 

2,158 

5 

405 

13 

1,335 

40 

347 

13 

4 

2, 154 

Palmillas . . 

7,647 

158 

1,643 

178 

4,315 

71 

1, 276 

6 

34 

7,613 

Perico  . . . 

4,449 

109 

764 

158 

2,378 

95 

942 

3 

23 

4, 426 

Roque . . 

4,464 

72 

779 

68 

2,744 

81 

716 

4 

15 

4,449 

Sabaniila . . . . 

5,205 

135 

959 

191 

2, 909 

88 

919 

4 

51 

5, 154 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

•  6,765 

225 

1,404 

262 

3, 702 

115 

1,047 

10 

27 

6,738 

Santa  Ana.. . . 

2,965 

i 

626 

59 

1,827 

16 

429 

1 

8 

2, 957 

Union  de  Reyes . 

5,226 

191 

973 

218 

2, 448 

152 

1,241 

3 

41 

5,185 

The  province. . . 

202, 444 

6,698 

36,449 

7,995 

96,067 

4,567 

50, 376 

292 

2, 613 

199,831 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa  _ 

9,317 

57 

1,698 

72 

5, 442 

76 

1,960 

12 

45 

9,272 

Bahia  Honda  . 

2,117 

476 

1,253 

19 

368 

1 

8 

2, 10!) 

Cabanas _ 

3, 853 

5 

634 

19 

2, 693 

8 

494 

11 

3;  842 

Candelaria . . 

4, 866 

83 

830 

111 

2, 928 

32 

879 

3 

88 

4,778 

C  o  n  s  6 1 a  c  i  6  n  del 

Norte.  _ _ 

7,399 

68 

1,994 

43 

4, 450 

50 

792 

2 

17 

7,382 

Consolacion  del  Sur  . 

16, 665 

195 

4, 130 

205 

9,  399 

239 

2,484 

13 

74 

16, 591 

Guana  jay _ 

8, 796 

22!) 

1,684 

238 

3, 938 

147 

2,559 

1 

74 

8,722 

Guane  . . . . 

14,760 

9 

3, 086 

13 

9,550 

59 

2,034 

9 

20 

14,740 

Guayabal . 

2,710 

49 

496 

60 

1,467 

35 

600 

3 

21 

2,689 

Julian  Diaz _ _ 

1,871 

1 

419 

1,293 

157 

1 

2 

1,869 

Los  Palacios . 

2,  456 

2 

523 

3 

1,466 

34 

424 

4 

14 

2, 442 

Mantua . . 

8, 366 

29 

2,057 

31 

5, 252 

44 

945 

8 

11 

8,355 

Mariel . . . 

3,631 

117 

646 

104 

1,957 

53 

751 

3 

22 

3, 609 

Pinar  del  Rio _ 

38, 343 

463 

10, 092 

470 

20, 852 

406 

6,032 

28 

206 

38, 137 

City  of  Pinar  del 

Rio _ _ 

8,880 

363 

1,591+ 

372 

3,170 

213 

3, 153 

15 

169 

8,711 

San  Cristobal _ 

4, 263 

26 

826 

39 

2,537 

26 

808 

1 

19 

4,244 

San  Diego  d  e  los 

Banos _ _ 

2, 419 

14 

510 

10 

1,494 

7 

381 

3 

14 

2,405 

San  Diego  de  Nunez. 

1, 137 

261 

714 

14 

148 

1 

1,136 

San  Juan  y  Martinez. 

14; 787 

74 

3,627 

90 

9,040 

108 

1,828 

20 

33 

14, 754 

San  Luis . 

7. 608 

52 

2, 10!) 

87 

4,310 

58 

977 

15 

24. 

7,584 

Vinales . 

17,700 

182 

5,004 

162 

10,  478 

75 

1,794 

5 

42 

17, 658 

The  province... 

173,064 

1,655 

41,102 

1,757 

100,513 

1,490 

26,415 

132 

746 

172,318 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

9, 801 

123 

2,767 

123 

4,597 

999 

1 , 965 

4 

88 

9, 713 

Moron . . 

9, 6:10 

162 

2, 636 

211 

4, 830 

225 

1,553 

13 

65 

9, 565 

Nuevitas  . . . 

10, 355 

304 

2, 154 

313 

3, 635 

215 

3, 718 

16 

137 

10,218 

Puerto  Principe _ 

City  of  Puerto 

53, 140 

1,522 

13, 159 

1 , 466 

17,288 

1,709 

17,879 

117 

1,139 

52,001 

Principe  . . 

25, 102 

1,319 

t+,  553 

1,21+2 

5,026 

1,111+ 

11,820 

28 

921+ 

21+ ,  178 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  .. 

5, 308 

85 

1,536 

89 

2,090 

157 

1,343 

8 

53 

5, 255 

The  province  . . 

88,234 

2, 196 

22,252 

2,202 

32,440 

2,528 

26, 458 

158 

1 , 482 

86,752 

360 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XIX. — School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Under  10 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior  edu¬ 
cation. 

District. 

Total 

popula¬ 

tion. 

Attended 

school. 

_ 

Did  not  at¬ 

tend  school. 

Attended 

school. 

Can  neither 

read  nor 

write. 

Can  read,  but 

ean  not  write. 

Can  read  and 

write. 

® 

-M 

a 

00 

43 

O 

£ 

Yes. 

No. 

Abreus . . 

3,995 

180 

764 

185 

1,862 

81 

922 

1 

34 

3,961 

Caibarien . 

8,650 

218 

1,917 

241 

3,100 

273 

2,900 

1 

42 

8,608 

Calabazar . 

13, 419 

181 

2,582 

278 

7,881 

246 

2,245 

6 

46 

13,373 

Camajuani  . . 

14,495 

6,244 

240 

2,961 

1,210 

262 

7,565 

3,592 

145 

3,322 

72 

14,423 

6,225 

Cartagena . . 

96 

141 

50 

1,153 

2 

19 

Ceja  de  Pablo _ 

6,954 
59, 128 

107 

1,842 

107 

3,668 

23,900 

95 

1.135 

18,738 

20 

6,934 

58,618 

Cienfuegos _ _ 

1,994 

10, 622 

2,555 

1,247 

72 

510 

City  of  Cienfue- 

2, 155 

935 

90s . 

SO, OSS 

1,677 

5 ,861 

7,097 

13, 286 

28 

394 

29, 655 

Cifuentes . 

3,825 

189 

685 

182 

1,928 

43 

797 

1 

20 

3.805 

Cruces  _ _ 

7,953 

236 

1,422 

316 

3, 653 

238 

2,086 

2 

39 

7, 914 

7,811 

191 

1, 356 

254 

4,491 

131 

1,387 

1 

30 

7,781 

6,527 

11,961 

8,890 

172 

1,354 

2,376 

1,901 

236 

3, 124 
6,198 
5,629 

149 

1,492 
2, 738 
1,130 

15 

6,512 

11,915 

8,859 

Placetas . 

160 

197 

292 

46 

Quemado  de  Giiines . 

80 

74 

76 

31 

Rancho  Veloz . 

7,532 

5,059 

96 

1,713 

1,079 

128 

4.417 

83 

1,095 

1,060 

25 

7,507 

Ranchuelo  . . 

63 

183 

2;  558 

115 

1 

15 

5,044 

Rodas . 

9, 562 
21,342 

384 

1,876 

3,633 

357 

4,930 

76 

1,939 

6,412 

42 

9,520 

21,202 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

952 

1,123 

8,612 

603 

r* 

i 

140 

City  of  Sagua  la 

4 ,022 

44 3 

Grande . 

12,  728 

720 

2,035 

868 

4,634 

7 

115 

12, 613 

San  Antonio  de  las 

Vueltas . 

12,832 
25, 709 

120 

2,891 

5,211 

167 

6,949 

9,872 

184 

2,521 

7,949- 

42 

12,  790 
25,564 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

429 

773 

1,474 

1 

145 

City  of  Sancti- 

Spirit  us . 

13, 696 

307 

2, 375 

991 

587 

3,528 

1,029 

4 ,870 

1 

107 

12, 5S9 

San  Diego  del  Valle.. 

5,369 

49 

57 

3,319 

60 

891 

2 

19 

5. 350 

San  Fernando _ 

6, 445 

63 

1,322 

85 

3, 848 

48 

1,075 

4 

19 

6,426 

San  Juan  de  las  Y eras 

5,600 

111 

1,195 

142 

3, 186 

102 

855 

9 

19 

5,581 

San  Juan  de  los  Re- 

6,9&4 

medios . 

14,833 

499 

2,713 

610 

316 

3,708 

3 

bV 

14,  776 

Santa  Clara . 

28,437 

885 

4,602 

1,238 

13,304 

891 

7,513 

4 

279 

28, 158 

City  of  Santa 

Clara . 

13,  763 

818 

1,807 

1,144 

4 ,083 

613 

5,297 

1 

364 

13,599 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 

Lajas . . . 

9,603 

96 

1,598 

114 

5, 778 
5, 860 

155 

1,861 

1 

37 

9,566 

Santo  Domingo . 

10,372 

243 

1,828 

230 

137 

2,073 

1 

61 

10,311 

Trinidad . 

24,271 

675 

4,646 

979 

10,254 

491 

7,225 

1 

135 

24,136 

City  of  Trinidad  . 

11,120 

520 

2,036 

2,022 

755 

2,970 

223 

4,616 

108 

11,012 

Yaguajay . 

9,718 

188 

190 

4,843 

207 

2, 268 

18 

9,700 

The  province . . . 

356, 536 

8,897 

68,312 

11,404 

171,305 

8,008 

88,490 

120 

1,977 

354, 559 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo . . 

12,770 

21,944 

11 

3,632 

6,836 

32 

7,544 

10,354 

40 

1,511 
3, 556 

36 

12,734 
21, 866 

Baracoa  . 

401 

450 

344 

3 

78 

Bayamo . 

21,193 

315 

6, 265 
1,782 

371 

11,412 

3,933 

4,749 

5,821 

283 

2,547 

1,216 

2,270 

1,806 

72 

21, 121 

Campechuela . 

7,369 
9,126 
10, 707 

162 

203 

73 

32 

7,337 

9,028 

10,672 

Caney  . 

39 

1.940 

52 

76 

98 

Cobre . 

43 

2,933 

53 

50 

1 

35 

Cristo . 

1,194 

31,594 

20 

253 

24 

460 

16 

421 

20 

1,174 

31.274 

Gibara . . . . 

664 

8,198 

695 

15.204 

362 

6,442 

29 

320 

Guantanamo . 

28,063 

444 

6,225 

674 

13,806 

374 

6, 533 

7 

375 

27,688 

Holguin . 

34,506 

432 

9,820 

450 

17, 592 

385 

5,822 

5 

63 

34,443 

Jiguani . 

10, 495 

80 

3, 155 

194 

5,833 

96 

1.136 

1 

8 

10, 487 

Manzanillo . 

32,288 

1,184 

7,641 

1,215 

14,216 

645 

7,384 

3 

146 

32,142 

City  of  Manzanillo 

14,464 

1,061 

1,070 

3,909 

537 

5,565 

1 

135 

15,329 

Mayari . 

8,504 

42 

2,853 

73 

4,527 

204 

1,000 

5 

12 

8,492 

Niquero . 

2,718 

93 

744 

116 

1,402 
7, 569 

21 

342 

5 

2, 713 
12,289 

Palma  Soriano . 

12; 305 

60 

3,321 

151 

76 

1,126 

2 

16 

Puerto  Padre . 

19,984 

189 

5,887 

189 

10, 633 

277 

2,798 

11 

91 

19, 893 

Sagua  de  Tanamo.... 

5,  796 

54 

1,  759 

78 

3,227 

49 

626 

3 

10 

5,786 

San  Luis . 

11,681 

257 

2,837 

296 

6,508 

68 

1,714 

1 

78 

11.603 

Santiago  de  Cuba .... 
City  of  ‘ Santiago 

45, 478 

1,971 

7,356 

2,481 

11,883 

1,110 

20, 660 

17 

1,748 

43,730 

de  Cuba . . 

4 3,090 

1,970 

6,652 

2,461 

10,527 

1,109 

20,355 

16 

1,753 

51,357 

The  province... 

827,716 

6, 461 

83,237 

7, 797 

156, 673 

4,549 

68,910 

88 

3,243 

324,472 

LITERACY 


361 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age ,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy. 

CUBA. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total . . . 

1,215,810 

690, 565 

32, 772 

492,473 

10  to  14  years. . . . . . 

220, 049 

140, 727 

9,144 

70, 178 

15  to  19  years . . . 

178, 035 

96. 261 

6, 145 

75,629 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

152, 959 

75,954 

3,501 

73,504 

25  to  29  years. . . . 

137, 405 

69, 242 

3, 198 

61. 965 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

118,812 

62, 548 

2,612 

53, 652 

35  to  44  years . . 

185, 056 

101,553 

3, 937 

79,566 

45  to  54  years. . — 

117,528 

71,693 

2, 275 

43, 560 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

68, 182 

45, 429 

1,288 

21,465 

65  years  and  over . . . 

37, 784 

27, 158 

672 

9,954 

Total  males . 

634,515 

ail,  691 

11,905 

270,919 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . . . 

112,399 

75, 149 

3,892 

33, 358 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

84, 346 

47, 978 

2, 293 

34,075 

20  to  24  years . . .  . . 

79, 008 

38,141 

1,261 

39, 606 

25  to  29  years . . . 

73,206 

34, 598 

1,098 

37,510 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

64,023 

30, 850 

894 

32, 279 

35  to  44  years... _ _ _ 

101,305 

50, 712 

1,292 

49,301 

45  to  54  years . . . 

64,096 

36,312 

686 

27, 098 

55  to  64  years . 

37,099 

24, 197 

331 

12,571 

65  years  and  over . 

19,033 

13, 754 

158 

5, 121 

Total  females . . . . . . . . 

581,295 

338,874 

20,867 

221,554 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . . 

107, 650 

65, 578 

5,252 

36,820 

15  to  19  years . . . 

93, 689 

48,283 

3, 852 

41 , 554 

20  to  24  years. . 

73, 951 

37, 813 

2,240 

33,898 

25  to  29  years. . . . 

64, 199 

34,644 

2, 100 

27, 455 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

54,789 

31,698 

1,718 

21,373 

35  to  44  years . 

83, 751 

50, 841 

2,645 

30, 265 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

53,432 

35,381 

1.589 

16, 462 

55  to  64  years . 

31,083 

21,232 

957 

8,894 

65  years  and  over . 

18, 751 

13, 404 

514 

4, 833 

Total  native  white . 

673, 795 

359, 585 

16, 604 

297, 606 

10  to  14  years . . . 

146, 928 

91,362 

5, 696 

49,870 

15  to  19  years . . 

114, 092 

60. 349 

3,289 

50, 454 

20  to  24  years . . . 

88,503 

44,148 

1,634 

42, 721 

25  to  29  years. . . . . .  . 

74,111 

37, 162 

1.375 

35, 574 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . . 

63, 008 

31,544 

1,127 

30,337 

35  to  44  years. . . . . . 

95, 001 

47, 911 

1,743 

45,347 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

52, 838 

27, 437 

927 

24, 474 

55  to  64  years . . . 

26, 690 

13,522 

549 

12,619 

65  years  and  over . . . . 

12, 624 

6,150 

264 

6,210 

Native  white  males . . . 

326, 825 

179,902 

6,015 

140,908 

10  to  14  years . . 

75, 170 

48,848 

2, 471 

23,851 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . 

52, 818 

29,763 

1,268 

21,787 

20  to  24  years . . . 

42, 091 

21,623 

591 

19,877 

25  to  29  years . . . .  . 

35,588 

18, 055 

428 

17, 105 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

31,054 

15, 625 

350 

15, 079 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

47,  705 

24,143 

524 

23,0:38 

45  to  54  years . . 

25, 192 

12, 966 

242 

11,984 

55  to  64  years . . 

11,996 

6,196 

98 

5,702 

65  years  and  over . 

5,211 

2, 683 

43 

2,485 

Native  white  females . 

346,970 

179,683 

10,589 

156,698 

10  to  14  years . 

71,758 

42,514 

3,225 

26,019 

15  to  19  years . .  . 

61,274 

30, 586 

2,021 

28, 667 

20  to  24  years . . . 

46,  412 

22, 525 

1,043 

22,844 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

38,523 

19, 107 

947 

18, 469 

30  to  34  years . . . 

31,954 

15, 919 

777 

15,2.58 

35  to  44  years . . . 

47, 296 

23,768 

1,219 

22,309 

45  to  54  years . 

.  27,646 

14,471 

685 

12, 490 

55  to  64  years . 

14, 694 

7,326 

451 

6, 917 

65  years'  and  over . 

7,413 

3,467 

221 

3,725 

362 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  aye  and  over ,  by  aye,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CUBA — Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . . 

139, 180 

40, 745 

2,300 

96, 135 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

2, 704 

1,034 

103 

1,027 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

8,307 

2,074 

136 

0,097 

20  to  24  years . . . 

20, 195 

5,520 

277 

14,398 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

23,030 

0,292 

303 

16, 375 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ 

19, 075 

5,498 

310 

13,867 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

31,512 

8,799 

527 

22, 186 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ — 

19,314 

5, 950 

327 

13,031 

55  to  04  years . . . . . . 

9,820 

3, 625 

174 

6,021 

05  years  and  over . . 

4,503 

1,947 

83 

2,533 

Foreign  white  males . 

114,254 

29,060 

1,284 

83,910 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ 

1,048 

595 

50 

1,003 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

0, 708 

1,521 

77 

5,110 

20  to  24  years _ _ _ 

17,285 

4,370 

179 

12,  736 

25  to  29  years . . . 

19,047 

4,990 

224 

14,427 

30  to  34  years .  . . . — . . . 

10, 040 

4,122 

178 

12,340 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . . . . 

20, 449 

0, 445 

290 

19,714 

45  to  54  years . . . 

15,515 

3, 880 

104 

11,471 

55  to  04  years . . . . .  . . 

7,327 

2, 120 

84 

5, 123 

05  years  and  over . — 

3, 029 

1,011 

38 

1,980 

Foreign  white  females . .  . . . . . 

24, 920 

11,685 

1,016 

12,225 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

1,116 

439 

53 

624 

J5  to  19  years . . . 

1,599 

553 

59 

987 

20  to  24  years  _ _ _ _ _ ... 

2,910 

l,  150 

98 

1,002 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

3,383 

1,296 

139 

1,948 

;50  to  34  years . . . . . . . 

3,029 

1,376 

132 

1,521 

35  to  44  years . _ . . . . . 

5, 003 

2. 354 

237 

2, 472 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

3, 799 

2, 070 

163 

1,500 

55  to  04  years - - - - - 

2, 493 

1,505 

90 

898 

05  years  and  over . . . 

1,534 

936 

45 

553 

Total  colored. . . . 

402,835 

290,235 

13,868 

98, 732 

10  to  14  years . . . 

70, 357 

48.331 

3,345 

18,081 

15  to  19  years . . . 

55, 030 

33. 838 

2,  720 

19,078 

20  to  24  years . 

44,201 

20, 286 

1,590 

10,385 

25  to  29  years . . . 

40,204 

25, 788 

1,460 

13,010 

30  to  34  years  . . . . 

3(5. 129 

25, 500 

1, 175 

9, 448 

35  to  44  years . 

58, 543 

44, 843 

1 , 067 

12,033 

45  to  54  years . 

45, 370 

38,300 

1,021 

6, 07)5 

55  to  04  years  . . . . . . 

31,072 

28.282 

565 

2. 825 

05  years  and  over  . . . . . 

20,597 

19. 001 

325* 

1,211 

Colored  males . 

193, 430 

142, 729 

4,600 

40, 101 

10  to  14  years . 

35, 581 

25,706 

1,371 

8, 504 

15  to  19 years. . 

24,820 

16, 694 

948 

7,178 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

19,  (532 

12, 148 

491 

0, 993 

25  to  29  years . . 

17,971 

11,547 

440 

5, 978 

IK)  to  34  years . . . . . 

10,323 

11,103 

300 

4,854 

35  to  44  years . 

27, 151 

20, 124 

478 

6, 549 

45  to  54  years . . 

23. 389 

19, 400 

280 

3, 043 

55  to  04  years . . . . 

17,770 

15, 881 

149 

1,  740 

05  years  and  over . 

10, 793 

10,000 

77 

050 

Colored  females . 

209,399 

147,506 

9,202 

52,631 

10  to  14  years . 

54,  77(5 

22,025 

1,974 

10, 177 

15  to  19  years . 

30,810 

17,144 

1,772 

11,900 

20  to  24  years . 

24, 029 

14.138 

1 . 099 

9,392 

25  to  29  years  . 

22, 293 

14,241 

1,014 

7,038 

30  to  34  years . . . 

19,800 

14.403 

809 

4,594 

35  to  44  years . . . 

31,392 

24.719 

1. 189 

5, 484 

45  to  54  years  . : . 

21,987 

18, 834 

741 

2.412 

55  to  04  years . . . . 

13,896 

12. 401 

410 

1,079 

05  years  and  over . 

9,8(4 

9,001 

248 

555 

LITERACY. 


363 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total . . . - . 

345,070 

13c),  i 

11,030 

199,879 

10  to  14  years . . - . 

50, 737 

23,150 

2,824 

24, 703 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . 

48,521 

17,597 

1,908 

29,016 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

49,251 

16, 126 

1,328 

31,797 

25  to  29  years . - . . 

45, 029 

14,958 

1,257 

28,814 

30  to  34  years . . . - - - - - . 

30, 403 

12, 774 

1,055 

22,034 

35  to  44  years  . . . . 

53,519 

19,582 

1,599 

32,333 

45  to  54  years . . — . - . . 

32, 883 

14,529 

903 

17,451 

55  to  04  years  - - -  - - . 

18, 829 

9, 497 

507 

8,825 

05  years  and  over . . 

9,844 

5,354 

249 

4,241 

Total  males . . - . . . - . 

182,212 

04, 594 

4,219 

113,399 

10  to  14  years . . 

25, 058 

12,382 

1 , 209 

12,007 

15  to  19  years . . . - . - . 

23, 771 

8,800 

750 

14,221 

20  to  24  years . . . 

26, 294 

7,818 

510 

17, 966 

25  to  29  years _ _ - . . . . 

24,981 

7,376 

434 

17,171 

30  to  34  years - - - - 

20,357 

0, 009 

355 

13,993 

35  to  44  years . - . . . 

29,082 

9,025 

513 

20, 144 

45  to  54  years . . . 

17,478 

0, 549 

260 

10,009 

55  to  04  years _ _ 

9, 564 

4,383 

133 

5,048 

05  years  and  over . 

4,427 

2,252 

55 

2, 120 

Total  females . . . . 

162,864 

68,973 

7,411 

80,480 

10  to  14  years . - . 

25, 079 

10,708 

1, 015 

12,096 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

24. 750 

8, 797 

1,  158 

14, 795 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . 

22, 957 

8, 308 

818 

13,831 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . . 

20, 048 

7,582 

823 

11,643 

30  to  34  y ears . . . . . . . 

16, 100 

0, 765 

700 

8,641 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ 

23, 837 

10, 557 

1,080 

12, 194 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ _ 

15, 405 

7, 980 

043 

6,782 

55  to  04  years . .  - _ _ _ 

9, 265 

5,114 

374 

3, 777 

05  years  and  over . . . . . 

5,417 

3,102 

194 

2,121 

Total  native  white . _ . 

186,323 

05, 895 

5, 050 

115,378 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

35, 730 

15,697 

1,630 

18, 403 

15  to  19  years . _ . . 

31,394 

11,481 

940 

18,973 

20  to  24  years . _ . . . . . . 

27,515 

9, 497 

540 

17,478 

25  to  29  years. . . . . 

23,075 

7,701 

476 

14,898 

30  to  34  years... . . . 

17,827 

5,571 

378 

11,878 

35  to  44  years . - . . . . 

25,289 

7, 079 

549 

17,001 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

14,211 

4, 056 

271 

9,284 

55  to  04  years . . . . . 

7,595 

2,517 

180 

4,892 

05  years  and  over . . . . . 

3, 687 

1,096 

80 

2,511 

Native  white  males . . . 

88, 002 

32,422 

1,847 

53, 733 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

18,074 

8,490 

719 

8, 865 

15  to  19  years . . . 

14, 403 

5, 678 

377 

8,348 

20  to  24  years. _ _ _ 

12, 098 

4, 509 

209 

7,980 

25  to  29  years. . . . . 

10, 963 

3, 754 

153 

7,056 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

8, 650 

2.  740 

115 

5, 789 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

12, 286 

3, 705 

170 

8, 351 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

0, 403 

1,983 

06 

4,354 

55  to  04  years . . . . 

3, 140 

1,057 

29 

2, 060 

05  years  and  over . . . 

1,379 

440 

9 

930 

Native  white  females  . . . . 

98,321 

33,473 

3, 203 

01,645 

10  to  14  years . . . 

17, 656 

7,207 

911 

9, 538 

15  to  19  years . - . 

16, 991 

5, 803 

563 

10,625 

20  to  24  years . 

14,817 

4, 988 

331 

9, 498 

25  to  29  years  . . . . 

12,112 

3, 947 

323 

7,842 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

9,177 

2,825 

263 

6,089 

35  to  44  years . . 

13, 003 

3,914 

379 

8,710 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

7, 808 

2,673 

205 

4,930 

55  to  04  years . . . . 

4,449 

•  1 , 460 

157 

2,832 

05  years  and  over  . . . 

2, 308 

050 

71 

1,581 

364 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity , 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . 

67, 174 

13,227 

1,288 

52, 659 

10  to  14  years . .  . 

1,443 

326 

60 

1,057 

15  to  19  years . . . 

4,785 

674 

68 

4.043 

20  to  24  years . . 

10,397 

1,604 

163 

8,630 

25  to  29  years . - . 

11,224 

1,853 

201 

9,170 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

9,560 

1,763 

168 

7,629 

35  to  44  years. . 

14,517 

2,855 

300 

11,362 

45  to  54  years . . . 

8,541 

2,096 

185 

6,260 

55  to  64  years  . 

4,576 

1.348 

96 

3, 132 

65  years  and  over . 

2, 131 

708 

47 

1,376 

Foreign  white  males . . . 

53,290 

7,869 

637 

44,784 

10  to  14  years . 

880 

181 

28 

671 

15  to  19  years.  , . 

4,019 

501 

44 

3,474 

20  to  24  years. . . 

8, 802 

1,109 

98 

7,595 

25  to  29  years . . . 

9.300 

1.273 

104 

7,923 

30  to  34  years . 

7,794 

1,075 

81 

6,638 

35  to  44  years. . . . 

11,552 

1.681 

143 

9, 728 

45  to  54  years. . . . . . 

6,417 

1,108 

76 

5. 233 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

3, 197 

639 

41 

2,517 

65  years  and  over . 

1,329 

302 

22 

1,005 

Foreign  white  females . 

13,884 

5,358 

651 

7,875 

10  to  14  years . . . 

563 

145 

32 

386 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

766 

173 

24 

569 

20  to  24  years .  . 

1,595 

495 

65 

1,035 

25  to  29  years . 

1,924 

580 

97 

1,247 

30  to  34  years . . 

1,766 

688 

87 

991 

35  to  44  years. . . 

2, 965 

1,174 

157 

1,634 

45  to  51  years . 

2,124 

988 

109 

1,027 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . 

1,379 

709 

55 

615 

65  years  and  over . 

802 

406 

25 

371 

Total  colored .  . . . . . . . . 

91,579 

54,445 

5,292 

31,842 

10  to  14  years . . . 

13,564 

7,127 

1,134 

5,303 

15  to  19  years . 

12,342 

5,442 

900 

6,000 

20  to  24  years . 

11,339 

5,025 

725 

5,689 

25  to  29  veaz's. . . , . 

10, 730 

5,404 

580 

4, 746 

30  to  34  years . . . 

9,076 

5, 440 

509 

3,127 

35  to  44  years . 

13. 713 

9, 048 

750 

3, 915 

45  to  54  years . . . 

10, 131 

7,777 

447 

1,907 

55  to  64  years. . . 

6, 658 

5,632 

125 

801 

65  years  and  over . 

4,026 

3,550 

122 

354 

Colored  males . . . 

40,920 

24,303 

1,735 

14,882 

10  to  14  years . 

6,704 

3,711 

462 

2,531 

15  to  19  years . . . 

5,349 

2,621 

329 

2, 399 

20  to  24  years . 

4,794 

2,200 

203 

2,391 

25  to  29  years . 

4, 718 

2,349 

177 

2.192 

30  to  34  years. . 

3,913 

2,188 

159 

1,566 

35  to  44  years . . . 

5,844 

3, 579 

200 

2,065 

45  to  54  years . 

4,658 

3,458 

118 

1,082 

55  to  64  years . 

3,221 

2,687 

63 

471 

65  years  and  over  .  - . 

1,719 

1,510 

24 

185 

Colored  females . 

50, 659 

30, 142 

3,557 

16,960 

10  to  14  years . 

6. 860 

3,416 

672 

2.772 

15  to  19  years . 

6,993 

2,821 

571 

3,601 

20  to  24  years . 

6, 545 

2,825 

422 

3,298 

25  to  29  years . 

6.012 

3, 055 

403 

2,554 

30  to  34  years . I 

5,163 

3,252 

350 

1,561 

35  to  44  years . 

7,869 

5. 469 

550 

1,850 

45  to  54  years . 

5.  473 

4.319 

329 

825 

55  to  64  years . 

3, 437 

2, 945 

162 

330 

65  years  and  over . 

2,307 

2,040 

98 

169 

LITERACY 


365 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity , 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  _  . . . . . - 

159,297 

96, 067 

4,567 

58,663 

10  to  14  years  . . . . . 

27,294 
22, 143 

15, 944 
11,908 

1,316 

10,034 

9.220 

15  to  19  years. . . . . . . . . . 

1,015 

20  to  24  years. . . . . . . . . 

19.498 

10, 242 
9,  778 

535 

8,721 

25  to  29  years  . . . . . . . - . 

17,788 

480 

7. 530 
5,843 
8,761 
4.982 
2, 449 
1,  123 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . .  .  -  -  - _ 

14,418 

8,241 

334 

35  to  44  years  . . - . 

22, 963 

13, 777 
11.740 

425 

45  to  54  vears  .  . . . . . . . . 

16,969 

11,404 

247 

55  to  64  years  _ _ _ _ - _ 

8,814 

5,623 

141 

65  years  and.  over . . . 

6, 820 

74 

Total  males  _  . . . . . . . 

82,047 

49, 682 

1, 666 

30, 699 

10  to  14  vears . . . .  . . . 

13, 901 
10,183 
9,466 
8,852 
7, 453 
12, 287 

8,785 

5,929 

5,042 

4,779 

4.017 

553 

4 , 563 

15  to  19  years . . .  . . . 

368 

3,886 
4,247 
3,909 
3,326 
5. 396 

20  to  24  vears. . . . . . . 

177 

25  to  29  vears  . - . - . 

164 

SO  to  34.  vea.rs  .  . . . . .  .  . 

110 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

6.  752 
6,203 
5.  131 

139 

45  to  54  years . . - . 

9,466 
6, 759 
3, 680 

89 

3,174 

1,583 

615 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . 

45 

65  years  and  over  . . 

3, 044 

21 

Total  females  _  ..... _ _ .... _ _ 

77,250 

46,385 

2,901 

27,964 

10  to  14  years .  . . . . 

13,393 
11,960 
10, 032 
8,936 
6, 965 
10, 676 
7,503 
4, 645 
3,140 

7,159 
5,979 
5,200 
4,999 
4,224 
7,025 
5, 537 
3,683 
2,579 

763 

5,471 
5,  .334 
4,474 
3.621 

15  to  19  years . . . 

647 

20  to  24  years  . . . . . . 

358 

25  to  29  years  . . . . . . . . . . 

316 

30  to  34  years  . 

224 

2,517 

35  to  44  years  . . . . . 

286 

3. 365 

45  to  54  years  . . . 

158 

1,808 

866 

55  to  64  vears  . 

96 

65  years  and  over  . 

53 

508 

Total  native  white . . . 

77, 428 

38,097 

2,294 

37,037 

10  to  1 4  vears . . . . 

16,865 
13, 565 
10,  918 
9, 243 
7,034 

9,479 
6,818 
5,263 
4,420 
3,214 
4, 528 
2, 577 
1,268 
530 

768 

6,618 
6,235 
5,412 
4,617 
3,668 
5, 532 
2,964 
1,336 
655 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

512 

20  to  24  years  . . 

243 

25  to  29  years  . 

206 

30  to  34  years  .  .  . . 

152 

35  to  44  years  . . . 

10, 267 
5, 660 

207 

45  to  54  years  . . . 

119 

55  to  64  years  .  . . . . . 

2;  662 

1,214 

58 

65  years  and  over . . .  .. 

29 

Native  white  males  . . . . . . . 

37, 482 

19,522 

843 

17,117 

10  to  14  years . 

'  8,598 
6,262 
5,144 
4,328 
3, 472 
5,220 
2, 730 
1,224 
504 

5,205 

3,394 

2,669 

2,218 

1,678 

2,326 

1,203 

335 

3,058 
2. 669 

15  to  19  years  . . . . 

199 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . . . 

83 

2. 392 

25  to  29  vears . . . 

62 

2.048 

1,742 

2,831 

1,493 

636 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . 

52 

35  to  44  years . . . 

63 

45  to  54  years  . 

34 

55  to  64  years  . 

'579 

9 

65  years  and  oyer . 

250 

6 

248 

Native  white  females . . 

39, 946 

18,575 

1,451 

19,920 

10  to  14  years . 

8,267 
7,303 
5, 774 
4, 915 
3,562 
5,047 
2,930 
1,438 
710 

4,274 
3, 424 
2, 594 
2,202 
1,536 
2,202 

433 

3.560 
3,566 
3,020 
2,569 
1,926 
2.  701 

15  to  19  vears 

313 

20  to  24  vears  . 

160 

25  to  29  years  . . . 

144 

30  to  34  years  . . 

100 

35  to  44  years . . . 

144 

45  to  54  years . . 

1  ’  374 
689 

85 

1,471 

55  to  64  years.  . 

49 

'700 

65  years"  and  over . 

280 

23 

407 

I 


366 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XX.—  Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . 

15,016 

5,493 

292 

9,231 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

265 

150 

7 

108 

15  to  19  years. . 

075 

263 

18 

394 

20  to  24  years . . . 

1,830 

641 

33 

1,162 

25  to  29  years . . . 

2,082 

706 

32 

1,344 

30  to  34  years. . . . 

1,900 

593 

34 

1,273 

35  to  44  years . 

3,394 

1,056 

65 

2,273 

45  to  54  years . . . - . . 

2, 402 

923 

47 

1,492 

55  to  04  years . . . 

1,592 

735 

37 

820 

05  years  and  over . . . 

810 

426 

19 

365 

Foreign  white  males. . . 

11,729 

3,008 

147 

7,974 

10  to  14  years . 

152 

86 

5 

61 

15  to  19  years. . . . . . 

474 

164 

r* 

i 

303 

20  to  24  years.  .-. . . . . 

1,508 

481 

20 

1,007 

25  to  29  years. . 

1.720 

538 

22 

1,160 

30  to  34  years - - - - 

1,576 

433 

21 

1,122 

35  to  44  years - - - - - - - 

2, 809 

767 

30 

2,012 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

1,870 

.544 

20 

1,300 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

1,112 

385 

16 

711 

05  years  and  over . . . 

508 

210 

6 

292 

Foreign  white  females . 

3,287 

1,885 

145 

1,257 

10  to  14  years . 

113 

04 

2 

47 

15  to  19  years . . . 

201 

99 

11 

91 

20  to  24  years . . . 

328 

100 

13 

155 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

362 

108 

10 

184 

30  to  34  years . . . 

324 

160 

13 

151 

35  to  41  years . . . . . — 

585 

289 

35 

201 

45  to  54  years. . . 

592 

379 

27 

180 

55  to  04  vears . . . . . . . . 

480 

350 

21 

109 

65  years  and  over  . . . . . 

302 

210 

13 

73 

Total  colored . . . 

66,853 

52, 477 

1,981 

12,395 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

10, 164 

0, 315 

541 

3,308 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . 

7,903 

4,827 

485 

2,591 

20  to  24  years . . .  . . . 

6,  744 

4,338 

259 

2,147 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

0,403 

4.052 

242 

1,569 

30  to  34  years . . . . . 

5,484 

4,434 

148 

902 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

9,302 

8,193 

153 

950 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

8,847 

8,240 

81 

520 

55  to  64  years . . . 

7. 150 

6,811 

46 

293 

05  years  and  over . . . . . 

4,790 

4, 667 

26 

.  103 

Colored  males . . . 

32, 836 

20, 552 

676 

5,008 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

5, 151 

3,494 

213 

1,444 

15  to  19  years  . . . . . . 

3,447 

2,371 

102 

914 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

2,814 

1,892 

74 

818 

25  to  29  years . . . 

2,804 

2,023 

80 

701 

30  to  34  years . . . 

2, 405 

1,906 

37 

402 

35  to  44  years . . . 

4,258 

3, 059 

46 

553 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

4,860 

4, 456 

35 

375 

55  to  64  years . 

4,423 

4,107 

20 

236 

65  years  and  over  . . 

2, 008 

2,584 

9 

75 

Colored  females . 

34,017 

25,925 

1,305 

6, 787 

10  to  14  years . 

5,013 

2,821 

328 

1,864 

15  to  19  years . . 

4. 456 

2, 456 

323 

1,077 

20  to  24  years . 

3,930 

2, 446 

185 

1,299 

25  to  29  years . 

3, 059 

2, 029 

162 

868 

30  to  34  years .  . 

3, 079 

2, 528 

111 

440 

35  to  44  years . 

5,044 

4. 534 

107 

403 

45  to  54  years . . 

3, 981 

3,  784 

46 

151 

55  to  04  years . 

2,  727 

2, 044 

20 

57 

65  years*  and  over . 

2,128 

2, 083 

17 

28 

LITERACY 


367 


Table  XX. — Population  10  yearn  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  nex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  . . . . . * _ 

130,307 

100,513 

1,490 

28, 304 

10  to  14  years  . . . . . . 

35, 453 

21,561 

404 

3, 480 

15  to  19  years _ _ . _ _ 

30,  737 

16, 338 

343 

4,056 

30  to  34  years - . . - - 

19,395 

14, 685 

208 

4, 502 

35  to  39  years  ...  . . . . .  — 

16, 978 

13,617 

164 

4,197 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

13,311 

9,087 

96 

3, 128 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

16,  744 

11,987 

159 

4, 598 

45  to  54  years - - - 

10, 176 

7,449 

66 

2, 661 

55  to  64  years _ _  _ _ _ _ 

5,  503 

4,345 

32 

1,235 

65  years  and  oyer . . . . . . . . 

3,031 

3,546 

18 

457 

Total  males  . . . . . . . . 

69, 775 

51,545 

639 

17,591 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ _ 

13,043 

11,138 

177 

1,738 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

10,174 

8, 003 

137 

2,035 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

9, 961 

7,338 

86 

2,637 

35  to  39  years _ _ _ 

9,133 

6,380 

67 

2, 685 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ 

6,871 

4, 717 

39 

2,115 

35  to  44  years  . . .  . . . . 

9,569 

6,358 

82 

3,229 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . 

5,903 

3, 932 

32 

1,948 

55  to  64  years . . . .  . . . 

3,339 

2,442 

13 

884 

65  years  and  over _  _ _ _ 

1,784 

1,458 

6 

320 

Total  females . . . . . 

60, 533 

48,968 

851 

10, 713 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

13,410 

10,  441 

227 

1,742 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ _ _ 

10, 553 

8, 326 

206 

2,021 

30  to  34  years _  _  _ _ 

9, 434 

7, 447 

122 

1,865 

35  to  39  years _ _ _ 

7,846 

6, 237 

97 

1,512 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ 

5,440 

4,370 

57 

1,013 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . . 

7,175 

5, 729 

77 

1,369 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

4,374 

3,527 

34 

713 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . . . 

3, 163 

1,803 

19 

341 

65  years  and  over _ 

1,337 

1,088 

12 

137 

Total  native  white. . . 

84,345 

64,349 

986 

18,990 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

18,363 

15,223 

313 

2,827 

15  to  19  years . . .  . . . 

14,773 

11,454 

222 

3,096 

30  to  34  years  .* . . . . 

13,358 

10, 004 

130 

3, 124 

35  to  39  years _ _ _ 

11,300 

8,300 

111 

2,  789 

30  to  34  years  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

7,739 

5, 735 

59 

1,945 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

10,071 

7, 183 

82 

2,806 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ _  _ _ 

5,433 

3,918 

37 

1,467 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . . 

3,494 

1,794 

21 

679 

65  years  and  over . . . . . 

1,036 

758 

11 

257 

Native  white  males _  _ _ 

43, 796 

32, 184 

413 

10,199 

10  to  14  years  _ _ _ _ _ 

9, 438 

7,877 

135 

1,416 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

7,195 

5, 602 

94 

1,499 

30  to  34  years _ 

6, 547 

4,878 

57 

1,613 

35  to  39  years . . . . . . . 

5,714 

4, 106 

45 

1 , 563 

30  to  34  years . . 

4, 060 

2,923 

24 

1,113 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ 

5,386 

3,633 

33 

1,620 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ _ 

3,  783 

1,906 

15 

862 

55  to  64  years . . . .  . 

1,376 

894 

rv 

7 

375 

65  years  and  over . . . 

507 

365 

3 

139 

Native  white  females. . . 

41,549 

32, 185 

573 

8,791 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ 

8,935 

7,346 

178 

1,411 

15  to  19  years . . 

7, 577 

5,852 

128 

1,597 

30  to  34  years . . 

6,711 

5,136 

73 

1,512 

35  to  39  years _ _ _ _ _ 

5, 486 

4,194 

66 

1,336 

30  to  34  years . . . 

3,679 

2,812 

35 

833 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

4, 785 

3, 550 

49 

1 , 186 

45  to  54  years . . . .  . . 

3,639 

2,012 

22 

605 

55  to  64  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

1,318 

900 

14 

304 

65  years  and  over . 

519 

393 

8 

118 

368 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white. . . 

10,636 

4,410 

106 

6,120 

10  to  14  years . - . 

115 

64 

4 

47 

15  to  19  years . 

550 

234 

10 

308 

20  to  24  years . 

1,402 

619 

15 

768 

25  to  29  years. . . . 

1,633 

676 

11 

946 

30  to  34  years .  . . . 

1,471 

575 

14 

882 

35  to  44  years. . 

2,432 

907 

33 

1,492 

45  to  54  years . 

1,716 

685 

11 

1,020 

55  to  04  years . - . 

908 

422 

4 

482 

65  years  and  over . 

409 

228 

4 

177 

Foreign  white  males . 

9,400 

3,594 

76 

5, 730 

10  to  14  years . . . 

80 

41 

4 

35 

15  to  19  years . . - . 

487 

201 

6 

280 

20  to  24  years . 

1,263 

521 

13 

729 

25  to  29  years . 

1,471 

583 

8 

880 

30  to  34  years  .  . 

1,319 

492 

8 

819 

35  to  44  years . . 

2, 184 

751 

24 

1,409 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

1,494 

533 

8 

953 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

782 

321 

3 

458 

65  years  and  over . . . 

320 

151 

2 

167 

Foreign  white  females . . . . . 

1,236 

816 

30 

390 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

35 

23 

12 

15  to  19  years - - - - - . 

63 

33 

4 

26 

20  to  24  years . . . 

139 

98 

2 

39 

25  to  29  years . 

162 

93 

3 

66 

30  to  34  years . . . . . 

152 

83 

6 

63 

35  to  44  years  . . . . . 

248 

156 

9 

83 

45  to  54  years. . . . 

222 

152 

3 

67 

55  to  64  years . 

126 

101 

1 

24 

65  years  and  over . . . 

89 

77 

2 

10 

Total  colored . . . 

35,326 

31,734 

398 

3,194 

10  to  14  years. . . 

6,975 

6,282 

87 

606 

15  to  19  years . 

5, 405 

4,640 

111 

654 

20  to  24  years . 

4,735 

4,062 

63 

610 

25  to  29  vears . 

4, 145 

3, 641 

42 

462 

30  to  34  years . 

3,101 

2, 777 

23 

301 

35  to  44  years . . 

4,241 

3,897 

44 

300 

45  to  54  years . . . 

3,038 

2,846 

18 

174 

55  to  64  years . 

2,100 

2,029 

7 

64 

65  years  and  over . 

1,586 

1,560 

3 

23 

Colored  males . 

17, 579 

15, 767 

150 

1,662 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

3,535 

3,210 

38 

287 

15  to  19  years . . . 

2,492 

2,199 

37 

256 

20  to  24  years . 

2, 151 

1,839 

16 

296 

25  to  29  years . 

1,947 

1,691 

14 

242 

30  to  34  vears . 

1,492 

1.302 

7 

183 

35  to  44  years . 

2,099 

1,874 

25 

200 

45  to  54  years . 

1 . 625 

1.483 

9 

133 

55  to  64  years . 

1,281 

1,227 

3 

51 

65  years  and  over . 

957 

942 

1 

14 

Colored  females . 

17, 747 

15,967 

248 

1,532 

10  to  14  years . . 

3, 440 

3,072 

49 

319 

15  to  19  years . 

2, 913 

2,441 

74 

398 

20  to  24  years . . . 

2,584 

2,223 

47 

314 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

2, 198 

1,950 

28 

220 

30  to  34  years . 

1,609 

1,475 

16 

118 

35  to  44  years . . . 

2,142 

2,023 

19 

100 

45  to  54  years . 

1,413 

1.363 

9 

41 

55  to  64  vears . . . . . . . . 

819 

802 

4 

13 

65  years  and  over . 

629 

618 

O 

9 

LITERACY 


369 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age ,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity , 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


• 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total _ _ _ _ 

63, 786 

32, 440 

2,528 

28,818 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

13,320 

8,571 

797 

3,952 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ _ 

9, 650 

4,711 

421 

4, 518 

20  to  24  years  . . . . . . . . 

6,248 

2,478 

165 

3, 605 

25  to  29  years . . - - - 

5, 100 

2, 068 

153 

2,879 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ 

5, 944 

2, 640 

191 

3,113 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . . . 

9, 943 

4,764 

339 

4,840 

45  to  54  years . . . . . - . . 

6, 791 

3, 423 

210 

3, 158 

55  to  64  years _ _ . 

4,200 

2,188 

156 

1,856 

65  years  and  over _ _ _ _ _ _ 

2,590 

1,597 

96 

897 

Total  males . . - . . . . . - . 

32,368 

17, 409 

907 

14,052 

10  to  14  years _ _ - . - . 

6,863 

4, 730 

349 

1,784 

15  to  19  years  - - 

4,481 

2, 534 

162 

1, 785 

20  to  24  years . .. - - - 

3,121 

1,303 

60 

1,758 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

2,582 

1,080 

55 

1,447 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . . . 

2,963 

1,355 

58 

1,550 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ -  - . 

5,208 

2,547 

109 

2,552 

45  to  54  years  . . . .. . . . 

3,533 

1,765 

53 

1, 715 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . - . . 

2, 238 

1,213 

38 

987 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . 

1,379 

882 

23 

474 

Total  females _ _ _ . . . _ _ 

31,418 

15,031 

1,621 

14,766 

10  to  14  years  . . . . . . 

6,457 

3,481 

448 

2, 168 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . 

5,169 

2,177 

259 

2, 733 

20  to  24  years . . . 

3,127 

1, 175 

105 

1,847 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . . 

2,518 

988 

98 

1,432 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . . 

2,981 

1,285 

133 

1,563 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

4, 735 

2,217 

230 

2,288 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . 

3,258 

1,658 

157 

1,443 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . . . 

1,962 

975 

118 

869 

65  vears  and  over  . . . . . . . 

1,211 

715 

73 

423 

Total  native  white . . . 

46,221 

23,394 

1,709 

21, 118 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ _ 

10, 889 

6, 997 

630 

3,262 

15  to  19  years - - - - - - - 

7, 584 

3, 714 

317 

3,553 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

4,470 

1,856 

105 

2, 509 

25  to  29  years  . . . . . . . 

3,325 

1,440 

75 

1,810 

30  to  34  years .  . . . . 

4,351 

1,949 

122 

2, 280 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . 

7, 165 

3, 432 

206 

3, 527 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

4,471 

2,168 

123 

2, 180 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

2,606 

1,209 

80 

1,317 

65  years  and  over _ _ _ _ 

1,360 

629 

51 

680 

N ati ve  white  males . . . . . 

22, 268 

12,266 

636 

9,366 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

5,612 

3,875 

284 

1,453 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

3,526 

1,998 

127 

1,401 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

2, 120 

974 

38 

1,108 

25  to  29  years . . 

1,499 

712 

26 

761 

30  to  34  years .  . . .  . . 

2,053 

989 

32 

1,062 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

3, 563 

1,802 

67 

1,694 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . . 

2,065 

1,042 

34 

98!) 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . . . 

1,216 

593 

20 

603 

65  years  and  over . . . . . 

614 

281 

8 

325 

Native  white  females  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

23,953 

11,128 

1,073 

11, 752 

10  to  14  vears . . . . . . 

5,277 

3, 122 

316 

1,809 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

4, 058 

1,716 

190 

2, 152 

20  to  24  years  . . . .  ... 

2, 350 

882 

67 

1,401 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ _ 

1,826 

728 

49 

1,049 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

2, 298 

960 

90 

1,248 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

3,602 

1,630 

139 

1,833 

45to  54  years . . . . 

2, 406 

1,126 

89 

1,191 

55  to  64  years . .  . . . . 

1,390 

616 

60 

714 

65  years  and  over . . . . . 

746 

348 

43 

355 

24662 


24 


370 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over .  by  age ,  sene,  race ,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . 

3, 965 

1,281 

76 

2,608 

10  to  14  years . 

103 

36 

3 

64 

15  to  19  years. . . . . . . 

153 

28 

3 

122 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . 

462 

90 

4 

368 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

675 

196 

16 

463 

30  to  34  years . . . 

459 

148 

11 

300 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

874 

305 

19 

550 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . . 

680 

221 

13 

446 

55  to  64  years . . . 

370 

151 

6 

213 

65  years  and  over  . 

189 

106 

1 

82 

Foreign  white  males . . 

3,459 

1,057 

57 

2,345 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

55 

19 

O 

i*1 

34 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

108 

20 

l 

87 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . 

403 

81 

1 

321 

25  to  29  years _  _ _ _ _ 

636 

183 

16 

437 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . . 

424 

139 

10 

275 

35  to  44  years . . . 

795 

272 

14 

509 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . 

604 

176 

8 

420 

55  to  64  years .  . . . 

292 

100 

4 

188 

65  years  and  over . . . 

142 

67 

1 

74 

Foreign  white  females . 

506 

224 

19 

263 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . . . 

48 

17 

1 

30 

15  to  19  years . 

45 

8 

2 

35 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

59 

9 

3 

47 

25  to  29  years . . 

39 

13 

26 

30  to  34  years . . .  . . . . 

25 

9 

1 

25 

35  to  44  years . . 

79 

33 

5 

41 

45  to  54  years  . . . . . . 

76 

45 

5 

26 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

78 

51 

2 

25 

65  years  and  over . .  . 

47 

39 

8 

Total  colored . . . . . 

13,600 

7,765 

743 

5,092 

10  to  14  years . 

2,328 

1,538 

164 

626 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

1.913 

969 

101 

843 

20  to  24  years  . . . . . 

1.316 

532 

56 

728 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

1.100 

432 

62 

606 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

1,134 

543 

58 

533 

35  to  44  years _ _ _  _  _ _ 

1,904 

1,027 

114 

763 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

1,640 

1,034 

74 

532 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

1,224 

828 

70 

326 

65  years  and  over . . . .  . 

1,041 

862 

44 

135 

Colored  males . . . 

6,641 

4,086 

214 

2,341 

10  to  14  years . . 

1,196 

836 

63 

297 

15  to  19  years . . . 

847 

516 

34 

297 

20  to  24  years . 

598 

248 

21 

329 

25  to  29  years . 

447 

185 

13 

249 

.'30  to  34  years . . . 

486 

227 

16 

243 

35  to  44  years . . . 

850 

473 

28 

349 

45  to  54  years . . . 

864 

547 

11 

306 

55  to  64  years . . . 

730 

520 

14 

196 

65  years  and  over . . . 

623 

534 

14 

75 

Colored  females . 

6, 959 

3,679 

529 

2,751 

10  to  14  years . 

1,132 

702 

101 

329 

15  to  19  years .  .  ... 

1.066 

453 

67 

546 

20  to  24  years . 

718 

284 

35 

399 

25  to  29  years . 

653 

247 

49 

257 

30  to  34  years . 

648 

316 

42 

290 

35  to  44  years .  . 

1,054 

554 

86 

414 

45  to  54  years . 

776 

487 

63 

226 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

494 

308 

56 

130 

65  years  and  over . . . 

418 

328 

30 

60 

LITERACY 


371 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total . 

279,327 

171,305 

8,008 

100,014 

10  to  14  years  -  - . - . 

51,341 

33, 170 

2, 383 

15,788 

15  to  19  years - - - - 

40, 716 

23, 522 

1,604 

15,590 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

34,209 

18, 922 

862 

14,425 

25  to  29  years. -  - . . . . 

31,536 

17, 762 

799 

12, 975 

30  to  34  years . . . . - . 

27, 339 

16,153 

564 

10,  622 

35  to  44  years .  . . . . 

43, 152 

25, 925 

880 

16, 347 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

27,271 

18, 162 

504 

8, 605 

55  to  64  years . -  . . . 

15, 618 

11,360 

278 

3,980 

65  years  and  over  . . . . . 

8,145 

6,329 

134 

1,682 

Total  males  . . - . . 

150, 137 

91,937 

2,789 

55, 411 

10  to  14  years . .  . . . . . 

26,383 

17,822 

982 

7, 579 

15  to  19  years  -  - . . - _ _ — 

19,231 

11,874 

558 

6, 799 

20  to  24  years . . . . - . . .  ... 

18, 145 

10, 119 

282 

7,744 

25  to  29  years . . - - - 

17, 264 

9, 373 

260 

7,631 

30  to  34  years . . . 

15, 324 

8,624 

199 

6, 501 

35  to  44  years .  - . - . . . . . 

24,614 

13, 923 

271 

10, 420 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . . . . 

15, 674 

9,989 

153 

5,532 

55  to  64  years . . . 

9,038 

6,648 

54 

2,336 

65  years  and  over . . . . 

4,464 

3,565 

30 

869 

Total  females  . . . . . . . 

129, 190 

79,368 

5,219 

44,603 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

24,958 

15,348 

1,401 

8,209 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . 

21, 485 

11,648 

1,046 

8,791 

20  to  24  years - - - . . 

16, 064 

8,803 

580 

6,681 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

14,272 

8,389 

539 

5,344 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ 

12,015 

7,529 

365 

4,121 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . 

18,538 

12,002 

609 

5,927 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . 

11,597 

8,173 

351 

3,073 

55  to  64  years . . . . . .  _ . 

6, 580 

4,712 

224 

1,644 

65  years  and  over . . . 

3,681 

2, 764 

104 

813 

Total  native  white . . . . 

160, 983 

93,282 

4,503 

63, 198 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . . . .  _ . 

36,434 

23, 519 

1,584 

11,331 

15  to  19  years - - . . . . . . . 

27,  421 

15, 619 

904 

10,898 

20  to  24  years  . . - . 

20, 297 

11,074 

454 

8,769 

25  to  29  years . - . . . . . 

17,710 

9,860 

374 

7,476 

30  to  34  years . . . . . 

15, 221 

8, 625 

288 

6,308 

35  to  44  years . - . . . . 

23,314 

13,040 

470 

9, 804 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

12,335 

7,122 

237 

4,976 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

5,824 

3,174 

134 

2,516 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . . 

2,427 

1,249 

58 

1.120 

Native  white  males . . . . . 

79,512 

47,011 

1,544 

30,957 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

18, 775 

12,576 

660 

5,539 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ _ . .. _ 

12, 686 

7,663 

317 

4, 706 

20  to  24  years _ _ _ _ _ 

9, 855 

5, 496 

152 

4, 207 

25  to  29  years  -  - . . . . .  _ . . 

8,709 

4,820 

102 

3,787 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . 

7,861 

4,471 

95 

3,295 

35  to  44  years . -  - _ _ _ _ 

12,077 

6, 709 

131 

5,237 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

5, 957 

3,363 

60 

2, 534 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . 

2,576 

1,382 

17 

1,177 

65  years  and  over . . . _  _ 

1,016 

531 

10 

475 

Native  white  females  . . . . . . 

81,471 

46,271 

2,959 

32,241 

10  to  14  years . . .  . .  . . 

17, 659 

10, 943 

924 

5, 792 

15  to  19  years... . . . . 

14, 7&5 

7, 956 

587 

6, 192 

20  to  24  years . . . 

10, 442 

5. 578 

302 

4, 562 

25  to  29  years . . 

9, 001 

5, 040 

272 

3, 689 

30  to  34  years . . . . .  . 

7,360 

4, 154 

193 

3, 013 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

11,237 

6, 331 

339 

4,567 

45  to  54  years  . . . 

6,378 

3, 759 

177 

2,442 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

3,248 

1,792 

117 

1,339 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . 

1,411 

718 

48 

645 

372 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . 

29,394 

12, 142 

393 

16,859 

10  to  14  years . - . 

567 

344 

21 

202 

15  to  19  years - - - 

1,585 

728 

27 

830 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

4,621 

2, 139 

45 

2,437 

25  to  29  years . .  .. . . 

5,227 

2, 152 

82 

2, 993 

20  to  34  years . - . . . - . . 

4,325 

1,778 

58 

2,489 

35  to  44  years . . . - . . . 

6,810 

2, 566 

77 

4,167 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

3,940 

1,420 

53 

2, 467 

55  to  64  years . . . 

1,621 

691 

19 

911 

65  years  and  over . 

698 

324 

11 

363 

Foreign  white  males . 

25,088 

9,562 

258 

15,268 

10  to  14  years . 

335 

206 

8 

121 

15  to  19  years . .  . 

1,223 

540 

12 

671 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

4, 050 

1,841 

36 

2, 173 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

4,572 

1,800 

58 

2,714 

30  to  34  years . . .  . . 

3,784 

1,449 

39 

2.296 

35  to  44  years . . 

5,949 

2,016 

51 

3, 882 

45  to  54  years . . . . -  - . 

3,368 

1,049 

37 

2,282 

55  to  64  years  .  _ . . . . . . 

1,318 

480 

11 

827 

65  years  and  over . 

489 

181 

6 

302 

Foreign  white  females . . 

4,306 

2,580 

135 

1,591 

10  to  14  years . 

232 

138 

13 

81 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . . 

362 

188 

15 

159 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

571 

298 

9 

264 

25  to  29  years . - . 

655 

352 

24 

279 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

541 

329 

19 

193 

35  to  44  years _ _ - . 

861 

550 

26 

285 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

572 

371 

16 

185 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

303 

2j1 

8 

84 

65  years  and  over . . . . 

209 

143 

5 

61 

Total  colored . . 

88, 950 

65,881 

3,112 

19, 957 

10  to  14  years . . 

14,340 

9,307 

778 

4,255 

15  to  19  years .  . 

11,710 

7,175 

673 

3,862 

20  to  24  years. . . 

9,291 

5,709 

363 

3,219 

25  to  29  years  . . . . .  . 

8,599 

5, 750 

343 

2,506 

30  to  34  years . 

7,793 

5, 750 

218 

1.825 

35  to  44  years.. . . . 

13, 028 

10,319 

333 

2,376 

45  to  54  years. . . . . 

10, 996 

9,620 

214 

1. 162 

55  to  64  years .  . 

8,173 

7, 495 

125 

553 

65  years  and  over . 

5,020 

4, 756 

65 

199 

Colored  males . 

45, 537 

35,364 

987 

9, 186 

10  to  14  years . 

7,273 

5,040 

314 

1.919 

15  to  19  years. . . 

5,322 

3,671 

229 

1,422 

20  to  24  years . . 

4,240 

2,782 

94 

1.364 

25  to  29  years. . . . 

3. 983 

2, 753 

100 

1,130 

30  to  34  years . 

3,679 

2,704 

65 

910 

35  to  44  years . . 

6, 588 

5. 198 

89 

1,301 

45  to  54  years . . . 

6,349 

5,577 

56 

716 

55  to  64  years . . 

5,144 

4,786 

26 

332 

65  years  and  over . . 

2,959 

2,853 

14 

92 

Colored  females . 

43,413 

30, 517 

2,125 

10, 771 

10  to  14  years . 

7,067 

4.267 

464 

2. 336 

15  to  19  years . .  . . 

6.388 

3. 504 

444 

2,440 

20  to  24  years . . . 

5, 051 

2, 927 

269 

1 . 855 

25  to  .‘29  years  . 

4, 616 

2, 997 

243 

1, 376 

30  to  :J4  years . . . 

4. 114 

3,046 

153 

915 

35  to  44  years . . . 

6, 440 

5. 121 

244 

1.075 

45  to  54  years . . 

4,647 

4,043 

158 

446 

55  to  64  years . 

3,029 

2. 709 

99 

221 

65  years  and  over . 

2,C61 

1,903 

51 

107 

LITERACY 


373 


Table  XX.— Population  10  years  of  age  and  over .  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy— Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total 


10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years - 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total  males 


10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years _ 

65  years  and  over 


Total  females 


10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years  _ _ 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total  native  white. 


10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Native  white  males. 


10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  yefers . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Native  white  females. 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years .  ... 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

1 

Can  read 
Out  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

238,017 

156, 673 

4,549 

76, 795 

51,904 

38, 323 

1.420 

12. 161 

36, 278 

22, 195 

854 

13, 229 

24.358 

13,501 

403 

10, 454 

20, 974 

12,059 

345 

8, 570 

22,337 

13, 653 

372 

8,312 

38, 735 

25, 518 

535 

12. 682 

23, 438 

16, 390 

345 

6,703 

12,629 

9,325 

174 

3, 130 

7,364 

5, 709 

101 

1, 554 

117,976 

76,524 

1 , 685 

39, 767 

26,551 

20, 302 

622 

5.627 

16,506 

10, 839 

318 

5.349 

12,021 

6,621 

146 

5,254 

10,395 

5,610 

118 

4, 667 

11,055 

6,128 

133 

4,794 

19,945 

12,207 

178 

7,560 

12. 043 

7,884 

99 

4. 060 

6, 161 

4,380 

48 

1,733 

3,299 

2,553 

23 

723 

120,041 

80, 149 

2,864 

37, 028 

25,353 

18,021 

798 

6, 534 

19, 772 

11,356 

536 

7,880 

12, 337 

6,880 

257 

5, 200 

10,579 

6,449 

227 

3, 903 

11,282 

7,525 

239 

3, 518 

18, 790 

13,311 

357 

5, 122 

11,395 

8,506 

246 

2, 643 

6,468 

4,945 

126 

1,397 

4,065 

3,156 

78 

831 

118, 495 

74,548 

2,062 

41,885 

28, 647 

20. 447 

•  771 

7,429 

19, 356 

11,263 

394 

7.  699 

12, 045 

6.454 

162 

5.429 

9,558 

5,441 

133 

3.984 

10,836 

6, 450 

128 

4,258 

18, 895 

12,049 

229 

6,617 

10, 739 

6,996 

140 

3, 603 

5, 509 

3, 560 

70 

1.879 

2,910 

1,888 

35 

987 

56, 765 

36, 497 

732 

19,536 

14, 683 

10,825 

338 

3. 520 

8,746 

5, 428 

154 

3, 164 

5.727 

3,097 

52 

2, 578 

4.375 

2,445 

40 

1.890 

4,958 

2,818 

32 

2, 108 

9,273 

5, 908 

60 

3,305 

5,254 

3,469 

33 

1, 752 

2,558 

1,691 

16 

851 

1,191 

816 

7 

368 

61,730 

38,051 

1,330 

22,349 

13,964 

9,622 

433 

3, 909 

10,610 

5, 835 

240 

4,535 

6,318 

3,357 

110 

2, 851 

5, 183 

2,996 

93 

2,094 

5,878 

3,632 

96 

2, 150 

9,622 

6,141 

169 

3,312 

5,485 

3, 527 

107 

1,851 

2,951 

1,869 

54 

1,028 

1,719 

1,072 

28 

619 

REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


^74 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . . 

12,995 

4, 192 

145 

8, 658 

10  to  If  years . . . 

271 

114 

8 

149 

15  to  19  years. . . . . 

559 

147 

10 

402 

20  to  24  years. . . 

1, 477 

427 

17 

1,033 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

2, 189 

709 

21 

1,459 

30  to  34  years .  . . - . 

1,960 

641 

25 

1,294 

35  to  44  years - - - . - . 

3, 485 

1,110 

33 

2,342 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

1,975 

611 

18 

1,346 

55  to  G4  years - - - - 

753 

278 

12 

463 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . . 

326 

155 

1 

170 

Foreign  white  males . 

11,288 

3,370 

109 

7,809 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

146 

62 

3 

81 

15  to  19  years. . . 

397 

95 

r* 

i 

295 

20  to  24  years. . 

1.259 

337 

11 

911 

25  to  29  years . . —  . . . 

1.948 

619 

16 

1,313 

30  to  34  years. . . - . . . . 

1,749 

534 

19 

1,196 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . 

3,160 

958 

28 

2,174 

45  to  54  years . . .  . . . 

1,762 

470 

15 

1,277 

55  to  64  years. . . . - . - . 

626 

195 

9 

422 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . . 

241 

100 

1 

140 

Foreign  white  females . .  . . 

1,707 

822 

36 

849 

10  to  14  years . . 

125 

52 

5 

68 

15  to  19  years . . . 

162 

52 

3 

107 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

218 

90 

6 

122 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

241 

90 

5 

146 

30  to  34  years . . . - . . 

211 

107 

6 

98 

35  to  44  years. . . . . . . . 

325 

152 

5 

168 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

213 

141 

3 

69 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

127 

83 

3 

41 

65  years  and  over  . . . . 

85 

55 

30 

Total  colored . - . 

106,527 

77,933 

2, 342 

26,252 

10  to  14  years  - . .  .  - . 

22,986 

17, 762 

641 

4,583 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

16,363 

10,785 

450 

5, 128 

20  to  24  years  . . . . . . . 

10,836 

6,620 

224 

3,992 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

9,227 

5,909 

191 

3,127 

30  to  34  years . . 

9,541 

6.562 

219 

2, 760 

35  to  44  years . . 

16, 355 

12,  £59 

273 

3,723 

45  to  54  years . . . 

10,  724 

8,783 

187 

1, 754 

55  to  64  years . . . 

6,367 

5,487 

92 

788 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . 

4,128 

3,666 

65 

397 

Colored  males . 

49,923 

36,657 

8« 

12,422 

10  to  14  years . 

11,722 

9, 415 

281 

2,026 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

7,363 

5, 316 

157 

1,890 

20  to  24  years . *. . 

5,035 

3,187 

83 

1, 765 

25  to  29  years . 

4,072 

2, 546 

62 

1,464 

30  to  34  years . 

4, 348 

2,776 

82 

1,490 

35  to  44  years . . .  . . . 

7.512 

5, 341 

90 

2,081 

45  to  54  years .  . 

5,027 

3,945 

51 

1,031 

55  to  64  years .  . 

2, 977 

2. 494 

23 

460 

65  years  and  over . 

1,867 

1,637 

15 

215 

Colored  females . . . 

56, 604 

41,276 

1,498 

13,830 

10  to  14  years . . .  . 

11,264 

8,347 

360 

2,557 

15  to  19  years .  . .  . 

9,000 

5,469 

293 

3,238 

20  to  24  years . . . 

5,801 

3,433 

141 

2,227 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

5,155 

3,363 

129 

1,663 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . 

5,193 

3,  786 

137 

1,270 

35  to  44  years _ _  _ _ _ _ 

8,843 

7,018 

183 

1,642 

45  to  54  years . .  . . . 

5, 697 

4,838 

136 

723 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

3,390 

2,993 

69 

328 

65  years  and  over . 

2,261 

2,029 

50 

182 

LITERACY.  375 

Table  XX. — Population  10  yearn  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  . . . . 

23,500 

7,097 

934 

15,469 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . . . 

3,892 

982 

252 

2,658 

15  to  19  years . . . - . - . 

3,295 

742 

160 

2,393 

20  to  24  years . . .  - . -  - . -  -  - 

3,056 

657 

113 

2,286 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

2,684 

655 

101 

1,928 

30  to  34  years . . . 

2,373 

717 

81 

1,575 

35  to  44  years. - - - - 

3,847 

1,326 

113 

2,408 

45  to  54  years - - - 

2,360 

1,022 

59 

1,279 

55  to  64  years - - - - - 

1,285 

620 

35 

630 

65  years  and  over  . . . . - 

708 

376 

20 

312 

Total  males  -  - . . . 

11,391 

2, 959 

342 

8,090 

10  to  14  years . . . . - . 

1,883 

513 

118 

1,252 

15  to  19  years - - - - - 

1,415 

328 

69 

1,018 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . . 

1,502 

282 

34 

1,186 

25  to  29  years . . . -  . . . 

1,342 

271 

34 

1,037 

30  to  34  years  — - - - 

1,214 

270 

29 

915 

35  to  44  years _ _ - . 

1,963 

505 

36 

1,422 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ 

1,173 

400 

10 

763 

55  to  64  years _ _ _ — 

603 

252 

9 

342 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . . 

296 

138 

3 

155 

Total  females _ _ _ 

12, 109 

4,138 

592 

7,379 

10  to  14  years . - . 

2,009 

469 

134 

1,406 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . . . . 

1,880 

414 

91 

1,375 

20  to  24  years - - - - 

1,554 

375 

79 

1,100 

25  to  29  years - - - - - - 

1,342 

384 

67 

891 

30  to  34  years . . . .  . . 

1,159 

447 

52 

660 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ 

1,884 

821 

77 

986 

45  to  54  years . . -  -  - . 

1,187 

622 

49 

516 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . 

682 

368 

26 

288 

65  years  and  over . . 

412 

238 

17 

157 

Total  native  white  . . . . . . . 

11,578 

2,480 

379 

8,719 

10  to  14  years . - . . . - . 

2,390 

519 

135 

1,736 

15  to  19  years .  . . . . . . . 

1,920 

353 

74 

1,493 

20  to 24  years... . . 

1,593 

289 

41 

1,263 

25  to  29  years. . . . . . — 

1,227 

217 

33 

977 

30  to  34  years. _ _ _ _ _ — 

1,044 

235 

28 

781 

35  to  44  years . . . 

1,712 

406 

34 

1,272 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ _ 

928 

261 

18 

649 

55  to  64  years . . . 

502 

132 

9 

361 

65  years  and  over . . . 

262 

68 

7 

187 

Native  white  males. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 

5,034 

937 

129 

3,968 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ 

1,159 

260 

64 

835 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . . . 

792 

141 

28 

623 

20  to  24  years _ _  _ _ _ _ _ 

702 

112 

12 

578 

25  to  29  years . . . . ... 

549 

85 

7 

457 

30  to 34  years _  _ — . . 

472 

79 

8 

385 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . . 

717 

130 

i 

580 

45  to  54  years . 

371 

78 

1 

292 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . 

177 

34 

1 

142 

65  years  and  over _ _ _ _ 

95 

18 

1 

76 

* 

Native  white  females  _ _ _ 

6,544 

1,513 

250 

4,751 

10  to  14  years . . . 

1,231 

259 

71 

901 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . 

1,128 

212 

46 

870 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

891 

177 

29 

685 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

678 

132 

26 

520 

30  to  34  years . . . .  . 

572 

156 

20 

396 

35  to  44  years .  . . . 

995 

276 

27 

692 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

557 

183 

17 

357 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

325 

98 

8 

219 

65  years  and  over . 

167 

50 

6 

111 

376  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity . 

and  by  literacy—  Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 


Total  foreign  white. . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years _ 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Foreign  white  males 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years. . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . 


Total  colored . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Colored  males . . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Colored  females _ 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years _ 

35  to  44  years . 

4-')  to  5 1  years _ 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years'  and  over 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

3,426 

590 

61 

2, 775 

70 

12 

4 

54 

169 

15 

2 

152 

459 

56 

6 

397 

515 

64 

13 

43S 

502 

102 

11 

389 

850 

166 

13 

671 

540 

106 

7 

427 

217 

46 

5 

166 

104 

23 

81 

2, 865 

392 

39 

2.434 

41 

10 

1 

30 

139 

10 

1 

128 

390 

37 

4 

349 

445 

43 

8 

394 

429 

69 

8 

352 

716 

111 

10 

595 

455 

75 

3 

377 

176 

27 

4 

145 

74 

10 

64 

561 

198 

22 

341 

29 

2 

3 

24 

30 

5 

1 

24 

69 

19 

2 

48 

70 

21 

5 

44 

73 

33 

3 

37 

134 

55 

3 

76 

85 

31 

4 

50 

41 

19 

1 

21 

30 

13 

17 

8. 496 

4,027 

494 

3,975 

1,432 

451 

113 

868 

1,206 

374 

84 

748 

1.004 

312 

66 

626 

942 

374 

oo 

513 

827 

380 

42 

405 

1,285 

734 

66 

465 

892 

655 

;m 

203 

566 

442 

21 

103 

342 

285 

13 

44 

3,492 

1,630 

174 

1,688 

683 

243 

53 

387 

484 

177 

40 

267 

410 

133 

18 

259 

348 

143 

19 

186 

313 

122 

13 

178 

530 

264 

19 

247 

347 

247 

6 

94 

250 

191 

4 

55 

127 

110 

O 

15 

5,004 

2,397 

• 

320 

2,287 

749 

208 

60 

481 

722 

197 

44 

481 

594 

179 

48 

367 

594 

211 

36 

327 

514 

2.58 

29 

227 

755 

490 

47 

218 

545 

408 

28 

109 

316 

251 

17 

48 

215 

175 

11 

29 

LITEKACY. 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  seqp,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


\ 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total .  .  . . 

193, 870 

48,122 

7,822 

137,926 

10  to  14  years . . . . . . 

23, 996 

6,423 

1,757 

15, 816 

15  to  19  years . . .  . 

25, 319 

4, 561 

1,199 

19, 559 

20  to  24  vears . . 

27,599 

4.808 

859 

21,932 

25  to  29  years.. . 

26,357 

5,269 

883 

20, 205 

30  to  34  years . . . 

21,982 

5,217 

733 

16,032 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

32, 354 

8,408 

1.139 

22, 807 

45  to  54  years _ 

19,  414 

6, 530 

683 

12,201 

55  to  04  years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

11,066 

4, 395 

374 

6, 29? 

65  years  and  over . . . . 

5, 783 

2,511 

195 

3,077 

Total  males  . . . . . 

102,532 

20,264 

2, 742 

79,526 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ _ 

11, 700 

3,218 

744 

7. 738 

15  to  19  years _ _ 

12, 450 

2,  088 

457 

9, 905 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . . 

15, 164 

2,066 

330 

12.  768 

25  to  29  years - - - - - 

15, 025 

2.367 

300 

12, 858 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ — 

12, 418 

2, 089 

250 

10, 079 

35  to  44  years _ _  _ _ _ 

17, 852 

3, 242 

338 

14,272 

45  to  54  years - - - 

10, 224 

2,577 

189 

7,453 

55  to  64  years . . . . . - 

5. 384 

1.794 

95 

3, 495 

65  years  and  over -  - - - 

2,315 

823 

39 

1.453 

Total  females . . . —  . . . 

91,338 

27, 858 

5, 080 

58,400 

10  to  14  years  — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 

12,  296 

3,205 

1,013 

8,078 

15  to  19  years. . . . . . . . 

12,  869 

2,473 

742 

9, 654 

20  to  24  years.. - - - 

12,  435 

2,  742 

529 

9,164 

25  to  29  years . . . . . 

11,332 

2, 902 

583 

7,847 

30  to  34  years -  - - -  - - 

9. 564 

3,128 

483 

5,953 

35  to 44  years  ... - - - -  - 

14, 502 

5, 166 

801 

8,535 

45  to  54  years - - - - - - - 

9, 190 

3, 953 

494 

4.743 

55  to  64  years _  _ _ _ _ _ 

5,682 

2,601 

279 

2,802 

65  years  and  over  . . . . . 

3, 468 

1,688 

156 

1,624 

Total  native  white  . . . . . . 

86,  799 

12, 539 

2,679 

71,581 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ _ 

15, 336 

3,163 

854 

11,319 

15  to  19  years  - - - - - 

14,170 

1,899 

476 

11,795 

20  to  24  years . . . . — - - 

12, 494 

1,548 

263 

10, 683 

25  to  29  years . . . 

10,  684 

1,342 

260 

9,082 

30  to  34  years - - - - 

8,678 

1,089 

202 

7,387 

35  to  44  years  - - -  - - 

12, 483 

1,604 

303 

10, 576 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

6, 938 

985 

156 

5, 797 

55  to  64  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

3,919 

592 

113 

3,214 

65  years  and  over _ _ _ 

2,097 

317 

52 

1,728 

Native  white  males _ _ _ _ 

38, 630 

5,238 

927 

32,465 

10  to  14  years _ 

7,402 

1,609 

363 

5, 430 

15  to  19  years  _ _  _ _ _ 

6,268 

858 

190 

5,220 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

5,531 

618 

110 

4,803 

25  to  29  vears - - -  - - -  - - 

4,900 

573 

76 

4.251 

30  to  34  years _  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

4, 046 

437 

64 

3. 545 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ _ _ 

5,545 

572 

79 

4.894 

45  to  54  years - - - - 

2,868 

292 

31 

2, 545 

55  to  64  years - - - - - - - - 

1.407 

189 

11 

1, 207 

65  years  and  over  . . . 

663 

90 

3 

570 

Native  white  females . .  . 

48, 169 

7,301 

1, 752 

39, 116 

10  to  14  vears _ _ _ _ 

7,9)34 

1,554 

491 

5,889 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . 

7,902 

1,041 

286 

6, 575 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . . . . . 

6,963 

930 

153 

5,880 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ _ _ 

5,  784 

769 

184 

4,831 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ 

4, 632 

652 

138 

3,842 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ 

6, 938 

1,032 

224 

5,682 

45  to  54  years  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

4,070 

693 

125 

3,252 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

2,512 

403 

102 

2,007 

65  years'  and  over _ _ 

1,434 

227 

49 

1,158 

378 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA — Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . . . 

51,623 

7,817 

1,073 

42, 733 

10  to  14  years . 

1,054 

154 

46 

854 

15  to  19  years.  . . . . 

3,689 

257 

55 

3,377 

20  to  24  years . . 

8, 051 

834 

138 

7,079 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

8, 770 

1,098 

170 

7,502 

30  to  34  years . — - - - 

7,463 

1.125 

142 

6,196 

35  to  44  years . . 

11,264 

1,819 

254 

9,191 

45  to  54  years . 

6. 454 

1,313 

151 

4,990 

55  to  64  years. . . 

3.323 

781 

rrrt 

i  ( 

2. 465 

65  years  and  over . . 

1, 555 

436 

40 

1,079 

Foreign  white  males . . 

40, 577 

4,003 

517 

36,057 

10  to  14  years . 

656 

81 

22 

553 

15  to  J9  years . 

3,118 

171 

35 

2, 912 

20  to  24  years . . 

6.  791 

508 

81 

6,202 

25  to  29  years . 

7, 192 

662 

90 

6.440 

30  to  34  years . . 

5,972 

580 

62 

5,330 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

8, 854 

930 

120 

7,804 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . . 

4,788 

604 

57 

4,127 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . 

2,285 

316 

31 

1,938 

65  years  and  over . 

921 

151 

19 

751 

Foreign  white  females . . . 

11,046 

3,814 

556 

6,676 

10  to  14  years . 

398 

73 

24 

301 

15  to  19  years . . . 

571 

86 

20 

465 

20  to  24  years . . . 

1.260 

326 

57 

877 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ _ _ _ 

1,578 

436 

80 

1,062 

30  to  34  years . . . . . 

1,491 

545 

80 

866 

35  to  44  years . . . 

2,410 

889 

134 

1,387 

45  to  54  years . 

1,666 

709 

94 

863 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

1.038 

465 

46 

527 

65  years'  and  over . 

634 

285 

21 

328 

Total  colored . - . 

55,448 

27, 766 

4,070 

23,612 

10  to  14  years . 

7,606 

3, 106 

857 

3,643 

15  to  19  years . 

7.460 

2,405 

668 

4, 387 

20  to  24  years . 

7,054 

2,426 

458 

4.170 

25  to  29  years  . . . . . 

6,903 

2, 829 

453 

•  3,621 

30  to  34  years . 

5,841 

3,003 

389 

2. 449 

35  to  44  years . . . 

8,607 

4,985 

582 

3,(40 

45  to  54  years . . . 

6,022 

4,232 

376 

1,414 

55  to  64  years . . 

3,824 

3,022 

184 

618 

65  years  and  over . 

2, 131 

1, 758 

103 

270 

Colored  males . . . 

23,325 

11,023 

1,298 

11,004 

10  to  14  years . 

3,642 

1.528 

3o9 

1, 755 

15  to  19  years . . 

3,064 

1,059 

232 

1.773 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

2, 842 

940 

139 

1.763 

25  to  29  years . . . 

2,933 

1.132 

134 

1. 667 

30  to  34  years . 

2,400 

1.072 

124 

1.2(4 

35  to  44  years . 

3,453 

1,740 

139 

1,574 

45  to  54  years . . . 

2,568 

1,681 

101 

786 

55  to  64  years . 

1,692 

1,289 

53 

350 

65  years  and  over . 

731 

582 

17 

132 

Colored  females . 

32, 123 

16, 743 

2,772 

12,608 

10  to  14  years . 

3,964 

1,578 

498 

1,888 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

4,396 

1.346 

m 

2,614 

20  to  24  years . 

4,212 

1.486 

319 

2.407 

25  to  29  years . . . 

3, 970 

1.697 

319 

1,954 

30  to  34  years  . 

3.441 

1.931 

265 

1.245 

35  to  44  years . 

5, 154 

3.245 

443 

1.466 

45  to  54  years . 

3,454 

2,551 

275 

628 

55  to  64  years . . . 

2, 132 

1,733 

131 

268 

65  years  and  over . 

1,400 

1,176 

86 

138 

LITERACY 


879 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total . . . . . . 

29,046 

9,699 

1,289 

18,058 

10  to  14  years . . 

4, 876 

1,373 

316 

3,187 

15  to  19  years . . . . . .. 

4,187 

1,136 

253 

2, 798 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

3, 751 

999 

156 

2, 596 

25  to  29  years . . . . - . 

3,374 

966 

143 

2, 265 

30  to  34  years .  . . . . 

2,679 

877 

102 

1,700 

35  to  44  years . . . . - . - . 

4.384 

1,594 

140 

2. 650 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

2, 908 

1,291 

99 

1,518 

55  to  64  years- . . - - - - — 

1,759 

822 

53 

884 

65  years  and  over . 

1,128 

641 

27 

460 

Total  males  . . - - 

13,284 

4,004 

458 

8,822 

10  to  14  years . 

2,343 

734 

146 

1,463 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ . _ 

1,787 

492 

102 

1,193 

20  to  24  years . . . - . 

1,671 

395 

56 

1,220 

25  to  29  years. . . . . . . . . 

1,470 

370 

44 

1,056 

30  to  34  years .  . 

1,243 

349 

25 

869 

35  to  44  years . . 

2, 103 

598 

41 

1.464 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

1,332 

470 

24 

838 

55  to  64  years . . . . . .  . 

867 

347 

U 

506 

65  years  and  over . . 

468 

249 

6 

213 

Total  females - - - - - - 

15, 762 

5, 695 

831 

9,236 

10  to  14  years . 

2,533 

639 

170 

1,724 

15  to  19  years . . 

2, 400 

644 

151 

1,605 

20  to  24  years . . 

2,080 

604 

100 

1.376 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

1,904 

596 

99 

1,209 

30  to  34  years . . . 

1,436 

528 

77 

831 

35  to  44  years . 

2,281 

996 

99 

1,186 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

1,576 

821 

75 

680 

55  to  64  years . 

892 

475 

39 

378 

65  years  and  over . 

660 

392 

21 

247 

Total  native  white. . . . 

16, 108 

3,930 

609 

11,569 

10  to  14  years . . . 

3,279 

817 

181 

2,281 

15  to  19  years .  . . . . . 

2,738 

666 

118 

1,954 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

2,242 

529 

76 

1,637 

25  to  29  years . . .  . . . 

1,869 

457 

57 

1, 355 

30  to 34  years . . 

1.399 

350 

36 

1,013 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

2,240 

568 

60 

1,612 

45  to  54  years ' . . 

1,306 

338 

49 

919 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

667 

131 

23 

513 

65  years  and  over . 

368 

74 

9 

285 

Native  white  males . . . . . . . 

6,781 

1, 664 

219 

4,898 

10  to  14  years . . 

1,567 

440 

87 

1,040 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

1,124 

272 

51 

801 

20  to  24  years . . . . .  . 

920 

211 

27 

682 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

723 

182 

13 

528 

30  to  34  years  . . . . 

595 

151 

11 

433 

35  to  44  years . . . 

960 

223 

19 

718 

45  to  54  years . . . 

518 

113 

8 

397 

55  to  64  years . 

260 

47 

3 

210 

65  years  and  over . 

114 

25 

89 

N ati ve  white  females . . . . . 

9,327 

2,226 

390 

6,671 

10  to  14  years . 

1,712 

377 

94 

1,241 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

1,614 

394 

67 

1,153 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

1,322 

318 

49 

955 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

1,146 

275 

44 

827 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . . . 

804 

199 

25 

580 

35  to  44  years  . . . . . . 

1,280 

345 

41 

894 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . 

788 

225 

41 

522 

55  to  64  years . 

407 

84 

20 

303 

65  years  and  over . 

254 

49 

9 

196 

380 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS- Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . 

3, 552 

683 

77 

2,792 

10  to  14  years . . 

47 

10 

31 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . 

156 

15 

2 

139 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

433 

39 

5 

389 

25  to  29  years . - . - . 

469 

59 

4 

406 

50  to  34  years _ _ _ _ _ 

411 

45 

6 

360 

35  to  44  years . . .. . 

769 

114 

21 

634 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

587 

146 

17 

424 

55  to  64  years . -  -  - 

435 

148 

15 

272 

65  years  and  over . . . 

245 

107 

7 

131 

Foreign  white  males  ... - - 

2,644 

304 

31 

2,309 

10  to  14  years  ...  . . . . . . 

24 

5 

19 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

116 

6 

110 

20  to  24  years .  . . . 

350 

20 

4 

326 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . . 

375 

40 

O 

333 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . . 

320 

26 

3 

291 

35  to  44  years .  . . . . . — . 

618 

56 

8 

554 

45  to  54  years . .  . . . 

419 

63 

4 

349 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . 

284 

50 

4 

230 

65  years  and  over  . . . . . 

138 

38 

3 

97 

Foreign  white  females . . . . 

908 

379 

46 

483 

10  to  14  years  . .  .  _ _ _ 

23 

5 

IS 

15  to  19  years  . . . . . 

40 

9 

o 

M 

29 

20  to 24  years . . . . . 

83 

19 

1 

63 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ _  _ _ _ 

94 

19 

2 

73 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . . 

91 

19 

3 

69 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

151 

58 

13 

80 

45  to  54  years - - - - 

168 

83 

10 

75 

55  to  64  years . . . . . ... 

151 

98 

11 

42 

65  years  and  over _ _ _ 

107 

69 

4 

34 

Total  colored . . . 

9,386 

5, 086 

603 

3,697 

10  to  14  5*ears . . . . 

1. 550 

546 

135 

869 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

1.293 

455 

1.33 

705 

20  to  24  years _ _ _ _ _ 

1,076 

431 

75 

570 

25  to  29  vears - - - - 

1,036 

450 

82 

504 

30  to  34  years . . . . . . . . . . . 

869 

482 

60 

327 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

1,375 

912 

59 

404 

45  to  54  years .  . . . . . . 

1.015 

807 

:33 

175 

55  to  64  years . . . . . . 

657 

543 

15 

99 

65  y  ears  and  over  . . .  . .  . 

515 

460 

11 

44 

Colored  males .  . . 

3,859 

2,036 

208 

1,615 

10  to  14  years . 

752 

289 

59 

404 

15  to  19  years . . . 

547 

214 

51 

282 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

401 

164 

25 

212 

25  to  29  years . . 

372 

148 

29 

195 

20  to  34  years  .  . . . . . . 

328 

172 

11 

145 

35  to  44  years . . . 

525 

319 

14 

192 

45  to  54  years . 

395 

294 

9 

92 

55  to  64  vears . . . 

323 

250 

1 

66 

65  years  and  over . . . 

216 

186 

3 

27 

Colored  females . . . . . 

5,527 

3,050 

395 

2,082 

10  to  14  years . 

798 

257 

76 

465 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . 

746 

241 

82 

423 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

675 

267 

50 

358 

25  to  29  years . . . 

664 

1302 

53 

309 

30  to  ;34  years . . . . 

5+ 1 

310 

49 

182 

35  to  44  years . 

850 

593 

45 

212 

45  to  54  years . . 

620 

513 

24 

83 

55  to  64  years . 

334 

293 

8 

33 

65  years  and  over . 

299 

274 

8 

17 

LITERACY 


381 


Table  XX. — Population,  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total . . . . . - . . 

19,230 

5, 026 

1,114 

13,090 

10  to  14  years - - - 

3,219 

1.040 

302 

1,877 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . 

2, 643 

528 

141 

1,979 

20  to  24  years  .  . . 

2. 005 

300 

69 

1.636 

25  to  29  years  . . . . . 

1,626 

304 

67 

1,255 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . . . 

1,339 

395 

84 

1,360 

35  to  44  years . . .  . . 

3, 079 

792 

172 

2, 115 

45  to  54  years - - -  - - - 

2,263 

707 

117 

1,439 

55  to  64  years . . - . . 

1,530 

486 

103 

941 

65  years  and  over . . . . . 

1,021 

474 

59 

488 

Total  males . - . - . - . 

7,979 

2,081 

344 

5, 554 

10  to  14  years . . . - - - - 

1,515 

544 

138 

833 

15  to  19  years - - - - - 

1,038 

245 

52 

741 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

847 

126 

25 

696 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ _ - . 

667 

124 

17 

526 

30  to  34  years - - - - -  -  - . . 

740 

136 

22 

582 

35  to  44  years - - - - -  - . 

1,276 

291 

42 

943 

45  to  54  years  . - . 

902 

242 

23 

637 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

591 

187 

16 

388 

65  years  and  over  . . . . . . 

403 

186 

9 

208 

Total  females  . . . . -  - . 

11,251 

2, 945 

770 

7, 536 

10  to  14  years  - - - - - - 

1,704 

496 

164 

1,044 

15  to  19  years . . . . . . . 

1,610 

283 

89 

1,238 

20  to  24  years _ _ - - - 

1,158 

174 

44 

940 

25  to  29  years. - - - - 

959 

180 

50 

729 

30  to  34  years . . . . -  - - - 

1,099 

259 

62 

778 

35  to  44  years . . . . - - - - - 

1,803 

501 

130 

1,172 

45  to  54  years . . . - . 

1.361 

465 

94 

802 

55  to  64  years - - - - - 

939 

299 

87 

553 

65  years  and  over - - - 

618 

288 

50 

280 

Total  native  white . . . . . . . 

12,224 

2,600 

607 

9,017 

10  to  14  years. . . . . . . . - . 

2, 344 

686 

211 

1,447 

15  to  19  years . . . .  . . . 

1.840 

334 

87 

1,419 

20  to  24  years . . — 

1,233 

172 

27 

1, 034 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

931 

158 

23 

750 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . . . 

1.178 

218 

40 

920 

35  to  44  years. ..  - - 

1,974 

408 

87 

1,479 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

1.337 

322 

54 

961 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

890 

189 

48 

653 

65  years  and  over - - - - - 

497 

113 

30 

354 

Native  white  males . . . . . 

4,645 

1,032 

200 

3,413 

10  to  14  years - - - 

1,080 

361 

95 

624 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

713 

158 

32 

523 

20  to  24  years - - - - 

464 

73 

12 

379 

25  to  29  years . . . . 

:i38 

64 

5 

269 

30  to  34  years .  . . . . 

432 

71 

8 

353 

35  to  44  years. . . . . . — . 

764 

147 

23 

594 

45  to  54  years _ _ _  - . - . .  — 

434 

90 

13 

331 

55  to  64  years . . . 

272 

46 

9 

217 

65  years  and  over . 

148 

22 

3 

123 

Native  white  females  . . . . 

7,579 

1,568 

407 

5,604 

10  to  14  years. . .  . 

1,264 

325 

116 

823 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

1,127 

176 

55 

896 

20  to  24  years . . . . . . 

769 

99 

15 

655 

25  to  29  years . . 

593 

94 

18  ! 

481 

30  to  3 1  years . . . . . . . 

746 

147 

32 

567 

35  to  44  years . . .  ... . . . . . 

1,210 

261 

64 

885 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

903 

232 

41 

630 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

618 

143 

39 

436 

65  years  and  over  . . . . . 

349 

91 

27 

231 

382 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  cannot 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  foreign  white . . 

1,244 

230 

34 

980 

10  to  14  years . 

31 

2 

29 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

61 

61 

20  to 24  years . . . . . . .  . 

157 

14 

4 

139 

25  to  29  years . . . . . . 

174 

26 

6 

142 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . . — 

132 

24 

5 

103 

35  to  44  years . . . 

266 

51 

8 

207 

45  to  54  years . . . . . . . 

217 

50 

7 

160 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

130 

32 

3 

95 

65  years  and  over . . . . . . . 

76 

31 

1 

44 

Foreign  white  males . . . . . . . 

1,061 

183 

22 

856 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

16 

1 

15 

15  to  19  years ...  . . . . 

46 

46 

20  to  24  years .  . . . . . . . . 

128 

11 

1 

116 

25  to  29  years . .  . . 

158 

25 

6 

127 

30  to  34  years. . .  . . . . 

122 

24 

4 

94 

35  to  44  years . . . . . . . . . 

237 

44 

6 

187 

45  to  54  years . . . .  — . 

196 

41 

3 

152 

55  to  64  years  . . . . . . . 

100 

20 

1 

79 

65  years  and  over - - - 

58 

17 

1 

40 

Foreign  white  females. . . . . . . 

183 

47 

12 

124 

10  to  14  years 

15 

1 

14 

15  to  19  years 

15 

15 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

29 

3 

3 

23 

25  to  29  years . . . .  . . . . 

16 

1 

15 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _  _  .  ... 

10 

1 

9 

35  to  44  years. _ _ _ _  — 

29 

7 

2 

20 

45  to  54  years _ _ _  _ _  — 

21 

9 

4 

8 

55  to  64  years - - - - - 

30 

12 

O 

16 

65  years  and  over  .  . 

18 

14 

4 

Total  colored - - - - -  ... 

05 

2,196 

473 

3,093 

10  to  14  years.  . . . . 

844 

352 

91 

401 

15  to  19  years . . . . . 

747 

194 

54 

499 

20  to  24  years . .  . . . — 

615 

114 

38 

463 

25  to  29  years. _ _ _ _  _ 

521 

120 

38 

363 

30  to  34  years. . .  .  . . 

529 

153 

39 

337 

35  to  44  years - - - 

839 

:»3 

77 

429 

45  to  54  years . . . . . — 

709 

335 

56 

318 

55  to  64  years -  - 

510 

265 

52 

193 

65  years  and  over  - - -  .  .  — 

448 

330 

28 

90 

Colored  males . . . . . . 

2,273 

866 

122 

1,285 

10  to  14  years  ........  . . .  . 

419 

182 

43 

194 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

279 

87 

20 

172 

20  to  24  years . . . . . 

255 

42 

12 

201 

25  to  29  years .  . . . . 

171 

35 

6 

130 

30  to  34  years. . . .  . 

186 

41 

10 

135 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

275 

100 

13 

162 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

272 

111 

7 

154 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

219 

121 

6 

02 

65  years  and  over . 

197 

147 

5 

45 

Colored  females  . . . . . 

3,489 

1,330 

351 

1,808 

10  to  14  years  . . . . 

425 

170 

48 

207 

15  to  19  years  .  .  . 

468 

107 

:u 

327 

20  to  24  years. . . . . . 

360 

72 

26 

262 

25  to  29  years.  .  . . . 

350 

85 

32 

233 

30  to  34  years . . . . . 

343 

112 

29 

202 

35  to  44  years . 

564 

233 

64 

267 

45  to  54  years . 

437 

224 

49 

164 

55  to  64  years . . . . . 

291 

144 

46 

101 

65  years'  and  over  . 

251 

183 

23 

45 

LITERACY 


383 


Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over ,  by  age ,  sex,  race ,  and  nativity, 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years..... 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years - 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total  males . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years _ 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total  females . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total  native  white. . . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years _ 

20  to  24  years ...  - 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Native  white  males.. 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Native  white  females 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

34,478 

10,527 

1,109 

22,842 

6,028 

2,032 

372 

3,624 

5,071 

1,068 

177 

3,826 

3,815 

757 

76 

2,982 

3, 604 

851 

89 

2,664 

3,707 

1,052 

105 

2,550 

5,862 

1,933 

141 

3,788 

3,590 

1,442 

89 

2, 059 

1,832 

885 

39 

908 

969 

507 

21 

441 

15,666 

4,256 

429 

10,981 

2,879 

1,078 

169 

1,632 

2,210 

568 

75 

1, 567 

1,760 

323 

28 

1,409 

1,727 

374 

33 

1,320 

1,778 

386 

40 

1,352 

2, 743 

667 

46 

2,030 

1,569 

463 

24 

1,082 

683 

248 

10 

425 

317 

149 

4 

164 

i 

18,812 

6,271 

680 

11,861 

3,149 

954 

203 

1,992 

2, 861 

500 

102 

2,259 

2,055 

434 

48 

1,573 

1,877 

477 

56 

1,344 

1,929 

666 

65 

1.198 

3,119 

1,266 

95 

1,758 

2,021 

979 

b5 

977 

1,149 

637 

29 

483 

652 

358 

17 

277 

11,602 

1,526 

236 

9,840 

2,281 

462 

120 

1,699 

1,887 

178 

38 

1,671 

1,324 

106 

9 

1,209 

1,095 

102 

10 

983 

1,145 

134 

11 

1,000 

1,869 

275 

27 

1,567 

1,128 

156 

16 

9.56 

567 

70 

5 

492 

306 

43 

263 

4,834 

634 

100 

4,100 

1,099 

250 

58 

791 

808 

95 

21 

692 

570 

53 

6 

511 

443 

40 

2 

401 

461 

37 

3 

421 

783 

93 

7 

683 

400 

43 

2 

355 

184 

11 

1 

172 

86 

12 

74 

6, 768 

892 

136 

5, 740 

1,182 

212 

62 

908 

1,079 

83 

17 

979 

754 

53 

3 

698 

652 

62 

8 

582 

684 

97 

8 

579 

1,086 

182 

20 

884 

728 

113 

14 

601 

383 

59 

4 

320 

220 

31 

189 

384 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XX. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity 

and  by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Total  foreign  white.. 

10  to  14  years. _ 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years _ 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Foreign  white  males. 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  19  years _ 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years _ 

65  years  and  over 


Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years . . 

15  to  19  years. . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years _ 

35  to  44  years . . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  . 


Total  colored . . 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  19  years _ 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years _ 

35  to  44  years - 

45  to  54  years _ 

55  to  64  years - 

65  years  and  over 


Colored  males . 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years _ 

25  to  29  years _ 

30  to  34  years _ 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years 
55  to  64  years . ... 
65  years  and  over 


Colored  females _ 

10  to  14  years  .... 
15  to  19  years 
20  to  24  years  ... 
25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years _ 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years _ 

55  to  64  years 
65  years'and  over 


Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

3,277 

614 

53 

2,  CIO 

88 

22 

4 

62 

216 

17 

3 

196 

403 

67 

6 

3!30 

572 

107 

8 

457 

494 

106 

10 

378 

821 

161 

12 

648 

461 

90 

6 

365 

151 

29 

3 

119 

71 

15 

1 

55 

2, 711 

452 

33 

2,226 

43 

6 

1 

36 

153 

10 

1 

142 

325 

43 

4 

278 

479 

86 

7 

386 

423 

81 

5 

337 

705 

126 

9 

570 

408 

69 

4 

335 

125 

99 

1 

102 

50 

9 

1 

40 

566 

162 

20 

384 

45 

16 

3 

26 

63 

7 

2 

54 

78 

24 

2 

52 

93 

21 

1 

71 

71 

25 

5 

41 

116 

35 

3 

78 

53 

21 

2 

30 

26 

7 

2 

17 

21 

6 

15 

19.599 

8,387 

820 

10,392 

3,659 

1.548 

248 

1,863 

2.968 

873 

136 

1,959 

2.088 

584 

61 

1,443 

1.937 

642 

71 

1,224 

2,068 

812 

84 

1.172 

3.172 

1.497 

102 

1, 573 

2.001 

1.196 

67 

7:38 

1.114 

786 

31 

297 

592 

449 

20 

123 

8, 121 

3,170 

296 

4,655 

1,737 

822 

110 

805 

1.249 

463 

53 

733 

865 

227 

18 

620 

805 

248 

24 

5:33 

894 

268 

32 

594 

1, 255 

448 

30 

4  14 

761 

351 

18 

:392 

374 

215 

8 

151 

181 

128 

3 

50 

11,478 

5,217 

524 

5,737 

1.922 

726 

138 

1,058 

1,719 

410 

83 

1,226 

1.223 

357 

43 

823 

1.132 

394 

47 

691 

1.174 

.544 

52 

578 

1.917 

1.049 

72 

796 

1.240 

845 

49 

346 

740 

571 

23 

146 

411 

321 

17 

73 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE 


385 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  aye,  and  race. 

CUBA. 


al 

1  month 

2  to  3 

4  to  5 

6  to  7 

8  months 

X  U  tdi. 

or  less. 

months. 

months. 

months. 

or  more. 

Total _ _ _ 

87,935 

6,703 

15,702 

15, 742 

21,711 

28,077 

Under  5  years. _ _ _ 

683 

97 

195 

141 

118 

132 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ _ _ 

39, 876 

3, 655 

8,250 

7, 395 

9,358 

11,218 

10  to  It  years . . . 

43, 326 

2, 767 

6,711 

7, 552 

11,175 

15,091 

15  to  IT  years . . 

3, 138 

156 

450 

590 

921 

1,321 

18  years  and  over _ _ _ 

612 

28 

66 

64 

139 

315 

Total  males . . . 

41, 503 

3,309 

8,033 

7,999 

10,864 

14,298 

Under  5  years . . 

303 

41 

81 

57 

57 

64 

5  to  9  years . . . .  . 

20,115 

1,820 

1,203 

3,742 

4,  718 

5, 632 

10  to  11  years _ _ _ _ 

21,166 

1,310 

3,405 

3,827 

5,399 

7, 495 

15  to  17  years _ _ 

2,116 

89 

298 

321 

573 

832 

18  years  and  over . . 

503 

19 

43 

49 

117 

275 

Total  females . . . . . 

43,132 

3,391 

7,669 

7,743 

10,847 

13, 779 

Under  5  years. . . . . 

380 

56 

111 

84 

61 

68 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ _ _ 

19, 761 

1.835 

4,017 

3. 653 

4,640 

5, 586 

10  to  li  years . .  . . 

21,860 

1.127 

3, 336 

3, 725 

5,776 

7,596 

15  to  17  years _ 

1.322 

67 

152 

•  266 

348 

489 

18  years  and  over _ _ _ 

109 

9 

23 

15 

22 

40 

Total  native  white . . . . 

62, 083 

4, 151 

9,781 

10,509 

15, 689 

21,953 

Under  5  years. _ _ _ 

501 

69 

135 

95 

93 

109 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

28, 127 

2,231 

5,229 

4,971 

6,849 

8,841 

10  to  It  years . . . . . 

30, 285 

1.717 

1,062 

4, 965 

7,912 

11,629 

15  to  17  years _ - . . . 

2,651 

111 

307 

428 

714 

1,091 

18  years  and  over _ _ 

516 

20 

48 

50 

121 

277 

Native  white  males . . . . . . 

32,132 

2, 055 

5,140 

5, 504 

8,005 

'll,  128 

Under  5  years . . . 

217 

25 

58 

39 

43 

52 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

It,  130 

1.130 

2,727 

2, 558 

3,507 

1, 508 

10  to  It  years _ _ _ 

15, 356 

828 

2,  111 

2, 625 

3,884 

5,905 

15  to  17  years _ _ 

1,701 

60 

210 

244 

467 

720 

18  years  and  over  .  _ _ _ 

128 

12 

31 

38 

104 

213 

Native  white  females . . . . 

29,951 

2,096 

4,611 

5, 005 

7,684 

10, 525 

Under  5  years _ _ _ _ 

281 

U 

r/rf 

i  t 

56 

50 

57 

5  to  9  years.. _ _ 

13, 697 

1.101 

2,502 

2,413 

3,342 

4,336 

10  to  It  years . . . . . . 

11,929 

889 

1,918 

2,340 

4,028 

5,724 

15  to  17  year s . . . . . . 

953 

51 

97 

184 

247 

371 

18  years  and  over  . . . . . 

88 

8 

17 

12 

17 

34 

Total  foreign  white .  . . . 

1,131 

56 

162 

201 

276 

439 

Under  5  years . . . . 

19 

3 

8 

5 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years . .  . 

110 

27 

75 

95 

96 

147 

10  to  It  years . . . 

558 

21 

68 

82 

146 

211 

15  to  17  years . .  . 

76 

3 

5 

15 

21 

32 

18  years  and  over _ _ _ 

11 

2 

6 

4 

11 

18 

Foreign  white  males _ 

617 

35 

81 

112 

149 

237 

Under  5  years _ 

8 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years. . 

210 

21 

35 

50 

51 

80 

10  to  14  years . 

277 

8 

38 

45 

69 

117 

15  to  17  years . . . 

53 

9 

(J 

5 

10 

11 

22 

18  years  and  over . . 

39 

2 

5 

4 

11 

17 

Foreign  white  females . 

517 

21 

78 

89 

127 

202 

Under  5  years . .  ... 

11 

1 

7 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years . 

200 

6 

10 

45 

42 

67 

10  to  It  years. . .  . 

281 

13 

30 

37 

77 

124 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

23 

1 

5 

7 

10 

18  years  and  over . . 

2 

1 

1 

Total  colored . 

21,718 

2,496 

5, 759 

5,032 

5,746 

5, 685 

Under  5  years _ 

163 

25 

52 

41 

23 

22 

5  to  9  years . 

11,309 

1,391 

2,916 

2,329 

2,413 

2,227 

10  to  It  years _ 

12,483 

1,029 

2,611 

2, 505 

3,117 

3,221 

15  to  17  years . . 

708 

42 

138 

147 

186 

195 

18  years  and  over . 

55 

6 

12 

10 

7 

20 

24662 - 25 


386 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  aye,  and  race — Continued. 

CUBA — Continued. 


1  month 

3  to  3 

4  to  5 

6  to  7 

8  months 

jl  otai. 

or  less. 

months. 

months. 

months. 

or  more. 

Colored  males . - . - . 

11, 754 

1,319 

2,809 

2,383 

2,710 

2,633 

Under  5  years . . 

78 

.  14 

25 

15 

13 

11 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

5,445 

669 

1,441 

1,134 

1, 157 

1,044 

10  to  14  years... . . 

5,833 

504 

1,253 

1,157 

1,446 

1.473 

15  to  17  years . . 

363 

27 

83 

70 

92 

90 

18  years  and  over  - - - - 

36 

5 

7 

7 

2 

15 

Colored  females . . 

13,964 

1,377 

2, 950 

2,649 

3,036 

3,052 

Under  5  years. - - - - 

85 

11 

27 

26 

10 

11 

5  to  9  years . . 

5,864 

735 

1,505 

1,195 

1,256 

1,183 

10  to  14  years... . 

6,650 

535 

1,358 

1,348 

1.671 

1,748 

15  to  17  years . . 

346 

15 

55 

77 

94 

105 

18  years  and  over  . . . 

19 

1 

5 

3 

5 

5 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Total . 

30,873 

1,715 

4,488 

4,923 

7,080 

12, 667 

Under  5  years . 

376 

51 

90 

80 

65 

90 

5  to  9  years _  _ 

14,276 

958 

2,407 

2, 413 

3, 153 

5,345 

10  to  14  years. - - - 

14,462 

663 

1,824 

2, 156 

3,426 

6,393 

15  to  17  years - - -  - 

1,402 

29 

141 

239 

365 

628 

18  years  and  over . . . 

357 

14 

26 

35 

71 

211 

Total  males . 

16, 178 

867 

2,404 

2,571 

3, 668 

6, 668 

Under  5  years . . . 

172 

23 

37 

34 

34 

44 

5  to  9  years . . - . 

7,271 

482 

1,228 

1,243 

1,602 

2, 716 

10  to  14  years... . . . . 

7,484 

334 

1,002 

1,135 

1,734 

3,279 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

940 

21 

119 

130 

238 

432 

18  years  and  over  _  _ 

311 

7 

18 

29 

60 

197 

Total  females . 

14,695 

848 

2,084 

2,352 

3,412 

5,999 

Under  5  years . . 

204 

28 

53 

46 

31 

46 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

7,005 

476 

1,179 

1,170 

1,551 

2,629 

10  to  14  years - - - 

6,978 

329 

822 

1,021 

1,692 

3,114 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ 

462 

8 

22 

109 

127 

196 

18  years  and  over _ _  — 

46 

t 

8 

6 

11 

14 

Total  native  white . . 

23,592 

1,201 

3,078 

3,593 

5,419 

10,301 

Under  5  years - - 

391 

39 

67 

58 

51 

76 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

10, 923 

692 

1,693 

1,768 

2,423 

4,347 

10  to  14  years _  _ 

10,909 

439 

1,207 

1,549 

2,567 

5,147 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

1,163 

21 

94 

191 

311 

546 

18  years  and  over . . 

306 

10 

17 

27 

67 

185 

Native  white  males - - - 

12,527 

596 

1,669 

1,897 

2,839 

5,526 

Under  5  years . 

127 

14 

29 

23 

26 

35 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

5,628 

344 

874 

915 

1,243 

2,252 

10  to  14  years . 

5, 712 

220 

677 

831 

1,305 

2,679 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

792 

14 

78 

106 

208 

386 

18  years  and  over . . 

268 

4 

11 

22 

57 

174 

Native  white  females . 

11,065 

605 

1,409 

1,696 

2,580 

4, 7i5 

Under  5  years . . . 

164 

25 

38 

35 

25 

41 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

5,295 

348 

819 

853 

1,180 

2,095 

10  to  14  years . . . 

5,197 

219 

530 

718 

1.262 

2, 468 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

371 

rt 

( 

16 

85 

103 

160 

18  years  and  over  . . . 

38 

6 

6 

5 

10 

11 

Total  foreign  white . 

733 

29 

-  .  . 

97 

138 

165 

304 

Under  5  years . . . 

16 

2 

7 

5 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . 

:m 

15 

47 

68 

62 

111 

10  to  14  vears . . 

:«9 

10 

37 

50 

86 

156 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ 

51 

1 

3 

12 

13 

22 

18  years  and  over  . . . . 

1 

T— - 

3 

3 

— 

3 

— 

14 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


387 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Foreign  white  males . . . 

399 

19 

48 

73 

88 

171 

Under  5  years _ _ _ 

8 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years _ _ _  — 

159 

12 

22 

32 

31 

62 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

172 

3 

20 

27 

43 

79 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ _ 

38 

1 

3 

8 

10 

16 

18  years  and  over . 

22 

1 

2 

3 

3 

13 

Foreign  white  females . . . 

334 

10 

49 

65 

77 

133 

Under  5  years  . . . 

8 

6 

2 

5  to  9  years . . 

144 

3 

25 

36 

31 

49 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

167 

7 

17 

23 

43 

77 

15  to  17  years  . . . . . 

13 

4 

3 

6 

18  years"  and  over _ _ _ _ 

2 

1 

1 

Total  colored . .  . . 

6,548 

485 

1,313 

1,192 

1,496 

2,062 

Under  5  years. . . . . 

69 

10 

16 

17 

13 

13 

5  to  9  years.. _ _ _ _ 

3,050 

251 

667 

577 

668 

887 

10  to  14  years . . . 

3,214 

214 

580 

557 

773 

1,090 

15  to  17  years..  . . . . 

188 

7 

44 

36 

41 

60 

18  years  and  over  . . . 

27 

3 

6 

5 

1 

12 

Colored  males . . . . . 

3,252 

252 

687 

601 

741 

971 

Under  5  years _ _ _ 

37 

7 

7 

8 

7 

8 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ _ 

1,484 

126 

332 

296 

328 

402 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

1,600 

111 

305 

277 

386 

521 

15  to  17  years _ _  . 

110 

6 

38 

16 

20 

30 

18  years  and  over _ 

21 

2 

5 

4 

10 

Colored  females . . . . . 

3,296 

233 

626 

591 

755 

1,091 

Under  5  years _ _ _  _ 

32 

3 

9 

9 

6 

5 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ 

1,566 

125 

335 

281 

340 

485 

10  to  14  years _ 

1,614 

103 

275 

280 

387 

569 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ _ 

78 

1 

6 

20 

21 

30 

18  years  and  over _ 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total . 

Under  5  years. . . . 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  males . 

•  Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  females . 

Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  native  white. .. 

Under  5  years... . 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


14, 693 

1,503 

2,743 

2,527 

3, 882 

4,038 

53 

12 

15 

8 

9 

9 

6, 645 

824 

1,454 

1,188 

1,598 

1,581 

7, 293 

617 

1,173 

1,229 

2,051 

2, 223 

649 

47 

91 

98 

206 

207 

53 

3 

10 

4 

18 

18 

7,117 

718 

1,318 

1,260 

1, 868 

1,953 

18 

5 

1 

4 

4 

4 

3,306 

405 

698 

625 

795 

783 

3,415 

282 

558 

575 

939 

1,061 

340 

23 

54 

52 

115 

96 

38 

3 

7 

4 

15 

9 

7, 576 

785 

1,425 

1,267 

2,014 

2,085 

35 

7 

14 

4 

5 

5 

3,339 

419 

756 

563 

803 

798 

3,878 

335 

.  615 

654 

1,112 

1,162 

309 

24 

37 

46 

91 

111 

15 

. . 

3 

3 

9 

9, 495 

792 

1,511 

1,508 

2,712 

2,972 

29 

5 

11 

3 

5 

5 

4, 198 

408 

790 

721 

1,115 

1,164 

4,736 

346 

641 

704 

1,421 

1,624 

484 

31 

61 

77 

153 

162 

48 

2 

— 

8 

3 

18 

17 

388  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  .months,  ivith  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Native  white  males.. . 

4,728 

382 

730 

794 

1,352 

1,470 

Under  5  years* . . 

10 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

5  to  9  years  . . *. 

2, 137 

201 

385 

399 

564 

588 

10  to  14  years . . . 

2,276 

160 

301 

345 

678 

792 

15  to  17  years . . 

272 

16 

38 

45 

93 

80 

18  years  and  over . 

33 

2 

5 

3 

15 

8 

Native  white  females . . 

4,767 

410 

781 

714 

1,360 

1,502 

Under  5  years . . . . 

19 

2 

10 

1 

3 

3 

5  to  9  years . . . 

2,061 

207 

405 

322 

551 

576 

10  to  14  years  . . . 

2, 460 

186 

340 

359 

743 

832 

15  to  17  years  . . 

212 

15 

23 

32 

60 

82 

18  years  and  over .  . . 

15 

3 

3 

9 

Total  foreign  white . . 

89 

8 

13 

16 

32 

20 

Under  5  years . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . 

30 

5 

3 

6 

11 

5 

10  to  14  years .  . . 

46 

1 

8 

9 

16 

12 

15  to  17  years . . 

8 

1 

1 

4 

2 

18  years  and  over 

2 

1 

1 

Foreign  white  males . 

41 

4 

8 

ef 

t 

14 

8 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years . 

21 

4 

2 

4 

8 

3 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

17 

5 

3 

5 

4 

15  to  17  years 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over . 

2 

1 

1 

Foreign  white  females . 

48 

4 

5 

9 

18 

12 

Under  5  years . . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . 

9 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

10  to  14  years .  . . 

29 

1 

3 

6 

11 

8 

15  to  1 7  years . 

7 

1 

1 

3 

2 

18  years  and  over . 

Total  colored . . . 

5, 109 

703 

1,219 

1,003 

1,138 

1,046 

Under  5  years . 

21 

6 

3 

5 

3 

4 

5  to  9  years . . . 

2,417 

411 

661 

461 

472 

412 

10  to  14  years . . 

2,511 

270 

524 

516 

614 

587 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

157 

15 

30 

20 

49 

43 

18  years  and  over  . . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

Colored  males. . . . 

2,348 

332 

580 

459 

502 

475 

Under  5  years . . . 

8 

2 

2 

2 

2 

5  to  9  years . . . 

1,148 

200 

311 

9*22 

223 

192 

10  to  14  years . . 

1.122 

122 

252 

227 

2.56 

265 

15  to  17  years . 

67 

7 

16 

7 

21 

Hi 

18  years  and  over . 

3 

i 

1 

1 

Colored  females . 

2,761 

371 

639 

544 

6:56 

571 

Under  5  years  . 

13 

4 

3 

3 

1 

2 

5  to  9  vears . . 

1,269 

211 

350 

239 

249 

220 

10  to  14  years . 

1,389 

148 

272 

289 

358 

322 

15  to  17  years . 

90 

8 

14 

13 

28 

27 

18  years  and  over . 

• 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total . 

3,412 

268 

583 

455 

853 

1,253 

Under  5  years  . 

12 

5 

3 

4 

5  to  9  years . 

1,643 

157 

348 

229 

426 

483 

10  to  14  years . . 

1 . 652 

108 

220 

2(H) 

:199 

719 

15  to  17  years . . 

92 

3 

10 

17 

20 

42 

18  years  and  over . . 

13 

4 

9 

— 

_ 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE 


389 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO-Continued. 


Total  males 


Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years . . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Total  females _ 


Under  5  years. ... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  1 1  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  native  white 


Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years _ 

18  years  and  over 

Native  white  males  . 


Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over  . 

Native  white  females 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over  . 


Total  foreign  white. 


Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years  .j . 

10  to  14  years. . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Foreign  white  males 


Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years . . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Foreign  white  females 


Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Total  colored . 


Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Colored  males. 


Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total. 


1,790 


6 

853 

855 

66 

10 


1,623 


6 

790 

797 

26 

3 


2,638 


9 

1,261 

1,278 

80 

10 


1,432 


3 

670 

690 

61 

8 


1,206 


6 

591 

588 

19 


26 


15 

11 


16 


11 

5 


10 


1  month 
or  less. 


136 


85 

48 

3 


132 


60 


207 


119 

85 

3 


112 


68 

41 

3 


95 


51 

44 


748 


3 

367 

363 

12 

3 


342 


172 

11)0 


59 


38 

21 


24 


2  to  3 
months. 


308 


2 

185 

113 

8 


275 


3 

163 

107 


419 


253 

155 

7 


233 


1 

139 

86 

7 


186 


3 

114 

69 


4  to  5 
months. 


6  to  7 
months. 


8  months 
or  more. 


252 


439 


3 

130 

111 

8 


203 


99 

95 

9 


335 


1 

165 

154 

15 


190 


1 

94 

88 

7 


145 


71 

66 

8 


159 


1 

91 

64 

3 


74 


1 

45 


118 


62 


60 


2 

34 

23 

1 


1 

214 

208 

13 

3 


414 


3 

212 

191 


660 


4 

329 

307 

16 

4 


350 


1 

173 

163 

10 

3 


310 


3 

156 

144 

6 

1 


184 


91 

89 

4 


81 


35 

43 

3 


655 


23!) 

375 

34 

7 


598 


244 

344 

8 

2 


1,017 


395 

577 

39 

6 


547 


196 

312 

34 


470 


199 

265 

5 

1 


8 


2 

3 


1 

2 


228 


85 

137 

3 

3 


103 


41 

60 


2 


390 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 

or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Colored  females . . 

406 

35 

85 

58 

103 

125 

Under  5  years . 

. 

5  to  9  years  . . 

195 

21 

46 

28 

56 

44 

10  to  14  years . . 

203 

14 

_ 

37 

29 

46 

77 

15  to  17  years  . . . 

7 

2 

1 

1 

3 

18  years  and  over 

1 

1 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total . 

4.398 

305 

767 

792 

1,372 

1,162 

« 

Under  5  years . . 

15 

3 

2 

4 

3 

3 

5  to  9  years . 

2,181 

151 

441 

416 

662 

511 

10  to  14  years  . . . . . 

2.116 

147 

317 

&53 

678 

621 

15  to  17  years . 

73 

3 

6 

16 

24 

24 

18  years  and  over . 

13 

1 

1 

3 

5 

3 

Total  males . . . 

2,225 

171 

383 

392 

674 

605 

TTn  d  er  5  years  _  _ . . 

5 

2 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years . . . 

1,103 

87 

215 

195 

340 

266 

10  to  14  years . .. . . 

1.059 

79 

162 

186 

313 

319 

15  to  17  years . . . ... 

47 

2 

5 

9 

16 

15 

18  years  and  over . 

11 

1 

1 

2 

4 

3 

Total  females . . . - . 

2, 173 

134 

384 

400 

698 

557 

Under  5  years . . 

10 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years . 

1,078 

64 

226 

221 

322 

245 

10  to  14  years . . . 

1,057 

68 

155 

167 

365 

302 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

26 

1 

1 

7 

8 

9 

18  years  and  over  _ _ 

2 

1 

1 

Total  native  white . . . 

3,601 

240 

580 

622 

1,149 

1,010 

Under  5  years . . . 

14 

2 

2 

4 

3 

3 

5  to  9  years . 

1,779 

121 

343 

330 

550 

435 

10  to  14  years . . . 

1.738 

115 

231 

272 

569 

551 

15  to  17  years . . 

61 

2 

3 

14 

24 

18 

18  years  and  over  . . . . 

9 

1 

2 

3 

3 

Native  white  males . . . 

1,808 

133 

293 

305 

560 

517 

Under  5  years . 

4 

1 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

892 

72 

170 

149 

281 

220 

10  to  14  years . 

864 

59 

119 

145 

259 

282 

15  to  17  years . . 

39 

1 

3 

9 

16 

10 

18  years  and  over . 

9 

1 

2 

3 

3 

Native  white  females . 

1,793 

107 

287 

317 

589 

493 

Under  5  years . 

10 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

887 

49 

173 

181 

269 

215 

15  to  17  years . . . 

874 

56 

112 

127 

310 

269 

18  years  and  over . 

22 

1 

5 

8 

8 

Total  foreign  white . 

42 

5 

9 

3 

12 

13 

Under  5  years . . 

5  to  9  years . . . 

rr 

( 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

10  to  14  years .  . . . 

31 

2 

7 

o 

At 

10 

10 

15  to  17  years . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over . 

1 

1 

Foreign  white  males . 

07 

Ati 

4 

7 

2 

5 

9 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . . . 

5 

1 

i 

1 

2 

10  to  14  years . 

18 

2 

5 

1 

4 

6 

15  to  17  years . 

3 

i 

1 

1 

18  years’  and  over .  . 

1 

1 

— 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE 


391 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex ,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


1  month 

2  to  3 

4  to  5 

6  to  7 

8  months 

l  otai. 

or  less. 

months. 

months. 

months. 

or  more. 

Foreign  white  females . . . 

15 

1 

2 

1 

7 

4 

TTndflr  6  vpa.rs 

5  to  9  years  . . . 

2 

1 

1 

1 0  to  14  years  . . . 

13 

2 

1 

6 

4 

15  to  17  years  .  . 

18  years  and  over  .  . . 

Total  colored _ _ _ — 

755 

60 

178 

167 

211 

139 

Under  5  years  _ 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . . . 

395 

28 

97 

85 

111 

74 

10  to  14  years  . . . . . 

347 

30 

79 

79 

99 

60 

15  to  17  years  . . . 

9 

2 

2 

5 

18  yea.rs  and  over  .  _ 

3 

1 

1 

1 

. 

Colored  males . . 

390 

34 

83 

85 

109 

79 

Under  5  yea.rs  .  .  . 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . 

206 

14 

44 

45 

59 

44 

10  to  14  years . .  . . 

177 

18 

38 

40 

50 

31 

15  to  17  years  .  ... 

5 

1 

4 

18  years  and  over  . 

1 

1 

Colored  females _ _ _ _ 

365 

26 

95 

82 

102 

60 

Under  5  years . . 

5  to  9  years . . . . . 

189 

14 

53 

40 

52 

30 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

170 

12 

41 

39 

49 

29 

15  to  17  years . . 

4 

1 

2 

1 

18  years  and  over . . 

2 

1 

1 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total . 

Under  5  years. . .. 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  II  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  oyer 


Total  males . 

Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  females . 

Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  native  white . . . 

Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Native  white  males. . 

Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  It  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


20,301 

2,039 

4, 124 

3,549 

4,404 

6,185 

134 

23 

49 

27 

17 

18 

8,763 

1,078 

2,057 

1,580 

1,821 

2,227 

10, 578 

876 

1,887 

1,837 

2,392 

3,586 

724 

55 

119 

101 

151 

298 

102 

7 

12 

4 

23 

56 

10, 215 

1,008 

2, 154 

1,818 

2, 160 

3, 075 

63 

8 

31 

7 

9 

8 

4,425 

528 

1,090 

792 

918 

1,097 

5,203 

437 

958 

961 

1,107 

1,740 

439 

29 

66 

54 

105 

185 

85 

6 

9 

4 

21 

45 

10,086 

1,031 

1,970 

1,731 

2,244 

3,110 

71 

15 

18 

20 

8 

10 

4,338 

550 

967 

788 

903 

1,130 

5,375 

439 

929 

876 

1,285 

1,846 

285 

26 

53 

47 

46 

113 

17 

1 

3 

2 

11 

14,014 

1,239 

2,567 

2,429 

3,119 

4,660 

84 

16 

30 

12 

12 

14 

5,993 

636 

1,297 

1,058 

1,305 

1,697 

7,302 

540 

1,137 

1,292 

1,670 

2, 663 

546 

41 

93 

63 

114 

235 

89 

6 

10 

4 

18 

51 

7,241 

616 

1,399 

1,292 

1,553 

2,381 

41 

5 

18 

5 

6 

7 

3,062 

316 

709 

532 

659 

846 

3,  706 

270 

608 

715 

785 

1,328 

356 

20 

56 

36 

86 

158 

76 

5 

8 

4 

17 

42 

392  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex ,  age,  and  race— Continued 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Native  white  females . 

6, 773 

623 

1,168 

1,137 

1,566 

2,279 

Under  5  years . 

43 

11 

12 

rr 

7 

6 

7 

5  to  9  years . 

2,931 

320 

588 

526 

646 

851 

JO  to  14  years . 

3, 596 

270 

529 

577 

885 

1,335 

15  to  17  years . 

190 

21 

37 

27 

28 

77 

18  years  and  over . 

13 

1 

2 

1 

9 

Total  foreign  white . 

136 

9 

23 

19 

32 

53 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

45 

4 

12 

rr 

i 

10 

12 

10  to  14  years . 

76 

4 

10 

10 

17 

35 

15  to  17  years  . 

9 

2 

3 

4 

18  years  and  over . 

6 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Foreign  white  males . 

74 

5 

14 

15 

17 

23 

Under  5  years . . 

5  to  9  years . 

26 

3 

r* 

t 

5 

5 

6 

10  to  14  years . 

36 

1 

6 

8 

8 

13 

15  to  17  years . . 

6 

2 

2 

2 

18  years  and  over . 

6 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Foreign  white  females  . . 

62 

4 

9 

4 

15 

30 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

19 

1 

5 

2 

5 

6 

10  to  14  years.. . 

40 

3 

4 

2 

9 

22 

15  to  17  years . . . 

3 

1 

2 

18  years  and  over . . 

Total  colored . 

6,151 

791 

1,534 

1,101 

1,253 

1,472 

Under  5  years . 

50 

7 

19 

15 

5 

4 

5  to  9  years . 

2, 725 

438 

748 

515 

506 

518 

10  to  14  years . 

3,200 

332 

740 

535 

705 

888 

15  to  17  years . 

169 

14 

26 

36 

34 

59 

18  years  and  over . 

rr 

( 

1 

3 

3 

Colored  males . 

2,900 

387 

741 

511 

590 

671 

Under  5  years . . 

22 

3 

13 

2 

3 

1 

5  to  9  years . . 

1,337 

209 

374 

255 

254 

245 

10  to  14  years . . 

1.461 

166 

344 

238 

314 

399 

15  to  17  years . . . 

i  i 

9 

10 

16 

17 

25 

18  years  and  over . 

3 

2 

1 

Colored  females . . . 

3,251 

404 

793 

590 

663 

801 

Under  5  years . . . 

28 

4 

6 

13 

2 

3 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

1.388 

229 

374 

260 

252 

273 

10  to  14  years _  _ _ 

1,739 

166 

396 

297 

391 

489 

15  to  17  years . . . 

92 

5 

16 

20 

17 

34 

18  years  and  over . . 

4 

1 

1 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total . . . . 

14.258 

873 

2,997 

3. 496 

4,120 

2,772 

Under  5  years . .  .  . 

93 

8 

34 

19 

20 

12 

5  to  9  years . . . 

6,368 

487 

1,543 

1,569 

1.698 

1,071 

10  to  14  years .  . 

7. 225 

356 

1.320 

1,  771 

2, 229 

1,549 

15  to  17  years . . 

498 

19 

83 

119 

155 

122 

18  years  and  over . . . . 

74 

3 

17 

18 

18 

18 

Total  males . 

6,978 

409 

1, 466 

1,706 

2.055 

1,342 

Under  5  years . 

39 

3 

13 

9 

8 

6 

5  to  9  years . . 

3, 157 

233 

787 

737 

849 

531 

10  to  14  years .  . 

3,450 

160 

612 

859 

1,098 

721 

15  to  17  years . 

284 

11 

46 

71 

86 

70 

18  years  and  over . . 

48 

*) 

8 

10 

14 

14 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE.  393 

Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months ,  with  sex,  age,  and,  race — Contirued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  females . . . -  - 

7,280 

464 

1,531 

1,790 

2, 065 

1,430 

Under  5  years . . . 

54 

5 

21 

10 

12 

6 

5  to  9  years . .  . 

3,211 

254 

756 

812 

849 

540 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

3, 775 

196 

708 

912 

1,131 

828 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

214 

8 

37 

48 

69 

52 

18  years  and  over - - - 

26 

1 

9 

8 

4 

4 

Total  native  white - - — 

8,743 

472 

1,626 

2.022 

2,630 

2,093 

Under  5  years. - - - - 

74 

7 

21 

17 

18 

11 

5  to  9  years _ _ 

3, 973 

258 

853 

929 

1,127 

806 

10  to  14  years. - - - - - - 

4,322 

192 

691 

994 

1,378 

1,067 

15  to  17  years - 

320 

13 

49 

68 

96 

94 

18  years  and  over. _ _ _ 

54 

2 

12 

14 

11 

15 

Native  white  males . . . . 

4,396 

216 

816 

1,026 

1,351 

987 

Under  5  years . . 

32 

2 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5  to  9  years... . . . 

2,041 

129 

450 

469 

587 

406 

10  to  14  years. . . 

2,108 

78 

323 

501 

694 

512 

15  to  17  years... . . . 

181 

6 

28 

41 

54 

52 

18  years  and  over _ 

34 

1 

6 

i 

9 

11 

Native  white  females  . . 

4,347 

,  256 

810 

996 

1,279 

"ld>06 

Under  5  years . . . . 

42 

5 

12 

9 

11 

5 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

1,932 

129 

403 

460 

540 

400 

10  to  14  years... . . . 

2,214 

114 

368 

493 

684 

555 

15  to  17  years . . . . . . . . 

139 

7 

21 

27 

42 

42 

18  years  and  over _ _ _ _ 

20 

1 

6 

7 

2 

4 

Total  foreign  white _ _ _ 

108 

3 

15 

23 

26 

41 

Under  5  years . . .  .  .. 

5  to  9  years . . . 

40 

1 

8 

11 

6 

14 

10  to  14  years . . . 

55 

2 

5 

11 

14 

23 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ _ 

5 

1 

1 

3 

18  years  and  over .  . . . . 

8 

1 

1 

5 

1 

Foreign  white  males . . . 

60 

3 

6 

13 

17 

21 

Under  5  years. . . 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ 

18 

1 

9 

6 

4 

5 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ 

29 

2 

2 

6 

7 

12 

15  to  17  years . . . 

5 

1 

1 

3 

18  years  and  over . . . 

8 

1 

1 

5 

1 

Foreign  white  females . . . . 

48 

9 

10 

9 

20 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . . . . . 

22 

6 

5 

2 

9 

10  to  14  years . . .  . 

26 

3 

5 

7 

11 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ 

18  years  and  over . . . . 

Total  colored  _ _ _ 

5,407 

398 

1,356 

1,451 

1,464 

738 

Under  5  years _ _ _ _ _ 

19 

1 

13 

2 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

2,355 

228 

682 

629 

565 

251 

10  to  14  years _  _ _ _ 

2,848 

162 

624 

766 

837 

459 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ 

173 

6 

33 

51 

58 

25 

18  years  and  over. . 

12 

1 

4 

3 

2 

2 

Colored  males. . . . . . 

2,522 

190 

644 

667 

687 

334 

Under  5  years. . . . . . 

r*- 

1 

4 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . 

1,098 

103 

335 

282 

258 

120 

10  to  14  years _ _ _  .. 

1,313 

80 

287 

352 

397 

197 

15  to  17  years . . . 

98 

5 

17 

30 

31 

15 

18  years  and  over . . . . . 

0 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Colored  females . . . 

2,885 

208 

_ 712~ 

784 

777 

404 

Under  5  years . . 

12 

9 

1 

i 

1 

5  to  9  v^ars . . . . . 

1,257 

125 

347 

347 

307 

131 

10  to  14  vears. . . 

1,535 

82 

337 

414 

440 

262 

15  to  17  years.. . . . 

i  5 

1 

16 

21 

27 

10 

18  years  and  over . . 

6 

3 

1 

2 

394 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  icith  sex ,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


1  month 

2  to  3 

4  to  5 

6  to  7 

8  months 

or  less. 

months. 

months. 

months. 

or  more. 

Total  . . 

3,832 

258 

622 

693 

775 

1,484 

Under  5  years . 

25 

1 

6 

5 

6 

O' 

i 

5  to  9  years . . 

1.652 

127 

321 

337 

333 

534 

10  to  14  years . . . 

1,992 

121 

277 

329 

411 

854 

15  to  17  years  . . 

150 

9 

17 

22 

22 

80 

18  years  and  over . 

13 

1 

3 

9 

Total  males . 

1,869 

108 

331 

286 

372 

772 

Under  5  years . . 

13 

1 

4 

4 

4 

5  to  9  years . 

805 

52 

179 

151 

163 

260 

10  to  14  years . 

951 

51 

137 

124 

191 

448 

15  to  17  years . 

92 

4 

10 

11 

12 

55 

18  years  and  over . 

8 

1 

2 

5 

Total  females . 

1,963 

150 

291 

407 

403 

712 

Under  5  years. . 

12 

2 

5 

2 

3 

5  to  9  years . 

847 

75 

142 

186 

170 

274 

10  to  14  years . 

1.041 

70 

140 

205 

220 

406 

15  to  17  years . 

58 

5 

7 

11 

10 

25 

18  years  and  over . . 

5 

1 

4 

Total  native  white . . 

2,482 

161 

367 

419 

510 

1,025 

Under  5  years . . 

18 

4 

3 

6 

5 

5  to  9  years . 

1,081 

83 

193 

204 

236 

365 

10  to  14  years  . . . 

1,271 

72 

157 

198 

254 

590 

15  to  17  years . 

103 

6 

12 

14 

13 

58 

18  years  and  over . 

9 

1 

1 

7 

Native  white  males . 

1,245 

66 

205 

159 

248 

567 

Under  5  years . . . 

9 

2 

4 

3 

5  to  9  years . 

527 

34 

112 

84 

116 

181 

10  to  14  years . 

629 

31 

80 

68 

118 

332 

15  to  1 7  years . 

73 

1 

10 

7 

9 

46 

18  years  and  over . . . 

7 

1 

1 

5 

Native  white  females . 

1,237 

95 

162 

260 

262 

458 

Under  5  years . . . . . 

9 

2 

3 

2 

2 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

554 

49 

81 

120 

120 

184 

10  to  14  years . . . 

642 

41 

77 

130 

136 

258 

15  to  17  years . 

30 

5 

2 

7 

4 

12 

18  years  and  over . 

2 

2 

Total  foreign  white . 

42 

2 

7 

6 

6 

21 

Under  5  years. . 

5  to  9  years . 

14 

3 

2 

1 

8 

10  to  f4  years . . . 

26 

2 

4 

3 

5 

12 

15  to  17  years . 

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over . . 

Foreign  white  males . 

20 

3 

3 

4 

10 

Under  5  years . . 

5  to  9  years . 

1 

1 

1 

4 

10  to  1*4  years . 

11 

2 

1 

3 

5 

15  to  17  years . 

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over . 

Foreign  white  females . 

22 

2 

4 

3 

2 

11 

Under  5  years . . 

5  to  9  years . 

rr 

2 

1 

4 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

15 

2 

2 

o 

& 

2 

7 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years*  and  over . 

Total  colored  . 

1,308 

' 

95 

248 

268 

259 

438 

Under  5  years . 

1 

2_J 

2 

2 

5  to  9  years . 

557 

44 

125 

131 

96 

161 

10  to  14  years . 

695 

4< 

116 

128 

152 

252 

15  to  17  years . 

45 

3 

5 

7 

9 

21 

18  years  and  over . . 

4 

2 

2 

— 

— 

SCHOOL  ATT E NO AN CE . 


395 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sew,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Colored  males . . . 

604 

42 

123 

124 

120 

195 

Under  5  years .  . 

4 

1 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . 

271 

18 

66 

66 

46 

75 

10  to  14  years . - . . 

311 

20 

55 

55 

70 

in 

15  to  17  years .  . 

17 

3 

3 

3 

8 

18  years  and  over 

1 

1 

Colored  females .  - . . . 

704 

53 

125 

144 

139 

243 

Under  5  years . _ . 

3 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years  .  . . 

286 

26 

59 

65 

50 

86 

10  to  14  years . _ . 

384 

27 

61 

73 

82 

141 

15  to  17  years  . 

28 

5 

4 

6 

13 

18  years  and  over  . 

3 

1 

2 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Total  . . . . . . 

20,673 

671 

2,588 

3,087 

4,726 

9,601 

Under  5  years . 

321 

38 

80 

68 

57 

78 

5  to  9  years _ 

9,560 

401 

1,396 

1,536 

2,096 

4, 131 

10  to  14  vears . . . 

9,371 

215 

973 

1 , 255 

2,215 

4, 713 

15  to  17  years . . 

1,119 

10 

116 

201 

296 

498 

18  years  and  over . . 

302 

7 

23 

27 

62 

183 

Total  males . . . . . 

10, 829 

352 

1,414 

1,611 

2, 434 

5,018 

Under  5  years . 

146 

19 

as 

29 

31 

34 

5  to  9  years . . 

4,857 

217 

715 

792 

1,040 

2, 093 

10  to  14  years . . . 

4,832 

107 

548 

664 

1,123 

2, 390 

15  to  17  years . . . 

724 

6 

101 

103 

185 

329 

18  years  and  over . . 

270 

3 

17 

23 

55 

172 

Total  females . . . . . . . . 

9,844 

319 

1,174 

1,476 

2,292 

4,583 

Under  5  years. . 

175 

19 

47 

39 

26 

44 

5  to  9  years . 

4,703 

184 

681 

744 

1,056 

2, 038 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

4,539 

108 

425 

591 

1,092 

2, 323 

15  to  17  years . 

395 

4 

15 

98 

111 

167 

18  years  and  over . 

32 

4 

6 

4 

7 

11 

Total  native  white _ 

15,574 

459 

1,695 

2, 189 

3, 556 

7,695 

Under  5  years . . . 

251 

28 

61 

51 

45 

66 

5  to  9  years . . . 

7,188 

281 

953 

1,074 

1,569 

3,311 

10  to  14  years . . . 

6, 952 

139 

588 

865 

1,630 

3, 730 

15  to  17  years . 

921 

6 

77 

159 

254 

425 

18  years  and  over . 

262 

5 

16 

20 

58 

163 

Native  white  males... . 

8,263 

233 

931 

1,147 

1,861 

4,091 

Under  5  years . . . . 

110 

12 

27 

21 

23 

27 

5  to  9  years . . 

3,696 

154 

491 

561 

783 

1,707 

10  to  14  years . 

3,621 

64 

a38 

466 

838 

1,915 

15  to  17  years . . 

601 

2 

64 

82 

165 

288 

18  years  and  over . 

235 

1 

11 

17 

52 

154 

Native  white  females . 

7,311 

226 

764 

1,022 

1,695 

3,604 

Under  5  years . . . 

141 

16 

34 

30 

22 

39 

5  to  9  years . 

3,492 

127 

462 

513 

786 

1,604 

10  to  14  vears . 

3,331 

75 

250 

399 

792 

1.815 

15  to  17  years . . 

320 

4 

13 

77 

89 

137 

18  years  and  over . 

27 

4 

5 

3 

6 

9 

Total  foreign  white . . 

602 

21 

73 

114 

132 

262 

Under  5  vears . 

12 

2 

5 

3 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . 

247 

12 

33 

58 

48 

96 

10  to  It  years . . . 

273 

6 

29 

38 

67 

133 

15  to  17  years . . . 

49 

1 

3 

12 

13 

20 

18  years  and  over .  . 

21 

3 

3 

3 

12 

396  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  ivith  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued 

CITY  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Foreign  white  males . . 

331 

15 

40 

61 

68 

147 

Under  5  years . 

i 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  — . . . 

130 

9 

18 

28 

22 

53 

10  to  14  years . 

139 

3 

16 

20 

32 

68 

15  to  17  years - - - - - 

36 

1 

3 

8 

10 

14 

18  years  and  over . . . 

19 

2 

3 

3 

11 

Foreign  white  females . 

271 

6 

33 

53 

64 

115 

rind  or  5  vears  .  .  _ 

5 

4 

1 

5  to  9  years  . . . . 

117 

3 

15 

30 

26 

43 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

134 

3 

13 

18 

:15 

65 

15  to  17  years  .  .  _ 

13 

4 

3 

6 

18  years  and  over  .  . . 

2 

1 

1 

Total  colored _ _ 

4,497 

191 

820 

804 

1,038 

1.644 

Under  5  years . . . 

58 

8 

14 

14 

11 

11 

5  to  9  years . . . 

2, 125 

108 

410 

404 

479 

724 

10  to  14  years . . . 

2.146 

70 

356 

352 

518 

850 

15  to  17  years . 

149 

3 

36 

30 

29 

51 

18  years  and  over . . . 

19 

2 

4 

4 

1 

8 

Colored  males. . 

2,235 

104 

443 

403 

505 

780 

Under  5  years . . . 

29 

5 

5 

6 

rt 

7 

6 

5  to  9  years . . . 

1,031 

54 

206 

203 

235 

333 

10  to  14  years . . . 

1,072 

40 

194 

178 

253 

407 

15  to  17  years  . . . . . 

87 

3 

34 

13 

10 

27 

18  years  and  over . . . . 

16 

2 

4 

3 

7 

Colored  females . 

2,262 

87 

377 

401 

533 

864 

Under  5  years . . . . 

29 

3 

9 

8 

4 

5 

5  to  9  years . 

1,094 

54 

204 

201 

244 

391 

10  to  14  years . 

1,074 

30 

162 

174 

265 

443 

15  to  17  years . . . . 

62 

2 

17 

19 

24 

18  years  and  over . . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total . 

Under  5  years. . . . 

5  to  9  years  .. . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Total  males . 

Under  5  years. ... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Total  females . 

Under  5  years.... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Total  native  white... 

Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


4,885 

510 

920 

728 

1,348 

1,379 

18 

6 

5 

4 

2 

1 

2,140 

251 

460 

337 

568 

524 

2, 466 

‘»G 

412 

354 

701 

770 

239 

22 

41 

33 

70 

73 

99 

2 

2 

7 

11 

2,372 

225 

456 

396 

653 

642 

5 

2 

2 

] 

1,063 

116 

227 

199 

281 

240 

1,163 

91 

201 

175 

326 

370 

128 

14 

27 

20 

:» 

28 

13 

2 

1 

. 

6 

4 

2,513 

285 

464 

332 

695 

737 

13 

4 

5 

2 

1 

1 

1.077 

135 

233 

138 

287 

284 

1.303 

138 

211 

179 

375 

400 

111 

8 

14 

13 

31 

45 

9 

1 

1 

r* 

( 

3,585 

354 

589 

530 

1,011 

1,101 

9 

2 

5 

2 

1, 546 

169 

290 

248 

432 

407 

1,809 

163 

260 

249 

514 

623 

2110 

18 

32 

31 

58 

61 

21 

9 

M 

*> 

7 

10 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE 


397 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Native  white  males . 


Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years  - . . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over  . 

Native  white  females. 


Under  5  years.  ... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  foreign  white. 


Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Foreign  white  males. 


Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years  . 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Foreign  white  females 


Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years . . 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 


Total  colored. 


Under  5  years .... 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years"  and  over 

Colored  males . 


Under  5  years - 

5  to  9  years . 

10  to  14  years . . 

15  to  17  years . 

18  years  and  over 

Colored  females . . 


Under  5  years _ _ _  _ 

4 

311 

327 

15 

5  to  9  vears _ _ _ _ 

10  to  14  vears  . . . . 

15  to  17  years . . . . . 

18  years  and  over . . 

Total. 


1,754 


784 

847 

109 

12 


1,831 


7 

762 

962 

91 

9 


40 


2 

12 

20 

5 

1 


15 


25 


2 

4 
14 

5 


1,260 


582 

637 

34 


603 


3 

271 

310 

19 


1  month 
or  less. 


156 


2  to  3 
months. 


280 


1 

78 

64 

11 

2 


198 


1 

91 

99 

7 


1.53 


3 

81 

66 

3 


68 


1 

37 


657 


85 


2 

44 

39 


143 

115 

21 

1 


309 


5 

147 

145 

11 

1 


4  to  5 
months. 


297 


1 

154 

122 

20 


233 


1 

94 

127 

11 


327 


169 

149 

9 


174 


84 

84 

6 


153 


85 

65 

3 


193 


89 

101 

1 


99 


1 

45 

53 


6  to  7 
months. 


8  months 
or  more. 


509 


217 

251 

35 

6 


502 


215 

263 

23 

1 


19 


1 

6 

10 

9 


13 


318 


1 

130 

177 

10 


138 


94 


1 

44 

48 

1 


1 

60 

73 

4 


180 


70 

104 

6 


512 


192 

295 

22 

3 


589 


215 

328 

39 

7 


4 

3 

1 

1 


3 

2 


1 

1 

1 


269 


1 

113 

144 

11 


124 


45 

73 

6 


145 


1 

68 

71 


CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total . 

2,561 

255 

448 

465 

682 

711 

Under  5  years . . . . 

11 

3 

2 

4 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years... . . . . . 

1,308 

125 

258 

267 

337 

321 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

1, 189 

124 

184 

187 

325 

369 

15  to  17  years . . 

45 

3 

4 

6 

15 

17 

18  years  and  over . 

8 

— 

1 

4 

3 

398  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months ,  with  sex,  age ,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  males  . . 

1,331 

141 

229 

242 

337 

382 

Under  5  years . 

3 

2 

] 

5  to  9  years . 

668 

71 

128 

132 

169 

168 

10  to  14  years . 

622 

66 

98 

106 

154 

198 

15  to  17  years  .  .  . . 

31 

2 

3 

4 

10 

12 

18  years  and  oyer  . 

7 

4 

3 

Total  females  . . . 

1,230 

114 

219 

223 

345 

329 

Under  5  years . 

8 

1 

2 

4 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . 

640 

54 

130 

135 

168 

153 

10  to  14  years . 

567 

53 

86 

81 

171 

171 

15  to  17  years .  . 

14 

1 

1 

2 

5 

5 

18  years  and  over . 

1 

1 

Total  native  white . 

1, 995 

198 

307 

342 

536 

612 

Under  5  years . 

10 

2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . 

1,016 

99 

185 

202 

262 

268 

10  to  14  years . . 

928 

95 

119 

131 

255 

328 

15  to  17  years.. . . . . . 

35 

2 

1 

5 

15 

12 

18  years  and  over .  . 

6 

3 

3 

Native  white  males . . . . 

1,024 

107 

155 

176 

260 

326 

Under  5  years . . 

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . 

514 

58 

91 

97 

129 

139 

10  to  14  vears . —  ... 

478 

47 

63 

75 

118 

175 

15  to  17  years . 

24 

1 

1 

4 

10 

8 

18  years  and  over . . 

6 

3 

3 

Native  white  females . . 

971 

91 

152 

166 

276 

286 

Under  5  years . 

8 

1 

2 

4 

1 

5  to  9  years . . 

502 

41 

94 

105 

133 

129 

10  to  14  years . . . 

450 

48 

56 

56 

137 

153 

15  to  17  years . . 

11 

1 

1 

5 

4 

18  years  and  over . . . 

Total  foreign  white . . . 

27 

5 

5 

1 

9 

7 

Under  5  vears . 

5  to  9  years . 

5 

2 

1 

1 

l 

10  to  1 4  yea.rs 

18 

2 

3 

7 

6 

15  to  17  years  .. 

3 

1 

1 

l 

18  years  and  over  . 

1 

i 

Foreign  white  males . 

18 

4 

5 

1 

4 

4 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

10  to  14  years 

11 

2 

3 

3 

3 

15  to  17  years  . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

18  vears  and  over  .  . 

1 

1 

— 

Foreign  white  females . 

9 

1 

5 

3 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years... . 

2 

1 

i 

10  to  14  years . 

7 

4 

3 

15  to  17  years . . 

18  vears  and  over  . . 

Total  colored .  . 

539 

52 

136 

122 

137 

92 

Under  5  years  . 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years .  . . 

287 

24 

72 

64 

74 

53 

10  to  14  years .  . 

243 

27 

62 

56 

63 

35 

15  to  17  years. 

ff 

2 

1 

4 

18  years  and  over 

1 

1 

Colored  males . . . 

289 

30 

69 

65 

73 

52 

Under  5  years . 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

151  | 

12 

36 

34 

40 

29 

10  to  14  years .  .  . 

133 

17 

•32 

31 

33 

20 

15  to  17  years . 

4 

1 

3 

18  years  and  over 

. 1 

- 1 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE 


399 


Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months ,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Colored  females . - . 

250 

22 

67 

57 

64 

40 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years . 

136 

12 

36 

30 

34 

24 

10  to  14  years . . . 

110 

10 

30 

25 

30 

15 

15  to  1 7  years . . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

18  vears  and  over  _ _ _ 

1 

1 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total . . 

4,451 

156 

879 

1,053 

1,438 

925 

Under  5  years . - . - . - 

37 

4 

12 

7 

9 

5 

5  to  9  years . 

1,933 

85 

481 

461 

566 

340 

10  to  14  years . - . .. . 

2, 317 

63 

375 

556 

795 

528 

15  to  17  years . - _ _ 

147 

3 

9 

28 

63 

44 

18  years  and  over . - . 

17 

1 

2 

1 

5 

8 

Total  males .  . . . . . . . 

2, 157 

78 

422 

519 

679 

459 

Under  5  years . . . . 

13 

1 

2 

4 

2 

4 

5  to  9  years  .  - . -  - . . . 

940 

50 

242 

223 

250 

175 

10  to  14  years . ... . 

1,107 

25 

173 

270 

391 

248 

15  to  17  years . - - - 

84 

1 

4 

22 

33 

24 

18  years  and  over . . . . 

13 

1 

1 

3 

8 

t 

Total  females  . .. .  . - . 

2,294 

78 

457 

534 

759 

466 

Under  5  years.. . . . 

24 

3 

10 

3 

n 

< 

1 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ _ 

993 

35 

239 

238 

316 

165 

10  to  14  years  .  ..  . . . 

1,210 

38 

202 

286 

404 

280 

15  to  17  years  . . . . . 

63 

2 

5 

6 

30 

20 

18  years  and  over . . 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Total  native  white . . . 

2,272 

68 

317 

516 

790 

581 

Under  5  years . . 

24 

3 

3 

6 

8 

4 

5  to  9  years _ _  _ _ 

1,022 

36 

195 

238 

327 

226 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

1,121 

26 

114 

255 

414 

312 

15  to  17  years . . . 

92 

2 

4 

16 

37 

33 

18  years  and  over _ _ _ 

13 

1 

1 

1 

4 

6 

Native  white  males - - - 

1,153 

35 

162 

267 

384 

305 

Under  5  years . . 

11 

1 

4 

2 

4 

5  to  9  years . . . . . 

519 

25 

104 

118 

153 

119 

10  to  14  years . . . . . 

557 

9 

54 

131 

205 

158 

15  to  17  years _ _ _ _ 

55 

_  _  „  _ 

2 

14 

21 

18 

18  years  and  over. . . . . 

11 

i 

1 

3 

6 

Native  white  females . . 

1,119 

— 

33 

155 

249 

406 

276 

Under  5  years . . . . 

13 

3 

2 

2 

6 

5  to  9  years - - - - 

503 

11 

91 

120 

174 

107 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

564 

17 

60 

124 

209 

154 

15  to  17  years . . . — 

37 

2 

2 

2 

16 

15 

18  years  and  over  .. . . . 

2 

1 

1 

Total  foreign  white . . . . 

47 

2 

8 

13 

5 

19 

Under  5  years . . . 

5  to  9  years . . . . 

20 

1 

3 

7 

2 

7 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

26 

1 

4 

6 

3 

12 

15  to  17  years  . . . . 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over . . . . 

Foreign  white  males . . 

24 

2 

2 

8 

2 

10 

Under  5  years _ 

5  to  9  years _ _ _ _ 

10 

1 

4 

1 

4 

10  to  14  years  . . 

13 

1 

1 

4 

1 

6 

15  to  17  years . . . 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  . . . 

400 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXI. — School  attendance  by  months ,  with  sex,  age,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Foreign  white  females . . . 

23 

6 

5 

3 

9 

Under  5  years . 

5  to  9  years .  . . 

10 

3 

3 

1 

3 

10  to  14  years . __ . _ . 

13 

3 

2 

2 

(5 

15  to  17  years  -  -  . . .. . 

IS  years  and  over . .. 

Total  colored . - 

2, 132 

86 

554 

524 

643 

325 

Under  5  years . 

13 

1 

9 

.1 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years - - - - 

891 

48 

283 

216 

237 

107 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

1.170 

36 

257 

295 

378 

204 

15  to  17  years  . . . .  . 

54 

1 

4 

12 

26 

11 

18  years  and  over . 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Colored  males . . . 

980 

41 

258 

244 

293 

144 

Under  5  years  . . . 

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  . . . . . . 

411 

24 

138 

101 

96 

52 

10  to  14  years . . . 

537 

15 

118 

135 

185 

84 

15  to  17  years  . . . . . 

28 

1 

1 

8 

12 

6 

18  years  and  over . _ . _  _ 

2 

2 

Colored  females . . . 

1,152 

45 

296 

280 

350 

181 

Under  5  years . 

11 

8 

1 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  . . . . . 

480 

24 

145 

115 

141 

55 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

B33 

21 

139 

160 

193 

120 

15  to  17  years . . . . . 

26 

*  3 

4 

14 

5 

18  years  and  over . 

2 

1 

1 

Table  XXII. — Superior  education  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 


CUBA. 


All  classes.  Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

© 

© 

,2 

,2 

53  1  © 

2  53  (b 

13 

c3 

r-5 

*3 

o  3 

"t-*  4-*  ' 

©  O  ^ 

a 

© 

o 

M 

s 

s 

o 

13 

— 

© 

p  s 

EH  S 

pH 

Eh 

r? 

p 

£ 

Under  18  years . 

1.363  951 

412  1,210  857 

353 

78 

52 

26 

75 

42 

33 

18  and  19  years . 

916  630 

286  807  551 

256 

65 

54 

11 

44 

25 

19 

20  years . 

499  |  339 

160  406  273 

133 

59 

45 

14 

34 

21 

13 

21  to  24  years . 

2,300  !  1,752 

548  1,792  1,352 

440 

438 

363 

75 

70 

37 

33 

25  to  29  years . 

2,837  2,228 

609  2, 00]  1.545 

456 

746 

632 

114 

90 

51 

39 

30  to  34  years . 

2, 626  2, 155 

471  1.932  1.558 

374 

641 

560 

81 

53 

37 

16 

35  to  44  years . . 

4.289  3, 623 

666  3. 072  2,550 

522 

1,128 

1,007 

121 

89 

66 

23 

45  to  54  years . 

2,565  2,173 

392  1,715  1,391 

324 

817 

753 

64 

33 

29 

4 

55  to  64  years _ 

1,212  1,010 

202  791  631 

160 

405 

366 

39 

16 

13 

3 

65  years  and  over  . . 

551  467 

84  339  274 

65 

201 

184 

17 

11 

9 

2 

Cuba. . . . 

19,158  15,328 

3,830  14,065  10,982 

3, 0s3 

4,578 

4,016 

562 

515 

330 

185 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Under  18  years . 

697 

539 

158 

625 

490 

135 

44 

31 

13 

28 

18 

10 

18  and  19  years . 

433 

338 

95 

388 

303 

85 

32 

28 

4 

13 

7 

6 

20  years . . . 

227 

173 

54 

188 

143 

45 

28 

23 

5 

11 

i 

4 

21  to  24  years . . 

1,108 

886 

099 

900 

729 

177 

178 

145 

;« 

24 

12 

12 

25  to  29  years  . 

1.420 

1,154 

266 

1,026 

825 

201 

358 

306 

52 

36 

23 

13 

30  to  34  years . 

1.243 

1 .  not  i 

17; 

916 

785 

131 

312 

269 

43 

15 

12 

3 

35  to  44  years . 

1,960 

1,660 

300 

1 . 426 

1.202 

224 

510 

440 

70 

24 

18 

6 

45  to  54  years . 

1,182 

1.015 

167 

802 

674 

128 

369 

331 

38 

11 

10 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

542 

453 

89 

324 

265 

59 

214 

186 

28 

4 

2 

9 

65  years  and  over  .... 

285 

230 

55 

170 

130 

40 

112 

97 

15 

3 

3 

The  province. 

9,097 

7, 514 

1,583 

6,  771 

5. 546 

1.225 

2, 157 

1. 856 

301 

169 

112 

57 

SUPERIOR  EDUCATION 


401 


Table  XXII. — Superior  education  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


• 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Under  18  years . 

202 

121 

81 

190 

113 

77 

7 

6 

1 

5 

2 

3 

18  and  19  years . 

146 

84 

62 

132 

75 

57 

8 

7 

1 

6 

2 

4 

20  years  . 

67 

32 

35 

57 

27 

30 

7 

4 

3 

3 

1 

2 

21  to  24  years _ 

318 

220 

98 

246 

164 

82 

66 

55 

11 

6 

1 

5 

25  to  29  years _ 

362 

239 

123 

271 

174 

97 

83 

63 

20 

8 

2 

6 

30  to  34  years  . . 

332 

238 

94 

259 

179 

80 

69 

58 

11 

4 

1 

3 

35  to  44  years . . 

583 

467 

116 

436 

335 

101 

142 

129 

13 

5 

3 

2 

45  to  54  years  . 

348 

276 

72 

240 

176 

64 

107 

99 

8 

1 

1 

55  to  64  years  _ 

183 

149 

34 

124 

94 

30 

57 

53 

4 

2 

2 

65  years  and  over  .... 

72 

62 

10 

45 

35 

10 

27 

27 

The  province... 

2,613 

1,888 

725 

2,000 

1,372 

628 

573 

501 

72 

40 

15 

25 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Under  18  years . 

46 

34 

12 

42 

30 

12 

2 

2 

- T 

2 

2 

18  and  19  years  _ 

24 

12 

12 

21 

10 

11 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

20  years  . . 

20 

19 

1 

19 

18 

1 

i 

1 

21  to  24  years . 

92 

72 

20 

84 

65 

19 

7 

6 

1 

i 

1 

25  to  29  years  . . 

118 

100 

18 

94 

80 

14 

22 

18 

4 

2 

2 

30  to  34  years . 

110 

94 

16 

84 

72 

12 

26 

22 

4 

35  to  44  years _ 

157 

134 

23 

122 

101 

21 

34 

32 

2 

1 

1 

45  to  54  years _ 

121 

112 

9 

68 

62 

6 

52 

49 

3 

1 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

42 

39 

3 

29 

26 

3 

13 

13 

65  years  and  over  .... 

16 

16 

5 

5 

11 

11 

The  province... 

746 

632 

114 

568 

469 

99 

169 

154 

15 

9 

9 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Under  18  years . 

89 

51 

38 

81 

48 

33 

6 

o 

4 

2 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years . 

63 

38 

25 

60 

35 

25 

3 

3 

20  years . 

38 

25 

13 

29 

19 

10 

7 

4 

3 

2 

2 

21  to  24  years . . 

187 

141 

46 

130 

92 

38 

52 

44 

8 

5 

5 

25  to  29  years . . 

184 

144 

40 

118 

87 

31 

59 

51 

8 

7 

6 

1 

30  to  34  years _ 

198 

148 

50 

146 

103 

43 

45 

38 

7 

7 

7 

35  to  44  years . 

340 

278 

62 

250 

196 

54 

86 

79 

7 

4 

3 

1 

45  to  54  years . 

205 

169 

36 

139 

105 

34 

66 

64 

2 

55  to  64  years . . 

132 

105 

27 

100 

76 

24 

32 

29 

3 

65  years  and  over  .... 

46 

43 

3 

34 

31 

3 

10 

10 

2 

2 

The  province... 

1,482 

1,142 

340 

1,087 

792 

295 

366 

324 

42 

29 

26 

3 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Under  18  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

80  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  .... 

The  province. . 


99 

69 

30 

89 

65 

24 

2 

2 

8 

4 

74 

57 

17 

69 

55 

14 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

51 

30 

21 

38 

21 

17 

8 

6 

2 

5 

3 

245 

181 

64 

184 

131 

53 

58 

47 

11 

3 

3 

302 

250 

52 

216 

182 

34 

74 

63 

11 

12 

5 

290 

250 

40 

214 

181 

33 

69 

65 

4 

7 

4 

486 

441 

45 

337 

306 

31 

138 

128 

10 

11 

7 

260 

227 

33 

160 

138 

22 

95 

86 

9 

5 

3 

114 

103 

11 

77 

67 

10 

34 

33 

1 

3 

3 

56 

52 

4 

37 

33 

4 

19 

19 

1,977 

1, 660 

317 

1,421 

1,179 

242 

499 

448 

51 

.  57 

33 

4 


7 

3 

4 
2 


24 


24662 


26 


tew 


402  REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXII. — Superior  education  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

• 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Under  18  years . 

230 

137 

93 

183 

Ill 

72 

17 

11 

6 

30 

15 

15 

18  and  19  years . 

176 

101 

75 

137 

73 

64 

18 

14 

4 

21 

14 

7 

20  years  . 

96 

60 

36 

75 

45 

30 

9 

8 

1 

12 

7 

5 

21  to  24  years . 

350 

252 

98 

242 

171 

71 

77 

66 

11 

31 

15 

16 

25  to  29  years . 

451 

341 

110 

276 

197 

79 

150 

131 

19 

25 

13 

12 

30  to  34  years . 

453 

359 

94 

313 

238 

75 

120 

108 

12 

20 

13 

7 

35  to  44  years . . 

763 

643 

120 

501 

410 

91 

218 

199 

19 

44 

34 

10 

45  to  54  years . 

449 

374 

75 

306 

236 

70 

128 

124 

4 

15 

14 

1 

55  to  64  years . 

199 

161 

38 

137 

103 

34 

55 

52 

3 

7 

6 

1 

65  years  and  over  .... 

76 

64 

12 

48 

40 

8 

22 

20 

2 

6 

4 

2 

The  province. .. 

3,243- 

2,492 

751 

2,218 

1,624 

594 

814 

733 

81 

211 

135 

76 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Under  18  years . 

18  and  19  years - .... 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  .... 

The  city.. . 


585 

454 

131 

525 

413 

112 

39 

27 

12 

21 

14 

7 

364 

286 

78 

327 

257 

70 

27 

23 

4 

10 

6 

4 

185 

137 

48 

151 

111 

40 

26 

22 

4 

8 

4 

4 

896 

722 

174 

725 

590 

135 

150 

121 

29 

21 

11 

10 

1,133 

932 

201 

798 

652 

146 

303 

259 

'  44 

32 

21 

11 

993 

841 

152 

715 

604 

111 

264 

226 

38 

14 

11 

3 

1,525 

1.277 

248 

1,077 

896 

181 

425 

364 

61 

23 

17 

6 

920 

792 

128 

604 

508 

96 

306 

275 

31 

10 

9 

1 

436 

366 

70 

242 

200 

42 

190 

164 

26 

4 

2 

2 

245 

195 

50 

145 

108 

37 

97 

84 

13 

3 

3 

7,282 

6,002 

1,280 

5,309 

4,339 

970 

1,827 

1,565 

262 

146 

98 

48 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Under  18  years . 

106 

63 

43 

102 

61 

41 

3 

2 

1 

1 

i 

18  and  19  years . 

79 

44 

35 

74 

39 

35 

5 

5 

20  years . 

32 

11 

21 

29 

10 

19 

3 

1 

2 

21  to  24  years . 

166 

108 

58 

121 

75 

46 

42 

33 

9 

3 

3 

25  to  29  years . 

169 

107 

62 

111 

64 

47 

55 

42 

13 

3 

1 

2 

30  to  34  years . . 

140 

98 

42 

96 

(56 

30 

41 

31 

10 

3 

1 

2 

35  to  44  years . . 

253 

196 

57 

188 

139 

49 

62 

55 

7 

3 

9 

1 

45  to  54  years . 

157 

114 

43 

117 

79 

38 

40 

35 

5 

55  to  64  years  . 

106 

82 

24 

77 

56 

21 

28 

25 

3 

1 

1 

65  years  and  over  .... 

32 

29 

3 

17 

14 

3 

15 

15 

The  city . 

1,240 

852 

388 

932 

603 

329 

294 

244 

50 

14 

5 

9 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Under  18  years . 

18  and  19  years . 

20  years . 

21  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over  .... 

The  city . 


ff\Ff 

i  i 

43 

34 

70 

40 

'30 

5 

2 

3 

0 

1 

1 

44 

25 

19 

42 

23 

19 

2 

24 

16 

8 

18 

12 

6 

4 

2 

2 

2 

9 

109 

81 

28 

86 

(>3 

23 

20 

15 

5 

3 

3 

99 

66 

33 

81 

54 

27 

13 

8 

5 

5 

4 

1 

118 

81 

37 

101 

64 

12 

12 

5 

5 

206 

158 

48 

167 

122 

45 

37 

34 

3 

2 

2 

125 

94 

31 

97 

66 

31 

28 

28 

93 

70 

23 

73 

52 

21 

20 

18 

2 

29 

28 

1 

20 

19 

1 

rt 

i 

r* 

i 

2 

2 

924 

662 

262 

755 

515 

240 

148 

128 

20 

fv  l 

19 

2 

OCCUPATIONS 


403 


Table  XXI L— Superior  education  by  age ,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


- 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

© 

r— H 

© 

6 

A 

r— 1 

-4-> 

® 

r-4 

a 

r— 4 

© 

r*H 

cS 

a 

*3 

H-> 

© 

r-H 

<£ 

a 

■  4 

c3 

4-» 

© 

r-H 

a 

o 

TO 

© 

o 

<U 

o 

o3 

© 

o 

CD 

EH 

S 

& 

P 

a 

p-i 

Pi 

EH 

P 

a 

EH 

Under  18  years . 

24 

21 

3 

24 

21 

3 

18  and  19  years . 

9 

8 

1 

9 

8 

1 

20 years. . . . 

11 

9 

2 

8 

7 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

i 

21  to  24  years . . 

57 

41 

16 

42 

30 

12 

15 

11 

4 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

67 

52 

15 

46 

38 

8 

17 

14 

3 

4 

4 

30  to  34  years . 

58 

48 

10 

38 

31 

7 

16 

15 

1 

4 

2 

2 

35  to  44  years.. . 

85 

72 

13 

58 

51 

7 

25 

20 

5 

2 

i 

1 

45  to  54  years. . . 

53 

42 

11 

29 

23 

6 

22 

18 

4 

2 

i 

1 

55  to  04  years  _ 

16 

16 

8 

8 

6 

6 

2 

2 

65  years  and  over  .... 

14 

14 

8 

8 

6 

6 

The  city... . 

394 

323 

71 

270 

225 

45 

109 

91 

18 

15 

7 

8 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Under  18  years. . 

142 

92 

50 

117 

77 

40 

8 

5 

3 

17 

10 

7 

18  and  19  years . . 

99 

53 

46 

77 

36 

41 

9 

9 

13 

8 

5 

20  years . . . 

50 

32 

18 

38 

23 

15 

5 

4 

1 

7 

5 

2 

21  to  24  vears . . 

187 

124 

63 

132 

84 

48 

41 

34 

14 

6 

8 

25  to  29  years. ..  - 

234 

166 

68 

141 

93 

48 

80 

66 

14 

13 

7 

6 

30  to  34  years _ 

224 

173 

51 

154 

111 

43 

59 

54 

5 

11 

8 

3 

35  to  44  years . 

396 

325 

71 

273 

221 

52 

98 

85 

13 

25 

19 

6 

45  to  £4  years. . . 

249 

202 

47 

181 

136 

45 

61 

60 

1 

7 

6 

1 

55  to  64  years . . 

116 

87 

29 

87 

62 

25 

23 

20 

3 

6 

5 

1 

65  years  and  over _ 

46 

37 

9 

28 

23 

5 

12 

10 

2 

6 

4 

2 

The  city . 

1,743 

1,291 

452 

1,228 

866 

362 

396 

347 

49 

119 

78 

41 

Table  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations. 

CUBA. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Provinces. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Habana . . . - 

City  of  Habana . . . 

Matanzas  . . . . 

Pinar  del  Rio... . . . 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

Santa  Clara - - 

Santiago . . . 

Cuba . . 

424, 804 
235, 981 
202,444 
173, 064 
88, 234 
356, 536 
327, 715 

31,988 
715 
50, 804 
48, 697 
17, 058 
81,951 
68,699 

39, 715 
31,351 
9, 407 
4,432 
3, 004 
13, 599 
9,270 

42.991 
31,913 

10. 992 
3. 635 
3, 704 

16,817 

14,895 

4, 553 
3, 655 
988 
399 
359 
1,409 
1,028 

64, 714 

4 0,366 
13, 105 
10,699 
7,697 
30, 836 
14, 885 

240, 843 
127, 931 
117,148 
105, 202 
56,412 
211,924 
218, 938 

1,572,797 

299, 197 

79,427 

93,034 

8,736 

141,9.36 

950, 467 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Habana . 

221,990 

31,944 

39, 440 

38, 0&3 

3, 820 

46,377 

62,376 

City  of  Habana . 

123,258 

703 

31, 135 

28, 187 

•  3,091 

26,  79k 

33, 3U8 

Matanzas . . . 

103, 726 

46, 496 

9, 339 

9, 532 

767 

5, 587 

32,005 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

91,688 

48,552 

4, 390 

3,313 

359 

7,360 

27,714 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

44,  899 

17, 030 

2, 954 

2, 983 

292 

4, 093 

17,547 

Santa  Clara . . 

189,057 

80, 866 

13,503 

15, 160 

1,069 

22,190 

56, 269 

Santiago  — . . . 

163,845 

67,443 

9,140 

12,991 

789 

10, 162 

63, 320 

Cuba . 

815,205 

292, 331 

78, 766 

82, 012 

7,096 

95, 769 

259,231 

404 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued, 


CUBA — Continued. 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Provinces. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Habana _ _ _ - 

302,814 

44 

275 

4,958 

733 

18,337 

178,467 

City  of  Habana . . 

112,  723 

12 

216 

3,726 

561* 

13, 572- 

9U,  633 

Matanzas . . 

98, 718 

4,308 

68 

1,460 

221 

7, 518 

85,143 

Pinar  del  Rio . . 

81.370 

145 

42 

322 

40 

3,339 

77,488 

Puerto  Principe . . 

43.335 

28 

50 

721 

67 

3,604 

38,865 

Santa  Clara . . . 

167,479 

1,085 

96 

1, 657 

340 

8,646 

155, 655 

Santiago  . . _ _ 

163, 870 

1,256 

130 

1,904 

239 

4, 723 

155,618 

Cuba _ _ 

757,592 

6,866 

661 

11,022 

1,640 

46, 167 

691,236 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Habana _ _ 

243,619 

21,124 

11,590 

19,500 

3,055 

21,096 

167,254 

City  of  Habana . . . 

115, 532 

29k 

7,931 

13, 135 

2,366 

8,972 

82,831* 

Matanzas  . . . 

102.682 

20.212 

3,824 

5,115 

683 

3, 059 

69, 789 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

114.907 

31 . 857 

1,787 

1,717 

285 

4,429 

74,832 

Puerto  Principe .  . 

66.349 

12, 496 

1.861 

1.754 

245 

4,140 

45,853 

Santa  Clara. . 

214. 945 

45. 847 

5,776 

7, 565 

967 

10,288 

144,502 

Santiago . . . . . 

167, 797 

35, 424 

4,596 

4,033 

715 

4,209 

118,820 

Cuba . . 

910,299 

166, 960 

29,434 

39,684 

5,950 

47,221 

621,050 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Habana  . 

116,838 

21,104 

11,484 

17,700 

2,544 

18,942 

45, 064 

City  of  Habana . 

52,91*0 

292 

7,81*5 

11,998 

2,001 

7,832 

22, 972 

Matanzas . . . 

50,324 

20,080 

3,809 

4,454 

498 

2,199 

19, 284 

Pinar  del  Rio . . 

58, 573 

31.774 

1.778 

1,542 

253 

3, 363 

19,863 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

32, 575 

12, 473 

1.832 

1,269 

190 

2, 452 

14,359 

Santa  Clara . 

106,771 

45,606 

5.747 

6.682 

687 

8,644 

39, 405 

Santiago . . . . . 

82,292 

35,240 

4,568 

3,420 

508 

3,523 

35,033 

Cuba . . 

447,373 

166,277 

29,218 

35,067 

'  4,680 

39, 123 

173,008 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Habana . 

126. 781 

20 

106 

1,800 

511 

2, 154 

122, 190 

City  of  Habana . 

62, 592 

2 

86 

1,137 

365 

1,11*0 

59,862 

Matanzas . . 

52, 358 

132 

15 

661 

185 

860 

50, 505 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

56,334 

83 

9 

175 

32 

1,066 

54,969 

Puerto  Principe . . 

33, 774 

23 

29 

485 

55 

1.688 

31.494 

Santa  Clara . 

108.174 

241 

29 

883 

280 

1,644 

105.097 

Santiago . 

85, 505 

184 

28 

613 

207 

686 

83,787 

Cuba . 

462, 926 

683 

216 

4,617 

1,270 

8,098 

448,042 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Habana . 

68,971 

4,076 

25,536 

8,932 

1,245 

13,847 

15, 335 

City  of  Habana . 

52,901 

271* 

21,1*12 

7,512 

1,071* 

10,  792 

11,837 

Matanzas . . . 

15. 235 

4.700 

4, 104 

1. 4:38 

242 

1,106 

3,645 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

10,718 

5,306 

2,234 

592 

99 

988 

1,499 

Puerto  Principe . 

4,038 

1, 455 

928 

327 

85 

640 

603 

Santa  Clara . 

29, 823 

11,341 

6.248 

2, 388 

312 

4.446 

5,058 

Santiago . . . 

13,313 

4,392 

3.318 

1,026 

219 

2,210 

2, 148 

Cuba . . 

142,098 

31,270 

42,368 

14,703 

2,232 

23,237 

28,288 

OCCUPATIONS 


405 


Table  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

CUBA  —Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Provinces. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Habana  . 

City  of  Habana . 

Matanzas . . . 

Pinar  del  Rio _ 

Puerto  Principe . . . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Cuba . . .  . . . 

54, 162 
hi, 190 
11,850 
9,447 
3,499 
25,336 
11,446 

4,074 

m 

4,684 

5,302 

1,453 

11,322 

4,379 

25,398 

21,80k 

4,089 

2,204 

927 

6,207 

3,298 

8,674 

7,290 

1,413 

585 

319 

2,361 

995 

1,042 

891 

215 

92 

76 

305 

207 

12,555 
9,629 
957 
954 
572 
4,312 
2, 134 

2,419 

1,80k 

492 

310 

152 

829 

433 

115, 740 

31,214 

42, 123 

14,347 

1,937 

21,484 

4,635 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Habana . 

14,809 

2 

138 

258 

203 

1,292 

12,916 

City  of  Habana . . 

11,711 

2 

108 

222 

183 

1,163 

10, 033 

Matanzas  -  . - . 

3,385 

16 

15 

25 

27 

149 

3,153 

Pinar  del  Rio  . . . 

1,271 

4 

30 

7 

7 

34 

1,189 

Puerto  Principe . 

539 

2 

1 

8 

9 

68 

451 

Santa  Clara . 

4,487 

19 

41 

27 

37 

134 

4,229 

Santiago . 

1,867 

13 

20 

31 

12 

76 

1,715 

Cuba . . 

26,358 

56 

245 

356 

295 

1,753 

23,653 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Habana . 

112,214 

6,788 

2,589 

14, 559 

253 

29, 771 

58,254 

City  of  Habana . 

67, 5k8 

lk7 

2,008 

11,266 

215 

20, 602 

33, 310 

Matanzas . 

84, 527 

25, 892 

1,479 

4,439 

63 

8,940 

43,714 

Pinar  del  Rio. _ . 

47, 439 

11. 534 

411 

1,326 

15 

5, 282 

28,871 

Puerto  Principe . 

17,847 

3, 107 

215 

1.623 

29 

2,917 

9, 956 

Santa  Clara . . . 

111,768 

24, 763 

1,575 

6,864 

100 

16, 102 

62,364 

Santiago . . . 

146, 605 

28, 883 

1,356 

9,836 

94 

8,466 

97,970 

Cuba _ _ _ 

520,400 

100,967 

7,625 

38,647 

554 

71, 478 

301,129 

COLORED  MALES. 


Habana . 

50,990 

6, 766 

2,558 

11,659 

234 

14,880 

14,893 

City  of  Habana . . 

29, 128 

139 

1,986 

8,899 

199 

9,333 

8, 572 

Matanzas  . .  . . 

41.552 

21,732 

1,441 

3, 665 

54 

2, 431 

12,229 

Pinar  del  Rio  . . . 

23, 668 

11,476 

408 

1,186 

14 

3,043 

7. 541 

Puerto  Principe . 

8,825 

3, 104 

195 

1,395 

26 

1,069 

3,036 

Santa  Clara . . 

56, 950 

23, 938 

1,549 

6,117 

77 

9,234 

16, 035 

Santiago . . 

70, 107 

27,824 

1,274 

8,576 

74 

4,505 

27,854 

Cuba  _ _ _ 

252,092 

94, 840 

7,425 

32, 598 

479 

35, 162 

81,588 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Habana . . 

61, 224 

22 

31 

2, 900 

19 

14,891 

43,361 

City  of  Habana . 

38,  k20 

8 

22 

2,367 

16 

11,269 

2k,  738 

Matanzas . . 

42,975 

4, 160 

38 

774 

9 

6,509 

31, 485 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

23, 771 

58 

3 

140 

1 

2,239 

21,330 

Puerto  Principe . 

9,022 

3 

20 

228 

3 

1,848 

6,920 

Santa  Clara . . . . 

54, 818 

825 

26 

747 

23 

6,868 

46,329 

Santiago . 

76,498 

1,059 

82 

1,260 

20 

3,961 

70,116 

Cuba . . . 

268, 308 

6, 127 

200 

6, 049 

75 

36, 316 

219, 541 

406 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV. 

Province  of  Habana. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful, 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Aguacate . 

3, 163 

461 

128 

113 

12 

519 

1,930 

Alquizar . 

8, 746 

2,300 

241 

345 

16 

830 

5,014 

Bainoa . . 

1,725 

545 

36 

79 

3 

207 

855 

Batabano . . 

6,523 

1.105 

770 

2.58 

27 

580 

3,783 

Bauta . . . 

5.142 

1,647 

164 

92 

9 

205 

3,025 

Bejucal . .  . 

5, 756 

501 

289 

670 

25 

551 

3,720 

Cano . 

4.210 

1,296 

105 

118 

16 

247 

2,428 

Casiguas . 

1,004 

168 

19 

9 

3 

239 

566 

Catalina . . 

2.  718 

597 

58 

58 

11 

338 

1. 656 

Ceiba  del  Agua. . 

2,197 

608 

76 

72 

3 

107 

1,331 

Guanabacoa . . 

20.080 

1,770 

1.117 

1.709 

245 

2,816 

12,423 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

13,965 

19 

936 

1,603 

222 

2,501 

8,681 '* 

Guara . 

1,835 

371 

32 

57 

3 

158 

1,214 

Guines . . 

11.394 

2, 101 

468 

517 

58 

1,356 

6,894 

Guira  de  Melena . . 

11.548 

2,846 

390 

469 

30 

1.152 

6.661 

Habana  . . .. . . . 

242. 055 

1,441 

31,  (K)9 

32,251 

3,706 

41,689 

131,359 

City  of  Habana . . 

235, 981 

715 

31,351 

31,913 

3, 655 

40, 366 

127, 981 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

3. 199 

403 

140 

84 

9 

647 

1,916 

Jaruco . . . 

4,076 

913 

137 

152 

24 

450 

2,400 

Madruga . 

3, 744 

698 

107 

107 

7 

421 

2.404 

Managua . . . 

2.887 

707 

56 

86 

rr 

i 

285 

1,746 

Maranao  . . . . 

8,593 

723 

705 

674 

77 

1,593 

4,821 

Melena  del  Sur _ _ _ 

3,207 

684 

93 

116 

6 

a59 

1,949 

Nueva  Paz . . 

7,761 

1,181 

217 

200 

21 

1,251 

4, 891 

Pipian  _ _ _ _ _ 

1.101 

243 

5 

4 

243 

Quivican . . 

2. 423 

415 

62 

85 

5 

263 

1,593 

Regia . 

11.363 

11 

1,085 

1,226 

60 

1,973 

7,058 

Salud . - . 

3. 293 

930 

70 

73 

7 

248 

1, 965 

San  Antonio  delas  Vegas _ 

1.8.55 

468 

29 

'  45 

5 

111 

1.197 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos - 

12.631 

2,200 

506 

1.223 

47 

1,424 

7.231 

San  Felipe . 

1,915 

176 

67 

57 

14 

393 

1,208 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas.. . 

4. 154 

456 

151 

161 

16 

710 

2,660 

San  Nicolas . 

4. 568 

850 

127 

142 

10 

874 

2, 565 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte _ 

2, 965 

761 

54 

40 

6 

383 

1,721 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario _ 

2,730 

659 

109 

55 

9 

227 

1.671 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

10, 276 

917 

473 

1.580 

50 

1,216 

6,040 

Tapaste . . 

1.551 

245 

27 

21 

3 

349 

{(06 

Vereda  Nueva..  . 

2,416 

591 

43 

43 

3 

300 

1,436 

The  province . 

424,804 

31,988 

39,715 

42,991 

4,553 

64, 714 

240.843 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Aguacate . . . . 

1,640 

461 

128 

112 

10 

477 

452 

Alquizar . . . 

4,814 

2,298 

237 

305 

14 

576 

1,384 

Bainoa . 

958 

544 

36 

30 

2 

95 

251 

Batabano . 

3, 600 

1,105 

767 

254 

20 

488 

966 

Bauta . 

2,837 

1,647 

164 

91 

7 

160 

768 

Bejucal . 

2,738 

501 

288 

655 

22 

450 

822 

Cano . 

2,340 

1,296 

105 

116 

13 

208 

602 

Casiguas . 

561 

168 

19 

9 

2 

198 

165 

Catalina . . . 

l,a53 

589 

58 

48 

8 

314 

336 

Ceiba  del  Agua. . . 

1,174 

607 

74 

67 

2 

Jo 

349 

G  uanabacoa . . . 

9, 805 

1,770 

1,110 

1,386 

211 

1,993 

3, 335 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

6,529 

19 

931 

1,288 

191 

1, 750 

2,350 

Guara . 

{(25 

371 

32 

57 

2 

151 

312 

Guines . 

5, 725 

2, 098 

465 

479 

52 

1,078 

1,553 

Guira  de  Melena  . . . 

6, 486 

2,846 

389 

456 

25 

902 

1,868 

Habana . 

126, 775 

1,428 

31,392 

28,521 

3,128 

28,024 

34,282 

City  of  Habana . 

123,258 

703 

31,135 

28, 187 

3,091 

26,  791* 

33,31*8 

Isla  de  Pinos . . . 

1.782 

403 

138 

84 

i 

614 

536 

Jaruco . 

2, 152 

912 

135 

124 

20 

317 

644 

Madruga . 

1,807 

6!  18 

107 

107 

1 

373 

515 

Managua . 

1,549 

707 

56 

82 

6 

240 

458 

Marianao  . 

4,582 

718 

702 

594 

55 

1,158 

1,355 

Melena  del  Sur . 

1 , 650 

683 

91 

96 

5 

288 

487 

Nueva  Paz . 

3, 834 

1,181 

214 

187 

14 

1,021 

1,217 

Pipian . . . 

582 

243 

5 

4 

242 

88 

Quivic&n . 

1.236 

415 

62 

81 

3 

236 

439 

OCCUPATIONS 


407 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Habana — Continued. 

TOTAL  MALES — Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Regia . 

5,765 

11 

1,030 

1,107 

48 

1,675 

1,894 

Salud  . . 

1.787 

930 

70 

73 

3 

236 

475 

San  Antonio  de  las  V egas .... 

951 

467 

29 

44 

4 

95 

312 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos .... 

6,631 

2, 194 

493 

1,061 

42 

981 

1,860 

San  Felipe . . . 

939 

175 

66 

50 

9 

307 

332 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

2,040 

456 

151 

160 

13 

675 

585 

San  Nicolas . 

2,543 

850 

127 

124 

7 

686 

749 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

1,603 

761 

54 

36 

4 

312 

436 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario _ 

1,410 

659 

108 

52 

iy 

7 

214 

370 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

5,270 

916 

468 

1,318 

43 

908 

1,617 

Tapaste. . . 

849 

245 

27 

20 

3 

324 

230 

Vereda  N  ueva . . . 

1,297 

591 

43 

43 

2 

286 

332 

The  province . . . 

221,990 

31,944 

39, 440 

38,033 

3,820 

46,377 

62,376 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Aguacate . 

Alquizar . . 

Bainoa . - . 

Batabano  . 

Bauta . 

Bejucal . 

Cano . 

Casiguas . 

Catalina . 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

Guanabacoa . ... 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

Guara . 

Giiines . - . . 

Guira  de  Melena . 

Habana . - . 

City  of  Habana . 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

Jaruco . . 

Madruga . 

Managua . - . 

Marianao . 

Melena  del  Sur . 

Nueva  Paz . 

Pipian . 

Quivic&n . 

Regia . 

Salud . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas.... 
San  Antonio  de  los  Banos.... 

San  Felipe . . . 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

San  Nicolas . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

Tapaste . 

Vereda  Nueva . 


1,523 

3,932 

767 

2.923 
2,305 
3,018 
1,870 

443 
1,365 
1,023 
10,275 
7,456 
910 
5,669 
5,062 
115,280 
112,  723 
1,417 

1.924 
1,937 
1,338 
4,011 
1,557 
3,927 

519 
1,187 
5,598 
1,506 
904 
6, 000 
976 
2,114 
2,025 
1,362 
1,320 
5,006 
702 
1,119 


1 

2 

42 

2 

4 

40 

2 

254 

1 

49 

1 

112 

3 

4 

7 

92 

1 

2 

45 

1 

15 

3 

101 

2 

3 

39 

1 

41 

8 

10 

3 

24 

1 

2 

5 

1 

32 

7 

323 

34 

823 

5 

315 

31 

751 

1 

7 

3 

3 

38 

6 

278 

1 

13 

5 

250 

13 

217 

3, 730 

578 

13, 665 

12 

216 

3,  726 

56k 

13,572 

2 

2 

33 

1 

2 

28 

4 

133 

48 

4 

1 

45 

5 

3 

80 

22 

4£5 

1 

2 

20 

1 

71 

3 

13 

7 

230 

1 

4 

2 

27 

5 

119 

12 

298 

4 

12 

1 

1 

1 

16 

6 

13 

162 

5 

443 

1 

l> 

7 

5 

86 

1 

3 

85 

18 

3 

188 

4 

2 

71 

1 

3 

2 

13 

1 

5 

262 

7 

308 

1 

25 

1 

14 

1,478 
3,630 
604 
2,817 
2,257 
2,898 
1,826 
401 
1,320 
982 
9,088 
6,331, 
902 
5,341 
4, 793 
97,077 
9k,  633 
1,380 
1,756 
1,889 
1,288 
3,466 
1,462 
3, 674 
518 
1,154 
5, 164 
1,490 
885 
5,371 
876 
2,075 
1,816 
1.285 
1,301 
4,423 
676 
1,104 


The  province . 

202,814 

44 

275 

4,958 

733 

18,337 

178,467 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 

Aguacate . . 

1,667 

291 

56 

59 

8 

195 

1,058 

Alquizar . . 

5, 472 

1,432 

368 

97 

185 

15 

184 

3, 559 

Bainoa . 

i;  271 
4,131 

22 

61 

3 

148 

669 

Batabano . . . . 

686 

269 

137 

20 

303 

2,716 
2,313 
3,068 
2, 128 

Bauta  .  . . . . 

3;  625 
4, 462 
3,328 

1.054 

339 

77 

43 

8 

131 

Bejucal . . . 

126 

454 

19 

456 

Cano . . . 

935 

57 

80 

14 

114 

408 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 
Table  XXIV — Continued. 


Province  of  Habana— Continued. 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE-Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Casiguas . 

667 

106 

10 

5 

2 

142 

402 

Catalina . 

2,04(1 

398 

29 

47 

8 

252 

1,306 

Ceiba  del  Agua . . 

1,748 

448 

43 

45 

1 

74 

1,137 

Guanabacoa . 

13,150 

1,281 

565 

763 

179 

1,321 

9,041 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

8,232 

13 

A  58 

695 

162 

1,0Kb 

5,860 

Guara . . 

1,395 

255 

11 

37 

2 

155 

935 

Giiines . 

7,092 

1,334 

191 

277 

44 

538 

4,708 

Guirade  Melena . 

7,372 

1,791 

150 

250 

20 

385 

4,776 

Habana . - . 

119, 816 

754 

8,027 

13,312 

2,395 

9,658 

85, 670 

City  of  Habana . 

115,532 

2% 

7,931 

13, 135 

2,366 

8,972 

82, 83K 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

2, 480 

255 

78 

57 

6 

468 

1,616 

Jaruco  . 

3,044 

651 

79 

69 

22 

280 

1,943 

Madruga . 

2, 423 

435 

41 

54 

5 

219 

1,669 

Managua . 

2,268 

493 

31 

47 

5 

255 

1,437 

Marianao . 

4,758 

464 

286 

308 

63 

411 

3, 226 

Melena  del  Sur . 

1,847 

436 

40 

71 

6 

102 

1,192 

N  ueva  Paz . 

4,390 

765 

89 

111 

19 

415 

2, 991 

Pipian  _ . . . 

962 

163 

4 

235 

560 

Quivican . — 

1,772 

303 

27 

56 

5 

138 

1,243 

Regia . . 

7,493 

3 

425 

721 

48 

938 

5,358 

Salud . . . . . 

2,874 

746 

41 

60 

6 

243 

1,778 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas.... 

1,465 

346 

12 

34 

4 

56 

1,013 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos.... 

9,377 

1,449 

252 

908 

41 

786 

5, 941 

San  Felipe . 

1,209 

142 

27 

35 

10 

164 

831 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

2, 965 

287 

93 

94 

16 

459 

2,016 

San  Nicolas . 

2, 797 

532 

50 

64 

8 

328 

1,815 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

1,705 

479 

27 

21 

6 

141 

1,031 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

2,002 

457 

62 

29 

6 

197 

1,251 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

7,160 

580 

161 

950 

36 

665 

4, 768 

Tapaste . 

1.250 

153 

12 

13 

2 

309 

761 

Vereda  Nueva . 

2,142 

513 

27 

39 

3 

231 

1,329 

The  province . 

243, 619 

21, 124 

11,590 

19,500 

3,055 

21,096 

167,254 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Aguacate . 

826 

291 

56 

58 

6 

175 

240 

Alquizar . 

2,837 

1,431 

95 

168 

13 

150 

980 

Bainoa  . 

690 

368 

22 

17 

2 

90 

191 

Batabano . 

2, 093 

686 

269 

134 

14 

283 

707 

Bauta . 

1,932 

1,054 

77 

43 

7 

118 

G33 

Bejucal . . . 

2.049 

339 

125 

446 

17 

439 

683 

Cano . 

1,735 

935 

57 

80 

11 

109 

543 

Casiguas . 

371 

106 

10 

5 

1 

131 

118 

Catalina . 

986 

393 

29 

38 

5 

249 

272 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

897 

448 

43 

41 

1 

64 

300 

Guanabacoa . 

6,307 

1,281 

563 

649 

146 

1,197 

2,471 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

3, 757 

13 

K57 

586 

132 

95K 

1,615 

Guara . 

692 

255 

11 

37 

2 

151 

236 

Giiines . . 

3,379 

1,332 

189 

251 

39 

478 

1,090 

Guira  de  Melena . 

3,907 

1,791 

149 

246 

16 

340 

1 , 365 

Habana . 

55, 193 

751 

7,941 

12,173 

2,019 

8,502 

23, 807 

City  of  Habana . 

52, 9K0 

292 

7,845 

11,998 

2,001 

7,832 

22, 972 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

1,309 

255 

77 

57 

5 

464 

451 

Jaruco . « . 

1,574 

651 

77 

51 

19 

257 

519 

Madruga . 

1,100 

435 

41 

54 

5 

198 

367 

Managua . 

1,206 

493 

31 

45 

4 

240 

393 

Marianao . ! . 

2,307 

463 

284 

275 

43 

317 

925 

Melena  del  Sur . 

941 

435 

39 

60 

5 

88 

314 

Nueva  Paz . 

2,109 

765 

89 

109 

13 

390 

743 

Pipian . 

485 

163 

4 

235 

83 

Qiiivic&n . 

872 

303 

27 

53 

3 

134 

352 

Regia . 

3,512 

3 

423 

680 

36 

872 

1,498 

Salud . 

1,524 

746 

41 

60 

2 

236 

4*J 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas .... 

717 

345 

12 

;*3 

3 

51 

273 

San  Antonio  do  los  Banos.... 

4,701 

1,444 

248 

789 

37 

670 

1,513 

San  Felipe . 

588 

141 

27 

29 

7 

148 

236 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

1,367 

287 

93 

94 

13 

448 

432 

San  Niool&s . 

1,487 

532 

50 

57 

6 

302 

540 

OCCUPATIONS 


409 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Habana — Continued. 
NATIVE  WHITE  MALES— Continued. 


[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans 

porta- 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

924 

479 

27 

20 

4 

118 

276 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

1,029 

457 

62 

27 

6 

191 

286 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

3,406 

580 

161 

765 

30 

581 

1,289 

Tapaste . 

667 

153 

12 

13 

2 

295 

192 

Vereda  Nueva . 

1,119 

513 

27 

39 

2 

231 

307 

The  province . — 

116,838 

21,104 

11,484 

17, 700 

2,544 

18,942 

45,064 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Aguacate  . . 

841 

1 

2 

20 

818 

Alquizar . . . . 

2,635 

1 

2 

17 

2 

34 

2,579 

Bainoa _ _ _ _ 

581 

44 

1 

58 

478 

Batabano  __ . . . 

2,038 

3 

6 

20 

2, 009 

Ran  t,a  . .  - _ 

1,693 

1 

13 

L679 

Bejucal  . . . . 

2, 413 

1 

8 

2 

17 

2,385 

Cano _ _ _ _ 

L593 

3 

5 

585 

design  as  .  .  . . 

'296 

1 

11 

'284 

Catalina . . . . . 

1,054 

5 

9 

3 

3 

1, 034 

Ceiba  del  Agua . . . . 

851 

4 

10 

837 

Guanabacoa  _  _ 

6,843 

2 

114 

33 

124 

6,570 

City  of  Guanabacoa _ 

if,  475 

1 

109 

30 

90 

h,  2h5 

Guara  . . . 

703 

4 

'699 

Giiines . 

3,713 

2 

2 

26 

5 

60 

3, 618 

Guira  de  Melena _ 

3, 465 

1 

4 

4 

45 

3, 411 

Habana  . . - . 

6L  623 

3 

86 

1.139 

376 

1,156 

61 ; 863 

City  of  Habana . 

62,592 

2 

86 

1,137 

365 

l,lhO 

59,862 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

1,171 

1 

1 

4 

1, 165 

Jaruco . . . 

1,470 

2 

18 

3 

23 

L424 

Madruga _  _ 

L323 

21 

L302 

Managua _  _ 

1,062 

2 

1 

15 

1,044 

Marianao . . . . 

2,451 

1 

2 

33 

20 

94 

2;  301 

Melena  del  Sur . 

906 

1 

1 

11 

1 

14 

878 

Nueva  Paz _ _ 

2,281 

2 

6 

25 

2, 248 

Pipian  _  __  _ _ 

477 

'477 

Qnivican  _ _ 

900 

3 

2 

4 

891 

Regia _ _ 

3,981 

2 

41 

12 

66 

3, 860 

Salud . . . 

1,350 

4 

7 

1, 339 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas.... 

748 

1 

1 

1 

5 

740 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  .... 

4, 676 

5 

4 

119 

4 

116 

4, 428 

San  Felipe . . . . 

621 

1 

6 

3 

16 

595 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

1,598 

3 

11 

1,584 

San  NTiool4s  ...  .  _ 

1,310 

7 

2 

26 

1,275 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte _ 

781 

1 

2 

23 

'755 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

973 

2 

6 

965 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

3, 754 

185 

6 

84 

3.479 

Tapaste . . . . . . 

'583 

14 

569 

Vereda  Nueva _ _ _ _ 

1,023 

1 

1,022 

The  province . . 

126, 781 

20 

106 

1,800 

511 

2, 154 

122, 190 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Aguacate . . 

205 

62 

Alquizar . 

833 

293 

Bainoa . 

74 

41 

Batabano . 

878 

175 

Bauta . . . 

440 

218 

Bejucal . . . . 

416 

62 

Cano . 

396 

173 

Casiguas . 

23 

9 

Catalina . 

152 

58 

Ceiba  del  Agua _ _ _ 

170 

76 

Guanabacoa . . 

1,484 

213 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

1,091 

5 

Guara . . 

89 

33 

Giiines . 

833 

294 

55 

21 

3 

17 

47 

111 

29 

1 

271 

128 

12 

3 

1 

17 

456 

68 

7 

53 

119 

80 

12 

1 

43 

86 

149 

59 

4 

17 

125 

47 

10 

2 

100 

64 

9 

1 

2 

2 

27 

4 

2 

20 

41 

29 

8 

2 

11 

44 

495 

128 

50 

170 

428 

4  26 

113 

44 

165 

338 

20 

5 

1 

30 

218 

40 

9 

78 

194 

410 


REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Habana — Continued. 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Guira  de  Melena . 

1,221 

373 

205 

50 

9 

397 

187 

Habana . 

53,877 

378 

21,567 

7, 604 

1,095 

11,220 

12,013 

City  of  Habana . 

52,901 

27k 

21.U12 

7,512 

1,07  k 

10,  792 

11,837 

Isla  de  Pinos . . . 

198 

52 

49 

12 

3 

61 

21 

Jaruco . 

206 

92 

42 

19 

2 

2 

49 

Madruga . . 

230 

92 

54 

18 

2 

12 

52 

Managua . . 

no 

51 

21 

14 

1 

1 

22 

Marianao . 

1.159 

96 

344 

163 

11 

313 

232 

Melena  del  Sur . . 

126 

46 

36 

15 

29 

Nueva  Paz . . . 

377 

152 

93 

20 

1 

46 

65 

Pipian . 

33 

22 

5 

6 

Quivican . . . __ 

148 

58 

32 

8 

16 

34 

Regia  . . 

1.666 

5 

575 

206 

11 

369 

500 

Salud . . . . . 

193 

no 

29 

5 

1 

48 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas _ 

55 

29 

17 

3 

1 

1 

,  4 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos.... 

1,220 

337 

234 

83 

6 

263 

297 

San  Felipe . 

125 

15 

34 

7 

4 

24 

41 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas _ _ 

189 

59 

53 

23 

14 

40 

San  Nicolas . . 

230 

107 

58 

33 

2 

1 

29 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

136 

62 

22 

7 

2 

43 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

108 

41 

42 

rr 

i 

3 

1 

14 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

1.202 

120 

290 

246 

9 

288 

249 

Tapaste . . . 

68 

34 

13 

2 

1 

7 

11 

Vereda  Nueva _ 

101 

38 

13 

26 

24 

The  province . . 

68,971 

4,076 

25, 536 

8,932 

1,245 

13,847 

15,335 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Aguacate . 

171 

62 

55 

21 

3 

17 

13 

Alquizar  . 

727 

293 

109 

29 

1 

268 

27 

Bainoa _ _ 

0/ 

41 

12 

2 

2 

Batabano  . . . . 

764 

175 

453 

68 

6 

42 

20 

Bauta _ _ _ 

358 

218 

80 

12 

42 

6 

Bejucal . . . 

306 

62 

149 

59 

4 

11 

21 

Cano . . 

335 

173 

47 

10 

2 

99 

4 

Casiguas _ _ 

19 

9 

9 

1 

Catalina . 

113 

58 

27 

4 

2 

. 

18 

4 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

125 

76 

27 

8 

i 

11 

2 

Guanabacoa  . . 

1.113 

213 

493 

123 

.50 

146 

88 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

80k 

5 

k2k 

108 

kk 

lk6 

77 

Guara  _ _ _ 

62 

33 

20 

5 

4 

Guines . . . 

664 

294 

218 

40 

8 

1 1 

27 

Guira  de  Melena . 

1.059 

373 

205 

50 

8 

389 

34 

Habana . . . 

42,008 

376 

21,459 

7,382 

909 

10,053 

1.829 

City  of  Habana . . 

kl,  190 

272 

21.30k 

7,290 

891 

9,629 

l,S0k 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

185 

52 

48 

12 

2 

60 

11 

Jaruco _ _ _  _ 

160 

92 

42 

19 

1 

6 

Madruga. . . 

182 

92 

tv 

18 

2 

10 

6 

Managua _  _ 

88 

51 

21 

14 

i 

1 

Marianao . 

932 

96 

343 

150 

9 

296 

38 

Melena  del  Sur.... 

97 

46 

36 

14 

1 

Nueva  Paz..  ..  .. 

318 

152 

92 

20 

40 

14 

Pipian 

28 

22 

5 

1 

Quivican  . 

120 

58 

32 

8 

15 

rt 

i 

Regia . 

1.229 

5 

572 

198 

11 

3»i0 

83 

Salud  .  . . . 

151 

110 

29 

5 

1 

6 

Sap  Antonin  de  las  Vegas 

50 

29 

17 

3 

1 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos - 

974 

337 

81 

5 

254 

72 

San  Felipe . 

87 

15 

S3 

7 

2 

24 

6 

San  Jose  do  las  1  ,ajas 

155 

59 

53 

.‘33 

14 

6 

San  Nicolas  .  . 

204 

107 

58 

33 

i 

5 

Santa  Prn*  del  Norte 

97 

62 

22 

6 

r* 

i 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 

92 

41 

41 

i 

2 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

997 

120 

286 

241 

9 

277 

64 

Tapaste . . 

58 

3t 

13 

*>  . 

1 

6 

2 

Vereda  Nneva 

38 

13 

26 

The  province . 

54,162 

4,074 

25, 398 

8,674  j 

1,042 

12, 555 

2.419 

OCCUPATIONS 


411 


Table  XXI Y — Continued. 
Province  of  Habana — Continued. 
FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Aguacate  . . . 

34 

34 

Alquizar  _  _ _ 

106 

2 

3 

101 

Bainoa  _ _ _ 

17 

1 

1 

1 5 

Batabano.  _  .. 

114 

3 

1 

11 

99 

Bauta  _  _ 

83 

1 

1 

80 

Bo  10  03.1  _  _  _ 

no 

6 

104 

Cario  _ 

61 

1 

60 

Casiguas  _ _ 

4 

2 

2 

Catalina _ _ _ 

39 

2 

37 

Ceiba,  del  Agua . . 

45 

2 

1 

42 

Guanabacoa _ 

371 

2 

5 

24 

340 

City  of  Guanabacoa  . . 

287 

2 

5 

19 

261 

(Inara.  _ _ _  ....  _ 

37 

1 

26 

(4nines  _  .  _ 

169 

1 

1 

167 

Guira  de  Melena . . . 

163 

_  _  _ 

1 

8 

153 

Habana  _  .  _ 

11,869 

2 

108 

222 

186 

1,167 

1,163 

1 

10, 184 

10, 033 

10 

City  of  Habana . . 

11,711 

13 

2 

108 

222 

183 

T«la-  de  Pinos  _  _ 

1 

1 

.T3.ru  00  _ _  _ 

46 

1 

2 

43 

Madruga  _ _ _ 

48 

2 

46 

Managua.  _ _ 

23 

i 

21 

Marianao  _ _ _  _ 

227 

1 

13 

2 

17 

194 

Melena  del  Sur  .  _  _ _ 

29 

1 

28 

Nueva  Paz _ 

59 

1 

1 

6 

51 

Pipian . . 

5 

5 

Quivican _ _ 

28 

1 

27 

Regia  _ _ _ _ 

437 

3 

8 

9 

417 

Salud . . . . . . 

42 

42 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas _ 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  ... 

5 

1 

4 

246 

.  9 

2 

1 

9 

225 

San  Felipe . . . 

38 

1 

2 

35 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

34 

34 

San  Nicolas  . . . 

26 

1 

1 

24 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte 

39 

1 

2 

36 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario _ 

16 

1 

9 

1 

12 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas _ 

205 

4 

5 

11 

185 

Tapaste . . . . . . 

10 

1 

9 

Vereda  Nueva _ _ 

24 

24 

The  province . 

14,809 

2 

138 

258 

203 

1,292 

12,916 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Aguacate . . 

Alquizar . 

Bainoa . 

Batabano . 

Bauta . 

Beju^al . 

Cano . 

Casiguas . 

Catalina . 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

Guanabacoa . 

City  of  Guanabacoa 

Guara . 

Guines . 

Guira  de  Melena . 

Habana . 

City  of  Habana . 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

Jaruco . 

Madruga . 

Managua . 

Marianao . 

Melena  del  Sur . 

Nueva  Paz . 

Pipian . . 

Quivican . 


1,291 

108 

17 

33 

1 

307 

825 

2, 441 

575 

33 

131 

375 

1,327 

380 

136 

2 

15 

58 

169 

1,514 

244 

45 

53 

— 

224 

948 

1.077 

375 

rv 

7 

37 

. 

31 

G27 

878 

100 

14 

157 

2 

78 

527 

486 

188 

1 

28 

33 

236 

314 

53 

4 

95 

162 

526 

141 

9 

b* 

7 

1 

66 

309 

279 

84 

4 

19 

22 

150 

5, 446 

276 

57 

818 

16 

1,325 

2,954 

h,6h2 

1 

52 

795 

16 

1,292 

2,586 

351 

83 

1 

15 

3 

249 

3, 469 

473 

59 

200 

5 

740 

1,992 

2, 955 

682 

35 

169 

1 

370 

1,698 

68,362 

309 

2,015 

1 1 , 335 

216 

20,811 

33,676 

67,51*8 

11*7 

2,008 

11,266 

215 

20, 602 

33,310 

521 

96 

13 

15 

118 

279 

826 

170 

16 

64 

168 

408 

1,091 

171 

12 

35 

190 

683 

509 

163 

4 

25 

1 

29 

287 

2,676 

163 

75 

203 

3 

869 

1,363 

1,234 

202 

17 

30 

257 

728 

2,994 

264 

35 

69 

1 

790 

1,835 

106 

58 

8 

40 

503 

54 

3 

21 

109 

316 

412 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Habana— Continued. 

TOTAL  COLORED. — Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

1 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Regia . . 

2,304 

3 

35 

299 

1 

666 

1,200 

Salud  . . 

226 

74 

8 

5 

139 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas _ 

335 

93 

8 

54 

180 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos .... 

2,034 

414 

20 

232 

375 

993 

San  Felipe  . . . 

581 

19 

6 

15 

205 

3:16 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . 

1,000 

no 

5 

44 

237 

604 

San  Nicolas . . 

1,541 

211 

19 

45 

545 

721 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

1,124 

220 

5 

12 

240 

647 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

020 

161 

5 

19 

29 

406 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

1,914 

217 

22 

384 

5 

263 

1,023 

Tapaste . . . 

233 

58 

2 

6 

33 

134 

Vereda  Nueva . . 

173 

40 

3 

4 

43 

83 

The  province . 

112,214 

6,788 

2,589 

14,559 

253 

29, 771 

58,254 

COLORED  MALES. 


Aguacate . . 

643 

108 

17 

33 

1 

285 

199 

Alquizar _ _ _ 

1 . 250 

574 

33 

108 

158 

377 

Bainoa  ..  . . . 

'211 

135 

2 

11 

5 

58 

Batabano . . . 

7443 

244 

45 

52 

163 

239 

Bauta _ 

547 

375 

7 

36 

129 

Bejucal _ _ _ 

383 

100 

14 

150 

1 

118 

Cano  . . . . 

270 

188 

1 

26 

55 

Casiguas _ _ 

171 

53 

4 

67 

47 

Catalina . . 

254 

138 

2 

6 

1 

47 

00 

Ceiba  del  Agna.  _ 

152 

83 

4 

18 

47 

Guanabacoa  . . 

2,385 

276 

54 

614 

15 

650 

776 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

1,968 

1 

50 

5.94 

15 

650 

658 

Guara  _ _ 

171 

83 

1 

15 

72 

Giiines . . . 

1,682 

472 

58 

188 

5 

52 3 

436 

Guira  de  Melena . . 

1,520 

682 

35 

160 

1 

173 

409 

Habana . 

29,574 

301 

1,992 

8,966 

200 

9, 469 

8,646 

City  of  Habana . 

39, 128 

139 

1,986 

8,899 

199 

9,333 

8,572 

Tsla  de  Pinos _ _  _ 

288 

96 

13 

15 

90 

74 

Jaruco .  _ 

418 

169 

16 

54 

60 

119 

Madruga 

525 

171 

12 

35 

165 

142 

Managua  . . . 

255 

163 

4 

23 

1 

64 

Marianao  . . . 

1,343 

159 

75 

169 

3 

545 

392 

Melpna  del  Sur 

612 

202 

16 

22 

200 

172 

Nueva  Paz . 

1,407 

264 

33 

58 

1 

591 

460 

Pipian 

69 

58 

7 

4 

Quivican . 

244 

54 

3 

20 

87 

80 

Regia . . 

1,024 

3 

35 

229 

1 

443 

313 

Salud 

112 

74 

8 

30 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas 

184 

93 

8 

44 

39 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos.... 

956 

413 

20 

191 

57 

275 

San  Felipe . 

264 

19 

6 

14 

135 

90 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas 

518 

no 

5 

43 

213 

147 

San  Nicolas 

852 

211 

19 

34 

384 

204 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  . . . 

582 

220 

5 

10 

194 

153 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario  . 

289 

161 

5 

18 

23 

82 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

867 

216 

21 

312 

4 

50 

264 

Tapaste 

124 

58 

2 

5 

23 

36 

Vereda  Nueva . 

101 

40 

3 

4 

29 

25 

The  province . 

50,990 

to 

to 

2,558 

11, 659 

234 

14,880 

14,893 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Aguacate  . 

648 

22 

620 

Alquizar  ..  _  _ 

1,191 

1 

23  . 

217 

950 

Bainoa  _ 

169 

1 

4  . 

53 

111 

Batabano  _ _ 

771 

1  | . 

61 

709 

Raiit.a  _  _  _ 

530 

1  . 

31 

498 

Bejucal . 

495 

7  |  1 

78 

409 

OCCUPATIONS 


413 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Habana — Continued. 

COLORED  FEMALES-Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district,] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Ca.no  _ 

216 

2 

33 

181 

Oa.sip'iia.R  -  .  _  _ 

143 

28 

115 

Oa.ha.lina,  _  _ 

272 

3 

1 

19 

249 

Ceiba.  del  A  pm  a,  _ 

127 

1 

1 

22 

103 

(Tnanahacoa  _ _ 

3,061 

3 

204 

1 

675 

2,178 

City  of  Cuana.bacoa  _  _ 

2,67  k 

2 

201 

1 

6U2 

1, 828 

f-S-i  __  _ _ 

180 

3 

177 

Giiines  . .  . . 

1,787 

1 

1 

12 

217 

1,556 

friiira.  do  Melena,  _ 

1,435 

9 

197 

1,229 

Habana . 

38;  788 

8 

23 

2,369 

16 

11,342 

25,030 

City  of  Habana . 

38, k20 

8 

22 

2,367 

16 

11,269 

2k,  738 

Tsla  do  Pinos.  _ _ _ _ 

233 

28 

205 

.Ta.rneo  _ _  _ 

408 

1 

10 

108 

289 

Madrnga,  _  . . . 

566 

25 

541 

Marianna  _ 

254 

2 

29 

223 

TVIa.ria.ria.o  _  _ 

1,333 

4 

34 

324 

971 

TV! plena,  del  Rnr  _ 

'622 

1 

8 

57 

556 

Niiftva,  Paz  _ _ 

1,587 

2 

11 

199 

1,375 

Pipian  ..  _ 

37 

1 

36 

Qnivican  -  _ 

259 

1 

22 

236 

Regia  _  _ _ 

1,180 

70 

223 

887 

Salnd  _ 

114 

5 

109 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas _ 

151 

10 

141 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. . .. 

1,078 

1 

41 

318 

718 

San  Felipe  _  ..  . . 

'317 

1 

70 

246 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . . 

482 

1 

24 

457 

San  Nicolas.  _ _ _ 

689 

11 

161 

517 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte _ 

542 

2 

46 

494 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario _ 

331 

1 

6 

324 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

1,047 

1 

1 

72 

1 

213 

759 

Tapaste  _ _ _ 

109 

1 

10 

98 

Vereda  Nueva _ _ 

72 

14 

58 

The  province . 

61,224 

22 

31 

2,900 

19 

14,891 

43,361 

Province  of  Matanzas. 
TOTAL  POPULATION. 


Alacranos  . 

8,110 

2,803 

203 

303 

36 

432 

4,333 

Bolondron . . 

9, 179 

3,270 

306 

311 

23 

457 

4,812 

Cabezas . . . . 

5,184 

1,786 

103 

66 

10 

66 

3, 153 

Canasi . . 

1,993 

749 

68 

49 

6 

108 

1,013 

Cardenas . . 

24, 861 

2,526 

1,968 

2,259 

169 

2,893 

15,046 

City  of  Cardenas . 

21, 9k0 

1, 682 

1,888 

2,217 

162 

2,  792 

13, 199 

Carlos  Rojas. . . 

3,174 

1,261 

52 

77 

12 

93 

1,679 

Colon . . . . 

12, 195 

2,741 

600 

576 

61 

984 

7,233 

Cue  vitas . . 

5, 807 

2,088 

112 

247 

14 

272 

3,074 

Guamacaro . 

6,000 

2,241 

155 

161 

12 

185 

3,246 

Jagiiey  Grande . . . 

5, 853 

1,870 

175 

126 

7 

179 

3, 496 

Jovellanos . . . 

7,529 

1,817 

277 

421 

27 

384 

4,603 

Macagua . . . 

5, 042 

1,431 

95 

105 

14 

124 

3,273 

Macuriges . . 

10, 405 

3, 705 

292 

340 

22 

219 

5,827 

Marti . . 

8, 905 

3, 066 

301 

475 

24 

183 

4,856 

Matanzas . . 

45, 282 

4, 752 

3, 472 

4,242 

447 

5, 102 

27, 267 

City  of  Matanzas . . 

36, 37k 

1,823 

3,338 

k  ,125 

4  26 

4 ,608 

22,05k 

Maximo  Gontlez . 

4,046 

1,364 

109 

124 

11 

119 

2,319 

Mendez  Capote . 

2, 158 

1,036 

23 

21 

3 

99 

97(5 

Palmillas . . . 

7,647 

2,602 

248 

214 

22 

320 

4,241 

Perico . . 

4, 449 

1,577 

157 

207 

12 

157 

2, 339 

Roque  . 

4,464 

2,013 

66 

63 

8 

145 

2, 1(59 

Sabanilla . 

5, 205 

1,651 

115 

117 

12 

165 

3,145 

San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos . 

6, 765 

2, 168 

180 

176 

16 

96 

4,129 

Santa  Ana . 

2, 965 

1,031 

56 

41 

7 

48 

1,782 

Union  de  Reyes . . 

5,226 

1,256 

274 

271 

13 

275 

3, 137 

The  province . 

202, 444 

50,304 

9,407 

10, 992 

988 

13, 105 

117, 148 

414 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Matanzas— Continued. 

TOTAL  MALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan 
ical in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Alacranes . 

4, 573 

2,481 

198 

279 

30 

182 

1,403 

Bolondron . . . 

4,850 

2,866 

303 

294 

19 

136 

1,232 

Cabezas . 

2, 605 

1,  701 

103 

66 

8 

49 

678 

Canasi . 

1.085 

728 

67 

37 

5 

37 

211 

Cardenas . . 

11,744 

2,398 

1,963 

1,948 

138 

934 

4,363 

City  of  Cardenas . 

10, 206 

1,639 

1,883 

1,907 

f3S 

873 

3,771 

Carlos  Rojas . . 

1,615 

992 

52 

66 

6 

24 

475 

Colon  . . . . 

6, 215 

2,676 

592 

529 

48 

423 

1,947 

CuevitasL- . 

3.138 

1.897 

111 

232 

11 

83 

804 

Guamacaro . - . 

3,090 

1,856 

155 

157 

8 

64 

850 

Jagiiey  Grande . . 

3,092 

1,857 

174 

126 

4 

78 

8.53 

Jovellanos . 

3. 573 

1.432 

276 

414 

20 

194 

1,237 

Macagua . - . 

2, 665 

1.427 

95 

105 

11 

98 

929 

Macuriges . 

5,452 

3. 125 

287 

335 

16 

138 

1,551 

Marti . - . 

4.931 

2,  m2 

301 

470 

20 

120 

1,328 

Matanzas . 

21,905 

4,718 

3,438 

3,333 

348 

2. 432 

7,636 

City  of  Ma  tanzas . . 

16, 926 

1,805 

3,  SOU 

3,217 

333 

2,003 

6, 26k 

Maximo  Gomez . 

2,102 

1,171 

109 

120 

r* 

( 

61 

634 

Mendez  Capote . . . 

1.344 

918 

23 

21 

3 

22 

357 

Palmillas _ . . 

4. 155 

2,367 

246 

174 

15 

109 

1,244 

Perico . . . . 

2. 486 

1.415 

157 

204 

10 

86 

614 

Roque . - - - 

2, 577 

1,865 

66 

62 

4 

69 

511 

Sabanilla . . . . 

2,678 

1.639 

115 

111 

6 

70 

737 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

3. 652 

2,081 

180 

173 

13 

58 

1,147 

Santa  Ana . 

1.577 

1.031 

56 

41 

6 

38 

405 

Union  de  Reyes . 

2,622 

1,163 

272 

235 

11 

82 

859 

The  province . 

103, 726 

46,496 

9,339 

9,532 

767 

5,587 

32,005 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Alacranes . ”... 

3.537 

322 

5 

24 

6 

2.50 

2,930 

Bolondron . . 

4.329 

404 

3 

17 

4 

321 

3, 580 

Cabezas _ _ 

2,579 

85 

2 

17 

2, 475 

Canasi . . . 

908 

21 

1 

12 

1 

71 

802 

Cardenas  . .. . - . 

13,117 

128 

5 

311 

31 

1,959 

10,683 

City  of  Cardenas . . 

11,73k 

lei 

5 

310 

29 

1.919 

9,k28 

Carlos  Rojas 

1 . 559 

269 

11 

6 

69 

1.204 

Colon . . . 

5,980 

65 

1 

47 

13 

561 

5,286 

Cuevitas . 

2, 669 

191 

2 

15 

3 

189 

2.270 

Guamacaro _ _ _ 

2.910 

385 

4 

4 

121 

2,396 

Jagiiey  Grande  .  _ 

2,  761 

13 

1 

3 

101 

2. 643 

Jovellanos . 

3. 956 

385 

1 

7 

7 

190 

3, 366 

Macagua  . 

2, 377 

4 

3 

26 

2.314 

Macuriges . . . 

4.953 

580 

5 

5 

6 

81 

4;  276 

Marti . __ 

3. 974 

374 

5 

4 

63 

3. 528 

Matanzas . . 

23,377 

34 

34 

909 

99 

2,670 

19,631 

City  of  Matanzas _ 

19,  kk 8 

18 

8k 

908 

93 

2, 605 

15,  790 

Maximo  Gomez . 

1,944 

193 

4 

4 

58 

1,685 

Mendez  Capote  . 

814 

118 

77 

619 

Palmillas . - . 

3, 492 

235 

2 

40 

1 

211 

2.997 

Perico . . . 

1.963 

162 

3 

2 

71 

1.725 

Roque . . 

1,887 

148 

1 

4 

76 

1, 658 

Sabanilla . . . 

2, 527 

12 

6 

6 

95 

2,408 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

3, 113 

87 

3 

3 

38 

2!  982 

Santa  Ana  . 

1 . 388 

1 

10 

1 , 377 

Union  de  Reyes . 

2.604 

93 

2 

36 

2 

193 

2,278 

The  province . 

98, 718 

4,308 

68 

1,460 

221 

7,518 

85, 143 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Alacranes . 

.  3,676 

898  ; 

71 

117 

26 

100 

2.464 

Balondron  . ... 

.  3,819 

1 ,  ( (55 

114 

111 

20 

88 

2. 411 

Cabezas . 

.  3.687 

1.197 

46  I 

38 

1 

29 

2,370 

Canasi . 

. |  1,038 

400  1 

.  37  | 

21 

3 

33 

544 

OCCUPATIONS 


415 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Matanzas — Continued. 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE-Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Cardenas . . . 

14,085 

1,150 

859 

1,220 

107 

537 

10,212 

City  of  Cardenas. . 

11,962 

653 

818 

1,199 

103 

598 

8,  701 

Carlos  Rojas . . 

1.179 

345 

11 

39 

7 

15 

762 

Colon . . . . . 

5,  706 

1,051 

207 

245 

44 

168 

3,991 

Cue'vitas . . . . 

3,037 

928 

30 

80 

12 

40 

1,947 

Guamacaro . . 

2, 605 

700 

55 

67 

9 

46 

1,728 

Jagiiey  Grande . . . 

3, 674 

1,047 

68 

72 

5 

49 

2,433 

Jovellanos . 

2,835 

359 

98 

194 

21 

74 

2,089 

Macagua . 

2,524 

636 

26 

41 

11 

18 

1,792 

Macuriges . 

4,003 

1,054 

86 

133 

13 

50 

2, 667 

Marti  . . . . --- 

4. 125 

1,106 

85 

214 

19 

46 

2,655 

Matanzas . . . 

27,571 

2, 908 

1,633 

2,051 

304 

1,520 

19, 155 

City  of  Matanzas . 

20, 931 

857 

1,562 

1,979 

291 

1,200 

15, 052 

Maximo  Gomez . 

1,788 

486 

40 

46 

7 

24 

1, 185 

Mend  ez  Capote .  -  -  - . 

1,142 

405 

10 

12 

2 

11 

702. 

Palmillas . . . 

3,337 

844 

87 

89 

16 

58 

2,243 

Perico . . . 

1,662 

386 

49 

83 

8 

29 

1,107 

Roque . . . . 

2, 056 

800 

22 

34 

7 

28 

1, 165 

Sabanilla . . . 

2, 630 

797 

37 

33 

10 

31 

1,722 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  .  . 

2, 673 

728 

42 

52 

11 

15 

1,825 

Santa  Ana . 

1,593 

515 

22 

15 

7 

10 

1,024 

Union  de  Reyes . 

2,237 

417 

89 

108 

7 

40 

1,576 

The  province . 

102,682 

20,212 

3,824 

5,115 

683 

3,059 

69, 789 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Alacranes. . 

1,972 

897 

71 

113 

21 

76 

794 

Balondron . 

1,947 

1,046 

113 

105 

17 

39 

627 

Cabezas . . . 

1,823 

1.176 

46 

38 

5 

27 

531 

Canasi  . . - . 

579 

397 

36 

14 

2 

19 

111 

Cardenas _ _ 

6,381 

1,138 

857 

1,054 

82 

302 

2,948 

City  of  Cardenas . 

5,308 

635 

816 

1,033 

79 

277 

2,568 

Carlos  Rojas . - . 

592 

343 

11 

32 

2 

6 

198 

Colon . . 

2, 765 

1,047 

206 

237 

32 

121 

1,122 

Cuevitas . . 

1,583 

922 

30 

76 

9 

28 

518 

Guamacaro . . . 

1,299 

682 

55 

66 

6 

28 

462 

Jagiiey  Grande . . . . . 

1, 835 

1,045 

68 

72 

2 

35 

613 

Jovellanos . 

1,273 

356 

98 

190 

14 

55 

560 

Macagua . 

1,258 

633 

26 

41 

8 

16 

534 

Macuriges . 

2,043 

1,045 

86 

132 

11 

44 

725 

Marti . . . 

2. 163 

1.098 

85 

211 

15 

44 

710 

Matanzas . 

12,837 

2,900 

1,624 

1,628 

224 

1, 169 

5,292 

City  of  Matanzas . . 

9,219 

857 

1,553 

1,556 

216 

875 

5,162 

Maximo  Gomez . . 

911 

484 

40 

46 

4 

23 

314 

Mendez  Capote - - 

676 

405 

10 

12 

2 

10 

237 

Palmillas . . . . 

1,728 

843 

87 

70 

10 

33 

685 

Perico . . . . 

850 

384 

49 

83 

6 

25 

303 

Roque  . . 

1,147 

796 

22 

34 

3 

26 

266 

Sabanilla - - - 

1,354 

794 

37 

33 

4 

26 

460 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos - 

1,396 

717 

42 

52 

8 

12 

565 

Santa  Ana . 

819 

515 

22 

15 

6 

10 

251 

Union  de  Reyes  . . 

1,093 

417 

88 

100 

5 

25 

458 

The  province . . . 

50, 324 

20,080 

3,809 

4,454 

498 

2,199 

19,284 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Alacranes . 

1,704 

1 

4 

5 

24 

1,670 

Bolondron  . . . 

L872 

9 

1 

6 

3 

49 

1,804 

Cabezas . . 

1,864 

21 

2 

2 

1,839 

Canasi . .  - 

'  459 

3 

1 

7 

1 

14 

433 

Cardenas  . 

7,704 

12 

2 

166 

25 

235 

7, 264 

City  of  Cardenas . 

6, 655 

8 

2 

166 

25 

221 

6,233 

Carlos  Rojas . 

587 

2 

ri 

i 

5 

9 

564 

Colon _ ” _ _ 

2,941 

4 

1 

8 

12- 

47 

2,869 

416 


"REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 
Table  XXIY — Continued. 


Province  of  Matanzas — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Cuevitas . . . . . 

1.454 

6 

4 

3 

12 

1  429 

Guamacaro  . . . . . 

1,306 

18 

1 

3 

18 

1,266 

Jaguey  Grande . 

1,839 

2 

3 

14 

1,820 

Jovellanos . . . 

1.562 

3 

4 

7 

19 

1,529 

Macagua . . 

1,266 

3 

3 

2 

L258 

Macuriges . . 

1.960 

9 

1 

2 

6 

1,942 

Marti . __ . 

1,962 

8 

3 

4 

2 

1,945 

Matanzas . .. . 

14;734 

8 

9 

423 

80 

351 

13,863 

City  of  Matanzas _ 

11,  712 

9 

4 23 

75 

325 

10, 880 

Maximo  Gomez . . 

'877 

2 

3 

1 

871 

Mendez  Capote . 

466 

1 

465 

Palmillas . . . 

1.609 

1 

19 

6 

25 

1,558 

Perico . 

812 

2 

2 

4 

804 

Roque . . . 

909 

4 

4 

2 

899 

Sabanilla . . 

1,276 

3 

6 

5 

1,262 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

1,277 

11 

3 

3 

l'  260 

Santa  Ana _ 

rrr*  i 

( 1 4 

1 

773 

Union  de  Reyes . 

1,144 

1 

8 

2 

15 

1,118 

The  province . 

52,358 

132 

15 

661 

185 

860 

50, 505 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Alacranes . 

496 

245 

92 

33 

8 

35 

83 

Bolondron . . 

789 

413 

130 

63 

3 

19 

161 

Cabezas . 

287 

134 

38 

14 

3 

6 

92 

Canasi . . . 

81 

31 

20 

5 

3 

6 

16 

Cardenas  . 

2,314 

269 

929 

311 

42 

194 

569 

City  of  Cardenas . . 

2,081 

183 

893 

800 

39 

173 

4 93 

Carlos  Rojas . 

174 

89 

32 

8 

5 

3 

37 

Colon . 

824 

301 

229 

82 

13 

;x> 

144 

Cuevitas . 

398 

184 

69 

60 

2 

14 

69 

Guamacaro . . ... 

359 

179 

58 

23 

2 

10 

87 

Jaguey  Grande . 

430 

241 

86 

12 

2 

15 

74 

Jovellanos .  .. 

411 

117 

106 

65 

5 

46 

72 

Macagua . 

191 

82 

51 

27 

3 

14 

14 

Macuriges . 

699 

330 

137 

44 

6 

21 

161 

Marti . 

427 

118 

141 

83 

5 

12 

68 

Matanzas . 

4,512 

642 

1,475 

401 

118 

556 

1.320 

City  of  Matanzas . 

3,644 

225 

1,522 

377 

110 

5 83 

1,027 

Maximo  Gomez . 

138 

50 

42 

20 

3 

3 

20 

Mendez  Capote . . 

126 

92 

11 

4 

1 

1 

17 

Palmillas . 

427 

192 

101 

40 

4 

19 

71 

Perico . . . 

257 

110 

49 

37 

3 

14 

44 

Roque . 

227 

159 

21 

3 

1 

9 

J4 

Sabanilla . 

401 

181 

46 

19 

2 

21 

132 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  . . 

612 

282 

81 

50 

4 

15 

180 

Santa  Ana  . 

251 

129 

30 

7 

3 

82 

Union  de  Reyes . 

404 

130 

130 

27 

4 

15 

98 

The  province . 

15,235 

4,700 

4,104. 

1,438 

242 

1,106 

3, 645 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Alacranes . 

425 

244 

90 

33 

8 

28 

22 

Bolondron . 

628 

412 

129 

62 

2 

12 

n 

Cabezas . 

198 

134 

38 

14 

3 

6 

3 

Canasi 

64 

30 

20 

5 

3 

6 

Cardenas  . 

1,792 

260 

927 

302 

37 

157 

100 

City  of  Cardenas . 

1,625 

183 

891 

291 

So 

133 

86 

Carlos  Rojas . 

143 

89 

8 

4 

3 

7 

Colon . 

692 

301 

228 

81 

12 

42 

28 

Cuevitas . 

331 

184 

69 

60 

o 

Mf 

13 

3 

Guamacaro . 

269 

174 

58 

23 

o 

a 

10 

2 

Jaguey  Grande . 

359 

241 

86 

12 

9 

44 1 

15 

3 

OCCUPATIONS 


417 


Table  XXIV.— Continued. 

Province  of  Matanzas — Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

J  ovellanos  . . . 

352 

116 

106 

65 

5 

45 

15 

Macagua . . . . 

180 

82 

51 

27 

3 

14 

3 

Macuriges . . . 

551 

329 

137 

44 

5 

21 

15 

Marti . . . . 

370 

116 

141 

83 

5 

12 

13 

Matanzas . . . 

3,290 

641 

1,468 

389 

101 

484 

207 

City  of  Matanzas - 

2,695 

225 

1,475 

365 

9k 

U12 

754 

Maximo  Gomez _ 

116 

49 

42 

20 

2 

3 

Mendez  Capote. . . 

112 

92 

11 

4 

1 

1 

3 

Palmillas  . . . 

361 

192 

99 

40 

4 

16 

10 

Perico  . . . . 

213 

110 

49 

35 

3 

14 

2 

Roque  . 

196 

159 

21 

3 

1 

9 

3 

Sabanilla . . . 

271 

180 

46 

19 

2 

17 

7 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

446 

281 

81 

50 

4 

15 

15 

Santa  Ana  _  .  _  _ 

174 

129 

30 

7 

3 

5 

Union  de  Reyes . 

317 

130 

130 

27 

4 

11 

15 

The  province . 

11,850 

4,684 

4,089 

1,413 

215 

957 

492 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Alacranes . 

Bolondron  . . 

Cabezas . 

Canasi . 

Cardenas . . . 

City  of  Cardenas . . . 

Carlos  Rojas . 

Colon . 

Cuevitas . 

Guamacaro . 

Jaguey  Grande . 

Jovellanos . 

Macagua . 

Macuriges . 

Marti  . . 

Matanzas . 

City  of  Matanzas  . . 

Maximo  Gomez . 

Mendez  Capote . 

Palmillas . 

Perico . 

Roque . 

Sabanilla . 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos 

Santa  Ana . 

Union  de  Reyes . 

The  province 


71 

1 

2 

i 

61 

161 

1 

1 

1 

1 

(V 

i 

150 

89 

89 

17 

1 

16 

522 

2 

9 

5 

37 

469 

4 57 

(!) 

A/ 

9 

4 

35 

4  07 

31 

1 

30 

132 

1 

A 

1 

1 

13 

116 

67 

1 

66 

90 

5 

85 

71 

71 

59 

1 

1 

57 

11 

* 

11 

148 

1 

1 

146 

57 

2 

55 

1,222 

1 

7 

12 

17 

72 

1,113 

94.9 

7 

12 

16 

71 

54-5 

22 

1 

1 

20 

14 

14 

66 

2 

3 

61 

44 

2 

42 

31 

31 

130 

1 

4 

125 

166 

1 

165 

77 

77 

87 

4 

83 

3,385 

16 

15 

25 

27 

149 

3,153 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Alacranes . 

Bolondron . 

Cabezas . 

Canasi . 

Cardenas  . 

City  of  Cardenas 

Carlos  Rojas . 

Colon  . . 

Cuevitas . 

Guamacaro . 

Jaguey  Grande . 

J  ovellanos . 

Macagua . . 

Macuriges . 

24662 — 


3, 938 

1,660 

40 

153 

2 

297 

1,786 

4,571 

1,802 

62 

137 

350 

2,220 

1,210 

455 

19 

14 

31 

691 

874 

318 

11 

23 

69 

4o3 

8,462 

1,107 

180 

728 

20 

2,162 

4,265 

7,897 

856 

177 

718 

20 

2, 121 

h,  005 

1,821 

827 

9 

30 

75 

880 

5, 665 

1,389 

164 

219 

4 

761 

3,  098 

2,372 

976 

13 

107 

218 

1,0.  >8 

3,036 

1,362 

42 

71 

1 

129 

1,431 

1,749 

582 

21 

42 

115 

989 

4,283 

1,341 

73 

162 

1 

264 

2,442 

2, 327 

713 

18 

37 

92 

1,467 

5, 703 

2,321 

69 

163 

3 

148 

2,999 

■27 


418 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Matanzas — Continued. 

TOTAL  COLORED — Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


• 

Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Marti . . . . . 

4,353 
13, 199 

1,842 

1,202 

75 

178 

125 

2,133 
6, 792 

Matanzas . 

364 

1,790 

25 

3,026 

City  of  Matanzas . 

11,799 

7  hi 

35h 

1,769 

35 

2,935 

5,985 

Maximo  Gomez  . . 

2, 120 

828 

27 

58 

1 

92 

1,114 

Mendez  Capote . 

890 

539 

2 

5 

87 

257 

Palmillas . 

3, 883 

1, 566 

60 

85 

2 

243 

1,927 

Perico . 

2,530 

1,081 

59 

87 

1 

114 

1,188 

Roque  . . . . . 

2,181 

2,174 

3,480 

1,054 

673 

23 

26 

108 

970 

Sabanilla  .  . . . . 

32 

65 

113 

1,291 

2,124 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  - . 

1,158 

57 

74 

1 

66 

Santa  Ana _ _ _ _ 

1,121 

2, 585 

387 

4 

19 

.35 

676 

Union  de  Reyes . . 

709 

55 

136 

2 

220 

1,463 

The  province . 

84, 527 

25,892 

1,479 

4,439 

63 

8,940 

43,714 

COLORED  MALES. 


Alacranes . . . 

2,176 

1,340 

37 

133 

1 

78 

587 

Bolondron . . 

2,275 

1,408 

61 

127 

85 

594 

Cabezas . . . . 

'584 

391 

19 

14 

16 

144 

Canasi . . . 

442 

301 

11 

18 

12 

100 

Cardenas  . . - . 

3,571 

991 

179 

592 

19 

475 

1,315 

Cityof  Cardenas . 

3, 37 h 

821 

176 

583 

19 

h58 

1,217 

Carlos  Rojas . . . 

880 

560 

9 

26 

15 

270 

Colon  ..I.’. . 

2,758 

1,328 

158 

211 

4 

260 

797 

Cue  vitas  _ . _ . 

1,224 

791 

12 

96 

42 

283 

Guamacaro . . . 

1,522 

1,000 

42 

68 

26 

386 

Jaguey  Grande . . . 

898 

571 

20 

42 

28 

237 

Jovellanos . 

1,948 

960 

72 

159 

1 

94 

662 

Macagua . _ . . 

1,227 

712 

18 

37 

68 

392 

Macuriges . . 

2.858 

1,751 

64 

159 

73 

811 

Marti . . . 

2,398 

1,478 

75 

176 

64 

605 

Matanzas  _ _ 

5,778 

1,177 

346 

1,316 

23 

779 

2, 137 

City  of  Matanzas . 

5,012 

723 

336 

1,296 

23 

716 

1,918 

Maximo  Gomez. . 

1,075 

638 

27 

54 

1 

35 

320 

Mendez  Capote 

556 

421 

2 

5 

11 

117 

Palmillas . 

2, 066 

1,332 

60 

64 

1 

60 

549 

Perico . 

1,423 

921 

59 

86 

1 

47 

309 

Roque . _ . . . - . 

1,234 

910 

23 

25 

34 

242 

Sabanilla 

1.053 

665 

32 

59 

27 

270 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

1,810 

1,083 

57 

71 

1 

31 

567 

Santa  Ana . . . 

584 

387 

4 

19 

25 

149 

Union  de  Reyes . 

1,212 

616 

54 

108 

9 

46 

386 

The  province . 

41,552 

21,732 

1,441 

3, 665 

54 

2,431 

12,229 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Alacranes . 

Bolondron . 

Cabezas.. . 

Canasi . 

Cardenas  . 

Cityof  Cardenas 

Carlos  Rojas . . 

Colon . 

Cuevitas . 

Guamacaro . 

Jaguey  Grande . 

Jovellanos . 

Managua . 

Macuriges . 

Marti . 

Matanzas . 

City  of  Matanzas 
Maximo  Gomez . 


1,762 
2, 21H> 
626 
432 
4,891 
4  ,623 
941 
2,907 
1,148 
1,514 
851 
2, 335 
1,100 
2, 845 
1, 955 
7,421 
6,787 
1,046 


320 

3' 

20 

1 

219 

1.199 

394 

1 

10 

265 

1, 626 

64 

15 

547 

17 

5 

57 

353 

116 

1 

136 

i 

1,687 

2,950 

35 

1 

135 

i 

1,663 

2,788 

267 

4 

60 

610 

61 

6 

38 

501 

2,301 

185 

1 

11 

176 

775 

362 

3 

i 

103 

1,045 

11 

1 

87 

752 

381 

1 

3 

170 

1,780 

1 

24 

1 , 075 

570 

5 

4 

3 

75 

2, 188 

:$64 

9 

• 

61 

1 . 528 

25 

18 

474 

9 

2,247 

4, 655 

18 

18 

47  3 

2 

2, 209 

h,067 

190 

4 

57 

794 

OCCUPATIONS 


419 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Matanzas — Continued. 

COLORED  FEMALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Mendez  Capote  _ _ 

334 

118 

76 

140 

Palmillas  _  .  _  . . 

1,817 

234 

21 

1 

183 

1,378 

Perico . - . . .  - 

1,107 

160 

1 

67 

879 

Roque  . - . . 

'947 

144 

1 

74 

728 

Sabanilla  ..  .  .  _  . . 

1,121 

8 

6 

86 

1,021 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

L670 

75 

3 

35 

1,557 

Santa  Ana  .  _ _ 

537 

10 

'527 

Union  de  Reyes . . 

1,373 

93 

1 

28 

174 

1,077 

The  province _ 

42,975 

4,160 

38 

774 

9 

6,509 

31,485 

Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 
TOTAL  POPULATION. 


Artemisa . - 

9.317 

2,574 

241 

263 

17 

786 

5,436 

Bahia  Honda . . 

,',117 

425 

55 

47 

2 

211 

1,377 

Cabanas _ _ _  _ _ 

3, 853 

973 

71 

173 

6 

459 

2, 171 

Candelaria . . 

4,866 

1,466 

97 

94 

16 

292 

2,901 

Consolacion  del  Norte  . . 

7,399 

1,893 

86 

77 

12 

677 

4,654 

Consolacion  del  Sur . . 

16,665 

4,099 

328 

319 

35 

1,097 

10, 787 

Guanajay. . 

8,796 

971 

473 

565 

43 

1,146 

5,598 

Guane - - - 

14, 760 

5,884 

376 

219 

26 

255 

8,000 

Guayabal _ 

2,710 

767 

37 

29 

8 

246 

1,623 

Julian  Diaz. .  . 

1.871 

753 

23 

9 

1 

16 

1,069 

Los  Palacios - - 

2,456 

598 

91 

52 

6 

265 

1,441 

Mantua . . . 

8,366 

2,756 

219 

94 

9 

.351 

4,937 

Mariel  . . . . . 

3, 631 

814 

151 

122 

6 

355 

2,  ms 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

38,343 

9,696 

1,214 

992 

119 

2,721 

23, 601 

City  of  Pinar  del  ldo . 

8,880 

13 

968 

85h 

98 

2,053 

It,  89h 

San  Cristobal . . 

4,263 

1,035 

139 

76 

21 

374 

2,618 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

2,419 

886 

38 

42 

8 

70 

1,375 

San  Diego  de  Nunez  . . 

1,137 

290 

11 

16 

154 

666 

San  Juali  y  Martinez _ _ 

14;  787 

5, 401 

257 

143 

21 

537 

8,428 

San  Luis . . . 

7,608 

2,349 

172 

108 

25 

147 

4,807 

Vinales  . . — 

17, 700 

5,067 

353 

195 

18 

540 

11,527 

The  province . . 

173,064 

48,697 

4,432 

3,635 

399 

10, 699 

105,202 

/ 


TOTAL  MALES. 


Artemisa . . . 

5,013 

2,569 

241 

258 

16 

610 

1,289 

Bahia  Honda .  . . . . 

1,003 

416 

55 

42 

2 

161 

327 

Cabanas _ _ 

2,143 

973 

71 

172 

5 

441 

481 

Candelaria  .. . . 

2, 620 

1,466 

97 

85 

14 

222 

736 

Consolacion  del  Norte . .. 

3, 945 

1,885 

86 

62 

10 

.534 

1,368 

Consolacion  del  Sur . . 

8,555 

4,099 

327 

318 

27 

984 

2, 800 

Guanajay.  . . 

4,205 

971 

469 

502 

38 

860 

1,365 

Guane _ _ 

8, 400 

5,865 

376 

215 

25 

103 

1,816 

Guayabal . . . 

1,439 

767 

37 

28 

6 

193 

408 

Julian  Diaz _ _ _ _ 

983 

752 

23 

9 

1 

15 

183 

Los  Palacios . . 

1,303 

596 

91 

45 

5 

226 

340 

Mantua _ _ _ 

4, 537 

2, 755 

218 

86 

9 

218 

1,251 

Mariel . . 

1,802 

814 

149 

116 

5, 

219 

499 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

20, 082 

9,683 

1,183 

816 

112 

1,563 

6,  725 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio _ 

It,  256 

13 

938 

687 

91 

1,120 

1, 507 

San  Cristobal . . . . . 

2,276 

1,035 

139 

69 

19 

281 

733 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

1,302 

860 

38 

40 

7 

34 

323 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . . 

572 

288 

11 

13 

124 

136 

San  Juan  y  Martinez  _ 

8,170 

5, 380 

257 

139 

21 

1.53 

2,220 

San  Luis. . 

3,988 

2,331 

169 

107 

22 

74 

1,285 

Vinales . . 

9, 350 

5,047 

353 

191 

15 

315 

3;  429 

The  province . . 

91, 688 

48,552 

4,390 

3,313 

359 

7,360 

27,714 

420 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1809. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio — Continued. 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas . . . 

Candelaria . . . 

Consolacion  del  Norte  . . 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Guanajay . 

Guane . . 

Guayabal . 

Julian  Diaz . . 

Los  Palacios . 

Mantua . . 

Mariel . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal . . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  . 
San  Diego  de  Nunez  .... 
San  Juan  y  Martinez  ... 

San  Luis . . 

Vinales . 

The  province . . 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

4,304 

5 

5 

1 

146 

4,147 

1.114 

9 

5 

50 

1  050 

1,710 

1 

1 

18 

1  690 

2,  240 

9 

2 

70 

2,165 

3,454 

8 

15 

2 

143 

3,286 

8,110 

1 

1 

8 

113 

7,987 

4,591 

4 

63 

5 

286 

4,233 

6, 360 

19 

4 

1 

152 

6,184 

1.271 

1 

2 

53 

1  215 

'888 

1 

1 

886 

1,153 

2 

7 

1 

39 

1,104 

3.829 

1 

1 

8 

133 

3, 686 

1.829 

2 

6 

1 

136 

1.684 

18,261 

13 

31 

176 

7 

1.158 

16, 876 

A,  62 A 

30 

167 

7 

933 

3,1*87 

1 . 987 

7 

2 

93 

1,885 

1.117 

26 

2 

1 

36 

1,052 

565 

2 

3 

30 

530 

6.617 

21 

4 

384 

6,208 

3,620 

18 

3 

1 

3 

73 

3,522 

8,350 

20 

4 

3 

225 

8,098 

81,376 

145 

42 

322 

40 

3,339 

77,488 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Artemisa . 

5,757 

1,596 

98 

141 

14 

308 

3,600 

Bahia  Honda . . 

803 

235 

24 

16 

2 

8 

518 

Cabanas  . . 

1,313 

472 

40 

82 

4 

7 

708 

Candelaria . 

2.939 

939 

44 

43 

12 

92 

1,809 

Consolacion  del  N orte _ 

5,233 

1,190 

30 

39 

7 

525 

3,442 

Consolacion  del  Sur . . . . 

9, 842 

2,597 

118 

141 

29 

321 

6,636 

Guanajay . 

5, 646 

605 

223 

299 

32 

590 

3,897 

Guane  . . . 

11.023 

4,226 

148 

93 

18 

114 

6,424 

Guayabal . 

1.882 

487 

21 

18 

6 

135 

1,215 

Julian  Diaz _ _ 

1,060 

1.473 

444 

9 

3 

7 

597 

Los  Palacios . 

411 

32 

27 

3 

114 

886 

Mantua . . 

6,471 

2,012 

108 

51 

6 

258 

4,036 

Mariel . - 

2, 151 

524 

101 

73 

3 

65 

1.385 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

26,023 

6,323 

401 

437 

86 

1,136 

17,640 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio _ 

U,  908 

8 

301* 

371 

73 

782 

3,370 

San  Cristobal . . 

2,822 

669 

79 

45 

16 

209 

1,804 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

1,760 

610 

24 

14 

6 

42 

1,064 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

458 

183 

5 

3 

5 

262 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . . 

10, 202 

3,318 

76 

55 

14 

301 

6  438 

San  Luis . 

5,164 

1,534 

72 

41 

17 

53 

3,447 

Vinales . . 

12.885 

3,482 

134 

96 

10 

139 

9,024 

The  province . 

114,907 

31,857 

N. 

CO 

*>■ 

rt 

1,717 

285 

4,429 

74,832 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Artemisa . 

2,978 

1.594 

98 

140 

13 

277 

856 

Bahia  Honda . 

401 

235 

24 

12 

2 

128 

Cabanas . . . 

754 

472 

40 

82 

3 

157 

Candelaria . 

1,549 

939 

44 

41 

11 

79 

435 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

2, 720 

1,187 

30 

28 

5 

468 

1,002 

Consolacion  del  Sur . . . 

4,947 

2,597 

117 

141 

21 

301 

1,770 

Guanajay . 

2.593 

605 

223 

262 

29 

525 

949 

Guane . 

5,987 

4,211 

148 

91 

18 

37 

1,482 

Guayabal . . . 

949 

487 

21 

17 

4 

118 

302 

J ulian  Diaz . . . 

551 

443 

9 

3 

7 

89 

Los  Palacios . 

770 

409 

32 

OO 

Mv 

2 

106 

199 

Mantua .  . 

3,372 

2,011 

107 

44 

6 

179 

1,025 

Mariel . - . 

1,088 

524 

100 

69 

2 

54 

339 

OCCUPATIONS 


421 


Table  XXI Y — Continued. 

Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

12, 940 

6,317 

396 

347 

81 

809 

4,990 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio - 

2,175 

8 

299 

283 

68 

555 

962 

San  Cristobal _ 

1,468 

669 

79 

41 

14 

176 

489 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

917 

600 

24 

12 

5 

34 

242 

San  Diego  de  Nunez - 

248 

181 

5 

2 

5 

55 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

5,273 

3,303 

76 

53 

14 

98 

1,729 

San  Luis . 

2, 601 

1,520 

71 

41 

14 

25 

930 

Vinales . . 

6,467 

3,470 

134 

94 

9 

65 

2,695 

The  province _ _ 

58,573 

31, 774 

1,778 

1,542 

253 

3,363 

19,863 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas  - . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte  . 

Consolacion  del  Sur - 

Guana]  ay . 

Guane . . 

Guayabal. . . 

Julian  Diaz . . 

Los  Palacios . 

Mantua . . - 

Mariel . . . 

Pinar  del  Rio - 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 

San  Cristobal. . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos 
San  Diego  de  Nunez 
San  Juan  y  Martinez  .. 

San  Luis . 

Vinales . . 

The  province . 


2, 779 

2 

1 

1 

31 

402 

4 

8 

559 

1 

7 

1,390 

2 

1 

13 

2;  513 

3 

11 

2 

57 

4,895 

i 

8 

20 

3, 053 

37 

3 

65 

5'  036 

15 

2 

77 

933 

1 

2 

17 

509 

1 

703 

2 

5 

1 

8 

3, 099 

1 

1 

7 

79 

1,063 

1 

4 

1 

11 

13, 083 

6 

5 

90 

5 

327 

2,733 

5 

88 

5 

227 

1,354 

4 

2 

as 

843 

10 

2 

1 

8 

210 

2 

1 

4,929 

15 

2 

203 

2;  563 

14 

1 

3 

28 

6,418 

12 

2 

1 

74 

56,334 

83 

9 

175 

32 

1,066 

2, 744 
390 
551 
1,374 
2,440 
4,866 
2, 948 
4,942 
913 
508 
687 
3,011 
1, 046 
12, 650 
2,h08 
1, 315 
822 
207 
4,709 
2,517 
6,329 


54,969 


TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Artemisa  - - 

470 

221 

123 

23 

1 

36 

66 

Bahia  Honda _  - 

62 

28 

21 

3 

10 

Cabanas . . . . 

153 

76 

27 

21 

2 

27 

Candelaria . . . 

221 

118 

40 

14 

4 

1 

44 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

331 

172 

51 

12 

4 

44 

48 

Consolacion  del  Sur  . . . . .  _ 

664 

357 

174 

44 

6 

83 

Guanaiay . . 

667 

90 

199 

50 

10 

139 

179 

Guane . . 

1,177 

708 

200 

92 

7 

67 

103 

Guayabal . - . . 

240 

72 

13 

6 

2 

78 

69 

Julian  Diaz . 

46 

22 

14 

1 

1 

2 

6 

Los  Palacios . 

87 

27 

43 

4 

3 

10 

Mantua . 

468 

271 

103 

32 

1 

39 

22 

Mariel  . . . 

142 

66 

36 

6 

3 

2 

29 

Pinar  del  Rio . . 

2, 759 

1,126 

681 

156 

29 

ass 

432 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio _ 

1,025 

h 

5U6 

123 

21 

15K 

187 

San  Cristobal . . 

152 

77 

51 

6 

5 

13 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

75 

35 

13 

6 

2 

19 

San  Diego  de  Nunez  . . 

45 

30 

5 

4 

6 

San  Juan  y  Martinez _  .. 

1,300 

975 

162 

40 

7 

18 

98 

San  Luis .  . 

477 

281 

85 

28 

4 

2 

77 

Vinales . . . 

1,182 

554 

193 

44 

8 

225 

158 

The  province . 

10, 718 

5, 306 

2,234 

592 

99 

988 

1,499 

422 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXI Y — Continued. 

Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio— Continued. 
FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Artemisa . . 

421 

221 

123 

22 

1 

33 

21 

Bahia  Honda . 

52 

28 

21 

3 

* 

Cabanas  _ . . . 

127 

76 

27 

21 

2 

1 

Candelaria . . . 

188 

118 

40 

14 

3 

13 

Consolacion  del  Norte  _ . 

291 

172 

51 

12 

4 

44 

8 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

589 

357 

174 

44 

6 

8 

Guanajay . . . 

501 

90 

195 

50 

8 

136 

,‘22 

Guane  . 

1,085 

707 

200 

92 

r f 

i 

66 

13 

Guayabal _ _ 

184 

72 

13 

6 

2 

75 

16 

Julian  Diaz . 

42 

22 

14 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Los  Palacios . . 

82 

27 

43 

4 

3 

5 

Mantua . 

447 

271 

103 

32 

1 

39 

1 

Mariel . . . 

114 

66 

36 

6 

3 

3 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

2,435 

1.125 

657 

152 

27 

326 

148 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio _ 

86!, 

A 

522 

110 

10 

137 

63 

San  Cristobal _ 

144 

77 

51 

6 

5 

5 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  . . 

61 

35 

13 

6 

2 

5 

San  Diego  de  Nunez _ 

39 

30 

5 

4 

San  Juan  y  Martinez _ 

1,212 

975 

162 

39 

7 

12 

17 

San  Luis _ 

407 

281 

83 

28 

4 

11 

Vinales . 

1,026 

552 

193 

43 

6 

221 

11 

The  province _ _ _ 

9,447 

5,302 

2,204 

585 

92 

954 

310 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas  . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Guanajay . . . 

Guane . 

Guayabal . . 

Julian  Diaz . 

Los  Palacios . 

Mantua . 

Mariel . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio. . 

San  Cristobal. . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  ... 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

San  Luis . 

Vinales . 

The  province . 


49 

10 

26 

33 

40 

75 

166 

92 

56 

4 

5 
21 
28 

324 

161 

8 

14 

6 
88 
70 

156 


1,271 


1 

3 

1 

1 

4 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

• 

2 

9 

7 

1 

24 

2U 

4 

U 

2 

Q 

& 

1 

6 

2 

4 

2 

9 

1 

2 

4 

30 

p? 

i 

7 

34 

45 

10 

26 

31 

40 

75 

157 

90 

53 

4 

5 
21 
26 

284 

12U 

8 

14 

6 
81 
66 

147 


1.189 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas  . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte  . . 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Guanajay . 

Guane . 

Guayabal . 

Julian  Diaz . 

Los  Palacios . 

M&ntua . 

Mariel . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 


TOTAL  COLORED. 


3,090 

757 

20 

99 

9 

442 

1,770 

1,252 

162 

10 

28 

203 

819 

2,387 

425 

4 

70 

. 

452 

1,436 

1,  706 

409 

13 

37 

199 

1,018 

1,835 

531 

5 

26 

1 

108 

1,164 

6,159 

1,145 

36 

134 

776 

4, 068 

2.483 

276 

51 

216 

1 

417 

1,522 

2, 560 

950 

28 

34 

1 

74 

1,473 

588 

208 

3 

5 

33 

339 

765 

287 

5 

7 

466 

896 

160 

16 

21 

151 

548 

1,  127 

473 

8 

11 

9 

54 

879 

1.338 

224 

14 

43 

. 

288 

769 

9,561 

2.247 

132 

399 

4 

1,250 

5,529 

2,01,7 

1 

118 

360 

U 

1,127 

1,737 

OCCUPATIONS 


423 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio — Continued. 

TOTAL  COLORED— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


1 

Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

i 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

San  Cristobal _ _ _ _ 

1,289 

289 

9 

25 

165 

801 

Sa.ti  Diego  de  los  Ran  os  _ 

584 

241 

1 

22 

28 

292 

San  Diego  de  Nunez  .. 

634 

77 

1 

9 

149 

398 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . . 

3,285 

1,108 

19 

48 

. 

218 

1,892 

San  Luis . 

1,967 

534 

15 

39 

4 

92 

1,283 

Vinales  _ _ _ _ 

3,633 

1,031 

26 

55 

'  176 

2,345 

The  province . 

47,439 

11,534 

411 

1,326 

15 

5,282 

28,871 

COLORED  MALES. 


Artemisa . 

1,614 

754 

Bahia  Honda . 

550 

153 

Cabanas. . 

1,262 

425 

Candelaria. . . 

883 

409 

Consolacion  del  Norte _ 

934 

526 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

3,019 

1,145 

Guana  jay . 

1,111 

276 

Guane. . . 

1,328 

947 

Guayabal . . . . 

306 

208 

Julian  Diaz  . . 

390 

287 

Los  Palacios . . . 

451 

.160 

Mantua . 

718 

473 

Mariel . . 

600 

224 

Pinar  del  Rio - - 

4,707 

2,241 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio . 

1,217 

1 

San  Cristobal . . . . 

664 

289 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

324 

225 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

285 

77 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

1.685 

1,102 

San  Luis . . 

980 

530 

Vinales . 

1,857 

1,025 

The  province _ _ 

23,668 

11,476 

20 

96 

2 

330 

412 

10 

27 

161 

199 

4 

69 

441 

323 

13 

30 

143 

288 

5 

22 

1 

22 

358 

36 

133 

683 

1,022 

51 

190 

1 

199 

394 

28 

32 

321 

3 

5 

90 

5 

6 

92 

16 

19 

120 

13H 

8 

10 

2 

225 

13 

41 

165 

157 

130 

317 

4 

428 

1,587 

117 

285 

4 

4  28 

382 

9 

22 

105 

239 

1 

22 

76 

1 

7 

119 

81 

19 

47 

43 

474 

15 

38 

4 

49 

344 

26 

54 

29 

723 

4C8 

1,186 

14 

3,043 

7,541 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas. . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte.. 
Consolacion  del  Sur.... 

Guana  jay . 

Guane . 

Guayabal . . 

Julian  Diaz . 

Los  Palacios . 

M&ntua .. . 

Mariel . . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos. 
San  Diego  de  Nunez ... . 
San  Juan  y  Martinez. .. 

San  Luis . 

Vinales . 

The  province . 


1.476 

3 

3 

702 

9 

1 

1,125 

1 

823 

rr 

i 

901 

5 

4 

3,140 

1 

1,372 

26 

L232 

3 

2 

1 

282 

375 

445 

2 

709 

1 

7:18 

1 

2 

4, 854 

6 

2 

'  82 

1,730 

.... 

1 

75 

625 

3 

260 

16 

349 

2 

1,600 

6 

1 

'987 

4 

1 

1,776 

6 

1 

23,771 

58 

3 

140 

*1 

112 

42 
11 
56 
86 
93 

218 

74 

as 

l 

31 

54 

123 

822 

699 

60 

28 

30 

175 

43 
147 


i,a58 
650 
1,113 
760 
806 
3,046 
1, 128 
1, 152 
249 
374 
412 
654 
612 
3, 942 
955 
562 
216 
317 
1,418 
939 
1,622 


21,330 


424 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Puerto  Principe. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts.  ^ 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

9,801 

2,285 

219 

262 

24 

538 

6,473 

Moron  . 

9,630 

2,296 

237 

172 

15 

469 

6,441 

Nue  vitas . 

10,355 

2,592 

512 

457 

40 

1,023 

5, 731 

Puerto  Principe . 

53.140 

8,547 

1,857 

2,615 

271 

5,296 

34,554 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 

25, 102 

G89 

1,415 

2,222 

233 

3,879 

m,  nou 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . . 

5,308 

1,338 

179 

198 

9 

371 

3,213 

The  province . 

88,234 

17,058 

3,094 

3,704 

359 

7,697 

56,412 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

4,979 

2,282 

218 

210 

21 

223 

2, 025 

Moron . . . 

4,922 

2.293 

235 

109 

14 

388 

1,883 

Nue  vitas . 

5.888 

2,590 

510 

425 

32 

445 

1,886 

Puerto  Principe . 

26,225 

8,533 

1,813 

2,119 

221 

2,905 

10,634 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

10,912 

683 

1,371 

1,87k 

189 

2,317 

4,478 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

2,885 

1,332 

178 

120 

4 

132 

1,119 

The  province . . 

44,899 

17,030 

2,954 

2,983 

292 

4,093 

17,547 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

4,822 

3 

1 

52 

3 

315 

4,448 

Moron . 

4.708 

3 

2 

63 

1 

81 

4,558 

Nue  vitas . 

4.467 

2 

2 

32 

8 

578 

3,845 

Puerto  Principe . 

26, 915 

14 

44 

496 

50 

2.391 

23,920 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

14, 190 

6 

44 

345 

44 

1,562 

12, 186 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

2,423 

6 

1 

78 

5 

239 

2,094 

The  province . 

43,335 

28 

50 

721 

67 

3,604 

38,865 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

8,034 

1,820 

123 

150 

12 

374 

5,555 

Moron . 

8,436 

1.931 

169 

128 

9 

442 

5, 757 

Nuevitas . 

7,121 

1.354 

298 

20(5 

26 

'  534 

4,703 

Puerto  Principe . 

39,196 

6,486 

1,149 

1,181 

192 

2,638 

27,550 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

16, 505 

4  63 

889 

969 

167 

1,832 

12, 185 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

3,562 

905 

122 

89 

6 

152 

2,288 

The  province . 

66,349 

12,496 

1,861 

1,754 

245 

4,140 

45,853 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

3,999 

1,818 

123 

114 

9 

202 

1.735 

Moron . 

4,2(59 

1,929 

167 

6(3 

8 

388 

1,711 

Nuevitas . 

3, 615 

1,353 

298 

186 

20 

206 

1 , 552 

Puerto  Principe . 

18,808 

6,474 

1,122 

865 

150 

1,630 

8,567 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

6,  764 

4  58 

862 

769 

131 

1,301 

3,  2k 3 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

1,884 

899 

122 

38 

3 

26 

796 

The  province . 

32, 5 1  o 

12,473 

1,832 

1,269 

190 

2,452 

14,359 

OCCUPATIONS.- 


425 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Puerto  Principe— Continued. 
NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

4,035 

4,167 

2 

36 

3 

172 

3,822 

4,046 

Moron  - . 

2 

2 

62 

1 

54 

Nuevitas- . 

3,506 
20, 388 

1 

20 

6 

328 

3,151 

18,983 

Puerto  Principe . - . 

12 

27 

316 

42 

1,008 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 

9, 7 hi 

5 

27 

200 

36 

531 

8, 9h2 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

1,678 

6 

51 

3 

126 

1,492 

The  province . . 

33,774 

23 

29 

485 

55 

1,688 

31, 494 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

313 

136 

84 

38 

12 

3 

40 

Moron . 

197 

92 

64 

9 

6 

3 

23 

Nuevitas. . 

970 

446 

169 

91 

13 

142 

109 

Puerto  Principe . . 

2,259 

G60 

570 

166 

52 

452 

359 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

1,283 

72 

h26 

115 

ho 

376 

25k 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

299 

121 

41 

23 

2 

40 

72 

The  province . 

4,038 

1,455 

928 

327 

85 

640 

603 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Ciego  de  Avila _ _ 

283 

136 

84 

38 

12 

13 

Moron _ _ _ 

175 

92 

64 

8 

6 

5 

Nuevitas .  . 

859 

445 

169 

91 

11 

126 

17 

Puerto  Principe . 

1,948 

659 

569 

161 

46 

409 

104 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

1.08k 

72 

h25 

112 

3k 

352 

89 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

234 

121 

41 

21 

1 

37 

13 

The  province . . . 

3,499 

1,453 

927 

319 

76 

572 

152 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Ciego  de  Avila _ 

30 

3 

27 

Moron  _ . .  _ . 

22 

1 

3 

18 

Nuevitas . . 

111 

1 

2 

16 

92 

Puerto  Principe . 

311 

1 

1 

5 

6 

43 

255 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

199 

1 

3 

6 

2k 

165 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

65 

2 

1 

3 

59 

The  province . 

539 

2 

1 

8 

9 

68 

451 

. TOTAL  COLORED. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

1,454 

329 

12 

74 

161 

878 

Moron . 

'997 

273 

4 

35 

24 

661 

Nuevitas . 

2,264 

792 

45 

160 

1 

347 

919 

Puerto  Principe . 

11,685 

1,401 

138 

1,268 

27 

2,206 

6, 645 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 

7,31k 

15k 

100 

1,138 

26 

1,671 

h,  225 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

1,447 

312 

16 

86 

1 

179 

853 

The  province . 

17,847 

3, 107 

215 

1,623 

29 

2, 917 

9,956 

426 


REPORT.  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Puerto  Principe — Continued. 
COLORED  MALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

0 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Ciego  de  Avila . . . 

697 

328 

11 

58 

21 

279 

Moron . 

478 

272 

4 

35 

167 

Nue vitas . 

1,414 

792 

43 

148 

1 

113 

317 

Puerto  Principe . . 

5, 469 

1,400 

122 

1,093 

25 

866 

1,963 

City  of  Puerto  Principe.. . 

3,065 

153 

84 

993 

25 

665 

1.156 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

767 

312 

15 

61 

69 

310 

The  province ... . 

• 

8, 825 

3, 104 

195 

1,395 

26 

1,069 

3,036 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Ciego  do  Avila . . . 

757 

1 

Moron . 

519 

1 

Nue  vitas . . . 

850 

Puerto  Principe . . 

6,216 

1 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  .. 

4, 250 

1 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur _ _ 

680 

The  province  . . 

9,022 

3 

1 

16 

140 

24 

234 

1,340 

1,007 

110 

599 
491 
602 
4,682 
3, 079 
543 

2 

16 

16 

1 

12 

175 

155 

25 

2 

<9 

1 

2J 

228 

3 

1,848 

6,920 

Province  of  Santa  Clara. 
TOTAL  POPULATION. 


Abreus . 

3,995 

1,012 

149 

155 

16 

266 

2,397 

Caibarien . . . 

8, 650 

958 

966 

657 

37 

522 

5,510 

Calabazar . . 

13,419 

4,453 

351 

596 

39 

543 

7,437 

Camajuani . 

14,495 

4,210 

685 

562 

35 

894 

8, 109 

Cartagena . 

6,244 

2, 141 

104 

130 

14 

340 

3,515 

Ceja  de  Pablo. .  . 

6,954 

1,641 

130 

203 

12 

218 

4, 750 

Cienfuegos . -• 

59,128 

12,004 

3,829 

3,942 

359 

5,294 

33, 700 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

30,038 

901 

3,065 

3,221 

295 

5,005 

18,553 

Cifuentes . 

3,825 

986 

102 

162 

17 

200 

2,358 

Cruces . 

7,953 

980 

412 

529 

45 

1,541 

4,446 

Esperanza  . 

7,811 

2,289 

KM 

165 

15 

438 

4, 770 

Palmira . 

6,527 

1,124 

235 

241 

22 

903 

4,002 

Placetas  . . 

11,961 

3,463 

296 

622 

24 

428 

7,128 

Quemado  de  Giiines _ 

8, 890 

2,658 

205 

292 

12 

205 

5,518 

Rancho  Veloz . 

7,532 

2,0.58 

161 

288 

17 

750 

4,258 

Ranchuelo . 

5,059 

834 

171 

168 

14 

546 

3,326 

Rodas . . . 

9,562 

1,907 

296 

263 

35 

1,283 

5,778 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

21,342 

2,049 

1,284 

1,774 

136 

3,899 

12,200 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande  . 

12,  728 

152 

932 

1,315 

107 

2,723 

7,599 

San  Antonio  de  las  Yueltas. . 

12, 832 

4, 151 

191 

203 

15 

582 

7,690 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

25, 709 

5,077 

727 

1,310 

103 

1,733 

16,759 

City  of  Sa7icti  Spiritus  . . . 

12, 696 

755 

553 

1,112 

S4 

1,375 

8,828 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

5,369 

2, 004 

77 

40 

11 

94 

3,143 

San  Fernando . 

6,445 

1,988 

67 

100 

7 

587 

3,6i>6 

San  .Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

5, 600 

1,419 

87 

101 

8 

465 

3,520 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  . .. 

14,833 

3,056 

416 

798 

55 

1,719 

8,789 

Santa  Clara .  . 

28,437 

6, 774 

1,073 

1,356 

191 

2,444 

16,599 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

13,  763 

526 

972 

1,257 

178 

2,289 

8,551 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas _ 

9, 603 

2,146 

288 

&58 

31 

1,623 

5, 1.57 

Santo  Domingo . 

10,372 

3,385 

279 

249 

26 

587 

5, 846 

Trinidad . . 

24, 271 

4,440 

592 

1,169 

86 

2, 129 

15, 855 

City  of  Trinidad . 

11,120 

367 

395 

915 

67 

1,205 

8, 173 

Yaguajay . 

9,718 

2,744 

292 

384 

27 

603 

5, 668 

The  province . 

356,536 

81,951 

13,599 

16,817 

1,409 

30,836 

211,924 

OCCUPATIONS 


427 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 


Province  of  Santa  Clara— Continued. 
TOTAL  MALES. 


[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

•  * 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Abreus . . 

2,112 

980 

148 

148 

12 

215 

Caibarien - - - 

4, 506 

952 

964 

640 

29 

389 

Calabazar . 

7,552 

4,303 

.  350 

575 

33 

270 

Camajuani . . - . 

8,407 

4, 196 

679 

533 

31 

685 

Cartagena . . 

3, 553 

2,112 

103 

129 

11 

306 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

3,486 

1,564 

129 

203 

10 

191 

Cienfuegos  -  -  - . -  - . -  -  - 

32, 173 

11,729 

3, 798 

3,562 

272 

3,492 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

lk, 589 

891 

3,038 

2,869 

220 

2,510 

Cifuentes . . 

1,938 

936 

102 

146 

11 

74 

Cruces . . 

4,170 

964 

408 

394 

33 

1,166 

Esperanza . -- 

4,145 

2,284 

134 

162 

9 

344 

Palmira. . 

3,569 

1,124 

233 

241 

17 

778 

Placetas.. . . . 

6,481 

3,449 

295 

593 

21 

321 

Quemado  de  Giimes. . 

4,762 

2,579 

203 

290 

8 

115 

Rancho  Veloz . . 

4,024 

2,045 

161 

197 

12 

397 

Ranchuelo . . 

2,521 

t  831 

170 

164 

9 

469 

Rodas.-. . . . . 

5,367 

1,902 

295 

263 

25 

1,182 

Sagua  la  Grande . . 

10,907 

2,004 

1,277 

1,587 

92 

2,634 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande  . 

6, 163 

150 

926 

1,161 

78 

1, 7k9 

San  Antonio  las  Vueltas - 

7,121 

4,137 

191 

201 

10 

510 

Sancti  Spiritus . . . 

12,046 

5,010 

718 

1,028 

91 

854 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus  ... 

5,030 

7k5 

5k0 

868 

7k 

632 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

2,896 

1,993 

77 

40 

8 

65 

San  Fernando . — 

3, 742 

1,988 

67 

100 

5 

559 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  . . . 

2,938 

1,402 

87 

100 

3 

447 

San  J uan  de  los  Remedios  . . . 

7,605 

3,044 

413 

655 

45 

1,253 

Santa  Clara _ _ _ 

14,582 

6, 757 

1,063 

1,140 

136 

1,500 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

6, 262 

521 

962 

l,0kl 

130 

1,38  k 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 

5,606 

2,146 

287 

356 

29 

1,514 

Santo  Domingo . 

5,496 

3,327 

274 

219 

21 

243 

Trinidad . . . . . . 

11,688 

4,367 

586 

1,113 

65 

1,698 

City  of  Trinidad . 

k  ,516 

36k 

392 

86k 

51 

880 

Yaguajay . 

5,664 

2, 741 

291 

381 

21 

519 

The  province . 

189,057 

80,866 

13,503 

15, 160 

* 

1,069 

22, 190 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . . 

Calabazar . . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza . 

Palmira . 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  do  Guinea . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande  . . . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande  . 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus  . . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  . . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios--. 

Santa  Clara . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 
Santo  Domingo . 


1,883 

32 

1 

IV 

7 

4 

51 

4,144 

6 

2 

17 

8 

133 

5, 867 

150 

1 

21 

6 

273 

6, 088 

14 

6 

29 

4 

209 

2,691 

29 

1 

1 

3 

34 

3,  468 

77 

1 

2 

27 

26, 955 

275 

31 

380 

87 

1,802 

15,  kk9 

10 

27 

352 

7k 

1,  k9k 

1,887 

50 

16 

6 

126 

3, 783 

16 

4 

135 

12 

375 

3, 666 

5 

3 

6 

94 

2, 958 

2 

5 

125 

5, 480 

14 

1 

29 

3 

107 

4,128 

79 

hi 

2 

4 

90 

3,508 

13 

91 

5 

353 

2, 538 

3 

1 

4 

5 

77 

4, 195 

5 

1 

10 

101 

10,435 

45 

7 

187 

44 

1,265 

6,565 

2 

6 

15k 

29 

97  k 

5,711 

14 

2 

5 

72 

13, 663 

67 

9 

282 

12 

879 

7,666 

9 

3 

2kk 

10 

74  3 

2,473 

11 

3 

29 

2, 703 

2 

28 

2, 662 

17 

1 

5 

18 

7,228 

12 

3 

143 

10 

466 

13, 855 

17 

10 

216 

55 

944 

7,501 

5 

10 

216 

IS 

905 

3,997 

1 

2' 

2 

109 

4,876 

58 

5 

30 

5 

344 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 


609 
1,532 
2,021 
2,283 
892 
1,389 
9,320 
5,061 
669 
1,205 
1,212 
1,176 
1,802 
1,567 
1,212 
878 
1,700 
3.313 
2,099 
2,072 
4,345 
2,171 
713 
1,023 
899 
2, 195 
3,986 
2,22k 
1,274 
1,412 
3,859 
1,965 
1,711 


56, 269 


1,788 
3,978 
5, 416 

5.826 
2,623 
3,361 

24,380 

13,  k92 
1,689 
3,241 
3,558 

2. 826 
5,326 
3,951 
3,046 
2,448 
4,078 
8,887 
5,  kOO 
5, 618 

12, 414 
6, 657 
2,430 
2, 673 
2,621 
6, 594 

12,613 

6,317 

3,883 

4,434 


428 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899 
Table  XXIY — Continued. 


Province  of  Santa  Clara — Continued. 

TOTAL  FEMALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.! 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Trinidad . 

12,583 

73 

6 

56 

21 

431 

11,996 

City  of  Trinidad . 

6,604 

3 

2 

51 

16 

32k 

6, 208 

Yaguajay . 

4, 054 

3 

1 

3 

6 

84 

3,957 

The  province . . 

167,479 

1,085 

96 

1,657 

340 

8,646 

155, 655 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Abreus . 

2,227 

454 

58 

70 

8 

58 

1,579 

Caibarien . 

5,620 

537 

410 

348 

17 

154 

4.154 

Calabazar . 

7,600 

2,222 

107 

1C3 

15 

98 

4,992 

Camajuani . 

7,933 

1,863 

166 

201 

21 

62 

5,620 

Cartagena . 

3. 852 

1.146 

43 

64 

13 

160 

2,426 

Ceja  de  Pablo  ... . . . 

4.190 

960 

51 

111 

9 

46 

3,013 

Cienfuegos . . . . . 

32,209 

5, 4437 

1 ,  o4o 

1,769 

227 

1,472 

21,759 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

15,  735 

334 

1,260 

1,433 

175 

1,038 

11,430 

Cifuentes . . 

2,450 

558 

42 

109 

12 

51 

1,678 

Cruces .  . . 

4, 084 

439 

167 

261 

35 

415 

2, 767 

Esperanza . 

5, 602 

1,494 

65 

72 

10 

371 

3, 590 

Palmira . 

3,238 

561 

112 

107 

14 

18 

2,426 

Placetas . . . 

7,214 

1,795 

116 

225 

15 

159 

4,904 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

5,737 

1,540 

76 

135 

9 

72 

3,905 

Rancho  Velos . 

3. 823 

937 

50 

152 

10 

170 

2,  .504 

Ranchuelo . 

3,067 

483 

93 

87 

13 

212 

2,179 

Rodas . 

5.427 

1,000 

109 

107 

26 

391 

3,794 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

11,709 

1,078 

482 

883 

97 

1,148 

8,021 

City  of  Saqua  la  Grande.. 

7,045 

68 

350 

643 

75 

863 

5,041 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

9,363 

2,600 

72 

86 

9 

242 

6,354 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

18,738 

3,896 

423 

575 

82 

823 

12,939 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus  . . . 

8,170 

509 

336 

433 

65 

551 

6,226 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

4,098 

1.508 

31 

18 

11 

36 

2, 494 

San  Fernando . 

4,176 

1.112 

41 

60 

6 

262 

2,695 

San  J  uan  de  las  Y eras . . 

4,105 

856 

41 

62 

8 

458 

2,680 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  . . . 

•  9,094 

1.799 

155 

384 

43 

584 

6, 129 

Santa  Clara. . 

18,300 

4.242 

545 

621 

150 

970 

11,772 

City  of  Santa  Clara  . . 

8,276 

315 

4  85 

566 

137 

343 

5,330 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 

4,872 

1,059 

154 

156 

12 

562 

2,929 

Santo  Domingo . 

7,000 

2,251 

141 

147 

15 

176 

4,270 

Trinidad . 

13, 746 

2,608 

365 

441 

63 

1.044 

9,225 

City  of  Trinidad . 

5,473 

218 

250 

321 

51 

4  66 

4 ,167 

Yaguajay . 

5,471 

1,412 

116 

148 

17 

74 

3,704 

The  province . . 

214,945 

45,847 

5,776 

7,565 

967 

10,288 

144,502 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Abreus . . 

1,047 

4.53 

58 

70 

6 

53 

407 

Caibarien . . 

2, 599 

535 

410 

337 

10 

131 

1,176 

Calabazar . 

3,938 

2,207 

107 

162 

10 

73 

1,379 

Camajuani . 

4.000 

1.856 

164 

188 

17 

13 

1,762 

Cartagena . . 

2,035 

1,145 

42 

64 

10 

157 

617 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

2. 109 

952 

50 

111 

rt 

7 

44 

945 

Cienfuegos . 

16, 028 

5,374 

1,537 

1,609 

169 

1,164 

6, 175 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

7,04.5 

SS4 

1,252 

1,287 

ISO 

836 

3,206 

Cifuentes . 

1,206 

548 

42 

100 

rr 

i 

29 

480 

Cruces . . . 

1.951 

438 

167 

195 

25 

a59 

767 

2,892 

1,491 

65 

70 

5 

344 

917 

1,559 

561 

111 

107 

10 

11 

759 

Placetas  . 

3, 559 

1,786 

116 

202 

12 

123 

1.320 

Quemado  de  Guines  . . 

2, 893 

1,539 

75 

134 

6 

34 

1,105 

Rancho  Veloz . 

1,917 

936 

50 

86 

6 

113 

726 

Ranchuelo . 

1,449 

481 

92 

86 

9 

199 

582 

Rodas . 

2,  764 

998 

108 

107 

16 

378 

1,157 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

5,582 

1,069 

479 

806 

61 

973 

2,194 

City  of  Saqua  la  Grande  • 

3, 186 

67 

343 

591 

53 

709 

1,413 

Sau  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

4,780 

2,591 

72 

85 

4 

226 

1,802 

OCCUPATIONS 


429 


Table  XXIV— Continued. 

Province  of  Santa  Clara— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Sancti-Spiritus . . 

8, 770 

3,871 

423 

408 

73 

588 

3,407 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus  . . . 

3, 166 

505 

336 

350 

58 

366 

1,561 

San  Diego  del  Valle  . . . 

2, 163 

1,500 

31 

18 

8 

28 

578 

San  Fernando _ _ _ 

2, 242 

1,112 

41 

60 

4 

254 

771 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras _ 

2,094 

842 

41 

61 

3 

447 

700 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  .... 

4,355 

1,792 

154 

284 

37 

495 

1,593 

Santa  Clara. . . . - 

8,994 

4,231 

541 

489 

98 

785 

2,850 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

-  3, 501 

311 

5  81 

434 

92 

669 

1,514 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas - 

2,683 

1,059 

154 

156 

10 

539 

765 

Santo  Domingo . . 

3, 591 

2,236 

138 

128 

10 

59 

1,020 

Trinidad . . 

6, 688 

2, 591 

364 

414 

43 

973 

2,303 

City  of  Trinidad . . 

3,250 

217 

250 

298 

36 

528 

1,021 

Y^guajay . . 

2, 883 

1,412 

115 

145 

11 

52 

1,148 

The  province  . . . 

106, 771 

45,606 

5, 747 

6,682 

687 

8,644 

39,405 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar. . 

Camajuani- . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . . . 

Cruces . . . . 

Esperanza  . 

Palmira  . . . 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  de  Giiines . 

Rancho  Veloz . . . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rod  as . 

Sagua  la  Grande . . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande.. 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus  . . . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  . . . 

Santa  Clara . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad  . . . 

City  of  Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 

The  province . 


Abreus . 

Caibarien  . . i _ 

Calabazar... . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cifuentes . . . 

Cruces . 


1,180 

1 

2 

5 

1,172 

3;  021 

2 

11 

7 

23 

2;  978 

3, 662 

15 

4 

5 

25 

3,613 

3,933 

7 

2 

13 

4 

49 

3,858 

1,817 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1,809 

2, 081 

8 

1 

2 

2 

2,068 

16, 181 

63 

8 

160 

58 

308 

15,584 

8, 690 

8 

151 

45 

202 

8,285 

1,244 

10 

9 

5 

22 

1,198 

2,133 

1 

66 

10 

56 

2,000 

2, 710 

3 

2 

5 

27 

2,673 

1,679 

1 

4 

7 

1,667 

3, 655 

9 

23 

3 

36 

3;  584 

2,844 

1 

i 

1 

3 

38 

2, 800 

1,906 

1 

66 

4 

57 

1,778 

1,618 

2 

1 

1 

4 

13 

1,597 

2, 663 

9 

1 

10 

13 

2,637 

6,127 

9 

3 

77 

36 

175 

5,827 

3,859 

1 

2 

57 

22 

155 

3,623 

4,583 

9 

1 

5 

16 

4,552 

9,968 

25 

167 

9 

235 

9,532 

5,004 

4 

153 

7 

185 

5,665 

1.935 

8 

3 

8 

1,916 

1,934 

2 

8 

l’ 924 

2,011 

14 

1 

5 

11 

1,980 

4,739 

7 

1 

100 

6 

89 

4,536 

9,306 

n 

4 

132 

52 

185 

8,922 

4,775 

4 

4 

132 

45 

175 

5,516 

2,189 

2 

23 

2, 164 

3;  409 

15 

3 

19 

5 

117 

3;  250 

7,058 

17 

1 

27 

20 

71 

6,922 

3,223 

1 

23 

15 

38 

3, 156 

2,588 

1 

3 

6 

22 

2,556 

108, 174 

241 

29 

883 

280 

1,644 

105,097 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 

404 

143 

73 

36 

7 

105 

40 

1,068 

147 

465 

115 

17 

137 

187 

1,016 

448 

198 

162 

12 

48 

148 

3,233 

1,212 

394 

138 

13 

690 

786 

504 

389 

48 

14 

1 

23 

29 

215 

90 

57 

29 

3 

36 

6,376 

1,901 

1,951 

574 

103 

911 

936 

3, 585 

178 

1,577 

405 

91 

607 

627 

166 

53 

50 

13 

5 

8 

37 

715 

139 

172 

60 

8 

218 

118 

430 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Santa  Clara — Continued. 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Esperanza . . 

262 

153 

53 

18 

2 

36 

Palmira . 

556 

192 

97 

65 

rt 

i 

163 

32 

Placetas . . . 

1,408 

769 

1.53 

103 

8 

84 

291 

Quemado  de  Giiines . 

511 

223 

99 

87 

3 

25 

74 

Rancho  Veloz . 

474 

248 

80 

47 

6 

2 

91 

Ranchuelo . . 

233 

105 

62 

22 

17 

27 

Rodas . . 

866 

295 

152 

67 

8 

240 

104 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

2,043 

366 

611 

276 

32 

462 

296 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande. . 

1,137 

34 

44  6 

16h 

27 

280 

ISO 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

1,864 

1.089 

106 

54 

6 

175 

434 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

666 

189 

236 

72 

14 

47 

108 

Ci ty  of  Sancti-Spiritus _ 

391 

39 

177 

51 

12 

47 

65 

San  Diego  del  Valle _ 

212 

137 

.33 

3 

32 

San  Fernando . 

594 

287 

26 

27 

1 

164 

89 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

189 

110 

35 

13 

31 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . . . 

1.436 

615 

199 

86 

11 

271 

254 

Santa  Clara . 

1,972 

811 

407 

86 

32 

267 

369 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

915 

4  6 

368 

70 

32 

265 

134 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas _ 

565 

344 

74 

69 

6 

4 

68 

Santo  Domingo . 

431 

218 

98 

31 

9 

5 

70 

Trinidad . . 

539 

203 

171 

35 

18 

32 

80 

City  of  Trinidad . 

247 

17 

113 

15 

13 

32 

57 

Yaguajay . . 

1,305 

465 

148 

86 

10 

341 

255 

The  province . 

29,823 

11,341 

6,248 

2,388 

342 

4,446 

5,058 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . _ . . . 

Oamajuani. . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza . . . 

Palmira . . . 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  de  Giiines.. . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sag\ia  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande.. 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus  ... 

San  Diego  del  Yalle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  J  uan  de  los  Remedios . . _ 

Santa  Clara . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . 

City  of  Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 

The  province . . 


367 

143 

72 

903 

147 

464 

888 

447 

198 

2. 496 

1.209 

390 

486 

389 

48 

185 

90 

57 

5,537 

1,896 

1,932 

2,900 

177 

1, 562 

133 

53 

50 

616 

139 

169 

237 

153 

53 

533 

192 

96 

1.141 

767 

152 

443 

223 

98 

400 

246 

80 

221 

105 

62 

767 

294 

152 

1,768 

:566 

008 

967 

34 

443 

1,463 

1.086 

106 

589 

188 

236 

343 

39 

177 

184 

137 

33 

513 

287 

26 

165 

110 

35 

1,199 

615 

199 

1,658 

811 

402 

807 

4  6 

363 

509 

344 

74 

374 

217 

96 

479 

203 

171 

207 

17 

113 

1,082 

465 

148 

25,336 

11,322 

6, 207 

36 

5 

105 

6 

114 

16 

132 

30 

162 

11 

48 

99 

135 

13 

672 

77 

14 

1 

23 

ii 

29 

3 

6 

560 

87 

871 

101 

393 

75 

o7U 

119 

13 

4 

r* 

i 

6 

60 

6 

217 

25 

18 

9 

11 

65 

6 

162 

12 

103 

8 

4  0 

36 

87 

2 

24 

9 

46 

5 

23 

22 

17 

15 

67 

8 

236 

10 

272 

26 

450 

16 

161 

22 

273 

34 

54 

6 

160 

51 

71 

13 

45 

36 

50 

11 

4 5 

21 

3 

t 

4 

27 

13 

1 

104 

S 

85 

4 

2»i3 

CO 

85 

32 

261 

67 

69 

32 

261 

36 

09 

6 

o 

14 

31 

9 

21 

:u 

18 

32 

21 

1U 

13 

32 

18 

86 

10 

339 

34 

;ioi 

305 

4,312 

829 

OCCUPATIONS 


431 


Table  XXIV.—  Continued. 

Province  of  Santa  Clara — Continued. 
FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Abreus _ 

37 

1 

2 

34 

Oaibarien  _ _  _  _  _ 

165 

1 

1 

i 

5 

157 

Calabazar  _  _ 

128 

1 

i 

126 

Camajuani . . 

737 

3 

4 

3 

18 

709 

Cartagena  _  _  _ 

18 

18 

Cejade  Pablo _ _ 

30 

30 

Cienfuegos . .  ... . 

839 

5 

19 

14 

16 

40 

745 

City  of  Cienfuegos . . . . 

585 

1 

15 

12 

16 

33 

508 

Cifn  en  t.es  _  _  _  _ 

33 

1 

1 

31 

Cruces  _  _  _ 

99 

3 

2 

1 

93 

Esperanza _ _ . _ _ 

25 

25 

Palmira  _  _  _ _ 

23 

1 

i 

1 

20 

Placetas  _  _ _ _ 

267 

2 

1 

9 

255 

Qnemado  do  Giiines .  __  _ 

68 

1 

i 

1 

65 

Rancho  Veloz  _  _ 

74 

2 

1 

i 

2 

68 

Ranchuelo _ 

12 

12 

Rodas 

99 

1 

4 

94 

Sagua  la  Grande  . _  _ . 

275 

3 

4 

6 

12 

250 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande. . 

no 

3 

3 

5 

7 

152 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. . 

401 

3 

15 

383 

Saneti  Rpiritus  _ _ 

i  7 

1 

1 

1 

2 

72 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus. .. 

5  8 

1 

1 

2 

44 

San  Diego  del  Valle 

28 

28 

San  Fernando 

81 

81 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  . . 

24 

24 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios _ 

237 

1 

4 

8 

224 

Santa  Clara  _  _  .  _ 

314 

5 

1 

6 

302 

City  of  Santa  Clara  . . 

108 

5 

1 

4 

98 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  L&jas  .... 

56 

2 

54 

Santo  Domingo . .  . 

57 

1 

2 

5 

49 

Trinidad _ . . . . _ 

60 

1 

59 

City  of  Trinulaxl . . . 

40 

1 

39 

Yaguaiav . . 

223 

2 

221 

The  province . . 

4,487 

19 

41 

~  t 

«>7 

134 

4,229 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


Abreus  . . 

1,364 

415 

18 

49 

1 

103 

778 

Caibarien . 

1,962 

274 

91 

194 

3 

231 

1,169 

Calabazar  . . . . . 

4, 803 

1,783 

46 

268 

12 

397 

2, 297 

Camajuani.. _ _ 

3,329 

1,135 

125 

223 

1 

142 

1, 703 

Cartagena  . . .  . 

1,888 

606 

13 

52 

157 

1,060 

Ceja  de  Pablo.. . 

2, 549 

591 

22 

63 

172 

1,701 

Cienfuegos . . 

20,543 

4, 666 

333 

1,599 

29 

2,911 

11,005 

City  of  Cienfuegos. . 

10,818 

389 

228 

1,378 

28 

2,359 

6,536 

Cifuentes  . . . 

1,209 

375 

10 

40 

141 

643 

Cruces . . 

3, 154 

402 

73 

208 

2 

908 

1,561 

Esperanza . . 

1,947 

612 

16 

75 

3 

67 

1.144 

Palmira . 

2, 733 

371 

26 

69 

1 

722 

1,544 

Placetas  . . 

3,339 

899 

27 

294 

1 

185 

1,9:33 

Quemado  de  Giiines . 

2, 642 

895 

30 

70 

108 

1,539 

Pancho  Veloz . . . 

3,235 

873 

31 

89 

1 

578 

1,663 

Ranchuelo . 

1,759 

246 

16 

59 

1 

317 

1,120 

Rodas . . . 

3,269 

612 

35 

89 

1 

652 

1,880 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

7,590 

605 

191 

615 

7 

2,289 

3,883 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande.. 

4,546 

50 

136 

503 

5 

1,580 

2,272 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

1,605 

462 

13 

63 

165 

902 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

6,305 

992 

68 

663 

7 

863 

3,712 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus... . 

4 ,135 

206 

30 

578 

7 

777 

2,537 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

1 . 059 

359 

13 

19 

51 

617 

San  Fernando . . . 

1 , 675 

589 

13 

161 

912 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

1,306 

453 

11 

26 

7 

809 

San  J uan  de  los  Remedios  . . . 

4,  .‘303 

642 

62 

328 

i 

864 

2, 4(Hi 

Santa  Clara... . 

8, 165 

1,721 

121 

649 

9 

1,207 

4, 458 

City  of  Santa  Clara  _ . 

4 ,572 

165 

119 

621 

.9 

1,181 

2,577 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  .... 

4,166 

743 

60 

133 

13 

1,057 

2, 160 

432 


REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXI Y — Continued. 

Province  of  Santa  Clara — Continued. 

TOTAL  COLORED— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

"Withoxit 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Santo  Domingo . 

2,941 

916 

40 

71 

2 

406 

1,506 

Trinidad . . . 

9,986 

1,629 

56 

693 

5 

1,053 

6, 550 

City  of  Trinidad . 

5,400 

132 

81 

570 

3 

7  06 

3.940 

Yaeruaiav . . . . . 

2,942 

867 

28 

150 

188 

1,709 

The  province . . 

111,768 

24,763 

1, 575 

6,864 

100 

16,102 

62,364 

COLORED  MALES. 


Abreus . 

698 

384 

18 

42 

1 

57 

196 

Caibarien . 

1,004 

270 

90 

,  189 

3 

126 

326 

Calabazar . 

2, 726 

1,649 

45 

251 

12 

149 

620 

Cama  j  uani . . . 

1,911 

1,131 

125 

210 

1 

444 

Cartagena  _ 

R032 

578 

13 

51 

— 

126 

264 

Ceja  de  Pablo  _ 

1.192 

522 

22 

63 

147 

438 

Cienfuegos  . 

10,608 

4,459 

329 

1,393 

16 

1, 457 

2,9.54 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

4,644 

380 

22k 

1,189 

15 

1,100 

1,736 

Cifuentes _ 

599 

335 

10 

33 

38 

183 

Cruces . 

1,603 

387 

72 

139 

2 

590 

413 

Esperanza  _ 

1,016 

640 

16 

74 

2 

284 

Palmira . . 

1.477 

371 

26 

69 

i 

605 

405 

Placetas . - . . 

1.781 

896 

27 

288 

i 

123 

446 

Qnemadn  de  Giiines.  _ 

1.426 

817 

30 

69 

453 

Rancho  Veloz . 

1,707 

863 

31 

65 

i 

284 

463 

Ranchuelo _ 

851 

245 

16 

56 

253 

281 

Rodas . . . 

1,836 

610 

35 

89 

i 

568 

533 

Sagua  la  Grande  - - - - 

3,557 

569 

190 

509 

5 

1,211 

1,073 

City  of  Saqua  la  Grande.. 

2,010 

49 

135 

4  09 

3 

767 

647 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas.. 

878 

460 

13 

62 

124 

219 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

2,687 

951 

59 

549 

5 

221 

902 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus  .... 

1,521 

201 

27 

47  8 

5 

221 

589 

San  Diego  del  Valle _ 

549 

356 

13 

19 

30 

131 

San  Fernando 

987 

589 

13 

141 

244 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  . . 

679 

450 

11 

26 

192 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  ... 

2,051 

637 

60 

286 

1 

495 

572 

Santa  Clara . 

3,930 

1,715 

120 

566 

6 

454 

l,0o9 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

l,95h 

164 

118 

538 

6 

454 

674 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas - 

2,414 

743 

59 

131 

13 

973 

495 

Santo  Domingo . . . . 

1,531 

874 

40 

60 

o 

184 

371 

Trinidad . 

4.521 

1,573 

51 

665 

4 

693 

1, 535 

City  of  Trinidad . 

2,059 

130 

29 

552 

2 

L20 

926 

Yaguajav . 

1,699 

864 

28 

150 

128 

529 

The  province . . 

56,950 

23,938 

1,549 

6,117 

77 

9,234 

16,035 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos  . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces . .. . 

Esperanza . 

Palmira . 

Placetas  . 

§uemado  de  Giiines . 

ancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande.. 


666 

31 

46 

958 

4 

1 

5 

105 

2,077 

134 

1 

17 

248 

1,418 

4 

13 

_ 

142 

856 

28 

1 

31 

1,357 

69 

25 

9, 935 

207 

4 

206 

13 

1,454 

6, 17k 

9 

4 

189 

13 

1,259 

610 

40 

rr 

i 

103 

1,551 

15 

1 

69 

318 

931 

2 

1 

i 

67 

1 , 256 

117 

1 . 55  s 

3 

6 

62 

1.216 

78 

. . 

1 

51 

1.528 

10 

24 

294 

908 

1 

3 

1 

64 

1.  433 

2 

84 

4,033 

36 

1 

106 

2 

1,078 

2,536 

1 

1 

9k 

0 

813 

582 
813 
1,(577 
1,259 
796 
1,263 
8,051 
U,  700 
460 
1,118 
8(50 
1.139 
1,487 
1,086 
1,200 
839 
1,347 
2,810 
1,635 


OCCUPATIONS 


433 


Table  XXI V — Continued. 

Province  of  Santa  Clara — Continued. 

COLORED  FEMALES— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

San  Antonio  de  las  V ueltas . . 

727 

2 

1 

41 

683 

Sancti  Spiritus . . 

3,618 

41 

9 

114 

2 

642 

2,810 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . _ 

2,61 l* 

5 

3 

100 

2 

556 

1,91*8 

San  Diego  del  Valle _ _ 

510 

3 

21 

486 

San  Fernando  .  _ 

688 

20 

668 

Spti  .Timn  de  las  Veras  _ 

627 

3 

7 

617 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  ... 

2,252 

5 

2 

42 

369 

1,834 

Santa  Clara. - - - ... - 

4,235 

6 

1 

83 

3 

753 

3,389 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

2,618 

1 

1 

83 

3 

727 

1,803 

Santa  Isabel  fie  las  Lajas _ 

1.752 

1 

2 

84 

1 , 665 

Santo  Domine’o  .  .  _  _  _ 

l”  410 

42 

11 

222 

1,135 

Trinidad . . . . 

5, 465 

56 

5 

28 

1 

380 

5,015 

City  of  Trinidad . 

3,31*1 

2 

2 

27 

1 

286 

3,023 

Vafmaiav  _  _  _ 

1,243 

3 

60 

1, 180 

The  province . . 

54,818 

825 

26 

747 

23 

6, 868 

46,329 

Province  of  Santiago. 
TOTAL  POPULATION. 


Alto  Songo . 

12, 770 

4,348 

151 

249 

17 

291 

7, 714 

Baracoa . 

21,944 

4, 539 

528 

480 

60 

876 

15, 461 

Bayamo — . . . . 

21,193 

4, 675 

330 

322 

36 

511 

15, 319 

Campechuela . 

7,369 

2,228 

178 

214 

11 

149 

4,589 

Caney  . 

9,126 

2,840 

185 

436 

27 

769 

4,869 

Cobre . 

10.  707 

2. 845 

129 

417 

15 

118 

7, 183 

Cristo . 

1,194 

160 

52 

71 

10 

94 

807 

Gibara . . . 

31,594 

7, 184 

888 

1,097 

74 

1,029 

21,322 

Guantanamo . .. 

28, 063 

5,920 

834 

1,644 

77 

1, 591 

17, 997 

Holguin . . 

34,506 

8,960 

566 

676 

73 

565 

23,666 

Jiguani . . 

10, 495 

2, 010 

107 

108 

9 

417 

7,844 

Manzanillo . . . 

32,288 

5,904 

1,283 

1,688 

100 

1,455 

21,858 

City  of  Manzanillo . . 

11*,  1*61* 

566 

1,129 

1.1*39 

90 

1,371 

9, 869 

Mayari . . . 

8, 504 

1,848 

133 

148 

16 

231 

6.128 

Niquero . -  - . 

2,  718 

409 

72 

38 

7 

197 

1, 995 

Palma  Soriano . 

12, 305 

3,829 

150 

157 

11 

103 

8, 055 

Puerto  Padre . 

19, 984 

4, 651 

291 

316 

31 

485 

14,210 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . . 

5,  796 

1,530 

95 

85 

5 

99 

3,982 

San  Luis . . 

11,681 

2,902 

219 

352 

20 

310 

7.878 

Santiago  de  Cuba . . 

45, 478 

1,917 

3,079 

6,397 

429 

5, 595 

28,061 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

1*3,090 

1,1*19 

3,063 

6,381 

1*29 

5, 1*1*9 

26,31*1 

The  province . 

327, 715 

68,699 

9,270 

14,895 

1,028 

14,885 

218,938 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Alto  Songo . . . 

6,525 

3,636 

146 

192 

14 

202 

2,335 

Baracoa . 

11.141 

4,517 

525 

472 

45 

592 

4,990 

Bayamo . . . 

10,311 

4, 656 

327 

321 

21 

411 

4, 575 

Campechuela . . . . 

4,107 

2,221 

176 

211 

9 

113 

1,377 

Caney. . . . . 

5,478 

2,814 

180 

402 

26 

612 

1,444 

Cobre . . . 

5,443 

2, 795 

127 

404 

15 

62 

2,040 

Cristo . 

563 

158 

51 

66 

9 

61 

218 

Gibara . . . 

16, 126 

7,146 

884 

1,076 

58 

690 

6,272 

Guantanamo . 

14,476 

5, 721 

831 

1,540 

64 

1,174 

5, 146 

Holguin . . 

17, 020 

8,938 

560 

626 

59 

332 

6, 505 

Jiguani . . 

5, 104 

2, 006 

107 

107 

fi 

7 

405 

2,472 

Manzanillo . . . . 

15, 666 

5,886 

1,276 

1, 563 

70 

1,012 

5,859 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

6,518 

565 

1,122 

1,315 

65 

958 

2, 1*93 

Mayari . . . 

4,280 

1,843 

1.33 

147 

16 

186 

1, 955 

Niouero  . . . . 

1.373 

408 

72 

37 

6 

187 

663 

Palma  Soriano  . .  . . . 

6,396 

3,800 

150 

152 

10 

52 

2,232 

Puerto  Padre.. _ _ 

9,940 

4,627 

291 

313 

27 

425 

4,257 

24662 - 28 


434 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Santiago— Continued. 

TOTAL  MALES — Continued. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Districts. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

• 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

2. 973 

1,526 

94 

83 

3 

40 

1.227 

San  Luis . 

5, 805 

2.857 

215 

283 

13 

167 

2.270 

Santiago  de  Cuba _ _ 

21.118 

1.888 

2, 995 

4,996 

317 

3,439 

7,483 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

19, 922 

1,  S90 

2,979 

k ,980 

317 

3,299 

6,957 

The  province . . 

163, 845 

67, 443 

9,140 

12,991 

789 

10, 162 

63,320 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Alto  Songo . 

6.245 

712  5 

57 

3  89 

5,379 

Baracoa  . 

10, 803 

22  3 

8 

15  284 

10. 471 

Bayamo . . . 

10, 882 

19  3 

1 

15  100 

10, 744 

Campechuela . . 

3.262 

7  2 

3 

2  36 

3.212 

Caney  . 

3, 648 

26  5 

ai 

1  157 

3,425 

Cobre  . .  . . . . 

5,264 

50  2 

13 

_  56 

5,143 

Cristo . . . . . . 

'631 

2  1 

5 

1  33 

589 

Gibara . . . . . . . . 

15, 468 

38  4 

21 

16  339 

15, 050 

Guantanamo - - 

13, 587 

199  3 

104 

13  417 

12.851 

Holguin  . . . 

17, 486 

22  6 

50 

14  233 

17, 161 

Jiguani  . . 

5.391 

4  . . 

1 

2  12 

5.372 

Manzanillo . . 

16, 622 

18  7 

125 

30  443 

15.999 

City  of  Manzanillo  . . 

7,946 

1  7 

12k 

25  kl3 

7,376 

Mavari  . . . .  . 

4.224 

5  _ 

1 

. .  45 

4, 173 

Niquero . . . . 

1.345 

i . 

1 

1  10 

L332 

Palma  Soriano . . 

5. 909 

29  . 

5 

1  51 

5.823 

Puerto  Padre _ _ 

10. 044 

24  1 . . 

3 

4  60 

9.953 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

2.823 

4  1  1 

2 

2  59 

2, 755 

San  Luis. . . . .  . 

5. 876 

45  4 

69 

7  143 

5, 608 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

24.360 

29  ;  84 

1,401 

112  2. 156 

20.578 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

23, 168 

29  1  8k 

1,401 

112  2, 150 

19,392 

The  province  . . 

163, 870 

1,256  130 

1,904 

239  4, 723 

155, 618 

TOTAL  NATIVE  WHITE. 


Alto  Songo . 

2.971 

806 

89 

52 

14 

90 

1.920 

Baracoa . . 

9.394 

2,232 

205 

129 

41 

52 

6, 7:35 

Bayamo . 

11.110 

2,598 

224 

108 

31 

161 

7,988 

Campechuela  . . 

3,971 

1.118 

120 

95 

7 

54 

2,577 

Caney . 

2,616 

660 

60 

90 

11 

14 

1,781 

Cobre . . 

2,259 

578 

52 

67 

8 

2 

1, 552 

Cristo . 

510 

65 

27 

15 

6 

21 

376 

Gibara . . 

24.244 

5.398 

515 

527 

47 

744 

;  7. 013 

Guantanamo . 

7,028 

1,326 

271 

299 

41 

28 

5.063 

Holguin  . 

29.610 

7,746 

383 

308 

52 

426 

20, 695 

Jiguani  . . . 

6,179 

1.198 

79 

23 

6 

228 

4.645 

Manzanillo . . 

18,115 

3.197 

709 

647 

75 

582 

12.905 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

8,333 

321 

603 

576 

67 

570 

6.196 

Mayan . . 

5, 143 

1.L30 

68 

52 

10 

125 

3. 7.58 

Niquero . 

1,863 

252 

44 

23 

5 

159 

1,380 

Palma  Soriano . 

5. 947 

1,827 

87 

42 

9 

18 

3.9ft! 

Puerto  Padre . 

14.659 

3.248 

198 

135 

24 

455 

10, 599 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

3, 500 

941 

48 

28 

30 

2.451 

San  Luis . . . . 

2.967 

595 

97 

95 

13 

48 

2.119 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

15.  71 1 

509 

1.320 

1.298 

313 

972 

11,299 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

15,  258 

k  02 

1,313 

1,296 

313 

9k6 

10, 988 

The  province  . . . 

167, 797 

35,424 

4.596 

4,033 

715 

4,209 

118.820 

OCCUPATIONS 


435 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Santiago — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 

[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Alto  Songo . 

1.544 

753 

85 

32 

11 

83 

580 

Baracoa  . 

4. 765 

2,224 

204 

128 

26 

2,183 

Bayamo  . . . . 

5,386 

2,590 

222 

108 

16 

141 

2,309 

Campechuela. - - - 

2,151 

1,114 

118 

92 

5 

44 

778 

Caney . - . . . 

1 , 365 

659 

58 

79 

10 

557 

Cobre  . . . . 

1.191 

576 

51 

65 

8 

491 

Cristo  _ 

243 

65 

27 

15 

5 

17 

114 

Gibara  _ 

12. 164 

5,372 

513 

510 

34 

636 

5, 099 

Guantanamo  _ _ 

3, 489 

1,319 

271 

293 

31 

1, 575 

Holguin . . . . 

14;  468 

7, 724 

381 

290 

39 

332 

5, 702 

Jiguani _  _ 

3,022 

1.195 

79 

23 

5 

225 

1,495 

Manzanillo _ 

8,491 

3, 186 

706 

584 

49 

446 

3, 520 

City  of  Manzanillo  . . 

3,565 

321 

600 

513 

4  5 

446 

1,650 

Mayari - - - 

2, 590 

1,125 

68 

52 

10 

113 

1,222 

Niquero  _ 

940 

251 

44 

22 

5 

152 

466 

Palma  Soriano  . . . 

3, 064 

1,814 

87 

40 

8 

13 

1,102 

Puerto  Padre. - - 

7,279 

3,234 

198 

133 

21 

425 

3,268 

Sagua  de  Tanamo _ 

1,759 

940 

48 

27 

13 

731 

San  Luis. . . . 

1,440 

592 

97 

66 

8 

40 

637 

Santiago  de  Cuba . . . 

6,943 

507 

1,311 

861 

217 

843 

3,204 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

6,702 

4  00 

1,305 

859 

217 

817 

3, 105 

The  province . . 

82,292 

35,240 

4, 568 

3,420 

508 

3,523 

35,033 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


AltoSongo..  ..  . 

Baracoa . - . 

Bayamo . . . . 

Campechuela . . 

Caney . . . 

Cobre . . 

Cristo . . 

Gibara . 

Guantanamo . . . 

Holguin . - . 

Jiguani . . . 

Manzanillo . . . 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

Mayari . 

Niquero . . . . 

Palma  Soriano . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

San  Luis . 

Santiago  de  Cuba _ _ 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

The  province . 


1.427 

53 

4 

20 

3 

7 

1,340 

4,629 

8 

1 

1 

15 

52 

4, 552 

5,  724 

8 

2 

15 

20 

5,679 

1,820 

4 

2 

3 

2 

10 

1,799 

1,253 

1 

2 

11 

1 

14 

1,224 

1.068 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1,061 

267 

1 

4 

262 

12,080 

26 

2 

17 

13 

108 

11,914 

3,539 

7 

6 

10 

28 

3,488 

15, 142 

22 

2 

18 

13 

94 

14, 993 

3,157 

3 

1 

3 

3, 150 

9,624 

11 

3 

63 

26 

136 

9,385 

4 ,768 

3 

63 

22 

125 

5,556 

2, 553 

5 

12 

2, 536 

'923 

i 

1 

7 

'914 

2,883 

13 

2 

1 

5 

2,862 

7,380 

14 

2 

3 

30 

7, 331 

1,741 

1 

1 

2 

17 

1,720 

1.527 

3 

29 

5 

8 

1,482 

8,768 

2 

9 

437 

96 

129 

8,095 

8,556 

2 

9 

4 37 

96 

129 

7,883 

85, 505 

184 

28 

613 

207 

686 

83, 787 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE. 


Alto  Songo . . 

232 

143 

29 

5 

27 

28 

Baracoa.. . . . 

613 

243 

186 

41 

14 

48 

86 

Bayamo... . 

219 

116 

66 

14 

5 

2 

16 

Campechuela . 

318 

207 

40 

28 

3 

27 

13 

Caney . 

1,692 

921 

101 

97 

15 

489 

69 

Cobre . . . 

244 

131 

26 

32 

5 

22 

28 

Cristo . . . 

77 

10 

19 

8 

3 

22 

15 

Gibara . . 

1,505 

645 

305 

116 

23 

64 

352 

Guantanamo _ 

1,843 

581 

455 

118 

27 

337 

225 

Holguin - - - 

681 

348 

144 

49 

18 

2 

120 

Jiguani _ _ _ 

63 

41 

11 

7 

1 

3 

Manzanillo. . . . . .. . 

1.224 

248 

443 

159 

20 

186 

168 

City  of  Manzanillo  . . 

919 

65 

507 

115 

18 

186 

128 

436 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXIV — Continued. 
Province  of  Santiago — Continued. 
TOTAL  FOREIGN  WHITE-Continued. 


[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and  min¬ 
ing. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Mayari . . . 

134 

58 

46 

9 

4 

17 

Niquero . 

62 

17 

23 

9 

2 

8 

3 

Palma  Soriano. 

128 

76 

24 

9 

5 

14 

Puerto  Padre . . 

267 

141 

78 

19 

4 

25 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

83 

31 

34 

7 

3 

2 

6 

San  Luis  . . . 

465 

194 

76 

23 

4 

45 

123 

Santiago  de  Cuba - - 

3,458 

241 

1,212 

276 

68 

924 

737 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

3, 44  0 

232 

1,210 

276 

68 

918 

736 

The  province  . . . 

13,313 

4,392 

3,318 

1,026 

219 

2,201 

2,148 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Alto  Songo . . . . . 

208 

139 

29 

5 

27 

8 

Baracoa . . 

542 

242 

186 

41 

14 

40 

19 

Bayamo _ _ _ 

207 

115 

66 

14 

5 

7 

Campechuela - - - 

306 

207 

40 

28 

3 

27 

1 

Caney . . 

1,629 

921 

98 

96 

15 

486 

13 

Cobre . . . 

999 

131 

26 

31 

5 

21 

8 

Cristo . . . 

65 

10 

19 

8 

3 

22 

3 

Gibara . . 

1,194 

643 

304 

116 

22 

54 

55 

Guantanamo - - 

1,569 

579 

455 

115 

26 

333 

61 

Holguin.. . . 

573 

348 

143 

48 

18 

16 

.Tigna.ni  _  .  _ 

60 

41 

11 

7 

1 

Manzanillo  . . . 

1,080 

246 

443 

157 

17 

179 

38 

City  of  Manzanillo  . . 

810 

64 

4  07 

113 

16 

179 

31 

M  ayari 

119 

58 

46 

9 

4 

2 

Niquero  . . . . 

57 

17 

23 

9 

1 

7 

Palma  Soriano 

116 

76 

24 

9 

5 

2 

Puerto  Padre  . . 

249 

141 

78 

19 

3 

8 

Sagua  de  Tanamo - - 

80 

31 

34 

7 

3 

2 

3 

San  Luis . 

358 

193 

76 

22 

4 

43 

20 

Santiago  de  Cuba - 

2, 812 

241 

1,197 

254 

63 

888 

169 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

2,  795 

232 

1,195 

255 

63 

882 

169 

The  province . . 

11,446 

4,379 

3,298 

995 

207 

2, 134 

433 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Alto  Songo . 

Baracoa . 

Bayamo . 

Campechuela . 

Caney . 

Cobre . 

Cristo . 

Gibara . 

Guantanamo . . 

Holguin . . . 

Jiguani . . 

Manzanillo  . 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

Mayan . 

Niquero  . 

Palma  Soriano . 

Puerto  Padre . 

Sagua  de  T&namo . 

San  Luis . . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

The  province . 


Alto  Songo  . . 

Baracoa . 

Bayamo . 

Campechuela 
Caney . 


24 

4 

76 

1 

8 

12 

1 

2 

12 

63 

3 

1 

3 

22 

1 

1 

12 

311 

2 

1 

1 

10 

274 

2 

3 

1 

4 

108 

1 

1 

2 

3 

144 

2 

2 

3 

i 

109 

1 

2 

<9 

7 

15 

5 

1 

1 

12 

18 

1 

3 

107 

1 

1 

2 

646 

15 

Q*> 

Am 

5 

36 

645 

15 

22 

5 

36 

1,867 

13 

20 

31 

12 

TOTAL  COLORED. 


9, 567 

3,399 

33 

192 

3 

174 

11,932 

2, 064 

137 

310 

5 

776 

5),  8*'>4 

1,961 

40 

200 

:148 

3,080 

903 

18 

91 

•  i 

68 

4,818 

1,259 

24 

249 

1 

266 

30 

67 

9 

13 

56 

20 

13 

297 

264 

104 

3 

130 

97 

15 

3 

12 

17 

3 

103 

568 

567 


1,715 


5,766 

8,640 

7,315 

1,5199 

3,019 


OCCUPATIONS 


437 


Table  XXIV — Continued. 

Province  of  Santiago — Continued. 
TOTAL  COLORED— Continued. 


[Figures  in  italics  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Domes¬ 
tic  and 
personal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Cobre . 

8,204 

2,136 

51 

318 

2 

94 

5,603 

Cristo . 

607 

85 

6 

48 

1 

51 

416 

Gibara . 

5,845 

1,141 

68 

454 

4 

221 

3,957 

Guantanamo . 

19,192 

4,  013 

108 

1,227 

9 

1,226 

12,609 

Holguin . - . 

4, 215 

866 

39 

319 

3 

137 

2,851 

Jiguani  . . 

4,253 

771 

17 

78 

2 

189 

3, 198 

Manzanillo . . 

12,949 

2,459 

131 

882 

5 

687 

8, 785 

City  of  Manzanillo  . . 

5,21 2 

180 

119 

7  58 

5 

615 

3,555 

Mayari . 

3,227 

660 

19 

87 

2 

106 

2,353 

Niquero 

793 

140 

5 

6 

30 

612 

Palma  Soriano . 

6,230 

1,926 

39 

106 

2 

80 

4,077 

Puerto  Padre. . . . . 

5,058 

1,262 

15 

162 

3 

30 

3,586 

Sagua  do  Taua.mn  _ _  .. 

2,213 

558 

13 

50 

67 

1,525 

San  Luis.. . 

8;  249 

2, 113 

46 

234 

3 

217 

5,636 

Santiago  de  Cuba _ 

26,309 

1,167 

547 

4,823 

48 

3,699 

16,025 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

25,392 

785 

550 

5,809 

58 

3,585 

15,625 

The  province . 

146,605 

28,883 

1,356 

9,836 

94 

8,466 

97,970 

COLORED  MALES. 


Alto  Songo . . 

4,773 

2, 744 

32 

155 

3 

92 

1,747 

Baracoa . . . . . 

5,834 

2,051 

135 

303 

5 

552 

2, 788 

Bayamo  .  _ 

4,718 

1,650 

1,951 

900 

39 

199 

270 

2,259 

598 

Campechuela . 

18 

91 

1 

42 

Caney . 

2,486 

1,234 

24 

227 

1 

126 

874 

Cobre . 

4,030 

2,088 

50 

308 

2 

41 

1,541 

Cristo . . 

255 

83 

5 

43 

1 

22 

101 

Gibara  .  . . . . 

2,768 

9,418 

1,131 

3,823 

67 

450 

2 

1,118 

3,510 

Guantanamo . 

105 

1,132 

7 

841 

Holguin  . . . 

1,979 

2,022 

866 

36 

288 

2 

787 

Jiguani  . . . .  . . 

770 

17 

47 

1 

180 

977 

Manzanillo . 

6,095 

2,454 

127 

822 

4 

387 

2,301 

City  of  Manzanillo . 

2, 153 

180 

115 

689 

5 

333 

822 

Mayari . . 

1,571 

660 

19 

86 

2 

73 

731 

Niquero  . . 

376 

140 

5 

6 

28 

197 

Palma  Soriano . 

3,216 

1,910 

39 

103 

2 

34 

1, 128 

Puerto  Padre  . 

2,412 

1,134 

4,007 

1,252 

555 

15 

161 

3 

981 

Sagua  de  Tanamo _ 

12 

49 

25 

493 

San  Luis . . 

2,072 

42 

195 

1 

84 

1,613 

Santiago  de  Cuba _ 

11,363 

1,140 

487 

3,881 

37« 

1,708 

4,110 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

10,525 

758 

580 

3,867 

37 

1,600 

3,683 

The  province . . 

70, 107 

27,824 

1,274 

8,576 

74 

4,505 

27,854 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Alto  Songo . 

4,794 

655 

1 

37 

82 

4,019 

Baracoa . . 

6,098 

13 

2 

7 

224 

5,852 

Bayamo . . . 

5;  146 

10 

1 

1 

78 

5,056 

Campechuela. . . 

1,430 

3 

26 

1,401 

Cane'y . . 

2’ 332 

25 

22 

140 

2, 145 

Cobre . . 

4;  174 

48 

1 

10 

53 

4, 062 

Cristo . . . 

'352 

2 

1 

5 

29 

'315 

Gibara . . . 

3,077 

10 

1 

4 

2 

221 

2, 839 

Guantanamo . 

9,774 

190 

3 

95 

2 

385 

9,099 

Holguin _  _ _ _ 

2,236 

3 

31 

1 

137 

2, 064 

Jiguani . 

2j231 

1 

1 

1 

9 

2,219 

Manzanillo . 

6,854 

5 

4 

60 

1 

300 

6,484 

City  of  Manzanillo _ 

3,069 

5 

59 

1 

282 

2,  723 

Mayari . . . . . 

1,656 

1 

33 

1,622 

Niquero . . . 

'417 

2 

'415 

Palma  Soriano . 

3,014 

16 

3 

46 

2, 949 

Puerto  Padre . . . 

2,646 

10 

1 

30 

2, 605 

Sagua  de  T&namo . . 

1.079 

3 

1 

1 

42 

1,032 

San  Luis... . 

4;  242 

41 

4 

39 

2 

1353 

4,023 

Santiago  de  Cuba . . . . 

14,946 

27 

60 

942 

11 

1,991 

11,915 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

13,961 

27 

60 

952 

11 

1,985 

10,952 

The  province . 

76,498 

1,059 

82 

1,260 

20 

3,961 

70,116 

438 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race . 

CUBA. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  - . 

1,572, 797 

299, 197 

79,427 

93,034 

8,736 

141,936 

950, 467 

Under  10  years  . . . 

356. 987 

1.193 

46 

91 

3 

720 

354,934 

10  to  14  years . . 

220.049 

35, 881 

2, 445 

4, 578 

29 

11.256 

165, 860 

15  to  19  years . 

178,035 

43,303 

10,057 

14,465 

342 

18. 781 

91,087 

20  to  24  years  - - - - 

152, 959 

37,963 

13,301 

14,343 

915 

19,410 

67,027 

25  to  29  years . 

137, 405 

34,379 

11,853 

13,680 

1,241 

18, 742 

57,510 

30  to  34  years . 

118,812 

30, 709 

10, 261 

11,729 

1.326 

16, 459 

48, 328 

35  to  44  years . . . . . 

185, 056 

50, 413 

16,304 

17,  617 

2,285 

25, 159 

73, 278 

45  to  54  years . . . 

117,528 

33, 625 

9,236 

9,810 

1,498 

16. 646 

46.713 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

68, 182 

20, 642 

4,381 

4, 963 

739 

9,862 

27,595 

G5  years  and  over . . 

37, 784 

11,089 

1,543 

1,758 

a>8 

4,901 

18, 135 

Total  males . 

815, 205 

292,331 

78, 766 

82,012 

7,096 

95. 769 

259,231 

Under  10  years . . 

180, 690 

1.149 

45 

80 

3 

361 

179.052 

10  to  1 4  years . . 

112.399 

35, 458 

2, 432 

3,953 

17 

7, 538 

63.001 

15  to  19  years . 

84,346 

42, 751 

9,994 

11,651 

167 

12.  740 

7,043 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

79, 008 

37, 489 

13,217 

12,184 

577 

14,048 

1 , 493 

25  to  29  years  . . 

73,206 

33,817 

11,771 

12,109 

942 

13,494 

1,073 

30  to  34  years . 

64,023 

30, 065 

10,184 

10,570 

1,129 

11,178 

897 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

101,305 

48, 980 

16,171 

16,033 

1 . 963 

16,420 

1,738 

45  to  54  years . 

64,096 

32, 385 

9,127 

9, 101 

.  1,329 

10, 521 

1,633 

55  to  64  years  . . 

37,099 

19, 738 

4,322 

4,671 

640 

6,306 

1.422 

65  years  and  over - 

19,0:33 

10,499 

1,503 

1,660 

329 

3, 163 

1.879 

Total  females . . 

757,592 

6,866 

661 

11,022 

1,640 

46, 167 

691.236 

Under  10  years  _ _ 

176.297 

44 

1 

11 

a59 

175,882 

10  to  14  years  . . . 

107, 650 

423 

13 

625 

12 

3, 718 

102. 859 

15  to  19  years  . . 

93, 689 

552 

63 

2, 814 

175 

6,041 

84.044 

20  to  24  years . 

73,951 

474 

84 

2, 159 

338 

5,362 

65, 534 

25  to  29  years . . . 

64, 199 

562 

82 

1,571 

299 

5, 248 

56, 437 

30  to  34  years . 

54,  789 

644 

77 

1,159 

197 

5.281 

47, 431 

35  to  44  years . . 

83, 751 

1.433 

133 

1,584 

322 

8, 739 

71,540 

45  to  54  years . . . 

53,432 

1.240 

109 

709 

169 

6, 125 

45,080 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

31.083 

904 

59 

292 

99 

3, 556 

26,173 

65  years  and  over . . . . . 

18, 751 

590 

40 

98 

29 

1, 738 

16, 256 

Total  native  white  . . . 

910,299 

166, 960 

29,434 

39, 684 

5,950 

47,221 

621.050 

Under  10  years _  _ 

236, 504 

725 

32 

& 

1 

210 

235, 502 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

146,928 

25,162 

1.710 

2,204 

15 

5,424 

112,413 

15  to  19  years _ _ 

114,092 

29,057 

5,630 

7, 134 

267 

8,606 

63, 398 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

88. 503 

23,341 

4,898 

6, 656 

685 

7, 731 

45.  192 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

74,111 

19, 703 

3,893 

5, 779 

842 

6, 429 

3  4 , 4i>o 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

63,008 

17,316 

3, 588 

4.863 

911 

5,343 

30. 987 

35  to  44  years  . . . . 

95. 001 

27, 128 

5, 595 

7,216 

1,602 

7,447 

46, 013 

45  to  54  years . 

52, 838 

14. 657 

2, 555 

3, 621 

961 

3. 680 

27, 364 

55  to  64  years _ ...  _ 

26. 690 

6. 969 

1,123 

1,618 

448 

1, 705 

14.827 

65  years  and  over . . 

12,624 

2,902 

410 

559 

218 

646 

7,889 

Native  white  males . 

447, 373 

166, 277 

29,218 

35,067 

4,680 

39,123 

173,008 

Under  10  years . 

120,548 

710 

31 

28 

1 

129 

119,649 

10  to  14  years . .  . 

75, 170 

24, 998 

1.705 

1.893 

4 

4,340 

42. 230 

15  to  19  years . 

52,818 

28, 916 

5,595 

5, 849 

110 

7,091 

5  257 

20  to  24  years . 

42,091 

23, 285 

4,848 

5, 777 

401 

6, 624 

1,156 

25  to  29  years . 

35, 588 

19, 639 

3,869 

5, 223 

621 

5,520 

716 

30  to  34  years . . 

31.054 

17,262 

3,569 

4.416 

765 

4.424 

618 

35  to  44  years _  ...  ... 

47. 705 

27,044 

5, 552 

6, 532 

1 , 367 

6, 077 

1 . 133 

45  to  54  years . 

25,192 

14,596 

2,526 

3,324 

m 

3,007 

904 

55  to  64  years . . 

11,996 

6, 933 

1,114 

1,499 

377 

1,374 

699 

65  years  and  over _ 

5,211 

2,894 

409 

526 

199 

537 

646 

Native  white  females  . 

462, 926 

683 

216 

4, 617 

1,270 

8,098 

448, 042 

Under  10  years  . 

115,956 

15 

1 

6 

81 

115.853 

10  to  14  years . . . 

71.758 

164 

5 

311 

11 

1,084 

70.183 

15  to  19  years . . 

61,274 

141 

35 

1,285 

157 

1,515 

58,111 

20  to  24  years . . 

46, 412 

56 

50 

879 

284 

1.107 

44,036 

25  to  29  years . 

38,523 

64 

24 

556 

£>1 

909 

36.  749 

30  to  34  years . 

31 . 954 

54 

19 

447 

146 

919 

30,369 

35  to  44  years .  ... _ 

47,296 

84 

43 

684 

235 

1,370 

44.880 

45  to  54  years . 

27, 646 

61 

29 

297 

126 

673 

26,460 

55  to  64  years .  . 

14,694 

36 

9 

119 

71 

an 

14,120 

65  years  aud  over  . . 

7,413 

8 

1 

33 

19 

109 

7. 245 

OCCUPATIONS 


439 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 


CUB  A— Continued . 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan 
ical in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white  .. . 

142,098 

31,270 

42,368 

14, 703 

2,232 

23,237 

28,288 

Under  10  years . 

2,918 

11 

4 

3 

1 

13 

2,886 

10  to  14  vears . 

2,  764 

311 

428 

88 

5 

170 

1,762 

15  to  19  years  - - - 

8,307 

1.361 

3,648 

609 

28 

1,037 

1,624 

20  to  24  years . - 

20, 1% 

4, 564 

7,564 

1,691 

161 

3,516 

2,699 

25  to  29  years . . - 

23,030 

5,581 

7,087 

2,628 

310 

4,320 

3, 104 

30  to  34  years . - 

19,675 

4. 720 

5, 886 

2,310 

341 

3,654 

2,764 

35  to  44  years . . 

31,512 

7, 405 

9,460 

3,782 

562 

5, 485 

4,818 

45  to  54  years . 

19,314 

4,372 

5,291 

2,186 

459 

3,089 

3,917 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

9,820 

2,092 

2,238 

1,064 

241 

1,429 

2, 756 

65  years  and  over . 

4,563 

853 

762 

342 

124 

524 

1,958 

Foreign  white  males . 

115,740 

31,214 

42,123 

14,347 

1,937 

21,484 

4,635 

Under  10  years . . . 

1,486 

11 

4 

3 

1 

8 

1, 459 

10  to  14  years . 

1,648 

310 

422 

81 

4 

137 

694 

15  to  19  years . . . 

6, 708 

1,360 

3,624 

572 

20 

954 

178 

20  to  24  years . 

17, 285 

4,560 

7,537 

1,642 

126 

3,307 

113 

25  to  29  years  _ . . 

19,647 

5,571 

7,040 

2,578 

255 

4,037 

166 

30  to  34  years . . 

16, 646 

4,712 

5,847 

2,263 

298 

3,392 

134 

35  to  44  years . . 

26, 449 

7,390 

9, 405 

3,712 

482 

5,074 

386 

45  to  54  years . - 

15, 515 

4,367 

5, 264 

2, 134 

421 

2,822 

507 

55  to  64  years _ 

7,327 

2,085 

2,222 

1, 029 

216 

1,286 

489 

65  years  and  over _ 

3,029 

848 

758 

333 

114 

467 

509 

Foreign  white  females . . 

26, 358 

56 

245 

356 

295 

1,753 

23,653 

Under  10  years 

1,432 

5 

1,427 

10  to  14  years . . 

i;  lie 

1 

6 

7 

1 

33 

U068 

15  to  19  years . 

1,599 

1 

24 

37 

8 

83 

1,446 

20  to  24  vears  . . 

2,910 

4 

27 

49 

35 

209 

2,586 

25  to  29  years  . . 

3,383 

10 

47 

50 

55 

283 

2,938 

30  to  34  years . 

3,029 

8 

39 

47 

43 

262 

2,630 

35  to  44  years . . . 

5,063 

15 

55 

70 

80 

411 

4,432 

45  to  54  years . 

3,799 

5 

27 

52 

38 

267 

3,410 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

2, 493 

7 

16 

35 

25 

143 

2,267 

65  years  and  over . 

1,534 

5 

4 

9 

10 

57 

1,449 

Total  colored - 

520,400 

100,967 

7,625 

38,647 

554 

71,478 

301,129 

Under  10  years . 

117, 565 

457 

10 

54 

1 

497 

116,546 

10  to  14  years . . 

70,357 

10,408 

307 

2,286 

9 

5,662 

51,685 

15  to  19  years . 

55,636 

12, 885 

779 

6,722 

47 

9,138 

26,065 

20  to  24  years . . . 

44,261 

10, 058 

839 

5,996 

69 

8,163 

19, 136 

25  to  29  years . 

40,264 

9, 095 

873 

5,273 

89 

7,993 

16,941 

30  to  34  years . 

36, 129 

8,673 

787 

4,556 

74 

7,462 

14,577 

35  to  44  years . 

58, 543 

15,880 

1,249 

6,619 

121 

12,227 

22, 447 

45  to  54  years . 

45,376 

14,596 

1,390 

4,003 

78 

9,877 

15,432 

55  to  64  years . 

31,672 

11,581 

1,020 

2,281 

50 

6, 728 

10,012 

65  years  and  over - 

20,597 

7,334 

371 

857 

16 

3,731 

8,288 

Colored  males . 

252, 092 

94, 840 

7,425 

32, 598 

479 

35, 162 

81,588 

Under  10  years . 

58, 656 

428 

10 

49 

1 

224 

57,944 

10  to  14  years . 

35, 581 

10, 150 

305 

1,979 

9 

3,061 

20,077 

15  to  19  years . 

24,820 

12, 475 

775 

5, 230 

37 

4,695 

1,608 

0  to  24  vears . 

19,632 

9, 644 

832 

4,  765 

50 

4,117 

224 

25  to  29  years . 

17,971 

8,607 

862 

4,308 

66 

'  3,937 

191 

30  to  34  years _  ... 

16, 323 

8,091 

768 

3,891 

66 

3,362 

115 

35  to  44  years . 

27, 151 

14,546 

1,214 

5, 789 

114 

5,269 

219 

45  to  54  years . 

23, 389 

13,422 

1,337 

3,643 

73 

4,692 

222 

55  to  64  years . 

17,776 

10,  720 

986 

2,143 

47 

3,646 

234 

65  years  and  over . . . 

10, 793 

6,757 

336 

801 

16 

2, 159 

724 

h’.ored  females . . 

268,308 

6,127 

200 

6,049 

75 

36,316 

219^541 

Under  10  vears . . 

58, 909 

29 

5 

273 

58, 602 

10  to  14  years . . . 

34,  776 

258 

2 

307 

2, 601 

31  ’  608 

15  to  19  years . 

30,816 

410 

4 

1,492 

10 

4,443 

24,457 

20  to  24  years . 

24,629 

414 

7 

1,231 

19 

4,046 

18,912 

25  to  29  years . 

22,293 

488 

11 

965 

23 

4,056 

16, 750 

30  to  34  years . 

19, 806 

582 

19 

665 

8 

4, 100 

14,432 

35  to  44  years . 

31,392 

1,334 

35 

830 

7 

6,958 

22,228 

45  to  54  years . 

21,987 

1,174 

53 

360 

5 

5, 185 

15,210 

55  to  64  years . 

13, 896 

861 

34 

138 

3 

3, 082 

9, 778 

65  years"  and  over _ 

9, 804 

577 

35 

56 

1,572 

7,564 

440 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . . 

424, 804 

31, 988 

39,715 

42,991 

4,553 

64, 714 

240,843 

Under  10  years . 

79,728 

85 

20 

37 

1 

271 

79,314 

10  to  14  years . - . 

50, 737 

3, 356 

965 

2,051 

14 

4,456 

39, 895 

15  to  19  years . . . 

48, 521 

5,053 

4,862 

6, 456 

133 

8,189 

23,828 

20  to  24  years . 

49, 251 

4,949 

7,277 

6,935 

443 

9,241 

20,406 

25  to  29  years  . . . . . 

45, 029 

4,467 

6,334 

6,913 

669 

9,189 

17, 457 

30  to  34  years . . . 

36,  463 

3,400 

5,319 

5,561 

693 

7,8a5 

13, 655 

35  to  44  years . - . 

53.519 

4,926 

7.942 

8,014 

1,212 

11,386 

20,039 

45  to  54  years . . 

32, 883 

3,051 

4.231 

4,221 

817 

7,564 

12, 999 

55  to  64  years .  -  - 

18,829 

1,787 

2,047 

2, 102 

381 

4,458 

8, 054 

65  years  and  over. . . . 

9,844 

914 

718 

701 

190 

2, 125 

5, 196 

Total  males . . . 

221,990 

31,944 

39,440 

38,033 

3,820 

46,377 

62,376 

Under  10  years . . . 

39, 778 

84 

19 

31 

1 

145 

39, 498 

10  to  14  years . . 

25, 658 

3,  an 

958 

1.801 

8 

3,040 

16,500 

15  to  19  years . . 

23. 771 

5, 047 

4,826 

5,309 

80 

5,962 

2,547 

20  to  24  years . 

26,294 

4,946 

7,226 

5,927 

316 

7,149 

730 

25  to  29  years  . . 

24.981 

4.464 

6.290 

6.198 

523 

7,055 

451 

30  to  34  years . . 

20,a57 

3,397 

5, 286 

5, 027 

614 

5,709 

324 

35  to  44  years _ 

29. 682 

4,923 

7,891 

7, 275 

1,039 

7,960 

594 

45  to  54  years _ 

17.478 

3. 045 

4.200 

3,864 

736 

5,057 

576 

55  to  64  years . . 

9,564 

1. 780 

2,030 

1,938 

332 

2,957 

527 

65  years  and  over _ 

4,427 

907 

714 

663 

171 

1,343 

629 

Total  females . 

202,814 

44 

275 

4,958 

733 

18,337 

178,467 

Under  10  years . . - 

39.950 

1 

1 

6 

126 

39,816 

10  to  14  years . . 

25;  079 

5 

r* 

i 

250 

6 

1,416 

23, 395 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

24. 750 

6 

36 

1,147 

53 

2,227 

21,281 

20  to  24  years _ 

22,957 

3 

51 

1.008 

127 

2,092 

19,676 

25  to  29  years _ 

20, 048 

3 

44 

715 

146 

2, 134 

17, 006 

30  to  34  years . 

16, 106 

3 

33 

534 

79 

2,126 

13,331 

35  to  44  years  _ _ _ 

23. 837 

3 

51 

739 

173 

3,426 

19, 445 

45  to  54  years _ 

15. 405 

6 

31 

357 

81 

2,507 

12,423 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

9,265 

i 

17 

164 

49 

1.501 

7,527 

65  years  and  over . 

5,417 

7 

4 

38 

19 

782 

4,567 

Total  native  white . 

243,619" 

21, 124 

11,590 

19,500 

3,  (ho 

21,096 

167,254 

Under  10  years _ 

57, 296 

62 

15 

16 

i 

62 

57,140 

10  to  14  years. . . 

35,730 

2, 690 

570 

1,119 

8 

2,190 

29, 153 

15  to  19  years. _ _ 

31.394 

3,855 

2,034 

3,534 

101 

3,803 

18,067 

20  to  24  years _ ... 

27, 515 

3,  .531 

1 . 956 

3,421 

326 

3,702 

14,579 

25  to  29  years . . . 

23. 075 

2,996 

1.612 

3,021 

452 

,3,143 

11,851 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

17.827 

2,191 

1.421 

2,430 

464 

2,405 

8,916 

35  to  4 4  years . . . 

25. 289 

3,078 

2,179 

3,325 

837 

3,171 

12, 699 

45  to  5 4  years . . 

14,211 

1,607 

1,074 

1,647 

521 

1,562 

7,800 

55  to  64 years... _ _ 

7.595 

788 

522 

738 

226 

766 

4, 555 

65  years  and  over . . 

3,687 

326 

207 

249 

119 

292 

2,494 

Native  white  males . 

116,838 

21,104 

11,484 

17, 700 

2,544 

18,942 

45, 064 

Under  10  years . . . . 

28,836 

61 

14 

13 

1 

43 

28,704 

10  to  14  years . . . 

18.074 

2,685 

567 

1 . 007 

3 

1,845 

11,967 

15  to  19  years . 

14.403 

3, 850 

2,012 

3,027 

52 

3,387 

2, 075 

20  to  24  years . 

12. 698 

3, 530 

1,925 

3, 025 

226 

3,398 

594 

25  to  29  years . . . 

10,963 

2,994 

1.598 

2,816 

346 

2,898 

311 

30  to  3  4  years . 

8, 650 

2, 190 

1.416 

2,247 

416 

2,164 

217 

35  to  4  4  years . 

12,286 

3,077 

2.161 

3,093 

726 

2,851 

378 

45  to  54  years . . 

6. 403 

1.606 

1.065 

1.532 

468 

1.421 

311 

55  to  64  years . 

3, 146 

786 

520 

697 

197 

075 

271 

65  years  and  over . . 

1,379 

325 

206 

243 

109 

260 

236 

Native  white  females . 

126, 781 

20 

106 

1,800 

511 

2,154 

122, 190 

Under  10  years . 

28. 460 

1 

1 

3 

19 

28, 436 

10  to  14  years . 

17, 656 

5 

3 

112 

5 

345 

17; 186 

15  to  19  vears . 

16. 991 

5 

22 

507 

49 

416 

15,992 

20  to  24  years . 

14.817 

1 

31 

396 

100 

304 

13,985 

25  to  23  years . 

12.112 

*> 

14 

205 

106 

245 

11,540 

30  to  34  vears . 

9. 177 

1 

5 

183 

48 

2-41 

8, 699 

35  t  o  4  4  years . 

13,003 

1 

18 

232 

111 

320 

12,321 

45  to  54  years . . . . . 

7,808 

1 

9 

115 

53 

141 

7,489 

55  to  64  years . 

4, 449 

») 

o 

41 

29 

91 

4,284 

65  years  and  over . 

2,308 

1 

T 

6 

10 

32 

2,258 

OCCUPATIONS 


441 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

68, 971 

4,076 

25, 536 

8,932 

1,245 

13,847 

15,335 

Under  10  years .  . 

1,797 

1 

2 

1 

5 

1,788 

10  to  14  years . . 

T  443 

48 

303 

77 

2 

104 

909 

15  to  19  years . 

4,785 

267 

2,548 

487 

13 

692 

778 

20  to  24  years . .  . 

10,397 

628 

4,968 

1,161 

90 

2, 132 

1,418 

25  to  29  years. . . — 

11  224 

734 

4,385 

1,699 

177 

2,524 

1,705 

30  to  34  years _ 

9,560 

583 

3,590 

1,414 

199 

2, 230 

1,544 

35  to  44  years . . 

14,517 

852 

5, 316 

2, 184 

318 

3,148 

2,699 

45  to  54  years . . 

8,541 

525 

2, 787 

1,145 

249 

1  770 

2,065 

55  to  64  years . 

4,576 

302 

1,239 

581 

133 

894 

1.427 

65  years  and  over . . 

2, 131 

136 

398 

183 

64 

348 

1,002 

Foreign  white  males  . . . 

54, 162 

4,074 

25, 398 

8,674 

1,042 

12, 555 

2,419 

Under  10  years . . 

872 

1 

2 

1 

3 

865 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

880 

48 

300 

71 

1 

84 

376 

15  to  19  years _ _ 

4,019 

267 

2,535 

460 

10 

634 

113 

20  to  24  years . . 

8,802 

628 

4,951 

1,127 

68 

1,968 

60 

25  to  29  years . . . 

9,300 

734 

4,359 

1,663 

143 

2,308 

93 

30  to  34  years . . 

7,794 

583 

3,566 

1,380 

169 

2.028 

68 

35  to  44  years _ 

11,552 

852 

5,288 

2, 134 

259 

2,852 

167 

45  to  54  years . . 

6,417 

525 

2, 771 

1,108 

223 

1,578 

212 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

3, 197 

302 

1,229 

552 

114 

791 

209 

65  years  and  over _ 

1,329 

134 

397 

178 

55 

309 

256 

Foreign  white  females _ 

14,809 

2 

138 

258 

203 

1,292 

12,916 

Under  10  years . . 

925 

2 

923 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

563 

3 

6 

1 

20 

533 

15  to  19  years. _  . . 

766 

13 

27 

3 

58 

665 

20  to  24  years . . 

1,595 

17 

34 

22 

164 

1,358 

25  to  29  years . 

1,924 

26 

36 

34 

216 

1,612 

30  to  34  years 

1,766 

24 

34 

30 

202 

T  476 

35  to  44  years _ 

2, 965 

28 

50 

59 

296 

2'  532 

45  to  54  vears _ 

2, 124 

16 

37 

26 

192 

C853 

55  to  64  years . 

1  j  379 

10 

29 

19 

103 

1.218 

65  years  and  over _ 

'802 

2 

1 

5 

9 

39 

746 

Total  colored . . 

112,214 

6,788 

2,589 

14,559 

253 

29, 771 

58,254 

Under  10  years .  . 

20, 635 

22 

3 

20 

•  204 

20, 386 

10  to  14  years . 

13,564 

618 

92 

855 

4 

2, 162 

9,833 

15  to  19  years _ _ 

12,342 

931 

280 

2, 435 

19 

3,694 

4,983 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

11,339 

790 

353 

2, 353 

27 

3,407 

4,409 

25  to  29  years . . 

10, 730 

737 

337 

2,193 

40 

3,522 

3,901 

30  to  34  years . . . 

9, 076 

626 

308 

1,717 

30 

3,200 

3,195 

35  to  44  years _ 

13, 713 

996 

447 

2, 505 

57 

5, 067 

4,641 

45  to  54  years . . 

10,131 

919 

370 

1.429 

47 

4,232 

3,134 

55  to  64  years _ 

6, 658 

697 

286 

783 

22 

2,798 

2,072 

65  years  and  over _ 

4,026 

452 

113 

269 

r* 

1,485 

1,700 

Colored  males . 

50, 990 

6, 766 

2, 558 

11, 659 

234 

14,880 

14,893 

Under  10  years . . 

10, 070 

22 

3 

17 

99 

9, 929 

10  to  14  years . . 

0, 704 

618 

91 

723 

4 

1,111 

4, 157 

15  to  19  years . 

5,349 

930 

279 

1,822 

18 

1,941 

359 

20  to  24  years _ 

4, 794 

788 

a50 

1,775 

22 

1,783 

76 

25  to  29  years . . 

4,718 

736 

333 

1,719 

34 

1,849 

47 

30  to  34  years . . . 

3,913 

624 

304 

1,400 

29 

1.517 

39 

35  to  44  years  . . . 

5,844 

994 

442 

2,048 

54 

2,257 

49 

45  to  54  years  . . . . 

4,658 

914 

364 

1,224 

45 

2,058 

53 

55  to  64  years  . .  _ _ 

3,221 

692 

281 

689 

21 

1,491 

47 

65  years  and  over . 

1,719 

448 

111 

242 

7 

774 

137 

Colored  females . 

61,224 

22 

31 

2,900 

19 

14,891 

43,361 

Under  10  years  . 

10,565 

3 

105 

10, 457 

10  to  14  years . 

6, 860 

1 

132 

1,051 

5, 676 

45  to  19  years . 

6, 993 

i 

1 

613 

1 

1,753 

4, 624 

20  to  24  years _ _ 

6,545 

9 

3 

578 

5 

1,624 

4,333 

25  to  29  years . 

6,012 

l 

4 

474 

6 

1, 673 

3,854 

30  to  34  years . 

5,163 

2 

4 

317 

1 

1,683 

3, 156 

35  to  44  years . 

7,869 

2 

5 

457 

3 

2,810 

4,592 

45  to  54  years  . .  . 

5, 473 

5 

6 

205 

2 

2,174 

3,081 

55  to  64  years . 

3,437 

5 

5 

94 

1 

1,307 

2,025 

65  years  and  over.  _ 

2,307 

4 

9 

ft 

27 

711 

1, 563 

442 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total . 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over. 

Total  males . 

Under  10  years  ... 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years _ 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over . 

Total  females . 

Under  10  years  .... 

10  to  14  years _ 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over. 

Total  native  white ... 

Under  10  years  ... 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years _ 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  males .. 

Under  10  years 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  54  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over. 

Native  white  females 

Under  10 years  ... 

10  to  14  years . 

15  to  19  years . 

20  to  24  years . 

25  to  29  years . 

30  to  34  years . 

35  to  44  years . 

45  to  51  years . 

55  to  64  years . 

65  years  and  over 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

202,444 

50, 804 

9,407 

10,992 

988 

13,105 

117,148 

43, 147 

238 

10 

4 

2 

99 

42, 794 

27.294 

4,964 

289 

401 

7 

968 

20. 665 

22. 143 

6.427 

1,071 

1,451 

49 

1,519 

11,626 

19.498 

5. 948 

1,452 

1,618 

97 

1.682 

8.701 

17,  788 

5,637 

1,295 

1,545 

132 

1,692 

7,487 

14,418 

4.793 

1,151 

1.313 

137 

1,413 

5,611 

22. 963 

8.050 

1,892 

2,197 

262 

2,379 

8,183 

16,969 

6,  715 

1,266 

1.394 

160 

1,752 

5,682 

11.404 

5,127 

707 

768 

93 

1,079 

3. 630 

6,820 

2,905 

274 

301 

49 

522 

2,  769 

103, 726 

46, 496 

9,339 

9,532 

767 

5,587 

32,005 

21.679 

217 

10 

3 

2 

40 

21,407 

13, 901 

4,790 

289 

323 

6 

390 

8,103 

10, 183 

6, 152 

1.066 

1,133 

25 

576 

1,231 

9. 466 

5, 659 

1,445 

1.318 

61 

830 

153 

8, 852 

5,263 

1,292 

1,317 

90 

777 

113 

7, 453 

4,384 

1.143 

1.150 

102 

580 

94 

12.287 

7, 106 

1,880 

1, 992 

225 

919 

165 

9, 466 

5. 909 

1,258 

1.283 

134 

701 

181 

6, 759 

4.521 

701 

7&5 

77 

527 

198 

3, 680 

2,495 

255 

278 

45 

247 

360 

98, 718 

4,308 

68 

1,460 

221 

7,518 

85, 143 

21.468 

21 

1 

59 

21,387 

13,393 

174 

78 

i 

578 

12,562 

11,960 

275 

5 

318 

24 

943 

10,395 

10, 032 

289 

7 

300 

36 

852 

8,548 

8, 936 

374 

3 

228 

42 

915 

7,374 

6, 965 

409 

8 

163 

35 

833 

5,517 

10, 676 

944 

12 

205 

37 

1,460 

8,018 

7,503 

806 

8 

111 

26 

1.051 

5. 501 

4. 645 

606 

6 

33 

16 

552 

3.  432 

3, 140 

410 

19 

23 

4 

275 

2,409 

102, 682 

20,212 

3,824 

5, 115 

683 

3,059 

69, 789 

25,254 

91 

9 

3 

13 

25, 1:48 

16, 865 

2.923 

214 

215 

2 

271 

13.240 

13, 565 

3,7:38 

734 

764 

40 

470 

7,819 

10,918 

3. 190 

716 

823 

69 

559 

5, 561 

9, 243 

2, 706 

535 

730 

90 

462 

4,720 

7, 034 

2,085 

459 

625 

96 

360 

3,409 

10,267 

2,938 

684 

1.086 

192 

533 

4,834 

5. 660 

1,575 

315 

550 

113 

251 

2. 856 

2,662 

700 

no 

238 

56 

111 

1,447 

1,214 

266 

48 

81 

25 

29 

765 

50, 324 

20,080 

3,809 

4, 454 

498 

2,199 

19.284 

12,842 

87 

9 

2 

5 

12,739 

8. 598 

2. 900 

214 

166 

1 

174 

5. 143 

6,262 

3,  712 

731 

629 

17 

300 

873 

5, 144 

3.174 

711 

686 

36 

4415 

102 

4,328 

2,689 

535 

638 

.56 

357 

53 

3,472 

2, 076 

455 

556 

69 

260 

56 

5,220 

2,923 

681 

980 

164 

377 

95 

2,730 

1, 566 

315 

501 

89 

180 

79 

1,224 

689 

110 

224 

44 

89 

68 

504 

264 

48 

72 

99 

Aw 

‘» 

MM 

76 

52, 358 

132 

15 

661 

185 

860 

50,505 

12, 412 

4 

1 

8 

12,399 

8, 267 

23 

49 

i 

97 

8.097 

7, 308 

2b 

3 

135 

23 

170 

6. 946 

5, 774 

16 

5 

137 

33 

124 

5.459 

4,915 

17 

92 

34 

105 

4, 667 

3, 562 

9 

4 

69 

27 

100 

3,353 

5,047 

15 

3 

106 

28 

156 

4, 7:19 

2.930 

9 

49 

24 

71 

2, 777 

1,438 

11 

14 

12 

*>•> 

1.379 

710 

O 

M 

9 

3 

< 

689 

OCCUPATIONS 


443 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupation  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PRO  .  NCE  OF  M  AT  ANZ  AS— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

15, 235 

4,700 

4,104 

1,438 

242 

1 . 106 

3,645 

TTnrlpt*  10  vftnrs 

219 

2 

1 

216 

10  to  14  "vears . . 

265 

66 

30 

1 

2 

9 

157 

15  to  19  years . - . 

675 

179 

217 

21 

3 

45 

210 

20  to  2  1  vears  . . 

1,836 

629 

588 

121 

17 

154 

327 

25  to  2!)  years  - - 

2,082 

708 

609 

217 

32 

165 

351 

30  to  31  years _ _ 

1,900 

665 

-  570 

182 

29 

150 

304 

35  to  44  years  . . 

3,394 

1,117 

1,034 

354 

63 

255 

571 

45  to  5 1  vears _ 

2, 462 

699 

629 

298 

43 

181 

612 

55  to  04  years . -  -  - 

1,592 

442 

303 

180 

31 

110 

526 

65  years  and  over - 

810 

193 

124 

64 

21 

37 

371 

Foreign  white  males  _ _ 

11,850 

4,684 

4,089 

1,413 

215 

957 

492 

Tinder  10  years . . 

121 

2 

1 

118 

10  to  14  years _ 

152 

65 

30 

i 

2 

7 

47 

15  to  19  vears . 

474 

178 

216 

21 

3 

40 

16 

20  to  24  years _ 

1,508 

629 

587 

115 

15 

143 

19 

25  to  29  years - - 

1,720 

7(  15 

606 

215 

26 

148 

».  20 

30  to  34  years _ 

1.576 

663 

567 

177 

25 

128 

16 

35  to  44  years  _ 

2, 809 

1,113 

1,030 

349 

54 

220 

43 

45  to  54  years _ _ 

1,870 

698 

627 

294 

41 

149 

61 

55  to  64  years . - 

1,112 

438 

302 

178 

28 

94 

72 

65  years  and  over. . . 

508 

193 

124 

63 

20 

28 

80 

Foreign  white  females . 

3,385 

16 

15 

25 

27 

149 

3,153 

Under  10  years . 

98 

98 

10  to  14  years  . . 

113 

1 

2 

110 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

201 

1 

1 

5 

194 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

328 

1 

6 

2 

11 

308 

25  to  29  years  . 

362 

3 

3 

2 

6 

17 

331 

30  to  34  years  . . . — 

324 

2 

3 

5 

4 

22 

288 

35  to  44  years  . . . . 

585 

4 

4 

5 

9 

35 

528 

45  to  54  years . 

592 

1 

9 

4 

2 

32 

551 

55  to  64  years  . . 

480 

4 

l 

2 

3 

16 

454 

65  years  and  over . 

302 

1 

1 

9 

291 

Total  colored - - - 

84,527 

25, 892 

1,479 

4,439 

63 

8,940 

43, 714 

Under  10  years  . . 

17,674 

145 

1 

1 

1 

86 

17,440 

10  to  14  years _ 

10, 164 

1,975 

45 

185 

3 

688 

7,268 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

7,903 

2,510 

120 

666 

6 

1,004 

3, 597 

20  to  24  years . 

6, 744 

2, 129 

148 

674 

11 

969 

2, 813 

25  to  29  years . . 

6, 463 

2,223 

151 

598 

10 

1, 065 

2,416 

30  to  34  years  .  . . 

5. 484 

2,043 

122 

506 

12 

903 

1,898 

35  to  44  years  _ _ _ 

9,302 

3,995 

174 

757 

7 

1,591 

2,778 

45  to  54  years . 

8,847 

4.441 

322 

546 

4 

1,320 

2,214 

55  to  64  years  . .  . 

7, 150 

3,985 

294 

350 

6 

858 

1,657 

65  years  and  over . . 

4,796 

2, 446 

102 

156 

3 

456 

1,633 

Colored  males . - . 

41,552 

21,732 

1,441 

3,665 

54 

2,431 

12,229 

Under  10  years . . 

•8,716 

128 

1 

1 

1 

35 

8,550 

10  to  14  years . 

5,151 

1,825 

45 

156 

3 

209 

2,913 

15  to  19  years . . 

3, 447 

2,262 

119 

483 

5 

236 

342 

20  to  24  years  .  . . 

2,814 

1,856 

147 

517 

10 

252 

32 

25  to  29  years  . . . 

2,804 

1,869 

151 

464 

8 

272 

40 

30  to  34  years . 

2, 405 

1,645 

121 

417 

8 

192 

22 

35  to  44  years . 

4,258 

3,070 

169 

663 

7 

322 

27 

45  to  54  vears . . ... 

4,866 

3,645 

316 

488 

4 

372 

41 

55  to  64  years . 

4.423 

3,394 

289 

333 

5 

344 

58 

65  years  and  over _ 

2.668 

2,038 

83 

•143 

3 

197 

204 

Colored  females . 

42,975 

4,160 

38 

774 

9 

6, 509 

31,485 

Under  10  years . . 

8, 958 

17 

51 

8,890 

10  to  14  years . 

5.013 

150 

29 

479 

4, 355 

15  to  19  years . . . 

4, 456 

248 

i 

183 

1 

768 

3,255 

20  to  24  years  . 

3,930 

273 

1 

157 

1 

717 

2, 781 

25  to  29  years . . 

3, 659 

354 

134 

2 

793 

2, 376 

30  to  34  years  . . . 

3;  079 

398 

1 

89 

4 

711 

1  i  876 

35  to  44  years . . . 

5, 044 

925 

5 

94 

1 , 269 

2, 751 

45  to  54  years . . . 

3, 981 

796 

6 

58 

'  948 

2',  173 

55  to  64  years . 

2,727 

591 

5 

17 

1 

514 

1,599 

65  years  and  over . . 

2, 128 

408 

19 

13 

259 

1,429 

444 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupation  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan 
ical in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa 

tion. 

Total . 

173,064 

48,697 

4,432 

3,635 

399 

10,699 

105,202 

TTnrler  10  vfiars  _ 

42,757 

278 

4 

5 

6l 

42  409 

10  to  14  years . . 

25, 453 

7,035 

195 

203 

1 

1,433 

16, 586 

15  to  19  years  . . 

20. 727 

7.656 

609 

547 

7 

1,678 

10,230 

20  to  24  years . 

19. 395 

7,427 

758 

626 

27 

1, 659 

8,898 

25  to  29  years . . 

16,978 

6,791 

729 

535 

57 

1.412 

7,454 

30  1  o  34  years - - 

12,311 

5,023 

524 

422 

68 

1,092 

5,182 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ 

16,  744 

6,838 

827 

656 

97 

1,516 

6, 810 

45  to  5  i  years . 

10, 176 

4.119 

493 

391 

87 

946 

4.140 

55  to  64  years . . 

5,502 

2,341 

219 

189 

44 

577 

2, 132 

65  years  and  over _ 

3,021 

1,189 

74 

61 

11 

325 

1,361 

Total  males . -  .* - 

91,688 

48,552 

4,390 

3,313 

359 

7,360 

27,  714 

TTnrler  10  years _  _ 

21,913 

271 

4 

5 

35 

21,598 

10  to  1 4  vpars  _  _ 

13, 043 

7,008 

194 

177 

971 

4, 693 

15  to  19  years - - 

10, 174 

7,687 

601 

469 

5 

1,137 

325 

20  to  24  years .  . 

9,961 

7,412 

754 

544 

23 

1,094 

134 

25  to  29  years . . . 

9,132 

6, 771 

719 

486 

49 

970 

137 

30  to  34  years  . . . . 

6.871 

5,010 

519 

388 

63 

760 

131 

35  to  44  years _  _ 

9,569 

6.821 

817 

616 

84 

1,037 

194 

45  to  54  5rears _ _ 

5.902 

4,103 

489 

384 

82 

684 

160 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

3,339 

2,333 

219 

184 

42 

420 

141 

65  years  and  over. . . 

1,784 

1,186 

74 

60 

11 

252 

201 

Total  females - - 

81,376 

145 

42 

322 

40 

3,339 

77,488 

Under  10  years  . . . 

20.844 

rt 

i 

26 

20,811 

10  to  14  years _ _ 

12, 410 

27 

1 

26 

1 

462 

11,893 

15  to  19  years . . 

10, 553 

19 

8 

78 

2 

541 

9,905 

20  to  24  years  .  _ 

9,434 

15 

4 

82 

4 

565 

8,  764 

25  to  29  years _ 

7,846 

20 

10 

49 

8 

442 

7,317 

30  to  34  years _  _ 

5,440 

13 

5 

34 

5 

332 

5,051 

35  to  44  years  _ _ _  _ 

7,175 

17 

10 

40 

13 

479 

6, 616 

45  to  54  vears - - 

4, 274 

16 

4 

rt 

1 

5 

262 

3, 980 

55  to  64  years  . . 

2,163 

8 

5 

2 

157 

1.991 

65  years"  and  over . . 

1,237 

3 

1 

73 

L160 

Total  native  white . 

114,907 

31,857 

1,787 

1,717 

285 

4,429 

74,832 

Under  10  years  _ _ 

30. 562 

170 

3 

3 

19 

30, 367 

10  to  14  years  . . 

18i 363 

5,277 

147 

114 

1 

734 

12; 090 

15  to  19  years  . . . . 

14. 772 

5, 671 

390 

296 

4 

821 

7,590 

20  to  24  years _ 

13,258 

5,243 

321 

338 

23 

794 

6,539 

25  to  29  years . . 

11.200 

4.  .583 

299 

260 

42 

631 

5,385 

30  to  34  years  . . . . . 

7,739 

3,228 

173 

188 

55 

454 

3,641 

35  to  44  years . . . 

10, 071 

4.142 

272 

287 

78 

548 

4,744 

45  to  54  years _ _ 

5,422 

2,163 

128 

157 

53 

268 

2. 653 

55  to  64  years . 

2,494 

1,016 

43 

52 

25 

120 

1,238 

65  years  and  over _ 

1,026 

364 

11 

22 

4 

40 

585 

Native  white  males . 

58,573 

31,774 

1,778 

1,542 

253 

3,363 

19,863 

LTnder  10  years  .  . 

15, 777 

164 

3 

3 

13 

15. 594 

10  to  14  years  . .  _ 

9,428 

5, 258 

147 

102 

539 

3,382 

15  to  19  years  . . . . 

7;  195 

5, 658 

390 

252 

3 

625 

267 

20  to  24  years . 

6,547 

5,233 

320 

291 

19 

576 

108 

25  to  29  years _  _ _ _ 

5,714 

4, 573 

297 

238 

35 

483 

88 

30  to  34  years  . . . . 

4,060 

3.223 

172 

172 

51 

349 

93 

35  to  44  years  . . 

5,286 

4,135 

269 

261 

08 

428 

125 

45  to  5 1  vears . 

2,783 

2,154 

126 

152 

50 

w 

79 

55  to  64  years . 

1,276 

1,012 

43 

49 

23 

93 

56 

65  years  and  over . . 

507 

364 

11 

22 

4 

35 

71 

Native  white  females . 

56,334 

83 

9 

175 

32 

1,066 

54,969 

Under  10  years . 

14,  785 

6 

6 

14.773 

10  to  14  years . . . 

8;  935 

19 

12 

1 

195 

8,708 

15  to  19  years  . . 

7, 577 

13 

44 

1 

196 

7.323 

20  to  24  years . 

6,711 

10 

1 

47 

4 

218 

6,431 

25  to  29  years  . . . 

5, 486 

10 

O 

M 

22 

7 

148 

5,297 

30  to  34  years  . . 

3, 679 

5 

1 

16 

4 

105 

3,548 

35  to  44  years . 

4,785 

pr 

i 

3 

26 

10 

120 

4,619 

45  to  54  years . . 

2,639 

9 

2 

5 

3 

40 

2, 574 

55  to  (54  years . 

1.218 

4 

3 

2 

27 

1.182 

65  years  and  over . 

519 

5 

514 

| 

OCCUPATIONS 


445 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

10, 718 

5,306 

3,234 

592 

99 

988 

1,499 

Under  10  years  _ 

82 

1 

1 

80 

10  toll  years  . 

115 

35 

22 

ty 

7 

51 

15  to  19  years . . . 

550 

255 

183 

14 

1 

41 

56 

20  to  24  years . . 

1,402 

714 

389 

45 

1 

118 

135 

25  to  29  vears . .. 

1,633 

840 

381 

92 

13 

143 

164 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

1,471 

753 

312 

88 

13 

141 

164 

35  to  44  years . - . . 

2, 432 

1,237 

498 

175 

15 

234 

273 

45  to  54  years . . . 

1,716 

849 

286 

106 

32 

175 

268 

55  to  64  years _ _ _ 

908 

446 

125 

57 

17 

88 

17o 

65  years  and  over . . . 

409 

176 

38 

15 

7 

40 

133 

Foreign  white  males . . 

9,447 

5,302 

2,204 

585 

92 

954 

310 

TTnder  10  vears 

47 

1 

1 

4-ft 

10  to  14  years 

80 

35 

21 

7 

17 

15  to  19  years . . . 

487 

255 

175 

14 

41 

2 

20  to  24  years . . . 

1,263 

714 

386 

43 

*  1 

114 

5 

25  to  29  years. _ _ _ 

1,471 

839 

373 

91 

12 

137 

19 

30  to  34  years . . . 

1,319 

752 

309 

87 

12 

138 

21 

35  to  44  years . . . 

2,184 

1,236 

493. 

174 

13 

226 

42 

45  to  54  years _ 

1,494 

849 

284 

106 

30 

166 

59 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

782 

445 

125 

56 

17 

84 

55 

65  years  and  over _ 

320 

176 

38 

14 

7 

40 

45 

Foreign  white  females . 

1,271 

4 

30 

7 

ry 

i 

34 

1,189 

TTnder  10  years 

35 

35 

10  to  14  years 

35 

1 

34 

15  to  19  years . . 

63 

.  8 

1 

54 

20  to  24  years .  . . 

139 

3 

2 

4 

130 

25  to  29  years . . 

162 

1 

8 

1 

1 

6 

145 

30  to  34  years . . 

152 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

143 

35  to  44  years . . 

248 

1 

5 

1 

2 

8 

231 

45  to  54  years. . 

222 

2 

2 

9 

209 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

126 

1 

1 

4 

120 

65  vears  and  over 

89 

1 

88 

Total  colored . . . . 

47,439 

11,534 

411 

1,326 

15 

5,282 

28,871 

Under  10  years . . 

12,113 

107 

1 

2 

41 

11,962 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ 

6, 975 

1,723 

26 

89 

692 

4,445 

15  to  19  years  . . . . 

5,405 

1,730 

36 

237 

2 

816 

2,584 

20  to  21  years  _ _ _ 

4,735 

1,470 

48 

243 

3 

747 

2,224 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

4,145 

1,368 

49 

183 

2 

638 

1, 905 

30  to  34  years . . 

3, 101 

1,042 

39 

146 

497 

1.377 

35  to  44  years  . . . 

4,241 

1,459 

57 

194 

4 

734 

1,793 

45  to  54  years _ 

3,038 

1,107 

79 

128 

2 

503 

1,219 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

2,100 

879 

51 

80 

2 

369 

719 

65  years  and  over _ 

1,586 

649 

25 

24 

245 

643 

Colored  males . . 

23,668 

11,476 

408 

1,186 

14 

3,043 

7,541 

Under  10  years . . 

6,089 

106 

1 

2 

21 

5,959 

10  to  14  years . . 

3,535 

1,715 

26 

75 

425 

1,294 

15  to  19  vears . . 

2,492 

1,724 

36 

203 

2 

471 

56 

20  to  24  years _ 

2,151 

1,465 

48 

210 

3 

404 

21 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

1,947 

1,359 

49 

157 

2 

350 

30 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

1,492 

1 , 035 

38 

129 

273 

17 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

2;  099 

1,450 

55 

181 

3 

383 

27 

45  to  54  years _ 

1,625 

1, 100 

79 

126 

2 

296 

22 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

1,281 

876 

51 

79 

2 

243 

30 

65  years  and  over. . . 

957 

646 

25 

24 

177 

85 

Colored  females . . 

23,771 

58 

3 

140 

1 

2,239 

21,330 

Under  10  years . 

6,024 

1 

20 

6, 003 

10  to  14  years . . . . 

3;  440 

8 

14 

267 

3, 151 

15  to  19  years  . . 

2, 913 

6 

34 

345 

2, 528 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

2, 584 

5 

33 

343 

2, 203 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

2, 198 

9 

26 

288 

1,875 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

1,609 

7 

1 

17 

224 

1,360 

35  to  44  years . . 

2,142 

9 

2 

13 

1 

351 

1,766 

45  to  54  years . 

1,413 

7 

2 

207 

1, 197 

55  to  64  years _ 

819 

3 

1 

126 

689 

65  jrears  and  over . 

629 

3 

68 

558 

REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta 

tion 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . 

88, 234 

17,058 

3,004 

3.704 

a59 

7,697 

56,412 

Under  10  years  . . 

24,448 

14 

1 

1 

14 

24.41s 

10  to  14  years . 

13, 320 

1.847 

95 

172 

1 

526 

10, 679 

15  to  19  years . - . 

9,650 

2.900 

391 

612 

14 

1,171 

4, 562 

20  to  24  years . . 

6,248 

1.770 

446 

505 

39 

818 

2, 670 

25  to 29  years.. . 

5. 100 

1.447 

:330 

455 

46 

728 

2,091 

30  to  34  years . 

5,944 

1,731 

387 

408 

58 

866 

2. 494 

35  to  44  years . 

9,943 

3,061 

687 

662 

88 

1,497 

3,948 

45  to  54  years . . 

6, 791 

2,097 

405 

488 

60 

1,021 

2,  720 

55  to  64  years _ 

4,200 

1,375 

180 

280 

30 

620 

1,715 

65  years  and  over  . 

2.590 

816 

82 

121 

23 

436 

1.112 

Total  males . . 

44,899 

17,030 

2,9.54 

2,983 

292 

4.093 

17, 547 

Under  10  years . . 

12, 531 

14 

1 

1 

6 

12. 509 

10  to  14  years . 

6, 863 

1.843 

94 

128 

1 

360 

4,437 

15  to  19  years . . 

4.481 

2. 893 

387 

416 

5 

609 

171 

20  to  24  years . 

3.121 

1.767 

445 

410 

25 

440 

33 

25  to  29  years. . 

2,582 

1  444 

328 

•166 

34 

366 

44 

30  to  34  years . . . 

2, 963 

1,728 

380 

a39 

45 

431 

40 

35  to  14  years . . 

5,208 

3.058 

077 

548 

4  4 

763 

85 

45  to 54 years - - ... 

3.533 

2,094 

390 

418 

57 

519 

55 

55  to  64  years . 

2,238 

1,375 

173 

248 

26 

339 

rt*t 

4  i 

65  years  and  over . 

1,379 

814 

79 

109 

21 

260 

96 

Total  females . 

43,335 

28 

50 

721 

67 

3,604 

38, 865 

Under  10  years . 

11  917 

8 

11,909 

10  to  14  years . . 

6, 457 

4 

1 

44 

166 

6,242 

15  to  19  years . 

5,169 

.  7 

4 

196 

9 

562 

4,391 

20  to  24  years . 

3,127 

3 

1 

95 

13 

378 

2, 637 

25  to  29  years . 

2,518 

3 

2 

89 

12 

362 

2,050 

30  to 34  years . . . 

2,981 

3 

** 

i 

69 

13 

435 

2, 454 

35  to  44 years.. . 

4, 735 

3 

10 

114 

11 

734 

8,863 

45  to  54  years . . 

3,258 

3 

15 

70 

3 

502 

2.665 

55  to 64  years _ 

1,962 

i 

32 

4 

281 

1.638 

65  3Tears  and  over . 

1,211 

2 

3 

12 

2 

176 

1,016 

Total  native  white . . 

66,349 

12, 496 

1,861 

1,  754 

245 

4,140 

%  45. 853 

Under  10  years . 

20, 128 

9 

1 

8 

20  110 

10  to  14  yeai’s _ _ 

10. 889 

1.574 

83 

90 

372 

8.770 

15  to  19  years — . 

7,584 

2,391 

314 

asi 

11 

772 

3, 745 

20  to  24 years . . 

4.470 

1.352 

263 

242 

27 

462 

2,124 

25  to  29  years . 

3,325 

950 

149 

195 

27 

362 

1.642 

30  to  34  years . . . 

4.. 351 

1.317 

260 

188 

40 

482 

2. 1*64 

35  to  44  years - - - 

7. 165 

2,294 

450 

332 

65 

804 

3. 220 

45  to  54  years . 

4.471 

1.388 

198 

196 

38 

485 

2, 166 

55  to  64  years . 

2,606 

822 

109 

105 

20 

268 

1.282 

65  years  and  over . - .  - 

1,360 

399 

35 

54 

17 

125 

730 

Native  white  males . 

32, 575 

12,473 

1.832 

1,269 

190 

2,452 

_ 14359 

Under  10  years  _ _ 

10.307 

9 

1 

2 

10,295 

10  to  14  years 

5, 612 

1 . 570 

82 

61 

273 

3. 626 

15  to  19  years . . 

3  526 

2,381 

310 

205 

3 

473 

151 

20  to 24  years.. . 

2,120 

1.&50 

262 

186 

16 

279 

27 

25  to 29 years.. . 

1 . 491* 

948 

148 

146 

21 

201 

35 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

2.053 

1,316 

2o  i 

145 

28 

275 

32 

35  to  44  years _ 

3, 563 

2, 291 

442 

253 

55 

458 

64 

45  to  54  years . .  . 

2,065 

1,  -185 

191 

148 

as 

261 

45 

55  to  64  years .  . 

1,216 

822 

105 

80 

17 

151 

41 

65  years  and  over . 

614 

39S 

35 

44 

1.5 

79 

43 

Native  white  females . 

33, 774 

23 

29 

485 

55 

1 , 688 

31.494 

Under  10  years . 

9. 821 

6 

9.815 

10  to  14  years . 

5'  277 

4 

1 

29 

99 

5. 1  (4 

i5  to  19  years . 

4,058 

1 

4 

146 

8 

299 

3. 594 

20  to  24  years . 

2,350 

o 

1 

56 

11 

183 

2,097 

25  to  29  years . 

1.826 

*> 

1 

49 

6 

161 

1.607 

30  to  34  years . 

2. 298 

1 

3 

43 

12 

207 

2.0:12 

35  to  44  years . . 

3,602 

3 

8 

79 

10 

346 

3. 156 

45  to  54  years . 

2, 406 

3 

4 

48 

3 

224 

2. 121 

55  to  61  years  . 

1.390 

4 

25 

3 

117 

1.241 

65  years  and  over - 

746 

1 

10 

9 

45 

687 

OCCUPATIONS 


447 


Table  XXY. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . . 

4,038 

1, 455 

928 

327 

85 

640 

603 

Under  10  years 

73 

73 

10  to  14  years  _ 

103 

13 

6 

5 

79 

15  to  19  years  -  -  - . . 

153 

30 

63 

5 

2 

12 

41 

20  to  24  years - - 

462 

148 

165 

31 

8 

58 

52 

25  to  29  years  _ _ _ 

675 

293 

154 

83 

17 

98 

30 

30  to  34  years .  . 

459 

194 

103 

40 

13 

75 

34 

35  to  44  years . . 

874 

347 

192 

80 

14 

168 

73 

45  to  54  years  . . 

680 

244 

169 

56 

18 

122 

71 

55  to  64  years . . - 

370 

124 

49 

23 

8 

71 

95 

65  years  and  over _ 

189 

62 

27 

9 

5 

31 

55 

Foreign  white  males. . 

3,499 

1,453 

927 

319 

76 

572 

152 

Under  10  years . . 

40 

40 

10  to  14  years  . . 

55 

13 

6 

3 

33 

15  to  19  years . 

108 

30 

63 

5 

1 

5 

4 

20  to  24  years . 

403 

148 

165 

30 

7 

51 

2 

25  to  29  years . . 

636 

292 

154 

81 

13 

93 

3 

30  to  34  years  . .  . . 

424 

194 

103 

40 

12 

70 

5 

35  to  44  years  . . . 

795 

347 

192 

79 

13 

150 

14 

45  to  54  years . . 

604 

244 

169 

54 

18 

114 

5 

55  to  64  years . . . 

292 

124 

49 

22 

7 

60 

30 

65  years  and  over _ 

142 

61 

26 

8 

5 

26 

16 

Foreign  white  females _ 

539 

2 

1 

8 

9 

68 

451 

Under  10  years . . 

33 

33 

10  to  14  years . 

48 

2 

46 

15  to  19  years  . . 

45 

1 

7 

37 

20  to  24  years . . 

59 

1 

1 

7 

50 

25  to  29  years _ 

39 

1 

2 

4 

5 

27 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

.35 

1 

5 

29 

35  to  44  years _ 

79 

1 

1 

18 

59 

45  to  54  years _ 

76 

2 

8 

66 

55  to  64  years . . . 

78 

1 

1 

11 

65 

65  years”  and  over. . . 

47 

1 

1 

1 

5 

39 

Total  colored . . . 

17,847 

3,107 

215 

1,623 

29 

2,917 

9, 956 

Under  10  years . . 

4,247 

5 

1 

6 

4, 235 

10  to  14  years . . . 

2,328 

260 

6 

82 

1 

149 

1,830 

15  to  19  years  . . .. .. 

1,913 

479 

14 

256 

1 

387 

776 

20  to  24  years  . . 

1,316 

270 

18 

232 

4 

298 

494 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

1,100 

204 

27 

177 

2 

268 

422 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

1,134 

220 

24 

180 

5 

309 

396 

35  to  44  years . 

1,904 

420 

45 

250 

9 

525 

655 

45  to  54  years  . . . 

1,640 

465 

38 

236 

4 

414 

483 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

1,224 

429 

22 

152 

2 

281 

338 

65  and  over  . . . 

1,041 

355 

20 

58 

1 

280 

327 

Colored  males . . 

8,825 

3, 104 

195 

1,395 

26 

1,069 

3,036 

Under  10  years . . 

2, 184 

5 

1 

4 

2. 174 

10  to  14  years . . . 

1,196 

260 

6 

67 

i 

84 

778 

15  to  19  years . .  . 

847 

479 

14 

206 

1 

131 

16 

20  to  24  years . . . . 

598 

269 

18 

194 

3 

110 

4 

25  to  29  years _ 

447 

204 

26 

139 

72 

6 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

486 

218 

20 

154 

5 

86 

3 

35  to  44  years . 

850 

420 

43 

216 

9 

155 

7 

45  to  54  years  . . . 

864 

465 

30 

216 

4 

144 

5 

55  to  64  years  .  . . 

730 

429 

19 

146 

2 

128 

6 

65  years"  and  over _ 

623 

355 

18 

57 

1 

155 

37 

Colored  females . 

9,022 

3 

20 

228 

3 

1,848 

6,920 

Under  10  years . . 

2. 063 

2 

2, 061 

10  to  14  years _ 

1 . 132 

In 

65 

1 , 052 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

1 . 066 

50 

256 

760 

20  to  24  years  . . 

718 

1 

38 

1 

188 

490 

25  to  29  years . . 

653 

i 

38 

2 

196 

416 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

6+8 

2 

4 

26 

223 

393 

35  to  44  years .  ... 

1 , 054 

2 

34 

370 

648 

45  to  54  years . 

776 

8 

20 

270 

478 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

494 

3 

6 

- 

153 

332 

65  years  and  over _ _ 

418 

2 

1 

125 

290 

448 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV.—  Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race— Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total.  . . 

356,536 

81,951 

13,599 

16,817 

1,409 

30,836 

211,924 

Under  10  years  . . 

77,209 

396 

4 

11 

180 

7r  riq 

10  to  14  years  . . . 

51,341 

9,248 

509 

752 

4 

2. 500 

38,328 

15  to  1 9  years  . . . 

40, 716 

11,145 

1,754 

2, 539 

64 

4,079 

21, 135 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

34,209 

10,503 

2,006 

2,535 

179 

4,166 

14,820 

25  to  29  years . 

3i,536 

9,917 

1,993 

2,363 

198 

3,897 

13.168 

30  to  34  years _ _ _ _ 

27.339 

8,976 

1,706 

2,073 

224 

3,470 

10.890 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

43.152 

14,357 

2,837 

3,293 

370 

5, 505 

16, 790 

45  to  54  years _ 

27,271 

9,181 

1.744 

1.947 

212 

3,650 

10, 537 

55  to  64  years . . 

15,618 

5,454 

801 

977 

108 

2,258 

6.020 

65  years'  and  over _ 

8, 145 

2. 774 

245 

327 

50 

1,131 

3,618 

Total  males . . . 

189, 057 

80,866 

13,503 

15, 160 

1,069 

22, 190 

56,269 

Under  10  years . 

38. 920 

385 

4 

10 

87 

38  434. 

10  to  14  years  . . . 

26,383 

9,157 

505 

652 

1 

1.813 

14,255 

15  to  19  years _ 

19,231 

11,041 

1, 745 

2.088 

24 

2,938 

1,395 

20  to  24  years _ 

18, 145 

10,444 

1.994 

2,218 

83 

3, 157 

249 

25  to  29  years  . . . . 

17,264 

9,840 

1.983 

2,117 

139 

2,971 

214 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

15,324 

8,880 

1.694 

1,906 

185 

2, 454 

205 

35  to  44  years  . . 

24, 614 

14, 163 

2. 817 

3,065 

318 

3,820 

431 

45  to  54  years  . . . . 

15. 674 

8,993 

1,731 

1,852 

177 

2,502 

419 

55  to  64  years  . . 

9,038 

5,304 

791 

940 

93 

1,600 

310 

65  years  and  over _ 

4,464 

jJ,  659 

239 

312 

49 

848 

357 

Total  females _ _ _ 

167, 479 

1,085 

96 

1,657 

340 

8,646 

155, 655 

Under  10  years . 

38.289 

11 

1 

93 

38  184 

10  to  14  years _ 

24, 958 

91 

4 

100 

3 

687 

24.073 

15  to  19  years _ _ 

21,485 

104 

& 

451 

40 

1,141 

19,740 

20  to  24  years . . 

16,064 

59 

12 

317 

96 

1,009 

14, 571 

25  to  29  years . .  . 

14.272 

77 

10 

246 

59 

926 

12, 954 

30  to  34  years _ 

12, 015 

96 

12 

167 

39 

1,016 

10,685 

35  to  44  years . 

18,538 

194 

20 

228 

52 

1,685 

16,359 

45  to  54  years . 

11,597 

188 

13 

95 

35 

1.148 

10, 118 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

6.580 

150 

10 

37 

15 

658 

5, 710 

65  years  and  over _ 

3,681 

115 

6 

15 

1 

283 

3,261 

Total  native  white . . 

214.945 

45,847 

5, 776 

7,565 

967 

10,288 

144,502 

Under  10  years . . 

53,  962 

264 

1 

4 

74 

53  619 

10  to  14  years . . 

36,434 

6.972 

399 

379 

3 

1,273 

27,408 

15  to  19  years _ _ _ 

27,421 

7,815 

1,194 

1,324 

50 

1,904 

15, 134 

20  to 24  years . . . 

20.297 

6,245 

905 

1. 215 

141 

1,611 

10, 180 

25  to  29  years . . . 

17.710 

5,528 

•  794 

1,098 

142 

1.371 

8, 777 

30  to 34  years . 

15, 221 

5.077 

702 

919 

156 

1,191 

7,176 

35  to  44  years _ 

23,314 

7,833 

1,072 

1,468 

255 

1,687 

10, 999 

45  to  54  years . . 

12. 335 

3.883 

445 

730 

131 

766 

6.380 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

5.824 

1,616 

201 

323 

63 

308 

3.313 

65  years  and  over . . 

2,427 

614 

63 

105 

26 

103 

1,516 

Native  white  males . 

106, 771 

45,606 

5,747 

6,682 

687 

8,644 

39,405 

Under  10  years . 

27, 259 

261 

1 

4 

45 

26  948 

10  to  14  years . . 

18’  775 

6, 903 

398 

317 

1.057 

10  100 

15  to  19  years . 

12, 686 

7,760 

1.188 

1,060 

16 

1,614 

1,048 

20  to  24  years . . 

9,855 

6,230 

897 

1,074 

59 

1,407 

188 

25  to  29  years _ 

8,  709 

5.506 

791 

993 

97 

1,180 

142 

30  to  34  years . . . 

7,861 

5,054 

698 

841 

124 

993 

151 

35  to  44  years . 

12,077 

7.808 

1,068 

1,327 

210 

1,368 

296 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ _ _ 

5. 957 

3, 863 

442 

671 

106 

632 

243 

55  to  64  years . .  . . 

2, 576 

1,607 

201 

297 

50 

255 

166 

65  years  and  over . 

1,016 

614 

63 

98 

25 

93 

123 

Native  white  females . 

108,174 

241 

29 

883 

280 

1,644 

105,01)7 

Under  10  years  . . 

26, 703 

3 

29 

26. 671 

10  to  14  years . 

17, 659 

69 

1 

62 

3 

216 

17.308 

15  to  19  years . . . 

14,735 

55 

6 

264 

34 

290 

14. 086 

20  to  24  years . . 

10, 442 

15 

8 

141 

82 

204 

9.992 

25  to  29  years .  . 

9,001 

22 

3 

105 

45 

191 

8. 635 

30  to  34  years .  . 

7, 360 

23 

4 

78 

32 

198 

7,025 

35  to  44  years . . 

11.237 

‘)K 

4 

141 

45 

319 

10,  703 

45  to  54  years _ _ 

ti,  378 

20 

3 

59 

25 

134 

6. 137 

55  to 64  years. .  . 

3, 248 

9 

26 

13 

53 

3. 147 

65  years  and  over 

1,411 

7 

- 1 

1 

10 

1.393 

OCCUPATIONS 


449 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Persona] 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

29,823 

11,341 

6,248 

2,388 

342 

4, 446 

5,058 

Under  10  years . . . 

429 

7 

2 

2 

6 

412 

10  to  14  years . 

567 

125 

44 

8 

1 

28 

361 

15  to  19  years . 

1,585 

537 

427 

56 

5 

188 

372 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

4,621 

1,990 

983 

267 

24 

798 

559 

25  to  29  years . . 

5,227 

2,216 

1,044 

365 

37 

929 

636 

30  to  34  years . . 

4,325 

1,801 

865 

413 

52 

673 

521 

35  to  44  years . . . . 

6,810 

2, 579 

1,544 

654 

93 

1,058 

882 

45  to  54  years . 

3,940 

1,379 

898 

404 

70 

532 

657 

55  to  64  years  .  - . . 

1,621 

526 

331 

162 

38 

182 

382 

65  years  and  over . . 

698 

181 

110 

57 

22 

52 

276 

Foreign  white  males . 

25,336 

11,322 

6,207 

2,361 

305 

4,312 

829 

Under  10  years . . 

248 

7 

2 

2 

3 

234 

10  to  14  years . 

335 

125 

42 

7 

1 

23 

137 

15  to  19  years  . . 

1,223 

537 

425 

52 

2 

180 

27 

20  to  24  years . 

4,050 

1,986 

980 

264 

16 

785 

19 

25  to  29  years . 

4, 572 

2,212 

1,038 

361 

31 

908 

22 

30  to  34  years  . 

3, 784 

1,799 

858 

410 

47 

652 

18 

35  to  44  years . . 

5, 949 

2,575 

1,533 

648 

87 

1,019 

87 

45  to  54  years  - . 

3,368 

1,377 

892 

400 

63 

516 

120 

55  to  64  years  . . 

1,318 

525 

328 

161 

36 

177 

91 

65  years  and  over . 

489 

179 

109 

56 

22 

49 

74 

Foreign  white  females . 

4,487 

19 

41 

27 

37 

134 

4,229 

Under  10  years . 

181 

3 

178 

10  to  14  years  - . 

232 

2 

1 

5 

224 

15  to  19  years . 

362 

2 

4 

3 

8 

345 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

571 

4 

3 

3 

8 

13 

540 

25  to  29  years . 

655 

4 

6 

4 

6 

21 

614 

30  to  34  years . 

541 

2 

7 

3 

5 

21 

503 

35  to  44  years . . . 

861 

4 

11 

6 

6 

39 

795 

45  to  54  years . 

572 

2 

6 

4 

7 

16 

537 

55  to  64  years  . . 

303 

1 

3 

1 

2 

5 

291 

65  vears  and  over . . 

209 

2 

1 

1 

3 

202 

Total  colored . 

111,  768 

24, 763 

1,575 

6, 864 

100 

16, 102 

62,364 

Under  10  years . 

22,818 

125 

1 

5 

100 

22, 587 

10  to  14  years  . .. . . 

14, 340 

2, 151 

66 

365 

1,199 

10. 559 

15  to  19  years . . 

11,710 

2, 793 

133 

1,159 

9 

1,987 

5, 629 

20  to  24  years  . . 

9,291 

2,268 

118 

1,053 

14 

1.757 

•4, 081 

25  to  29  years . 

8, 599 

2, 173 

155 

900 

19 

1,597 

3, 755 

30  to  34  years  . .. . . 

7, 793 

2,098 

139 

741 

16 

1.606 

3, 193 

35  to  44  years  . . 

13,028 

3,945 

221 

1,171 

22 

2, 760 

4,909 

45  to  54  years . 

10, 996 

3,919 

401 

813 

11 

2,352 

3,510 

55  to  64  years  ... . 

8,173 

3,312 

269 

492 

7 

1,768 

2,325 

65  years  and  over . . 

5,020 

1,979 

72 

165 

2 

— 

976 

1,826 

Colored  males . 

56,950 

‘33.938 

1,549 

6,117 

77 

9,234 

16,035 

Under  10  years . 

11.413 

117 

1 

4 

39 

11,252 

10  to  14  years _ 

7,273 

2,129 

65 

328 

733 

4,018 

15  to  19  years . . 

5;  322 

2, 744 

132 

976 

6 

1, 144 

320 

20  to  24  years . 

4,240 

2,228 

117 

880 

8 

965 

42 

25  to  29  years  . _ _ 

3,983 

2, 122 

154 

763 

11 

883 

50 

30  to  34  years  . . 

3, 679 

2,027 

138 

655 

14 

809 

36 

35  to  44  years . 

6,588 

3, 780 

216 

1,090 

21 

1,433 

48 

45  to  54  years  . . 

6,349 

3, 753 

397 

781 

8 

1,354 

56 

55  to  64  years . . . 

5,  J44 

3, 172 

262 

482 

7 

1,168 

53 

65  years  and  over . 

2,959 

1,866 

67 

158 

2 

706 

160 

Colored  females . 

54,818 

825 

26 

747 

23 

6, 868 

46,329 

Under  10  years . 

11,405 

8 

1 

61 

11,335 

10  to  14  years . 

7'  067 

22 

1 

37 

466 

6,541 

15  to  19  years  . . 

6, 388 

49 

1 

183 

3 

843 

5, 309 

20  to  24  years . 

5, 051 

40 

1 

173 

6 

792 

4,039 

25  to  29  years . 

4, 616 

51 

1 

137 

8 

714 

3,  705 

30  to  34  years  . . 

4,114 

71 

1 

86 

2 

797 

3, 157 

35  to  44  years . 

6, 440 

165 

5 

81 

1 

1,327 

4,861 

45  to  54  years . . 

4,647 

166 

4 

32 

3 

998 

3,  )  1 1 

55  to  64  years . 

3. 029 

140 

7 

10 

600 

2,272 

65  years  and  over . . 

2,061 

113 

5 

7 

270 

1, 666 

24662 


29 


450 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . - . 

327, 715 

68,699 

9,270 

14,895 

1,028 

14,885 

218,938 

Under  10  years . 

89, 698 

182 

7 

33 

95 

89  381 

10  to  14  years . 

51,904 

9,431 

392 

999 

2 

1,373 

39, 707 

15  to  19  years . 

36,278 

10, 122 

1,370 

2,860 

75 

2, 145 

19,706 

20  to  24  years . 

24,358 

7,366 

1.362 

2,124 

130 

1.844 

11,532 

25  to  29  years . 

20, 974 

6,120 

1,172 

1,869 

139 

1,824 

9,850 

30  to  34  years . 

22,337 

6,786 

1,174 

1,952 

146 

1.783 

10, 496 

35  to  44  years . - . 

38,735 

13, 181 

2,119 

2,795 

256 

2,876 

17,508 

45  to  54  years . . . 

23,438 

8,462 

1,097 

1,369 

162 

1,713 

10,635 

55  to  64  years . . 

12,629 

4, 558 

427 

647 

83 

870 

6,044 

65  years  and  over . 

7,364 

2,491 

150 

247 

35 

362 

4,079 

Total  males . 

163,845 

67,443 

9,140 

12,991 

789 

10, 162 

63,320 

TTndor  10  vears . . 

45,869 

178 

7 

30 

48 

45  606 

10  to  14  years . 

26,551 

9,309 

392 

872 

1 

964 

15,013 

15  to  19  years. . . 

16. 506 

9,981 

1.369 

2,236 

28 

1,518 

1,374 

20  to  24  years . . 

12, 021 

7,261 

1,353 

1,767 

68 

1,378 

194 

25  to  29  years . 

10,395 

6,035 

1,159 

1.625 

107 

1,355 

114 

30  to  34  years . . 

11,055 

6, 666 

1,162 

1,760 

120 

1,244 

103 

35  to  44  years . . 

19,945 

12,909 

2, 089 

2,537 

220 

1,921 

269 

45  to  54  years . 

12,043 

8,241 

1,059 

1,300 

143 

1,058 

242 

55  to  64  years . 

6,161 

4.425 

408 

626 

70 

463 

169 

65  years  and  over . . 

3,299 

2,438 

142 

238 

32 

213 

236 

Total  females . 

163,870 

1,256 

130 

1,904 

239 

4,723 

155, 618 

Under  10  years . 

43,829 

4 

3 

47 

43, 775 

10  to  14  years . 

25, 353 

122 

127 

1 

409 

24, 694 

15  to  19  years . 

19;  772 

141 

1 

624 

47 

627 

18,332 

20  to  24  years . 

12,337 

105 

9 

357 

62 

166 

11,338 

25  to  29  years . 

10, 579 

85 

13 

244 

32 

169 

9,736 

30  to 34  years - - 

11,282 

120 

12 

192 

26 

539 

10,393 

35  to  44  years . 

18, 790 

272 

30 

258 

36 

955 

17,239 

45  to  54  years . 

11,395 

221 

38 

69 

19 

655 

10,393 

55  to  64  years . 

6,468 

133 

19 

21 

13 

407 

5,875 

65  years  and  over . 

4, 065 

53 

8 

9 

3 

149 

3,843 

Total  native  white . 

167, 797 

35,424 

4,596 

4,033 

715 

4,209 

118,820 

Tinder  10  years  . 

49, 302 

129 

4 

7 

34 

49.128 

IQ  to  14  years . . 

28, 647 

5,726 

297 

287 

1 

584 

21, 752 

15  to  19  years - - 

19, 356 

5.587 

964 

865 

61 

836 

11,043 

20  to  24  years . 

12, 045 

3, 780 

737 

617 

99 

603 

6,209 

25  to  29  years . 

9,558 

2,940 

504 

475 

89 

460 

5,090 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

10, 836 

3, 418 

573 

513 

100 

451 

5, 781 

35  to  44  years _ 

18, 895 

6,843 

938 

718 

175 

704 

9, 517 

45  to  54  years . 

10, 739 

4.041 

395 

341 

105 

348 

5,509 

55  to  64  years . 

5, 509 

2,027 

138 

162 

58 

132 

2,992 

65  years  and  over . 

2,910 

933 

46 

48 

27 

57 

1,799 

Native  white  males . 

82,292 

35,240 

4,568 

3,420 

508 

3,523 

35,033 

Under  10  years  . . 

25.527 

128 

4 

5 

21 

25,369 

10  to  14  years . 

14,683 

5,682 

297 

240 

452 

8. 012 

15  to  19  years . . . 

8, 7415 

5,552 

964 

676 

19 

692 

843 

20  to  24  years . . . 

5,727 

3,768 

733 

515 

45 

529 

137 

25  to  29  years . . 

4,375 

2, 929 

500 

392 

66 

401 

87 

30  to  :14  years . 

4, 958 

3,403 

571 

455 

77 

383 

69 

35  to  44  years . . 

9,273 

6,810 

931 

618 

144 

595 

175 

45  to  54  years . . 

5.254 

4,022 

387 

320 

87 

291 

147 

55  to  64  years . 

2,558 

2.017 

135 

152 

46 

111 

97 

65  years  and  over . 

1,191 

929 

46 

47 

24 

48 

97 

Native  white  females _ 

85,505 

184 

28 

613 

207 

686 

83,787 

Under  10  years . 

23, 775 

1 

2 

13 

23, 759 

10  to  14  years .  . 

13i  954 

44 

47 

1 

132 

13, 740 

15  to  19  years . 

10,610 

35 

189 

42 

144 

10.200 

20  to  24  years .  . 

6,318 

12 

4 

102 

54 

74 

6,072 

25  to  29  years . 

5, 183 

11 

4 

83 

23 

59 

5,003 

30  to  34  years . . 

5,878 

15 

2 

58 

23 

68 

5,  712 

35  to  44  years  . .  . 

9, 622 

3} 

i 

100 

31 

109 

9,342 

45  to  54  years  _ _ 

5, 485 

19 

8 

21 

18 

57 

5,362 

55  to  64  years . . 

2, 951 

10 

3 

10 

12 

21 

2, 895 

65  years  and  over . . 

1,719 

4 

- - 

1 

3 

9 

1.702 

OCCUPATIONS 


451 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 
.  and 
trans¬ 
porta¬ 
tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

13,313 

4,392 

3,318 

1,026 

219 

2,210 

2, 148 

Under  lOyears . . . 

318 

1 

317 

If)  to  14  years  _ 

271 

24 

23 

2 

17 

205 

15  to  19  years.... . 

559 

93 

210 

26 

4 

59 

167 

20  to  24  years . 

1,477 

455 

471 

66 

21 

256 

208 

25  to  29  years . 

2, 189 

790 

514 

172 

34 

461 

218 

30  to  34  years . 

1,960 

724 

446 

173 

35 

385 

197 

35  to  44  years.... . 

3, 485 

1,273 

876 

335 

59 

622 

320 

45  to  54  years . 

1.975 

676 

522 

177 

47 

309 

244 

55  to  64  years . . 

753 

252 

191 

61 

14 

84 

151 

65  years  and  over . 

326 

105 

65 

14 

5 

16 

121 

Foreign  white  males  . . 

11,446 

4,379 

3,298 

995 

207 

2, 134 

433 

Under  10  years . 

158 

1 

157 

in  to  1 4  years  .  _ 

146 

24 

23 

2 

13 

84 

15  to  19  years — . . 

397 

93 

210 

20 

4 

54 

16 

20  to  24  years. . . 

1,259 

455 

468 

63 

19 

246 

8 

25  to  29  years . 

1,948 

789 

510 

167 

30 

443 

9 

30  to  34  years . . 

1,749 

721 

444 

169 

33 

376 

6 

35  to  44  years. . . 

3,160 

1,267 

869 

328 

56 

607 

33 

45  to  54 years.... . 

1,762 

674 

521 

172 

46 

299 

50 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

626 

251 

189 

60 

14 

80 

32 

65  years  and  over . 

241 

105 

64 

14 

5 

15 

38 

Foreign  white  females . 

1,867 

13 

20 

31 

12 

76 

1,715 

Under  10  vea.rs _ 

160 

160 

10  to  14  years . . . 

125 

4 

121 

15  to  19  years . . . 

162 

6 

5 

151 

20  to  24  years . 

218 

3 

3 

2 

10 

200 

25  to  29  years . . . 

241 

1 

4 

5 

4 

18 

209 

30  to  34 years.. . 

211 

3 

2 

4 

2 

9 

191 

35  to  44  years . . 

325 

6 

7 

rr 

7 

3 

15 

287 

45  to  54  years . . 

213 

2 

1 

5 

1 

10 

194 

55  to  64  years.  _ 

127 

1 

2 

1 

4 

119 

65  years  and  over . 

85 

1 

1 

83 

Total  colored  . . 

146, 605 

28, 883 

1,356 

9,836 

94 

8,466 

97,970 

Under  10  years . . 

40, 078 

53 

3 

26 

60 

39, 936 

10  to  14  years - 

22, 986 

3, 681 

72 

710 

1 

772 

17, 750 

15  to  19  years  . 

16, 363 

4,442 

196 

1,969 

10 

1,250 

8,496 

20  to  24  years . . 

10,836 

3,131 

154 

1,441 

10 

985 

5,115 

25  to  29  years . . 

9,227 

2,390 

154 

1,222 

16 

903 

4,542 

30  to  34  years . 

9.541 

2,644 

155 

1,266 

11 

947 

4,518 

35  to  14  years . 

16,355 

5,065 

305 

1,742 

22 

1,550 

7,671 

45  to  54  years . . . . 

10, 724 

3, 745 

180 

851 

10 

1,056 

4,882 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

6,367 

2,279 

98 

424 

11 

654 

2,901 

65  years  and  over . . 

4,128 

1,453 

39 

185 

3 

289 

2, 159 

Colored  males . . . 

70, 107 

27,824 

1,274 

8,576 

74 

4,505 

27,854 

Under  10  years . . 

20,184 

50 

3 

25 

26 

20, 080 

10  to  14  years . . 

11,722 

3,603 

72 

630 

1 

499 

6, 917 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

7,363 

4,336 

195 

1,540 

5 

772 

515 

20  to  24  years .  . . 

5,035 

3,038 

152 

1,189 

4 

603 

49 

25  to  29  years  . 

4, 072 

2,317 

149 

1, 066 

11 

511 

18 

30  to  34  years  . . . . 

4,348 

2,542 

147 

1,136 

10 

485 

28 

35  to  44  years . . 

7,512 

4,832 

289 

1,591 

20 

719 

61 

45  to  54  years . 

5, 027 

3,545 

151 

808 

10 

468 

45 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

2,977 

2,157 

84 

414 

10 

272 

40 

65  years  and  over. . . 

1,867 

1,404 

32 

177 

3 

150 

101 

Colored  females . 

76, 498 

1,059 

82 

1,260 

20 

3,961 

70, 116 

Under  10  years . 

19,894 

3 

1 

34 

19, 856 

10  to  14  years  . 

11,264 

78 

80 

273 

10, 833 

15  to  19  years  . .  . . 

9,000 

106 

1 

429 

5 

478 

7,981 

20  to  24  years . 

5, 801 

93 

2 

252 

6 

382 

5, 066 

25  to  29  years . 

5, 155 

73 

5 

156 

5 

392 

4, 524 

30  to  34  years . 

5,193 

102 

8 

130 

1 

462 

4, 490 

35  to  44  years . 

8, 843 

233 

16 

151 

2 

831 

7,610 

45  to  54  years . . 

5, 697 

200 

29 

43 

588 

4,837 

55  to  64  years . 

3, 390 

122 

14 

10 

1 

382 

2, 861 

65  years  and  over . 

2.261 

49 

ft 

{ 

8 

139 

2,058 

452 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

9 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 
ture,  , 
fisheries, 
and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . . . 

30,038 

901 

3,065 

3,221 

294 

4,004 

18,553 

Under  10  years 

6,538 

2 

28 

6  508 

10  to  14  years _ _ _ 

3’ 892 

47 

91 

163 

241 

3,350 

15  to  19  years  - . . 

3,295 

91 

377 

526 

12 

488 

1,801 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

3, 056 

98 

553 

521 

51 

479 

1,354 

25  to  29  years . . 

2,684 

97 

499 

399 

44 

532 

1,113 

30  to  34  years . . 

2,373 

120 

403 

391 

51 

482 

926 

35  to  44  years _ _ _ 

3,847 

176 

600 

671 

70 

809 

1,521 

45  to  54  years - - 

2,360 

130 

347 

341 

34 

542 

966 

55  to  64  years . . 

1,285 

91 

142 

146 

20 

292 

594 

65  years  and  over _ 

708 

51 

51 

63 

12 

111 

420 

Total  males . 

14,589 

891 

3,038 

2,869 

220 

2,510 

5,061 

Under  10  years 

3, 198 

2 

13 

3,183 

10  to  14  years  . - . 

l’883 

47 

88 

154 

131 

1,463 

15  to  19  years  . 

1,415 

91 

376 

441 

6 

316 

185 

20  to  24  years . 

1,502 

96 

550 

•456 

26 

341 

33 

25  to  29  years  . . 

1,342 

96 

494 

343 

33 

362 

14 

30  to  34  years . 

1,214 

119 

399 

340 

41 

297 

18 

35  to  44  years . 

1,963 

172 

597 

618 

59 

477 

40 

45  to  54  years . 

1,173 

128 

341 

317 

25 

323 

39 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

603 

91 

140 

139 

18 

182 

33 

65  years  and  over . 

% 

2116 

51 

51 

61 

12 

68 

53 

Total  females .  . 

15,449 

10 

27 

352 

74 

1,494 

13,492 

TTrider  10  years 

3,340 

15 

3,325 

10  to  14  years  .  _  _ 

2^009 

3 

9 

110 

1,887 

15  to  19  years  _ 

E880 

1 

85 

6 

172 

1.616 

20  to  24  years . . 

1,554 

2 

3 

65 

25 

138 

1.321 

25  to  29  years . 

1,342 

1 

5 

56 

11 

170 

1,099 

30  to  34  years  . . 

1,159 

1 

4 

51 

10 

185 

908 

35  to  44  years . 

1.884 

4 

3 

53 

11 

332 

1,481 

45  to  54  years . 

1.187 

2 

6 

24 

9 

219 

927 

SS  tn  64  yea.rs 

682 

2 

7 

2 

110 

561 

06  years  and  over 

412 

2 

43 

367 

Total  native  white . . 

15,735 

334 

1,260 

1,438 

175 

1,038 

11,490 

Under  10  years 

4, 157 

10 

4,147 

10  to  1 4  years 

2, 390 

29 

63 

72 

90 

2, 136 

15  to  19  years . 

E920 

46 

241 

258 

10 

172 

1,193 

20  to  24  years . . 

1.593 

49 

243 

233 

36 

173 

859 

25  to 29 years.. . 

1.227 

33 

187 

185 

28 

159 

635 

30  to  34  years - - 

1,044 

46 

156 

150 

31 

123 

538 

35  to  44  years . 

1,712 

53 

196 

305 

43 

184 

931 

45  to  54  years . - 

928 

39 

102 

144 

14 

81 

548 

55  to  64  vears . . 

502 

24 

48 

66 

8 

34 

322 

65  years  and  over _ 

262 

15 

24 

25 

5 

12 

181 

Native  white  males . 

7,045 

334 

1.252 

1,287 

130 

836 

3,206 

Under  10  years 

2,011 

7 

2,004 

10  to  14  vears. 

1,159 

29 

63 

68 

59 

940 

15  to  19  years . . 

792 

46 

240 

215 

5 

146 

140 

20  to  24  years . . . 

702 

49 

241 

212 

19 

156 

25 

25  to  29  years . 

549 

33 

185 

167 

22 

133 

9 

:i0  to  34  years . . 

472 

46 

156 

135 

25 

98 

12 

35  to  44  years . . 

717 

53 

195 

275 

37 

130 

2 7 

45  to  54  years . 

371 

39 

100 

132 

10 

69 

21 

55  to  64  years _ 

177 

24 

48 

59 

7 

27 

12 

65  years  and  over. . 

95 

15 

24 

24 

5 

— 

11 

16 

Native  white  females  . 

8,690 

8 

151 

45 

202 

8,281 

Under  10  years . 

2,146 

3 

2.  143 

10  to  14  years .  . . 

1 . 231 

4 

31 

1, 196 

15  to  19  years 

1. 128 

1 

43 

5 

26 

1,053 

20  to  24  years 

891 

2 

21 

17 

17 

831 

25  to  29  years .  .  .. 

678 

2 

18 

6 

26 

626 

30  to  34  years 

572 

15 

6 

25 

526 

35  to  44  years . . 

995 

i 

30 

6 

54 

904 

45  to  54  years . 

557 

9 

12 

4 

12 

527 

55  to  04  years 

325 

1 

7 

310 

65  years  and  over 

167 

1 

1 

165 

OCCUPATIONS 


453 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  CIENFUEGOS— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . . . . 

3,485 

178 

1,577 

405 

91 

607 

627 

Under  10  years _ 

59 

1 

58 

10  to  14  years _  _ 

70 

2 

15 

1 

1 

51 

15  to  19  years - - 

169 

5 

106 

6 

2 

19 

31 

20  to  24  years _ 

459 

18 

375 

38 

11 

56 

61 

25  to  29  years  . . . 

515 

21 

286 

46 

12 

89 

61 

30  to  34  years  . . . . 

502 

32 

222 

70 

14 

103 

61 

35  to  44  years  . . . 

850 

49 

363 

121 

23 

174 

120 

45  to  54  years  . . - 

540 

36 

218 

76 

14 

111 

85 

55  to  64  years _ 

217 

9 

68 

36 

9 

40 

55 

65  years  and  over _ _ 

104 

6 

23 

11 

6 

14 

44 

Foreign  white  males  _ _ 

2,900 

177 

1,562 

393 

75 

574 

119 

Under  10  years _ _ 

35 

1 

,  34 

10  to  14  years . . .. 

41 

2 

13 

1 

1 

24 

15  to  19  years . . 

139 

5 

106 

6 

1 

18 

3 

20  to  24  years . . 

390 

17 

274 

37 

6 

52 

4 

25  to  29  years  _ _ _ 

445 

21 

283 

43 

11 

86 

1 

30  to  34  years . . 

429 

32 

219 

69 

12 

96 

1 

35  to  44  years  . . 

716 

49 

361 

116 

19 

164 

7 

45  to  54  years . . . 

455 

36 

214 

74 

12 

106 

13 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

176 

9 

68 

36 

8 

39 

16 

65  years  and  over _ 

74 

6 

23 

11 

6 

12 

16 

Foreign  white  females. . 

585 

1 

15 

12 

16 

33 

508 

Under  10  years  . . . 

24 

24 

10  to  14  years . . 

29 

2 

27 

15  to  19  years . . . . 

30 

1 

1 

28 

20  to  24  years . . 

69 

1 

1 

1 

5 

4 

57 

25  to  29  years . 

70 

3 

3 

1 

3 

CO 

30  to  34  vears . 

73 

3 

1 

2 

7 

60 

35  to  44  years  . 

134 

2 

5 

4 

10 

113 

45  to  54  years  . . 

85 

4 

2 

2 

5 

72 

55  to  64  years . 

41 

1 

1 

39 

65  years  and  over  . . 

30 

2 

28 

Total  colored . . . 

10,818 

389 

228 

1,378 

28 

2,359 

6,436 

Under  10  years . . 

2,322 

1 

18 

2. 303 

10  to  14  years . 

1,432 

16 

13 

90 

150 

1,163 

15  to  19  years . 

l’  206 

40 

30 

262 

297 

'577 

20  to  24  years _ 

1,004 

31 

35 

250 

4 

250 

434 

25  to  29  years  . . . . 

942 

43 

26 

168 

4 

284 

417 

30  to  34  years . . . 

827 

42 

25 

171 

6 

256 

327 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

1.285 

74 

41 

245 

4 

451 

470 

45  to  54  years _ 

892 

55 

27 

121 

6 

350 

3: 13 

55  to  64  years  ...  . 

566 

58 

26 

44 

3 

218 

217 

65  years  and  over  . 

342 

30 

4 

27 

1 

85 

195 

Colored  males . . . 

4,644 

380 

224 

1, 189 

15 

1,100 

1,736 

Under  10  years  . . 

1,152 

1 

6 

1,145 

10  to  14  years _ .  . . 

683 

16 

12 

85 

71 

499 

15  to  19  years _ 

484 

40 

30 

220 

152 

42 

20  to  24  years . . 

410 

30 

35 

207 

1 

133 

4 

25  to  29  years _ 

348 

42 

26 

183 

143 

4 

30  to  34  years . .  . . . _ 

313 

41 

24 

136 

4 

103 

5 

35  to  44  years . . 

530 

70 

41 

227 

3 

183 

6 

45  to  54  years . . 

347 

53 

•27 

111 

3 

148 

5 

55  to  64  years . 

250 

58 

24 

44 

3 

116 

5 

65  years"  and  over . 

127 

30 

4 

26 

1 

45 

21 

Colored  females .  . . 

6,174 

9 

4 

189 

13 

1,259 

4,700 

Under  10  years  . . . 

1,170 

12 

1,158 

10  to  14  years . . 

749 

1 

5 

79 

(>64 

15  to  19  years . 

722 

42 

145 

535 

20  to  24  years . . 

594 

1 

43 

3 

117 

430 

25  to  29  years  . . 

594 

1 

35 

4 

141 

413 

30  to  34  years . . 

514 

1 

1 

35 

2 

153 

322 

35  to  44  years . 

755 

4 

18 

1 

268 

464 

45  to  54  years . 

545 

2 

10 

3 

202 

328 

55  to  64  years . . 

316 

2 

102 

212 

65  years  and  over . . 

215 

1 

40 

174 

454  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 


CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . . . 

235,981 

715 

31,351 

31,913 

3,655 

40,366 

127,981 

Under  10  years . 

42,111 

2 

14 

22 

1 

187 

41.885 

10  to  14  years . 

23, 996 

11 

713 

1,579 

11 

2,094 

19,588 

.  15  to  19  years . 

25.319 

37 

3, 766 

4,827 

104 

4,524 

12,061 

20  to  24  years . 

27. 599 

78 

5, 859 

5,105 

362 

5,589 

10, 606 

25  to  29  years  . . . 

26,357 

113 

5,175 

5,215 

547 

5,943 

9,364 

30  to  34  years . 

21,982 

85 

4,227 

4,207 

574 

5,209 

7,680 

35  to  44  years  - . 

32. 354 

163 

6,283 

5,901 

960 

7,549 

11,498 

45  to  54  years . 

19,414 

107 

3.273 

3,036 

645 

5,045 

7,308 

55  to  64  years  . . 

11.066 

70 

1,521 

1,540 

293 

2,896 

4,746 

65  years  and  over . - 

5, 783 

49 

520 

481 

158 

1,330 

3,245 

Total  males . . 

123,258 

703 

31,135 

28, 187 

3,091 

26,794 

33,348 

Under  10  years . 

20, 726 

1 

13 

17 

1 

92 

20,602 

10  to  14  years . 

11,700 

11 

707 

1,400 

8 

1.102 

8,472 

15  to  19  years . 

12, 450 

37 

3,738 

4, 004 

68 

2.911 

1,692 

20  to  24  years  . . 

15, 164 

77 

5. 815 

4,383 

260 

4,075 

554 

25  to  29  years . - . 

15,025 

113 

5,140 

4,677 

435 

4,348 

312 

30  to  34  years . 

12. 418 

85 

4.204 

3,793 

509 

3,620 

207 

35  to  44  years . 

17,852 

162 

6.241 

5,296 

825 

4,958 

370 

45  to  54  years . - . 

10,224 

106 

3,252 

2, 762 

585 

3, 162 

357 

55  to  64  years . - . 

5,384 

69 

1,508 

1.402 

258 

1,799 

348 

65  years  and  over . 

2,315 

42 

517 

453 

142 

727 

434 

Total  females . 

112, 723 

12 

216 

3,726 

564 

13,572 

94,633 

Under  10  years . 

21,385 

1 

1 

5 

95 

21.283 

10  to  14  years . 

12,296 

6 

179 

3 

992 

11.116 

15  to  19  years . 

12, 869 

28 

823 

36 

1,613 

10, 369 

20  to  24  years  . . 

12,435 

1 

44 

722 

102 

1,514 

10,052 

25  to  29  years . . 

11,332 

35 

538 

112 

1,595 

9, 052 

30  to  34  years . 

9,564 

23 

414 

65 

1,589 

7;  473 

35  to  44  years . 

14,502 

1 

42 

605 

135 

2;  591 

11,128 

45  to  54  years . 

9,190 

1 

21 

274 

60 

1,883 

6, 951 

55  to  64  years . 

5,682 

1 

13 

138 

&5 

1,097 

4. 398 

65  years  and  over . . 

3,468 

7 

3 

28 

16 

603 

2,811 

Total  native  white . . 

115,532 

294 

7,931 

13, 135 

2,366 

8,972 

82,834 

Under  10  years . 

28,733 

2 

9 

6 

1 

17 

28. 698 

10  to  14  years . 

15,336 

9 

373 

806 

5 

628 

13,515 

15  to  19  years  . . 

14,170 

19 

1.368 

2, 496 

77 

1,528 

8,682 

20  to  24  years . 

12,494 

26 

1,364 

2,291 

262 

1,626 

6, 925 

25  to  29  years- . . 

10,684 

35 

1,129 

2, 067 

355 

1.4:13 

5, 665 

30  to  34  years . 

8,678 

33 

978 

1,674 

370 

1. 139 

4,484 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

12,483 

66 

1,475 

2,146 

640 

1,435 

6,721 

45  to  54  years . 

6, 9!38 

40 

732 

1,026 

400 

706 

4,034 

55  to  64  years . 

3.919 

37 

361 

464 

161 

326 

2, 570 

65  years  and  over . . 

2.097 

27 

142 

159 

95 

134 

1,540 

Native  white  males . . 

52,940 

292 

7,845 

11,998 

2,001 

7,832 

22. 972 

Under  10  years . 

14,310 

1 

8 

4 

1 

12 

14,284 

10  to  14  years . 

7,402 

9 

370 

741 

3 

449 

5, 830 

15  to  19  years . 

6,268 

19 

1,350 

2,184 

45 

1,314 

1 , 356 

20  to  24  vears  . . 

5, 531 

26 

1,335 

2,054 

184 

1,471 

461 

25  to  29  years  . . 

•  4, 900 

35 

1,116 

1 , 944 

279 

1,311 

215 

30  to  34  years . 

4,046 

33 

975 

1.559 

332 

1,022 

125 

35  to  44  years . 

5,545 

66 

1,461 

1.979 

561 

1,254 

221 

45  to  54  years . . 

2.868 

40 

728 

948 

364 

618 

170 

55  to  64  vears . . 

1,407 

37 

361 

431 

145 

273 

160 

65  years  and  over . 

663 

26 

141 

154 

87 

108 

147 

Native  white  females . 

62,592 

2 

86 

1,137 

365 

1,140 

59,862 

Under  10  years  . . 

14,423 

1 

1 

2 

5 

14.414 

10  to  14  years . 

7,934 

3 

65 

2 

179 

7,685 

15  to  19  years . 

7,902 

18 

312 

32 

214 

7,326 

20  to  24  years . 

6, 963 

29 

237 

78 

155 

6,464 

25  to  29  years  . 

5.  784 

13 

123 

76 

122 

5, 4,)0 

30  to  34  years . 

4.632 

3 

115 

38 

117 

4  3o9 

35  to  44  years . 

6.9:38 

14 

167 

79 

181 

6, 497 

45  to  54  years . 

4.070 

4 

78 

36 

88 

3,8t)i 

55  to  64  years . 

2,512 

33 

16 

53 

2,410 

65  years”  and  over  . 

l’  434 

1 

1 

5 

8 

26 

1>.« 

OCCUPATIONS 


455 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OP  HABANA— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

52,901 

274 

21,412 

7,512 

1,074 

10, 792 

11,837 

Under  10  years . 

1,278 

2 

1 

4 

1,271 

10  to  14  years . . 

1.054 

269 

70 

2 

66 

647 

15  to  19  years . . 

3;  689 

9 

2, 179 

433 

12 

479 

577 

20  to  24  years  . . 

8,051 

35 

4,209 

997 

78 

1,631 

1,101 

25  to  29  years . — 

8,770 

50 

3,770 

1,44M 

156 

1,980 

1,374 

30  to  34  years . — 

7,463 

33 

2, 992 

1,190 

178 

1,782 

1,288 

35  to  44  years . 

11,264 

66 

4,443 

1,829 

267 

2,515 

2,144 

45  to  54  years . - . . 

6,454 

46 

2,278 

936 

209 

1,394 

1,591 

55  to  64  years . — 

3, 323 

22 

969 

474 

116 

683 

1,059 

65  years  and  over . 

1,555 

13 

301 

142 

56 

258 

785 

Foreign  white  males . . 

41,190 

272 

21,304 

7,290 

891 

9,629 

1,804 

Under  10  years  . . . - 

613 

2 

1 

2 

608 

10  to  14  years . - . 

656 

267 

66 

1 

52 

270 

15  to  19  years . - . 

3,118 

9 

2, 169 

409 

9 

428 

94 

20  to  24  years _ _ 

6, 791 

35 

4,195 

968 

59 

1,486 

48 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

7,192 

50 

3, 752 

1,412 

124 

1,781 

73 

30  to  34  years . . 

5,972 

&3 

2, 975 

1,163 

152 

1,592 

57 

35  to  44  years . . 

8, 854 

66 

4,418 

1,783 

214 

2,245 

128 

45  to  54  years  . . 

4,788 

46 

2,266 

902 

186 

1,226 

162 

55  to  64  years  . . - . 

2,285 

22 

960 

449 

98 

594 

162 

65  years  and  over . — 

921 

11 

300 

137 

48 

223 

202 

Foreign  white  females . 

11,711 

2 

108 

222 

183 

1,163 

10,033 

Under  10  years . 

665 

2 

663 

10  to  14  years  . . 

398 

2 

4 

1 

14 

377 

15  to  19  years . . . 

571 

10 

24 

3 

51 

483 

20  to  24  years  _ _ 

1,260 

14 

29 

19 

145 

1,053 

25  to  29  years . 

1,578 

18 

28 

32 

199 

1, 301 

30  to  34  years . . 

1,491 

17 

27 

26 

190 

1,231 

35  to  44  years . 

2,410 

25 

46 

53 

270 

2,016 

45  to  54  years  . . . 

1,666 

12 

34 

23 

168 

1,429 

55  to  64  years . . 

F038 

9 

25 

18 

89 

'897 

65  years" and  over . 

634 

2 

1 

5 

8 

35 

583 

Total  colored  _ _ _ 

67,548 

147 

2,008 

11,266 

215 

20,602 

33,310 

Under  10  years . 

12, 100 

3 

15 

166 

11,916 

10  to  14  years . 

7,606 

2 

71 

703 

4 

1.400 

5,426 

15  to  19  years . . 

7,460 

9 

219 

1,898 

15 

2,517 

2, 802 

20  to  24  years . 

7,054 

17 

286 

1,817 

22 

2,332 

2,580 

25  to  29  years . 

6, 903 

28 

276 

1,708 

36 

2,530 

2.325 

30  to  34  years . . . 

5,841 

19 

257 

1,343 

26 

2,288 

1,908 

35  to  44  years. . . 

8, 607 

31 

365 

1.926 

53 

3,599 

2,633 

45  to  54  years . . 

6,022 

21 

263 

1.074 

36 

2,945 

1,683 

55  to  64  years . 

3,824 

11 

191 

602 

16 

1,887 

1,117 

65  years  and  over . 

2, 131 

9 

77 

180 

7 

938 

920 

Colored  males . . 

29, 128 

139 

1,986 

8,899 

199 

9,333 

8,572 

Under  10  years . 

5,803 

3 

12 

78 

5,710 

10  to  14  years. . . 

3,642 

2 

70 

593 

4 

601 

2,372 

15  to  19 years . . 

3,064 

9 

219 

1,411 

14 

1,169 

242 

20  to 24  years . . 

2,842 

16 

285 

1,361 

17 

1,118 

45 

25  to  29  years . . . 

2,933 

28 

272 

1,321 

32 

1,256 

24 

30  to  34  years . 

2,400 

19 

254 

1,071 

25 

1,006 

25 

35  to  44  years . . 

3,543 

30 

362 

1,534 

50 

1,459 

18 

45  to  54  years . 

2,568 

20 

258 

912 

35 

1,318 

25 

55  to  64  years . . . . 

1,692 

10 

187 

522 

15 

932 

26 

65  years  and  over . 

731 

5 

76 

162 

7 

396 

85 

Colored  females . . 

38,420 

8 

22 

2,367 

16 

11,269 

24,738 

Under  10  years . 

6,297 

3 

88 

6,206 

10  to  14  years. . 

3i  964 

1 

110 

799 

3, 054 

15  to  19  years . . 

4,396 

487 

1 

1,348 

2,560 

20  to  24  years . 

4,212 

1 

1 

456 

5 

1,214 

2;  535 

25  to  29  years . 

3, 970 

4 

387 

4 

1,274 

2,301 

30  to 34  years. . . . 

3,441 

3 

272 

1 

1,282 

1,883 

35  to  44  years . . 

5, 154 

1 

3 

392 

3 

2,140 

2,615 

45  to 54  years. . . . 

3,544 

1 

5 

162 

1 

1,627 

1,658 

55  to  64  years  . 

2, 132 

1 

4 

80 

1 

955 

1,091 

65  years  and  over _ 

1,400 

4 

1 

18 

542 

835 

456  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total . 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total. . - . 

36,374 

1,823 

3,338 

4, 125 

426 

4,608 

22,054 

TTndpr  10  years . . . 

7.328 

4 

2 

1 

33 

7  288 

10  to  14  years . 

4,876 

84 

125 

216 

5 

307 

4. 1:59 

15  to  19  years . 

4.187 

281 

422 

692 

22 

550 

2.220 

20  to  24  years . 

3. 751 

251 

524 

661 

43 

585 

1, 687 

25  to  29  years . 

3,374 

235 

449 

547 

65 

585 

1.493 

30  to  34  years . 

2. 679 

212 

371 

449 

57 

513 

1.077 

35  to  44  years  . . 

4.384 

301 

681 

786 

102 

847 

1 , 667 

45  to  54  years  . . 

2.908 

214 

409 

444 

65 

607 

1,169 

55  to  64  years  .  . 

1.759 

140 

247 

222 

46 

379 

(  fV*) 

65  years  and  over . 

1.128 

105 

106 

106 

20 

202 

589 

Total  males . 

16, 926 

1,805 

3,304 

3,217 

333 

2,003 

6,264 

Under  10  years  . . . 

3.642 

4 

1 

1 

14 

3  622 

10  to  14  years . 

2,343 

83 

125 

158 

4 

127 

1,846 

15  to  19  years . 

1.787 

281 

417 

469 

13 

243 

364 

20  to  24  years  . . 

1,671 

251 

521 

491 

26 

310 

72 

25  to  29  years . 

1.470 

235 

447 

411 

43 

277 

57 

30  to  34  years . 

1.243 

211 

370 

361 

46 

216 

39 

35  to  44  years . . 

2.103 

296 

673 

657 

89 

336 

52 

45  to  54  years . . . 

1.332 

211 

406 

376 

56 

2 99 

61 

55  to  64  years . 

867 

137 

246 

204 

38 

180 

62 

65  years  and  over . 

468 

100 

95 

89 

17 

78 

89 

Total  females . 

19,448 

18 

34 

908 

93 

2,605 

15,790 

Under  10  years  . . 

3.686 

1 

19 

3, 666 

10  to  14  years  . . 

2, 533 

1 

58 

i 

180 

2. 293 

15  to  19  years  . 

2.400 

5 

223 

9 

307 

1  n  S56 

20  to  24  years  _ _ 

2.080 

3 

170 

17 

275 

1.615 

25  to  29  years . 

1.904 

2 

136 

22 

308 

1.436 

30  to  34  years  . . 

1.436 

1 

1 

88 

11 

297 

1,038 

35  to  44  years . 

2,281 

5 

8 

129 

13 

511 

1.615 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ 

1, 576 

3 

3 

68 

9 

385 

1,108 

55  to  64  years . 

892 

3 

1 

18 

8 

199 

663 

65  years  and  over . . 

660 

5 

11 

17 

3 

124 

500 

Total  native  white . 

20,931 

857 

1,562 

1,979 

291 

1,200 

15.042 

Under  10  years . 

4.823 

4 

2 

4 

4.813 

10  to  14  years . 

3,279 

62 

98 

108 

2 

111 

2. 898 

15  to  19  years . 

2. 738 

185 

296 

324 

19 

202 

1.712 

20  to  24  years . 

2.242 

144 

298 

338 

30 

205 

1,227 

25  to  29  years . 

1.869 

127 

212 

265 

40 

175 

1.050 

30  to  34  years . 

1,399 

104 

166 

217 

37 

137 

7:38 

35  to  44  years . 

2,240 

115 

277 

401 

70 

204 

1,173 

45  to  54  years . . 

1.306 

70 

136 

196 

50 

101 

753 

55  to  64  years  . . 

667 

35 

57 

88 

31 

46 

410 

65  years  and  over . 

368 

— 

15 

18 

40 

12 

15 

268 

Native  white  males . 

9,219 

857 

1, 553 

1,556 

216 

875 

4, 162 

Under  10  years . 

2,438 

4 

1 

2 

2,431 

10  to  14  years . 

1.567 

62 

98 

72 

1 

65 

L269 

15  to  19  years . 

1.124 

185 

293 

229 

10 

138 

269 

20  to  24  years  . . 

920 

144 

295 

256 

14 

165 

46 

25  to  29  years  . 

723 

127 

212 

203 

23 

i:34 

24 

30  to  34  years . 

595 

104 

165 

178 

30 

98 

20 

35  to  44  years . 

960 

115 

275 

334 

61 

148 

27 

45  to  54  years . 

518 

70 

136 

170 

42 

74 

26 

55  to  64  years . 

260 

35 

57 

81 

25 

37 

65  years  and  over . 

114 

15 

18 

32 

10 

14 

25 

Native  white  females . . 

11, 712 

9 

423 

. 

75 

325 

10,880 

Under  10  years . 

2,385 

i 

•) 

2. 382 

10  to  14  years . 

1.712 

36 

i 

46 

1.629 

15  to  19  years . 

1.614 

3 

95 

9 

64 

1.443 

20  to  24  years . 

1 . 322 

3 

82 

16 

40 

1. 181 

25  to  29  years . 

1.146 

62 

17 

41 

1,026 

30  to  34  years . 

804 

1 

39 

39 

718 

35  to  44  years . 

1.280 

*> 

67 

9 

56 

1. 146 

45  to  54  years . 

788 

26 

8 

27 

'727 

55  to  64  years . 

407 

6 

9 

385 

65  years  and  over . 

254 

8 

= 

- ■ 

1 

— 

2443 

OCCUPATIONS 


457 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race. — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

3,644 

225 

1,422 

377 

110 

483 

1.027 

Tinder  10  years  _ 

92 

1 

91 

lit  to  14  years  . . 

47 

9 

2 

3 

33 

15  to  19  years. .. . 

156 

4 

85 

4 

1 

19 

43 

20  to  24  years. . . 

433 

14 

193 

47 

10 

84 

85 

25  to  29  years . . 

469 

26 

198 

58 

21 

72 

94 

30  to  34  years . 

411 

29 

174 

45 

15 

67 

81 

35  to  44  years . 

769 

56 

95 

28 

96 

139 

45  to  54  years . 

587 

43 

222 

71 

12 

70 

169 

55  to  64  years  . - 

415 

33 

133 

40 

12 

53 

164 

65  years  and  over . 

245 

20 

53 

17 

8 

19 

128 

Foreign  white  males . 

2,695 

225 

1, 415 

365 

94 

412 

184 

Under  10  years _ 

,  51 

1 

50 

10  to  14  years  . . 

24 

9 

2 

3 

10 

15  to  19  years. . 

116 

4 

84 

4 

1 

19 

4 

20  to  24  years . 

350 

14 

193 

43 

10 

77 

13 

25  to  29  years. . . 

375 

26 

196 

58 

16 

66 

13 

3)  to  34  years. . . 

320 

29 

174 

43 

12 

52 

10 

35  to  44  years . 

618 

56 

352 

91 

24 

so 

15 

45  to  54  years. . . . 

419 

43 

221 

70 

11 

55 

19 

55  to  64  years. . 

284 

33 

133 

39 

10 

46 

23 

65  years  and  over . . 

138 

20 

53 

17 

7 

14 

27 

Foreign  white  females . 

949 

7 

12 

16 

71 

843 

Under  10  years  . 

41 

41 

10  to  14  years  . 

23 

23 

15  to  19  years _ _ 

40 

1 

39 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

83 

4 

7 

72 

25  to  29  years . . 

94 

2 

5 

6 

81 

30  to  34  years  .  _ 

91 

2 

3 

15 

71 

35  to  44  years  _ _ 

151 

3 

4 

4 

16 

124 

45  to  54  years . . . 

168 

1 

1 

1 

15 

150 

55  to  64  years 

151 

1 

2 

7 

141 

65  years”  and  over . 

107 

1 

5 

101 

Total  colored _ 

11, 799 

741 

354 

1,769 

25 

2,925 

5,985 

Under  10  years . . . 

2,413 

29 

2, 384 

10  to  14  years.. . . 

1,550 

22 

18 

108 

1 

193 

1,208 

15  to  19  years . 

1,293 

92 

41 

364 

2 

329 

465 

20  to  24  years . 

1,076 

93 

33 

276 

3 

296 

3*5 

25  to  29  years . . 

1,036 

82 

39 

224 

4 

338 

349 

30  to  34  years . . . . 

869 

79 

31 

187 

5 

309 

258 

35  to  44  years . . 

1,375 

130 

49 

290 

4 

547 

355 

45  to  54  years... . 

1.015 

101 

51 

177 

3 

436 

247 

55  to  61  years . . 

657 

72 

57 

94 

3 

280 

151 

65  years  and  over . . 

515 

70 

35 

49 

168 

193 

Colored  males . . . 

5,012 

723 

336 

1,296 

23 

716 

1,918 

Under  10  years  . 

1,153 

12 

1.141 

10  to  14  years . 

752 

21 

18 

86 

1 

59 

567 

15  to  19  years . 

547 

92 

40 

236 

2 

86 

91 

20  to  24  years . 

401 

93 

33 

192 

2 

68 

13 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ _ 

372 

82 

39 

150 

4 

77 

20 

30  to  34  years . . 

328 

78 

31 

140 

4 

66 

9 

35  to  44  years . . . 

525 

125 

46 

232 

4 

108 

10 

45  to  54  years . 

395 

98 

49 

136 

3 

93 

16 

55  to  64  years . 

323 

69 

56 

84 

3 

97 

14 

65  years  and  over . 

216 

65 

24 

40 

50 

37 

Colored  females . 

6,787 

18 

18 

473 

2 

2,209 

4,067 

Under  10  years . 

1,260 

17 

1,243 

10  to  14  years . 

'798 

1 

22 

134 

641 

15  to  19  years . 

746 

1 

128 

243 

374 

20  to  24  years . 

675 

84 

1 

228 

362 

25  to  29  years . 

664 

74 

261 

329 

30  to  34  years _ _ 

541 

1 

47 

1 

243 

249 

35  to  44  years . 

850 

5 

3 

58 

439 

345 

45  to  54  years _ _ _ 

620 

3 

2 

41 

343 

231 

55  to  64  years  .  . . . 

314 

3 

1 

10 

183 

137 

65  years  and  over . 

299 

5 

11 

9 

118 

156 

458 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Taele  XXV. — <  crand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

CIT  V  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries. 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . . . 

25, 102 

689 

1,415 

2, 222 

233 

3,879 

16, 664 

Under  10  years . . 

5. 872 

1 

1 

10 

5  860 

10  to  14  years . . 

3.219 

12 

40 

109 

1 

247 

2,810 

15  to  19  years . . . 

2,  (548 

76 

208 

370 

8 

585 

1,401 

20  to  24  years . 

2, 005 

65 

195 

314 

24 

444 

963 

25  to  29  years _ _ 

1.626 

53 

122 

263 

27 

379 

782 

30  to  34  years . . 

1.839 

65 

174 

234 

36 

444 

886 

35  to  44  years . . . 

3, 079 

142 

321 

371 

64 

728 

1,453 

45  to  54  years . . . 

2.263 

115 

209 

296 

37 

494 

1,112 

55  to  64  years  _ . . . . 

1.530 

92 

93 

188 

22 

319 

816 

65  years  and  over _ 

1.021 

69 

52 

76 

14 

229 

581 

Total  males . 

10,912 

683 

1,371 

1,874 

189 

2,317 

4,478 

Under  10  years . . 

2.933 

1 

1 

4 

2  927 

10  to  14  years . . 

1,515 

10 

39 

96 

1 

162 

1,207 

15  to  19  years . 

1.038 

74 

204 

295 

4 

365 

96 

20  to  24  years _ 

847 

63 

194 

267 

17 

285 

21 

25  to  29  years . 

667 

53 

120 

221 

16 

235 

22 

30  to  34  years  . . . 

740 

65 

168 

194 

27 

260 

26 

35  to  44  years . 

1,276 

142 

313 

3C1 

57 

416 

47 

45  to  54  years . 

902 

115 

194 

257 

35 

270 

31 

55  to  64  years . 

591 

92 

88 

170 

19 

175 

47 

65  years  and  over . 

403 

69 

50 

72 

13 

145 

54 

Total  females . . 

14, 190 

6 

44 

348 

44 

1,562 

12, 186 

Under  10  years . 

2,939 

6 

2,933 

10  to  14  years . 

1,704 

2 

1 

13 

85 

1,603 

15  to  19  years . 

1.610 

2 

4 

75 

4 

220 

1,305 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

1.158 

2 

1 

47 

7 

159 

942 

25  to  29  years . .  . 

959 

2 

42 

11 

141 

760 

30  to  34  years . . 

1.099 

6 

40 

9 

184 

860 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

1.803 

8 

70 

7 

312 

1.406 

45  to  54  years . . . 

1.361 

15 

39 

2 

224 

1,081 

55  to  64  years  . 

939 

5 

18 

3 

144 

'769 

65  years”  and  over . 

618 

2 

4 

1 

84 

527 

Total  native  white . 

16, 505 

463 

889 

969 

167 

1,832 

i2, 185 

Under  10  years  . . 

4.281 

1 

5 

4,275 

10  to  14  years . 

2,344 

10 

37 

49 

163 

2,085 

15  to  19  years . . . 

h  840 

57 

162 

179 

5 

373 

1,064 

‘20  to  24  years _ _ _ 

1.233 

46 

119 

131 

18 

211 

708 

25  to  29  years _ _ _ 

931 

39 

62 

101 

17 

162 

550 

30  to  34  years  . .  . 

1,178 

47 

109 

102 

30 

221 

669 

35  to  44  years . . 

1.974 

108 

211 

192 

48 

341 

1,074 

45  to  54  years  . . 

1,337 

70 

111 

110 

24 

200 

822 

55  to  64  years _ _ 

890 

55 

59 

72 

15 

104 

585 

65  years  and  over . . 

497 

31 

19 

32 

10 

52 

353 

Native  white  males  . . 

6, 764 

458 

862 

769 

131 

1,301 

3,243 

Under  10  years . 

2,119 

1 

1 

2,117 

10  to  14  vears . 

1.080 

8 

36 

42 

118 

876 

15  to  19  years . 

713 

55 

158 

133 

2 

283 

82 

20  to  24  years . 

464 

45 

118 

108 

11 

165 

17 

25  to  29  years . 

338 

39 

61 

85 

12 

123 

18 

30  to  34  years . 

432 

47 

106 

81 

21 

157 

20 

35  to  44  5rears . 

764 

108 

205 

144 

41 

231 

35 

45  to  54  years . 

4:44 

70 

104 

89 

22 

119 

30 

55  to  64  years  . . 

272 

55 

55 

58 

13 

64 

27 

65  years  and  over . 

148 

31 

19 

28 

9 

40 

21 

Native  white  females . . 

9,741 

5 

27 

200 

36 

531 

8,942 

Under  10  years . 

2,162 

4 

2. 158 

10  to  14  years . 

1,264 

2 

1 

7 

45 

1,209 

15  to  19  years . 

1.127 

2 

4 

46 

3 

90 

982 

20  to  24  years . 

769 

1 

1 

23 

r* 

7 

46 

691 

25  to  29  years . 

593 

1 

16 

5 

39 

532 

30  to  34  years . . 

7  m 

3 

21 

9 

64 

649 

35  to  44  years . 

1,210 

6 

48 

Pf 

4 

110 

1,039 

45  to  54  years . . 

903 

4 

21 

2 

81 

792 

55  to  64  years 

618 

4 

14 

2 

40 

558 

<55  years”  and  over . - 

349 

4 

1 

12 

332 

OCCUPATIONS 


459 


Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

1,283 

72 

426 

115 

40 

376 

254 

Under  10  years 

39 

39 

10  to  14  years  _ 

31 

3 

1 

27 

15  to  19  years . 

61 

2 

38 

1 

2 

4 

14 

20  to  24  years . . . 

157 

5 

72 

11 

3 

40 

26 

25  to  29  years . 

174 

5 

55 

32 

8 

61 

13 

30  to  34  years . . . 

132 

6 

53 

11 

2 

45 

15 

35  to  44  years _ 

266 

13 

87 

26 

8 

98 

34 

45  to  54  years . . . 

217 

23 

76 

20 

9 

72 

17 

55  to  04  years _ _ 

130 

11 

24 

9 

5 

39 

42 

65  years  and  over _ 

76 

7 

18 

5 

3 

16 

27 

Foreign  white  males . . 

1,084 

72 

425 

112 

34 

352 

89 

Under  10  years . 

23 

23 

10  to  14  years . . 

16 

3 

13 

15  to  19  years . 

46 

2 

38 

1 

1 

1 

3 

20  to  24  years . 

128 

5 

72 

11 

3 

35 

2 

25  to  29  years . 

158 

5 

55 

32 

4 

60 

2 

30  to  34  years . . . 

122 

6 

53 

11 

2 

45 

5 

35  to  44  years  . . 

237 

13 

87 

25 

8 

93 

11 

45  to  54  years 

196 

23 

76 

18 

9 

70 

55  to  64  years . . 

100 

11 

24 

9 

4 

33 

19 

65  years  and  over . 

58 

7 

17 

5 

3 

15 

11 

Foreign  white  females . 

199 

. 

1 

3 

6 

24 

165 

Under  10  years . 

16 

16 

10  to  14  years . 

15 

1 

14 

15  to  19  years . . 

15 

i 

3 

11 

20  to  24  years . - 

29 

5 

24 

25  to  29  years . 

16 

4 

1 

11 

30  to  34  years . . . 

10 

10 

35  to  44  years . 

29 

1 

5 

23 

45  to  54  years . _  _ . 

21 

2 

2 

17 

55  to  64  years . . 

30 

1 

6 

23 

65  years  and  over. _ 

18 

1 

1 

16 

Total  colored . 

7,314 

154 

100 

1,138 

26 

1,671 

4,225 

Under  10  years . 

1,552 

1 

5 

1,546 

10  to  14 years. . 

844 

2 

60 

1 

83 

'698 

15  to  19  years  . . 

747 

17 

8 

190 

1 

208 

323 

20  to  24  years . . . 

615 

14 

4 

172 

3 

193 

229 

25  to  29  years . . . 

521 

9 

5 

130 

2 

156 

219 

30  to  34  years . . 

529 

12 

12 

121 

4 

178 

202 

35  to  44  years . . 

839 

21 

23 

153 

8 

289 

345 

45  to  54  years . . 

709 

22 

22 

166 

4 

222 

273 

55  to  64  years . 

510 

26 

10 

107 

2 

176 

189 

65  years  and  over . 

448 

31 

15 

39 

1 

161 

201 

Colored  males . 

3,064 

153 

84 

993 

24 

664 

1,146 

Under  10  years . 

791 

1 

3 

787 

10  to  14  years . . . 

419 

2 

54 

l 

44 

318 

15  to  19  years . . 

279 

17 

8 

161 

1 

81 

11 

20  to  24  years . 

255 

13 

4 

148 

3 

85 

2 

25  to  29  years . 

171 

9 

4 

104 

52 

2 

30  to  34  years . . 

186 

12 

9 

102 

4 

58 

1 

35  to  44  years . . . 

275 

21 

21 

132 

8 

92 

1 

45  to  54  years . 

272 

22 

14 

150 

4 

81 

.  1 

55  to  64  years.. . . 

219 

26 

9 

103 

2 

78 

1 

65  years  and  over . 

197 

31 

14 

39 

1 

90 

22 

Colored  females . 

4,250 

1 

16 

145 

2 

1,007 

3,079 

Under  10  years . 

761 

2 

759 

10  to  14  years..  . 

425 

6 

39 

380 

15  to  19  years . 

468 

29 

127 

312 

20  to  24  years . 

360 

1 

24 

108 

227 

25  to  29  years . 

350 

1 

26 

2 

104 

217 

30  to  34  years . 

343 

3 

19 

120 

201 

35  to  44  years . 

564 

2 

21 

197 

344 

45  to  54  years . 

437 

8 

16 

141 

272 

55  to  64  years . . . 

291 

1 

4 

98 

188 

65  years  and  over . . 

251 

1 

71 

179 

460  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age ,  sex ,  and  race — Continued. 


CITY  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

occupa¬ 

tion. 

Total . . . -  - 

43,090 

1,419 

3,063 

6,381 

429 

5,449 

26,349 

Under  10  years . 

8.612 

1 

1 

6 

37 

8, 567 

10  to  14  years  . 

6,028 

83 

85 

449 

289 

5,12-1 

15  to  19  years . . 

5;  071 

160 

474 

1,401 

43 

618 

2,375 

20  to  24  years . 

3,815 

151 

449 

921 

62 

667 

1, 565 

25  to  29  years . 

3.604 

141 

399 

811 

61 

721 

1,471 

30  to  34  years . - . 

3. 707 

166 

396 

862 

49 

733 

1,501 

35  to  44  years . 

5, 862 

304 

678 

1,120 

106 

1,144 

2, 510 

45  to  54  years . 

3,590 

228 

365 

545 

57 

7:36 

1,65S 

55  to  64  years . . 

1,832 

109 

160 

202 

36 

376 

949 

65  years  and  over . 

969 

76 

56 

64 

15 

128 

630 

Total  males. . . 

19,922 

1,390 

2,979 

4,980 

317 

3,299. 

6,957 

Under  10  years . . . 

4,256 

1 

1 

6 

17 

4,231 

10  to  1 4  years  .  _ 

2,879 

80 

85 

359 

163 

2, 192 

15  to  19  years . 

2;  210 

158 

473 

935 

12 

381 

251 

20  to  24  years . . 

1, 760 

151 

442 

658 

28 

451 

30 

25  to  29  years . 

1,727 

140 

393 

619 

45 

511 

19 

30  to  34  years - - 

1,778 

160 

387 

712 

41 

458 

20 

35  to  44  years . 

2.743 

298 

657 

942 

89 

699 

58 

45  to  54  years . 

1,569 

223 

337 

501 

53 

401 

54 

55  to  64  years . . . 

683 

106 

152 

188 

34 

157 

46 

65  years  and  over . 

317 

73 

52 

60 

15 

61 

56 

Total  females . — 

23,168 

29 

84 

1,401 

112 

2,150 

19.392 

TTnrler  10  years  _ 

4. 356 

20 

4.336 

10  to  14  years  . . . 

3,149 

3 

90 

126 

2.930 

15  to  19  years  . . . 

2,861 

2 

1 

466 

31 

237 

2,124 

20  to  24  vears  . . 

2. 055 

7 

263 

34 

216 

1.535 

25  to  29  years  . . . . 

1,877 

1 

6 

192 

16 

210 

1,452 

30  to  34  vears . 

1,929 

6 

9 

150 

8 

275 

1,481 

35  to  44  years - - - - 

3. 119 

6 

21 

178 

17 

445 

2,452 

45  to  54  years . .  .- 

2,021 

5 

28 

44 

4 

335 

1,605 

55  to  64  years . . . 

1.149 

3 

8 

14 

2 

219 

903 

65  years  and  over . . 

652 

3 

4 

4 

67 

574 

Total  native  white  . . . 

15, 258 

402 

1,313 

1,296 

313 

946 

10,988 

TTnrler  10  vears 

3. 656 

1 

1 

4 

3, 650 

10  to  14  years 

2,281 

33 

59 

86 

49 

2.054 

15  to  19  years . 

1,887 

62 

278 

299 

35 

155 

i;058 

20  to  24  years . 

1.324 

56 

219 

195 

45 

158 

651 

25  to  29  years  . . 

1 . 095 

36 

136 

176 

39 

136 

572 

30  to  34  years  .  _ 

1.145 

32 

159 

171 

35 

126 

622 

35  to  44  years - - 

1.869 

92 

271 

230 

82 

187 

1,007 

45  to  54  years . . 

1.128 

48 

124 

92 

40 

94 

730 

55  to  64  years  ...  . . 

567 

29 

46 

36 

26 

25 

405 

65  years  and  over . 

306 

13 

20 

11 

11 

12 

239 

Native  white  males . . 

6, 702 

400 

1,304 

859 

217 

817 

3, 105 

Under  10  years . 

1.868 

1 

1 

3 

1,863 

10  to  14  years  _ _ _ 

1 . 099 

33 

59 

53 

38 

916 

15  to  19  years  . . 

808 

62 

278 

165 

7 

137 

159 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

570 

56 

217 

119 

17 

141 

20 

25  to  29  years  . . 

443 

36 

135 

109 

28 

121 

14 

30  to  34  years . 

461 

31 

159 

1 

27 

107 

15 

35»to  44  years . 

783 

91 

268 

167 

67 

156 

34 

45  to  54  vears . 

400 

48 

121 

82 

36 

83 

3) 

55  to  64  years  ...  . 

184 

29 

46 

31 

24 

22 

32 

65  years  and  over . 

86 

13 

20 

11 

11 

9 

22 

Native  white  females . 

8,556 

2 

_  9 

437 

96 

129 

7,883 

Under  10  years . 

1.788 

1 

1,787 

.  10  to  14  years . 

1.  1 82 

:13 

11 

1.138 

15  to  19  years . 

1,079 

i:i4 

28 

18 

899 

20  to  24  years . 

754 

2 

76 

28 

17 

on 

25  to  29  years . 

652 

1 

67 

11 

15 

558 

3<  1  to  34  years . 

684 

1 

49 

8 

19 

607 

35  to  44  years . 

1,086 

1 

3 

63 

15 

31 

973 

45  to  54  years  . 

728 

3 

10 

4 

11 

700 

55  to  64  vears  . 

383 

5 

2 

3 

373 

65  years  and  over  . 

220 

3 

217 

- - -  -  I - - - 

OCCUPATIONS 


461 


Table  XXV.—  Grand  groups  of  occupations  big  age,  sex,  and  race— Continued. 

CITY  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Total. 

Agricul¬ 

ture, 

fisheries, 

and 

mining. 

Trade 

and 

trans¬ 

porta¬ 

tion. 

Manu¬ 
factur¬ 
ing  and 
mechan¬ 
ical  in¬ 
dustries. 

Profes¬ 

sional 

service. 

Personal 

service. 

Without 

gainful 

oocupa- 

tion. 

Total  foreign  white . 

3,440 

232 

1,210 

276 

68 

918 

736 

TTyi/Iat*  10  vasts 

163 

163 

1  fl  t.r>  1 4.  vpars  _  _  _ 

88 

10 

7 

71 

15  to  19  years _ 

216 

5 

109 

13 

3 

27 

59 

20  to  24  years  . . 

403 

19 

180 

25 

10 

99 

70 

25  to  29  years  - . 

572 

33 

201 

56 

15 

190 

77 

30  to  34  years . - . 

494 

48 

169 

49 

10 

156 

62 

35  to  44  years _ -  -  - 

821 

69 

298 

73 

13 

262 

106 

45  to  54  years - - 

461 

41 

162 

47 

11 

138 

62 

55  to  64  years . -  -  - . 

151 

12- 

61 

12 

3 

33 

30 

65  years  and  over . 

71 

5 

20 

1 

3 

6 

36 

Foreign  white  males - 

2,795 

232 

1,195 

254 

63 

882 

169 

TTnrlm'  10  vasts 

84 

84 

ID  tn  14  vears  _  _ 

43 

10 

6 

27 

15  to  19  years . 

153 

5 

109 

8 

3 

24 

4 

20  to  24  years  . . . 

325 

19 

177 

22 

9 

96 

2 

25  to  29  years -  - 

479 

33 

199 

53 

12 

180 

2 

30  to  34  years _ 

423 

48 

167 

46 

10 

150 

2 

35  to  44  years  . . 

705 

69 

292 

69 

12 

253 

10 

45  to  54  years _ _ 

408 

41 

161 

44 

11 

136 

15 

55  to  64  years  . . 

125 

12 

61 

ll 

3 

31 

7 

65  years  and  over . 

50 

5 

19 

1 

3 

6 

16 

Foreign  white  females . 

645 

15 

22 

5 

36 

567 

Under  10  vears 

79 

79 

10  to  14  years  _  .  . 

45 

i 

44 

IS  t,r>  19  years 

63 

5 

3 

55 

20  to  24  years _  _ 

78 

3 

'  3 

i 

3 

68 

25  to  29  years  _ 

93 

2 

3 

3 

10 

75 

30  t,o  34  years  _  _  _  _  _ 

71 

2 

3 

6 

60 

35  to  44  years  _  _ 

116 

6 

4 

i 

9 

96 

46  to  64  years 

53 

1 

3 

2 

47 

66  to  64  vears 

26 

1 

2 

23 

66  vears  arid  over 

21 

1 

20 

Total  colored . . 

24,392 

785 

540 

4,809 

48 

3,585 

14,625 

TTnder  10  years  _  _ 

4,793 

6 

33 

4. 754 

1 0  to  1 4  years  _  _ _ 

3, 659 

50 

16 

363 

233 

2, 997 

15  to  19  years  . . 

2,968 

93 

87 

1,089 

5 

436 

1,258 

20  to  24  years _ 

2,088 

76 

50 

701 

7 

410 

844 

25  to  29  years  - . 

1,937 

72 

62 

579 

7 

395 

822 

30  to  34  years _ 

2,068 

.  86 

68 

642 

4 

451 

817 

35  to  44  years _ _ 

3,172 

143 

109 

817 

11 

695 

1,397 

45  to  54  years _ 

2,001 

139 

79 

406 

6 

504 

867 

55  to  64  years  . . . 

1,114 

68 

53 

154 

7 

318 

514 

65  years  and  over  . . 

592 

58 

16 

52 

1 

110 

355 

Colored  males _ _ 

10,425 

758 

480 

3,867 

37 

1,600 

3,683 

Under  10  years _ _ 

2,304 

6 

14 

2,284 

10  to  14  years  . . . . 

1.737 

47 

16 

306 

119 

1,249 

15  to  19  years  . . 

T249 

91 

86 

762 

2 

220 

'  88 

20  to  24  years . . . 

865 

76 

48 

517 

2 

214 

8 

25  to  29  years _ 

805 

71 

59 

457 

5 

210 

3 

30  to  34  years . . 

894 

81 

61 

544 

4 

201 

3 

35  to  44  years . . 

1,255 

138 

97 

706 

10 

290 

14 

45  to  54  years . . 

761 

1:34 

55 

375 

6 

182 

9 

55  to  64  vears . . . 

374 

65 

45 

146 

7 

104 

7 

65  years"  and  over . 

181 

55 

13 

48 

1 

46 

18 

Colored  females . . 

13, 967 

27 

60 

942 

11 

1,985 

10, 942 

Under  10  years . 

2, 489 

19 

2. 470 

10  to  14  years  . . 

1.922 

3 

57 

114 

1,  748 

15  to  19  years  . . . . 

1,719 

2 

1 

327 

3 

216 

1, 170 

20  to  24  years . . 

1,223 

2 

184 

5 

196 

836 

25  to  29  years . . . 

1,132 

1 

3 

122 

2 

185 

819 

30  to  34  years .  . 

1,174 

5 

7 

98 

250 

814 

35  to  44  years . 

1,917 

5 

12 

111 

i 

405 

1,383 

45  to  54  years . . 

1,240 

5 

24 

31 

322 

858 

55  to  64  vears . . 

740 

3 

8 

8 

214 

507 

65  years  and  over _ _ 

411 

3 

3 

4 

. 

64 

337 

462 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXVI. — Occupations ,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 


CUBA. 


Occupation. 


Actor*? . 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.)  and  col¬ 
lectors . 

Apprentices . 

Architects  and  draftsmen . 

Artists . 

Bakers  . 

Bankers  and  brokers . 

Barbers  and  hairdressers . 

Blacksmiths . - . 

Boarding-house  keepers . 

Boiler  makers . 

Bookbinders . 

Bookkeepers . 

Box  makers  (wood) . 

Brickmakers . 

Broom  and  brush  makers . 

Builders  and  contractors . 

Butchers . . 

Cabinetmakers . 

Carpenters . 

Charcoal  burners . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Clergymen . 

Commercial  travelers . 

Confectioners . 

Coopers  . 

Dairymen . 

Dentists . . 

Draymen  and  hackmen . 

Dressmakers . 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors .. 
Engineers  and  firemen  (station¬ 
ary  engines) . 

Engravers . 

Fishermen . 

Foremen  and  overseers . 

Gardeners  and  florists . 

Gold  and  silver  workers . 

Gunsmiths . .... 

Harness  makers . 

Hostlers . 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers  .... 

Housekeepers  and  stewards . 

Hucksters  and  peddlers . 

Janitors  and  sextons . 

Journalists . 

Laborers . 

Launderers  and  laundresses . 

Lawyers . 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc.) . 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . . . 

Livery-stable  keepers . 

Lumbermen . 

Machinists . . 

Masons . 

Mechanics . . 

Merchants . . . 

Messengers  and  office  boys . 

Miners  and  quarry  men . 

Molders . . . 

Musicians . 

Nurses . 

Officials,  government . 

Officials  of  manufacturing  com¬ 
panies  . 

Operatives  (cigar  factories) . 

Packers  and  shippers . 

Painters . 

Photographers . 

Physicians  and  surgeons . 

Piano  makers . 

Planters . . . 

Plumbers . 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

Porters . 

Potters . 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc . 


sses. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

18 

19 

9 

38 

9 

29 

308 

278 

35 

1,254 

125 

1,164 

86 

68 

8 

53 

116 

21 

105 

32 

20 

18 

2,098 

7 

1,231 

2,097 

11 

121 

98 

1,420 

470 

1,459 

915 

598 

815 

2  ’ 

5 

8 

1 

7 

1 

288 

157 

34 

34 

17 

2 

4 

211 

4 

122 

2 

60 

44 

54 

45 

31 

33 

11 

1 

8 

19 

15 

12 

151 

184 

146 

87 

57 

63 

5,120 

2,758 

6,326 

11 

444 

6 

490 

663 

5 

1,738 

458 

52 

80 

199 

4 

36 

68 

1 

3 

30 

38 

45 

3 

351 

77 

521 

54 

58 

13 

277 

48 

29 

1,634 

2,327 

1,402 

419 

107 

61 

251 

3i5 

260 

42 

64 

202 

235 

12 

10 

2 

1,514 

434 

314 

23 

39 

9 

7 

35 

167 

2 

101 

5 

316 

48 

190 

30 

22 

7 

686 

131 

580 

91 

183 

123 

4 

21 

1 

25 

1 

23 

2 

15 

138 

11 

108 

3 

14 

1 

115 

441 

14 

389 

11 

697 

90 

23 

12 

5 

149 

79 

17 

8,860 

192,737 

1,346 

43,572 

120 

114,208 

7,394 

20, 980 

267 

3,045 

556 

380 

415 

17,555 

1.231 

172 

3 

30 

18 

1 

4 

93 

2 

69 

2 

9 

9 

10 

5 

19 

21 

40 

503 

262 

193 

1,173 

898 

4.486 

3,U7 

874 

651 

414 

18  i  253 

134 

25,236 

189 

3,362 

91 

134 

36 

66 

49 

683 

122 

175 

32 

35 

46 

153 

27 

172 

16 

257 

3 

284 

69 

77 

146 

137 

24 

70 

330 

126 

17 

21 

23 

9 

1,580 

11,802 

1,199 

2  721 

51 

8,066 

330 

22 

13 

48 

789 

345 

397 

7 

131 

6 

72 

1 

9 

996 

217 

10 

6 

9 

18 

2, 137 

10 

512 

1 

606 

7 

18 

15 

10 

3, 109 

921 

794 

31 

13 

4 

171 

30 

76 

18 

1,138 

17 

270 

73 

1 

tn 

<D 

'3 

a 


86 

621 

2,543 

162 

241 

5,426 

219 

3,349 

2,328 

20 

479 

53 

335 

158 

109 

20 

46 

481 

207 

14,204 

1,597 

2,248 

283 

105 

113 

949 

125 

354 

5,363 


617 

501 
24 

2,262 
71 
303 
554 
59 
1,397 
397 
69 
260 
1,527 
40 
245 
350,517 
1,238 
1,406 
49 
171 
24 
80 
958 
6,557 
4,672 
46,851 
236 
854 
242 
582 
239 
473 

53 
22  589 
83 
1,531 
212 
1,223 
15 
3,255 
43 
4,824 
48 
277 
1,481 


OCCUPATIONS 


463 


Table  XXVI. — Occupations,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity —  Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 


Occupation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Males. 

Females. 

1 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females, 

Males. 

Females. 

Rope  makers . . 

34 

22 

6 

6 

Sailors  and  boatmen  . . 

4,820 

1,712 

2,620 

488 

Salesmen  and  saleswomen  . . . 

14,533 

36 

3;  770 

20 

9, 770 

14 

993 

2 

Saloon  keepers _ _ _ _ 

73 

8 

54 

11 

Seamstresses . . . 

8,329 

2, 833 

210 

5, 286 

Servants _ _ _ 

18,657 

22,807 

3, 171 

4,267 

4,197 

1,150 

11,289 

17;  390 

Ship  and  boat  builders  _  _ . 

84 

64 

20 

Shirt  makers _ _ _ 

102 

3 

47 

3 

47 

8 

Shoemakers . . 

6,280 

40 

1,806 

17 

1,044 

2 

3, 430 

21 

Soldiers . .  . . . . 

598 

135 

390 

73 

Steam-railroad  employees 

678 

286 

263 

129 

Stenographers  and  typewriters  .. 

31 

6 

10 

i 

20 

5 

1 

Stock  raisers  . . . 

489 

278 

85 

126 

Stonecutters _ _ 

240 

70 

120 

50 

Straw  workers  . . .  . . 

14 

322 

8 

291 

2 

2 

4 

29 

Street-railway  employees . 

27 

13 

12 

2 

Sugar  makers . . . . 

642 

577 

41 

24 

Tailors . . . . . 

3,481 

650 

881 

1,950 

Tanners . . .  . . 

343* 

67 

233 

43 

Teachers . . . . . . 

1,206 

1,502 

828 

1,200 

347 

231 

31 

71 

Telegraph  and  telephone  em- 

ployees . .  . . 

460 

5 

327 

5 

132 

1 

Tinners . . . . .  . 

712 

400 

74 

238 

Upholsterers . _ . . . 

24 

13 

5 

6 

Veterinary  surgeons _ 

63 

18 

41 

4 

Watch  and  clock  makers . . 

255 

140 

88 

27 

Wood  choppers  _ _ _ _  _. 

191 

61 

30 

100 

- 

Table  XXVII. — Occupation  by  age  and  sex. 

CUBA. 


Total,  Males. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65 

years 

and 

over. 

Actors . . . 

86 

3 

5 

4 

20 

21 

31 

2 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.)  and  col- 

lectors . . . . 

621 

3 

20 

37 

150 

175 

214 

22 

Apprentices. . . . . . 

2, 543 

1,294 

1,185 

56 

5 

2 

1 

Architects  and  draftsmen . .. . 

162 

1 

2 

9 

43 

36 

58 

13 

Artists . . . 

241 

1 

15 

39 

88 

49 

46 

3 

Bakers . . 

5,426 

243 

1,106 

1,102 

1,594 

864 

486 

31 

Bankers  and  brokers . . 

219 

4 

5 

36 

58 

98 

18 

Barbers  and  hairdressers. . . 

3,349 

211 

654 

622 

932 

535 

365 

30 

Blacksmiths .  . 

2,328 

75 

318 

359 

720 

486 

332 

3b 

Boarding-house  keepers . . 

20 

2 

2 

4 

3 

9 

Boiler  makers . . . . . .  . 

479 

8 

39 

65 

144 

124 

93 

6 

Bookbinders . . 

53 

7 

6 

21 

10 

8 

1 

Bookkeepers  . . .  . . . . 

335 

i 

29 

47 

111 

77 

68 

2 

Box  makers  (wood) . 

158 

10 

20 

26 

62 

26 

14 

Brickmakers - - - 

109 

1 

9 

20 

32 

19 

27 

1 

Broom  and  brush  makers _ 

20 

4 

2 

5 

3 

2 

2 

2 

Builders  and  contractors . 

46 

1 

1 

1 

8 

15 

20 

Butchers  . . . 

481 

7 

41 

76 

169 

107 

72 

9 

Cabinetmakers . . 

207 

4 

12 

40 

71 

45 

29 

6 

Carpenters  . . . . . 

14,204 

429 

1,462 

1,839 

3,914 

3,020 

3, 103 

437 

Charcoal  burners _ _ 

1,597 

90 

146 

181 

381 

,  290 

445 

64 

Clerks  and  copyists . . 

2,248 

22 

276 

345 

651 

490 

425 

39 

Clergymen . . . 

283 

10 

86 

59 

99 

29 

Commercial  travelers _ 

105 

1 

10 

:jo 

33 

30 

1 

Confectioners . . . 

113 

3 

3 

10 

40 

28 

28 

1 

Coopers _ _ 

949 

7 

36 

68 

239 

280 

274 

45 

Dairymen _ _ _ 

125 

13 

17 

15 

41 

24 

12 

3 

Dentists . . . . . 

354 

11 

46 

107 

109 

73 

8 

Draymen  and  hackmen . 

5,363 

52 

347 

869 

1,893 

1,314 

821 

67 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors.. 

617 

21 

86 

203 

144 

143 

20 

Engineers  and  firemen  (station- 

ary  engines) . 

501 

3 

29 

73 

210 

115 

66 

5 

Engravers . 

24 

1 

1 

3 

6 

5 

8 

464 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXV11. — Occupation  by  age  and  sex — Continued. 

CUBA — Continued. 

Total  Males— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34  35  to  44 
years,  years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65 

years 

and 

over. 

Fishermen . 

2,262 

234 

341 

306 

528 

416 

381 

56 

Foremen  and  overseers _ _ _ 

71 

1 

5 

23 

21 

18 

3 

Gardeners  and  florists -  - 

303 

4 

10 

28 

79 

65 

97 

20 

Gold  and  silver  workers . 

554 

22 

86 

76 

108 

100 

144 

18 

Gunsmiths . 

59 

6 

9 

17 

13 

12 

2 

Harness  makers . 

1.397 

32 

192 

318 

392 

249 

192 

22 

Hostlers _ _ _ _ 

397 

19 

57 

74 

121 

62 

56 

8 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers _ 

69 

3 

3 

2 

29 

13 

16 

3 

Hoxisekeepers  and  stewards . 

260 

2 

16 

24 

85 

59 

71 

3 

Hucksters  and  peddlers  . 

1,527 

90 

180 

179 

339 

261 

408 

70 

Janitors  and  sextons . 

40 

2 

8 

3 

11 

5 

10 

1 

Journalists . . 

245 

1 

3 

33 

75 

77 

46 

10 

Laborers .  _ . 

355,517 

40.940 

51.275 

45, 979 

78,714 

59,073 

62,060 

12, 476 

Launderers . . . 

1,238 

21 

107 

270 

476 

243 

115 

6 

Lawyers  .  . . 

1,406 

1 

1 

79 

419 

448 

.183 

75 

Linemen,  telegraph,  etc . 

49 

1 

5 

8 

15 

H 

9 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . . . 

171 

1 

14 

24 

59 

40 

28 

5 

Livery  stable  keepers  _ . 

24 

3 

4 

9 

8 

Lumbermen . 

80 

10 

20 

19 

18 

12 

1 

Machinists . 

958 

4 

48 

94 

272 

292 

231 

17 

Masons . . . - . 

6.557 

156 

644 

720 

1.580 

1,439 

1,780 

238 

Mechanics... . 

4,672 

67 

581 

770 

1,431 

1,003 

768 

52 

Merchants - - 

46,851 

1,076 

4.740 

6. 764 

13, 063 

10.801 

9.352 

1 , 055 

Messengers  and  office  boys _ _ 

236 

61 

46 

24 

57 

26 

16 

6 

Miners  and  quarrvmen . . 

854 

5 

56 

190 

389 

1.58 

55 

1 

Molders  . . . . 

242 

11 

38 

50 

71 

32 

39 

1 

Musicians . 

582 

8 

48 

61 

156 

149 

141 

19 

Nurses  . . . . 

239 

4 

21 

39 

74 

48 

50 

3 

Officials,  government  _ 

473 

7 

22 

140 

152 

139 

13 

Officials  of  manufacturing  com- 

panies - - - 

53 

6 

8 

5 

11 

14 

8 

1 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

22,589 

898 

3.409 

3, 996 

6, 798 

4,140 

3,020 

328 

Packers  and  shippers . . 

83 

1 

10 

9 

24 

16 

22 

1 

Painters . . 

1.531 

27 

171 

240 

507 

339 

225 

22 

Photographers. . . 

212 

2 

29 

41 

66 

43 

25 

6 

Physicians  and  surgeons _ 

1,223 

1 

67 

378 

408 

321 

48 

Piano  makers . . . . . 

15 

2 

3 

3 

2 

4 

1 

Planters . 

3.255 

187 

212 

200 

599 

810 

1,019 

228 

Plumbers _  _ _ _ 

43 

1 

8 

7 

16 

7 

4 

Policemen  and  watchmen _ 

4,824 

1 

151 

1,383 

2,097 

803 

373 

16 

Porters . . . . . 

48 

1 

1 

17 

13 

16 

Potters - - - 

277 

12 

24 

30 

62 

67 

69 

13 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc . 

1,481 

92 

330 

276 

461 

196 

122 

4 

Rope  makers  _  .  . 

34 

4 

6 

12 

6 

3 

3 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . . 

4,820 

154 

442 

582 

1,393 

1,238 

899 

112 

Salesmen  _ _ _ 

14,533 

992 

3, 737 

4,0a5 

3, 635 

1.263 

787 

84 

Saloon  keepers. . . . 

73 

9 

21 

26 

9 

7 

1 

Servants . . . 

18, 657 

2,713 

2,442 

2, 150 

3,847 

2,702 

4,017 

786 

Ship  and  boat  builders . . 

84 

3 

15 

6 

7 

8 

40 

5 

Shirt  makers . 

102 

3 

11 

22 

43 

17 

6 

Shoemakers . . 

6,280 

374 

888 

826 

1, 656 

1,392 

1,030 

114 

Soldiers  . . . . 

598 

2 

18 

124 

213 

131 

101 

9 

Steam  railroad  employees _ 

678 

3 

35 

99 

241 

176 

114 

10 

Stenographers  and  typewriters 

31 

5 

9 

14 

3 

Stock  raisers. . . .  . 

489 

138 

48 

44 

99 

100 

56 

4 

Stonecutters . . . 

240 

2 

14 

27 

74 

61 

54 

8 

Straw  workers . . . 

14 

3 

1 

1 

1 

o 

& 

6 

Street  railway  employees _ 

27 

2 

3 

10 

9 

3 

Su^ar  makers . . . 

642 

26 

64 

219 

179 

136 

18 

Tailors . . . 

3,481 

129 

519 

519 

974 

720 

522 

97 

Tanners . . 

343 

3 

33 

(*3 

139 

72 

32 

1 

Teachers _ _ _ _ 

1,206 

3 

39 

98 

291 

257 

439 

79 

Telegraph  and  telephone  em- 

plovees . 

460 

57 

107 

*  114 

113 

67 

2 

Tinners  .  . . 

712 

28 

123 

79 

177 

138 

149 

18 

Upholsterers . . . 

24 

5 

1 

6 

7 

5 

Veterinary  surgeons  . . . 

63 

1 

4 

12 

16 

25 

5 

Watch  and  clock  makers . . 

255 

3 

23 

15 

59 

70 

77 

8 

Wood  choppers . . 

191 

11 

35 

30 

40 

33 

37 

5 

OCCUPATIONS 


465 


Table  XXVII. — Occupation  by  age  and  sex — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Females. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65 

years 

and 

over. 

Actresses  . . . 

18 

4 

1 

6 

6 

1 

Artists  _ _ _ _ 

53 

1 

7 

11 

19 

14 

i 

Rakers . _  _  _  _  _ _ 

18 

3 

4 

8 

1 

2 

Boarding-house  keepers . . 

2 

1 

1 

Bookkeepers  __  _ _ 

4 

2 

1 

1 

Charcoal  burners. . . . 

11 

3 

3 

4 

1 

Confectioners  . . 

3 

i 

1 

1 

Dressmakers  . . . 

419 

12 

78 

109 

125 

60 

34 

1 

Card eners  and  florists. _ _ 

7 

1 

1 

3 

2 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers _ 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Housekeepers  _ 

15 

1 

3 

3 

7 

1 

Hucksters  and  peddlers . . 

115 

2 

5 

16 

14 

56 

22 

Laborers  . . . . 

8,860 

20,980 

4 

696 

'  831 

702 

1,615 

5,871 

1,751 

4.814 

2, 568 
4, 315 

1 

697 

Laundresses  .  . . 

291 

2,316 

2,788 

585 

Literary  and  scientific  persons  . . . 
Merchants  _ _ - . . . 

3 

414 

8 

31 

54 

114 

94 

95 

18 

Musicians  . . . . 

46 

1 

8 

12 

15 

6 

3 

1 

Nurses  . 

284 

1 

9 

36 

106 

70 

44 

18 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ 

1,580 

7 

129 

494 

363 

311 

162 

111 

10 

Photographers . . _ . . 

2 

3 

2 

Planters  . . . - . 

18 

1 

2 

1 

3 

2 

8 

1 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc _ 

18 

7 

5 

4 

2 

Saleswomen . . . 

36 

4 

10 

10 

5 

5 

2 

Sea.m  stresses  ..  . . . 

8,329 
22, “807 

3 

411 

2,061 

3,429 

1 

1,573 

2,294 

2, 169 
4, 122 

1 

1,274 

3,516 

1 

768 

73 

Servants . . . . 

3,551 

4,872 

1,023 

Shirt,  makers  _  _ _ 

Shoemakers  . 

40 

2 

12 

7 

7 

7 

2 

3 

Stenographers  and  typewriters  .. 
Straw  workers . 

6 

3 

2 

1 

322 

38 

84 

44 

56 

42 

49 

9 

Teachers  . _ . . . 

1,502 

5 

6 

159 

304 

450 

295 

260 

28 

Telegraph  and  telephone  em¬ 
ployees  _  _ 

1 

2 

t 

1 

1 

Table  XXVIII. — Occupations  by  sex  and  citizenship. 


CUBA. 

Total  Males. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Foreign 
and  un¬ 
known. 

Actors . 

86 

23 

2 

16 

45 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.)  and  collectors . 

621 

316 

28 

192 

85 

Apprentices . . . 

2,543 

2,083 

35 

368 

57 

Architects  and  draftsmen . 

162 

89 

1 

49 

23 

Artists  . . . . . . 

241 

128 

10 

79 

24 

Bakers . . . 

5,426 

4,041 

135 

1,076 

174 

Bankers  and  brokers . . . . . . 

219 

115 

8 

76 

20 

Barbers  and  hairdressers . . 

3,349 

2, 688 

79 

447 

135 

Blacksmiths . . . 

2,328 

1,612 

61 

511 

144 

Boarding-house  keepers . . . . 

20 

7 

4 

4 

5 

Boiler  makers . . . . . 

479 

296 

16 

105 

62 

Bookbinders . - . . . 

53 

32 

1 

15 

5 

Bookkeepers . - . 

335 

186 

18 

78 

53 

Box  makers  (wood) . . . 

158 

102 

3 

48 

5 

Brickmakers  _ _ _ _ _ 

109 

66 

27 

16 

Broom  and  brush  makers . 

20 

11 

2 

7 

Builders  and  contractors  . . . 

46 

23 

1 

6 

16 

Butchers . 

481 

263 

19 

167 

32 

Cabinetmakers . . . 

207 

142 

4 

52 

9 

Carpenters - - 

14,204 

10, 892 

256 

2,271 

785 

Charcoal  burners . . . 

1,597 

822 

10 

371 

394 

Clerks  and  copyists .  . 

2,248 

1,673 

33 

349 

193 

Clergymen . 

283 

75 

16 

153 

39 

Commercial  travelers . 

105 

33 

6 

&5 

31 

Confectioners . 

113 

73 

3 

34 

3 

Coopers . . . . . .  ... 

949 

830 

5 

69 

45 

Dairymen . . . 

125 

58 

3 

46 

18 

Dentists . 

354 

260 

8 

24 

62 

24662 - 30 


466 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXVIII. — Occupations  by  sex  and  citizenship — Continued. 

C  UB  A— Continued . 

Total  Males — Continued. 


Occupation. 


Draymen  and  hackmen . 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors . 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary  engines) 

Engravers . 

Fishermen . . 

Foremen  and  overseers . 

Gardeners  and  florists . 

Gold  and  silver  workers . 

Gunsmiths . 

Harness  makers . 

Hostlers . 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers . 

Housekeepers  and  stewards . 

Hucksters  and  peddlers . 

Janitors  and  sextons . 

Journalists . 

Laborers . 

Launderers . . 

Lawyers . 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc.) . 

Literary  and  scientific  persons. . 

Livery-stable  keepers . 

Lumbermen. . . . 

Machinists . 

Masons . 

Mechanics . 

Merchants . 

Messengers  and  office  boys . 

Miners  and  quarry  men . 

Molders . 

Musicians . . 

Nurses . . 

Officials,  government . * . 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies - 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Packers  and  shippers . . . 

Painters . 

Photographers . . 

Physicians  and  surgeons . 

Piano  makers . 

Planters . . 

Plumbers . 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

Porters . - . 

Potters . 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc . 

Rope  makers . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . . . 

Saloon  keepers . . 

Servants . 

Ship  and  boat  builders . 

Shirt  makers . 

Shoemakers . . 

Soldiers . 

Steam-railroad  employees . . . 

Stenographers  and  typewriters . 

Stock  raisers . . 

Stonecutters . . 

Straw  workers . . 

Street-railway  employees . . 

Sugar  makers . 

Tailors . . . 

Tanners . . 

Teachers . 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees . 

Tinners . 

Upholsterers . 

V eterinary  surgeons . 

Watch  and  clock  makers . 

Wood  choppers . . 


Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Foreign 
and  un¬ 
known. 

5,363 

2, 762 

222 

1,909 

470 

617 

299 

5 

54 

259 

501 

265 

15 

170 

51 

24 

11 

1 

6 

6 

2,262 

1,728 

23 

420 

91 

71 

26 

1 

29 

15 

303 

59 

15 

144 

85 

554 

479 

7 

38 

30 

59 

33 

2 

24 

1,397 

1,221 

19 

114 

43 

397 

198 

18 

164 

17 

69 

24 

3 

22 

20 

260 

141 

13 

85 

21 

1,527 

801 

25 

317 

384 

40 

25 

2 

13 

245 

157 

11 

53 

24 

350,517 

286,423 

2,739 

33,956 

27,399 

1,238 

466 

77 

474 

221 

1.406 

1.206 

9 

100 

91 

49 

26 

17 

6 

171 

83 

5 

15 

68 

24 

12 

1 

9 

2 

80 

59 

20 

1 

958 

643 

13 

166 

136 

6,557 

5,415 

106 

720 

316 

4,672 

3,427 

63 

731 

448 

46,851 

17,655 

3. 635 

20,868 

4,693 

236 

174 

3 

43 

16 

854 

154 

96 

572 

32 

242 

194 

2 

22 

24 

582 

388 

20 

128 

46 

239 

84 

18 

103 

34 

473 

336 

4 

73 

60 

.53 

30 

1 

21 

1 

22,589 

18,683 

232 

2,884 

790 

83 

67 

14 

2 

1,531 

1,097 

33 

259 

142 

212 

127 

1 

46 

38 

1.223 

937 

14 

105 

167 

15 

6 

2 

7 

3,255 

2,591 

37 

313 

314 

43 

27 

i 

9 

4,824 

3.865 

44 

722 

193 

48 

33 

2 

8 

5 

277 

237 

26 

14 

1,481 

1,113 

37 

281 

50 

34 

27 

7 

4,820 

2,030 

113 

2,221 

4.56 

14.. 533 

13.633 

1,355 

8,813 

732 

73 

11 

2 

42 

18 

18,657 

11.808 

473 

3,567 

2,809 

84 

57 

23 

4 

102 

51 

7 

40 

4 

6,280 

5.056 

114 

826 

284 

598 

176 

16 

51 

355 

678 

400 

14 

233 

31 

31 

8 

3 

20 

489 

386 

3 

50 

50 

240 

110 

8 

96 

26 

14 

11 

2 

1 

27 

15 

2 

6 

4 

642 

579 

2 

29 

32 

3,481 

2.476 

141 

729 

ia5 

343 

105 

23 

128 

87 

1.206 

826 

15 

283 

83 

460 

312 

9 

55 

84 

712 

589 

8 

71 

44 

24 

15 

1 

5 

3 

63 

20 

2 

26 

15 

255 

146 

2 

68 

39 

191 

145 

4 

23 

19 

OCCUPATIONS 


467 


TABLE  XXVIII. — Occupations  by  sex  and  citizenship — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Females. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

In  sus¬ 
pense. 

Foreign 
and  un¬ 
known. 

Actresses . . . . . 

18 

3 

6 

2 

7 

Artists . . . 

53 

16 

4 

21 

12 

Bakers  .  -  . . . . 

18 

16 

2 

Roarrling-house  keepers  _  _ 

2 

2 

Bookkeepers  .  . . . .  _  _ 

4 

4 

Charcoal  burners . . . 

11 

11 

Confectioners  . . . . 

3 

3 

Dressmakers . 

419 

330 

3 

51 

35 

Oardeners  and  florists  . .  .  .  . . . . . 

7 

4 

3 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers . . . 

4 

3 

1 

Housekeepers . . . . . . . - . 

15 

11 

*2 

2 

Hneksters  and  peddlers  __  _ _ 

115 

85 

30 

Laborers . . 

8,860 

20,980 

4 

8,060 

19,993 

1 

10 

121 

669 

Laundresses  . . - . . . 

24 

377 

586 

Literary  and  scien tide  persons  __  .  _  _ 

8 

Merchants . . . . . 

414 

187 

14 

71 

142 

Musicians . . . 

46 

29 

3 

6 

8 

Nurses  . . . - . - . 

284 

139 

5 

85 

55 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  . . 

1,580 

7 

1,401 

6 

7 

157 

15 

Photographers . . . „ . 

1 

Planters  . .  . 

18 

17 

1 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc . . . 

18 

14 

i 

3 

Saleswomen  . _ . . . 

36 

15 

l 

33 

16 

4 

Seamstresses . . . . . 

8,329 

22,807 

3 

7,864 

21,084 

2 

271 

161 

Servants.- . . . . . . . . 

116 

966 

641 

Rhirt.  makers  .  __ _  _  _ _ 

1 

Shoemakers . . 

40 

37 

1 

2 

Stenographers  and  typewriters  _  _ 

6 

1 

5 

Straw  workers  . . . . . 

322 

303 

1 

4 

14 

Teachers . . . . . . . 

1,502 

5 

1, 136 

5 

19 

202 

145 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees 

Table  XXIX. — Occupations  by  sex,  literacy ,  and  superior  education. 

CUBA. 

Total  Males. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

A etors  . . . . _ . . 

86 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.)  and  collect- 
ors . 

621 

Apprentices . - . 

2,543 

Architects  and  draftsmen _ 

162 

Artists . . . . . 

241 

Bakers  . . - . . . 

5,426 

219 

Bankers  and  brokers . 

Barbers  and  hairdressers _ _ 

3,349 

2,328 

20 

Blacksmiths . . . . . 

Boarding-house  keepers . 

Boiler  makers  _ _ _  . 

479 

Bookbinders . .  _ . .  _ 

53 

Bookkeepers . - . 

335 

Box  makers  (wood) . . 

158 

Brickmakers . . . 

109 

Broom  and  brush  makers . 

20 

Builders  and  contractors . 

46 

Butchers . . . . 

481 

Cabinetmakers . 

Carpenters . . 

207 

14,204 

1,597 

2,248 

283 

Charcoal  burners  - . . . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Clergymen . . . 

Commercial  travelers . 

105 

Confectioners . 

113 

Coopers . 

949 

Dairymen . 

125 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

21 

65 

9 

77 

57 

5 

559 

93 

528 

725 

200 

1,618 

5 

2,538 

1 

161 

74 

88 

7 

1 

2:33 

49 

192 

1,947 

185 

3,294 

13 

5,413 

219 

40 

179 

341 

66 

2,942 

27 

3,322 

483 

73 

1,772 

18 

2,310 

8 

12 

1 

19 

75 

9 

395 

7 

472 

53 

53 

i 

334 

160 

175 

28 

6 

124 

2 

156 

67 

2 

40 

109 

9 

2 

9 

20 

10 

1 

35 

3 

43 

129 

7 

345 

2 

479 

18 

2 

187 

4 

203 

2,991 

363 

10,850 

78 

14, 126 

1,180 

14 

403 

1,597 

2,248 

426 

1,822 

’283 

248 

35 

105 

10 

95 

25 

2 

86 

113 

362 

34 

553 

4 

945 

71 

3 

51 

1 

124 

468 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


Table  XXIX. — Occupations  by  sex ,  literacy ,  and  superior  education — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Males — Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Dentists . _ . . 

354 

1 

353 

292 

62 

Draymen  and  kackmen  . . 

5,363 

2.094 

198 

3.071 

28 

5,335 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors . 

617 

35 

1 

581 

427 

190 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary 

engines) . . . . 

501 

237 

22 

242 

1 

500 

Engravers . . . . 

24 

1 

23 

2 

92 

Fishermen . 

2.262 

1.566 

35 

66l 

3 

2.259 

Foremen  and  overseers . . . 

71 

11 

60 

Gardeners  and  florists . 

303 

154 

7 

142 

1 

302 

Gold  and  silver  workers . 

554 

26 

9 

519 

9 

545 

Gunsmiths . . . 

59 

6 

53 

1 

Harness  makers . 

1.397 

176 

36 

1. 185 

13 

»JO 

1,384 

Hostlers. . . . . 

397 

220 

11 

1 06 

397 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers . 

69 

16 

1 

52 

2 

67 

Housekeepers  and  stewards . . 

260 

7 

1 

252 

37 

223 

Hucksters  and  peddlers . 

1.527 

732 

37 

758 

9 

1.518 

Janitors  and  sextons . 

40 

3 

37 

3 

37 

Journalists . . . . . 

245 

3 

242 

114 

131 

Laborers . . 

350. 517 

265,044 

4,833 

80, 640 

2.B38 

348. 379 

Launderers.. . . 

1.233 

326 

19 

893 

6 

1.232 

Lawyers  . . . . . 

1.406 

1  406 

1  273 

133 

Linemen  ( telegraph,  etc. ) . 

49 

4 

45 

4 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . 

171 

171 

79 

92 

Livery-stable  keepers . 

24 

6 

18 

24 

Lumbermen .  . 

80 

52 

28 

80 

Machinists . . . 

958 

140 

8 

810 

102 

856 

Masons . 

6, 557 

2.610 

282 

3, 665 

27 

6,530 

Mechanics . 

4. 672 

415 

47 

4.210 

212 

4.460 

Merchants . 

46.851 

4.062 

330 

42.459 

3.112 

43.739 

Messengers  and  office  boys - 

2: 16 

99 

4 

133 

1 

235 

Miners  and  quarrvmen . 

854 

425 

4 

425 

4 

850 

Molders . 

242 

19 

7 

216 

6 

236 

Musicians . 

582 

28 

6 

548 

41 

541 

Nurses . 

239 

26 

1 

212 

16 

223 

Officials,  government . 

473 

473 

164 

309 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies. 

53 

. . 

9 

2 

42 

2 

51 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

22,589 

4, 675 

758 

17. 156 

93 

22. 496 

Packers  and  shippers. . . 

83 

47 

36 

2 

81 

Painters . *. . 

1,531 

211 

33 

1.287 

36 

1,495 

Photographers . . . . 

212 

1 

211 

37 

175 

Phvsicians  and  surgeons _ _ 

1.223 

1.223 

1.160 

63 

Piano  makers . . . . .  . 

15 

15 

2 

13 

Planters. . . . . . 

3,255 

1.623 

35 

1,597 

206 

3,049 

Plumbers . . . 

43 

5 

1 

37 

2 

41 

Policemen  and  watchmen  . . 

4.824 

1,019 

54 

3, 751 

230 

4.594 

Porters  .  . . . . 

48 

4 

44 

8 

40 

Potters . . . . . . . 

277 

152 

8 

117 

277 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc . . 

1.481 

4 

1 

1,470 

81 

1,400 

Rope  makers.  _ _ _ 

34 

11 

1 

•» 

34 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

4.820 

9  954 

116 

2,450 

80 

4.740 

Salesmen .  . 

14,533 

1.354 

151 

13.028 

239 

14,294 

Saloon  keepers . . 

73 

9 

1 

63 

73 

Servants . 

18,657 

9.944 

909 

7,804 

42 

18,615 

Ship  and  boat  builders . . . 

84 

21 

2 

61 

84 

Shirt  makers . . . . 

102 

4 

3 

95 

3 

99 

Shoemakers . . 

6.28ft 

1.884 

311 

4,085 

11 

6,269 

Soldiers  . . . 

598 

48 

2 

548 

278 

320 

Steam-railroad  emplovees . . 

678 

240 

ll 

427 

37 

641 

Stenographers  and  tvpewriters . 

31 

31 

9 

22 

Stock  raisers . . . . . 

489 

331 

10 

148 

3 

486 

Stonecutters . . 

240 

65 

4 

171 

Straw  workers . 

14 

8 

1 

5 

14 

Street  railway  employees . 

27 

3 

24 

1 

26 

Sugar  makers . . . 

642 

24 

8 

610 

41 

601 

Tailors . 

3,481 

214 

68 

3,199 

37 

3.444 

Tanners . . . . 

343 

112 

1 

230 

343 

Teachers . .  . . . 

1.206 

1.206 

762 

444 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees  . . 

460 

460 

144 

316 

Tinners*  .  . .* . . 

712 

129 

17 

566 

10 

702 

Upholsterers . 

24 

2 

1 

21 

9 

M 

22 

Veterinary  surgeons  . 

63 

34 

29 

Watch  and  clock  makers . 

255 

6 

1 

248 

14 

241 

Wood  choppers . 

191 

143 

5 

43 

1 

190 

OCCUPATIONS 


469 


Table  XXIX. — Occupations  by  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total,  Females. 


Occupation . 

Total. 

Actresses _ _ _ _ 

18 

Artists . . . . . . 

53 

Bakers . . . . . . . 

18 

Boarding-housekeepers 

2 

Bookkeepers . . . . 

4 

Charcoal*  burners  _ _ _ _ 

11 

Confectioners . . . . 

3 

Dressmakers _ _ 

419 

Gardeners  and  florists  . . . 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers _ 

4 

Housekeepers ..... _ _ 

15 

Hucksters  and  peddlers _ _ 

115 

Laborers _ _ _ _ _ 

8.860 
20. 980 

4 

Laundresses _ _ _ _ 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . 

Merchants  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

414 

Musicians  . . . . . . 

46 

Nurses _ _ _ _ _ 

284 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ 

Photographers . 

1.580 

i 

Planters. . . . . . 

18 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc _ 

Saleswomen _ _ _ _ 

18 

36 

Seamstresses . . . . . 

Servants . . . . . 

8,329 
22. 807 

Shirt  makers . . . . 

3 

Shoemakers _ _ _ _ 

40 

Stenographers  and  typewriters _ 

Straw  workers . . . 

Teachers . . .  .... 

6 

322 

1.502 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees... 

5 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

1 

17 

18 

2 

1 

51 

4 

49 

7 

9 

/V 

9 

18 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

n 

11 

2 

1 

3 

40 

10 

369 

2 

417 

5 

2 

7 

2 

2 

4 

2 

1 

12 

15 

92 

3 

20 

1 

114 

8,220 

71 

569 

24 

8. 836 

15,858 

1.123 

3. 999 

4 

20, 976 

4 

4 

200 

17 

197 

19 

395 

46 

5 

41 

65 

6 

213 

63 

221 

589 

154 

837 

i 

3 

1 . 577 
7 

16 

9 

18 

18 

4 

14 

2 

3 

31 

1 

35 

2,021 

482 

5, 826 

45 

8.284 

14, 981 

1,947 

5, 879 

n 

22, 796 

3 

3 

13 

2 

25 

40 

6 

3 

3 

246 

23 

53 

322 

1.502 

859 

643 

5 

1 

4 

Table  XXX. — Occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition. 


CUBA. 


Total  Males. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Actors . 

86 

51 

27 

3 

5 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.)  and  col- 

lectors . . . . . 

621 

223 

:«)7 

51 

40 

Apprentices . .  . . . . . 

2. 543 

2,536 

1 

2 

4 

Architects . . . 

162 

37 

104 

11 

10 

Artists . . 

241 

127 

83 

18 

13 

Bakers  . . . 

5,426 

3, 798 

914 

595 

116 

3 

Bankers  and  brokers . . 

219 

56 

119 

17 

27 

Barbers  and  hairdressers . . 

3,349 

2,088 

784 

387 

90 

Blacksmiths.  . . 

2.328 

1 . 348 

579 

332 

69 

Boarding-house  keepers . 

20 

8 

7 

4 

1 

Boiler  makers . 

479 

240 

158 

50 

31 

Bookbinders . 

53 

32 

17 

4 

Bookkeepers . . .  ... 

335 

169 

140 

10 

16 

Box  makers  (wood) . _• . 

158 

92 

35 

26 

5 

Brickmakers _ _ _ 

109 

74 

19 

12 

4 

Broom  and  brush  makers . 

20 

16 

2 

9 

Builders  and  contractors . . . 

46 

26 

12 

3 

5 

Butchers . . . 

481 

249 

117 

102 

13 

Cabinetmakers . . . 

207 

114 

54 

30 

9 

Carpenters . . . 

14,204 

7,264 

4,119 

2,037 

781 

3 

Charcoal  burners . 

1.597 

1 . 164 

176 

212 

44 

1 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

2,248 

1. 162 

865 

116 

105 

Clergvmen  ...*.” . . . 

283 

247 

23 

10 

8 

Commercial  travelers . 

105 

44 

51 

6 

4 

470  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXX. — Occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued, 


CUBA— Continued. 
Total  Males— Continued. 


Occupation. 


Confectioners . 

Coopers  . 

Dairymen . . . 

Dentists . 

Draymen  and  liackmen . 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors . 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary)... 

Engravers . 

Fishermen  . . . . 

Foremen  and  overseers . 

Gardeners  and  florists . . . 

Gold  and  silver  workers . 

Gunsmiths . . 

Harness  makers . 

Hostlers . 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers . 

Housekeepers  and  stewards  . . 

Hucksters  and  peddlers . 

Janitors  and  sextons . 

Journalists . 

Laborers . 

Launderers . 

Lawyers . 

Linemen  (telegraph,  etc.) . . . 

Literary  and  scientific  persons . 

Livery-stable  keepers . 

Lumbermen .  . 

Machinists . 

Masons . 

Mechanics . 

Merchants . 

Messengers  and  office  boys . 

Miners  and  quarry  men . 

Molders . 

Musicians . 

Nurses . . 

Officials,  government . 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies. 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Packers  and  shippers . 

Painters . 

Photographers . . . . 

Physicians  and  surgeons . 

Piano  makers . 

Planters . 

Plumbers . 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

Porters . 

Potters . 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc . 

Rone  makers . . . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . 

Saloon  keepers . 

Servants  . 

Ship  and  boat  builders . 

Shirt  makers . 

Shoemakers . 

Soldiers . 

Steam-railroad  employees . 

Stenographers  and  typewriters . 

Stock  raisers . 

Stonecutters . 

Straw  workers . 

Street-railway  employees . 

Sugar  makers . 

Tailors . 

Tanners . 

Teachers . 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees  . . 
Tinners  . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

113 

50 

42 

16 

5 

949 

390 

273 

238 

48 

125 

72 

42 

5 

6 

354 

157 

164 

9 

24 

5,363 

2,915 

1,312 

981 

153 

2 

617 

283 

268 

38 

28 

501 

279 

103 

114 

5 

24 

9 

11 

1 

3 

2,262 

1,372 

524 

290 

73 

3 

71 

37 

28 

4 

2 

303 

205 

52 

34 

12 

554 

295 

181 

44 

34 

59 

36 

18 

3 

2 

1,397 

829 

357 

158 

53 

397 

326 

41 

23 

7 

69 

41 

22 

5 

1 

260 

149 

84 

10 

15 

2 

1.527 

990 

276 

220 

41 

40 

25 

10 

2 

3 

245 

100 

120 

12 

13 

350,517 

221, 130 

70,279 

44,713 

14,248 

147 

1,238 

865 

195 

152 

26 

. 

1.406 

395 

895 

30 

86 

49 

26 

15 

5 

3 

171 

91 

62 

7 

11 

24 

12 

9 

2 

1 

80 

62 

11 

5 

1 

1 

958 

387 

392 

135 

44 

6,557 

3.334 

1,434 

1,532 

257 

4,672 

2,  0Z0 

1,484 

456 

205 

2 

46.851 

27.078 

14.919 

3.061 

1,788 

5 

236 

183 

33 

14 

6 

854 

753 

75 

10 

16 

242 

157 

57 

17 

11 

582 

274 

199 

73 

36 

239 

168 

55 

9 

7 

473 

137 

272 

29 

35 

53 

37 

11 

2 

3 

22.589 

13,414 

5,157 

3, 125 

888 

5 

83 

51 

16 

16 

1,531 

828 

375 

260 

67 

1 

212 

130 

65 

9 

8 

1,223 

321 

814 

35 

53 

15 

6 

6 

3 

3,255 

1.235 

1.477 

338 

203 

2 

43 

24 

11 

8 

4.824 

3.263 

1.104 

291 

161 

5 

48 

14 

28 

4 

2 

277 

140 

75 

48 

14 

1.481 

1.008 

355 

72 

45 

1 

34 

26 

4 

1 

3 

4,820 

2,538 

1.685 

430 

164 

3 

14,533 

14,345 

826 

203 

147 

12 

73 

63 

8 

2 

18,657 

14,885 

1.568 

1.804 

389 

11 

84 

30 

35 

5 

14 

102 

65 

28 

7 

2 

6,280 

3,620 

1,435 

946 

279 

598 

341 

233 

9 

15 

678 

369 

223 

58 

28 

31 

25 

5 

1 

489 

324 

94 

53 

18 

240 

117 

84 

31 

8 

14 

11 

1 

2 

27 

14 

9 

3 

1 

642 

254 

292 

47 

49 

3,481 

1,991 

944 

399 

145 

2 

343 

241 

73 

23 

6 

1.206 

458 

579 

44 

125 

460 

249 

181 

11 

19 

712 

372 

201 

99 

40 

OCCUPATIONS 


471 


Table  XXX. — Occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued. 

CUBA— Continued. 

Total  Males— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

Upholsterers . . . . . . 

24 

14 

6 

2 

2 

Veterinary  surgeons . . . 

63 

15 

39 

2 

7 

Watch  and  clock  makers . . 

255 

110 

101 

26 

18 

Wood  choppers . 

191 

142 

20 

27 

2 

Total  Females. 


Actresses  . . . . . . 

18 

9 

9 

Artists . . - . . 

53 

29 

16 

3 

5 

Bakers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

18 

13 

2 

2 

i 

Boarding-house  keepers . 

2 

1 

1 

Bookkeepers . . 

4 

4 

Charcoal  burners . 

11 

10 

i 

Confectioners. . 

3 

2 

1 

Dressmakers . . . 

419 

305 

43 

34 

37 

Gardeners  and  florists . 

7 

4 

2 

1 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keepers . 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Housekeepers . . . 

15 

6 

2 

1 

6 

Hucksters  and  peddlers . 

115 

63 

18 

16 

18 

Laborers . 

8,860 

5,351 

356 

2,851 

302 

Laundresses . .  . . 

20^980 

13,559 

1,170 

4,418 

1,829 

4 

Literary  and  scientific  persons  . . 

4 

1 

3 

Merchants . . . 

414 

187 

129 

26 

72 

Musicians _ _ _ _ 

46 

a5 

6 

2 

3 

Nurses . 

284 

185 

43 

6 

50 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

1.580 

1.150 

141 

77 

212 

Photographers  . 

7 

5 

1 

1 

Planters  . 

18 

6 

1 

3 

8 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc  . . 

18 

14 

1 

3 

Saleswomen . . . . . . . 

36 

30 

1 

2 

3 

Seamstresses . 

8,329 

6,072 

650 

753 

852 

2 

Servants . 

22.807 

18.054 

645 

2, 185 

1,916 

7 

Shirt  makers  .  . . . 

3 

2 

1 

Shoemakers . 

40 

30 

3 

1 

6 

Stenographers  and  typewriters . 

6 

6 

Straw  workers _  . 

322 

215 

24 

17 

66 

Teachers . . .  . 

1,502 

952 

299 

8 

240 

3 

Telegraph  and  telephone  employees  . . 

5 

4 

1 

Table  XXXI. — Occupations  by  sex  and  place  of  birtlu 

CUBA. 

Total.  Mal.es. 


472 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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Table  XXXI. — Occupations  by  sex  and  place  of  birth — Continued. 


474 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


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470 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  XXXII. — Occupations  by  provinces. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Habana. 

City  of 
Habana. 

Matan- 

zas. 

Pinar 
del  Rio. 

Puerto 

Prin¬ 

cipe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santi¬ 

ago. 

Actors . 

104 

69 

58 

9 

1 

2 

9 

14 

Agents  (real  estate,  etc.) 

and  collectors  . 

621 

253 

225 

67 

85 

27 

126 

63 

Apprentices . - . 

2,543 

1,720 

1,424 

19 

59 

14 

355 

376 

Architects  and  draftsmen. 

162 

122 

106 

9 

5 

2 

14 

10 

Artists _ _ _ 

294 

211 

199 

8 

15 

3 

24 

33 

Bakers . . 

5,444 

1,499 

895 

587 

361 

340 

1,108 

1,549 

Bankers  and  brokers . 

219 

197 

192 

4 

3 

11 

4 

Barbers  and  hairdressers. . 

3,349 

1,239 

927 

347 

115 

192 

824 

632 

Blacksmiths. . 

2,328 

728 

539 

358 

89 

112 

563 

478 

Boarding-house  keepers... 

22 

5 

5 

3 

7 

3 

4 

Boiler  makers . 

479 

154 

83 

144 

2 

137 

42 

Bookbinders _  _ 

53 

32 

29 

5 

6 

10 

Bookkeepers . . . 

.339 

226 

204 

23 

10 

11 

49 

20 

Box  makers  ( wood ) . 

158 

155 

146 

1 

2 

Briekmakers  . 

109 

29 

2 

5 

36 

3 

36 

Broom  and  brush  makers. . 

20 

13 

12 

2 

5 

Builders  and  contractors.. 

46 

18 

14 

7 

6 

6 

9 

Butchers . . 

481 

265 

220 

37 

14 

9 

58 

98 

Cabinetmakers . 

207 

138 

124 

9 

5 

1 

11 

43 

Carpenters . . . 

14,204 

4, 754 

3. 195 

2,111 

724 

651 

3. 180 

2, 784 

Charcoal  burners . 

1,608 

233 

150 

376 

57 

14 

577 

351 

Clerks  and  copyists . . 

2,248 

920 

730 

306 

55 

204 

489 

274 

Clergymen . . 

283 

117 

89 

44 

20 

16 

50 

30 

Commercial  travelers . 

105 

76 

72 

5 

2 

1 

18 

3 

Confectioners _ _ 

116 

55 

46 

l 

4 

11 

22 

17 

Coopers _ _ _ 

949 

239 

160 

313 

11 

34 

152 

200 

Dairvmen . . . 

125 

66 

57 

19 

3 

2 

28 

7 

Dentists . . 

354 

205 

173 

33 

9 

14 

62 

31 

Draymen  and  hackmen  ... 

5,363 

3,584 

3. 100 

482 

292 

211 

497 

297 

Dressmakers . 

419 

285 

244 

22 

2 

16 

38 

56 

Engineers  (civil)  and  sur- 

veyors. . . 

617 

316 

264 

50 

15 

21 

134 

81 

Engineers  and  firemen 

(stationary  engines).  ... 

501 

215 

177 

78 

4 

5 

85 

114 

Engravers . . . 

24 

20 

19 

1 

2 

1 

Fishermen . . 

2.262 

529 

63 

242 

246 

147 

716 

382 

Foremen  and  overseers  . . . 

71 

27 

25 

11 

3 

1 

4 

25 

Gardeners  and  florists. _ 

310 

159 

140 

44 

4 

3 

68 

32 

Gold  and  silver  workers  . . 

554 

186 

143 

61 

19 

43 

121 

124 

Gunsmiths . . . 

59 

19 

17 

5 

2 

H 

8 

14 

Harness  makers . 

1.397 

415 

346 

144 

88 

109 

344 

297 

Hostlers  .  . . 

397 

252 

233 

43 

28 

44 

30 

Hotel  and  restaurant  keep- 

ers .  . . . 

73 

48 

36 

3 

5 

5 

12 

Housekeepers  and  stew- 

ards . 

275 

45 

26 

53 

7 

9 

142 

19 

Hucksters  and  peddlers. .. 

1.642 

694 

502 

215 

132 

79 

310 

212 

Janitors  and  sextons . 

40 

16 

13 

5 

6 

3 

5 

5 

Journalists . . 

245 

166 

152 

19 

2 

5 

29 

24 

Laborers  . . 

359,377 

63, 632 

16,510 

52, 695 

54,016 

19,308 

96,483 

73,243 

Launderers . 

22,218 

8, 553 

6,247 

4,264 

1.244 

1,713 

4,032 

2,412 

Lawyers . 

1,406 

898 

749 

144 

61 

37 

153 

113 

Linemen, telegraph, etc  ... 

49 

23 

16 

1 

5 

3 

17 

Literary  and  scientific 

persons . 

175 

107 

96 

14 

6 

10 

23 

15 

Livery-stable  keepers . . 

24 

14 

12 

4 

4 

2 

Lumbermen . . . 

80 

1 

23 

56 

Machinists . 

958 

335 

233 

179 

17 

15 

192 

220 

Masons . 

6,557 

2,937 

2,279 

1,015 

273 

269 

1,185 

878 

Mechanics . 

4. 672 

2,009 

1.574 

1,067 

74 

131 

1,037 

354 

Merchants . 

47,265 

20, 771 

15, 171 

6, 992 

2,854 

1, 875 

8,486 

6,287 

Messengers  and  office  boys 

236 

90 

81 

18 

28 

ry 

L 

42 

51 

Miners  and  quarrymen.... 

854 

37 

28 

4 

1 

4 

808 

Molders . 

242 

100 

84 

45 

73 

24 

Musicians . 

628 

366 

332 

81 

26 

38 

43 

74 

Nurses . . . 

523 

260 

222 

51 

11 

23 

92 

86 

Officials,  Government . 

473 

157 

103 

55 

47 

43 

72 

99 

Officials  of  manufacturing 

companies . 

53 

32 

30 

1 

5 

3 

1 

11 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

24. 169 

16, 647 

12. 128 

1.123 

889 

238 

2,598 

2,674 

Packers  and  shippers 

83 

(53 

63 

1 

3 

16 

Painters  _ _ . . 

1,531 

1.057 

9:56 

143 

22 

40 

196 

73 

Photographers . 

219 

121 

102 

20 

9 

7 

32 

Phvsicians  and  surgeons. . 

1,223 

655 

496 

129 

82 

46 

186 

125 

Piano  makers . 

15 

10 

10 

1 

1 

3 

Planters . 

3,273 

253 

161 

129 

49 

463 

1,446 

933 

PI  mnbers 

13 

41 

:$8 

2 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

4.824 

1.888 

1. 152 

611 

265 

446 

1,183 

431 

Porters . 

48 

6 

5 

11 

3 

2 

20 

6 

Potters  . . 

277 

52 

5 

1 

1 

32 

119 

72 

Printers,  lithographers, etc 

1.499 

918 

846 

124 

24 

66 

210 

157 

OCCUPATIONS 


477 


Table  XXXII. — Occupations  by  provinces— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Habana. 

City  of 
Habana. 

Matan- 

zas. 

Pinar 
del  Rio. 

Puerto 

Prin¬ 

cipe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santi¬ 

ago. 

Rope  makers . . 

34 

31 

20 

1 

1 

1 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

4,820 

1,865 

1,046 

472 

152 

381 

1,091 

859 

Salesmen  and  saleswomen. 

14.569 

10, 177 

9,351 

406 

741 

147 

2,098 

1,000 

Saloon  keepers . . . 

73 

53 

50 

3 

13 

4 

Seamstresses  . . 

8,329 

3,239 

2,528 

1,099 

232 

659 

1,361 

1,739 

Servants . . 

41,464 

19, 199 

15,025 

5,252 

3.185 

2,380 

7,439 

4,009 

Ship  and  boat  builders.... 

84 

59 

12 

15 

1 

8 

1 

Shirt  makers . 

105 

48 

46 

13 

1 

6 

14 

23 

Shoemakers.. . . 

6,320 

1,487 

972 

821 

441 

594 

1,869 

1,108 

Soldiers . . . 

598 

229 

161 

64 

24 

46 

71 

164 

Steam-railroad  employees. 

678 

162 

80 

234 

14 

20 

201 

47 

Stenographers  and  type- 

writers  _ _ 

37 

26 

24 

9 

1 

1 

Stockraisers . . 

489 

84 

33 

23 

170 

9 

59 

144 

Stonecutters  _  _ 

240 

179 

140 

29 

1 

19 

12 

Straw  workers 

336 

9 

211 

41 

65 

10 

Street-rail  way  employees 

27 

22 

18 

1 

2 

2 

Sugar  makers _ _ 

642 

218 

100 

195 

17 

2 

127 

83 

Tailors . 

3,481 

1,600 

1,337 

342 

120 

130 

628 

661 

Tanners . . 

343 

74 

22 

106 

5 

34 

83 

41 

Teachers . . . . 

2,708 

1,142 

824 

383 

106 

122 

594 

361 

Telegraph  and  telephone 

employees . . . 

465 

191 

128 

98 

16 

28 

82 

50 

Tinners . . 

712 

280 

210 

102 

11 

45 

143 

131 

Upholsterers  . . . 

24 

16 

16 

1 

l 

1 

5 

Veterinary  surgeons  . 

63 

22 

14 

10 

4 

15 

1 

Watch  and  clock  makers.. 

255 

105 

88 

27 

9 

is 

61 

38 

Wood  choppers  . 

191 

114 

5 

72 

Table  XXXIII. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Apprentices. . . 

1,720 

919 

118 

693 

Bakers . . . . . 

l’495 

4 

439 

1 

609 

447 

3 

Barbers . . 

L239 

669 

268 

301 

Blacksmiths . 

728 

328 

226 

174 

Carpenters . . . . 

4,754 

1,889 

1,400 

1.465 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

920 

682 

‘223 

15 

Draymen  and*  hackmen  . . . 

3,584 

883 

1,825 

876 

Fishermen . . . . 

529 

375 

113 

41 

Harness  makers . 

415 

196 

72 

147 

Hucksters . . . . 

683 

11 

170 

1 

250 

5 

263 

5 

Laborers . 

62,961 

671 

35, 983 

307 

11,898 

41 

15,080 

323 

Launderers _ _ 

780 

7,773 

96 

604 

457 

224 

227 

6,925 

Lawyers . . . 

898 

786 

111 

1 

Masons  . . . . 

2,937 

576 

495 

1,866 

Mechanics. . 

2’ 009 

1,391 

424 

194 

Merchants . . . 

20,594 

177 

6,744 

62 

13, 169 

101 

681 

14 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

15,390 

1.257 

8,367 

939 

2,521 

50 

4,502 

268 

Painters . . . 

1,057 

571 

272 

214 

Physicians  . . . . . 

655 

553 

99 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

1,888 

1,242 

460 

186 

Printers . 

915 

3 

'658 

3 

228 

29 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1,865 

363 

1,436 

66 

Salesmen . . . 

10, 149 

28 

1,833 

14 

7,811 

14 

505 

Seamstresses _ _ 

3,239 

713 

139 

2  387 

Servants  . . . . 

9,476 

9,723 

1,192 

1,201 

2, 765 

900 

5,519 

622 

Shoemakers . . . . 

1,480 

7 

431 

1 

452 

1 

597 

5 

Tailors . . . 

1,600 

265 

615 

720 

Teachers . 

496 

646 

335 

480 

151 

148 

10 

18 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Apprentices . 

1,424 

741 

117 

566 

Bakers . . . . 

'895 

155 

433 

207 

Barbers _ _ _ _ 

927 

474 

216 

237 

Blacksmiths . . . 

539 

230 

181 

128 

Carpenters. . . . . . 

3, 195 

1,886 

. 

1,081 

1,028 

478  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 

Table  XXXIII. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex ,  race ,  and  nativity—  Continued. 


CITY  OF  HAB  AN  A— Continued. 


Occupation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

730 

519 

196 

15 

Draymen  and  hackmen _ 

3, 100 

701 

1,657 

742 

PishormPlTl  . 

63 

32 

27 

4 

Harness  makers . . 

346 

146 

66 

134 

Hn  cksters _ _ _ _ 

494 

8 

133 

208 

4 

153 

4 

Laborers . 

16,282 

228 

5.888 

100 

5,880 

23 

4,514 

105 

Launderers . . . . 

632 

5,615 

60 

244 

408 

222 

164 

5,149 

Lawyers  . . . . . 

749 

647 

102 

Masons . . 

2,279 

429 

420 

1,430 

Mechanics . . 

1,574 

1.089 

342 

143 

Merchants  . . . . . 

15.040 

131 

4,274 

48 

10,283 

74 

483 

9 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

11,312 

816 

5,456 

599 

2,281 

44 

3,575 

173 

Painters 

9:36 

511 

237 

188 

Physicians  _  _ 

496 

407 

86 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

1.152 

728 

393 

31 

Printers . . . 

843 

3 

599 

3 

218 

26 

Sailors  and  hna.fmen 

1,046 

83 

942 

21 

Salesmen . 

9;  326 

25 

1,495 

13 

7,389 

12 

442 

Seamstresses  .  _ 

2,528 

430 

116 

1,982 

Servants . 

7, 473 

7,552 

671 

743 

2,458 

819 

4,344 

5,990 

Shoemakers . . . 

967 

5 

223 

1 

363 

1 

381 

3 

Tailors _ _ _ 

1,337 

213 

552 

562 

Teachers . 

337 

487 

226 

340 

104 

131 

7 

16 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Apprentices . . 

19 

7 

12 

Bakers  . 

585 

2 

193 

2 

154 

238 

Barbers . . . . 

347 

187 

45 

115 

Blacksmiths . 

358 

173 

82 

103 

Carpenters . 

2,111 

983 

295 

833 

Clerks  and  copyists _ ... 

306 

249 

54 

3 

Draymen  and  hackmen _ 

482 

203 

130 

149 

Fishermen . 

242 

162 

49 

31 

Harness  makers . 

144 

74 

20 

50 

Hucksters . 

193 

22 

44 

2 

31 

1 

118 

19 

Laborers . 

48.364 

4,331 

21,093 

137 

5,086 

17 

22,185 

4,177 

Launderers . 

92 

4,172 

28 

495 

18 

63 

46 

3, 614 

Lawyers . 

144 

126 

18 

Masons  . 

1,015 

221 

107 

687 

Mechanics . 

1.067 

709 

136 

222 

Merchants . 

6, 950 

42 

2,731 

9 

3.235 

14 

984 

19 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

1,030 

93 

618 

87 

31 

381 

6 

Painters . 

143 

91 

18 

34 

Physicians . 

129 

104 

23 

2 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

611 

378 

105 

128 

Printers  . . . 

117 

7 

98 

7 

15 

4 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

472 

165 

296 

11 

Salesmen . 

405 

1 

169 

1 

162 

74 

Seamstresses . . 

1,099 

336 

17 

746 

Servants . . 

1.968 

3284 

265 

357 

174 

60 

1,529 

2, 867 

Shoemakers . 

814 

7 

335 

7 

145 

334 

Tailors . 

342 

51 

75 

216 

Teachers . . 

165 

218 

116 

184 

48 

26 

1 

8 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Apprentices . 

59 

Bakers  . 

358 

3 

Barbers  . 

115 

Blacksmiths . 

89 

Carpenters . 

724 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

55 

Draymen  and  hackmen  ... 

292 

Fishermen . 

246 

Harness  makers . 

88 

Hucksters . .  . 

129 

3 

T  >aborers . . . 

53.501 

515 

Launderers . 

51 

1,193 

Lawyers . . . 

61 

Masons . . .  . . 

273 

Mechanics . . . 

74 

Merchants . 

2,828 

26 

33 

26 

162 

1 

84 

112 

74 

19 

22 

39 

21 

29 

301 

184 

239 

42 

12 

1 

175 

39 

78 

186 

33 

27 

62 

9 

17 

46 

3 

24 

59 

34,033 

216 

5,939 

10 

13.529 

21 

256 

10 

9 

20 

58 

3 

53 

21 

199 

45 

..... _ 

18 

11 

999 

3 

1,676 

22 

153 

2 


289 

928 


1 


OCCUPATIONS 


479 


Table  XXXIII. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO-Continued. 


Occupation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

820 

69 

488 

50 

40 

292 

19 

Painters  _  _ 

22 

13 

4 

5 

Physieia.ns  _  _ 

82 

69 

12 

1 

Policemen  and  wa.tehmen 

265 

153 

22 

90 

Printers  . 

24 

19 

5 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

152 

96 

50 

6 

Salesmen  .  ...  _ 

740 

1 

318 

1 

342 

80 

Sea  m  stresses 

232 

121 

5 

106 

Servants  . 

1.423 

1,762 

488 

670 

173 

18 

762 

1.074 

Shoemakers . 

436 

5 

167 

2 

83 

1 

186 

2 

Tailors  .  _ 

120 

39 

39 

42 

Teachers . . . . 

71 

35 

41 

28 

30 

6 

1 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Apprentices - - - 

Bakers . 

Barbers . - . 

Blacksmiths . 

Carpenters  . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  hackmen .... 

Fishermen  . . . 

Harness  makers . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . 

Launderers . 

Lawyers . 

Masons .  . . 

Mechanics . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Painters . . . 

Physicians . 

Policemen  and  watchmen . . 

Printers . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . 

Seamstresses . 

Servants  . . 

Shoemakers . 

Tailors . 

Teachers . 


14 

10 

4 

339 

1 

259 

1 

21 

59 

192 

86 

11 

95 

112 

50 

25 

37 

651 

129 

81 

441 

204 

165 

33 

6 

211 

85 

81 

45 

147 

106 

12 

29 

109 

43 

7 

59 

60 

19 

36 

3 

5 

19 

16 

19,211 

97 

13, 732 

65 

1,730 

6 

3,749 

26 

24 

1,689 

17 

704 

1 

11 

6 

974 

37 

29 

8 

269 

42 

37 

190 

131 

96 

22 

13 

1,849 

26 

1,108 

22 

673 

1 

68 

3 

237 

1 

168 

1 

2 

67 

40 

6 

7 

27 

46 

30 

15 

1 

446 

360 

53 

33 

62 

4 

54 

4 

3 

5 

381 

272 

56 

53 

147 

95 

48 

4 

659 

441 

7 

211 

553 

1,827 

188 

933 

116 

45 

247 

849 

593 

1 

188 

1 

36 

369 

130 

40 

17 

73 

59 

63 

40 

52 

13 

8 

6 

3 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Apprentices. .  . 

355 

194 

6 

155 

Bakers . . . . 

1,108 

442 

254 

412 

Barbers  . 

'824 

196 

74 

554 

Blacksmiths  .  . . . 

563 

216 

‘  163 

184 

Carpenters  . . 

3,180 

l,a54 

591 

1.235 

Clerks  and  copyists _ _  . . 

489 

397 

80 

12 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 

497 

227 

155 

115 

Fishermen  . . . 

716 

464 

205 

47 

Harness  makers  . . 

344 

197 

13 

134 

Hucksters  _ _ 

289 

21 

91 

1 

61 

4 

137 

16 

Laborers . . . 

94,622 

1.861 

51,098 

401 

13, 978 

29 

29,546 

1,431 

Launderers -  - 

172 

3, 860 

63 

738 

57 

36 

52 

3,086 

Lawyers . . . 

153 

128 

25 

Masons . . . 

1 , 185 

201 

156 

828 

Mechanics  . . . 

1,037 

711 

198 

128 

Merchants _ _ _ 

8,430 

56 

3,419 

17 

4,171 

33 

840 

6 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

2,460 

138 

1,568 

115 

108 

1 

784 

22 

Painters  . . 

196 

85 

32 

79 

Physicians  . . 

186 

149 

36 

1 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

1 . 183 

739 

221 

223 

Printers . . . . . . 

210 

181 

12 

17 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1,091 

500 

486 

105 

Salesmen  . . . . 

2,092 

6 

821 

4 

1,019 

252 

2 

Seamstresses . . . 

1 . 361 

684 

20 

657 

Servants . . . . 

3,497 

3. 942 

627 

711 

600 

81 

2,270 

3,150 

Shoemakers _ 

1,855 

14 

406 

5 

218 

1,231 

9 

Tailors . 

628 

121 

92 

415 

Teachers . 

269 

325 

190 

267 

75 

35 

4 

23 

480  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXIII. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex ,  race ,  cmd  nativity — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Occupation. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Apprentices . . 

376 

101 

• 

1 

274 

Rakers  .  . . 

1.541 

8 

603 

2 

109 

829 

6 

Barbers  _ _ _ _ 

632 

208 

53 

371 

Blacksmiths . - . 

478 

109 

81 

288 

Carpenters  . . - . 

2, 784 

464 

207 

2,113 

Clerks  and  copyists _ 

274 

203 

56 

15 

Draymen  and  hackmen  _  - . 

297 

61 

C7 

139 

Fishermen . . . 

382 

221 

22 

139 

Harness  makers  . 

297 

114 

10 

173 

Hucksters . . . -  -  - 

173 

39 

54 

4 

18 

1 

101 

34 

Laborers . 

71,858 

1,385 

36,798 

220 

4, 941 

17 

30,119 

1.148 

Launderers . 

119 

2,293 

42 

248 

13 

17 

64 

2,028 

Lawyers  . . 

113 

104 

7 

2 

Masons  . . - . . . 

87K 

80 

82 

716 

Mechanics . 

354 

195 

76 

83 

Merchants  . . . 

6,200 

87 

3,252 

21 

2,312 

18 

636 

48 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

2,652 

22 

593 

7 

19 

2,040 

15 

Painters  _ _ 

73 

23 

12 

38 

Physicians . 

125 

191 

32 

1 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

431 

237 

60 

134 

Printers  . . 

153 

4 

128 

3 

7 

18 

1 

Bailors  and  boatmen 

859 

316 

296 

247 

Salesmen  _  _  _ 

1,000 

534 

388 

78 

Seamstresses  _ 

1,739 

538 

22 

1,179 

Servants . . . 

1,740 

2,269 

411 

395 

369 

46 

960 

1,828 

Shoemakers  _  ... 

1.102 

6 

279 

1 

110 

713 

5 

Tailors 

661 

134 

43 

484 

Teachers . 

146 

215 

106 

189 

30 

8 

10 

18 

Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  and  sex. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

MALES. 

Apprentices . . 

1,720 

890 

797 

32 

1 

Bakers . - . 

1,495 

33 

235 

352 

516 

226 

120 

13 

Barbers . . . 

1.239 

60 

196 

235 

404 

212 

121 

11 

Blacksmiths - - 

728 

21 

94 

108 

222 

161 

107 

15 

Carpenters - - 

4,7.54 

112 

454 

661 

1.346 

1.027 

1,036 

118 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

920 

11 

105 

115 

279 

213 

177 

20 

Draymen  and  hackmen.. .. 

3,584 

23 

194 

597 

1.312 

882 

534 

42 

Fishermen . . . 

529 

49 

72 

71 

150 

96 

83 

8 

Harness  makers . . 

415 

8 

47 

73 

117 

87 

74 

9 

Hucksters . . . 

683 

22 

83 

91 

161 

117 

183 

26 

Laborers . . 

62, 901 

5.361 

9.271 

9. 632 

16.2.53 

10. 367 

10,246 

1.831 

Launderers . 

780 

5 

51 

157 

311 

172 

79 

5 

Lawyers . . . 

898 

i 

1 

59 

275 

277 

241 

44 

Masons . . . 

2,937 

45 

262 

338 

813 

667 

721 

91 

Mechanics . 

2,009 

34 

251 

320 

599 

4432 

344 

29 

Merchants . . . 

20, 594 

321 

1,748 

3,008 

6,015 

4,903 

4,109 

490 

Operatives, cigar  factories 

15,390 

501 

2,212 

2, 758 

4.974 

2.863 

1.881 

201 

Painters - - - - 

1,057 

20 

125 

165 

375 

217 

140 

15 

Physicians . . 

655 

42 

206 

201 

184 

22 

Policemen  and  watchmen  . 

1,888 

1 

61 

538 

839 

307 

135 

ft 

i 

Printers . . . . 

915 

18 

192 

177 

302 

115 

77 

4 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1.865 

40 

151 

229 

620 

452 

336 

37 

Salesmen .  .... 

10.149 

543 

2,410 

2,96* 

2. 700 

948 

524 

56 

Servants . . 

9. 476 

1,103 

1,263 

1.283 

2,228 

1.418 

1.858 

323 

Shoemakers . 

1,480 

38 

146 

212 

411 

356 

284 

33 

Tailors . 

1.600 

:u 

182 

232 

498 

353 

252 

48 

Teachers . . 

496 

2 

6 

38 

120 

107 

191 

32 

FEMALES. 

Rakers  . . 

4 

1 

1 

9 

Hucksters . 

11 

2 

1 

4 

4 

Laborers . . 

671 

85 

100 

83 

142 

99 

129 

33 

Laundresses  . 

7, 7  to 

60 

686 

982 

2, 196 

1.813 

1.761 

275 

Merchants . 

177 

1 

12 

33 

55 

36 

33 

4 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

1,257 

96 

402 

280 

259 

124 

91 

5 

Printers . 

3 

2 

1 

. 

OCCUPATIONS 


481 


Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  and  sex — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA — Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

females— continued. 

Saleswomen . 

28 

3 

7 

9 

3 

5 

1 

Seamstresses . 

3, 239 

119 

640 

619 

884 

552 

391 

34 

Servants  ... . . . 

Shoemakers  . . 

9,723 

7 

1,403 

1 

1,440 

2 

994 

1,851 

2 

1,464 

1 

2, 101 

1 

470 

Teachers . . 

646 

1 

45 

109 

195 

154 

124 

18 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


MALES. 


Apprentices . 

1,424 

725 

669 

29 

1 

Bakers . . 

895 

17 

130 

208 

338 

123 

73 

6 

Barbers  . . . 

927 

48 

143 

179 

308 

152 

88 

9 

Blacksmiths . . 

539 

16 

73 

82 

173 

119 

68 

8 

Carpenters . . 

3,195 

82 

340 

471 

907 

673 

647 

75 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

730 

7 

81 

89 

232 

167 

137 

17 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 

3, 100 

20 

157 

502 

1,138 

769 

477 

37 

Fishermen  . . . . . 

63 

1 

2 

8 

20 

20 

10 

2 

Harness  makers . - 

346 

7 

39 

62 

94 

77 

61 

6 

Hucksters . . . 

494 

20 

70 

65 

129 

87 

112 

11 

Laborers . . . 

16,282 

365 

1,720 

2,466 

4,880 

3,232 

3, 157 

462 

Launderers . .. . 

632 

5 

35 

122 

265 

138 

64 

3 

Lawyers . 

749 

1 

1 

54 

235 

229 

194 

35 

Masons . . 

2,279 

29 

202 

270 

655 

520 

544 

59 

Mechanics . 

1,574 

29 

218 

255 

468 

328 

255 

21 

Merchants . 

15,040 

191 

1,134 

2, 105 

4, 487 

3, 731 

3, 047 

345 

Operatives  cigar  factories. 

11,312 

357 

1,572 

1,990 

3,749 

2,089 

1,405 

150 

Painters . . . 

936 

18 

110 

149 

332 

195 

119 

13 

Physicians.  . . 

496 

33 

165 

140 

140 

18 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

1,152 

28 

245 

550 

219 

103 

7 

Printers  . . 

843 

47 

175 

159 

283 

106 

70 

3 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1,046 

9 

43 

113 

398 

271 

193 

19 

Salesmen  . . . 

9,326 

458 

2, 147 

2, 754 

2,539 

899 

479 

50 

Servants  . . 

7,473 

775 

963 

1,019 

1,844 

1,144 

1,490 

238 

Shoemakers . 

967 

22 

89 

139 

272 

213 

211 

21 

Tailors . 

1,337 

27 

151 

199 

412 

299 

214 

35 

Teachers . . 

337 

2 

5 

26 

80 

71 

128 

25 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . 

Hucksters . 

8 

1 

1 

3 

3 

Laborers . 

228 

16 

41 

35 

58 

35 

29 

14 

Laundresses . 

5,615 

36 

425 

661 

1,598 

1,357 

1,322 

216 

Merchants . 

131 

3 

10 

28 

37 

27 

23 

3 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

816 

56 

251 

182 

172 

90 

62 

3 

Printers 

3 

2 

1 

Saleswomen  .. 

25 

3 

5 

8 

3 

5 

1 

Seamstresses . 

2,528 

92 

480 

456 

695 

462 

318 

25 

Servants . . 

7,552 

1,036 

1,141 

790 

1,459 

1,151 

1, 605 

370 

Shoemakers .... 

5 

1 

1 

2 

1 

Teachers . . 

487 

30 

87 

149 

117 

89 

15 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

19 

7 

Bakers . 

585 

23 

Barbers  . 

347 

20 

Blacksmiths . 

358 

18 

Carpenters . . . 

2,111 

51 

Clerks  and  copyists . . 

306 

3 

Draymen  and  hackmen _ 

482 

4 

Fishermen  . . . 

242 

16 

Harness  makers  . 

144 

6 

Hucksters. . 

193 

9 

Laborers . . 

48, 364 

5,063 

Launderers  . . . 

92 

Lawyers  .  . . . 

144 

Masons  . . . 

1,015 

28 

Mechanics . 

1,067 

17 

24662 - 31 


11 

1 

130 

123 

169 

89 

47 

4 

58 

73 

94 

53 

45 

4 

44 

53 

109 

82 

47 

5 

195 

245 

532 

458 

543 

87 

40 

55 

91 

59 

54 

4 

37 

78 

156 

112 

83 

12 

23 

42 

56 

38 

57 

10 

18 

22 

41 

25 

30 

2 

19 

15 

42 

28 

66 

14 

381 

5,959 

10, 148 

7,457 

10,801 

2,555 

11 

34 

25 

16 

6 

4 

38 

50 

44 

8 

115 

115 

170 

194 

337 

56 

159 

171 

294 

228 

185 

13 

482 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  b?j  age  and  sex — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

males— continued. 

Merchants . 

6,950 

226 

762 

1,048 

1,785 

1,419 

1,519 

191 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

1.030 

28 

104 

204 

286 

195 

191 

22 

Painters . 

143 

2 

19 

25 

36 

36 

24 

1 

Physicians . 

129 

8 

28 

46 

36 

11 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

611 

10 

170 

260 

111 

57 

3 

Printers . . . 

117 

10 

28 

•19 

33 

14 

13 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . 

472 

14 

34 

75 

129 

120 

83 

17 

Salesmen _ 

405 

39 

128 

87 

72 

33 

42 

4 

Servants  . 

1,968 

320 

227 

164 

297 

244 

569 

147 

Shoemakers . . . 

814 

71 

128 

106 

218 

154 

121 

16 

Tailors  . . 

342 

13 

33 

50 

93 

82 

57 

14 

Teachers . 

165 

1 

13 

12 

29 

41 

59 

10 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  .  . . . . . 

2 

1 

1 

Hucksters . . . 

22 

2 

2 

1 

4 

13 

Laborers . . . 

4,331 

196 

275 

292 

787 

949 

1,422 

410 

Laundresses . 

4,172 

42 

450 

554 

1,215 

942 

847 

122 

Merchants . . •_ . 

42 

3 

3 

9 

11 

10 

6 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

93 

6 

19 

24 

25 

11 

6 

2 

Printers  _  _  _ _ 

7 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Saleswomen  _  _ 

1 

1 

Seamstresses . . . 

1,099 

36 

229 

226 

306 

165 

120 

17 

Servants . 

3,284 

593 

492 

293 

511 

506 

737 

152 

Shoemakers . 

7 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Teachers  . 

218 

1 

24 

36 

76 

36 

41 

4 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . . . 

59 

30 

26 

2 

1 

Bakers  . 

358 

12 

68 

86 

115 

39 

36 

2 

Barbers  . . . 

115 

6 

24 

21 

38 

15 

10 

1 

Blacksmiths . 

89 

3 

9 

20 

25 

17 

14 

1 

Carpenters . . . 

724 

18 

55 

68 

192 

183 

184 

24 

Clerks  and  copyists. .  _ 

55 

1 

4 

8 

18 

10 

14 

Draymen  and  liackmen. . .. 

292 

15 

33 

46 

105 

55 

37 

1 

Fishermen . . 

246 

28 

38 

25 

57 

43 

45 

10 

Harness  makers . 

88 

3 

15 

14 

23 

20 

13 

Hucksters . — 

129 

11 

15 

16 

30 

22 

28 

rr 

i 

Laborers . 

53,501 

7,888 

8,430 

8.125 

12,941 

7,538 

7,197 

1,382 

Launderers . . . 

51 

3 

7 

9 

15 

9 

7 

1 

Lawyers . . 

61 

3 

19 

18 

19 

2 

Masons . 

273 

9 

31 

33 

58 

60 

73 

9 

Mechanics . 

74 

2 

13 

21 

23 

15 

Merchants  . . . 

2,828 

70 

307 

455 

839 

610 

497 

50 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

820 

71 

154 

141 

200 

122 

117 

15 

Painters  _  _  . 

22 

5 

9 

7 

1 

Physicians . . . . 

82 

1 

4 

24 

24 

26 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

265 

12 

82 

125 

31 

13 

2 

Printers. _ _ _ _ 

24 

6 

5 

10 

1 

2 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

152 

12 

25 

19 

30 

33 

30 

3 

Salesmen . . . 

740 

63 

206 

190 

168 

53 

51 

9 

Servants . 

1,423 

291 

244 

222 

262 

150 

217 

37 

Shoemakers . 

436 

26 

70 

105 

108 

74 

49 

4 

Tailors . 

120 

9 

17 

17 

39 

19 

18 

1 

Teachers . 

71 

1 

2 

17 

r* 

i 

40 

4 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

Hucksters . 

3 

i 

2 

Laborers . 

515 

94 

82 

58 

104 

93 

20 

Laundresses . 

1,193 

62 

170 

223 

353 

221 

142 

22 

Merchants . 

26 

5 

3 

12 

5 

1 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

69 

9 

20 

20 

9 

9 

2 

Printers _ _ 

Saleswomen 

1 

i 

Sea m stresses 

232 

14 

57 

58 

68 

28 

7 

Servants  . 

1,762 

364 

308 

2514 

:t49 

208 

206 

33 

Shoemakers  . 

5 

o 

1 

1 

1 

ToiLrllftTH 

35 

2 

4 

11 

11 

4 

OCCUPATIONS 


483 


Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  and  sex — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

MALES. 

i 

AirnrAnticPS  _  _ 

14 

8 

6 

Bakers  . 

339 

15 

63 

59 

96 

60 

39 

1 

Barbers . — 

192 

18 

43 

32 

46 

28 

22 

3 

Blacksmiths . - . 

112 

6 

11 

17 

36 

23 

17 

2 

Carpenters . 

651 

26 

78 

82 

135 

106 

191 

33 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

204 

3 

25 

42 

40 

46 

44 

4 

Draymen  and  hackmen  ... 

211 

1 

12 

36 

59 

57 

41 

5 

Fishermen . -- 

147 

12 

22 

16 

26 

36 

31 

4 

Harness  makers . 

109 

2 

16 

31 

23 

15 

17 

5 

Hucksters . 

60 

6 

12 

4 

12 

13 

10 

3 

Laborers . 

19,211 

2,087 

3,341 

1,979 

3,540 

3,434 

3,862 

968 

T  ifl.mirlprAT'S  _ 

24 

1 

3 

10 

6 

4 

T.ftwvflrs  _ 

37 

1 

9 

13 

10 

4 

Masons . 

269 

11 

29 

25 

55 

40 

98 

11 

Mechanics  _ 

131 

16 

30 

45 

21 

18 

1 

Merchants . - . 

1,849 

50 

236 

265 

448 

422 

374 

54 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

237 

6 

24 

20 

30 

49 

90 

18 

Painters . -  - 

40 

2 

5 

10 

8 

7 

7 

1 

Phvsicians  .  _ 

46 

2 

19 

15 

7 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

446 

26 

119 

180 

73 

48 

Printers  _  _ .... 

62 

4 

15 

12 

18 

6 

7 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . 

381 

10 

40 

51 

no 

99 

61 

10 

Salesmen . . 

147 

24 

54 

34 

23 

7 

4 

1 

Servants .  . - 

553 

105 

64 

47 

99 

93 

100 

45 

Shoemakers . . 

593 

35 

82 

64 

163 

137 

103 

9 

Tailors . 

130 

9 

32 

28 

19 

20 

12 

10 

npea  chers  .  _ _ 

59 

7 

14 

12 

21 

5 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  _ _ 

1 

1 

Hucksters  _ _ 

19 

4 

2 

11 

2 

Laborers . 

97 

10 

14 

13 

15 

18 

21 

6 

Laundresses . 

1,689 

39 

237 

180 

426 

389 

359 

59 

Merchants . . 

26 

1 

4 

3 

7 

10 

1 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

1 

1 

Printers _ _ _ 

4 

3 

1 

Saleswomen _ _ 

Seamstresses . 

659 

42 

182 

85 

145 

107 

88 

10 

Servants . 

1,827 

129 

316 

188 

356 

328 

401 

109 

Shoemakers . 

1 

1 

Teachers . 

63 

9 

11 

23 

11 

7 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

355 

153 

182 

17 

2 

1 

Bakers . 

1,108 

38 

213 

235 

334 

176 

108 

4 

Barbers  . 

824 

52 

161 

152 

206 

133 

111 

9 

Blacksmiths . 

563 

14 

77 

85 

185 

106 

88 

8 

Carpenters . . . 

3,180 

102 

331 

409 

847 

740 

659 

92 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

489 

3 

68 

88 

145 

97 

78 

10 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 

497 

6 

51 

74 

164 

119 

77 

6 

Fishermen . 

716 

71 

117 

116 

182 

115 

101 

14 

Harness  makers . 

344 

9 

53 

101 

90 

51 

35 

5 

Hucksters . . 

289 

16 

22 

33 

60 

54 

91 

13 

Laborers . . . 

94,622 

10, 749 

13, 116 

12,444 

22,054 

16,509 

16,547 

3,203 

Launderers . 

172 

4 

20 

28 

75 

31 

14 

Lawyers . 

153 

9 

35 

51 

49 

9 

Masons . . . . 

1,185 

23 

114 

129 

273 

268 

338 

40 

Mechanics . . 

1,037 

10 

101 

182 

361 

225 

150 

8 

Merchants . . 

8,430 

215 

884 

1,111 

2,339 

1,941 

1,773 

167 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

2,460 

98 

374 

416 

671 

425 

429 

47 

Painters _ _ 

196 

2 

16 

29 

57 

56 

32 

4 

Physicians _ _ 

186 

6 

64 

72 

39 

5 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

1,183 

28 

375 

506 

186 

84 

4 

Printers . . . . 

210 

15 

50 

38 

57 

40 

10 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1,091 

41 

99 

108 

298 

295 

223 

27 

Salesmen . 

2,092 

205 

582 

516 

495 

144 

140 

10 

Servants  . 

3,497 

465 

359 

287 

624 

537 

1,035 

190 

Shoemakers.. . 

1,855 

116 

309 

233 

508 

398 

272 

19 

Tailors . . 

628 

34 

104 

107 

133 

131 

104 

15 

Teachers . 

269 

12 

25 

70 

62 

84 

16 

484 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXIV. — Occupations  by  age  and  sex — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 

15 

years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

FEMALES. 

Rakers _  _ _ 

Hucksters . « _ 

21 

2 

1 

2 

12 

4 

Laborers . 

1,861 

172 

198 

130 

336 

326 

529 

170 

Laundresses . . . 

3, 860 

57 

479 

566 

1.050 

912 

729 

67 

Merchants . 

56 

3 

6 

ff 

i 

16 

15 

i 

2 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

138 

15 

45 

34 

18 

11 

12 

o 

O 

Printers . . 

Saleswomen . . . 

6 

1 

2 

2 

1 

Seamstresses . . 

1,361 

80 

372 

258 

366 

189 

90- 

6 

Servants  . 

3,942 

651 

565 

366 

712 

624 

867 

157 

Shoemakers . . 

14 

6 

1 

2 

3 

2 

Teachers . 

325 

3 

40 

91 

92 

49 

49 

1 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

376 

206 

163 

4 

1 

1 

1 

Bakers . . . 

1,541 

122 

397 

247 

36* 

268 

136 

7 

Barbers . 

632 

oo 

172 

109 

144 

94 

56 

2 

Blacksmiths.. . . . 

478 

13 

83 

76 

143 

97 

59 

i 

Carpenters . 

2,784 

120 

349 

373 

862 

507 

490 

83 

Clerks  and  copyists - 

274 

3 

34 

36 

78 

64 

58 

1 

Draymen  and  hackmen.... 

297 

3 

20 

38 

97 

89 

49 

1 

Fishermen  . . 

382 

58 

69 

36 

57 

88 

64 

10 

Harness  makers  . . . 

297 

4 

471 

77 

98 

51 

23 

1 

Hucksters. . . 

173 

26 

29 

20 

34 

27 

30 

7 

Laborers . . . 

71.858 

9,792 

10,736 

7,840 

13, 778 

13, 768 

13,407 

2,537 

Launderers _ 

119 

8 

18 

39 

40 

9 

5 

Lawyers _ _ 

113 

3 

43 

39 

20 

8 

Masons . 

878 

40 

93 

80 

211 

210 

213 

31 

Mechanics . . 

354 

6 

42 

54 

121 

74 

56 

1 

Merchants  . . 

6,200 

194 

803 

877 

1,(537 

1, 506 

1,080 

103 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

2,652 

194 

541 

457 

637 

486 

312 

25 

Painters . . . ... 

73 

1 

6 

6 

22 

16 

21 

1 

Physicians  ..  _ 

125 

5 

37 

50 

29 

4 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

431 

14 

99 

187 

95 

36 

Printers  _ 

153 

15 

39 

25 

41 

20 

13 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

859 

37 

93 

100 

206 

239 

166 

18 

Salesmen . 

1,000 

118 

357 

240 

177 

78 

26 

4 

Servants . 

1,740 

429 

285 

147 

337 

260 

2:48 

44 

Shoemakers . . 

1,102 

88 

153 

106 

248 

273 

201 

33 

Tailors . . . 

661 

30 

151 

85 

192 

115 

79 

9 

Teachers . . . 

146 

7 

14 

41 

28 

44 

12 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  . 

8 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

Hucksters . . 

39 

3 

8 

18 

7 

3 

Laborers . 

1,385 

139 

162 

126 

231 

295 

374 

58 

Laundresses . . 

2.293 

31 

294 

283 

631 

537 

477 

40 

Merchants . 

87 

1 

8 

19 

20 

34 

5 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

22 

3 

8 

4 

7 

Printers . 

4 

3 

1 

Saleswomen . 

Seamstresses . 

1,739 

120 

581 

327 

400 

231 

73 

r* 

i 

Servants . 

2.269 

411 

308 

159 

343 

386 

560 

102 

Shoemakers . 

6 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Teachers . 

215 

1 

39 

53 

53 

34 

32 

3 

OCCUPATIONS 


485 


Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenship. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

Suspenso. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known. 

MALES. 

Apprentices . 

1,730 

1,325 

32 

328 

35 

Bakers . 

1.495 

834 

.  54 

559 

48 

Barbers . . . . - . .. 

1.239 

898 

45 

261 

35 

Blacksmiths . . . 

728 

459 

18 

215 

36 

Carpenters  . 

4,754 

3, 131 

108 

1,253 

262 

Clerks  and  copyists _ 

920 

656 

14 

154 

96 

Draymen  and  liackmen - - - 

3,584 

1 , 566 

182 

1.597 

239 

Fishermen  . . . . 

529 

386 

3 

129 

11 

Harness  makers . . -  -  -  . 

415 

328 

10 

66 

11 

Hucksters - -  - 

683 

303 

13 

221 

146 

Laborers . .  . . - . 

62, 961 

47, 168 

809 

11,971 

3,013 

Launderers _ — . . . — 

780 

152 

66 

392 

170 

Lawyers . — 

898 

763 

6 

68 

61 

Masons .  . . 

2,937 

2,338 

67 

4.‘43 

99 

Mechanics . . . . 

2,009 

1,434 

23 

395 

157 

Merchants - - - 

20,594 

6.174 

1,663 

11,160 

1,597 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . -  — 

15,390 

12, 008 

203 

2.697 

482 

Painters _ _ _ 

1,057 

719 

27 

201 

110 

Physicians - - - - 

655 

532 

5 

47 

71 

Policemen  and  watchmen  . . 

1,888 

1,408 

21 

395 

64 

Printers _ _ _ _ 

915 

619 

28 

238 

30 

Sailors  and  boatmen _ _  _ 

1,865 

383 

48 

1,334 

100 

Salesmen - - - - 

10, 149 

1,742 

1.064 

6, 965 

378 

Servants . . - - -  - . 

9,476 

5,718 

349 

2,382 

1.027 

Shoemakers _ _ _ _ 

1,480 

960 

56 

422 

42 

Tailors _ _ _  _ _ 

1.600 

937 

97 

505 

61 

Teachers . . . 

496 

330 

9 

117 

40 

FEMALES. 

Bakers .  ....  . . 

4 

3 

1 

Hucksters .  . . . 

11 

5 

6 

Laborers _ _ _ _ _ 

671 

577 

1 

52 

41 

Laundresses . . . 

7,773 

7.198 

8 

282 

285 

Merchants _ _ _ 

177 

58 

8 

52 

59 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

1,257 

1.097 

5 

142 

13 

Printers . . . .  ..  _ _ 

3 

3 

Saleswomen . . . . 

28 

8 

1 

15 

4 

Seamstresses _ _ 

3,239 

3, 006 

13 

164 

56 

Servants . . . 

9.723 

8.539 

80 

807 

297 

Shoemakers . 

7 

6 

1 

Teachers _ _ _ 

646 

441 

10 

107 

88 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

1,424 

1,056 

28 

307 

/ 

,33 

Bakers . . .  . 

895 

421 

42 

393 

39 

Barbers. _ _  _ 

927 

650 

40 

207 

30 

Blacksmiths . . . . . . . 

539 

324 

18 

168 

29 

Carpenters . . 

3, 195 

1,951 

93 

957 

194 

Clerks  and  copyists . . . . . 

730 

504 

13 

127 

86 

Draymen  and  hackmen . . . 

3. 100 

1.284 

179 

1.502 

135 

Fishermen .  _ _ _ _ 

63 

36 

1 

26 

Harness  makers . . . . . 

346 

268 

9 

59 

10 

Hucksters  . . . .. . 

494 

225 

10 

186 

73 

Laborers . . . 

16,282 

8.606 

673 

5.234 

1,769 

Launderers _ _ _ 

632 

96 

63 

346 

127 

Lawyers _ _ 

749 

627 

5 

64 

53 

Masons  . . 

2,279 

1.775 

62 

363 

79 

Mechanics . . . 

1. 574 

1,107 

21 

331 

115 

Merchants.. . . . . . 

15.040 

3,870 

1. 356 

8, 551 

1,263 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

11.312 

8,296 

1843 

2,408 

425 

Painters  ...  .  . . . 

936 

635 

24 

177 

100 

Phvsieiar.s _  _ _ 

496 

388 

3 

40 

65 

Policemen  and  watchmen _ _ 

1,152 

742 

21 

334 

55 

Printers . . . . . . 

843 

563 

28 

228 

24 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . 

1.046 

87 

39 

859 

61 

Salesmen . . . 

9,326 

1.403 

1,031 

6,548 

344 

Servants . 

7, 473 

4,224 

333 

2,095 

821 

Shoemakers . . .  . 

967 

552 

52 

328 

35 

Tailors . . . 

1.337 

746 

87 

455 

49 

Teachers  . 

■337 

219 

7 

78 

33 

486  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex  and  citizenship — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA — Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

Suspenso. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known. 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . 

Hucksters . . 

8 

3 

5 

Laborers  . 

228 

180 

i 

26 

21 

Laundresses . 

5,615 

5,128 

8 

245 

234 

Merchants . . . 

131 

40 

r* 

i 

44 

40 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

816 

692 

5 

110 

9 

Printers . . . . . 

3 

3 

Saleswomen  _  _  _  . 

25 

7 

1 

13 

4 

Seamstresses . 

2,528 

2,334 

13 

136 

45 

Servants . . 

7,552 

6.509 

74 

724 

245 

Shoemakers _ _ _ _ 

5 

4 

1 

Teachers  . 

487 

314 

10 

83 

80 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


MALES. 


Apprentices . 

Bakers . 

Barbers . 

Blacksmiths . 

Carpenters  . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 

Fishermen . 

Harness  makers . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . - . . 

Launderers . 

Lawyers . 

Masons . 

Mechanics . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters . 

Physicians . 

Policemen  and  watchmen  . 

Printers . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . 

Servants . . 

Shoemakers . 

Tailors . . 

Teachers . 


FEMALES. 


Bakers . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . 

Laundresses . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Printers . . . 

Saleswomen . . 

Seamstresses . 

Servants.  ...i . 

Shoemakers . 

Teachers  . 


19 

18 

i 

585 

408 

24 

100 

53 

347 

265 

8 

30 

44 

358 

253 

11 

59 

35 

2,111 

1.730 

45 

190 

146 

306 

234 

4 

48 

20 

482 

335 

3 

67 

77 

242 

166 

4 

36 

36 

144 

120 

6 

10 

8 

193 

94 

4 

21 

74 

48.364 

37,148 

315 

2.007 

8,894 

92 

67 

4 

11 

10 

144 

125 

11 

8 

1,015 

840 

12 

52 

111 

1,067 

829 

27 

104 

107 

6,950 

2,615 

519 

2.529 

1,287 

1.030 

908 

4 

23 

95 

143 

118 

1 

15 

9 

129 

98 

1 

17 

13 

611 

502 

4 

71 

34 

117 

96 

. 

14 

7 

472 

166 

26 

169 

111 

405 

173 

17 

156 

59 

1,968 

1,284 

17 

136 

531 

814 

640 

10 

49 

115 

342 

245 

12 

60 

25 

165 

115 

1 

34 

15 

2 

2 

22 

8 

14 

4,331 

3,787 

3 

541 

4.172 

4.004 

2 

14 

152 

42 

23 

2 

4 

13 

93 

86 

6 

1 

7 

5 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1.099 

1,058 

4 

15 

22 

3.284 

3, 129 

5 

17 

133 

7 

218 

166 

4 

31 

17 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

Bakers . . 

Barbers . ... 

Blacksmiths . 

Carpenters . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  hackmen. 

Fishermen  . 

Harness  makers . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . 


59 

57 

2 

358 

268 

10 

78 

»> 

M 

115 

90 

2 

99 

1 

89 

60 

4 

20 

5 

724 

515 

17 

144 

8 

55 

42 

10 

3 

292 

250 

2 

39 

1 

246 

198 

1 

42 

5 

88 

75 

*) 

8 

3 

129 

81 

1 

15 

32 

53,501 

44, 740 

378 

7,049 

1,384 

OCCUPATIONS 


487 


Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations .  by  sex  and  citizenship — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO-Continueu. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

Suspenso. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known. 

males—  continued . 

Launderers . . . . . 

51 

,34 

11 

6 

Lawyers  . . . 

61 

57 

3 

1 

Masons  . . . . . . - . 

273 

239 

i 

21 

12 

Mechanics . . . . 

74 

53 

1 

13 

7 

Merchants . . . 

2,828 

973 

265 

1.385 

205 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ _ 

820 

734 

8 

49 

29 

Painters . . . . . 

22 

18 

4 

Physicians  . . . 

82 

69 

11 

2 

Policemen  and  watchmen .  . 

265 

244 

20 

1 

Printers . . 

24 

16 

4 

3 

1 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . ... 

152 

89 

1 

58 

4 

Salesmen . . . . 

740 

335 

35 

322 

48 

Servants . . 

1,423 

1,151 

12 

156 

104 

Shoemakers . . . . 

436 

342 

6 

85 

3 

Tailors . . . . . . 

120 

76 

8 

32 

4 

Teachers  .  .  .  . . . 

71 

40 

30 

1 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . . . . 

3 

3 

Hucksters  . 

3 

3 

Laborers . 

515 

457 

31 

27 

Laundresses . . 

1,193 

1,176 

1 

13 

3 

Merchants  .  . 

26 

4 

22 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  . 

69 

60 

i 

7 

1 

Printers . . . . . 

Saleswomen . . 

1 

1 

Seamstresses . 

232 

221 

3 

8 

Servants . . . . . 

1,762 

1,731 

22 

9 

Shoemakers . . . . 

5 

3 

2 

Teachers .  . - . 

35 

25 

7 

3 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


MALES. 

Apprentices _ 

14 

13 

1 

Bakers - - - - 

339 

302 

5 

28 

4 

Barbers . . 

192 

177 

4 

11 

Blacksmiths . . 

112 

85 

4 

20 

3 

Carpenters . . 

651 

556 

11 

71 

13 

Clerks  and  copyists  . . . 

204 

155 

6 

27 

16 

Draymen  and  hackmen . . 

211 

110 

9 

38 

54 

Fishermen.. . . . 

147 

131 

5 

9 

2 

Harness  makers _ _ _ 

109 

100 

7 

2 

Hucksters . . . . 

60 

39 

2 

7 

12 

Laborers . . 

19,211 

16, 163 

412 

1,660 

976 

Launderers . . . . .  . 

24 

22 

1 

1 

Lawyers . . . 

37 

30 

i 

4 

2 

Masons . . . . . 

269 

228 

5 

32 

4 

Mechanics . . 

131 

102 

1 

18 

10 

Merchants . . . . 

1,849 

1,059 

58 

665 

67 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ 

237 

224 

1 

6 

6 

Painters .  . . . . 

40 

31 

7 

2 

Physicians . . . . 

46 

28 

1 

4 

13 

Policemen  and  watchmen _ 

446 

386 

2 

31 

27 

Printers . . 

62 

58 

1 

3 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

381 

296 

9 

52 

24 

Salesmen . . . . . 

147 

69 

12 

62 

4 

Servants . . . 

553 

364 

10 

115 

64 

Shoemakers  . . . . . . . 

593 

545 

4 

42 

2 

Tailors . . . . . 

130 

111 

1 

17 

1 

Teachers . . . 

59 

45 

2 

11 

1 

FEMALES. 

Bakers _ _ _ 

1 

1 

Hucksters . . . . . 

19 

17 

2 

Laborers . . . . . . . . 

97 

80 

2 

6 

9 

Laundresses . . . 

1,689 

1,616 

8 

26 

39 

Merchants . . . . 

26 

23 

1 

2 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

1 

1 

Printers . . . 

4 

4 

Saleswomen . . . 

Seamstresses . . . 

&59 

633 

3 

19 

4 

Servants . . . 

1.827 

1,710 

22 

46 

49 

Shoemakers  ..  . . . . 

1 

1 

Teachers . . . 

63 

52 

1 

7 

3 

488 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  citizenship — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

Suspenso. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known. 

MALES. 

Apprentices . 

355 

318 

3 

27 

7 

Bakers . 

1,108 

823 

26 

216 

43 

Barbers . 

824 

699 

11 

65 

49 

Blacksmiths . . 

563 

386 

13 

134 

30 

Carpenters . . . 

3,180 

2,483 

55 

455 

187 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

489 

378 

9 

68 

34 

Draymen  and  hackmen . 

497 

331 

10 

113 

43 

Fishermen. . . . 

716 

497 

6 

180 

33 

Harness  makers .  . 

344 

326 

1 

15 

2 

Hucksters . . . 

289 

148 

2 

38 

101 

Laborers . . . 

94. 622 

76.034 

330 

6,575 

11,683 

Launderers . 

172 

98 

3 

50 

21 

Lawyers . . 

153 

129 

2 

13 

11 

Masons . 

1,185 

990 

7 

122 

66 

Mechanics . 

1.037 

768 

9 

L57 

103 

Merchants . 

8,430 

3,314 

768 

3.223 

1,125 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ 

2,460 

2,222 

13 

88 

137 

Painters  . . 

196 

157 

4 

26 

9 

Physicians. . . . . 

186 

138 

5 

18 

25 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

1,183 

957 

14 

154 

58 

Printers  . . .  . . . 

210 

187 

4 

14 

5 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1.091 

578 

11 

365 

137 

Salesmen . . 

2,092 

771 

184 

915 

222 

Servants . . . . . 

3,497 

2,038 

43 

461 

955 

Shoemakers . . . 

1, 855 

1.608 

18 

130 

99 

Tailors. . 

628 

519 

15 

80 

14 

Teachers. . 

269 

187 

3 

60 

19 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . 

Hucksters .  . 

21 

17 

4 

Laborers . 

1.861 

1,807 

2 

14 

38 

Laundresses . 

3.860 

3.802 

22 

36 

Merchants . 

56 

19 

2 

7 

28 

Operatives,  cigar  factories .  . 

138 

136 

1 

1 

Printers . . 

Saleswomen . . . . . 

6 

5 

1 

Seamstresses . . . . 

1.361 

1,302 

28 

31 

Servants . 

3.942 

3. 829 

5 

37 

71 

Shoemakers . 

14 

14 

Teachers . 

325 

258 

3 

36 

28 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

376 

352 

12 

12 

Bakers . . . 

1.541 

1,406 

16 

95 

24 

Barbers . . . 

632 

558 

8 

56 

10 

Blacksmiths . . . . . . 

478 

368 

11 

63 

37 

Carpenters . 

2, 784 

2.477 

20 

158 

129 

Clerks  and  copyists . . . . 

274 

208 

42 

24 

Dravmen  andTiackmen. . . . 

ZVi 

170 

16 

55 

56 

Fishermen . . . . . 

382 

350 

4 

24 

4 

Harness  makers . . . 

297 

272 

8 

17 

Hucksters . 

173 

136 

3 

15 

19 

Laborers . . . . . 

71,858 

65. 170 

495 

4.694 

1.499 

Launderers . . . . . 

119 

93 

4 

9 

13 

Lawyers . . . 

113 

104 

1 

8 

Masons  .  . . . 

878 

780 

14 

60 

24 

Mechanics . 

a>4 

241 

2 

47 

6*4 

Merchants . . 

6,200 

3,520 

362 

1.906 

412 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . . 

2.652 

2.587 

3 

21 

41 

Painters . . . 

73 

54 

1 

6 

12 

Physicians . 

125 

72 

2 

8 

43 

Policemen  and  watchmen  . . 

431 

368 

3 

51 

9 

Printers . . . 

153 

137 

9 

r» 

4 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

859 

518 

18 

243 

80 

Salesmen . . . . 

1.000 

543 

43 

393 

21 

Servants .  . 

1.740 

1,253 

42 

317 

128 

Shoemakers . 

1,102 

961 

20 

98 

23 

Tailors . . 

661 

588 

8 

35 

30 

Teachers . 

146 

109 

31 

6 

OCCUPATIONS 


489 


Table  XXXV. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex  and  citizenship — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Cuban. 

Spanish. 

Suspenso. 

Other 
and  un¬ 
known. 

FEMALES. 

Ra.Vfirs  _  _ . . . 

8 

7 

1 

Hucksters  _ _ 

39 

35 

4 

Laborers  . 

1,385 

2,293 

87 

1,352 

2,197 

60 

2 

18 

13 

Laundresses . - . - . 

5 

20 

71 

Merchants . 

1 

6 

20 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ _ 

22 

21 

1 

Printers  . . . . . 

4 

2 

2 

Saleswomen  . . . . . 

Seamstresses  . . . . . 

1,739 

2,269 

6 

1,644 
2, 146 

6 

13 

37 

45 

Servants  - . . 

4 

37 

82 

Shoemakers  _ _ _ 

Teachers  _  . . . . . . 

215 

194 

1 

14 

. . 

6 

Table  XXXVI. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but 

can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

MALES. 

Apprentices . .  . . 

1,720 

450 

141 

1,129 

2 

1,718 

Bakers . 

1,495 

472 

46 

977 

3 

1,492 

Barbers  . . 

1,239 

91 

26 

1,122 

14 

1,225 

Blacksmiths . 

728 

123 

20 

5&5 

3 

725 

Carpenters . 

4,754 

754 

111 

3,889 

36 

4,709 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

920 

920 

157 

763 

Draymen  and*hackmen . 

3,584 

1,130 

148 

2,306 

10 

3,574 

Fishermen . . . 

529 

322 

13 

194 

1 

528 

Harness  makers . 

415 

62 

11 

342 

2 

413 

Hucksters . . . 

683 

312 

17 

354 

6 

677 

Laborers . ; . 

62,961 

40,207 

1,202 

21,552 

873 

62,088 

Launderers . 

780 

196 

8 

576 

4 

776 

Lawyers  . . 

898 

898 

817 

81 

Masons . . . . 

2,937 

1,213 

139 

1,585 

11 

2,926 

Mechanics. . 

2,009 

98 

11 

1.900 

111 

1,898 

Merchants . 

20,594 

1,117 

120 

19,357 

1.379 

19,215 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

15,390 

2,685 

499 

12,206 

62 

15,328 

Painters . . 

1,057 

129 

22 

906 

22 

1,035 

Physicians . 

655 

655 

608 

47 

Pol'icemen  and  watchmen . 

1,888 

290 

20 

1,578 

112 

1,776 

Printers . . . 

915 

1 

914 

45 

870 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1,865 

752 

35 

1,078 

43 

1,822 

Salesmen . . 

10, 149 

773 

93 

9,283 

159 

9,990 

Servants . . 

9,476 

4,053 

563 

4,860 

17 

9,459 

Shoemakers . . . . 

1,480 

419 

59 

1,002 

4 

1.476 

Tailors . 

1,600 

84 

32 

1,484 

16 

1.584 

Teachers . 

496 

496 

328 

168 

FEMALES. 

Bakers. . . 

4 

2 

2 

4 

Hucksters . . 

11 

6 

1 

4 

11 

Laborers . . . . . . 

671 

471 

13 

187 

9 

662 

Laundresses . . . 

7,773 

5,915 

469 

1,389 

2 

7,771 

Merchants . . 

177 

57 

7 

113 

15 

162 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

1,257 

475 

130 

652 

2 

1,255 

Printers . . . 

3 

3 

1 

2 

Saleswomen. . . 

28 

1 

27 

1 

27 

Seamstresses- . 

3,239 

792 

236 

2,211 

9 

3,230 

Servants  . 

9,723 

5,701 

1,000 

3,022 

7 

9,716 

Shoemakers . . . 

7 

3 

4 

7 

Teachers  . 

646 

646 

431 

215 

490 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXXVI. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education — 

Continued. 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but 

can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

MALES. 

Apprentices . 

1,424 

328 

116 

985 

*> 

1.422 

Bakers  . . . .  - . 

895 

272 

22 

601 

893 

Barbers  . .  . . . . 

927 

48 

21 

858 

9 

918 

Blacksmiths . . . 

539 

82 

18 

439 

3 

536 

Carpenters . . 

3, 195 

417 

77 

2,701 

30 

3, 165 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

730 

730 

120 

610 

Draymen  and  hackmen . .  . 

3, 100 

929 

138 

2, 033 

8 

3,092 

Fishermen . . . . 

63 

25 

1 

37 

1 

62 

Harnessmakers . . . . 

346 

50 

10 

286 

l 

345 

Hucksters . - . . . 

494 

196 

14 

284 

6 

488 

Laborers . . . 

16,282 

6, 500 

501 

9,281 

620 

15, 662 

Launderers . . . . . . . 

632 

141 

6 

485 

4 

628 

Lawyers . - . - . - . . 

749 

749 

698 

51 

Masons . . 

2,279 

895 

111 

1,273 

11 

2,268 

Mechanics . . . 

1,574 

62 

10 

1,502 

76 

1,498 

Merchants . . 

15,040 

675 

82 

14,283 

1,074 

13, 966 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. .. . 

11.312 

1,768 

382 

9.162 

45 

11,267 

Painters . . . 

936 

110 

21 

805 

20 

916 

Physicians . 

496 

496 

466 

30 

Policemen  and  watchmen - 

1.152 

46 

5 

1,101 

86 

1,066 

Printers  _ _  .  _ _ _ _ 

843 

843 

43 

800 

Sailors  and  boatmen - - - 

1. 046 

355 

17 

674 

32 

1,014 

Salesmen . . . 

9.326 

652 

83 

8,591 

154 

9.172 

Servants . . . . . 

7, 473 

2,900 

472 

4, 101 

10 

7,463 

Shoemakers . . . 

967 

267 

44 

656 

2 

965 

Tailors . . . 

1,337 

64 

29 

1.244 

14 

1,323 

Teachers  . . . . . 

337 

337 

231 

106 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . 

Hucksters _ _ _ 

8 

3 

1 

4 

8 

Laborers . . . - . 

228 

112 

7 

109 

9 

219 

Laundresses . . . . . 

5,615 

4, 166 

391 

1,058 

2 

5,613 

Merchants .  . . . 

131 

38 

6 

87 

11 

120 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . . 

816 

250 

72 

494 

M 

814 

Printers . . .  . 

3 

3 

1 

O 

Saleswomen . . . . 

25 

1 

24 

1 

24 

Seamstresses . 

2.528 

552 

189 

1.787 

9 

2,519 

Servants . . - .  -  .  -  - 

7,552 

4.099 

843 

2,610 

6 

7,546 

Shoemakers . . . . . . 

5 

2 

3 

5 

Teachers  . 

4S7 

487 

341 

146 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

19 

4 

4 

11 

19 

Bakers  .  . . 

585 

204 

26 

355 

585 

Barbers  . 

347 

65 

11 

271 

5 

342 

Blacksmiths . . 

358 

68 

11 

279 

3 

355 

Carpenters . . . . . 

2,111 

572 

68 

1.471 

8 

2, 103 

Clerks  and  copyists . . . 

306 

306 

61 

245 

Draymen  and  tiaekmen  .. . 

482 

230 

19 

233 

482 

Fishermen . . .  _ . . . 

242 

168 

4 

70 

242 

Harness  makers  . . . . . . . 

144 

28 

6 

110 

3 

141 

Hucksters . _. . 

193 

97 

4 

92 

2 

191 

Laborers . 

48. 364 

38,095 

747 

9.522 

309 

48, 055 

Launderers . _ . _ . 

92 

28 

64 

1 

91 

Lawyers . . . 

144 

144 

132 

12 

Masons . 

1.015 

470 

37 

508 

3 

1.012 

Mechanics . 

1.067 

180 

18 

869 

34 

1,033 

Merchants . . . . 

6,950 

1.094 

72 

5, 784 

397 

6, 553 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

1,030 

3)4 

42 

684 

6 

1,024 

Painters... . . . . . 

143 

30 

5 

K)8 

5 

13-i 

Physicians . . . 

129 

. 

129 

127 

2 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

611 

168 

9 

434 

23 

588 

Printers . . 

117 

117 

10 

107 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

472 

218 

16 

2:18 

4 

468 

Salesmen . 

405 

67 

i 

311 

12 

393 

Servants  . 

1 . 968 

1.265 

77~ 

626 

3 

1 , 965 

Shoemakers . 

814 

307 

45 

462 

1 

813 

Tailors . 

342 

6 

303 

1 

341 

Teachers . 

165 

165 

114 

51 

OCCUPATIONS 


491 


Table  XXXVI.- — Selected  occupations,  by  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education — 

Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  M  AT  ANZ  AS— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but 

can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . . . . 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Hucksters  _ _ _ 

22 

21 

1 

22 

Laborers  . . . - _ _ 

4,331 
4, 172 
42 

4,220 

3,364 

30 

21 

90 

9 

4,329 

4,171 

41 

Laundresses _ _ _ 

196 

612 

1 

Merchants  . . . 

1 

11 

1 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

93 

27 

8 

58 

1 

92 

Printers  . . . . . 

7 

7 

1 

6 

Saleswomen  . . . . . 

1 

1 

1 

Seamstresses  . . . . .  . 

1,099 

3.284 

7 

251 

75 

773 

2 

1,097 

3,283 

7 

Servants _ _ _ _ _ 

2,282 

1 

275 

727 

1 

Shoemakers  .  ...  _  .  . 

6 

Teachers . - . 

218 

218 

125 

93 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


MALES. 


Apprentices . . . 

Bakers _ _ _ 

59 

358 

Barbers  .. . . 

115 

Blacksmiths _ _ _ _ 

89 

Carpenters . . . 

724 

Clerks  and  copyists .  . . . 

55 

Draymen  and  hackmen . . 

292 

Fishermen  . . . 

Harness  makers . . 

246 

88 

Hucksters . . . 

Laborers . . . 

129 

53,501 

51 

Launderers  . . . . . 

Lawyers . _ . . 

61 

Masons . . . . . . 

273 

Mechanics . 

74 

Merchants _ _ _ _ _ 

2,828 

820 

22 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ _ 

Painters  - _ _ _ _ 

Physicians . . 

82 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

265 

Printers . . . 

24 

Sailors  and  boatmen . _ . 

152 

Salesmen _ _ - . 

Servants  _ _ _ 

740 

1,423 

436 

Shoemakers . - . _ . 

Tailors  . _ _ _ . . 

120 

Teachers . . . . . . . 

71 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  . . . . . 

3 

Hucksters . . . 

Laborers . . 

3 

515 

Laundresses  . . .  .. 

1 . 193 

Merchants .  . . . 

26 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Printers.  . . . 

69 

Saleswomen  . . . . . 

1 

Seamstresses  . . . 

232 

Servants  . 

1.762 

5 

Shoemakers . 

Teachers . . . 

35 

32 

3 

24 

59 

143 

8 

207 

358 

19 

2 

94 

115 

26 

1 

62 

89 

232 

14 

478 

1 

723 

55 

i 

48 

233 

2 

57 

292 

195 

1 

50 

1 

245 

14 

3 

71 

1 

87 

87 

1 

41 

1 

128 

43,608 

413 

9,480 

119 

53,382 

20 

3 

28 

51 

61 

52 

9 

157 

3 

113 

273 

7 

67 

2 

72 

284 

19 

2,525 

1.24 

2,704 

270 

21 

529 

3 

817 

5 

17 

1 

21 

82 

81 

1 

112 

1 

152 

7 

258 

24 

2 

22 

95 

3 

54 

152 

140 

10 

590 

12 

728 

1,075 

23 

325 

3 

1,420 

162 

14 

260 

2 

434 

10 

3 

107 

120 

71 

35 

36 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

2 

513 

1.048 

31 

114 

1.193 

21 

5 

26 

24 

4 

41 

69 

1 

1 

89 

10 

133 

232 

1.550 

47 

165 

1,762 

2 

3 

5 

35 

99 

13 

492 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXXVI. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education — 

Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
b\it 

can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

Without 

superior 

educa¬ 

tion. 

'Pales. 

Apprentices. . . . 

14 

2 

1 

11 

14 

Bakers  _. . . . 

339 

77 

16 

246 

3 

336 

Barbel’s . . 

192 

6 

5 

181 

2 

190 

Blacksmiths . 

112 

24 

8 

80 

1 

111 

Carpenters . 

651 

111 

26 

514 

5 

646 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

204 

204 

84 

120 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . 

211 

65 

7 

139 

17 

194 

Fishermen . . 

147 

99 

48 

147 

Harness  makers . . . 

109 

7 

3 

99 

5 

104 

Hucksters . . _ . . . 

60 

26 

5 

29 

60 

Laborers . . 

19,211 

12,994 

429 

5,788 

88 

19,123 

Launderers  . . . . 

24 

11 

1 

12 

Zi 

Lawyers . . . . 

37 

37 

36 

1 

Masons . . . 

269 

68 

17 

184 

2 

267 

Mechanics . . . . . 

131 

4 

1 

126 

18 

113 

Merchants . . . . . 

1.849 

128 

18 

1,703 

278 

1,571 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

237 

52 

7 

178 

3 

234 

Painters . 

40 

2 

2 

36 

3 

37 

Physicians  . . . 

46 

46 

43 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

446 

47 

4 

395 

56 

290 

Printers _  ..  .  .  _ 

62 

62 

5 

57 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

381 

201 

12 

168 

3 

378 

Salesmen . 

147 

10 

2 

135 

14 

133 

Servants . . . . . . 

553 

280 

41 

232 

5 

548 

Shoemakers . 

593 

113 

26 

454 

593 

Tailors . 

130 

2 

4 

124 

5 

125 

Teachers . 

59 

59 

53 

6 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . . . . 

1 

1 

1 

Hucksters .  - . 

19 

14 

1 

4 

19 

Laborers . . . 

97 

71 

3 

23 

1 

96 

Laundresses  . . . . . 

1.689 

1.021 

108 

560 

1,689 

Merchants . . 

26 

12 

3 

11 

26 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . . 

1 

1 

1 

Printers  . . . . . 

4 

4 

2 

2 

Saleswomen  _ _ _ 

Seamstresses.  _ _ _ _ _ 

659 

191 

31 

437 

659 

Servants . . . 

1.827 

1.097 

152 

578 

1 

1,826 

Shoemakers  . . . . . . 

1 

1 

1 

Teachers _ _ _ _ 

63 

63 

47 

16 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . - . . . 

355 

86 

28 

241 

355 

Bakers . . . 

1,108 

337 

40 

731 

3 

1.105 

Barbers  . . .  . 

824 

122 

15 

687 

1 

823 

Blacksmiths. . . . 

563 

132 

24 

407 

2 

561 

Carpenters . . 

3,180 

702 

62 

2,416 

13 

3.167 

Clerks  and  copyists. . . 

489 

489 

50 

439 

Draymen  and* hackmen . 

497 

271 

16 

210 

1 

496 

Fishermen . 

716 

491 

14 

211 

1 

715 

Harness  makers . 

:144 

39 

10 

295 

314 

Hucksters . . . 

289 

140 

142 

289 

Laborers . 

94. 622 

72. 710 

1.326 

20.586 

250 

94.372 

Launderers . . . 

172 

51 

3 

118 

1 

171 

Lawyers.. . . . . . . 

153 

153 

137 

16 

Masons . 

1.185 

426 

49 

710 

3 

1,182 

Mechanics . 

1,037 

104 

15 

918 

12 

1.025 

Merchants . . 

8.430 

954 

68 

7.408 

272 

8. 158 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  . 

2.460 

643 

97 

1.720 

4 

2, 456 

Painters . 

196 

34 

4 

1.58 

2 

194 

Physicians . 

186 

186 

179 

7 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

1.183 

320 

16 

847 

19 

1,164 

Printers . . . 

210 

210 

3 

207 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

1,091 

542 

32 

517 

9 

1,082 

Salesmen  . 

2. 092 

291 

29 

1,772 

12 

2.080 

Servants . — 

3. 497 

2,215 

138 

1.144 

9 

3.488 

Shoemakers . . . 

1 . 855 

493 

116 

1.246 

1 

1.8.54 

Tailors . 

628 

46 

17 

565 

1 

627 

Teachers . 

269 

. 

. 

269 

124 

145 

OCCUPATIONS 


493 


Table  XXXVI. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education — 

Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but 

can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With  Without 
superior  superior 
educa-  educa¬ 
tion.  tion. 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . . 

Hucksters . . . . 

21 

19 

2 

. .  21 

Laborers . . . . . . . 

1.861 

1,696 

26 

139 

1  1,857 

Laundresses  .  .  . . . 

3. 860 

2,870 

225 

765 

_  3. 860 

Merchants . 

56 

30 

1 

25 

2  51 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  .. . 

138 

59 

10 

69 

.  138 

Printers  . . 

_ _ _ 

Saleswomen  . . . . . 

6 

2 

2 

2 

. .  6 

Seamstresses . 

1,361 

386 

78 

897 

1  1.360 

Servants  . 

3.912 

2,725 

351 

863 

1  3,911 

Shoemakers . . 

11 

1 

2 

8 

. . .  11 

Teachers . 

325 

325 

126  199 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . . . . 

376 

151 

23 

202 

3 

373 

Bakers . . . . 

1,541 

711 

19 

778 

1 

1.537 

Barbers  . . . . . . 

632 

38 

7 

587 

5 

627 

Blacksmiths . . . . 

178 

110 

9 

359 

9 

469 

Carpenters . . . . . 

2,  781 

620 

82 

2,082 

15 

2,769 

Clerks  and  copyists _ _ _ _ 

271 

271 

67 

207 

Draymen  and  hackmen _ _ 

297 

164 

6 

127 

297 

Fishermen  . . . . . 

382 

291 

3 

88 

382 

Harness  makers . . . 

297 

26 

3 

268 

2 

295 

Hucksters . . . . . . 

173 

70 

3 

100 

173 

Laborers . . . . . 

71,858 

57, 430 

716 

13, 712 

499 

71,359 

Launder  ers . . 

119 

20 

1 

105 

119 

Lawyers . . 

113 

113 

99 

11 

Masons . . 

878 

276 

37 

565 

8 

870 

Mechanics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

351 

22 

2 

330 

35 

319 

Merchants . . . 

6,200 

485 

.33 

5, 682 

662 

5,538 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. . 

2,652 

721 

92 

1,839 

15 

2,637 

Painters  . . . . . 

73 

11 

62 

3 

70 

Physicians . . . . 

125 

125 

122 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen . . . 

131 

82 

4 

315 

13 

118 

Printers . . 

153 

1 

152 

16 

137 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . 

859 

446 

18 

395 

21 

838 

Salesmen . . 

1,000 

73 

10 

917 

30 

970 

Servants . . 

1.710 

1,056 

67 

617 

5 

1, 735 

Shoemakers . . 

1,102 

390 

51 

661 

3 

1.099 

Tailors . . . 

661 

39 

6 

616 

14 

617 

Teachers  . . . . 

116 

146 

108 

38 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  . 

8 

1 

2 

5 

8 

Hucksters . . . 

39 

29 

1 

9 

1 

38 

Laborers . 

1,385 

1,291 

1 

87 

6 

1,379 

Laundresses . . 

2,293 

1,610 

94 

559 

1 

2,292 

Merchants . . . . . 

87 

50 

5 

32 

1 

86 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. . 

22 

1 

2 

16 

22 

Printers .  . . . 

1 

4 

4 

Saleswomen . . 

Seamstresses . . . 

1,739 

312 

52 

1,375 

33 

1,706 

Servants  . . . . 

2,269 

1,326 

119 

521 

1 

2,268 

Shoemakers . . .  . 

6 

3 

3 

6 

Teachers . . . 

215 

215 

108 

107 

494  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XXXVII. — Selected  occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Occupation. 


MALES. 


Apprentices . 

Bakers  . 

Barbers  . 

Blacksmiths . 

Carpenters . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  hackmen.... 

Fishermen . 

Harness  makers . 

Hucksters. . 

Laborers . 

Launderers . 

Lawyers . 

Masons . 

Mechanics- . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters . 

Physicians . 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

Printers. . . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . . 

Servants . 

Shoemakers . 

Tailors . 

Teachers . 


FEMALES. 


Bakers . . . 

Hucksters . . 

Laborers . 

Laundresses . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories. 

Printers . 

Saleswomen . 

Seamstresses . 

Servants . . . 

Shoemakers . 

Teachers . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

1.720 

1,715 

1 

1 

3 

1,495 

1,126 

197 

139 

32 

1 

1,239 

739 

304 

158 

38 

728 

412 

199 

91 

26 

4,754 

2,386 

1,428 

652 

288 

920 

454 

366 

52 

48 

3,584 

2,003 

852 

624 

104 

1 

529 

304 

156 

40 

28 

I 

415 

225 

105 

63 

22 

683 

447 

130 

89 

17 

62, 961 

39,210 

14,9.53 

5,208 

3,565 

25 

780 

548 

136 

85 

11 

898 

277 

546 

22 

53 

2,937 

1,498 

571 

776 

92 

2,009 

1,068 

675 

162 

104 

20, 594 

11,857 

6, 838 

1,063 

835 

1 

15, 390 

8,900 

3, 711 

2,145 

630 

4 

1,057 

584 

246 

173 

53 

1 

655 

162 

448 

10 

35 

1,888 

1,267 

455 

101 

64 

1 

915 

608 

229 

50 

28 

1,865 

1,026 

723 

52 

62 

2 

10, 149 

9,227 

665 

154 

98 

5 

9,476 

7,308 

938 

1,010 

215 

5 

1,480 

798 

362 

221 

99 

1,600 

900 

422 

206 

72 

496 

188 

232 

17 

59 

4 

4 

11 

5 

4 

1 

1 

671 

446 

59 

105 

61 

7, 773 

4,979 

379 

1,796 

618 

1 

177 

91 

45 

11 

30 

1,257 

917 

111 

57 

172 

3 

2 

1 

28 

22 

1 

2 

3 

3,239 

2,348 

214 

376 

301 

9,723 

7,854 

373 

591 

901 

4 

7 

4 

1 

2 

646 

414 

120 

6 

104 

2 

CITY  OF  HABANA. 


MALES. 


Apprentices . . . 

Bakers . . . 

Barbers . . . . 

Blacksmiths  . 

Carpenters  . 

Clerks  and  copyists . . . 

Draymen  and  hackmen . 

Fishermen . 

Harness  makers . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . . 

Launderers . . . 

Lawyers . 

Masons . 

Mechanics . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Painters . 

Physicians . 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

Printers . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . 

Servants . 


1,424 

1,421 

1 

1 

1 

895 

7U 

88 

86 

10 

927 

552 

217 

134 

24 

539 

317 

141 

70 

11 

3,195 

1,674 

888 

481 

152 

730 

369 

290 

38 

33 

3.100 

1,719 

724 

567 

89 

1 

61 

32 

14 

14 

3 

346 

193 

81 

57 

15 

494 

316 

104 

65 

9 

16,282 

9,961 

3,898 

1,819 

597 

7 

632 

445 

110 

70 

7 

749 

244 

445 

20 

40 

2,279 

1,169 

421 

631 

58 

1,574 

870 

495 

130 

79 

15, 040 

8,  770 

4,940 

779 

551 

11,312 

6, 667 

2,473 

1,768 

404 

936 

515 

212 

163 

45 

i 

496 

136 

326 

8 

26 

1,152 

696 

348 

74 

:14 

843 

564 

208 

45 

26 

1,046 

559 

431 

22 

32 

2 

9,326 

8, 451 

633 

151 

87 

4 

7,473 

5,663 

796 

851 

159 

4 

OCCUPATIONS 


495 


Table  XXXVII. — Selected  occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued. 

CITY  OF  HAB  AN  A— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by- 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

males—  continued. 

Shoemakers . 

967 

548 

212 

157 

50 

Tailors . . - . . 

1,337 

337 

742 

348 

185 

62 

Teachers . . . . . 

132 

159 

11 

35 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . . 

Hucksters  . . . ... 

8 

3 

3 

1 

1 

Laborers  . .  . . . 

228 

147 

19 

39 

23 

Laundresses . . 

5,615 

3,612 

269 

1 , 363 

370 

1 

Merchants  _  _ . - . . 

131 

75 

27 

8 

21 

Operatives,  cigar  factories - - 

816 

585 

53 

47 

131 

Printers  . . . . . 

3 

2 

1 

Saleswomen  _ _ _  _ 

25 

19 

. r 

2 

3 

Seamstresses . . . . . 

2,528 

7,552 

5 

1,809 

6,150 

4 

169 

316 

234 

Servants  . . . . - . 

Shoemakers .  . . . . . 

307 

439 

653 

1 

o 

O 

Teachers - - - 

487 

331 

77 

6 

71 

2 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . . . . . 

19 

Bakers . - . ._ 

585 

Barbers . . . . . . 

347 

Blacksmiths . . . 

358 

Carpenters _ . . _ . . . 

2,  111 
306 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  hackmen . _  . 

482 

Fishermen  .  .  . . . . 

242 

Harness  makers  . . . . 

144 

Hucksters  . . . . . 

193 

Laborers . . . . . . 

48,364 

92 

Launderers . . . 

Lawyers . .  _ . 

144 

Masons _ _ _ _ 

1,015 

1,067 

6,950 

1,030 

143 

Mechanics  . . . . . 

Merchants . . - . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  . _ _ 

Painters  _ _ _  _ 

Physicians . . . . . .  _  . 

129 

Policemen  and  watchmen . 

611 

Printers  . . . . 

117 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

472 

405 

1,968 

814 

342 

165 

Salesmen _ _ _ _  _ 

Servants  .  __ . . . 

Shoemakers . _  _ . 

Tailors _ _ 

Teachers . 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  . 

2 

Hucksters  . . 

22 
4,331 
4, 172 
42 
93 

Laborers . _ . 

Laundresses . . _  _ 

Merchants  . . . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

Printers _ _ _ 

7 

Saleswomen  . . . . 

1 

1,099 

3,284 

7 

Seamstresses .  . 

Servants . . . 

Shoemakers . . . 

Teachers  . . 

218 

19 

415 

90 

70 

10 

226 

74 

40 

7 

202 

84 

60 

12 

1,036 

624 

340 

109 

2 

176 

108 

10 

12 

243 

126 

103 

9 

1 

144 

51 

36 

10 

1 

79 

37 

23 

5 

136 

25 

30 

2 

31,416 

7,613 

7,534 

1,757 

44 

63 

9 

18 

2 

32 

99 

1 

12 

540 

196 

245 

34 

583 

293 

149 

41 

1 

4,328 

1,801 

553 

267 

1 

601 

226 

159 

44 

77 

34 

28 

4 

30 

83 

9 

7 

403 

122 

60 

25 

1 

89 

22 

4 

2 

264 

169 

21 

18 

382 

8 

5 

7 

3 

1,609 

84 

250 

24 

1 

471 

170 

130 

43 

177 

91 

61 

13 

68 

83 

2 

12 

2 

12 

3 

6 

1 

2,488 

60 

1,740 

972 

43 

2, 640 

236 

322 

2 

21 

13 

6 

2 

61 

11 

9 

12 

5 

2 

1 

761 

85 

98 

155 

2,730 

48 

326 

179 

1 

6 

1 

122 

56 

40 

496  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XXXVII. — Selected  occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued 


PROVINCE  OF  P1NAR  DEL  RIO. 


Occupation. 


MALES. 


Apprentices . 

Bakers  . 

Barbers  . 

Blacksmiths . . 

Carpenters . 

Clerks  and  copyists . 

Draymen  and  nackmen  ... 

Fishermen . 

Harness  makers . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . . 

Launderers . 

Lawyers . 

Masons . 

Mechanics . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Painters . 

Physicians . 

Policemen  and  watchmen. 

Printers . 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

Salesmen . 

Servants  . 

Shoemakers . 

Tailors . 

Teachers  . 


FEMALES. 


Bakers  . 

Hucksters . 

Laborers . 

Laundresses . 

Merchants . 

Operatives,  cigar  factories 

Printers . 

Saleswomen . 

Seamstresses . 

Servants . 

Shoemakers . 

Teachers . 


Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

59 

59 

358 

251 

66 

30 

11 

115 

68 

27 

14 

6 

89 

51 

21 

15 

2 

734 

a5i 

219 

94 

60 

00 

27 

18 

6 

4 

292 

177 

50 

51 

14 

246 

137 

00 

42 

11 

1 

88 

42 

31 

9 

6 

129 

81 

19 

20 

9 

53,501 

35, 067 

11.048 

5, 147 

2,215 

24 

51 

31 

7 

10 

3 

61 

13 

45 

2 

1 

273 

143 

55 

59 

16 

74 

42 

22 

6 

4 

2,828 

1.718 

806 

183 

121 

820 

527 

176 

90 

27 

22 

8 

8 

5 

1 

82 

19 

62 

1 

265 

202 

39 

13 

11 

24 

17 

5 

2 

152 

76 

46 

24 

6 

740 

689 

29 

8 

14 

1,423 

1,241 

78 

75 

29 

436 

268 

88 

66 

14 

120 

70 

40 

9 

1 

71 

27 

38 

1 

5 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

515 

363 

45 

54 

53 

1.193 

837 

49 

187 

119 

1 

26 

2 

21 

1 

2 

69 

55 

5 

3 

6 

. 

1 

1 

232 

171 

14 

13 

34 

1,762 

1.454 

36 

130 

142 

5 

2 

1 

2 

35 

12 

17 

6 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


MALES. 

Apprentices . 

14 

14 

Bakers . 

,339 

211 

97 

16 

15 

Barbers . . 

192 

ia5 

42 

11 

4 

Blacksmiths . . . . 

112 

59 

40 

11 

2 

Carpenters . 

651 

360 

199 

46 

46 

Clerks  and  copyists . - . . 

2(14 

194 

90 

2 

8 

Draymen  and  hackmen . 

211 

114 

76 

14 

7 

Fishermen . 

147 

88 

41 

14 

4 

Harness  makers .  . 

109 

74 

25 

5 

5 

Hucksters . 

60 

42 

13 

4 

1 

Laborers . . . 

19,211 

11,684 

5, 420 

1,325 

781 

Launderers . 

24 

10 

6 

4 

4 

Lawyers . 

37 

4 

27 

3 

3 

Masons . . . 

269 

147 

77 

26 

19 

Mechanics . . 

131 

75 

50 

5 

1 

Merchants . . 

1.849 

960 

761 

61 

67 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

237 

106 

91 

19 

21 

Painters . 

40 

22 

15 

3 

Physicians . 

46 

15 

27 

1 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen . . 

446 

271 

155 

9 

11 

Printers . 

62 

42 

18 

2 

Sailors  and  boatmen . 

381 

198 

138 

31 

14 

Salesmen . 

147 

141 

5 

1 

Servants . 

.553 

434 

67 

27 

25 

OCCUPATIONS 


497 


Table  XXXVII. — Selected  occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE-Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

males— continued. 

Shoemakers . 

593 

367 

163 

44 

19 

Tailors  . _ . 

130 

91 

31 

2 

6 

Teachers  . 

59 

16 

35 

8 

FEMALES. 

Bakers . _ . 

1 

1 

Hucksters . . 

19 

9 

3 

i 

6 

Laborers . . 

97 

62 

9 

20 

6 

Laundresses  . . 

1,689 

962 

131 

357 

239 

Merchants  .. 

26 

8 

5 

1 

12 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

1 

1 

Printers . . . 

4 

4 

Saleswomen . . . 

Seamstresses . 

659 

453 

46 

74 

86 

Servants . 

1.827 

986 

49 

569 

223 

Shoemakers . 

1 

1 

Teachers .  . . 

63 

43 

11 

9 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


MALES. 

Apprentices .  . 

355 

354 

1 

Bakers . 

1,108 

761 

210 

110 

26 

Barbers . . 

824 

517 

191 

95 

21 

Blacksmiths . . . 

563 

342 

128 

76 

17 

Carpenters _ _ _ _ 

3, 180 

1.640 

977 

378 

185 

Clerks  and  copyists . . 

489 

273 

169 

24 

23 

Draymen  and  hackmen  . . . . . . 

497 

226 

133 

124 

14 

Fishermen _ _ _ _ _ 

716 

489 

157 

57 

13 

Harness  makers _ _ 

344 

222 

86 

28 

8 

Hucksters . . . . . 

289 

176 

52 

54 

7 

Laborers . .  ... . 

94. 622 

62,559 

18,353 

9,543 

4,125 

Launderers .  . . . . 

172 

122 

17 

28 

5 

Lawyers . . . . . 

153 

42 

100 

11 

Masons . . . . . 

1.185 

594 

291 

237 

63 

Mechanics . . . . 

1, 037 

570 

340 

85 

41 

Merchants _ _ _ _ _ 

8,430 

4,979 

2,579 

594 

276 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . . 

2,460 

1,528 

519 

305 

107 

Painters _ _ _ _  _ 

196 

99 

50 

41 

6 

Phvsicians  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

186 

57 

118 

6 

5 

Policemen  and  watchmen. . . 

1.183 

875 

198 

64 

43 

Printers . . . 

210 

150 

49 

7 

4 

Sailors  and  boatmen . . 

1.091 

522 

382 

144 

42 

Salesmen . .  . . . . . 

2, 092 

1,967 

81 

23 

20 

Servants _ _ _ _ 

3, 497 

2,868 

248 

314 

64 

Shoemakers _ _ _ 

1,855 

1,121 

401 

265 

68 

Tailors . . . . 

628 

360 

174 

54 

39 

Teachers . . . . . . .  . 

269 

106 

125 

10 

28 

FEMALES. 

Hucksters... . . . . . 

21 

10 

4 

4 

3 

Laborers _ _ _ _ _ 

1,861 

1, 083 

102 

600 

76 

Laundresses . . . 

3, 860 

2, 487 

244 

744 

385 

Merchants _ _ _ 

56 

21 

17 

3 

15 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

138 

99 

10 

7 

22 

Saleswomen . 

6 

6 

Seamstresses  . . . 

1,361 

994 

133 

76 

157 

Servants . . . . . . 

3,942 

3, 146 

86 

376 

332 

Shoemakers _ _  .. 

14 

12 

1 

1 

Teachers . . . . . 

325 

213 

65 

1 

46 

24662 - 32 


r— I  03  r-H  »  '  CO  » i— I  r-H  CO  » — H  1  1  1  1  •  '  'HN 


498 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XXXVII. — Selected  occupations  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
as  hus¬ 
band  and 
wife  by 
mutual 
consent. 

Wid¬ 

owed. 

Un¬ 

known. 

MAI.ES. 

Apprentices . . . . . 

376 

375 

1 

Bakers . - . . . 

1.541 

1.034 

254 

230 

22 

1 

Barbers . - . 

632 

403 

146 

69 

14 

Blacksmiths . . . . . 

478 

282 

107 

79 

10 

Carpenters . . . . 

2,784 

1,491 

672 

527 

93 

1 

Clerks  and  copyists _ .. _ 

274 

128 

114 

22 

10 

Dravmen  and  hackmen . . .  . . 

297 

152 

75 

65 

5 

Fishermen  . . . . . . . . . . 

382 

210 

64 

101 

r* 

( 

Harness  makers . . . 

297 

187 

73 

30 

i 

Hucksters . . . - _ _ 

173 

108 

37 

23 

5 

Laborers . - . 

71,858 

41. 194 

12,892 

15,956 

1.804 

12 

Launderers  . . . . . 

119 

91 

20 

7 

1 

Lawyers _ _  _ _ 

113 

27 

78 

2 

6 

Masons _ _ _ _ 

878 

412 

244 

189 

33 

Mechanics . - . . . . . 

354 

187 

104 

49 

14 

Merchants . . 

6,200 

3,236 

2, 134 

607 

222 

1 

Operatives,  cigar  factories _ 

2.652 

1.752 

434 

407 

59 

Painters . - . . . 

73 

38 

22 

10 

3 

Physicians . . . 

125 

38 

76 

8 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen . . 

431 

245 

135 

44 

7 

Printers . . . . 

153 

102 

32 

11 

& 

i 

1 

Sailors  and  boatmen. . . . 

859 

452 

227 

158 

2? 

Salesmen . . . . 

1,000 

939 

38 

12 

8 

3 

Servants . . . . 

1,740 

1.425 

153 

128 

32 

2 

Shoemakers  .  .  . 

1.102 

595 

251 

220 

36 

Tailors  . . . . 

661 

393 

186 

67 

14 

. . T 

Teachers  - - - - - - -  — 

146 

53 

66 

14 

13 

. 

FEMALES. 

Bakers  . . . . . . 

8 

5 

2 

1 

Hucksters  ..  ..  _ _ _ _ 

39 

24 

4 

4 

7 

Laborers . . . . . 

1.385 

909 

81 

332 

63 

Laundresses . . . . . . 

2,293 

1, 654 

131 

362 

146 

Merchants . . . 

87 

44 

28 

4 

11 

Operatives,  cigar  factories . 

22 

17 

4 

1 

Printers _ _ _ _ _ 

4 

3 

1 

Seamstresses . . . 

1,739 

1.345 

158 

116 

119 

i 

Servants . .  .  . . . . . 

2. 269 

1,884 

53 

193 

139 

Shoemakers . .  ..  _ _ 

6 

5 

1 

Teachers . . 

215 

148 

30 

1 

35 

l 

Table  XXXVIII. — Selected  occupations ,  by  sex  and  place  of  birth. 


OCCUPATIONS 


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502  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA, 


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®  ~ 


a5 

O 

P2 


X 
U 
© 


X 

a 


GO 


to 


tG  O  „  o 

Cr?  ■rH  •>■* 

•P  P  ~  cfi  & 


P  2  «  © 

p  9  gfl 

£  o~  a 

s  J  : 2_© 


■  © 

$  •  - 
©  -T 

X  X  SR 

a,  K-*J  © 

2  ©  p  > 

^  L  ^'H 

O'rH 

^  rC  ^  Cw  y 

©•*  o  =  ©  % -s 

M  ©„©  S  -*  <"  -  - 


© 


GO 


2  X  *  GO 

Si  ‘® 

i©53£ 

3  g 

X  =  03  9 


© 


CLiPh0hCCCCCO72£-'E-< 


I  n.fcf'MSfcJi 

aijjSo  £mmh 


1  O  h  {-  N  C 
<  — H  X  X  CO  !'•  f 
CO  f-H  lO  —  • 


•-‘•O'!  CO— -  O'!  CS  O  X  X 
■  CO  O  O!  O!  O!  CO  C  LC 

‘  »-H  —i  CO  O'!  f-H  rH 


-t4  O'!  *-H  0* 

co  co  co  ca 

O!  CO 


OIOlrH-fr-N 

OJH»COH-H 


O  »-h  I—  CC  *-^  o 
X  — \  O!  CO  CO  X  -* 
0>  O!  f-H  X 


CO 


00 

a 


GO 

© 

o 


X  . 

U  f-P3 
2  ©  P 

4-> 


© 

X  « 
■•->  ^ 
x  u 

SC'4 

P/f 

OTJ 
©  p 
p 


© 

M 
«3 

3  w 

3  'f*  x 

X  ©  t-, 


X 


X  JO 

UP 


bX) 


© 

P 

rn 

rH 

o 

HH 

c3 

£ 

pj 


GO  „ 


X 


X 


a  x3-^P©P®®^P^  _’2  £ 

©  £  ©  2  ©  2  p  p  ©  ®  S'c  £  p  pp3 

P-ce  c«A  «.2ppp  os  P<«'rfp:  o 

^CCPQCQOOCfeSKjh-USSSO  PhQhOh 


-g 

Sh  o  .2 .2 


a  o 

_jA  -h 

C/3 


Table  XXXVIII. — Selected  occupations,  by  sex  and  place  of  birth — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


504 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


i 

_ ^  H  O 

,  -i  ^  *rH 

i?  c  s- 
O  ©-^ 


Asia. 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

SO  tH  1 

CO  ' 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

•  iH 

i 

i 

i 

l 

i 

i 

i 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
■  i  i  i  i  i  i  • 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
•  t  i  i  i  •  i  i 
i  i  i  i  •  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

Aus¬ 

tralia. 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

l 

i 

i 

• 

i  i 
i  i 
i  i 
l  i 
i  i 

1  i 
i  i 
i  i 
i  • 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

i  i  i  t  i  i  i  t 

•  i  i  i  i  i  i  » 

i  t  i  i  •  i  i  i 

•  iiiiiii 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  » 

•  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

•  i  i  i  i  i  i  • 

Africa. 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

t 

fl 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

l 

i 

l 

i 

i  lilt  it 

01  t-  Cl  1  1  1  1  1  iH  1  1 

d  1  i  i  i  » CO  1  1 

1  till  II 

1  till  II 

1  till  II 

1  lift  II 

1  1  1  1  1  II 

1  till  II 

Ger¬ 

many. 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

t 

• 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

• 

• 

i 

i 

i 

1 

i 

i 

i 

i 

• 

i'll  i  i  i  i  i  i rH 

till  i  i  i  i  i  i 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

i  i  i  i  i  1  i  i  i  i 

iiit  iiii«i 

iiii  i  i  i  i  i  i 

iiii  I'l'ii 

Great 

Britain. 

i 

l 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

rH 

1 

i 

i 

i 

t 

1 

i 

i 

i 

iiii  i  i  i  t  ii 

iiii  iiii  CO  1  1 

i  i  i  i  iiii  ii 

iiii  iiii  t  i 

IIII  iiii  II 

iiii  iiii  il 

iiii  iiii  ii 

IIII  IIII  II 

iiii  iiii  ii 

Spain. 

CO  *1  CD  t-  Cl 

O  ^  -H  CO  H  H 
r-H 

i  ill  i 

1  SO  C  rH  «  •  '  Cl  ■  -H 

i  th  i  i  i  Hi  i 

i  iii  i 

i  iii  i 

i  iii  i 

i  iii  i 

i  iii  < 

i  iii  i 

Canada. 

t 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

l 

l 

i 

i 

l 

i 

i 

■ 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

t 

i  i  i  i  i  i  • 
iiii'i® 
i  •  i  i  i  i  • 
i  •  •  i  i  •  • 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  t 
i  i  i  i  .  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
i  *  i  i  i  i  i 

United 

States. 

rH'HL- 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

ii*  i 

•  •  <HH  •  CO 

iii  i 

iii  i 

iii  i 

iii  i 

iii  i 

tii  i 

Mexico. 

01 

rH 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i  t  i  i  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

i  i  i  i  i  ii- 

ii  i  i  i  i  t 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i 
i  i  i  i  i  i  i 

iiii*ii 

Central 

Amer¬ 

ica. 

i 

l 

i 

i 

l 

i 

1 

1 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

■ 

i 

i 

t 

i 

iii  iii 

i  i  i  rH  i  i  i 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  i*i 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

•  i  i  i*i 

South 

Amer¬ 

ica. 

l 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

l 

1 

i 

i 

l 

i 

i 

■ 

i 

i 

i 

rH 

■ 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

t 

i 

iii  iii 

i  i  t  rH  •  *  • 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  iii 

iii  i  141 

West 

Indies. 

Zi 

rH 

rH 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

iO 

IIII  11 

1111 H  i  1 
•  1  1  1  11 

1111  11 

1111  11 

1111  ti 

1111  11 

1  1  1  1  1  « 

1111  11 

Porto 

Rico. 

• 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

rH 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

i 

t 

■ 

1  1  1  1  t  1  1 

1  1  1  1  1  1  t 

1  1  1  1  1  1  1 

1  1  1  1  «  1  1 

i  1  1  1  1  1  1 

1  1  1  1  1  1  i 

1  1  1  1  1  1  1 

1  1  1  1  1  1  s 

Cuba. 

G:  SO  Ci  rH  :D  CO  ^  t— 1  t-  Cl  rH  lO  y—<  H<  'HCJHlO 

icooscooH^  rH  coo  ci  1  m  cc  ir: 

CO  CO  iflH  SO  •  SO  Ih 

rH  •  rH 

• 

i 

Total. 

Cl  rH  CO  CO'  O  05  rH  Oi  Oi  CD  H-f  •  05  t-  H  CO 

JC  X  H  »C  Cl  CO  —  05  cc  Cl  '  »C  ci  SO 

COHOlCH  CO  'COX 

tH  i  tH 

i 
• 

i 

-u 

ci 


© 

u 


a 

o 

- 

I 

•/. 


© 

g 

c 

.3 

'd 

a 


95 

.  95  ^ 

*H  -g  C« 

©  t  3  5  S 


rx 

W 


CD 

cc  a) 

i- 1 

)  O  o 

5  :2 

#-*  C5  G3  O  H3  CJ  © 

Ah  do  OQ  CC  CC  Eh  Eh 


r  cj 
O  ®  * 


cc 


•- 


tc 


cc  •  ° 

x  95  ® 
95  ? 

£  ©  o 

© 


®  £:  Sr 


„  tH,d  ^3  d  ■ 

©•go  S  £  *.© 
CS  3  «5  S  5 
mKJHSo 


95 
© 

92 
95 
©  95 
t-  +J 


•r  « 

AhX 


a  03 
2  > 

ci  © 

05  15 

a; 


95 

© 

^  «> 
«•»  M 

3.S 

©  u 
c  a 

js  © 

xH 


<1 

« 

<3 

O 

<3 

Eh 

£3 

<3 

X2 

Gh 

O 

w 

o 

£ 

l-H 

> 

o 

M 

Ah 


05  H 


CO 


05 

Ol 


CO 


co 

t- 


CO  rH  O  l.o  CO  -t>  CO  05  CO  CO 
*0  l-  1.0  CO  CO  ~T  05  rH  1.0 
01  rH  lO  rH  rH 


H  LOO}  CO 


01 


OlOlr 


h»<01 


eo  oo  t—  co  lo  -h<  eo  i-o  co  — ( 
of 


lOCC^C0005t'*50'H"05 
1!50Nc5x*0. 

«  --  -  ■  ■ 


IXLI-H^^II- 


3  c?  oi 


95 

a 


95 

© 

© 


95 


© 

95  S 
HH,a 

2  © 

C  Ci 

a*.a 


o-d 
_  ©  a 

£•5  5 


95  3  -e  Ci  © 


©*m95§®S*H 
2  ©  £■*  &*  >1® 
h  5  g_©  £95 


95 

•h 

© 

X 
ci 
3  95 
l-1  H 
X  o 
9.  HH> 
15  X 

a-* 
£  © 
ci  3 

s  w 


OCCUPATIONS 


505 


rH^iOO* 
rH  GO 


(M 


WH 

05 

©f 


ut  r 

CO 

CO 

©£ 


CO 


m*COt 

CO  CO'  02 
CO 


ICO 


©l 


»o 


©*co 


<©*r 


iO^t-COr 


CO  " 


I  GO 


OOr 

iO 


CO  CO  OS  ©l  t-  o 

l>  lO  r-UO  CO  CO 
CO  MHO 

cd 


lO  c 

0( 


jiOlOHiOWONOJOJ 
tWHH»OHNHGOCO 
©*  H^OiON 


CO 


U-  rH  rH  rH  CO  CO 
05  r-H(M 


HC0C0  iO 


C5 


CO 


<  CO 


i  ©l 


<co 


L- 


rH  rH 


HN  CO 


HH^C 


©* 


^  P-  GO  ©I  rH  GO 
l-  05  ©I  05  CO  ©l 
CO  mi  05  GO  CO 


©^HClOXHNOOiO^ 
i©  CO  H  O  05  O  O  Oi  C  !  CO  05 
©iHHCiHC00i05?0i©H 


CO  ©l 


©*©*  COLO  1-0 
©l  N  »C  CO  CO'  CO 

CO  mH  H  rH  O 


O  CO  CO  CO  O  H  ©*  1C  GO  05 
COO5C©00i-HO5Q5O5»O©iCO 
HmthH^OO^QOCOCI 


05 


«  GO  ©l 


<©I  COr 


m  ^  cn 


o 

c3 


be 


03  £ 
+5  © 

a  > 


a 

© 

g 

rP 

O 

+H 

cS 

£ 

'd 

a 

c3 

a  a 


a 

© 

g 

+5 

& 

o 

a: 

'd 


r.  —  -=  M  ^  ;  ®  ej  2  ®  «S  m 

£  a  S|-§  ;  ©;§  «  ©  “  | 

o  c  !"oa  o  t,  *  oti  o  ® 
oa?!/3©^©--iiS  ^  r-H  ©  ,  n-  •  — 

ce  e8  a.**  aSra'o’S'S'cs  ©,a  a  © 

fcpHpHkcGttMCGHH 


a  aj*^ 

°a2 
ce  a 
>  © 
u  o 


CO 
CO  © 

f",a 

o  © 


co 

» 

a 

◄ 

WH 

w 


CO 


HCO 

©* 


CO^COCO 


<  GOlO  GO 
©SCO 


4  GO  05  ©1  t- 

<  CO  GO  ©i  CO 

lO  rH 

rH  CO 


HHOCO 

©l  co  co  io 

GO  CO 

r-TcO 


GO 

CO 


o3 

bJD 


co 

aj  •  _ 
Cfl  GO 
cn  4->  ©> 
cu  q  k 
^  c$*£ 


£  co  £^03 


CO 

CO 


05  05 
HN 


CO 


©* 


CO 


OOHHO 
CO  l-  CM 

Hco 


CD  rH  CM  ^  ta 

co  H  i— i  <M 

CO  05  CO 
rH  CO 


m 

a  © 

©  CO 
rt  ce 

g  ® 


rH  m  V* 

0_fe-£ 


© 

fH 

© 


£•§  g  £  S  S  H* 

®  Cl  ^  ^  H  m 


H  £h 

a% 


©-W  o 

*1*  ©  □  H  oi  —  w  J  , 

cjPccicC|^a,r'ii7s©©a:J® 


O 

G3 

<1 

i— i 

H 

02 

Eh 

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H 

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£ 

i— i 

o 

« 

Ph 


1-H  H  CO  O  I  01 1— 1 1— I  CO  t— 


<M 


CO 


COt'-rH-H 


>o  00 

i-H  05 


CO 

i- 

©* 


iO 


CO 


OOOCOCOHOiOHO 

OiOl-i-CONCi  r-H  O 

mH  i-H  CO 

hT 


©1  CO  CO  lO  rH 
rH  t-H  CO 


mH  rH  rH  CO  rH  ©i 


CO 


co  o 

IO 


©l 


o 

05 


COr 


<  CO 
CO 
©i 


Or-n 


CO  ©1  rH  ©1 


>o 

iO 


©ICON005NOCC»000 
NWNQOOH  i  —  ICC0H05 
CO  iO  CO  »C  ©i  r-H  CO  ©J  rH  05 


©* 


IO 

o 


OHGlXHHi-©INCOCO 
t-  -H  CO  i-  CC'  i  -  05  GO'  05  t-  iO 
COOcOHt>WC'lCOWHCO 

rH  ©I  rH 


H 

h! 


C/3 

© 

© 


:  a 

i  © 

©  I 

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CJ 


c3 


co 

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g 


CC 


CO 


CO 

.r3  C/3 
-H  ^  2 
'•^  Q)  S  . 

c»g-|Hn3©aai©iH 

sslllgljlll 

^pqWfflOCjQHffiKH 


a 

© 


50  6 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


c 

O 


8 


y> 

o 


XCt 


> 

x 

X 

X 


o 

o 


^  < 

•*  l—f 

2  H 

s  5 

<5j 

7*  co 


ip 

o  V  +* 


X 

< 


I—  r 


c*— 4 

◄ 


S  5 
2 


+3  C 

g’S 

2s 

r*;  i. 

~C£ 


P, 

CC 


s  © 


>co 


© 


H 

O 

£ 

t— < 

> 


fl  32 

A< 


-*->  O  P 

r* 

CC  2  w 
OH-h 

x*< 


■4-3  X 

X  o 

O 


c 

«  y 

°S 


I  *+*  SO  00 


— «  —  Ol 


x 


■»CO> 


*  co  io» 


‘  Ol  ^  Ol 
c 


Ol 


Cl  — <  -t*  »C  C5  01  i- 
—  i-  X  r— 


01 


o  —  ^  x  —  ^  cc  i  -  x 
— < uc  x  i.c  3  cc  oi 

OICCCC  — < 


i- - —  01  * 

— I  01 


01  •  — <  01 


C~  —  X  01  CC  01  cc 


qq  — 4  cc  c: 


so  »o 


*-<  Ol 


t-  Ol 


»C 01^*01  C5^»- 

c:  O  x  sc  O  3  »c  c: 
—  t-  oi  x  35 


O.  CC  C  C  Ol  C  N  »C 
C'-OCCXCi- 
CC  'H  »0  w  01  Ol  *-C  *-H 


X  *-C  X  i-  01 
CC  ‘C  O  --C 
CCOl 

rHOf 


OIC 

01 


Cl  CC  X  ^  ^  01  CC  »C  —  ccc:  CCCl^-C 

^-hn.c5  >5i-o5cco»of  ^oo-t 

—••—■<  X  CC  01  *-C  — 


x  ca  >.c  cc  oi  - 

—  x*  x  ' 1 

*— r  of 


9 

X 


*  2 
2*  3 


2^ 
o  = 


00  » 
■U  © 

s  > 

gs 

-©  -j 

y  y 

sg. 

"o 


SOM- 


cc 


01  so 


S3 


X01CN 
X  1C  p 
Ol 

f-Toi 


»CasO»0 
i-  Oi  oi 
^oi 


X 

S  Si 

£  S 

*  *  5  5  2 
la © I >  S  g 
u  1- a  o  s.a  i 
Cugoxc^^Pi 


Table  XXXIX. — Number  and  size  of  families, 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


FAMILIES 


507 


?3 

<+h 


O 

m 

£ 

o 

03 

fn 

03 


<D 

> 

< 


co  asiio^x 

>©  'O  Xt^  C>  »©  X 

l- 

c  h 

s  ? 

r' 

51  0 

'll  00  CO  IN  05  ^  115 

3 

©2 

—<  0 1.0  co  01 1 — r 

l© 

0 

©2  -h 

©2 

-H 

r-H 

X 

1© 

-fiO'fHSO- 

X 

«— - 

X  C5  1©  <>* 

'-H 

O 

X^WNNN'f 

c-  i  - -  oi  M 

01 

rH 

rH 

1 •O^XiSaOS'. 
jo  co  o:  <m  eo  -1  os 

co 

co 

00  X  1—1  i©  X  05 

r-H 

rH 

r-i  *— (  r-^ 

X 

rHOO©^©^© 

1© 

CO  -'CO  0  -0  C!  01 

0  so  -4 10 1-  co  0 

X 

05 

>4  r-J  rH  oi  c6 

©2 

rH 

LO^CJXXNN 

■H 

Q  "O  1-0  1-0  O  01  JO 

©2 

X 

01  ^  W  ri  ~  O  Ol 

X 

e{  ci  ci  *4  *4  ^4 

4 

— h 

1©  Ci  t'-  •H’  ©5  *>• 

05 

O 

. 

05  O  O  00  JO  CO 

X 

t— 

l©  srj  C©  C^i  4  1©  1© 

n 

(M 

'*+  x  x 

l© 

i©  ^  O  <M  1©  <M 

rH 

. 

Jl^HCN^C5 

*H 

X 

CO  ^5-  4  C©  T-H  i4  50 

©2 

C© 

< 

NHOOOJO© 

X 

*z 

©J  L-i - ^C5XQ 

©2 

L-  ^  ©i  ©1  C5  r-H  ©l 

X 

l© 

O  *©  i©  4  —1  05  x" 

03 

rH 

c© 

<J 

K 

H,h©l©H©© 

ociCCHcs; 

rH 

X 

5 ^ 

4 

1©  t-  C©  L-  ©2 

sc  ^  jo  -«r  <m  0  os 

0 

i- 

O 

rH  »— i 

H- 

H 

O 

©  'H  X  N  ©  w 

-h  >C  ©>  X  ©2  X  X 

*-i 

— 1  -J*  CO  CC  CO  01  JO 

l© 

> 

x  ©i  i4  4  ©i  h  05 

rH  v— 1 

>© 

Q 

« 

»©  -h  ©2  ^  ©1 C© 

i- 

L©  N©1  H  N  CC  ©. 

©2 

H5)occo;  — x 

rH 

i4  4  4  c©'  ©i  0  x 

0 

rH  >H  rH 

»© 

00  so  01  co  05  CO 

I 

OJ^XCXON 

rH 

^  c©  x  ©»  *—  ©>  i© 

X 

r-H 

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Jiguani . . . 

Manzanillo . . 

City  of  Manzanillo ... 

Mayari  . . . . . 

Niquero _ _ _ 

Palma  Soriano . 

Puerto  Padre . . . 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

San  Luis . 

Santiago  de  Cuba  . . . 

City  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba . . 

The  jiro vince . ! 

512 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XL. — Dwellings  and  families. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Unoccu¬ 

pied 

build¬ 

ings. 

Occupied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Number 
of  fam¬ 
ilies. 

Persons 
to  a 
family. 

Persons 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Families 
to  a 

dwelling. 

TTflTmnn,  _ _ _ _ 

5,474 
] .671 

58, 755 
25, 030 
36. 143 
27,887 
15.325 
65,396 
59,218 

96. 457 
56, 793 
44, 739 
31,197 
18,  746 
71,616 
65,210 

4.4 

7.2 

1.6 

City  of  Habana _ _ _ 

5.2 

9.5 

2.3 

Matanzas _ _ _ _ 

5,608 
4, 155 

1.672 
9, 599 

8.673 

4.5 

5.6 

1.2 

Pinar  del  Rio  . 

5.5 

6.2 

1. 1 

Puerto  Principe . . . . 

4.7 

5.8 

1.2 

Santa  Clara . . . 

5.0 

5.5 

1.1 

Santiago . 

5.0 

5.5 

1.1 

Cuba . 

35,181 

262, 724 

327,965 

4.8 

6.0 

1.2 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Unoccu¬ 

pied 

build¬ 

ings. 

Occupied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Number 
of  fam¬ 
ilies. 

Persons 
to  a 
family. 

Persons 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Families 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Aguacate . 

64 

536 

786 

4.0 

5.9 

1.5 

Alquizar  . . . 

51 

1,487 

1,598 

5. 5 

5.8 

1.1 

Bainoa  . . . . 

4 

308 

332 

5.2 

5.6 

1.1 

Batabano . 

47 

977 

1,350 

4.8 

6.7 

1.4 

Bauta . . 

96 

921 

1,033 

5.0 

5.6 

1.1 

Bejucal . . . - . - . . 

176 

1,043 

1.328 

4.3 

5. 5 

1.3 

Cano . . . 

55 

755 

817 

5.2 

5. 6 

1.1 

Casiguas . . . - . 

1 

189 

189 

5.3 

5.3 

1.0 

Catalina . . - . 

40 

551 

568 

4.8 

4.9 

1.0 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

86 

383 

448 

4.9 

5.7 

1.2 

Guanabacoa. . 

524 

3,672 

4,392 

4.6 

5.5 

1.2 

City  of  Guanabacoa . 

A  02 

2,565 

3,229 

5.3 

5.5 

1.3 

Guara  . . . . 

18 

316 

325 

5.6 

5.8 

1.0 

Guines . . . 

290 

2,268 

2,473 

4.6 

5.0 

1.1 

Guira  de  Melena  — . . . 

208 

2,037 

2,397 

4.8 

5.7 

1.2 

Habana . . 

1,770 

26,002 

58,095 

4.2 

9.3 

2.2 

City  of  Habana  . . . . 

1,671 

25,030 

56,  793 

5.1 

9.5 

2.3 

Isla  de  Pinos . . . 

48 

546 

572 

5.6 

5.9 

1.0 

Jaruco . . 

90 

835 

877 

4.6 

4.9 

1.1 

Madruga . 

192 

745 

880 

4.3 

5.0 

1.2 

Managua . 

85 

468 

518 

5.6 

6.2 

1.1 

Marianao. . . 

145 

1,159 

2,010 

4.3 

7.4 

1.7 

Melena  del  Sur . 

45 

624 

648 

4.9 

5.1 

1.0 

Nueva  Paz . 

187 

1,598 

1,627 

4.8 

4.9 

1.0 

Pipian . . 

11 

187 

188 

5.9 

5.9 

1.0 

Quivican . . . 

234 

494 

510 

4.8 

4.9 

1.0 

Regia . 

177 

1,707 

2,534 

4.5 

6.7 

1.5 

Salud . . . 

40 

573 

629 

5.2 

5.7 

1.1 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . 

48 

365 

385 

4.8 

5.0 

1.0 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . . . 

152 

2.289 

2, 495 

5.0 

5.5 

1.1 

San  Felipe . 

33 

412 

429 

4.5 

4.6 

1.0 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas . . 

143 

880 

956 

4.3 

4.7 

1.1 

San  N  icolas . . 

106 

857 

905 

5.0 

5.3 

1.1 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  . . . . 

59 

636 

669 

4.4 

4.7 

1.1 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

67 

544 

593 

4.6 

5.0 

1.1 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

126 

1,620 

2.058 

5.0 

6.3 

1.3 

Tapaste . 

27 

312 

332 

4.7 

5.0 

1.1 

Vereda  Nueva . . 

29 

459 

511 

4.7 

5.3 

1.1 

The  province . 

5,474 

58, 755 

96, 457 

4.4 

7.2 

1.6 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes . 

182 

1,362 

1,843 

4.4 

6.0 

1.4 

Bolondron . 

302 

1,879 

2,240 

4.1 

4.9 

1.2 

Cabezas . . . 

53 

986 

1,097 

4.7 

5.3 

1.1 

Canasi . 

260 

445 

467 

4.3 

4.5 

1.0 

Cardenas .  . 

519 

4,395 

5,460 

4.6 

5.7 

1.2 

Cit i/o f  Cardenas . 

ASA 

5,007 

A,  966 

A.  A 

5.5 

1.2 

Carlos  Rojas  . . 

191 

601 

715 

4.4 

5.3 

1.2 

Colon . 

384 

2, 199 

2,624 

4.7 

5.5 

1.2 

Cuevltas . .. . . 

146 

976 

1,348 

4.3 

5.9 

1.4 

Guamacaro . 

203 

1,123 

1. 376 

4.4 

5.3 

1.2 

Jagu£v  Grande  . . 

168 

1,104 

1,177 

5.0 

5.0 

1.0 

Jovellanos . 

268 

1,534 

1 , 857 

4.1 

5.0 

1.2 

Macagua . 

108 

964 

1,107 

4.6 

5.2 

14 

FAMILIES  AND  DWELLINGS 


513 


Table  XL. — Dwellings  and  families — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS-Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Unoccu¬ 

pied 

build¬ 

ings. 

Occupied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Number 
of  fam¬ 
ilies. 

Persons 
to  a 
family. 

Persons 
to  ft 

dwelling 

Families 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Macuriges . 

191 

1,829 

1,708 

7,561 

5,820 

831 

2,459 

1,950 

9,748 

7,965 

934 

4.2 

5.7 

1.3 

Marti .  . 

130 

4.6 

5.2 

1.1 

Matanzas . . _ _ 

1,262 

1,009 

128 

4.6 

6.0 

1.3 

City  of  Matanzas . 

4 .6 

6.2 

1. 4 

Maximo  Gomez . . 

4.3 

4.9 

1. 1 

Mendez  Capote . . . . . 

48 

366 

368 

5.9 

6.0 

1.0 

Palmillas . _  _ . . . 

416 

1,462 

610 

1,819 

959 

4.2 

5.2 

1.2 

Perico . . . 

55 

4.6 

7.3 

1.6 

Roque . - . 

122 

804 

895 

5.0 

5.6 

1.1 

Sabanilla  . . 

171 

975 

1,084 

1,342 

680 

4.8 

5.3 

1.1 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . . . 

55 

972 

5.0 

7.0 

1.4 

Santa  Ana  _  . 

92 

565 

4.4 

5.2 

1.2 

Union  de  Reyes . 

154 

892 

1,190 

4.4 

5.9 

1.3 

The  province . . . . 

5,608 

36, 143 

44, 739 

4.5 

5. 6 

1.2 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

170 

1,603 

1,776 

5.2 

5.8 

1.1 

Bahia  Honda . 

15 

433 

507 

4.2 

4.9 

1.2 

Cabanas . . . . 

26 

468 

877 

4.4 

8.2 

1.9 

Candelaria _ _ 

101 

989 

999 

4.9 

4.9 

1.0 

Consolacion  del  Norte . - . 

289 

1,158 

1,223 

6.0 

6.4 

1.1 

Consolacion  del  Sur . . . 

636 

2,573 

2, 874 

5.8 

6.5 

1.1 

Guanajay  . . . . . 

119 

1,408 

1.816 

4.8 

6.2 

1.3 

Guane. . . . . 

432 

2, 439 

2,615 

5.6 

6.1 

1.1 

Guayabal . . . . . 

6 

487 

529 

5.1 

5.6 

1.1 

Julian  Diaz . . . . . 

117 

359 

371 

5. 0 

5.2 

1.0 

Los  Palacios . . . 

22 

468 

509 

4.8 

5.2 

1.1 

Mantua . . 

186 

1,444 

1,512 

5.5 

5.7 

1.0 

Mariel . . . . . 

76 

660 

723 

5.0 

5.5 

1.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . 

1,321 

5, 706 

6,573 

5.8 

6.7 

1.2 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio . . 

69 

1,172 

1,812 

h.9 

7.6 

1.5 

San  Cristobal . . . . 

17 

767 

849 

5.0 

5.6 

1.1 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

43 

408 

464 

5.2 

5.9 

1.1 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

8 

255 

286 

4.0 

4.5 

1.1 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . . . 

120 

2,310 

2, 470 

6.0 

6.4 

1.1 

San  Luis . . 

357 

1.232 

1,358 

5.  6 

6.2 

1.1 

Vinales . 

94 

2,720 

2, 866 

6.2 

6.5 

1.1 

The  province . . . 

4, 155 

27,887 

31,197 

5.  5 

6.2 

1.1 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

220 

1,633 

1,881 

5.2 

6.0 

1.2 

Moron . 

124 

1, 430 

1,835 

5.3 

6.7 

1.3 

Nue  vitas . . . . . 

156 

1,755 

2, 104 

4.9 

5.9 

1.2 

Puerto  Principe  . . 

1,098 

9,651 

11,852 

4.5 

5.5 

1.2 

City  of  Puerto  Principe . 

4  53 

h,861 

6,516 

3.9 

5.2 

1.3 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . . 

74 

856 

1,074 

4.9 

6.2 

1.3 

The  province . 

1,672 

15,325 

18,746 

4.7 

5.8 

1.2 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo  . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos 

Cif  uentes . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza . 

Palmira . 

Placetas  . 


117 

715 

731 

5.5 

5.6 

1.0 

179 

1,667 

1,742 

5.0 

5.2 

1.0 

332 

2, 546 

2, 658 

5.0 

5.3 

1.0 

266 

2, 467 

2.710 

5.3 

5.5 

1.0 

91 

993 

1,089 

5.7 

6.3 

1.1 

82 

1,290 

1,370 

5. 1 

5.4 

1.1 

1,079 

10, 127 

11,868 

5.  0 

5.8 

1.2 

615 

4,967 

6,371 

4.7 

6.0 

1.3 

116 

726 

822 

4.7 

5.3 

1.1 

214 

1,624 

1,694 

4.7 

4.9 

1.0 

308 

1,509 

1,527 

5.1 

5.2 

1.0 

151 

1,218 

1.269 

5.1 

5.4 

1.0 

340 

2, 124 

2,362 

5.1 

5.6 

1.1 

21662 - 33 


514 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XL. — Dwellings  and  families — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 

[Figure^  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Unoccu¬ 

pied 

build¬ 

ings. 

Occupied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Number 
of  fam¬ 
ilies. 

Persons 
to  a 
family. 

Persons 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Families 
to  a 

dwelling. 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

331 

1.684 

1,940 

4.6 

5.3 

1.2 

Rancho  Velos . . 

107 

1,298 

1.565 

4.8 

5.8 

1.2 

Ranchuelo . 

188 

1.024 

1.116 

4. 5 

5.0 

1.1 

Rodas  . . . . 

303 

1,688 

1,788 

5.3 

5. 7 

1.1 

Sagua  la  Grande . . . . 

615 

4,109 

4,513 

4.7 

5.2 

1.1 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande . 

4 31 

2,4  88 

2, 706 

4.7 

5.1 

1. 1 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas . 

310 

2,103 

2.275 

5.6 

6.1 

1.1 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

1,102 

5,086 

5, 594 

4.6 

5.1 

1.1 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . . 

588 

2,637 

2,936 

4. 3 

4.8 

1.1 

San  Diego  del  Valle" . . 

189 

1,000 

1,065 

5.0 

5.  4 

1.1 

San  Fernando . . . 

175 

1,087 

1,114 

5.8 

5.9 

1.0 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  . 

289 

1,059 

1,134 

4.9 

5.3 

1.1 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . 

4.58 

2,887 

3,135 

4.7 

5.2 

1.  1 

Santa  Clara . . . ... 

1,085 

5,379 

5,646 

5.0 

5.3 

1.1 

City  of  Santa  Clara. . . 

620 

2, 71*5 

2,91*3 

4.7 

5.0 

1. 1 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas . . 

91 

1,704 

1.755 

5. 5 

5.6 

1.0 

Santa  Domingo . . 

178 

2,064 

2, 109 

4.9 

5.0 

1.0 

Trinidad . . . - . 

812 

4,571 

5,327 

4.6 

5.3 

1.2 

City  of  Trinidad . . 

4 82 

2, 185 

2, 666 

4 .2 

5.1 

1.2 

Yaguajay . 

91 

1,647 

1,698 

5.7 

5.9 

1.0 

The  province . . . 

9,599 

65, 396 

71 , 616 

5.0 

5.5 

1.1 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo . 

306 

2,473 

2,814 

4.5 

5.0 

1.1 

Baracoa . . . 

2,534 

3,929 

4,266 

5.1 

5.6 

1.1 

Bayamo . . . 

385 

3, 752 

3,848 

5  5 

5.6 

1.0 

Campechuela . . . 

104 

1,149 

1.277 

5.8 

6.4 

1.1 

Caney . - . 

450 

1,612 

1,743 

5.2 

5.7 

1.1 

Cobre  . . - . 

680 

2,063 

2, 180 

4.9 

5.2 

1.  1 

Cristo . . 

72 

251 

261 

4.6 

4.  7 

1.0 

Gibara . - . . 

349 

5.327 

5, 739 

5.5 

5.9 

1.1 

Guantanamo . . . 

838 

5,856 

6, 596 

4.3 

4.8 

1.1 

Holguin _ _ _ 

375 

6,087 

6.467 

5.3 

5.7 

1.1 

Jignani . - . 

41 

1.808 

1,866 

5.6 

5.8 

1.0 

Manzanillo . . . -  - 

546 

6,043 

6, 556 

4.9 

5.3 

1.1 

City  of  Manzanillo . . 

330 

2,982 

3,313 

4.4 

4 .9 

1.1 

Mayari . . . - . 

261 

1,426 

1.478 

5.8 

6.0 

1.0 

Niquero  . . 

62 

473 

524 

5.2 

5.7 

1.1 

Palma  Soriano . - . 

213 

2,349 

2,426 

5.1 

5.2 

1.0 

Puerto  Padre . . . 

115 

3,355 

3,519 

5.7 

6.0 

1.1 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

71 

976 

1,014 

5.7 

5. 9 

1.0 

San  Luis  . . . 

268 

2,265 

2.344 

5.0 

5.2 

1.0 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

1.003 

8,024 

10,292 

4.4 

5. 7 

1.3 

City  of  Santiago . 

997 

7,574 

9,830 

4.4 

5.7 

1.3 

The  province . . . 

8,673 

59,218 

65,210 

5.0 

5.5 

1.1 

Table  XLI. — Source  of  water  supply. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Occu¬ 

pied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 

stated. 

Habana . 

City  of  Habana . 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . . . 

Santiago . 

Cuba  ...  . 

58, 755 
25, 030 
36,143 
27,887 
15.325 
65, 396 
59. 218 

27,728 
988 
28,259 
9.417 
8,536 
35. 968 
10. 713 

22,339 

20,657 

4,967 

■m 

3 

5,921 

8,284 

1,332 

21*1* 

384 

530 

3,208 

8,997 

3,315 

2,982 
131 
1.(500 
17,237 
3,072 
13, 404 
36,068 

4,374 

3,010 

931 

469 

506 

1,106 

838 

262. 734 

120.621 

41,748 

17,766  74.363 

8. 220 

WATER  SUPPLY 


515 


Table  XLI. — Source  of  ivater  supply — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occu¬ 

pied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguacate . . . . . 

536 

528 

8 

Alquizar . . . . . 

1,487 

1,376 

8 

103 

Bainoa  .  . . . . 

'308 

297 

10 

1 

Batabano . 

977 

419 

505 

27 

11 

15 

Bauta  ..  . .  . . . 

921 

882 

3 

24 

12 

Rejncal  _  . . 

1,043 

1,014 

4 

1 

24 

Cano  . - . 

755 

727 

16 

2 

10 

Casiguas  .  . . . . 

189 

186 

o 

1 

Catalina  . . 

551 

522 

2 

* 

i 

26 

Ceiba,  del  Agua  -  _  _ _ _ 

383 

365 

18 

Guanabacoa. . . 

3,672 

3, 196 

25 

133 

33 

285 

City  of  Guanabacoa _ _ 

2, 561+ 

2,2C8 

18 

8U 

25U 

Guara  . . . _  _ . - 

316 

314 

2 

Gnines  . . . 

2,268 

313 

500 

1,407 

48 

(riiira.  de  Melena  _  _ 

2,037 

1,847 

10 

180 

Habana _ - . 

26;  002 

1,622 

20, 714 

275 

310 

3,081 

City  of  Habana  . . . 

25,030 

988 

20, 657 

*44 

131 

3, 010 

Isla  de  Pinos . . . . . .  . . 

546 

338 

18 

183 

7 

Jaruco  . . 

835 

530 

37 

262 

6 

Madruga . . . 

745 

658 

3 

61 

23 

Managua. . . . . . . . .  . 

468 

441 

22 

5 

Marianao . . . . 

1,159 

864 

196 

20 

22 

57 

Melena  del  Sur . . . . . 

624 

606 

18 

NuevaPaz _ _  _  _ _ _ 

1,598 

1,504 

48 

46 

Pinian  .  .  .  ..  . . . 

187 

171 

14 

2 

Quivican . . 

494 

483 

11 

Regia . . . 

1,707 

788 

10 

772 

2 

135 

Salud  . . .  - . 

573 

563 

10 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas  _  _ 

365 

357 

3 

] 

4 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  . . . . 

2,289 

1,778 

369 

2 

53 

87 

San  Felipe  . . . . . 

412 

409 

1 

2 

San  .Tose  de  las  Rajas  _  _ 

880 

855 

2 

23 

San  Nicolas  .  _ 

857 

694 

138 

25 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  . - . . 

636 

303 

323 

10 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario _  _ 

544 

531 

6 

1 

6 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  .  _ _ 

1.620 

1,505 

29 

23 

63 

Tapaste  ..  . . . . . 

312 

296 

1 

8 

7 

Vereda  Nueva . . . 

459 

446 

13 

The  province . . 

58,755 

27,728 

22,339 

1,332 

2, 982 

4,374 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes . . . . 

1,362 

1,879 

986 

Bolondron . . . . . . 

Cabezas . 

Canasi . . . . . . . 

445 

Cardenas  . . . . . . . 

City  of  Cardenas  _ . . . 

4,395 
4 ,007 
601 
2,199 
976 

Car  los  "Rojas . . . . . 

Colon  .  --  . . 

Cue  vitas . . . .  .. 

Guamacaro . . . . 

1,123 

1,104 

1,534 

964 

Jaguey  Grande . .  . 

J  o  vellanos . . . . . . . 

Macagua  . . . . . 

Macuriges . . . . . 

1,829 

1,708 

7,561 

5,820 

831 

Marti . . . . 

Matanzas . . . 

City  of  Matanzas _ _ _ 

Maximo  Gomez _ _ ’ _ _ 

Mendez  Capote  . . . . 

366 

Palmillas  . . . . 

1,462 

610 

Perico . . . . . 

Roque . . . 

804 

Sabanilla .  . . 

975 

San  Jose  do  los  Ramos . .  . 

972 

Santa  Ana . . . . 

565 

Union  de  Reyes . .  . . 

892 

The  province . . 

36, 143 

1,244 

1 

50 

67 

1,663 

188 

3 

12 

13 

735 

247 

4 

120 

4 

320 

1 

3,094 

1,012 

124 

2 

163 

2,  727 

1,006 

113 

2 

159 

595 

1 

5 

2,168 

1 

30 

984 

2 

3 

7 

789 

1 

27 

296 

10 

1 , 093 

11 

1,093 

408 

2 

31 

907 

4 

16 

37 

1.665 

55 

66 

43 

1 , 537 

78 

62 

31 

3, 788 

3,231 

84 

175 

283 

2,257 

3,213 

69 

26 

265 

815 

16 

362 

4 

1,379 

1 

4 

57 

21 

568 

33 

9 

609 

70 

9 

116 

777 

2 

189 

7 

952 

5 

5 

10 

491 

1 

68 

5 

851 

1 

31 

9 

28, 259 

4,967 

384 

1,600 

933 

516 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XLI. — Source  of  water  supply — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte... 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Guanajay . 

Guane . 

Guayabal . 

Julian  Diaz . 

Los  Palacios . 

Mantua . 

Mari  el . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio 

San  Cristobal . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos.. 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . 

San  Juan  y  Martinez. ... 

San  Luis  . . 

Vinales . 

The  province . . 


Occu¬ 

pied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 

stated. 

I . 

1,603 

1,470 

19 

4 

78 

32 

433 

148 

11 

255 

19 

468 

279 

72 

111 

6 

989 

660 

313 

16 

1,158 

147 

i 

997 

13 

2,573 

145 

1 

311 

2,074 

42 

1,408 

1,307 

22 

1 

28 

50 

2, 439 

1,418 

20 

956 

45 

'487 

402 

82 

3 

359 

149 

203 

7 

468 

217 

248 

3 

1,444 

216 

3 

1.210 

15 

660 

176 

192 

6 

269 

17 

5,706 

1,636 

18 

3.972 

80 

1,172 

1,01*9 

17 

73 

33 

'767 

247 

502 

18 

408 

'  72 

7 

323 

6 

255 

153 

101 

1 

2,310 

42 

2,225 

■9,3 

1,232 

279 

10 

927 

16 

2,720 

254 

66 

2,363 

37 

27,887 

9,417 

234 

530 

17,237 

469 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

1,633 

1,158 

112 

343 

20 

Moron  . . . . . . . 

1.430 

913 

52 

458 

7 

Nue vitas  _ _ _ _ 

1,755 

663 

844 

216 

32 

Puerto  Principe . . . . 

9,651 

5,447 

3 

2,075 

1.698 

428 

City  of  Puerto  Principe. . 

l*,861 

2,633 

3 

1,981 

15 

229 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

856 

355 

125 

357 

19 

The  province . 

15,325 

8,536 

3 

3,208 

3,072 

506 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . 

Caibarien . . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . . 

Cartagena. . . . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfuegos . . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza  . 

Palmira . . . 

Placetas . . 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . . . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Saqua  la  Grande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus.. 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

San  Fernando . 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  . 

Santa  Clara . 

City  of  Santa  Clara . 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas. .. 

Santo  Domingo . 

Trinidad . . 

City  of  Trinidad . 

Yaguajay . 

The  province . 


715 

461 

139 

4 

102 

9 

1,667 

346 

2 

1.289 

10 

20 

2, 546 

1,787 

21 

99 

606 

33 

2, 467 

1.953 

4 

45 

447 

18 

993 

847 

25 

108 

13 

1,290 

1,135 

19 

124 

12 

10, 127 

3,652 

2,114 

2, 715 

1,347 

299 

l*,967 

320 

2,101* 

2,351* 

187 

726 

608 

72 

39 

7 

1.624 

1,449 

36 

63 

76 

1,509 

1.323 

81 

82 

23 

1.218 

1,001 

18 

178 

21 

2,124 

1,386 

5 

704 

29 

1,684 

1.379 

27 

262 

16 

1,298 

893 

20 

361 

24 

1,024 

966 

1 

46 

11 

1,688 

690 

188 

4 

781 

25 

4. 109 

569 

1,436 

1,675 

367 

62 

2,!*88 

31 

1,309 

898 

211 

39 

2. 103 

1,738 

19 

305 

41 

5, 086 

748 

1.941 

203 

2, 136 

58 

2,637 

217 

1,932 

9 

1*3  7 

1*2 

1. 000 

888 

1 

100 

11 

1.087 

617 

462 

8 

1,059 

780 

269 

10 

2.887 

2. 1273 

75 

64 

565 

60 

5, 379 

3,933 

i 

269 

1,078 

98 

2,  745 

2,  t*37 

267 

5 

36 

1.704 

1.170 

173 

347 

14 

2, 064 

1.711 

89 

242 

22 

4. 571 

574 

2,019 

1,909 

69 

2,  185 

3 

1,909 

21*3 

30 

1,647 

1,241 

25 

364 

17 

65, 396 

35, 968 

5,921 

8,997 

13,404 

1,106 

DISPOSITION  OF  GARBAGE 


517 


Table  XLI. — Source  of  water  supply — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occu¬ 

pied 

dwell¬ 

ings. 

Cistern. 

Aque¬ 

duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 

stated. 

Alto  Songo. . 

2,473 

10 

2 

2, 440 

21 

Baracoa . . . 

3,929 

114 

687 

431 

2;  659 

38 

Bayamo . . . . 

3,752 

459 

6 

3, 235 

52 

Campechuela . . - . 

1,149 

518 

135 

481 

15 

Caney  _ . . . . . 

1, 612 

32 

427 

39 

1,099 

15 

Co  ore . . . . 

2,063 

34 

2 

57 

1,951 

19 

Cristo  . - . 

251 

244 

7 

Gibara . . . 

5,327 

1,818 

21 

1,160 

2,228 

100 

Guantanamo . 

5, 856 

27 

21 

84 

5,642 

82 

Holguin . . -  - . 

6,087 

3,358 

1 

33 

2, 548 

147 

Jiguani  . . . . . 

1,808 

510 

1,291 

7 

Manzanillo _  _ 

6^043 

1,437 

1,168 

3, 359 

79 

City  of  Manzanillo _ _ _ 

2,982 

932 

1,135 

889 

26 

May ar i  - . . . . _  _ . . . 

l'426 

75 

17 

1,319 

15 

Niquero. .  _  . . . . . 

473 

255 

3 

213 

2 

Palma  Soriano _ _ _ _ 

2,349 

177 

3 

2,147 

22 

Puerto  Padre  . . 

3',  355 

1,815 

77 

1,427 

36 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . . 

'976 

36 

2 

'928 

10 

San  Luis  . . . . _ . 

2,265 

15 

2 

2,225 

23 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

8,024 

23 

7, 125 

96 

632 

148 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba . 

7,57  k 

23 

7,125 

96 

183 

157 

The  province  _ _ _ _ 

59,218 

10, 713 

8,284 

3, 315 

36, 068 

838 

Table  XLII. — Disposition  of  garbage. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

City.  ;  Private. 

Burn. 

Not 

stated. 

Habana . 

City  of  Habana . . . 

Matanzas - - - - 

Pinar  del  Rio. . . . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara.  .' _ _ _ 

Santiago . . . . . . . 

Cuba. _ _ _ 

58, 755 
25, 030 
36,143 
27,887 
15, 325 
65, 396 
59,218 

32, 163 
22,  758 

13, 767 
3, 776 
4,980 
18,517 
15,026 

16, 648 

5 82 
13,631 
22, 992 
3,079 
22,677 
4,260 

6, 978 
329 
7,841 
625 
6, 779 
23,026 
39, 106 

2,966 

1,561 

904 

494 

487 

1,176 

826 

262, 724 

88,229 

83,287 

84,355 

6,853 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


District. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Burn. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguacate . _ . 

536 

257 

271 

8 

Alquizar . . . . . 

1,487 

5 

1,378 

1 

103 

Bainoa . . 

308 

174 

133 

1 

Batabano  . 

977 

470 

239 

248 

20 

Banta . 

921 

362 

521 

26 

12 

Bejucal . . . . . 

1,043 

854 

160 

5 

24 

Cano . . . 

755 

446 

153 

156 

Casiguas  . 

189 

51 

137 

1 

Catalina  ...  . . . . . . 

551 

134 

283 

100 

34 

Ceiba  del  Agua . . . 

383 

318 

34 

31 

Guanabacoa . . 

3,672 

2,063 

749 

639 

221 

City  of  Guanabacoa . . 

2 ,565 

2,060 

130 

188 

186 

Guara . 

316 

1 

94 

213 

8 

Giiines . . . 

2,268 

51 

1,613 

556 

48 

Guira  de  Melena .  . . . . . 

2,037 

636 

1,169 

4 

228 

Habana . 

26, 002 

23,023 

949 

499 

1,531 

City  of  Habana . . . 

25,030 

22,  758 

5  82 

329 

1,561 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

546 

8 

342 

185 

11 

Jaruco . . . 

835 

109 

672 

48 

6 

Madruga . . . .  . 

745 

290 

332 

107 

16 

Managua . . . . 

468 

141 

320 

7 

Marianao . . 

1,159 

832 

160 

119 

48 

Melena  del  Sur . . 

624 

198 

408 

18 

518 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

*  Table  XLII. — Disposition  of  garbage — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Burn. 

Not 

stated. 

Neuva  Paz  . . _ . .  . 

1,598 

379 

1,172 

47 

Pipian  . . .  . . 

187 

185 

2 

Quivican . . 

494 

2 

372 

107 

13 

Regia . . . — . 

1,707 

1,569 

4 

20 

114 

Salud  .  . . . 

573 

563 

1 

9 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas . . 

365 

313 

48 

4 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. . . . . . 

2,289 

1.329 

866 

9 

85 

San  Felipe  - - - - - - 

412 

3 

260 

147 

2 

San  .Tosh  de  las  Rajas _  __ 

880 

295 

550 

San  N  i  colas . . . . . . 

857 

550 

282 

25 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  . . . 

636 

1 

247 

377 

11 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario _ _ _ 

544 

23 

397 

118 

6 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  _ _ 

1.620 

1,398 

158 

64 

Tapaste  .  ____ . . . 

312 

132 

173 

7 

Vereda  Nueva . . . 

459 

433 

16 

10 

The  province . . . 

58, 755 

32, 163 

16,648 

6,978 

2,966 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes . . . 

1,362 

208 

475 

610 

69 

Bolondron .  . 

1,879 

745 

914 

207 

13 

Cahezas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

986 

417 

565 

4 

Canasi . . . 

445 

141 

149 

147 

8 

Cardenas . . . - . 

4,395 

3,205 

643 

438 

109 

City  of  Cardenas . . . 

4 ,007 

3, 157 

376 

370 

10U 

Carlos  Rojas  .  . . 

601 

300 

296 

5 

Colon . - . 

2, 199 

840 

722 

559 

78 

Cuevitas . . . . 

976 

177 

712 

80 

7 

Ciuamacaro . . . . 

1,123 

332 

700 

80 

11 

Jagiiey  Grande . . . . . . 

1,104 

34 

869 

191 

10 

Jovellanos . . . . . 

1.534 

721 

425 

356 

32 

TVTfl.capria  _ 

964 

349 

578 

37 

Macuriges - - - - 

1,829 

650 

727 

419 

33 

Marti  . - . - _ _ 

1.708 

1,378 

235 

95 

Matanzas . . . . 

7,561 

5,332 

1,171 

840 

218 

City  of  Matanzas . . . 

5,820 

5,239 

202 

179 

200 

Maximo-Gomez.. . . 

831 

277 

401 

137 

16 

Mendez  Capote.  _  _  _  _ 

366 

142 

220 

4 

Palmillas . . . 

1,462 

144 

1,026 

271 

21 

Perico . . . . . 

610 

311 

216 

74 

9 

Roque _ _ _ _ _ 

804 

40 

546 

125 

93 

Sn.hfl.nill  a  _ _  _ 

975 

545 

422 

8 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  _ 

972 

235 

727 

10 

Santa  Ana  . . . . . . 

565 

70 

333 

157 

5 

Union  de  Reyes  . . . . 

892 

540 

236 

107 

9 

The  province  . . . . 

36,143 

13, 767 

13,631 

7,841 

904 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . . 

1,603 

485 

1,069 

17 

32 

Bahia  Honda  . . . . . . . . . 

433 

327 

87 

19 

Cabanas  _ _ _ — 

468 

86 

262 

114 

6 

Candelaria  . . . . . . 

989 

974 

15 

Consdlacion  del  Norte . 

1 , 158 

1,144 

14 

Consdlacion  del  Sur  . . . . . 

2,573 

258 

2,217 

57 

41 

Guana  jay... . 

1,408 

942 

415 

O 

ht 

49 

Guane  . . . . 

2,  439 

2, 356 

27 

56 

Guayabal . . . . 

487 

140 

344 

3 

Julian  Diaz _ _ _ _ 

359 

352 

i y 

7 

Los  Palacios . . . 

468 

167 

289 

9 

3 

Mantua . . . . 

1 . 444 

1 , 394 

34 

16 

Mariel  . . . 

660 

202 

323 

118 

17 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

5, 706 

1,088 

4,519 

17 

82 

City  of  Pinar  del  liio . . . 

1, 172 

1,088 

51 

33 

San  Cristobal . . 

i  Oi 

196 

550 

3 

18 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . . 

408 

64 

310 

14 

San  Diego  de  Nunez .  . 

255 

225 

29 

1 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

2, 310 

2, 263 

47 

San  Luis . . 

1.232 

148 

L018 

50 

16 

Vinales  .  . .  .  . . . . 

2, 720 

2. 621 

61 

38 

The  province . . . . . 

27,887 

3|  <  «t) 

22,992 

625 

494 

DISPOSITION  OF  GARBAGE 


519 


Table  XL1I. — Disposition  of  garbage — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Burn. 

Not 

stated. 

Ciego  de  Avila . . 

1,63-1 

204 

755 

655 

19 

Moron .  . . 

1,430 

1,755 

810 

612 

8 

Nue vitas  ... . 

279 

365 

1,079 

32 

Puerto  Principe . . . . 

9,651 

4,497 

1,109 

3, 640 

405 

City  of  Puerto  Principe  . . 

It,  861 

4,4  97 

111 

50 

203 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

856 

40 

793 

23 

The  province . . . . 

15,325 

4,980 

3,079 

6,779 

487 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . 

715 

199 

57 

449 

10 

Caibarien _ _ _ 

1.667 

1,128 

376 

140 

23 

Oalftbazar  __  __ . . 

2,546 

1,117 

1 , 399 

30 

Camajuani - -  ... 

2, 467 

804 

1,278 

369 

16 

Cartagena  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

993 

84 

896 

13 

Ceja  de  Pablo . . . 

1,290 

85 

237 

803 

165 

Cienfuegos  . . - - - 

10,127 

4, 544 

1,987 

3, 450 

146 

City  of  Cienfuegos. . 

4, 967 

4,544 

267 

97 

59 

Cifuentes . . . 

726 

241 

372 

106 

7 

Cruces . - . - . - . 

1.624 

388 

502 

710 

24 

Esperanza . . . . 

1,509 

763 

721 

23 

Palmira .  .  . . . . 

1,218 

244 

210 

743 

21 

Placetas . . . . . 

2,124 

520 

1,066 

510 

28 

Quemados  de  Guines . 

1,684 

117 

925 

626 

16 

Rancho  Veloz  . . . . 

1,298 

737 

533 

28 

Ranchuelo . . . . 

1,024 

211 

108 

689 

16 

Rodas . . - . 

1,688 

388 

473 

802 

25 

Sagua  la  Grande . . . 

4,109 

1,852 

1,442 

648 

167 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande . 

2,m 

l,8k3 

393 

22k 

28 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas . 

2, 103 

114 

1, 713 

218 

58 

Sancti-Spiritus . . . . . . 

5,086 

2,212 

1,281 

1,536 

57 

City  of  Sancti-Spiritus . 

2,637 

2,  m 

205 

2k8 

hi 

San  Diego  del  Valle . . 

1,000 

1 

878 

108 

13 

San  Fernando . - . 

1,087 

63 

1 . 016 

g 

San  Juan  de  las  Veras  . . . . 

1,059 

388 

659 

12 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . . 

2;  887 

1,284 

650 

902 

51 

Santa  Clara . . .  - . . . 

5,379 

2,263 

1,900 

1,118 

98 

City  of  Santa  Clara  . . . . . - 

2,  7k5 

%  262 

89 

357 

37 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas . . . 

1,704 

168 

554 

969 

13 

Santo  Domingo . . . . . 

2,064 

296 

1,358 

388 

22 

Trinidad _ _ _ - . 

4,571 

1,456 

749 

2.297 

69 

City  of  Trinidad . . . . 

2, 185 

1,45.5 

iki 

559 

30 

Yaeruaiav  .  .  . 

1,647 

1,409 

221 

17 

The  province . . 

65,396 

18,517 

22,677 

23, 026 

1,176 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo  . 

2, 473 

311 

2  141 

21 

Baracoa . . . — 

3,929 

776 

10 

3, 105 

38 

Bayamo  . . . - . 

3, 752 

609 

319 

2,771 

53 

Campechuela - - 

1,149 

68 

1,063 

18 

Caney . . . 

1,612 

110 

351 

1,136 

15 

Cobre . . . . . 

2, 063 

400 

1 , 644 

19 

Cristo . . . . . 

'251 

1 

242 

8 

Gibara . 

5,327 

770 

658 

3,801 

98 

Guantanamo . - . - .  - . . . 

5,856 

1,346 

242 

4,187 

81 

Holguin . . . 

6,087 

761 

477 

4, 774 

75 

Jiguani . . . . 

1,808 

124 

1,678 

6 

Manzanillo  .  _ _ _ _ _ _ 

6i  043 

2,834 

121 

2,948 

140 

City  of  Manzanillo . . 

2, 982 

2, 83k 

56 

62 

30 

Mayari.. . . . . .  . 

1,426 

56 

283 

1,073 

14 

Niquero - - - - 

473 

158 

14 

299 

2 

Palma  Soriano . 

2, 349 

156 

2,171 

22 

Pxterto  Padre . . . . 

3,355 

261 

319 

2;  737 

38 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

976 

2 

964 

10 

Sail  Luis . . . 

2,265 

430 

293 

1,519 

23 

Santiago  de  Cuba . . .  . 

8,024 

6,915 

111 

853 

145 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba . 

7,574 

6,915 

111 

404 

144 

The  province  . . .  . . 

59,218 

15,026 

4,260 

39, 106 

826 

520 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Table  XLIII. — Disposition  of  excreta. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


Province. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

Cesspool. 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 

stated. 

Habana . . . 

58,755 
25, 030 

29,892 
10, 86  fi 

12, 139 
12, 013 
843 

12, 634 
610 
16, 762 
21,6(3 
8,770 
32,209 
37,267 

4,090 

1,-542 

1,021 

701 

500 

City  of  Habana . . . . . . 

Matanzas  . . . . 

36; 143 
27, 887 
15, 325 
65, 396 
59, 218 

17,517 
5,563 
6,044 
30,  780 
20, 899 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . . . 

20 

Puerto  Principe . 

11 

Santa  Clara . . . . . 

475 

1, 932 
896 

Santiago . . . . 

156 

Cuba . . . . . 

262, 724 

110,695 

13,644 

129,245 

9, 140 

PROVINCE  OF 

HABANA. 

District. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

Cesspool. 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguacate  . . 

536 

344 

1 

21 

170 

Alquizar  . . . . . 

1,487 

308 

580 

673 

234 

Bainoa . . . . . . 

51 

256 

1 

Batabano . . . 

977 

618 

18 

315 

26 

Bauta  .  . . . . . . - . 

921 

454 

2 

452 

13 

Be]ucal  . .  . . . . . 

1,043 

755 

830 

1 

168 

44 

Cano  . . . . . 

238 

360 

157 

Casiguas  . . . - . - . 

189 

61 

128 

Catalina  . . . . - . 

551 

220 

274 

57 

Ceiba  del  Agua  . . . . 

383 

109 

245 

29 

Guanabacoa  _ _  _ _ _ 

3,672 
2, 56U 
316 

2,417 

2,119 

194 

17 

1,017 

247 

221 

City  of  Guanabacoa . . . 

13 

185 

Guara  . . . 

116 

6 

Guines . . . . 

2,268 
2,037 
26,002 
25, 030 

1,489 

7 

718 

54 

Guira  de  Melena . . . . 

776 

1 

928 

332 

Habana _ _ _ _ _ 

11,389 
10, 866 

12,029 

12,013 

5 

953 

1,631 

2,542 

11 

Ci ty  of  Ha bana . . . . 

610 

Isla  de  Pinos . . . . . 

546 

211 

319 

Jaruco _ _ _ 

835 

283 

1 

545 

6 

Madruga  .  . . . 

745 

466 

82 

197 

Managua . .  . . . . - 

468 

120 

1 

341 

6 

Marianao  .  .. . . . 

1,159 

624 

997 

23 

100 

39 

Melena  del  Sur  . . . . . 

375 

1 

158 

90 

Nueva  Paz  _ _ _ 

1,598 

187 

722 

2 

637 

237 

Pipian 

185 

2 

Quivican  . . . 

494 

369 

112 

13 

Regia _ _ _ _ _ 

1,707 

573 

1, 552 

11 

26 

118 

Salud _ _  .  . 

185 

379 

9 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas  .  .  _ 

365 

116 

4 

241 

4 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . . 

2,289 

412 

1,500 

257 

5 

693 

91 

San  Felipe  .  .  . 

153 

2 

San  .lose  de  las  Lajas 

880 

394 

451 

35 

San  Nicolas  . . . 

857 

381 

2 

445 

29 

Santa  C’ruz  del  Norte  . 

636 

230 

2 

393 

11 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . . 

544 

273 

1 

264 

6 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

1,620 

312 

1,336 

1 

220 

63 

Tapaste . . . . . 

32 

3 

270 

ty 

7 

Vereda  Nueva . 

459 

138 

1 

309 

n 

The  province . . 

58,755 

29,892 

12,139 

12,634 

4,090 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 

Alacranes . 

1,362 

1,879 

986 

371 

7 

913 

71 

Bolondron  . . 

764 

4 

1,097 

14 

Cabezas . . 

215 

653 

118 

Canasi . . . . . 

445 

147 

3 

294 

1 

Cardenas . _ . 

4,395 

4 ,007 
601 

3, 543 

134 

607 

111 

Ci  tyof  Cardenas . . . 

3, 505 

129 

266 

107 

Carlos  "Rojas . . . . 

175 

1 

419 

6 

Colon . . . 

2, 199 
976 

1,424 

311 

737 

38 

Cuevitas . . . 

1 

657 

7 

Guamacaro . . 

1,123 

1,104 

1,531 

964 

357 

6 

750 

10 

Jaguey  Grande . . . 

291 

3 

799 

11 

Jovelianos . . . 

1,016 

182 

6 

383 

129 

Macagua . 

744 

38 

Macuriges  . 

1,829 

1,708 

809 

986 

34 

Marti  . . . 

231 

5 

1,441 

31 

Matanzas . . . . . 

7. 561 

4, 9<X) 

4 ,526 

648 

1,787 

226 

Ci  ty  of  Ma  ta  nzas . 

5,820 

644 

44 2 

208 

DISPOSITION  OF  EXCRETA 


521 


Table  XLIII. — Disposition  of  excreta — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS-Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

Cesspool. 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 

stated. 

Maximo  Gomez . 

831 

288 

3 

524 

16 

Mendez  Capote . 

366 

43 

2 

317 

4 

Palmillas . . 

1,462 

467 

7 

965 

23 

Perico  . . . . . 

610 

385 

215 

10 

Roque . 

804 

135 

2 

576 

91 

Sabanilla  .  .  . 

975 

388 

580 

7 

San  Jose  de  Ios  Ramos . 

972 

411 

2 

548 

11 

Santa  Ana  . . 

565 

84 

6 

470 

5 

Union  de  Reyes . 

892 

580 

3 

300 

9 

The  province . 

36,143 

17,517 

843 

16, 762 

1,021 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

1,603 

647 

2 

810 

144 

Bahia  Honda . . 

433 

188 

226 

19 

Cabanas . . 

468 

50 

2 

410 

6 

Candelaria . 

989 

321 

608 

60 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

1,158 

69 

1 

1,074 

14 

Consolacion  del  Sur . . . 

2,573 

434 

1 

2.097 

41 

Guanajay . 

1,408 

984 

375 

49 

Guane . . . . 

2,439 

81 

2.311 

47 

3 

Guayabal.. . . . 

'487 

161 

1 

322 

Julian  Diaz . . . . . 

359 

111 

241 

7 

Los  Palacios . . . . 

468 

110 

355 

3 

Mantua . . 

1,444 

48 

1 

1,372 

23 

Mariel  . . 

660 

303 

335 

22 

Pinar  del  Rio . . . . 

5,706 

1,144 

9 

4,454 

99 

City  of  Pinar  del  Rio . 

1,172 

1,106 

3 

21 

52 

San  Cristobal . . . 

767 

135 

1 

613 

18 

San  D*ego  de  los  Banos . . . . 

408 

49 

1 

322 

38 

San  Diego  de  Nunez . . . 

255 

8 

246 

1 

San  Juan  y  Martinez . 

2,310 

289 

1 

1,974 

46. 

San  Luis . 

1.232 

188 

1,021 

23 

Vinales . 

2,720 

243 

2,437 

40 

The  province . 

27,887 

5,563 

20 

21,603 

701 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila. . 

Moron . 

Nuevitas . 

Puerto  Principe . 

City  of  Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

The  province . 


1,633 

527 

5 

1,082 

19 

1,430 

300 

1,121 

9 

1,755 

1,236 

5 

481 

33 

9,651 

3, 769 

1 

5, 465 

416 

4,  861 

3,375 

1 

1,268 

217 

856 

212 

621 

23 

15,325 

6,044 

11 

8,770 

500 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . . 

Caibarien . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuani . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

City  of  Cienfueqos. ...... 

Cifuentes . . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza  . 

Palmira . 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

City  of  Sagua  la  Grande 
San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. 


715 

346 

3 

356 

10 

1,667 

1,276 

14 

335 

42 

2,546 

585 

8 

1 , 922 

31 

2. 467 

1,056 

3 

1,383 

25 

993 

213 

1 

765 

14 

1,290 

386 

4 

817 

83 

10, 127 

6,437 

213 

3,328 

149 

5, 967 

4 ,592 

200 

112 

63 

726 

295 

4 

116 

311 

1,624 

1,174 

6 

419 

25 

1,509 

364 

5 

1,117 

23 

1,218 

851 

2 

342 

23 

2,124 

830 

5 

1,259 

30 

1,684 

312 

5 

1,350 

17 

1,298 

239 

3 

1,032 

24 

1,024 

595 

3 

319 

107 

1,688 

759 

4 

897 

28 

4, 109 

2,850 

117 

841 

301 

2,588 

2,223 

105 

126 

35 

2, 103 

409 

1 

1,638 

55 

522 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Table  XLIII. — Disposition  of  excreta — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA-Continued. 

[Figures  in  italic  are  included  in  those  for  the  province  or  district.] 


District. 

Occupied 

dwellings. 

Cesspool. 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 

stated. 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

5,086 

2,482 

3 

2,538 

63 

City  of  Sancti  Spiritus . 

2,637 

2, 153 

3 

k 37 

Uk 

San  Diego  del  Valle . . 

1,000 

110 

878 

12 

San  Fernando . . . 

1,087 

247 

13 

818 

9 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

1.059 

159 

887 

13 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . . . 

2,887 

1,678 

6 

937 

266 

Santa  Clara . 

5,379 

2, 196 

34 

3,028 

121 

Citu  of  Santa  Clara . 

2,7  k 5 

2,073 

32 

590 

50 

Santa  isabel  de  las  Lajas . 

1,704 

976 

9 

703 

16 

Santo  Domingo. . . . 

2,064 

640 

1 

1,384 

39 

Trinidad . . . . . 

4,571 

2,598 

4 

1.895 

74 

City  of  Trinidad . . . 

2, 185 

2, 102 

2 

51 

SO 

Yaguajay . 

1,647 

717 

4 

905 

21 

The  province . 

65, 396 

30,780 

475 

32,209 

1,932 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


Alto  Songo  . . . . . . . . 

2,473 

3,929 

3,752 

342 

1 

2,108 

3,111 

3, 163 
800 

22 

Baracoa _ _ _ _ _ . 

770 

6 

42 

Bayamo.  - . . . . . 

532 

1 

56 

Cam  pechuela . _ . 

L 149 

333 

1 

15 

Caney  . . . . . . 

L612 

2,063 

251 

495 

7 

1,095 

1,865 

83 

15 

Cobre  . .  . - . . 

178 

20 

Cristo . . . . . . 

161 

r» 

/ 

Gibara . - . 

5,327 

5,856 

6,087 

1,808 

6,043 

2,982 

1.426 

2, 156 
2,352 

31 

3,037 

3,362 

4,695 

1,605 

2,981 

152 

103 

Guantanamo _ _ _ _ _ 

11 

131 

Holguin  . . . 

1.322 

70 

Jiguani . 

196 

1 

6 

Manzanillo . . . . 

2,964 

2,787 

90 

12 

86 

City  of  Manzanillo  ..  .  _ _ _ 

11 

. 

32 

Mayari . . . . . 

1,319 

311 

17 

Niquero .  . - . - _ 

473 

157 

3 

2 

Palma  Soriano  __  -  .  _ 

2,349 

267 

2,058 

2,611 

704 

24 

Puerto  Padre _ _ 

3,355 

976 

703 

2 

39 

Sagna  de  Tanamo  _ _ _ 

225 

47 

San  Luis  .. . . . . 

2,265 

610 

O 

1,629 

730 

24 

Santiago  de  Cuba . . . 

8,024 
7,57  k 

7,046 

7,045 

78 

170 

City  of  Santiago  de  Cuba . 

78 

282 

169 

The  province . . 

59,218 

20,899 

156 

37,267 

896 

NATIVE  AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS 


AGKICULTURE. 


523 


AGRICULTURE. 

The  statistics  of  agriculture  were  collected  by  the  enumerators  of 
population  on  special  schedules  prepared  for  the  purpose.  Much 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  visiting  the  farms  and  plantations,  and 
more  in  obtaining  the  information  required,  as  many  of  them  had  been 
abandoned  since  early  in  the  war,  and  the  occupants  of  others  knew 
but  little  of  the  metes  and  bounds  of  the  area  under  cultivation 
or  the  amount  uncleared.  Inquiries  of  neighbors,  such  a  prolific 
source  of  rural  census  facts  in  closely  settled  communities,  could  not 
be  made  where  neighbors  did  not  exist,  or  where  they  were  inaccessi¬ 
ble  because  of  impassable  streams  and  ravines.  In  many  instances 
the  enumerators  were  compelled  to  travel  miles  beyond  ordinary 
limits,  only  to  find  devastation  and  uninhabited  ruins.  Another  cause 
tending  to  complicate  the  schedules  and  pervert  the  facts  was  the 
large  number  of  small  parcels  into  which  many  of  the  farms  and  plan¬ 
tations  had  been  divided,  so  as  to  avoid  the  taxes  levied  even  on  the 
smallest  subdivision  ($5),  and  the  relatively  large  number  of  tenants 
or  owners  whose  occupancy  was  purely  nominal  or  temporary,  and 
who  were  unable  to  answer  questions.  However,  by  dint  of  perse¬ 
verance  these  and  other  difficulties  were  surmounted,  and  the  sched¬ 
ules  were  all  returned,  though  many  of  them  were  more  or  less 
defective. 

Cuba  is  essentially  an  agricultural  country,  and  prior  to  the  last  war 
there  were  nearly  a  hundred  thousand  (90,960)  plantations,  farms, 
orchards,  and  cattle  ranges,  valued  at  220,000,000  pesos  ($200,000,000). 
Of  manufactories  there  were  practically  none,  if  we  except  the  cigar 
factories  and  the  sugar  mills,  producing  raw  sugar,  molasses,  and 
rum. 

In  early  colonial  days  the  principal  industry  was  cattle  raising, 
very  little  attention  being  paid  to  agriculture  for  two  hundred  and  fifty 
years  after  the  settlement  of  the  island.  The  chief  agricultural  prod¬ 
ucts  of  Cuba  are  sugar,  tobacco,  and  fruit,  although  the  cultivation 
of  oranges  for  exportation  has  been  generally  abandoned  since  the 
development  of  orange  cultivation  in  Florida  and  California.  Very 
little  more  coffee  is  cultivated  than  is  required  for  home  consumption, 
although  it  was  once  a  promising  industry.  The  soil  and  climate  of  the 
eastern  provinces  are  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  coffee  berry  and 
it  is  said  to  equal  in  flavor  the  best  coffee  of  the  West  India  Islands.  No 
doubt  coffee  culture  will  again  be  revived  and  extensively  developed, 
and  we  may  expect  in  Cuba  a  rival  in  the  cultivation  of  oranges, 
limes,  lemons,  olives,  pineapples,  cocoanuts,  and  many  other  fruits, 
and  all  kinds  of  vegetables,  the  latter  being  of  almost  perennial 
growth,  as  in  California,  where  one  crop  succeeds  another. 

Oranges  will  grow  everywhere,  and  are  unrivaled  in  flavor,  deli- 


524 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


cacy,  and  the  amount  of  juice.  While  the  banana  is  also  found  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  island,  the  largest  and  best  banana  farms  are 
said  to  be  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago,  where,  before  the  last 
war,  they  were  raised  in  large  quantities  and  shipped  to  the  United 
States. 

Of  all  her  agricultural  products  the  leading  ones,  and  those  on  which 
the  wealth  of  Cuba  has  mainly  depended,  are  sugar  and  tobacco. 

SUGAR. 

Velasquez,  the  first  lieutenant-governor  of  Cuba,  is  said  to  have 
introduced  the  sugar  cane  in  1523,  although  its  cultivation  was  quite 
limited  for  many  years.  At  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
with  a  population  in  the  neighborhood  of  50,000,  Cuba  had  100  sugar 
plantations,  with  an  average  product  of  about  100  tons  each. 

The  removal  of  trade  restrictions  which  followed  the  British  occu¬ 
pation  of  the  island,  and  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  slave 
trade,  gave  an  impetus  to  the  production  of  sugar,  which  in  1817 
amounted  to  about  70,000  tons.  In  1830  this  had  increased  to  about 
90,000  tons,  in  1840  to  200,000  tons,  and  in  1850  to  300,000  tons,  or 
about  one-fourth  of  the  largest  crop  produced  since. 

In  the  meantime  many  improvements  had  been  made  in  the  mode  of 
culture  of  cane  and  the  manufacture  of  raw  sugar  by  the  use  of  steam 
power  and  the  introduction  of  machinery  of  all  kinds,  including  fur¬ 
naces,  clarifiers,  cane  carriers,  and  railroad  engines  and  cars,  and  miles 
of  track  through  the  fields  for  the  transfer  of  the  cane  to  the  mills. 
With  the  removal  of  excessive  duties  and  trade  restrictions  of  all 
kinds,  further  improvements  will  no  doubt  be  introduced,  and  in 
this  way  the  cost  of  cultivation  sensibly  diminished. 

Sugar  cane  is  reproduced  from  cuttings,  and  takes  about  18  months 
to  mature'.  If  the  roots  are  not  damaged  in  harvesting,  the  yield  will 
continue  from  5  to  25  years,  and  Humboldt  mentions  a  cane  field 
on  the  Matamoros  plantation  which,  in  1804,  had  been  planted  45 
years. 

The  crops  vary  from  forty  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  arrobas  per 
caballeria,  or  from  12  to  50  tons  per  acre,  and  the  cane  contains  from  13  per  cent 
sugar  in  December  to  18  per  cent  in  March  and  April,  so  the  aim  is  to  begin  the 
cutting  as  late  as  practicable.  The  grinding  season  lasts  from  December  1  to 
May  15.  Very  Tittle  manuring  has  been  done,  and  but  few  fields  are  thoroughly 
cleaned,  plowed,  and  prepared  for  the  cane.  No  irrigation  works  exist,  and  no 
trials  have  yet  been  made  to  determine  the  kind  of  cane  best  suited  to  the  soil  and 
climate. 1 

As  showing  the  effects  of  the  recent  war  and  the  present  state  of 
sugar  cultivation  in  Cuba,  the  following  extracts  from  a  report  on  the 
commercial  and  industrial  condition  of  Cuba  made  by  the  lion. 
Robert  P.  Porter,  special  commissioner  from  the  United  States  to 


'Report  of  the  British  consul-general  at  Habana.  in  Ciarks  Commercial  Cuba. 


CENTRAL  AND  CANE  FIELD,  SANTA  CLARA. 


AGRICULTURE. 


525 


Cuba  in  1898,  are  presented  as  being  practically  a  history  of  sugar 
production  in  the  island.  Mr.  Porter  had  ample  opportunity  to 
investigate  the  subject,  and  the  statements  embodied  in  his  report  are 
from  persons  of  wide  experience  in  the  cultivation  and  manufacture 
of  sugar. 

Mr.  Porter  says: 

With  millions  of  acres  of  the  richest  and  best  cane  land  on  the  globe  yet 
untouched  by  the  plow,  with  a  climate  unsurpassed  for  the  growth  and  develop¬ 
ment  of  sugar  cane,  and  with  a  prestige  for  Cuban  sugar  second  to  none  in  the 
markets  of  the  world,  the  future  of  Cuba’s  sugar  presents  a  possibility  of  wealth 
surpassing  the  richness  of  the  gold  and  silver  which  came  to  Columbus  in  the 
marvelous  tales  of  the  interior  of  the  magnificent  island  which  he  bad  discovered. 

Recurring  to  the  effect  of  the  rebellion  of  1895-1898  on  the  sugar  industry,  it  is 
appalling  to  contemplate  the  dreadful  decrease  in  the  country’s  chief  source  of 
wealth  and  income  to  the  government,  as  well  as  to  the  individual.  In  1894  the 
output  was  1,054,214  tons,  and  the  following  year,  under  the  first  touch  of  war 
and  its  alarms,  the  crop  dropped  off  50,000  tons,  though  it  remained  still  above 
the  million.  This  was  the  second  year  in  Cuban  sugar  history  that  the  million 
mark  was  passed.  In  1896  the  war  was  raging  all  over  the  island,  and  with  the 
Spaniards  on  one  side  taking  men  and  cattle  and  the  insurgents  on  the  other 
burning  cane  and  buildings  and  stealing  stock,  the  sugar  planter  was  utterly 
obliterated  in  some  sections,  and  so  badly  crippled  in  others  that  the  output 
reached  only  225,221  tons — the  lowest  figure  known  in  fifty  years.  Nor  was  this 
astonishing  decrease  a  matter  of  gradual  accomplishment,  permitting  the  country, 
the  business,  and  the  people  to  accommodate  themsel  ves  to  the  changed  conditions, 
but  it  happened  almost  in  a  night,  and  an  income  from  sugar  of  $80,000,000 
a  year  dwindled  on  the  instant  to  $16,000,000,  a  loss  of  $64,000,000  at  once  as  the 
result  of  Spanish  mismanagement. 

As  a  cane-sugar  producing  country,  nature  has  made  Cuba  superior  to  any  com¬ 
petitor  which  may  appear;  but  all  sugar  does  not  come  from  cane,  and  since  1840, 
when  the  first  record  of  beet  sugar  appeared,  with  50,000  tons  for  the  year’s  out¬ 
put  for  the  world,  as  against  1,100,000  tons  of  cane  sugar,  about  200,000  tons  of 
which  was  raised  in  Cuba,  the  sugar  growers  of  the  island  have  had  their  only 
dangerous  rival.  Beginning  with  the  small  production  of  50,000  tons  in  1840, 
principally  grown  in  France,  the  beet-sugar  production  increased  rapidly  in 
Europe,  reaching  200,000  tons  in  1850,  400,000  tons  in  1860,  900,000  tons  in  1870, 
1,860,000  tons  in  1880,  and  in  1894  going  to  3,841,000  tons.  Cane  sugar  in  the  mean¬ 
time  only  increased  from  1,100,000  to  2,960,000  metric  tons.  Cuba  in  1895  only 
produced  100,000  tons  less  than  the  world's  entire  output  of  all  kinds  of  sugar  in 
1840.  The  total  output  of  beet  and  cane  sugars  in  1893-94  was  6,801,000  metric- 
tons.  The  United  States  in  1894  produced  272,838  tons  of  cane  sugar,  20,219  tons 
beet  sugar,  394  tons  sorghum  sugar,  and  3,408  tons  of  maple  sugar. 

With  the  growth  of  sugar  production  in  Cuba  have  come  newer  and  better 
methods;  and  whereas  in  1825  the  largest  plantations  rarely  exceed  1,500  acres  in 
extent,  producing  only  350  tons  per  year,  with  a  total  value  of  land,  buildings, 
machinery,  stock,  and  slaves,  of,  say,  $500,000,  with  aggregate  revenue  of,  say, 
$60,000,  and  expenses  of  $30,000,  leaving  a  profit  of  $30,000.  In  these  later  times 
there  are  plantations  of  25,000  acres,  representing  an  investment  of  $2,000,000, 
with  an  annual  revenue  of  $1,000,000,  expenses,  say,  of  $800,000,  leaving  a  profit  of 
$200,000  per  year.  Contrasting  the  earlier  figures  with  these  later  estimates,  a 
profit  of  10  per  cent  is  shown  in  1894  as  against  6  per  cent  in  1825. 


526 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Statement  of  Mr.  E.  F.  Atkins. 

The  total  output  of  sugar  in  the  world  was  for  some  years  in  excess  of  the  require¬ 
ments  for  consumption.  This  overproduction,  and  consequent  accumulation  of 
stocks,  brought  prices  down  to  a  point  which,  in  all  probability,  was  considerably 
below  the  average  cost  of  production. 

Germany,  as  the  largest  sugar-producing  country,  naturally  fixes  the  market 
prices  of  the  world.  The  refiner  in  New  York  will  pay  no  more  for  sugars  to  be 
shipped  from  Habana  than  the  equivalent  of  the  price  at  which  he  can  buy  at 
Hamburg;  difference  of  freight,  duties,  bounties,  and  quality,  of  course,  considered. 

The  present  average  cost  of  production  of  German  raw  sugar  is  said  to  be  about 
9  shillings  per  1 12  pounds.  At  this  figure  the  existing  bounty  upon  exports  would 
allow  sales  for  shipment  to  England,  where  no  duty  is  paid,  as  low  as  8  shillings 
($1.71)  per  112  pounds  for  88  analysis  beets;  this,  allowing  for  difference  in  values  of 
the  two  grades,  would  bee  i  ui  valent  to  $1.89  United  States  currency  for  96  test  Cuba 
centrifugals  under  like  conditions,  viz,  f.  o.  b.  at  port  of  shipment,  for  any  country 
such  as  England,  where  the  two  grades  enter  upon  equal  terms. 

The  effect  of  our  countervailing  duty  assessed  upon  bounty-fed  sugars  under 
the  Dingley  act  of  1897  has  been  to  raise  the  comparative  value  of  cane  sugar  in 
producing  countries  as  against  beet  sugar,  and  to  place  Germany  and  other 
European  sugar  countries  in  exactly  the  same  position,  as  far  as  the  United  States 
market  is  concerned,  as  if  no  bounties  were  paid  by  them:  thus,  in  considering 
Germany's  competition  with  Cuba  in  the  United  States  market,  we  may  eliminate 
both  bounties  and  countervading  duties  as  factors  and  say  that  when  Germany 
can  sell  to  England  at  8  shillings  she  must  obtain  9  shillings  from  the  United 
States  to  give  her  shippers  an  equal  price;  9  shillings  is  equivalent  to  about  $2.18 
United  States  currency,  for  Cuba  centrifugals.  96  test  f.  o.  b.  Cuba. 

The  export  price  of  German  sugar  at  Hamburg  from  January  1  to  June  1, 1898 
(a  period  covering  the  Cuban  sugar  crop  season),  ranged  from  9s.  to  9s.  9d.,  with 
an  average  of  about  9s.  41  d. 

Last  crop  prices  gave  the  Cuban  manufacturers  an  average  of  about  44  reals 
per  arroba — say,  2}  cents  Spanish  gold — a  price  at  which  they  could  be  laid  down 
in  New  York,  slightly  under  the  parity  of  European  beets,  duty  paid. 

The  imports  of  beet  sugar  from  Europe  into  the  United  States  from  January  1 
to  June  1,  1898.  were  22.000  tons,  against  496.000  for  same  period  of  previous 
years,  while  imports  of  cane  sugars  showed  an  increase  of  some  60.000  tons,  this 
change  in  source  of  supply  being  brought  about  by  the  countervailing  duty. 

It  is  not  possible  to  give  any  figures  of  the  average  cost  of  production  in  Cuba. 
In  my  opinion  it  is  undoubtedly  higher  than  the  average  of  Germany. 

Of  the  21  cents  net  obtained  by  the  Cuban  manufacturers  the  cane  (which  is 
generally  purchased  upon  its  sliding  scale  1  ased  upon  the  current  value  of  sugar) 
costs  them  from  1  to  II  cents  per  pound  of  sugar,  according  to  yie’d  at  various 
factories.  This  would  leave  them  but  a  little  over  1  cent  per  pound  average 
margin  to  cover  manufacturing  expenses,  salaries,  maintenance  and  repairs, 
office  expenses,  interest,  insurance,  and  freight  to  seaboard:  and  while  some  facto¬ 
ries.  thoroughly  equipped  as  regards  machinery,  skillfully  conducted  as  to  busi¬ 
ness  management,  favorab’y  located  regarding  inland  transportation,  and  not 
dependent  upon  borrowed  capital,  have  shown  fair  interest  returns  upon  capital 
invested,  very  many  have  been  operated  at  a  loss,  aside  from  such  losses  as  avose 
from  the  war.  and  the  margin  of  profit,  both  past  and  prospective,  is  not  such  as 
invite  any  large  investment  of  new  capital  in  sugar  manufacturing. 

The  future  values  of  sugar  in  Cuba  are  dependent,  not  upon  the  cost  of  produc¬ 
tion  in  that  island,  but  rather  upon  the  cost  in  Germany  and  to  the  extent  to 
which  free  sugars  are  to  be  admitted  into  the  United  States  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philippines. 


CUTTING  AND  STRIPPING  CANE. 


AGRICULTURE. 


527 


With  new  capital  and  skill  the  average  cost  of  production  in  Cuba  can  be  reduced, 
and  with  either  free  sugars  or  a  uniform  rate  of  duty  in  the  United  States  assessed 
upon  all  sugars  (a  countervailing  duty  to  offset  foreign  bounties  always  main¬ 
tained),  she  can  hold  her  own  and  recover  her  prestige  as  a  sugar-producing  coun¬ 
try,  but  the  margin  of  profit  in  sugar  manufacturing  is  so  small  and  the  world's 
capacity  for  production  so  great  that  Cuba  can  not  recover  her  prosperity  in  the 
face  of  any  advantage  to  be  given  to  sugars  from  other  countries  entering  the 
United  States. 

At  current  prices  in  Cuba,  cane  is  worth  to  the  planter  the  equivalent  of  $2 
($2.50  per  net  ton),  out  of  which  price  he  must  pay  for  his  planting  and  cultiva¬ 
tion,  cutting,  and  delivery  to  the  factory  or  nearest  railroad  point.  As  the  cost  of 
cane  production  consists  almost  entirely  of  labor  and  wages  in  Cuba,  and  for  some 
years  previous  to  the  insurrection  ranged  about  the  same  in  Spanish  gold  a3  similar 
work  commanded  in  the  United  States,  the  profits  in  this  branch  of  the  industry 
have  not  been  great,  and  have  been  dependent  upon  skill  in  management,  quality 
of  lands,  and  proximity  to  the  factories. 

The  supply  of  labor  and  rates  of  wages  in  the  future  are  now  most  serious  ques¬ 
tions  to  the  sugar  producer  in  Cuba,  and  present  the  greatest  obstacle  to  reducing 
cost. 

For  supplies  of  cane  the  manufacturer  must  depend  either  upon  his  own 
resources  or  upon  large  planters. 

Factories  to  be  operated  at  a  profit  should  be  kept  running  day  and  night,  and 
cane,  owing  to  its  nature,  must  be  ground  immediately  it  is  cut. 

The  grinding  season  in  Cuba  is  limited  to  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  work¬ 
ing  days,  and  small  farmers,  while  they  can  generally  find  a  market  for  their  cane, 
can  not  be  depended  upon  for  a  constant  regular  supply. 

Had  Cuba  the  power  to  dictate  her  own  prices  she  could  maintain  sufficient 
margin  to  overcome  local  difficulties,  but  that  power  has  long  since  passed  and 
future  profits  must  be  dependent  upon  her  economies. 

The  price  of  cane  to  her  planters  is  dependent  upon  the  price  at  which  her  man¬ 
ufacturers  can  sell  their  sugar,  and  this  price  in  turn  is  dependent  upon  the  figures 
at  which  other  sugar-producing  countries  (principally  Germany,  the  great  factor 
in  the  world's  sugar  trade)  can  place  their  goods,  duty  pa  d,  in  New  York. 

If  Cuba  in  the  future  should  have  to  compete  to  any  extent  in  the  United  States 
with  free  sugar  from  other  countries,  while  a  duty  was  exacted  upon  Cuban 
sugars,  her  case  would  seem  to  be  hopeless. 

STATEMENT  OF  MR.  WILLIAM  BONNET,  OF  HABANA. 

It  was  only  after  the  loss  of  Mexico  to  Spain  that  Cuba  began  to  improve  her 
general  production,  and  the  efforts  of  the  country  in  growing  sugar  and  coffee 
were  so  successful  that  a  few  years  later,  with  the  help  of  slaves  that  were  again 
freely  brought  from  Africa,  and  with  the  cooperation  of  immigrants  that  had 
come  from  Haiti,  etc.,  the  island,  besides  covering  all  her  expenses,  was  able  to 
send  large  amounts  of  money  to  the  mother  country. 

From  1840  up  to  1850  the  production  of  sugar  increased  gradually  from  200,000 
to  about  300,000  tons.  Prices  of  coffee  began  to  decline,  owing  to  excess  of  pro¬ 
duction  and  competition  of  Brazil,  and  all  the  attention  was  given  to  cane  grow¬ 
ing,  so  much  so  that  from  1853  up  to  1868  the  production  was  rapidly  increased  to 
the  following  figures: 


Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

1853 . 

322,000 
374, 000 
392,000 
348,  (XX) 

1857 . 

355,000 

385,000 

536,000 

447,000 

1861.. . 

466,000 

525,000 

507,000 

575,000 

1865  . 

620,  (XX) 
612,  (XX) 
597,  (XX) 
749.000 

1854 . 

1858 

1862. 

1866 . 

1867.. . 

1855  . . 

1859. . 

1863 . 

1856  . . 

1860 . 

1864.  .. 

1868 . 

528 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


This  period  of  sixteen  years  was  really  the  so-called  golden  age  of  Cuba.  The 
Caban  people  budgets,  although  very  heavy  at  that  time,  were  easily  covered,  and 
on  this  account  extra  taxes  were  imposed  upon  the  Cuban  people  in  excess  of  * 
what  the  budgets  called  for  and  remitted  to  the  mother  country,  such  extra  sums 
reaching  as  high  as  $5,000,000  per  annum— an  erroneous  and  fatal  system,  the 
consequence  of  a  mistaken  policy,  which  then  as  ever  led  Spain  to  consider  her 
colony  as  a  source  of  income,  forgetting  that  such  excessive  calls,  constantly 
resulting  in  a  deficit,  clearly  indicate  bad  administration. 

Cuba  was  overtaxed,  and  nothing  was  done  to  attend  and  help  the  growing 
development  of  our  fertile  island.  In  vain  did  the  Cubans  lay  their  claims  for 
better  administration.  The  mother  country  was  deaf.  Commissioners  went  to 
Madrid  to  represent,  but  they  had  to  return,  only  bringing  back  many  promises 
that  were  never  fulfilled.  No  hopes  were  left  to  the  Cubans,  and  all  these  obsti¬ 
nate  errors  brought  on  the  outbreak  of  1868,  which  resulted  in  a  civil  war  that 
lasted  ten  years,  ending  in  1878  with  the  so-called  agreement  of  El  Zanjon. 

The  war  at  first  was  not  a  drawback  to  sugar  production,  and  the  crops  gathered 
during  the  ten  years’  war  were: 


Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

1869 1  . 

726,000 
726, 000 
547. 000 

1873 . 

775,000 

681,000 

718,000 

1876 . 

590,000 

520,000 

533,000 

1870 1 

1874. . 

1877 . 

1871 2 

1875 . 

1878 . 

wa . 

690.000 

1  Called  the  twin  crops.  2  The  hurricanes  of  October,  1870,  were  the  cause  of  the  short  crop. 


It  is  to  be  noticed  that  during  the  period  of  war  the  sugar  production  continued 
to  increase  at  first— say,  from  1869  to  1875.  Highly  remunerative  prices  were 
obtained  then  for  sugar:  besides,  from  1869  to  1870,  $70,000,000  in  paper  money 
was  issued,  and  money  was  easy. 

From  1876  to  1878  the  production  rapidly  decreased.  Mismanagement,  enor¬ 
mous  taxes  to  attend  war  expenses,  and  depreciation  of  paper  money  brought  on 
natural  distrust  and  financial  troubles.  And  with  all  this  the  emancipation  of 
slaves  was  carried  through  at  that  time,  and  without  compensation  of  any  kind 
to  owners. 

Prices  of  sugar  up  to  the  year  1880  were  still  quite  remunerative  (4  to  44  cents 
per  pound,  centrifugals.  96  test),  but  the  competition  of  beet  sugars  in  Europe 
began  to  be  felt  more  and  more  every  day,  causing  a  lower  tendency  toward  the 
crisis  in  prices  of  the  article,  which  finally  reached  a  value  of  only  50  per  cent  of 
its  former  quotation. 

Under  such  difficulties  Cuba  struggled  hard  The  Cuban  army  that  was  dis¬ 
banded  after  the  war,  and  many  persons  that  had  come  to  town  for  safely,  went 
back  to  work  their  fields  and  become  a  new  contingent  of  cane  growers.  The  sys¬ 
tem  of  cane  colonies  was  started  all  over  with  marked  success.  Canes  were  sold 
to  the  mills  at  quite  remunerative  prices  and  fresh  impulse  was  imparted  to  the 
country. 

In  spite  of  all  these  efforts  Spain  persisted  in  considering  her  colony  as  a  source 
of  income.  Our  deputies  to  the  Cortes  went  full  of  faith,  but  they  came  back 
fruitless,  as  always.  The  same  mistaken  policy  that  ruled  Cuba  before  was  con¬ 
tinued  as  ever,  and  the  outbreak  of  February  24,  1895,  was  the  inevitable  result. 

The  crops  gathered  from  1879  to  this  year  were: 


Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

Year. 

Tons. 

1879 

670.000 

530,000 

493,000 

595.000 

460,397 

1884  . 

558,937 
631,000 
731,723 
646, 578 
656. 719 

1889  . 

660.333 
632, 36s 
816. 980 
976,960 
815,894 

1894 . 

1.054,214 
1,004,264 
225  ‘**1 
212,051 
*300,000 

1880 . 

1881 

1885 

1890 

1895 . 

1886 . 

1891 . 

1896 . 

1882 

1887 . 

1892 . 

1897 . 

1883 

1888 . 

1893 . 

1898 . 

1  About. 


TRANSFERRING  CANE  TO  SUGAR  MILL. 


AGRICULTURE. 


529 


Notice  the  decrease  in  the  production  in  the  year  1896.  We  could  have  ground 
that  year  more  than  1,100,000  tons  of  sugar  had  it  not  been  for  the  war. 

The  amount  of  the  coming  crop  will  depend  on  the  greater  celerity  that  is  to  be 
given  to  the  so-wished-for  political  change.  Any  delay  will  be  of  prejudice  to  all 
our  producers.  The  proper  season  for  cleaning  cane  fields  has  already  vanished, 
and,  besides,  cattle  are  badly  wanted  and  very  scarce.  Training  for  working 
purposes  requires  time. 

If  peace  becomes  a  fact,  and  all  the  available  cane  is  ground,  I  would  say  that 
500,000  tons  might  be  reached. 

Now,  I  will  call  your  attention  to  the  distribution  of  our  crops  these  few  years 


back: 

Cron  of  1893  (815,894  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Tons. 

Exported  to  United  States . .. ... . . . .  680,  642 

Exported  to  Canada  .  - . . . — . —  25,069 

Exported  to  Spain .  . _ . . . -  -  -  9, 448 

Exported  to  England . . . . . .  3,  045 

Local  consumption  during  whole  year . .  50,  000 

Crop  of  1894  (1,054,214  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States . . . . . .  965,  524 

Exported  to  Canada . . . . .  24, 372 

Exported  to  Spain . . . .  23,  295 

Exported  to  England _ _ _ . .  10.528 

Local  consumption  whole  year .  . .  . .  50, 000 

Crop  of  1895  (1,004,264  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States . . . . . . 769,  958 

Exported  to  Canada . . . . . . . . .  28, 324 

Exported  to  Spain  . . . . . . . .  28,428 

Exported  to  England . . . . .  5,  674 

Local  consumption  whole  year . . . . .  50, 000 

Crop  of  1896  (225,231  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States . . . . .  235, 659 

Exported  to  Spain . . . . .  9,969 

Local  consumption  whole  year . . . .  40, 000 

Crop  of  1897  (212,051  tons  of  2,240  pounds): 

Exported  to  United  States  . . . . . .  202, 703 

Exported  to  N assau . .  . . .  83 

Exported  to  Spain . . . . . .  . .  1, 337 

Local  consumption  whole  year. . . . .  .  38, 000 


The  stock  of  sugar  left  in  store  on  December  1,  1897,  was  1,888  tons,  the  smallest 
stock  held  at  an  equal  date  since  several  years. 

Statement  of  Mr.  P.  M.  Beal,  Manager  of  the  G-uabairo  Colonia. 

In  1889,  when  preparations  for  cane  farming  were  commenced,  the  Guabairo 
was  mostly  impenetrable  forest  and  not  a  building  of  any  kind  existed.  The 
working  peoxde  slept  under  a  cart  until  temporary  palm-leaf  huts  could  be  con¬ 
structed  to  shelter  them.  At  this  time  the  Guabairo  proper  contained  1,333  acres. 
Later  some  1,100  acres  were  hired  or  bought,  and  the  colonia  increased  in  area  to 
about  2,433  acres,  of  which  in  1895,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  insurrection,  1,100 
acres  were  planted  with  cane,  and  the  rest  was  pasture,  woods,  and  waste  lands. 

PRODUCTION. 

In  1895,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  insurrection,  the  1,100  acres  under  cane  cul¬ 
tivation  produced  about  2,500,000  arrobas;  and,  aside  from  this,  a  sufficient  quan- 
2T662 - 3T 


530 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


titv  of  corn  and  vegetables  were  grown  for  all  the  requirements  of  the  colonia,  so 
we  never  had  to  purchase. 

LABOR. 

From  the  1st  of  December  to  the  1st  of  June  an  average  of  about  350  people 
were  employed.  Of  these  10  per  cent  were  Canary  Islanders  or  Spaniards,  10  per 
cent  negro  women  and  boys  (white  women  do  no  field  work),  20  per  cent  native 
whites,  and  about  60  per  cent  negroes  and  mulattoes.  From  the  1st  of  June  to 
the  1st  of  December  an  average  of  about  150  were  employed.  Women  do  no  field 
work  during  this  period. 

During  harvest  I  give  the  negro  women  preference,  and  pay  them  the  same 
salaries  as  the  best  male  labor.  They  are  the  most  constant,  their  work  is  usually 
well  done,  and  each  one  keeps  her  man  straight,  which  is  quite  an  appreciable 
item. 

Next,  I  prefer  the  negro.  He  is,  as  a  rule,  a  more  constant  worker  than  either 
the  native  white  or  mulatto,  the  most  of  whom  are  addicted  to  gambling,  and 
they  can  not  be  depended  on  from  one  day  to  another. 

For  stowing  cane  on  the  cars,  plowing,  ditching,  road  repairing,  and  railroad 
work.  Canary  Islanders  and  Spaniards  are  preferable.  They  are  more  used  to  this 
kind  of  work,  are  more  constant,  and  have  less  vices. 

For  cane  cutting,  carting,  planting,  and  cultivating,  native  labor— in  particular 
negro  labor — is  preferable,  because,  being  experts,  the  work  progresses  more 
rapidly,  the  cane  plant  suffers  less  injury,  resulting  in  more  remunerative  returns, 
and  its  life  is  prolonged,  which  is  a  big  item  to  the  farmer.  They  are  also  much 
less  addicted  to  smoking  in  the  field,  and  danger  from  this  source  is  materially 
reduced;  but.  as  a  rule,  they  are  dishonest  and  untruthful  in  the  extreme,  and 
this  is  general  and  applies  both  to  whites  and  blacks,  the  latter  being  champions. 
Canary  Islanders  and  Spaniards  are  cigarette  smokers,  and  they  are  dangerous  in 
the  cane  fields. 

At  the  present  time  labor  is  very  poor  and  very  much  demoralized.  Many  of 
the  abler  men  are  in  the  insurrection;  a  great  number  of  those  remaining  have 
witnessed  mothers,  wives,  and  children  dying  a  lingering  death  from  hunger. 
Some  could  obtain  work  for  their  food,  while  others  earned  a  salary  of  from  $6  to 
S8  per  month  in  depreciated  Spanish  silver,  provisions  being  high,  and  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  increased  taxes  on  meat  and  other  necessaries  until  these  poor  people, 
bent  down  by  great  sorrow,  seeing  no  help  for  them  and  being  very  ignorant,  gave 
up  in  despair  and  became  indifferent. 

During  the  past  crop  as  well  as  at  the  present  time  I  employ  a  considerable 
number  of  Asiatics,  but  many  of  these  are  opium  smokers  and  much  debilitated, 
and  we  calculate  on  60  per  cent  only  being  at  work,  while  4.0  per  cent  are  resting 
in  their  barracon.  • 

ANIMALS. 

For  agricultural  purposes  this  colonia  keeps  nearly  300  oxen  and  about  20  horses 
and  mules;  also  a  few  cows  for  milk  and  a  number  of  animals  for  beef,  which  in 
normal  times  varies  from  30  to  something  over  100. 

I  here  wish  to  say  a  few  words  about  dereche  de  coiisumo  (or  meat-consumption 
tax).  In  normal  times  this  colonia  slaughters,  on  an  average,  about  22  animals 
per  month,  with  an  average  dressed  weight  of  about  200  kilos  per  head,  and  the 
full  tax  on  that  meat  is  H  cents  gold  per  kilo,  in  addition  to  $1  per  head  for  derecho 
de  punalada  (sticking  fee).  Consequently  the  full  tax  on  meat  consumed  in  this 
colonia  in  one  month  would  amount  to  $198,  plus  81  per  head  ($22),  or  a  total  of 
$220. 


CENTRAL  CONCHITA,  MATANZAS. 


AGRICULTURE. 


531 


SALARIES. 

Average  salaries  paid  by  this  colonia  during  normal  times — that  is,  previous  to 
the  insurrection — were  about  as  follows: 


ALL  THE  YEAR. 


[Salaries  per  month,  in  gold,  and  maintenance.] 


Administration _  $166.66 

Servant . 30.00 

Overseer _ _ _  85.00 

Second  overseer _  35.  00 

Steward  and  bookkeeper _  50. 00 

Assistant.  . 25.00 

Carpenter. _ 35.00 

Montero . 25.00 


Assistant . $20.  00 

Hostler . . 20.00 

Assistant _ _ _ 15.  00 

Pumping  water _ 6.  00 

Cook.... . . 30.00 

Assistant.  . 25.00 

Night  watchman . .  20. 00 

Mounted  field  guard . .  25  and  30. 00 


DURING  CROP  TIME. 


Mounted  field  guard _ _ $25. 00 

Timekeeper  .  .  _ _ _  20.  00 

Waiter  for  operatives’  table _  15.  00 

Vegetable  gardener . . .  20.00 

Bueyero  (teamster) . . .  22. 00 

Assistant .  16.  00  and  12.  00 

Foreman  with  cartman . .  30.  00 


Assistant . . . . .  $23. 00 

Foreman  with  stevedores. ..  ...  28.00 

Cartman.  _ 23.00 

Plowman  . . . .  23.  00 

Cane  cutters  _ _ _ _ _  21. 00 

Cane  lifters  . . . . .  15.  00 

Cane  loaders  (stevedores) _  21.00 


During  the  summer  months  salaries  for  field  labor  averaged  about  $17  per  month. 
Cost  for  maintaining  labor  averaged  about  $7.50  per  month  in  gold;  cost  for 
maintaining  overseers,  foremen,  carpenters,  cooks,  stewards,  guards,  etc., 
amounted  to  about  $12  per  month. 


RATIONS. 

Rations  for  each  man  per  day  were  as  follows:  Clear  beef,  1  pound,  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent  in  tasajo  salt  fish;  rice,  1  pound,  or  its  equivalent  in  beans,  pease,  macaroni, 
etc.;  lard.  2  ounces;  coffee,  1  ounce;  sugar.  2  ounces;  bread,  6  ounces,  or,  instead 
of  bread,  sweet  potatoes,  plantains,  or  melanga;  sweet  oil,  bacon,  salt,  and  spices 
sufficient  to  season  the  food.  During  the  winter  months  cabbage,  tomatoes,  and 
turnips  are  being  served  every  day  without  regard  to  rations. 

RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

When  a  laborer  enters  his  name  on  the  pay  roll  he  receives  his  machete  or  hoe. 
tin  plate,  tin  dipper  and  spoon,  and  same  are  charged  to  him,  and  are  credited 
when  returned. 

Timekeeper  makes  his  rounds  twice  every  day. 

Away  from  the  batey  smoking  is  strictly  prohibited,  and  the  penalty  is  imme¬ 
diate  dismissal. 

Salaries  are  paid  any  day  between  11a.  m.  and  1  p.  m.,  Sundays  excepted,  to 
those  who  desire  the  money. 

Except  in  case  of  sickness,  meals  are  charged  to  those  who  are  not  at  work. 

To  the  sick  such  medicines  as  we  have  are  given  free.  The  most  prominent  of 
these  is  quinine. 

If  a  man  remains  in  the  barracon  sick  for  more  than  two  days,  he  is  sent  to 
his  home  or  to  a  hospital.  If  it  is  an  injury  received  in  the  service  of  the  colonia, 
he  is  cared  for  until  able  to  work  again. 

The  bell  tolls  at  4  a.  m.  for  the  people  to  get  up:  at  break  of  day,  after  having 


532 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


drunk  a  cup  of  coffee,  they  go  to  the  field;  at  11  o'clock  they  return  to  breakfast; 
at  1  o'clock  they  again  go  to  the  field;  at  6  o’clock  they  come  in  to  dinner,  and  at 
8  o’clock  the  bell  sounds  silence.  After  that  absolute  si  ence  is  enforced.  The 
negro  is  fond  of  his  music  and  dancing.  This  is  permitted  at  seasonable  hours, 
and  sometimes  the  overseer  gives  special  permission  to  prolong  their  amusements 
beyond  the  usual  hour. 

Gambling  is  prohibited,  but  the  prohibition  can  not  be  successfully  enforced. 

In  the  dr}"  season,  at  midday,  when  the  people  are  in  the  batey,  sentinels  are 
stationed  on  the  hills  to  give  timely  warning  of  cane  fires. 

Armed  guards  patrol  the  fields  by  day  and  guard  the  cattle  at  night.  This 
applies  in  times  of  peace. 

ADVANTAGES  OF  LARGE  COLONIAS  OVER  SMALL  ONES. 

During  my  experience  in  this  vicinity  I  have  never  known  a  single  instance 
where  a  small  colonia  prospered  or  was  able  to  extricate  itself  from  debt,  and  this 
condition  is  owing  to  various  causes.  A  colonia  employing  from  300  to  400  men 
can  be  carried  on  more  economically  than  one  employing  from  100  to  209  men. 
The  high-salaried  men  in  the  one  are  very  nearly  the  same  as  in  the  other:  but  the 
small  farmers,  with  50  or  200  acres,  fare  much  worse.  These  purchase  everything 
they  require  at  retail,  often  paying  from  15  to  30  per  cent  more  than  the  large 
farmers,  who  purchase  at  wholesale  and  receive  rebate  for  prompt  payment.  A 
small  farmer  employing  10  men  requires  a  cook:  the  larger  farmer  employing  300 
men  requires  but  2  cooks.  The  small  farmer  is  always  cramped  for  money,  has 
but  a  limited  credit  with  the  central,  and  outside  of  that  none  except  an  occasional 
country  storekeeper  who  may  consider  the  risk  and  accommodate  him  by  charging 
exorbitant  interest.  The  money  which  ought  to  be  expended  on  the  cane  fields 
goes  to  pay  exorbitant  interest;  his  fields  get  to  such  low  ebb  that  the  cane  no 
longer  pays  the  expense  for  harvesting;  he  can  obtain  no  money  for  replanting, 
fails  to  pay  his  rent,  and  the  owner  of  the  land  takes  possession  of  what  remains, 
resulting  in  some  other  poor  fellow  stepping  in,  only  to  repeat  his  predecessor’s 
experience. 

The  cost  for  preparing,  breaking  up,  cross  plowing,  making,  furrowing,  seed 
cane,  planting,  cultivating,  wear  and  tear  to  implements,  and  weeding  one  cabal- 
leria  of  cane  to  maturity,  and  doit  well,  is  from  $1,400  to  $1,600,  according  to  con¬ 
ditions  of  soil,  salaries,  etc.,  and  under  normal  conditions  will  here  require  from 
three  to  four  years  before  the  farmer  can  see  any  profits,  and  then  only  by  intel¬ 
ligent  management  and  good  soil.  Soil  which  requires  planting  every  three  to 
five  years  will  ruin  any  man. 

The  average  yield  of  cane  per  caballeria  in  Guabario  for  1895  was  about  71,500 
arrobas,  and  the  cost  per  100  arrobas  for  weeding,  cutting,  carting,  and  deliver¬ 
ing  to  the  central  amounted  to  about  $1.84. 

In  1896  we  had  some  new  plantings,  and  the  crop  was  estimated  at  2,700,000 
arrobas.  Very  nearly  the  whole  of  this  was  burned  by  the  insurgents;  some  of 
the  fields  were  burned  twice,  and  no  crop  was  made.  The  horses  were  seized, 
cattle  driven  off,  storehouses  plundered  repeatedly,  and  finally  the  manager  had 
to  flee  for  his  life  and  seek  safety  in  Cienfuegos.  -Since  then  the  fields  have  suf¬ 
fered  repeated  burnings  and  the  crop  has  been  reduced  from  2,700.000  arrobas  to 
1.400,000  arrobas,  estimated.  In  1897  and  1898  the  crops  were  made  under  diffi¬ 
culties,  the  colonia  employing  a  private  armed  force  of  16  men,  and  Col.  Luis 
Ramos  Izquierdo  kept  a  small  garrison  of  his  guerrillas  in  the  colonia. 

Note, — A  caballeria  contains  324  cordeles,  or  33^  acres.  An  arroba  is  25  pounds. 
Colonia  signifies  cane  farm.  Batey  is  the  space  occupied  by  the  buildings.  Bar- 
r aeons  are  the  buildings  occupied  by  the  working  people.  An  ingenio  is  a  sugar 
plantation  with  all  the  buildings  and  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar, 
rum.  and  molasses. 


SUGAR  MACHINERY,  CENTRAL  CARACAS,  SANTA  CLARA. 


533 


AGRICULTURE. 


Under  date  of  July  19  the  secretary  of  agriculture,  commerce,  and 
industry,  Sehor  Perfecto  Lacoste,  reports  as  follows: 

The  sugar  crop  in  1898  was  305,543  tons;  in  1899,  335,068  tons,  and  in  1900, 
283,651  tons. 

For  the  production  of  1900  the  above  figures  can  be  taken,  as  all  the  planta¬ 
tions  have  already  finished  the  gathering  of  the  late  crop. 

In  normal  years — that  is,  in  years  before  the  late  war,  as  in  1894,  for  instance — 
the  production  of  sugar  in  this  island  amounted  to  1,054,214  English  tons  of  2,240 
pounds. 

The  undersigned  begs  leave  to  state  that,  in  his  opinion,  while  the  actual  cir¬ 
cumstances  shall  continue  and  the  Cuban  planters  have  to  depend  on  their  own 
resources  for  the  development  of  their  plantations,  without  the  necessary  imple¬ 
ments  or  the  help  of  agricultural  banks  or  similar  establishments  of  credit,  it  will 
be  impossible  to,  even  approximately,  reach  the  above  referred  to  figures. 


In  the  statements  of  Messrs.  Atkins,  Beal,  and  Bonnet  we  have  a 
picture  of  the  many  difficulties  and  great  expense  attending  the  cul¬ 
tivation  of  sugar  cane.  The  establishment  of  sugar  mills  b}T  which  a 
colonici  becomes  an  ingenio  or  central  is  another  branch  of  the  indus¬ 
try  involving  many  large  expenditures  and  great  financial  risks  to 
those  engaged  in  it.  The  sugar  zone  extends  from  the  eastern  third 
of  the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  to  the  eastern  half  of  the  province 
of  Puerto  Principe,  the  richest  and  largest  part  of  this  area  lying  in 
the  provinces  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santa  Clara,  Matanzas  being 
the  most  productive  of  the  three.  The  experience  of  Mr.  Beal  during 
the  recent  insurrection  was  common  to  the  planters  of  the  entire  sugar 
region,  those  of  the  province  of  Matanzas  suffering  the  most. 

The  only  ingenios  and  colonias  saved  from  destruction  were  those 
which  enjoyed  the  protection  of  both  sides  in  the  war,  as  the  result  of 
liberal  donations,  private  or  public  guards,  and  suitable  defenses. 

The  rehabilitation  of  the  large  plantations  will  require  much  time 
and  considerable  expenditures,  but  with  the  liquidation  of  existing 
loans  on  rural  property,  the  establishment  of  banks  and  a  stable 
financial  system,  a  repetition  of  the  crop  of  1894  may  soon  be  expected, 
with  larger  ones  to  follow.  Indeed,  when  we  consider  that  this  crop 
was  cultivated  on  less  than  one-fourteenth  part  of  the  area  of  the 
island  (28,000,000  acres),  a  large  part  of  which  can  be  made  suitable 
for  sugar,  some  idea  of  its  great  prospective  wealth  in  this  commodity 
can  be  formed,  provided  Cuba  is  successful  in  finding  favorable  for¬ 
eign  markets.  In  short,  it  is  perfectly  apparent,  as  has  been  else¬ 
where  stated,  that  under  such  conditions  Cuba  can  easily  become  the 
greatest  sugar-producing  country  in  the  world. 


Tobacco. 


Second  only  in  importance  to  the  sugar  industry  in  Cuba  is  that  of 
tobacco,  in  the  cultivation  of  which  upward  of  80,000  people  are 
employed.  Unlike  sugar  cane,  the  tobacco  plant  is  indigenous  and 
was  found  in  use  by  the  natives  on  the  discovery  of  the  island.  Sixty 


534 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


years  later  it  was  taken  to  Spain  by  Francisco  Fernandez,  a  physician 
who  had  been  sent  by  Philip  II  of  Spain  to  investigate  the  products 
of  Mexico.  But  while  the  plant  came  to  Europe  through  Spain,  the 
habit  of  smoking  it  was  begun  in  England.  Ralph  Lane,  the  first 
governor  of  Virginia,  and  Sir  Francis  Drake  brought  pipes  and  tobacco 
from  Virginia  in  1586,  which  they  gave  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  Lane 
is  said  to  have  been  the  first  Englishman  to  smoke ;  Sir  W alter  followed 
and  the  habit  soon  became  general  at  the  court  of  Elizabeth.  By  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  it  was  known  to  all  civilized 
countries,  although  every  attempt  was  made  to  prevent  its  use. 
Popes  fulminated  against  it,  and  penal  enactments  and  priests 
declared  smoking  a  crime,  and  in  Russia  smokers  were  given  the 
knout  and  had  their  noses  cut  off.  King  James  the  First  described 
its  use  as  “a  custom  loathsome  to  the  eye,  hateful  to  the  nose, 
harmful  to  the  brain,  dangerous  to  the  lungs,  and  the  black,  stink¬ 
ing  fumes  thereof  nearest  resembles  the  horrible  Stygian  smoke  of 
the  pit  that  is  bottomless.” 

The  following  description  of  its  use  among  the  Indians  of  Santo 
Domingo,  when  that  island  was  first  discovered,  written  by  Oviedo  in 
his  general  history  of  the  West  Indies  (1535),  throws  some  light  on 
the  origin  of  the  name  of  the  plant  and  explains  somewhat  the  first 
objections  to  its  use: 

The  Indians  inhabiting  this  island  have,  among  other  evil  customs,  one  which 
is  very  pernicious,  namely:  that  of  smoking,  called  by  them  tobacco,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  producing  insensibility.  This  they  effect  by  means  of  a  certain  herb, 
which,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  is  of  poisonous  quality,  though  not  poisonous  in  its 
appearance.  It  is  about  four  or  five  palms  high;  the  leaves,  which  are  large  and 
broad,  are  soft  and  downy;  and  in  color  it  resembles  the  plant  called  bugloss  by 
doctors  and  herbalists. 

The  manner  in  which  they  use  it  is  as  follows:  The  caziques  and  principal  men 
have  small  hollowed  sticks,  about  a  span  long  and  as  thick  as  the  little  finger:  they 
are  forked  in  the  manner  here  shown  ( Y ) ,  but  both  the  forks  and  the  stalk  are  of 
the  same  piece.  The  forked  ends  are  inserted  in  the  nostrils  and  the  other  end  is 
applied  to  the  burning  leaves  of  the  herb,  which  are  rolled  up  in  the  manner  of 
pastils.  They  then  inhale  the  smoke  until  they  fall  down  in  a  state  of  stupor,  in 
which  they  remain  as  if  intoxicated  for  a  considerable  time.  Such  of  the  Indians 
as  can  not  procure  a  forked  stick  use  a  hollow  reed  or  cane  for  the  purpose  of 
inhaling  the  smoke.  Their  smoking  instrument,  whether  it  be  forked  or  merely 
a  hollow  cane,  is  called  tobacco  by  the  Indians,  who  do  not  give  this  name  to  the 
herb,  nor  the  stupor  into  which  they  fall,  as  some  have  erroneously  supposed. 
The  Indians  hold  this  herb  in  great  esteem  and  cultivate  it  in  the  gardens  and 
fields.  They  pretend  that  the  use  of  it  is  not  only  wholesome  but  holy.  When  a 
cazique  or  other  great  man  falls  down  insensible  from  smoking  it  his  wives  (of 
whom  there  are  many)  pick  him  up  and  place  him  in  bed,1  if  he  has  previously 
informed  them  that  such  was  his  pleasure,  but  if  he  has  not  he  continues  lying 
where  he  fell  until  the  intoxicating  effect  of  the  smoke  shall  have  passed  off. 

The  remains  of  baked  clay  and  other  kinds  of  pipes  found  in  the 
Indian  mounds  of  t lie  North  American  continent  indicate  plainly  that 

1  The  bed  was  suspended  between  two  poles  and  called  a  hamac,  doubtless  the 
origin  of  the  hammock. 


A  TOBACCO  PLANT. 


SETTING  OUT  YOUNG  TOBACCO  PLANTS. 


AGRICULTURE. 


535 


smoking  was  generally  prevalent  among  the  Indians  of  the  mainland 
long  before  the  discoveries  of  Columbus. 

For  many  years  the  tobacco  trade  of  Cuba  was  a  Crown  monopoly, 
with  a  royal  office  and  warehouse  in  Habana  and  branches  in  San¬ 
tiago,  Trinidad,  Bayamo,  and  Remedios,  where  the  planters  could 
store  their  tobacco,  receiving  such  prices  as  might  be  established  by 
the  Crown  for  each  crop.  In  later  years  the  tobacco  monopoly  was 
sold  to  private  companies,  and  was  again  resumed  by  the  Crown  in 
1760.  Finally,  in  1817,  by  a  royal  decree  of  June  22,  the  trade  and 
cultivation  of  tobacco  were  declared  free  on  payment  of  a  tax  by 
each  planter  equivalent  to  one-twentieth  of  the  production.  Since 
that  date  the  taxes  have  varied  according  to  circumstances,  but  have 
usually  been  very  high. 

Reliable  statistics  of  the  annual  production  of  tobacco  in  early  times 
are  not  at  hand,  nor  is  it  possible  to  tell  how  much  was  shipped,  except 
through  the  custom-house,  owing  to  the  large  amount  smuggled. 
From  such  data  as  are  available,  it  appears  that  from  1702  to  1817  the 
total  amount  regularly  exported  was  about  20,500,000  pounds;  that 
during  the  periods  of  government  monopoly  the  amount  was  less  than 
during  the  period  of  private  monopoly,  and  that  the  amount  exported 
was  largely  increased  after  the  trade  monopoly  was  discontinued.  It  is 
probable  that  the  amount  smuggled  was  equal  to  the  amount  exported. 

Coming  down  to  a  later  period,  with  which  we  are  more  nearly  con¬ 
cerned,  it  appears  that  the  average  production  in  bales  in  1894-95 
was  in  the  neighborhood  of  560,000  bales  of  50  kilos,  or  62,000,000 
pounds  of  leaf,  valued  at  $22,000,000.  Of  this  amount  220,000  bales 
(nearly  40  per  cent),  valued  at  $10,000,000,  were  retained  for  home 
consumption  and  used  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  and  cigarettes, 
and  this  is  about  the  proportion  with  normal  crops. 

Since  1895  the  crop  has  been  as  follows: 

Bales. 

1896- 97 . 375,000 

1897- 98... . 88,000 

1898- 99 . .  . . . .  220, 000 

1899- 1900 . 460,000 

The  amount  of  tobacco  exported  to  the  United  States  since  1893  is 
shown  in  the  following  table: 


Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

1893 

21,694,891 
14,578,248 
20, 175, 620 
26,771,317 

$8, 940, 058 
5,828,954 
7,271,794 
10. 613, 468 

1897  . 

4,410,073 
4,691,456 
8, 102, 974 
11,815,351 

$2, 306, 067 
4,334,078 
6,916,360 
9, 704, 331 

1894 . 

1898  . . . 

1895 . 

1899  . . 

1896 . 

1900  . 

Except  cigars  and  cigarettes,  the  numerous  forms  in  which  tobacco 
is  used,  such  as  smoking  mixtures,  fine  cut,  plug,  roll,  or  pigtail,  for 
chewing,  and  snuff,  are  not  manufactured  in  Cuba. 

Tobacco  is  raised  as  an  article  of  commerce  in  but  four  of  the  six 


536 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


provinces  of  Cuba,  viz,  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana,  Santa  Clara,  and  Santi¬ 
ago  de  Cuba,  although  there  is  no  question  but  that  tobacco  can  be 
advantageously  raised  in  the  other  two.  To  the  trade  the  tobacco  of 
Pinar  del  Rio  is  known  as  the  Vuelta  Abajo ,  that  of  Habana  as  the 
Partido  and  Semi- Vuelta,  that  of  Santa  Clara  as  Las  Villas  or  Reme- 
dios  leaf,  while  the  leaf  of  Santiago  is  known  as  Oriente. 

The  quality  of  Cuban  tobacco  is  world-renowned,  more  especially 
that  known  as  the  Vuelta  Abajo ,  which  is  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  the  finest  cigars.  Every  attempt — and  there  have  been  many — to 
reproduce  this  tobacco  elsewhere,  even  in  Cuba,  has  failed,  and  the 
secret  of  its  superiority  remains  untold.  The  Sierra  de  los  Organos, 
a  range  of  mountains  running  along  the  entire  length  of  the  province 
of  Pinar  del  Rio,  is  no  doubt  a  favorable  cause,  as  it  breaks  the  high 
winds  which  do  so  much  damage  to  the  plants  elsewhere.  Various 
other  causes  have  been  assigned,  and  probably  they  have  all  con¬ 
tributed  to  the  excellence  of  the  tobacco.  To  what  it  is  specially  due 
will  probably  be  known  when  the  soils  in  which  it  has  been  cultivated 
shall  have  been  carefully  analyzed  and  compared  and  the  chemical 
changes  due  to  curing  and  fermentation  are  better  understood. 

The  photographic  views  of  tobacco  cultivation  herewith  represent 
a  full-grown  plant  and  the  various  steps  of  setting  out,  harvesting, 
and  sorting  tobacco,  putting  it  in  bundles,  bailing  and  packing  it  to 
market.  These  operations  may  be  briefly  (^escribed  as  follows: 

The  tobacco  crop  is  grown  from  nursery  or  transplanted  plants. 
These  plants  are  raised  in  seed  beds  located  and  prepared  with  great 
care  and  protected,  as  far  as  possible,  from  insects.  The  seeds  are 
very  small,  much  smaller  than  hay  seed,  and  while  there  are  between 
three  and  four  hundred  thousand  in  one  ounce,  the  seed  coat  is  so 
hard  that  only  about  75  per  cent  of  the  seed  will  sprout.  On  this 
basis,  1  ounce  of  seed  ought  to  produce  between  thirty  and  forty 
thousand  plants,  costing  the  planter  in  the  neighborhood  of  81.50  per 
thousand.  The  seed  beds  and  seeds  having  been  carefully  prepared, 
the  seeds  are  sown  in  September,  and  in  from  six  to  seven  weeks, 
when  the  young  plants  are  from  8  to  10  inches  high,  they  are  ready 
for  transplanting.  This  is  done  with  the  greatest  care,  as  a  very 
slight  injury  will  kill  them,  and  they  are  set  out  from  12  to  18  inches 
apart  in  furrows.  The  distance  between  the  latter  varies  from  2  to  3 
feet.  It  is  said  that  tobacco  grown  under  shade  trees  is  of  better 
quality  than  when  grown  in  the  open. 

The  plants  are  hand  planted  and  not  by  machine,  as  in  many  parts 
of  the  United  States,  and  the  operation  is  necessarily  much  slower. 

It  requires  about  four  months  for  the  plants  to  reach  maturity,  so 
that  the  harvest  is  in  January.  During  this  interval  they  require  the 
greatest  care  to  protect  them  against  the  tobacco  worm  and  other 
insects  and  against  weeds.  From  time  to  time,  and  especially  after 
rains,  they  are  cultivated,  the  buds  or  top,  and  all  suckers,  as  they 


A  TOBACCO  PLANTATION. 


TOBACCO  DRYING  HOUSE. 


SORTING  TOBACCO  AND  PUTTING  IT  IN  BUNDLES 


AGRICULTURE. 


537 


appear,  are  removed,  and  every  precaution  taken  to  insure  the  full 
development  of  the  leaf. 

The  pruning  is  done  with  the  thumb  nail,  as  its  dull  edge  closes  the 
wound  and  prevents  bleeding.  According  as  the  plants  are  topped 
high  or  low,  there  will  be  from  8  to  10  or  from  18  to  20  leaves  on  a 
stalk.  As  soon  as  the  leaves  have  ripened,  the  cutting  begins.  Each 
stalk  is  cut  in  sections,  having  two  leaves  on  each ;  they  are  hung  on 
poles  and  carried  to  the  drying  sheds.  A  section  of  each  stalk  with 
a  good  strong  sucker  on  it  is  left  in  the  field,  from  which  a  second,  or 
what  is  called  a  sucker  crop,  results,  and  while  the  quality  of  this 
crop  is  not  as  good  as  the  true  crop  it  answers  very  well  for  fillers. 

The  drying  or  curing  process  continues  for  three  or  four  weeks  or 
even  longer.  During  this  period  “great  attention  must  be  given  to 
the  moisture,  temperature,  and  ventilation  of  the  drying  house  in 
order  to  produce  those  changes  which  characterize  cured  tobacco  of  a 
superior  quality.” 

Sweating  or  fermentation  follows  the  curing,  and  it  is  to  this  that 
the  tobacco  owes  its  peculiar  flavor.  During  or  after  this  process  the 
leaves  are  sprayed  with  water  or  a  petuning  liquid  which  is  supposed 
to  give  the  leaf  a  darker  color  and  a  better  flavor,  but  this  is  ques¬ 
tioned  by  some  tobacco  manufacturers.1  When  fermentation  has 
taken  place,  the  leaves  are  sorted  and  made  up  into  bundles,  and  these 
into  bales  of  about  50  kilos  (110  pounds)  each.  It  is  now  ready  for 
transport  to  market. 

The  tobacco  planters,  in  common  with  the  sugar  j)lanters,  experi¬ 
enced  all  the  vicissitudes  of  the  war,  but  as  the  province  of  Pinar  del 
Rio  was  the  last  to  become  a  theater  of  operations  the  crop  of  Vuelta 
Abcijo  tobacco  was  spared  until  1896. 

Coffee. 

The  cultivation  of  coffee  dates  from  somewhere  about  the  years 
1796-1798  and  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  into  Cuba  by  refugees 
from  Santo  Domingo  after  that  island  was  ceded  to  France.  Soon 
after  the  arrival  of  these  emigrants,  of  whom  there  were  upward  of 
30,000,  coffee  plantations  made  their  appearance,  and  for  many  years 
the  cultivation  of  coffee  was  one  of  the  most  remunerative  industries 
of  the  island,  as  the  following  table  of  exports  will  show: 2 


Arrobas. 

Arrobas. 

Arrobas. 

1809 . 

_  320,000 

1818. . 

.  779,618 

1823. . 

_  895,924 

1815 _ 

_  918,263 

1819... . 

.  642,716 

1824 _ 

_  661,674 

1816. . . 

.  370,229 

1820 _ 

_  686,046 

1817 . 

.  709,351 

1822 . 

.  501,429 

1  The  report  of  Mr.  Oscar  Loew,  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  on  the  cur¬ 
ing  and  fermentation  of  the  cigar  leaf  tobacco  should  be  studied  by  all  tobacco 
planters. 

2  Humboldt’s  Island  of  Cuba. 


538 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS'  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Humboldt  attributes  the  extreme  variation  in  the  figures  of  this 
table  to  the  more  or  less  abundant  crops  and  to  frauds  in  the  custom¬ 
house. 

In  the  years  1843  and  1846  violent  hurricanes  visited  Cuba  and 
seriously  damaged  the  coffee  crop.  Owing  to  these  disasters,  the 
increased  coffee  trade  of  the  East  Indies  and  South  America,  and  the 
larger  and  more  certain  profits  of  sugar  cultivation,  the  coffee  indus¬ 
try  of  Cuba  rapidly  declined,  and  by  1850  the  amount  exported  was 
but  192,061  arrobas.  The  coffee  plantations  were  converted  to  other 
uses  and  the  trade  in  coffee  practically  disappeared.  The  estimated 
coffee  crop  of  the  world  for  1900  is  15,285,000  bags  of  134-f  pounds 
each.1  Of  this  amount  Cuba  is  credited  with  130,000  bags — not  enough 
for  home  consumption.  It  is  hard  to  believe,  with  these  figures  before 
us,  that  in  1825  Cuba  exported  more  coffee  than  Java,  that  in  1846 
there  were  more  than  1,600  coffee  plantations  in  the  island,  and  that 
in  richness,  flavor,  and  the  productive  capacity  of  the  trees  the  coffee 
of  Cuba  was  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  other  West  India  island  or 
by  South  America. 

A  consideration  of  these  well-known  facts  may  result  in  the  revival 
of  this  important  industry,  which  under  free  institutions  will  no  doubt 
regain  its  former  position  among  the  agricultural  resources  of  Cuba. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1894  coffee  was  cultivated  in  all  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Cuba  except  Puerto  Principe,  and  there  were  191  cafetales ,  or 
plantations,  although  by  far  the  larger  number  was  in  the  province  of 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  where  coffee  cultivation  was  first  attempted.  The 
topographical  features  of  this  province,  with  its  ranges  of  mountains, 
hills,  and  high  plateaus,  render  it  especially  adapted  to  the  purpose, 
for,  while  coffee  will  grow  most  anywdiere  in  Cuba,  it  thrives  best  at 
altitudes  between  1,500  and  2,500  feet.  It  is  not  an  expensive  crop 
to  cultivate,  and  it  is  said  that  few  occupations  are  more  delightful 
than  that  of  the  coffee  planter,  or  more  remunerative  under  favorable 
conditions. 

In  the  cultivation  of  coffee  the  seeds  are  first  sown  in  a  nurseiy, 
and  when  the  plants  are  a  few  inches  high  they  are  transplanted; 
thereafter,  like  the  tobacco  plant,  they  require  great  care.  The  trees 
begin  bearing  in  the  second  year,  and  by  the  third  a  good  crop  may  be 
expected.  A  tree  in  good  condition  will  yield  from  1  £  to  2  pounds  of 
berries.  The  trees  are  rarely  allowed  to  exceed  a  height  of  10  feet  for 
convenience  in  harvesting  the  berries;  this  is  accomplished,  and  the 
trees  are  made  to  spread  laterally  by  repeated  prunings.  Two  crops 
each  year  reward  the  successful  coffee  planter,  so  that  the  trees  are 
almost  always  in  bloom. 

As  the  coffee  berry  requires  shade,  fruit  and  other  trees  are  planted 
among  the  coffee  trees  for  this  purpose,  so  that  a  coffee  plantation 


1  Statesman's  Year-Book,  1900. 


BALING  TOBACCO. 


TOBACCO  PACK  TRAIN. 


Al 


AGRICULTURE. 


53V) 


can  be  utilized  for  both  fruit  and  coffee  culture,  without  detriment 
to  either  and  with  corresponding  benefit  to  the  planter. 

Next  in  prospective  value  as  an  agricultural  product  is  cocoa, 
although  the  cocoa  trade  has  not  been  large  for  many  years,  owing  to  ' 
excessive  taxes  and  the  devastations  of  war.  The  province  of  Santi¬ 
ago  is  especiall}"  adapted  to  its  cultivation,  and  the  cocoa  bean  of 
Cuba  is  of  excellent  quality. 

Bananas,  cocoanuts,  figs,  dates,  guava,  mangoes,  grapes,  lemons, 
limes,  melons,  peaches,  nectarines,  apricots,  strawberries,  pineapples, 
pomegranates,  and  oranges  are  among  the  fruits  of  Cuba,  which  also 
include  many  of  a  purely  tropical  character,  while  nearly  all  the  vege¬ 
tables  known  to  the  United  States  are  easily  grown,  especially  corn, 
rice,  potatoes,  onions,  beets,  cabbage,  lettuce,  radishes,  and  cucum¬ 
bers,  which  are  practically  perennial,  only  requiring,  for  abundant 
production,  sufficient  interest  and  energy  to  plant  the  seeds  and  the 
use  of  more  modern  methods  and  agricultural  implements  in  their 
cultivation. 

Owing  to  the  high  differential  duties  in  favor  of  the  Spanish  imports 
before  the  war,  Cuban  planters  were  compelled  to  purchase  their  agri¬ 
cultural  implements  and  machines  in  Spain,  which  is  not  renowned 
for  the  excellence  of  these  manufactures.  Many  of  the  plows,  hoes, 
and  other  necessary  means  of  preparing  the  ground  and  cultivating 
the  soil  are  of  most  inferior  design  and  make,  and  not  to  be  compared 
with  similar  American  implements,  while  many  of  the  machines  in 
general  use  among  our  farmers  are  unknown.  Under  the  present 
tariff,  agricultural  implements  are  on  the  free  list,  where  they  have 
been  since  the  date  of  American  occupation. 

A  serious  drawback  to  the  development  of  agriculture  in  Cuba  is 
the  lack  of  good  roads.  Outside  of  the  provinces  of  Matanzas,  Habana, 
and  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  except  in  the  vicinity  of  the  large  cities,  there 
is  not  a  good  road  in  Cuba,  and  even  those  that  are  passable  in  the 
dry  season  become  almost  impassable  for  wagons  in  the  rainy  sea¬ 
son.  There  are  only  1,100  miles  of  railroad,  much  of  which  is  not  in 
good  condition  on  account  of  the  heavy  tariff  heretofore  laid  on  rail¬ 
road  materials  of  all  kinds. 

But,  while  these  important  public  works  demand  immediate  atten¬ 
tion,  their  consideration  should  be  deferred  until  an  accurate  topo¬ 
graphic  survey  of  the  island  has  been  made  and  a  contour  map 
prepared.  This  is  a  work  of  pressing  necessit}"  and  should  be  com¬ 
menced  at  once. 

Stock  Raising. 

There  are  very  few  countries  better  suited  to  stock  raising  than 
Cuba,  where  grass  is  abundant  at  all  seasons  and  where  many  streams 
furnish  a  copious  supply  of  good  water.  The  breeding  of  stock  was 
at  one  time  an  important  industry,  but  owing  to  the  excessive  taxes, 
amounting  to  upward  of  40  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  stock,  and  the 


540 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


great  destruction  due  to  the  serious  revolutions  which  have  taken 
place  in  the  island,  this  industry  has  been  seriously  crippled.  The 
last  two  wars  almost  entirely  destroyed  it,  and  as  the  duties  on  stock 
were  almost  prohibitive  and  the  stock  was  taken  by  the  government 
under  one  pretext  or  another  as  fast  as  imported,  recovery  was  neces¬ 
sarily  slow.  For  example : 

Per  head. 

Duty  on  horses  . . .  $80. 00 

Duty  on  mules  . . .  . .  32.00 

Duty  on  oxen . .  . .  . . . .  22.00 

Duty  on  cows .  ... . . . . . . . . .  10.00 

Duty  on  calves,  heifers,  and  steers . . . . . . .  8.00 

Duty  on  hogs  . . . . . .  7.00 

besides  other  vexatious  charges. 

Owing  to  the  vast  number  and  great  variety  of  palm  trees,  the 
berries  of  which  are  a  never  failing  food  supply  for  hogs,  these 
animals  can  be  raised  in  enormous  numbers  and  at  very  little  expense. 

The  agricultural  tables  will  show  the  plantations,  farms,  and  live 
stock  in  the  island  when  this  census  was  taken.  The  number  prior 
to  the  war,  1894,  is  shown  in  the  following  tables: 


Pinar  del  Rio  .... 

Habana . 

Matanzas . 

Santa  Clara - 

Puerto  Principe  . 
Santiago  de  Cuba 

Total . 


Coffee. 

Sugar. 

Tobacco. 

Cattle 

ranches. 

Farms. 

33 

70 

6,050 

599 

1,392 

24 

466 

250 

1,262 

G,  920 

3 

134 

224 

3, 664 

46 

332 

317 

1,250 

4,852 

5 

399 

1.109 

85 

93 

2,258 

364 

5, 301 

191 

1,100 

8,875 

4,098 

23, 238 

Number.  Value. 


Horses  and  mules 

Cattle... . 

Pigs . 

Sheep . 


584.725 
2, 485,7CH 
570. 194 
78, 494 


320, 46(5, 375 
74. 572. 980 
5.700,000 
393.000 


Total 


3. 719, 179 


101,132,355 


Statistics  of  Agriculture. 

The  following  is  the  form  of  schedule  used  in  the  collection  of  agri¬ 
cultural  returns: 


Census  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  taken  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States,  1S99. 

Schedule  No.  3.— Agricultural  Statistics. 


Supervisor's  district  No.  - • 

Compiled  by  me  on  the - day  of 

1.  Name  of  farmer  or  owner. - 

2.  Residence, - . 

3.  Color  or  race, - . 


District  of  enumeration  No. 


1899. 


,  Enumerator. 


Note. — State  whether  white,  negro,  mixed,  Chinese,  or  whatever  he  may  be. 


1.  Pineapple 

2.  Guanabana 

3.  Alligator  pear 
4  Cocoanut. 

5.  Custard  apple. 


NATIVE  FRUITS. 

6.  Mamey  Colorado 

7.  Caimito. 

8.  Mamoncillo. 

9.  Banana. 

10.  Sapadillo. 


1  1.  Maranon 
12.  Figs. 

1  3.  Pawpaw. 

14.  Pumpkin. 

15.  Watermelon 


AGKICULTUKE. 


541 


4.  Cuban  or  Spaniard, - . 

Note.— State  whether  Cuban,  Spaniard,  or  in  suspense,  according  as  to  whether 
he  has  taken  the  oath;  if  this  question  relates  to  a  foreigner  and  is  therefore  super¬ 
fluous,  write  foreigner. 

5.  Does  the  farm  or  plantation  belong  to  the  person  named  or  is  it  leased?  - . 

C.  Area  of  the  farm  or  plantation  in  caballerias  and  cordeles, - . 

Area  under  cultivation  at  the  present  time, - . 

Area  uncultivated  at  the  present  time, - . 

7.  Approximate  area  under  cultivation  before  the  insurrection  (prior  to 

1895), - . 

8.  Wooded  area. - .  Character  of  woods,  high  or  low, - . 

9.  Distribution  of  area  under  cultivation,  according  to  crops: 


Crops. 

Area  (cabal¬ 
lerias). 

Crops. 

Area  (cabal¬ 
lerias). 

Tobacco  .  _ _ _ 

Cocoa . . 

Sugar  cane  . . 

Malangas . . . 

Rice  . . _ . - . 

Oranges _ _ .. _ 

Sweet  potatoes  . _ . . 

Corn . . 

Potatoes  . - . . 

Honey . . 

Yams  _ _ _ 

Wax.” . . . . 

Bananas _ .  _ _ _ _ 

Cocoanut  trees _ _ 

Coffee  .  . . . . - 

Onions  . _ _ _ _ 

Pineapples  . . 

Note. — Indicate  on  blank  lines  any  other  crops. 


10.  Number  of  cattle  on  the  hoof  on  the  day  of  enumeration; 


Kind. 

Number. 

Value,  in  dol¬ 
lars. 

Kind. 

Number. 

Value,  in  dol¬ 
lars. 

Horses . . . 

Bull  calves . 

Mules.. . . 

Bulls  . 

Asses . . . . 

Heifers . . 

Swine  _ _ _ _ 

Steers . 

Goats . . . 

Cows  . 

Sheep  _ _ 

Yearlings . 

Poultry . . . 

Oxen . . 

Lambs . . . 

Note. — Indicate  on  blank  lines  any  other  cattle  on  the  hoof. 


11.  Number  of  grinders  and  evaporators  on  the  plantation  on  this  day: 

Mills,  number. - .  Output,  in  arrobas,  of  cane  per  day, - 

Evaporating  apparatus,  number,  - .  Production,  in  sacks,  per 

day. - . 

12.  Number  and  capacity  of  the  stills  on  the  plantation: 

Number,  - .  Capacity,  in  gallons,  per  day, - . 


DISCUSSION  OF  THE  TABLES. 

As  is  apparent  from  the  table  of  occupations,  agriculture  is  the 
principal  industry  of  the  people  of  Cuba.  Its  manufactures  are 
trilling,  with  the  exception  of  the  making  of  cigars,  raw  sugar, 
molasses,  and  rum,  while  trade  and  transportation,  except  in  a  limited 
way,  are  prosecuted  but  little.  Under  these  circumstances  it  was 
thought  inexpedient  to  attempt  to  collect  statistics  of  any  other 
industry  excepting  that  of  agriculture,  and  even  in  this  it  was  deemed 
advisable,  in  view  of  the  unsettled  economic  conditions  of  the  island, 
to  attempt  to  obtain  oidy  a  few  simple  facts  regarding  the  industry. 
The  inquiries  were  limited  to  those  relating  to  the  area  of  farms, 
cultivated  land,  and  woodland,  to  the  kind  of  tenure  of  farms,  to  the 


542 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


race  of  the  occupant,  to  the  areas  cultivated  in  certain  leading  crops, 
to  a  few  details  regarding  the  production  of  sugar  and  tobacco,  and  to 
the  number  of  live  stock. 

The  schedules  received  bear  witness  to  the  disturbed  condition  of 
the  industry.  Farm  areas  were  found  to  be,  in  many  cases,  uncertain 
and  contradictory,  and  were  given  in  many  different  units  of  measure¬ 
ment.  The  tenure  was  often  uncertain  or  unknown,  and  many  tracts 
were  held  by  squatters  on  sufferance,  necessarily  without  definite 
limits  of  occupancy. 

But  in  spite  of  their  many  faults  and  deficiencies,  the  information 
derived  from  these  schedules  is  extremely  significant  and  instructive. 

Table  XLIY  presents,  by  totals,  for  Cuba,  for  each  of  its  six  pro¬ 
vinces  and  for  each  municipal  district,  the  number  of  farms,  the  area 
included  within  them,  the  area  cultivated  in  the  census  year,  and  an 
estimate  of  the  area  cultivated  in  1895,  together  with  areas  covered 
with  timber,  classified  as  large  and  small.  To  this  table  must  be  added 
a  word  of  explanation.  The  cultivated  areas  do  not  include  pasturage, 
although  in  many  cases  the  pasture  is  artificial,  being  produced  by 
sowing  the  seed  of  some  forage  plant.  These  areas  were  not  distin¬ 
guished  in  the  schedules  from  natural  pasture,  which  of  course  com¬ 
prised  vastly  the  greater  area,  and  consequently  it  was  necessary  to 
exclude  it  altogether  from  the  cultivated  area. 

On  the  other  hand,  under  the  head  44  Cultivated  in  1895"  it  is 
apparent  that  in  some  cases  pasturage  has  been  included,  and  as  there 
is  no  way  of  making  a  clear  separation  of  it,  this  matter  should  be 
borne  in  mind  in  contrasting  the  areas  cultivated  in  1895  and  in  1899. 
Furthermore,  this  column  can  not  be  held  to  possess  much  value, 
inasmuch  as  it  includes  only  the  areas  cultivated  in  the  farms  which 
were  enumerated  by  the  recent  census.  There  are  doubtless  many 
farms  in  which  were  considerable  areas  of  land  cultivated  in'  1895, 
which  have  now  been  abandoned  and  are  not  represented  in  this  census 
at  all;  hence,  the  figures  given  in  this  column  are  in  all  probability 
below  the  truth. 

The  columns  relating  to  timber  include  only  the  timber  upon  farms 
and  do  not  include  the  large  and  undefined  forest  areas  which  lie 
outside  of  farms.  The  number  of  plantations  and  farms  in  Cuba  far 
exceeds  the  number  of  farmers  and  planters  given  in  the  table  of 
occupations.  This  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  enumerators  have 
returned  simply  as  laborers,  or  as  agricultural  laborers,  most  of  the 
owners  of  these  plantations  and  farms.  This  is  especially  true  of 
the  smaller  farms,  particularly  of  those  rented.  On  this  account  the 
number  of  planters  given  in  the  occupation  table  is  of  no  significance 
whatever. 

Measurements  are  given  in  the  ordinary  Spanish  measure  of  cahal- 
lerias^  a  caballeria  being  equal  to  334  acres,  and  in  cordch ,  324  of 
which  equal  one  caballeria. 


X?:-/ 


MW 


READY  TO  CUT  PINES  AND  BANANAS. 


AGRICULTURE. 


543 


Prior  to  the  late  war  there  were  in  Cuba  90,960  plantations  and 
farms.  There  were  in  1899  only  60.711  farms,  with  an  area  of  262,858 
caballerias.  Of  this  27,032  caballerias  were  cultivated.  The  average 
size  of  the  farm  in  Cuba  was  4.3  caballerias  (143  acres)  and  the 
average  area  cultivated  per  farm  was  0.4  of  a  caballeria  (13  acres). 
These  facts  are  set  forth  for  the  several  provinces  of  Cuba  in  the 
following  table: 


Caballerias. 


• 

Farms. 

Area. 

Area  cul¬ 
tivated. 

Average 

size 

farms. 

Average 

cultivated 

area. 

Hahana, . . 

6, 159 
4,083 

25, 245 
30, 617 
33,827 
61 , 365 

3, 193 
4,902 
4,304 
939 

4. 1 

0.5 

Matanzas _ 

. 

7.5 

1.2 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

10,408 
2,382 
16, 129 
21,550 

3.3 

.4 

Puerto  Principe . 

25.8 

.4 

Santa  Clara . 

57, 171 

7, 515 
6,179 

.  3.5 

.5 

Santiago . . . . . 

54',  633 

2.5 

.3 

Cuba _ 

60,  711 

262,858 

27,032 

4.3 

.4 

From  the  above  table  it  appears  that  Puerto  Principe  has  the  largest 
area  in  farms,  but  the  smallest  cultivated  area.  This  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  farms  of  Puerto  Principe  are,  in  the  main,  cattle  ranches, 
upon  which  there  is  a  wide  range  for  stock,  but  small  area  under  cul¬ 
tivation.  On  page  551  the  pasture  lands  of  Puerto  Principe  are  dis¬ 
cussed.  The  average  size  of  the  farm  in  Puerto  Principe,  25.8  cabal¬ 
lerias ,  is  six  -times  the  average  size  of  the  farm  in  Cuba,  while  the 
cultivated  area  per  farm  is  approximately  the  same  as  that  of  the 
entire  island.  The  smallest  farms,  on  an  average,  are  in  the  province 
of  Santiago,  where  the  total  area  is  only  2.5  caballerias ,  and  here  also 
is  found  the  smallest  average  cultivated  area  per  farm,  or  only  0.3  of 
a  caballeria .  The  largest  cultivated  area  per  farm  is  in  Matanzas 
Province,  where  it  is  1.2  caballerias ,  and  in  this  province  also  is  found 
the  largest  average  size  of  farm  after  Puerto  Principe.  In  this  prov¬ 
ince  are  many  large  sugar  plantations,  larger  and  more  numerous  than 
elsewhere  in  the  island. 

Of  the  entire  area  of  Cuba  29.9  per  cent  were  included  within 
farms,  but  only  3  per  cent  of  the  area  of  Cuba  and  only  10  per  cent 
of  the  area  in  farms  was  under  cultivation.  The  following  table  shows 
the  percentage  of  the  total  area  of  each  province  which  was  included 
within  farms  and  the  percentage  under  cultivation: 


Habana . 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio  . . 
Puerto  Principe 
Santa  Clara .... 
Santiago . 


Provinces. 


Percent¬ 
age  in 
farms. 

Percent¬ 
age  cul¬ 
tivated. 

45.6 

5.8 

41.4 

6.6 

33.8 

4.3 

29.2 

.4 

30.6 

4.0 

22.0 

2.4 

29.9 

3.0 

Cuba 


544 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  largest  proportion  was  in  Habana  and  the  smallest  in  Santiago, 
at  the  east  end  of  the  island.  Of  the  area  under  cultivation  the  largest 
proportion  was  in  Matanzas  and  the  smallest  in  Puerto  Principe. 

Taking  Cuba  as  a  whole,  the  number  of  rural  inhabitants  to  a  farm 
was  18.  This  proportion  ranged  widely  in  different  provinces,  as  is 


shown  by  the  following  table: 

Rural  population  to  farms. 

Habana .  24 

Matanzas .  35 

Pinar  del  Rio .  16 

Puerto  Principe . * . 26 

Santa  Clara .  17 

Santiago .  13 


Matanzas  stands  highest,  with  35  rural  inhabitants  to  a  farm,  or 
twice  as  many  as  in  Cuba,  with  Santiago,  at  the  other  extreme,  with 
but  13. 

Many  interesting  facts  regarding  the  tenure  of  farms,  combined  with 
the  race  of  the  occupants  and  the  size  of  the  farms,  are  brought  out  in 
tables  XLV  and  XL VI.  Of  the  60,711  farms  in  Cuba,  22.9  per  cent 
were  owned  by  whites;  49  per  cent,  more  than  twice  as  many,  and  nearly 
one-half  the  farms  of  Cuba,  were  rented  by  whites,  making  71.9  per 
cent  of  the  farms  occupied  by  whites.  The  colored  owned  5.1  per  cent 
and  rented  18.5  per  cent,  making  a  total  occupied  by  colored  of  23.6 
per  cent. 

The  column  headed  “Other"  includes  all  other  forms  of  occupation. 

Of  the  cultivated  areas  of  farms  in  Cuba,  40.7  per  cent  were  owned 
by  whites  and  44.2  per  cent  rented  by  whites,  making  the  total  occu¬ 
pied  by  this  race  84.9  per  cent.  By  the  colored  only  2.8  per  cent  were 
owned  and  8.2  per  cent  rented,  making  a  total  of  11  percent  occupied 
by  the  colored  race.  Thus,  the  whites,  in  proportion  to  their  numbers, 
occupy  much  the  largest  number  of  farms  and  a  still  larger  part  of 
the  cultivated  area.  The  above  facts  relating  to  the  tenure  of  farms, 
both  by  number  of  farms  and  by  areas  of  cultivated  lands  in  farms, 
are  set  forth  in  the  two  following  tables  by  provinces: 


NUMBER  OF  FARMS. 


White 

owners. 

White 

renters. 

Colored 

owners. 

Colored 

renters. 

Other. 

Cuba . 

22.9 

49.0 

5.1 

18.5 

4.5 

Habana . •„ . 

32.9 

56.9 

.8 

4.7 

4.7 

Matanzas . 

44.7 

40.3 

3  1 

10.0 

1.9 

Dinar  del  Rio . 

12.7 

69.2 

1.2 

15.9 

1.0 

Puerto  Principe . 

27.3 

40.0 

1.2 

5.9 

25.6 

Santa  Clara  .  . . 

26.2 

54.5 

2.2 

14.8 

2.3 

Santiago . 

17.9 

35.4 

11.2 

29.6 

5.9 

CULTIVATED  AREA. 


Cuba . . . 

40.7 

44.2 

2.8 

8.2 

4.1 

Habana  . 

40.2 

51.7 

.3 

2.8 

5.0 

Matanzas . 

64.0 

30.0 

1.3 

2.6  : 

2.1 

Pinar  del  Rio . . 

20.7 

65.7 

.8 

10.6 

2.2 

Puerto  Principe . 

41.8 

28.3 

.8 

3.  7 

25.  4 

Santa  Clara . 

42. 1 

49.  6 

1.1 

5.7 

1.5 

Santiago . 

34.2 

32.2 

9. 3 

18.0 

6.3 

*  i  m  1,/n 

*1*  'i  |K»\ 

St  '^i 

}ltf4  1 

dmp  Xk  ’  f 

%  i4 

%  ‘  ?* 

A  COCOA  GROVE. 


AGRICULTURE. 


545 


The  first  of  these  tables  shows  that  in  every  province  of  the  island 
more  farms  were  rented  than  were  owned,  and  in  most  cases  far  more. 
The  only  province  in  which  the  owned  farms  approached  in  number  the 
rented  farms  is  Matanzas,  where  4T.8  per  cent  were  owned,  while  in 
Santiago  nearly  two-thirds  were  rented,  and  in  Santa  Clara  nearly 
seven -tenths.  White  owners  outnumbered  colored  owners  many  times 
in  all  the  provinces  except  Santiago,  where  there  were  about  li  white 
owners  to  1  colored.  The  proportion  of  white  owners  to  white  renters 
was  much  greater  than  that  of  colored  owners  to  colored  renters.  White 
occupants,  including  owners  and  renters,  greatly  exceeded  colored  occu¬ 
pants,  in  most  cases  being  several  times  their  number.  In  Habana 
white  occupants  comprised  nearly  90  per  cent  of  all  occupants,  while 
colored  occupants  comprised  only  5.5  per  cent.  In  Matanzas  the  pro¬ 
portions  were  almost  equally  great.  In  Santiago  the  proportion 
between  white  and  colored  occupants  was  smallest,  there  being  53.3  per 
cent  white  occupants  to  40.8  per  cent  colored  occupants. 

Comparing  the  two  tables  with  one  another,  it  is  seen  that  white 
owners  occupied  much  the  larger  farms;  thus,  while  in  the  island  of 
Cuba  white  owners  comprised  22.9  per  cent  of  all  owners,  they  owned 
not  less  than  40.7  per  cent  of  all  the  cultivated  area.  In  each  province 
the  proportion  of  the  cultivated  area  which  was  owned  by  whites  was 
greater  than  the  proportion  of  the  number  of  whites  which  owned  it. 
In  all  other  cases  the  proportional  area  was  less  than  the  proportional 
number,  and  in  many  cases  the  disproportion  is  very  striking. 

The  classification  of  the  farms  in  Cuba  by  size,  both  as  to  number 
and  as  to  cultivated  area,  brings  out  many  interesting  facts,  which 
are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


CUBA. 


Classes. 

Per  cent 
of  num¬ 
ber  of 
farms. 

Per  cent 
of  culti¬ 
vated 
area. 

Under  £  caballeria . 

63.5 

15.5 

i  to  i  caballeria . 

19.2 

12.5 

i  to  i  caballeria . 

8.0 

9.5 

|  to  i  caballeria . 

2.1 

3.5 

i  to  3  caballeria . 

5  1 

16.1 

3  to  5  caballeria . 

.9 

7.0 

5  to  10  caballeria . 

.  7 

9.0 

Over  10  caballeria . 

.5 

26.9 

From  the  first  column,  which  classifies  the  number  of  farms,  it  is 
seen  that  nearly  two-thirds  were  under  one-fourth  of  a  caballeria ,  i.  e., 
less  than  8  acres  of  cultivated  area,  and  nearly  one-fifth  fall  in  the 
next  class,  i.  e.,  between  8  and  16  acres,  etc.  In  the  second  column, 
which  classifies  the  cultivated  area  of  these  farms  of  various  sizes,  the 
story  is  quite  different.  Comparing  the  two  columns,  it  is  seen  that  in 
the  lowest  class  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  farms  contained  less  than  one- 
seventh  of  the  cultivated  area;  in  the  next  class  about  one-fifth  of  the 
24662 - 35 


546 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


farms  contained  one-eighth  of  the  cultivated  area,  while  in  the  largest 
one-half  of  1  per  cent  of  all  the  farms  contained  nearly  27  per  cent  of  all 
the  cultivated  area  of  the  island,  or  more  than  one-fourth. 

The  two  following  tables  show,  first,  the  percentages  of  the  number 
of  farms  in  each  area  group,  classified  by  kind  of  tenure  and  by  race 
of  the  occupant;  second,  the  percentage  of  the  cultivated  areas  of 
farms,  classified  in  a  similar  manner. 


Percentages  of  the  number  and  area  of  farms,  bg  tenure  and  race. 


NUMBER. 


Under  £ 
caballe- 
ria. 

£  and 
under  £ 
caballe- 
ria. 

£  and 
under  £ 
caballe¬ 
ria. 

£  and 
under  1 
caballe¬ 
ria. 

1  and 
under  3 
caballe- 
rias. 

3  and 
under  5 
cabal  le- 
rias. 

5  and 
under  10 
caballe- 
rias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners . 

56 

20.3 

9.2 

2.4 

7.9 

1.6 

1.2 

1.4 

White  renters . 

60 

21.1 

9.1 

2.4 

5.6 

.9 

.6 

.3 

Colored  owners . 

75. 6 

14.8 

6 

1 

2.6 

Colored  renters . 

77 

15.0 

5.2 

.8 

1.8 

•) 

Mixed  . 

70.8 

16 

*  6 

1.6 

3.8 

.8 

.5 

.5 

Total . 

63.4 

19.2 

8.1 

2.1 

5. 1 

.9 

.  7 

.5 

AREAS. 


White  owners . 

7.6 

7.3 

6 

2.4 

13.7 

7.1 

10.5 

45.  4 

White  renters . 

16.3 

15.1 

11.9 

4.7 

19.4 

7. 7 

9.2 

15.7 

Colored  owners . 

36.9 

19.2 

12.4 

2.8 

14.1 

4.6 

6.4 

3.6 

Colored  renters . 

41.1 

2-2.2 

14.1 

3.5 

11.9 

3.6 

2.6 

1 

Mixed  . 

20.3 

12.8 

8.4 

3.4 

14, 1 

7.4 

6.9 

26.7 

Total . 

15. 5 

12.5 

9.5 

3.5 

16.1 

7.0 

9.0 

26.9 

From  the  first  of  these  tables  it  is  seen  that  the  number  of  farms  of 
the  smallest  size,  viz,  under  one-fourth  of  a  coiballeria ,  were  occu¬ 
pied  in  greater  proportion  by  colored  than  by  whites,  while  in  the 
other  classes  the  number  of  whites  was  the  greater.  In  this  matter 
there  is  no  decided  distinction  between  the  farms  owned  and  those 
rented. 

Dividing  all  farms  into  two  classes — those  which  were  under  1  cabal- 
leria  and  those  which  were  over  1  coiballeria  in  cultivated  area — it 
appears  that  of  the  farms  owned  by  whites  87.9  per  cent  were  less  than 
1  caballeria  in  size;  of  those  rented  by  whites,  92.6  per  cent;  of 
those  owned  by  colored,  97.4  per  cent,  and  of  those  rented  b\T  colored, 
98.1  per  cent.  Of  the  farms  of  the  largest  size,  those  of  over  10 
cahallerias  in  cultivated  area,  the  proportion  of  those  owned  whites 
exceeded  the  proportion  rented  by  whites,  or  rented  or  occupied  by 
colored. 

From  the  second  table  it  appears  that  the  farms  owned  by  whites  were 
in  area  far  the  largest.  Of  this  class  those  under  1  caballeria  in  size 
were  collectively  only  24  per  cent  of  the  entire  area  owned  bv  whites, 
while  those  above  1  caballeria  in  area  comprised  76  per  cent,  or 
more  than  three-fourths;  and  the  farms  of  10  caballeriae  and  over 


PINERY. 


AGRICULTURE. 


547 


contained  not  less  than  45.4  per  cent  of  all  the  cultivated  area  owned 
by  whites. 

The  farms  rented  by  whites  were  smaller  than  those  owned,  48  per 
cent  of  the  area  being  comprised  in  farms  of  less  than  1  cciballeria 
in  area  and  52  per  cent  in  those  of  more  than  1  cciballeria.  Farms 
owned  by  the  colored  were  still  smaller,  those  under  1  caballeria 
comprising  71.3  per  cent  of  the  entire  area,  while  those  above  1 
caballeria  comprised  only  28.7  per  cent.  The  farms  occupied  by  col¬ 
ored  renters  were  still  smaller.  Those  under  one-fourth  of  a  caballeria 
comprised  only  41.1  per  cent  of  the  entire  area,  and  those  under  1 
caballeria  comprised  80.9  per  cent,  or  more  than  four-fifths  of  the 
entire  area. 

Products. — The  returns  of  farm  products  were  obtained  through 
the  enumerators  only  in  terms  of  area  cultivated  in  the  various  crops. 
No  attempt  was  made  to  obtain  the  amounts  or  values.  •  The  following 
table  shows  the  areas,  expressed  in  cordels ,  of  which  there  are  324  in 
a  caballeria ,  or  approximately  10  to  an  acre,  which  was  planted  in 
each  of  the  principal  crops,  together  with  the  percentage  of  the  culti¬ 
vated  area  in  each  crop: 


Cordels. 

Per  cent. 

■ 

Sugar  cane . 

Sweet  potatoes . 

Tobacco . 

4,142,016 
973, 629 
817, 452 
753,  627 
639,  042 
303,  603 
283,  363 
137,854 

47.3 

11.3 
9.3 
8  6 

Bananas  . 

Indian  corn . 

7.3 

Malangas . 

3.4 

3.2 

Yucca  T . 

Coffee . 

1.  & 

Cocoanuts .  . 

120,261 
119,  525 
42,076 
30, 030 
26, 808 
26, 782 
23,418 
14,274 

.1.4 
1.  4 

Cocoa . j>. . 

Rice . 

.5 

Yams . 

.3 

Irish  potatoes . 

.3 

Pineapples . 

.3 

Oranges . 

.3 

Onions . 

.‘2 

The  table  shows  that  very  nearly  one-half  of  the  cultivated  area  of 
Cuba  was  planted  in  sugar  cane;  that  the  next  crop  of  importance, 
in  which  11.3  per  cent  of  the  cultivated  area  was  planted,  was  sweet- 
potatoes,  while  tobacco,  for  which  crop  the  island  is  quite  as  cele¬ 
brated  as  for  sugar  cane,  occupied  only  9.3  per  cent  of  the  cultivated, 
area,  being  third  in  importance  as  measured  in  area  cultivated. 
Bananas  and  Indian  corn  occupied  nearly  as  much  ground.  Coffee,  at 
one  time  a  product  of  great  importance  in  Cuba,  occupied  only  1.6 
per  cent  of  the  cultivated  area,  and  most  other  crops  were  of  even  less 
importance. 

The  following  table  shows,  by  percentages,  the  distribution  of  the 
area  cultivated  in  each  crop  by  the  tenure  of  the  occupant  and  his  race, 
the  occupants  being  classified  as  white  owners,  white  renters,  colored 


548 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


owners,  and  colored  renters,  and  others,  and  the  figures  being  per¬ 
centages  of  the  entire  area  devoted  to  each  crop: 


White 

owners. 

White 

renters. 

Colored 

owners. 

Colored 

renters. 

Other. 

Tobacco . 

22. 4 

65.  7 

0.  8 

8  3 

2.8 
3.3 
8  5 

Sugar  cane . 

55.6 

36.6 

0.9 

3.6 

14.8 

Rice . 

27.3 

45.7 

3.7 

Sweet-potatoes . 

26.8 

53.0 

2.5 

13. 1 

4  6 

Irish  potatoes . 

30.0 

58.8 

0.5 

3.2 

21.3 

7  5 

Y  ams . 

19.5 

43.5 

8.2 

7.5 

Bananas . 

38.0 

41. 1 

4.  7 

10.  7 

5.5 

Cocoanuts . 

48.5 

15.5 

14.8 

15.5 

5.  7 

Coffee . 

36.1 

17.3 

25.6 

17.9 

3. 1 

Onions . 

33.2 

54.7 

1.6 

5.3 

5.2 

Pineapples . 

39.  4 

50.2 

1.2 

3.1 

6. 1 

Cocoa  . 

26.4 

12.5 

33.7 

25.0 

2.4 

Mai  an  gas . 

19.0 

65.0 

1.5 

11.6 

2.  9 

Oranges . 

40.9 

45.9 

2.3 

6. 1 

4.8 

Indian  corn . 

27.5 

49.9 

2.9 

14.0 

5.7 

Y'ucca . 

24.1 

46.6 

3.4 

17.7 

8.2 

It  will  be  recalled  that  the  cultivated  area  was  distributed  as  follows, 
b}T  tenure  and  race: 

Per  cent. 


White  owners .  40.  7 

White  renters . 44.  2 

Colored  owners .  2.  8 

Colored  renters .  8.  2 

White  occupants .  84.  9 

Colored  occupants .  11.0 

Owners . - . 43.5 

Renters .  52.  4 


It  will  be  seen,  on  examination  of  the  above  table,  that  in  the  case 
of  tobacco,  sugar,  Irish  potatoes,  onions,  pineapples,  and  oranges,  the 
proportion  of  land  occupied  by  whites  was  in  excess  of  their  propor¬ 
tion  of  the  whole  cultivated  area,  and  that  in  the  case  of  the  other  crops 
this  proportion  was  less;  in  other  words,  the  crops  above  enumerated 
were  produced  by  wdiite  men  in  greater  proportion  than  by  colored, 
while  in  the  case  of  the  other  crops  the  situation  was  reversed.  This  is 
particularly  the  case  with  sugar,  of  which  more  than  nine-tenths  of  the 
crop  was  produced  by  white  men,  and  only  a  trifling  proportion  by 
colored. 

Turning  now  to  owners  versus  renters,  as  concerned  with  different 
products,  it  is  seen  that  sugar,  cocoanuts,  coffee,  and  cocoa  were  raised 
upon  owned  land  in  greater  proportion  than  the  average  of  the  culti¬ 
vated  area,  while  in  the  case  of  the  other  crops  the  situation  is 
reversed.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  crops  which  were  cultivated  mainly 
upon  owned  estates  are  those  of  a  permanent  character,  as  distin¬ 
guished  from  annual  crops. 


AN  AVENUE  OF  ROYAL  PALMS,  MATANZAS. 


AGRICULTURE. 


549 


Sugar  cane. — Each  province  of  Cuba  produced  sugar  cane,  but  in 
varying  amounts,  as  shown  by  the  following  table: 


Cordels. 

Per  cent. 

Santa  Clara . 

1,735, 000 
1,245,501 
691,100 
279, 444 
105, 500 
85, 471 

41.9 

Matanzas . 

30.1 

Santiago . .- . 

16.7 

Habana . 

6.7 

Puerto  Principe . 

2.5 

Pinar  del  Rio . - . 

2.1 

Assuming  that  the  product  is  proportional  to  the  area  under  culti¬ 
vation,  it  appears  that  Santa  Clara  produced  not  less  than  41.9  per  cent 
of  the  product  of  the  island,  and  Matanzas  30.1  per  cent.  Considering 
the  relative  areas  of  the  two  provinces  it  is  seen  that  Matanzas  is,  in 
proportion  to  its  area,  of  rather  more  importance  in  the  sugar  industry 
than  Santa  Clara.  Santiago  produced  16.7  per  cent,  or  one-sixth  of 
the  product  of  the  island,  and  Habana  but  one-sixteenth.  The  amounts 
produced  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Pinar  del  Rio  were  little  more  than 
trifling. 

Of  the  total  area  of  cultivated  land  in  Cuba,  47.3  per  cent  was,  as  is 
stated  above,  planted  in  sugar  cane.  The  proportion  of  the  cultivated 
area  planted  in  this  product  differed  widely  in  different  provinces, 
showing  a  corresponding  difference  in  the  relative  importance  attached 
to  this  crop  in  different  parts  of  the  island.  The  following  table  shows 
the  percentage  of  the  cultivated  land  which  in  each  province  was  planted 
in  sugar  cane: 

Per  cent. 


Matanzas .  78.  4 

Santa  Clara . 71.  3 

Puerto  Principe .  34.  7 

Santiago .  34.  5 

Habana .  27.  0 

Pinar  del  Rio .  6. 1 


Thus  it  appears  that,  considering  its  area,  Matanzas  is  the  most 
important  of  the  provinces  of  Cuba  in  this  regard,  nearly  four-fifths 
of  its  cultivated  area  being  devoted  to  sugar  cane.  In  Santa  Clara 
nearly  three-fourths  of  the  cultivated  area  is  thus  used,  while  at  the 
other  extreme  is  Pinar  del  Rio,  where  only  one-sixteenth  was  planted 
in  sugar  cane. 

Tobacco. — Tobacco  was  produced  in  each  of  the  provinces  of  the 
island,  but  in  differing  degrees  of  importance,  as  is  shown  by  the 
following  table: 


Cordels. 

Per  cent. 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

590. 353 
106,632 

103. 354 
11,489 

4,674 

72.2 

Habana . 

13. 1 

Santa  Clara . . . 

12.6 

Santiago . 

1.4 

Matanzas . 

.6 

Puerto  Principe . 

950 

.1 

550 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


If  we  measure  the  amount  of  tobacco  produced  by  the  area  under 
cultivation,  the  product  of  Pinar  del  Rio  was  72.2  per  cent,  or  nearly 
three-fourths  of  the  entire  product  of  Cuba.  Habana  and  Santa  Clara 
together  produced  a  little  more  than  one-fourth,  while  the  amount 
raised  in  Santiago,  Matanzas,  and  Puerto  Principe  is  comparatively 
trifling. 

Of  the  total  cultivated  area  of  Cuba,  9.6  per  cent  were  planted  in 
tobacco.  The  proportion  of  the  cultivated  area  of  the  several  provinces 
which  was  planted  in  tobacco  differs  widely,  as  is  seen  below: 

Per  cent. 


Pinar  del  Rio .  42. 4 

Habana .  10.3 

Santa  Clara .  4.  2 

Santiago . 6 

Puerto  Principe . 3 

Matanzas . 3 


Thus  it  appears  that,  considering  tobacco  relative  to  other  agricul¬ 
tural  interests,  it  was  most  prominent  at  the  west  end  of  the  island,  in 
Pinar  del  Rio  primarily  and  in  Habana  secondarily,  and  that  elsewhere 
it  was  a  crop  of  comparatively  little  importance,  although  cultivated 
widelv  to  a  small  extent. 

These  are  the  two  great  export  crops  of  the  island.  The  others  are 
raised  almost  entirely  for  home  consumption,  and  their  distribution  is 
a  matter  of  less  interest. 

The  cultivation  of  sweet  potatoes  is  distributed  quite  generally  over 
the  island,  but  is  greatest  in  the  two  extreme  provinces,  Pinar  del  Rio 
and  Santiago. 

The  cultivation  of  bananas  is  also  quite  general,  although  in  the 
province  of  Santiago  much  greater  attention  is  paid  to  it  than  else¬ 
where,  the  area  under  cultivation  being  about  three-sevenths  of  that 
of  the  island. 

Indian  corn  is  a  grain  of  much  importance  in  the  agriculture  of  Cuba. 
It  is  raised  in  every  province  in  considerable  quantities,  but  most 
attention  is  paid  to  it  in  Santiago. 

Malanga,  a  farinaceous  root,  is  raised  quite  generally  for  food 
throughout  the  island,  but  more  than  two-thirds  of  it  is  produced  in 
the  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  only  a  trifling  amount  in  Puerto 
Principe. 

Yucca  is  produced  in  every  province,  but  apparently  the  most  atten¬ 
tion  is  paid  to  it  in  Santiago,  in  which  province  is  situated  nearly  one- 
half  of  the  area  under  this  crop  in  the  island. 

Coffee,  once  a  crop  of  great  importance,  is  now  produced  only  to  a 
small  extent,  and  that  almost  entirely  in  the  provinces  of  Santa  Clara 
and  Santiago.  In  the  latter  province  are  situated  about  three-fourths 
of  the  coffee  lands  of  the  island. 

The  cultivation  of  the  cocoanut  palm  is  confined  almost  entirely  to 


CLIMBING  THE  ROYAL  PALM. 


AGRICULTURE. 


551 


Santiago,  in  which  province  is  more  than  four-fifths  of  the  area 
devoted  to  its  cultivation. 

The  distribution  of  the  production  of  cocoa  is  very  similar,  being 
confined  almost  entirely  to  Santiago. 

The  production  of  rice,  which  is  of  little  importance,  is  distributed 
with  considerable  uniformity. 

The  production  of  yams  is  in  great  part  confined  to  Santiago,  which 
province  contributes  more  than  one-half  the  island’s  product. 

Irish  potatoes  are  raised  only  to  a  very  limited  extent.  Their  cul¬ 
tivation  is  scattered  widel}T,  but  nearly  half  of  them  are  produced  in 
the  province  of  Habana. 

Pineapples  are  produced  in  every  province,  but  more  than  four- 
fifths  of  the  product  comes  from  Habana. 

Oranges  are  raised  in  every  province,  but  in  Habana  and  Matanzas 
to  a  much  greater  extent  than  elsewhere. 

Of  the  onion  product,  more  than  two-thirds  come  from  the  province 
of  Habana. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  province  of 
Puerto  Principe  are  in  the  main  pastoral,  the  leading  product  being 
live  stock,  a  special  tabulation  was  made  of  its  pasture  lands.  The 
total  area  of  the  pasture  lands  in  this  province  was  16,666  caballerias ,  or 
approximately  550,000  acres.  This  land  was  owned  and  occupied  in 
the  manner  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Caballe¬ 

rias. 

Per  cent. 

White  owners . 

6,720 

40 

White  renters . 

4' 996 

30 

Colored  owners . 

232 

1 

Colored  renters . 

617 

4 

Other  . 

4,101 

25 

Total . 

16, 666 

100 

From  this  it  appears  that  two-fifths  of  the  pasture  lands  of  the  prov¬ 
ince  were  owned  by  whites  and  three-tenths  of  them  were  rented  by 
whites.  The  amount  occupied  by  colored  was  trifling,  the  greater  part 
of  the  remainder  being  incapable  of  classification  and  given  under  the 
head  of  “other.” 

Live  stock. — Table  LII  shows  the  number  of  live  stock  on  farms 
and  elsewhere,  by  provinces.  The  live  stock  on  farms  is  also  classified 
by  the  tenure  of  the  farms.  The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  results: 


Horses 

Mules 

Asses . 

Pigs . . 

Goats 

Sheep 

Fowls 


88, 001 
18,  474 
1,842 
858,  868 
18,564 
9,982 
1,517,892 


552  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Cattle .  376, 650 

Oxen .  164,  948 

Steers . .  10, 714 

Bulls .  13,  279 

Young  bulls .  36, 125 

Cows .  82,  338 

Heifers .  12,  366 

Yearling  calves .  15,676 

Other  calves .  41,  204 

Other  animals .  2,  777 


The  total  amount  of  live  stock  is  small,  considering  the  size  of  the 
island  and  its  population.  Horses  are  comparatively  few  in  number; 
mules  are  apparently  little  used,  while  oxen  are  the  chief  draft  animals. 
The  number  of  sheep  is  trifling. 

Sugar  mills. — An  attempt  was  made  upon  the  farm  schedules  to  obtain 
statistics  concerning  the  number,  capacity,  and  production  of  the  sugar 
mills,  or  centrals ,  of  Cuba,  and  it  is  believed  that,  considering  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  sugar  industry  at  the  time  the  census  was  taken,  the 
results  are  quite  as  satisfactory  as  could  have  been  expected.  Many 
of  the  mills  were  in  ruins,  many  others  had  been  injured  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent,  and  none  of  them  were  in  operation  at  the  time  of  the 
census,  as  the  cane  crop  had  not  at  that  time  been  harvested. 

The  schedules  received  from  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara,  in  which 
provinces  most  of  the  sugar  is  produced,  were  quite  satisfactory.  The 
most  defective  schedules  came  from  Pinar  del  Rio,  Puerto  Principe, 
and  Santiago,  which  were  relatively  of  little  importance  in  the  matter 
of  sugar  production,  and  in  which  the  sugar  mills  are,  as  a  rule,  small. 

Summing  up  the  returns  given  by  the  schedules,  it  appears  that 
Cuba  contained  at  the  time  of  the  census  207  mills,  of  all  sizes,  which 
were  in  condition  to  be  operated.  Their  capacity  was  jointly  8,754,192 
arrobas  of  cane.  The  average  daily  production  of  these  mills  was 
61,407  bags  of  sugar,  at  200  pounds  per  bag.  There  were  connected 
with  these  mills  85  stills,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  161,751  gallons  of 
rum. 

In  the  following  table  the  results  are  set  forth  by  provinces: 


Sugar  centrals. 


Provinces. 

No. 

Capacity 
of  cane. 

Production 
per  day. 

St 

Number. 

ills. 

Capacity 
per  day. 

Habana . 

20 

71 

7 

3 

73 

42 

Arrobas. 

858, 050 
3,342,200 
118,700 
170,000 
3,512,600 
752, 542 

Bags. 
6,025 
23, 406 
785 
1,180 
22, 750 
7, 261 

6 

25 

Gallons. 
3.850 
72, 929 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

2 

25 

27 

2,900 
30,600 
51, 472 

Santiago . 

Cuba . 

207 

8, 754, 192 

61,407 

85 

161,751 

ROPING  CATTLE. 


AGRICULTURE 


553 


TABLES  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Table  XLIY. — Farm  areas  in  Caballerias. 


Provinces. 

Number 
of  farms. 

Total  area. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated,  1899. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated  in 
1895. 

Large  tim¬ 
ber. 

Small  tim¬ 
ber. 

Habana . 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago . 

Cuba .  . 

6,159 
4,083 
10, 408 
2, 382 
16, 129 
21,550 

25, 244.  96 
30,616.77 
33, 827. 34 
61,365.08 
57,171.12 
54, 633. 22 

3. 193. 21 
4,902.35 
4, 303. 78 

938. 83 
7,514.91 

6. 179. 22 

7,213.46 
11,086. 90 
3,816.71 

10, 945. 45 
8, 728.35 

1,884.96 
1, 468.  99 
10, 430. 38 
25, 269.  77 
7,733.34 
26, 336. 88 

1,  408.  78 
1,899.76 
3, 716. 37 
12, 033. 59 
5,  900.  92 
11,341.11 

60,711  262,858.49 

27, 032. 30 

73, 124. 32 

36,  300. 53 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Districts. 

Number 
of  farms. 

Total  area. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated  in 
1899. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated  in 
1895. 

Large  tim¬ 
ber. 

Small  tim¬ 
ber. 

Aguacate . 

47 

471. 13 

73. 82 

190. 65 

40. 50 

34 

Alquizar . 

235 

908. 97 

126. 24 

247.  95 

8. 55 

80.44 

Bainoa . 

148 

382. 13 

121.10 

275.  28 

11.43 

22.07 

Batabano . 

101 

1,594.50 

77.48 

357. 57 

28. 87 

312. 62 

Bauta . 

191 

832.  76 

157.57 

331.70 

.03 

113.54 

Bejucal . 

166 

260. 19 

45. 47 

65.30 

24.18 

4.50 

Cano . 

249 

515.  90 

130. 10 

79.  78 

30.  30 

38.36 

Casiguas . 

21 

100. 23 

29. 56 

23. 42 

4. 99 

.99 

Catalina . 

169 

521.07 

90.83 

217.21 

9.68 

25. 93 

Cieba  del  Agua . 

155 

223. 07 

54.32 

110.  25 

.12 

12.74 

Guanabacoa . 

368 

611.54 

134.61 

175.  73 

9.70 

14.87 

Guara . 

47 

477.  76 

16. 56 

160. 62 

49.50 

30. 25 

Guines . 

289 

1,059.62 

236. 43 

546 

10.35 

118.10 

Guira  de  Helena . 

569 

947. 65 

257. 29 

338. 93 

3. 15 

7.  77 

Habana . 

269 

419.81 

120.  54 

72.  60 

5.85 

7.62 

Isla  de  Pinos . 

94 

7,030.96 

25.  69 

14. 72 

1,233.31 

93.  06 

Jaruco  . 

169 

687.  95 

76.16 

158. 18 

26.  75 

47.12 

Mad  ruga . 

165 

515. 50 

82.90 

306. 43 

31.50 

19. 12 

Managua . 

142 

508. 84 

73.37 

189. 04 

35. 25 

17.80 

Marianao . 

77 

150. 21 

68.31 

95. 84 

6.  50 

4.12 

Helena  del  Sur . 

46 

401.30 

88.68 

246. 33 

1 

6 

Nueva  Paz . 

298 

843.  79 

171. 27 

460.41 

28.  75 

95. 88 

Pipian . 

142 

367. 10 

72.69 

226. 10 

89. 75 

47.49 

Quivican . 

90 

375. 06 

49.75 

208. 58 

79. 50 

4.25 

Regia . 

1 

.87 

.62 

Salud . 

320 

493. 46 

107. 10 

227. 12 

2.58 

42.57 

San  Antonio . 

75 

600. 83 

51.59 

270. 30 

.10 

72.87 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . 

523 

735.  76 

168. 68 

157.  53 

4.82 

19.75 

San  Felipe . 

39 

240. 55 

5.94 

172 

San  Jos6  de  las  Lajas . 

146 

420. 45 

49.15 

174.  65 

54.48 

28.  33 

San  Nicolas . 

151 

623. 82 

77.15 

280.  59 

9. 99 

23.48 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . 

135 

843. 50 

134.  22 

391.20 

12. 20 

26.95 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

92 

163. 39 

31.87 

41.05 

2 

2.08 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas . 

180 

348. 18 

94.48 

107.  26 

9.41 

20. 81 

Tapaste . 

120 

330. 02 

33.92 

193.  64 

19.  62 

2.56 

Verada  Nueva . 

130 

237.  09 

57. 75 

99.50 

.25 

10.  74 

Total . 

6, 159 

25, 244.  96 

3, 193.  21 

7,213.46 

1,884.96 

1 , 408.  78 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Alacranes . 

219 

1,500. 36 

391.81 

574.  98 

112.92 

128. 88 

Bolondrdn . 

165 

2,428.80 

301. 06 

1, 056. 13 

136.  99 

159. 84 

Cabezas  . 

189 

1,049.45 

216. 12 

236. 79 

18.25 

68.  50 

Can  a  si . 

30 

616.23 

73.93 

194.  50 

20 

73.75 

Cardenas . 

17 

202. 46 

80. 02 

59.34 

Carlos  Rojas . 

78 

824.  50 

96.42 

352. 98 

20. 58 

Colon  . . .  . 

300 

1,619.87 

245.  03 

498.  91 

85.12 

49.23 

Cuevitas . 

274 

1,552.82 

253. 93 

469.  67 

43.66 

61.81 

Guamacaro . 

73 

1,461.31 

137.  36 

522. 10 

22 

165.  74 

Jagiiey  Grande . 

508 

1,713  66 

252.  25 

394. 12 

460.  47 

61.45 

Jovellanos . 

90 

658. 09 

178. 05 

399. 21 

14.25 

Macagua . 

93 

1,356.28 

81.35 

248. 23 

247.  86 

100.  26 

Macuriges . 

282 

2, 107. 23 

424.  77 

947. 67 

89 

69.11 

Marti . 

113 

1,835. 28 

236.11 

460. 62 

24. 25 

122.03 

Matanzas . 

624 

2,  681. 96 

308. 45 

862. 87 

24.50 

507. 97 

554 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XLIV. — Farm  areas  in  Caballerias — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Districts. 

Number 
of  farms. 

Total  area. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated  in 
1899. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated,  in 
1895. 

Large  tim¬ 
ber. 

Small  tim¬ 
ber. 

Maximo-Gomez . 

135 

905. 96 

153. 56 

372. 57 

54.63 

Mendez  Capote . 

100 

726.50 

133.23 

233. 63 

4.23 

28. 02 

Palmillas . 

162 

2,310.  67 

310.  36 

726. 09 

65. 39 

57.07 

Perico . 

56 

508.80 

142.  31 

196.29 

.13 

1.50 

Roque . 

208 

1, 675. 43 

253.88 

728.96 

104. 27 

52.70 

Sabanilla . 

150 

1, 215.45 

224. 13 

707.90 

4.93 

12. 59 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

96 

678. 25 

216. 50 

304. 71 

.02 

40. 54 

Santa  Ana . 

75 

736 

75. 29 

386.  62 

5 

49.31 

UniOn  de  Reves . 

46 

251.41 

116. 43 

152. 01 

Total . 

4,083 

30, 616. 77 

4, 902. 35 

11,086.90 

1,468.  99 

1,899. 76 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Artemisa . 

493  1, 157. 10 

211.  78 

260. 17 

34.75 

117.01 

Bahia  Honda . 

48  652. 31 

26.54 

42.00 

285.  75 

77.00 

Cabanas  . 

137  1,305.64 

155. 40 

225. 50 

17.  75 

157.  87 

Candelaria . 

232  2, 163.  74 

135. 12 

192.35 

161.96 

282. 59 

Consolacion  del  Norte . 

825  1,339.31 

226. 69 

41. 22 

396.  73 

234. 27 

Consolacion  del  Sur . 

1,103  2,262.72 

463. 43 

402. 52 

20.  75 

51.51 

Guana jay  . 

262  179. 07 

67. 11 

10.  46 

1.02 

Guane' . 

742  10, 205.  92 

371. 31 

176.  65 

6, 823. 90 

992.68 

Guayabel . 

146  580. 00 

83.10 

409. 61 

9. 37 

23. 37 

Julian  Diaz . 

138  1,049.36 

50. 47 

1.50 

200.00 

2.50 

Los  Palacios . 

213  592. 13 

78. 97 

102. 56 

82. 25 

63. 25 

Mdntua . 

762  4,605.23 

230.  78 

320.  78 

1 , 843. 57 

618. 97 

Mariel . 

149  725. 09 

90.60 

411.67 

1.00 

134. 69 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

2, 298  2,113.28 

903. 47 

209. 87 

7. 05 

142. 30 

San  Cristobal . 

288  1,045.98 

158. 09 

197. 28 

147.  76 

161.54 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos . 

241  771.07 

81.18 

100.04 

113.  62 

140. 13 

San  Diego  de  Munoz . 

42  188. 21 

23.35 

30.00 

. 

65. 00 

San  Juan  v  Martinez . 

766  .  1,181.28 

470. 62 

384.49 

11.33 

138.  96 

San  Luis . 

544  570. 31 

213. 52 

66. 28 

.  50 

94.00 

Vinales . 

979  1, 139. 59 

262. 26 

231.  76 

272. 34 

217.47 

Total . 

10, 408  33, 827.  34 

4, 303.  78 

3, 816. 71 

10, 430. 38 

3,  716. 37 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Ciego  de  Avila . 

Moron  . 

379 

383 

153 

1,304 

163 

10,  773.34 
4,890.28 
4,939.95 
34,006.15 
6,  755. 36 

95.44 
111.04 
327.  74 
352. 27 
52.  34 

4, 304. 52 
1,604.51 
1,421.20 
15, 129.  36 
2,810. 18 

2,021.74 

1,209.05 

1,589.96 

5,921.79 

1,291.05 

Nue  vitas . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

Total . 

2,382 

61,365.08 

938.83 

25, 269. 77 

12, 033. 59 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


Abreus . 

Caibaricn . 

Calabazar . 

Camajuan: . 

Cartagena . 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

Cienfuegos . 

Cifuentes . 

Cruces . 

Esperanza  . 

Palmira . 

Plaeetas  . 

Quemadas  de  Guines . 

Rancho  Veloz . 

Ranchuelo . 

Rodas . 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 


96 

415. 87 

115. 26 

102.88 

1.50 

24.  75 

82 

455. 63 

73.52 

69.18 

41.16 

46. 17 

700 

2, 903. 69 

464.  78 

700.94 

390.  74 

209.55 

674 

1,066.44 

267. 95 

533. 42 

14.86 

16.66 

320 

1,745.28 

225.  70 

415. 61 

46.  75 

217.  95 

470 

1,772.  42 

119.53 

199  35 

4.  41 

100  83 

1, 545 

7,021.15 

1,435.29 

1,152. 47 

1,260  46 

913.  76 

209 

643.  93 

41.72 

104.33 

8. 64 

24.96 

143 

535. 82 

121.  72 

350.  55 

.47 

7  47 

630 

1,108.63 

212.  72 

446.88 

21.01 

40  47 

78 

588. 44 

180. 01 

247. 17 

1.00 

438 

2, 060. 61 

208.  40 

284.  84 

247.  36 

115  00 

.503 

1,288. 76 

222.  99 

543.07 

79.99 

36  33 

467 

1 , 235. 05 

225. 86 

280. 44 

46.  48 

38.22 

134 

466.02 

99.  39 

175. 54 

6.00 

8.  49 

256 

1 , 472. 06 

377.  97 

668. 52 

22.50 

5.03 

365 

1,511.71 

188.71 

175.  32 

24.49 

287.08 

1,206 

1,355.52 

293.  58 

407.  82 

186.95 

193.73 

1,632 

8, 724. 00 

285.19 

359.  21 

1,622.09 

1, 329. 11 

554 

964. 94 

71.93 

92.19 

51.78 

124.56 

AGRICULTURE 


555 


Table  XLIY. — Farm  areas  in  Caballerias — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Districts. 

Number 
of  farms. 

Total  area. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated  in 
1899. 

Area  culti¬ 
vated  in 
1895. 

Large  tim¬ 
ber. 

Small  tim¬ 
ber. 

San  Fernando . 

451 

1,177.84 

372. 97 

440. 50 

9. 81 

20.23 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

474 

1,029. 84 

121.09 

263. 05 

5.00 

90. 20 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . 

625 

1,630. 65 

341.28 

643. 21 

113.63 

160. 25 

Santa  Clara . 

1,726 

4,404.17 

302. 44 

520. 98 

648.  66 

709. 44 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas 

262 

1,631.50 

393. 41 

608.  08 

28. 25 

20. 42 

Santo  Domingo . 

835 

1,748.69 

228. 43 

395. 23 

92. 28 

186. 58 

Trinidad . 

915 

5, 996. 64 

271.80 

317.13 

1,920.  37 

568. 43 

Yaguajay . 

339 

2,215. 82 

251. 27 

447. 54 

837.  70 

404. 25 

Total . 

16, 129 

57, 171. 12 

7,514.91 

10, 945. 45 

7, 733. 34 

5, 900.  92 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


Alto  Songo . 

1,515 

1,942.78 

291. 23 

327.17 

819.41 

749. 95 

Baracoa . 

2,110 

2,  702. 46 

676. 97 

1,248.20 

796. 01 

1,163.97 

Bay  am  o . 

1,373 

4, 153.  78 

444.  63 

223.  04 

1,319. 43 

1,163.64 

Campechuela . 

321 

1,186.54 

296. 41 

305. 00 

487.  74 

137. 80 

Caney .  . 

611 

2, 235. 61 

78.  81 

131.40 

1,225. 37 

276. 10 

Cobre . 

1,253 

4, 123. 82 

258.  78 

317.17 

4, 203. 96 

144. 59 

Cristo . 

19 

4.35 

2. 08 

2. 10 

Gibara  . 

1,205 

3,  770. 49 

980.  44 

1,288.49 

1,550. 87 

651.91 

Guantanamo . 

1,262 

4, 546. 43 

714.  92 

815.51 

1,896.  93 

834. 80 

Holguin . 

3,260 

13, 834. 84 

449. 97 

1,303.54 

6,  582.  99 

2,  758. 17 

Jiguani . 

863 

1,506.42 

230. 87 

225. 90 

286. 65 

150. 83 

Manzanillo . . 

2,033 

2, 640. 48 

526. 08 

699. 25 

1,169.05 

242.  95 

Mayari . 

734 

595. 00 

148. 03 

210.  71 

219.  40 

186. 65 

Niquero . 

265 

189. 09 

83.15 

134. 96 

3.75 

19. 68 

Palma  Soriano . 

1,404 

1,681.88 

■  224.17 

456. 01 

790. 43 

376. 62 

Puerto  Padre . 

1,119 

5, 415.  79 

403. 44 

492. 02 

2, 361. 78 

1,710.69 

Sagua  de  T&namo . 

628 

2,313.60 

106. 85 

100. 48 

2, 053. 68 

46.79 

San  Luis . 

1,289 

1, 094. 87 

193. 89 

341. 25 

475.  36 

241.78 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

286 

694.  99 

68. 50 

108. 25 

94.07 

482. 09 

Total . 

21, 550 

54, 633. 22 

6, 179. 22 

8, 728. 35 

26, 336. 88 

11,341.11 

Table  XLY. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant.  Number. 


CUBA. 


Total 

number. 

Under 

I  caba- 
lleria. 

I  and 
under 

I  caba- 
lleria. 

£  and 
under 
i  caba- 
lleria. 

f  and 
under 

1  caba- 
lleria. 

1  and 
under 

3  caba¬ 
llerias. 

3  and 
under 

5  caba¬ 
llerias. 

5  and 
under 
10  caba¬ 
llerias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners . 

13, 898 

7, 797 

2,807 

1, 273 

340 

1,090 

227 

177 

187 

White  renters . 

29, 737 

17,878 

6, 266 

2, 703 

709 

1, 649 

257 

166 

109 

Colored  owners . 

3,092 

2,338 

459 

172 

26 

77 

10 

8 

2 

Colored  renters . 

11,247 

8,643 

1,680 

592 

97 

202 

22 

9 

2 

Other . 

2,737 

1,935 

438 

165 

45 

105 

22 

13 

14 

Total . 

60, 711 

38, 591 

11, 650 

4,905 

1,217 

3, 123 

538 

373 

314 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


White  owners . 

2,027 

724 

635 

309 

81 

219 

26 

24 

9 

White  renters . 

3,506 

1, 151 

1,159 

654 

176 

313 

32 

19 

2 

Colored  owners . 

47 

28 

11 

7 

1 

Colored  renters . 

289 

119 

105 

44 

9 

12 

Other . 

290 

129 

82 

37 

15 

16 

5 

4 

2 

Total . 

6, 159 

2,151 

1,992 

1,051 

282 

560 

63 

47 

13 

556 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


Table  XLV. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant.  Number — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Total 

number. 

Under 
t  caba- 
lleria. 

i  and 
under 
i  caba- 
lleria. 

1  and 
under 
}  caba- 
lleria. 

}  and 
under 

1  caba- 
lleria. 

1  and 
under 

3  caba- 
llerias. 

3  and 
under 

5  caba- 
llerias. 

5  and 
under 
10  caba- 
llerias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners . 

1,826 

617 

434 

203 

79 

256 

100 

71 

66 

White  renters . . 

1,644 

641 

413 

197 

75 

214 

41 

36 

27 

Colored  owners  . 

129 

70 

28 

14 

12 

4 

1 

Colored  renters . 

408 

248 

99 

26 

6 

23 

4 

1 

1 

Other . 

76 

27 

9 

9 

3 

16 

7 

3 

2 

Total . 

4,083 

1,603 

983 

449 

163 

521 

156 

112 

96 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


White  owners . 

1,325 

273 

415 

306 

62 

227 

24 

10 

8 

White  renters . 

7, 202 

2,821 

2, 338 

1,123 

299 

546 

55 

16 

4 

f'nlnred  owners. 

121 

37 

63 

9 

5 

7 

CYilnrpd  renters . 

1.654 

838 

515 

214 

29 

57 

1 

Other  . 

106 

54 

26 

13 

3 

7 

3 

Total . 

10, 408 

4,023 

3,  So  / 

1,665 

398 

844 

79 

26 

16 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


Whitp  owners . 

649 

460 

128 

33 

8 

18 

.  2 

White  renters  . 

953 

686 

148 

72 

11 

30 

2 

2  2 

Polnrpfi  owners 

30 

17 

10 

2 

1 

Onlnred  renters  .... 

141 

105 

21 

9 

1 

4 

1 

Other  . 

609 

318 

150 

66 

20 

49 

5 

.  1 

Total . 

2, 382 

1,586 

457 

182 

40 

102 

8 

2  5 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


White  owners . 

4,216 

2,927 

598 

204 

76 

216 

60 

60 

75 

White  renters . 

8,799 

6,587 

1,100 

363 

108 

397 

106 

79 

59 

Onlnred  owners . 

354 

310 

28 

7 

4 

1 

2 

2 

Onlnreri  renters 

2,383 

1,998 

202 

99 

16 

51 

14 

3  .. 

Other . 

377 

324 

24 

11 

2 

6 

4 

3 

3 

Total . 

16, 129 

12, 146 

1,952 

684 

202 

674 

185 

117 

139 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


White  owners . 

3, 855 

2, 796 

597 

218 

34 

154 

17 

,2 

27 

White  renters . 

7,633 

5, 992 

1,108 

294 

40 

149 

21 

14 

15 

Colored  owners . 

2,411 

1,876 

319 

133 

20 

53 

5 

5 

Polorerl  renters 

6’  372 

5, 335 

738 

200 

36 

55 

3 

5 

Other . 

lj  279 

L  083 

147 

29 

2 

ii 

1 

3 

3 

Total . 

21,550 

17,082 

2,909 

874 

132 

422 

47 

31 

45 

Table  XLYI. —  Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant.  Cultivated  area. 

CUBA. 


Total 

area. 

Under  £ 
caballe- 
ria. 

i  and 
under  \ 
caballe- 
ria. 

£  and 
under  f 
cabal  le- 
ria. 

§  and 
under  1 
caba- 
lleria. 

1  and 
under  3 
caballe- 
rias. 

3  and 
under5 
caballe- 
rias. 

5  and 
under  10 
caballe- 
rias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners . 11, 180.53 

851 . 22 

815. 87 

671.60 

266. 50 

1,534.06 

790.68 

1, 176.15 

5, 074.45 

White  renters . 11,826  94 

1,92-2.58 

1,790.  33 

1,411.02 

553. 37 

2, 296. 18 

915. 27 

1 , 082. 22 

1,855.97 

Colored  owners _  743.80 

274.  66 

142. 15 

92. 28 

20.  75 

104.75 

34.29 

47. 92 

27. 00 

Colored  renters _  2, 191 . 75 

'.'(Ml.  52 

485. 92 

308. 03 

77. 16 

260. 62 

78.  40 

57. 10 

24.00 

Other .  1,089.37 

2-21.58 

139. 30 

91.56 

36.84 

153. 46 

80.06 

75. 20 

291.37 

Total .  27,032.39 

4, 170. 56 

3|  3/3*  5/ 

2,574.49 

954.62 

4, 349. 07 

1,898.70 

2. 438. 59 

7,  272. 79 

AGRICULTURE 


557 


Table  X  L  VI. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant.  Cultivated  area — Cont’ d. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Total 

area. 

Under  i 
eaballe- 
ria. 

i  and 
under  4 
caballe- 
ria. 

i  and 
under  J 
caballe- 
ria. 

J  and 
under  1 
caba- 
lleria. 

1  and 
under  3 
caballe- 
rias. 

3  and 
under  5 
caballe- 
rias. 

5  and 
under  10 
caballe- 
rias. 

10  and 
over. 

White  owners . 

1,284.49 

91.38 

181.22 

163. 05 

62.31 

301.74 

92.00 

148. 79 

244. 00 

White  renters . 

Colored  owners. . . . 

Colored  renters _ 

Other . 

L  650. 12 

10. 11 

142.  71 
2.86 

337. 16 
2.75 

342. 69 
3.  75 

137.  91 
.  75 

414.  73 

113. 87 

126. 05 

35. 00 

88.16 
160.  33 

13.02 

30.08 

22.  71 

7.15 

15.  20 

14.02 

24.18 

19. 54 

11.53 

21.72 

20. 09 

28. 00 

21.25 

Total . 

3, 193. 21 

263. 99 

575.  39 

551.74 

219. 65 

753. 39 

225.  96 

302. 84 

300. 25 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


White  owners . 

White  renters . 

Pnlnrpd  nwrtprs 

3,141.50 
1,469.15 
62. 15 
126.  98 
102.  57 

64.67 
67.72 
7.  08 
23.  21 
2.51 

120. 45 
116. 20 
7.78 
27. 25 
2.44 

106. 83 
102. 37 
7. 26 
13.58 
4.86 

62. 43 
58.19 

385. 68 

317. 68 
19.  97 
27.  70 
25. 27 

351.  30 
154. 84 
14. 06 
14.00 
24. 46 

467. 11 
239.  50 
6. 00 
6.62 
15.00 

1,583.03 
412. 65 

Colored  renters. . . . 
Other . 

4.62 

2.41 

10.  00 
25.  62 

Total . 

4,902.  35 

165. 19 

274. 12 

234.  90 

127. 65 

776. 30 

558. 66 

734. 23 

2,031.30 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


White  owners . 

White  renters . 

Colored  owners. . . . 
Colored  renters. . . . 
Othpr 

892.  63 
2,  826.  64 
36. 81 
454. 67 
93.03 

32.29 
341. 05 
4.39 
99.54 
5. 08 

112.40 
631.18 
16.29 
139.  32 
6.93 

153. 94 
570.  81 
4.50 
109.  31 

6.  50 

47. 25 
228. 66 
3.63 
22. 63 
2.27 

287. 98 
714.  32 

8 

69. 87 
9.25 

78. 50 
190. 37 

65.62 
95.  25 

114.65 

55.00 

14.00 

63.00 

Total . 

4,  303. 78 

482. 35 

906. 12 

845. 06 

304. 44 

1,089.42 

268. 87 

160. 87 

246. 65 

PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


White  owners . 

392. 06 
266. 24 
7.49 
34.79 
238. 34 

47.57 
68.  72 
1.87 
11.36 
39.19 

40. 21 
47. 34 
3.16 
6.43 
51.96 

18. 04 
41.  92 
1.11 
5.15 
38.  39 

6.74 

9.54 

23. 50 
37.36 
1.35 
6.  99 
72. 23 

256. 00 
42.  00 

White  renters . 

Colored  owners _ 

8. 22 

11.14 

Colored  renters. . . . 

.86 

17.43 

4 

19.14 

Other . 

Total . 

938. 92 

168.  71 

149. 10 

104.  61 

34.57 

141.43 

31.36 

11.14 

298. 00 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


White  owners . 

3,162.12 

275.  98 

173. 44 

111.93 

60. 15 

319.  79 

212.  73 

420.  33 

1,587.77 

White  renters . 

3, 721.92 

612. 95 

323. 29 

197. 02 

86.46 

597.  49 

376. 21 

523.  28 

1 , 005.  22 

Colored  owners. . . . 

82. 69 

26.  24 

8.  09 

3.83 

3.50 

3.  03 

11.00 

27.00 

Colored  renters. . . . 

426. 32 

163. 29 

58. 34 

52.54 

13.  03 

70.  54 

50. 00 

18.  58  4 

Other . 

121.86 

26. 42 

6.48 

6. 36 

1.53 

10. 20 

13.37 

16.00 

41.  50 

Total . 

7, 514. 91 

1,104.88 

569.  64 

371.  68 

161. 17 

1,001.52 

655. 34 

989. 19 

2,661.49 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


White  owners . 

White  renters . 

Colored  owners. . . . 

2, 307. 73 
1,892. 87 
544.56 
1,060. 83 
373. 24 

339.  33 
689. 43 
232. 22 
590. 10 
134.36 

188. 15 

335.16 
104.08 
224.50 

47.31 

117.81 
156.21 
71.83 
104.  74 
15.  91 

27.  62 
32.  61 
16.  37 

28.  87 
1.67 

215. 37 
214. 60 
71.93 
70.  32 
14.79 

56. 15 
71.  76 
17. 20 
10.40 
3.00 

74.  30 
87.  00 
30.92 
31.90 
16.20 

1,289 
306. 10 

Colored  renters. . . . 
Other . 

140. 00 

Total . 

6, 179.  22 

1,985. 44 

899.  20 

466.  50 

107.14 

587. 01 

158. 51 

240. 32 

1,735. 10 

Table  XLV1I. — Areas  cultivated  in  principal  crops,  in  cordels. 

CUBA. 


558 


REPORT 


ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


05  iO  X  X  X 

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Table  XLVI1. — Acres  cultivated  in  principal  crops,  in  cordels — Continued. 

PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


AGRICULTURE 


559 


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Colore 

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Other 

560 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Table  XLVIII. — Sugar  plantations  classified  by  area. 


Total. 

0-323 

cordels. 

324-971 

cordels. 

972- 

1,019 

cordels. 

1,020- 
3, 239 
cordels. 

3,240- 

8,099 

cordels. 

8, 100- 
16,199 
cordels. 

16, 200- 
32, 399 
cordels. 

32, 400 
cordels 
and 
over. 

White  owners . 

4, 541 

3,094 

398 

147 

130 

107 

41 

13 

5 

White  renters . 

6,  730 

5, 752 

587 

170 

125 

83 

11 

2 

Colored  owners . 

520 

493 

18 

3 

5 

1 

Colored  renters . 

2,045 

2,555 

03 

18 

7 

2 

Other . 

1,085 

1,023 

28 

10 

8 

8 

1 

1 

Total . 

15, 521 

13, 517 

1,094 

354 

281 

201 

53 

15 

6 

Table  XLIX. — Number  and  average  size,  in  cordels,  of  sugar  plantations. 


Province. 

Total. 

White  own¬ 
ers. 

White  rent¬ 
ers. 

Colored  own¬ 
ers. 

Colored  rent¬ 
ers. 

Other. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Habana . 

1,099 
2, 133 

2  54 

435 

345 

557 

195 

4 

91 

58 

77 

45 

348 

Matanzas  .... 

584 

1,049 

802 

797 

430 

60 

188 

182 

119 

45 

620 

Pinardel  Rio. 

178 

480 

44 

826 

101 

368 

30 

281 

3 

1,191 

Puerto  Prin- 

cipe . 

1,419 

74 

346 

251 

527 

17 

21 

10 

99 

9 

426 

20 

Santa  Clara.. 

5;  474 

317 

1,646 

481 

2,704 

307 

134 

93 

869 

86 

121 

223 

Santiago . 

5,218 

132 

1,021 

390 

2, 044 

92 

301 

42 

1,407 

27 

445 

121 

Total. . . 

15, 521 

267 

4,541 

507 

6,730 

225 

520 

71 

2,  645 

56 

1,085 

126 

Table  L. — Tobacco  plantations  classified  by  area. 


• 

Total. 

0-80 

cordels. 

81-161 

cordels. 

162-242 

cordels. 

243-323 

cordels. 

324  cor¬ 
dels  and 
over. 

White  owners . 

3,131 

2, 463 

365 

158 

43 

102 

White  renters . 

10,203 

8,119 

1,309 

448 

105 

222 

Colored  owners . 

190 

171 

10 

6 

1 

2 

Colored  renters . 

1,943 

1,695 

196 

39 

3 

10 

Other . 

364 

325 

19 

9 

2 

9 

Total . 

15, 831 

12, 773 

1,899 

660 

154 

345 

Table  LI. — Number  and  average  size,  in  cordels,  of  tobacco  plantations. 


Total. 

White  own¬ 
ers. 

White  rent¬ 
ers. 

Colored  own¬ 
ers. 

Colored  rent¬ 
ers. 

Other. 

Province. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num¬ 

ber. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Num. 

her. 

Aver¬ 

age 

size. 

Ilabana . 

2, 527 

42 

709 

49 

1,620 

39 

14 

29 

86 

25 

98 

57 

Matanzas  .... 

90 

52 

42 

66 

36 

27 

4 

159 

5 

10 

3 

74 

Pinardel  Rio. 
Puerto  Prin- 

8,133 

73 

1,126 

101 

5,586 

72 

77 

50 

1,260 

45 

84 

185 

cipe . 

79 

12 

21 

18 

27 

9 

1 

2 

3 

8 

27 

11 

Santa  Clara . . 

4,334 

668 

24 

1,148 

26 

2,604 

25 

68 

10 

422 

15 

92 

8 

Santiago . 

17 

85 

19 

330 

18 

26 

17 

167 

18 

60 

10 

Total... 

15,831 

52 

3, 131 

58 

10, 203 

53 

190 

32 

1,943 

35 

364 

63 

Table  LII. — Live  dock. 


AGRICULTURE 


561 


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-36 


Table  LII. — Live  stock—  Continued. 


562 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF 


CUBA,  1899. 


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EDUCATION. 


565 


EDUCATION. 

Before  describing  the  system  of  schools  in  Cuba  and  presenting  the 
results  of  the  census  as  shown  in  the  schedules  of  education,  it  has 
been  thought  advisable  to  give  a  brief  history  of  the  subject  as  being 
of  much  interest  to  Cubans.  This  would  not  have  been  practicable 
from  such  investigation  as  the  Director  of  the  Census  has  been  able  to 
make,  but  fortunately  the  recent  report  of  Mr.  Robert  L.  Packard  to 
the  Commissioner  of  Education  of  the  United  States  (see  Report  of 
the  Commissioner,  vol.  1,  1897-98)  on  education  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico 
and  the  Philippines  has  removed  all  difficulty  on  this  point  and  no 
apolog}7  is  thought  necessary  for  the  copious  extracts  taken  from  his 
interesting  and  valuable  memoir. 

It  may  be  said  b}7  way  of  preface  that  before  the  nineteenth  century, 
education  in  Spain,  as  elsewhere  in  Europe,  was  confined  almost 
exclusively  to  the  children  of  those  who  could  pay  for  it.  Public  and 
free  schools  were  but  little  known.  It  is  hardly  to  be  expected,  there¬ 
fore,  that  the  colonies  of  Spain  would  take  more  advanced  ground  or 
show  greater  interest  in  education  as  a  means  of  general  improvement 
than  the  mother  country,  in  which  the  degree  of  illiteracy  was,  until 
very  recently,  as  great  as  in  any  other  civilized  nation. 

Commenting  on  the  state  of  education  in  the  early  days  of  Cuba, 
Mr.  Packard  remarks  as  follows: 

Even  in  Habana,  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  there  were  no  public 
elementary  schools,  and  the  need  of  them  became  so  evident  that,  by  the  munificence 
of  a  citizen  (Caraballo),  the  Bethlehem ite  fathers  opened  a  school  where  reading, 
writing,  and  arithmetic  were  taught,  which  was  attended  by  200  pupils.  In  Villa 
Clara  a  school  was  in  existence  since  the  foundation  of  the  town,  in  1689.  In  1712 
the  philanthropic  Don  Juan  Congedo,  of  Remedios,  opened  a  free  school  there,  and 
another  in  1757  at  Carmen.  Another  was  opened  at  Arriaga  in  1759;  but  on  the 
death  of  Congedo  these  schools  were  closed.  Don  Juan  Felix  de  Moya  reopened  that 
at  Carmen,  and  the  municipality  in  1775  voted  $25  a  year  for  the  support  of  the 
other,  but  both  ceased  to  operate  definitely  in  1787.  In  1771  Matanzas,  seventy- 
eight  years  after  its  foundation,  authorized  its  governor  to  engage  a  school-teacher  in 
Kabana. 

Nor  were  secondary  studies  of  a  high  character  in  the  last  century.  Then,  and 
subsequently,  too,  as  the  historian,  Bachiller,  quoted  by  Mitjans,  remarks,  more 
attention  was  paid  to  the  pretentious  form  than  the  substance,  and  the  title  of 
academy  or  institute  was  given  to  institutions  which  were  hardly  more  than  pri¬ 
mary  schools,  which  held  out  inducements  of  a  speedy  preparation  for  the  univer¬ 
sity.  At  that  time,  it  should  be  remembered,  the  natural  sciences  had  not  reached 
the  importance  they  subsequently  attained,  and  the  study  of  philosophy  required  the 
royal  permission,  so  that  secondary  instruction  was  reduced  to  a  superficial  study 
of  the  humanities,  especially  Latin,  which  occupied  the  leading  place  on  account  of 
its  use  in  fitting  for  the  university  and  because  teachers  of  Latin  were  easily  found 
among  the  clergy,  who  were  the  principal  factors  of  education  at  that  period.  All 
this  may  be  said  without  detracting  from  the  praiseworthy  efforts  and  antiquity  of 
some  institutions  like  the  Chapter  of  Habana,  which  in  1603,  convinced  of  the  need 


566 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


of  a  teacher  of  grammar,  voted  a  hundred  ducats  for  the  support  of  one  who  should 
teach  Latin;  but  as  the  plan  did  not  meet  with  the  royal  approbation  they  were 
obliged  to  drop  the  project,  only  to  revive,  it  afterwards  with  a  larger  salary.  In  the 
same  year  the  municipality  provided  for  continuing  classes  in  grammar  by  a  monk 
of  the  convent,  which  had  been  suspended.  In  1607  Bishop  Juan  de  las  Cabezas 
Altamirano  founded  the  Tridentine  Seminary,  the  citizens  offering  to  pay  part  of 
the  expenses  annually.  The  secular  clergy  also  gave  lessons  in  Latin  and  morals,  as 
Conyedo  did,  who  prepared  students  for  the  priesthood  in  Villa  Clara,  and  later  Fr. 
Antonio  Perez  de  Corcho,  who  gave  lectures  on  philosophy  in  the  monastery  of  his 
order.  By  the  bull  of  Adrian  VI  of  April  28,  1522,  the  Scholatria  was  established 
at  Santiago  de  Cuba  for  giving  instruction  in  Latin,  and  by  his  will,  dated  May  15, 
1571,  Capt.  Francisco  de  Paradas  left  a  considerable  sum  for  the  foundation  of  a 
school  in  Bavamo,  which  in  1720  was  intrusted  to  the  charge  of  two  monks  of  San 
Domingo,  in  whose  hands  the  estate  increased.  In  1689  the  College  of  San  Ambro- 
sio  was  established  in  Habana  with  12  bursarships  for  the  purpose  of  preparing 
young  men  for  the  church,  but  it  did  not  fulfill  its  purpose,  and  subsequently 
received  the  severe  censure  of  Bishop  Hechavarria  Yelgueza  on  account  of  its  defec¬ 
tive  education,  which  had  become  reduced  to  Latin  and  singing.  Fr.  Jos6  Marfa 
Penal ver  opened  a  chair  of  eloquence  and  literature  in  the  convent  of  La  Merced  in 
1788,  which  also  was  not  a  success. 

After  these  attempts  the  foundation  of  a  Jesuit  college  in  Habana  gave  a  new 
impulse  to  education.  From  the  first,  according  to  the  historian  Arriete,  quoted  by 
Mitjans,  the  priests  of  this  order  had  observed  the  inclination  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Habana  toward  education,  and  Pezuela  states  in  his  history  of  Cuba  that  the  munici¬ 
pality  in  1656  wished  to  establish  a  college  of  the  order,  but  the  differences  between 
the  Jesuits  and  the  prelates  in  the  other  colonies  had  been  so  frequent  that  the 
bishops  and  priests  in  Habana  opposed  the  plan.  But  as  the  population  increased 
the  demands  for  the  college  multiplied,  and  in  1717  a  citizen  of  Habana,  Don  Gre¬ 
gorio  Diaz  Angel,  contributed  $40,000  in  funds  for  the  support  of  the  college.  The 
necessary  license  was  obtained  in  1721;  three  more  years  were  spent  in  selecting  and 
purchasing  the  ground,  when  the  institution  was  opened  under  the  name  of  the  Col¬ 
lege  of  San  Ignacio.  The  old  college  of  San  Ambrosio,  which  had  been  under  the 
direction  of  the  Jesuits  since  its  establishment  in  1689,  was  then  united  with  it, 
although  the  old  college  still  retained  its  distinctive  character  as  a  foundation  school 
for  the  church. 

As  early  as  1688  the  ayuntcimiento  (or  city  council)  of  Habana  applied  to  the 
Royal  Government  to  establish  a  university  in  the  city  in  order  that  young  men 
desirous  of  study  might  not  be  compelled  to  go  to  the  mainland  or  Spain.  This 
request  was  furthered  by  Bishop  Valdes,  and  finally,  by  a  letter  of  Innocent  XIII  of 
September  12,  1721,  the  fathers  of  the  convent  of  S.  Juan  de  Letran  were  authorized 
to  found  the  institution  desired,  and  after  some  years  of  preparation  it  was  opened 
in  1728,  but  the  chairs  of  morals,  philosophy,  and  canon  law  were  filled  previously 
by  the  Dominicans  even  before  the  funds  were  available.  The  university,  by  the 
order  received,  was  to  have  been  modeled  upon  that  of  Santo  Domingo,  but  finally 
the  task  of  preparing  the  regulations  for  the  new  university  was  intrusted  to  the 
fathers  above  mentioned  by  a  royal  letter  in  1732,  and  they  were  approved  by  the 
university  authorities,  the  Captain-General,  and  in  Spain  by  the  Council  of  the  Indies 
on  June  27,1734.  The  rectors,  vice-rectors,  counselors,  and  secretaries  were  to  be 
Dominicans,  a  condition  that  produced  innumerable  rivalries  and  disputes  until  1842. 
The  first  professors  were  appointed  to  their  positions  without  limit  of  time.  After¬ 
wards  they  obtained  their  places  by  competition  and  for  a  term  of  six  years  only. 
The  first  rector,  Fr.  Tomas  de  Linares,  was  appointed  by  the  King  in  1728,  but  his 
successors  were  elected  by  the  university  authorities  and  were  renewed  annually. 
Among  the  early  rectors  were  Bishop  Morell,  *of  Santa  Cruz,  and  the  renowned 
Cuban  orator,  Rafael  del  Castillo.  Unfortunately  fora  century  the  university  was 


A  TYPICAL  MUNICIPAL  SCHOOL  BUILDING. 


EDUCATION. 


567 


an  insignificant  element  of  culture  and  was  only  useful  as  a  subject  of  boasting  on 
the  part  of  Spain  that  she  had  introduced  her  civilization  on  this  side  of  the  water 
and  on  that  of  the  Cubans  that  they  were  advancing  in  sciences  and  arts.  Several 
causes  tended  to  restrict  the  value  of  the  university.  In  the  first  place,  it  was 
modeled  on  a  sixteenth  century  pattern.  The  Aristotelian  system  prevailed  in  its 
entirety.  The  professor  of  mathematics  was  to  teach,  besides  practical  arithmetic, 
which  consisted  of  the  first  four  rules  with  the  aurea,  elementary  geometry,  trigono¬ 
metry,  and  astronomy  and  its  “deductions  for  the  use  of  our  Lord  and  King.”  There 
were  polemical  and  civil  architecture,  geography,  the  sphere,  mechanics,  optics,  etc. 
These  subjects  should  have  been  included  in  the  course  of  philosophy,  and  there 
were  few  students  even  of  the  four  rules  and  the  aurea.  The  philosophical  system 
was  the  scholastic,  with  its  eternal  sumulas  and  involved  system  of  logic  and  its 
defective  ideas  of  physics.  The  course  lasted  three  years,  the  first  two  of  which 
were  occupied  with  logic  and  the  Aristotelian  philosophy.  But  the  university  would 
not  have  benefited  much  more  if  it  had  been  modeled  upon  a  Spanish  university  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  because  the  mother  country  was  on  the  low  scientific  level 
to  which  the  deadly  politics  of  the  Austrians  had  reduced  her.  When  Charles  III 
urged  the  rectors  of  universities  in  Spain  to  reform  education,  he  was  told  that  it  was 
impossible  to  depart  from  the  Aristotelian  system  or  follow  the  innovations  of  Galileo 
and  Newton,  because  they  were  not  in  accord  with  inviolable  tradition.  Further¬ 
more,  it  was  not  always  possible  to  find  suitable  teachers  in  Cuba.  For  this  reason 
the  chair  of  mathematics  was  vacant  for  a  long  time.  Sometimes  the  Government 
refused  to  adopt  very  useful  ideas  on  behalf  of  the  university,  either  by  negligence 
or  ignorance,  or  for  economical  reasons.  Thus  the  rector,  in  1761,  petitioned  for 
the  erection  of  a  chair  of  experimental  physics,  which  was  refused,  and  two  of 
mathematics,  only  one  of  which  was  granted.  A  new  plan  of  study  was  drawn  up, 
in  view  of  the  pressing  need  of  reform,  but  was  allowed  to  lie  unnoticed.  In  1795 
Don  Jose  Augustin  Caballero  made  an  address  in  the  section  of  sciences  and  arts 
of  the  Sociedad  Economica,  in  which  he  deplored  the  backward  condition  of  educa¬ 
tion,  which,  he  said,  retarded  and  embarassed  the  progress  of  the  arts  and  sciences, 
without,  however,  any  fault  on  the  part  of  the  teachers,  who  could  only  obey  and 
execute  their  instructions.  On  motion  of  Senor  Caballero  a  representation  was 
made  to  the  King,  by  a  committee  of  the  society,  of  the  necessity  of  reforming 
education  in  the  inland,  beginning  with  the  university.  The  committee  declared, 
among  other  things,  that  no  mathematics  was  taught,  nor  chemistry,  nor  practical 
anatomy.  General  Las  Casas  supported  this  motion,  but  the  Government  took  no 
action.  The  same  indifference,  or  worse,  was  manifested  by  the  Spanish  Govern¬ 
ment  in  other  parts  of  America.  It  refused  to  permit  the  foundation  of  academies, 
or  universities,  or  chairs  of  mathematics,  law,  or  pilot  schools  (the  latter  being  pure 
luxuries,  the  decree  said) .  The  cacique,  Don  Juan  Cirillo  de  Castilla  endeavored 
during  thirty  years  to  obtain  permission  to  establish  a  college  for  Indians  in  his 
native  country,  but  died  finally  in  Madrid  without  obtaining  it.  The  archbishop  of 
Guatemala  left  money  by  his  will  for  establishing  a  chair  of  moral  philosophy,  but 
the  minister  directed  the  money  to  be  sent  to  Spain,  it  having  been  improperly 
devised,  as  he  declared.  Charles  IV  prohibited  the  establishment  of  the  University 
of  Merida  in  Maracaibo  on  the  ground  that  he  did  not  deem  it  expedient  that  enlight¬ 
enment  should  become  general  in  America.  There  were  other  instances  of  the  same 
policy  in  Chile  and  Peru;  and  yet,  notwithstanding  all  these  restrictions,  Humboldt 
observed  “a  great  intellectual  movement  and  a  youth  endowed  with  a  fair  faculty 
for  learning  the  sciences — a  sure  sign  of  the  political  and  moral  revolution  that  was 
in  preparation.” 

In  Santiago  de  Cuba  the  seminary  of  San  Basilio  Magno  was  founded  by  Bishop 
Francisco  Geroniino  Valdes  in  1722,  for  ecclesiastical  studies,  with  an  endowment  of 
12,000  pesos.  This  establishment,  however,  did  not  come  into  operation  until  the 
latter  part  of  the  last  century.  More  important  was  the  foundation  of  the  college 


568 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


and  seminary  of  San  Carlos  and  San  Ambrosio  in  Habana  in  1773,  which  was  not 
destined  exclusively  for  the  education  of  ecclesiastics,  but  included  three  courses  of 
philosophy  and  letters  preparatory  to,  and  besides,  the  higher  faculties  of  theology, 
law,  and  mathematics,  the  last  two  of  which,  however,  were  not  opened  until  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century. 

******* 

The  second  epoch  in  the  intellectual  history  of  Cuba  began  with  the  administration 
of  Don  Luis  de  las  Casas,  whose  name  is  held  in  grateful  remembrance  by  Cubans, 
and  who  inaugurated  a  new  era  by  his  zealous  and  noble  enthusiasm  in  promoting 
intellectual  and  educational  activity.  He  founded  the  first  literary  periodical  and 
the  Sociedad  Economica  (sometimes  called  Patriotica)  de  Habana,  which  has  been 
the  first  mover  in  all  the  advances  in  the  material  interests  and  education  of  the 
island.  With  him  cooperated  an  eminent  physician,  Dr.  Romay;  Arango,  the  dis¬ 
tinguished  writer  on  economics;  Caballero;  Penalver,  archbishop  of  Guatemala;  and 
many  others.  The  Sociedad  Economica  was  charged  by  a  royal  order  with  the  care  of 
education  in  Cuba.  An  inventory  was  taken  of  the  primary  schools  in  1793  and  a 
deplorable  state  of  affairs  was  found.  In  Habana  there  were  only  39  schools,  32  of 
which  were  for  girls,  and  the  instruction  was  of  the  worst,  nothing  but  reading  being 
taught  in  many  of  them  which  were  in  charge  of  colored  women.  The  society  then 
founded  two  free  schools  for  the  poor  of  both  sexes.  The  society  met  with  much 
opposition,  in  part  from  Bishop  Trespalacios,  who  was  envious  of  Las  Casas,  but  it 
succeeded  in  founding  schools  with  the  help  of  the  religious  orders,  particularly  the 
school  of  the  Benificencia  in  1799  and  the  Ursu lines  in  1803.  It  endeavored  to  estab¬ 
lish  members  of  the  order  of  San  Sulpicio,  which  had  met  with  such  success  with 
education  in  New  Orleans,  but  without  result.  Outside  the  capital  gratuitous 
instruction  for  the  people  did  not  exist,  except  in  isolated  cases  due  to  individual 
efforts,  principally  of  the  clergy.  In  1801  the  Sociedad  took  another  school  census 
and  found  the  number  of  schools  in  the  city  to  be  71,  with  2,000  pupils,  most  of 
which  were  not  under  the  government  and  were  taught  by  ignorant  colored  women 
who  had  neither  method  nor  order.  Recognizing  these  fatal  defects,  the  society 
endeavored  to  induce  the  government  to  issue  regulations  reforming  the  schools  and 
providing  faithful,  competent,  and  interested  teachers,  but  without  result.  In  1816 
the  section  of  education  was  formed  and  the  government  granted  $32,000  for  primary 
instruction,  and  at  this  time  some  improvements  in  the  condition  of  this  branch  were 
made.  But  notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  individuals,  the  funds  were  insufficient 
for  the  growing  needs,  and  some  of  the  new  schools  had  only  an  ephemeral  existence. 

Secondary  and  superior  education. — The  society  also  devoted  its  energies  to  opening 
new  branches  of  study  in  higher  education.  In  1793  it  was  proposed  to  found  a 
chair  of  chemistry,  and  a  subscription  of  $24,615  was  immediately  raised;  but  owing 
to  the  difficulty  of  finding  a  professor  in  Europe  the  chair  was  not  filled  until  1819. 
The  apparatus  was  brought  from  Europe,  and  after  some  delay  quarters  for  a  labora¬ 
tory  were  found  in  the  hospital  of  San  Ambrosio.  The  first  professor  was  Don  Jos6 
Tasso. 

The  society  in  1794  formed  a  plan  of  secondary  instruction,  which  included  mathe¬ 
matics,  drawing,  physics,  chemistry,  natural  history,  botany,  and  anatomy.  (The 
date  and  scope  of  this  plan  are  noteworthy.  Its  spirit  is  quite  modern.)  The  crea¬ 
tion  of  a  botanic  garden  was  proposed  in  1795,  but  the  plan  did  not  meet  with  such 
enthusiasm  as  the  chemical  laboratory,  which,  it  was  hoped,  might  be  of  use  to  the 
sugar  industry.  The  course  of  anatomy  was  opened  in  1797.  In  this  same  year  a 
real  revolution  took  place  in  the  instruction  in  philosophy  at  the  Colegio  Seminario 
de  San  Carlos,  the  old  Aristotelian  philosophy  becoming  replaced  by  modern  meth¬ 
ods  in  the  lectures  on  logic  of  Caballero.  But  in  1811,  when  Felix  Varela  took  the 
chair  of  philosophy,  the  old  system  received  its  death  blow,  the  names  of  modern 
thinkers  became  familiar  in  the  schools,  and  their  doctrines  were  freely  examined. 


EDUCATION. 


569 


The  students  were  taught  to  use  their  reason  as  a  guide  and  to  ignore  all  the  useless 
quibbles  and  confused  terminology  of  the  scholastic  philosophy.  One  of  his  pupils, 
afterwards  well  known  in  Cuba,  Don  Jose  de  la  Luz,  said  of  his  teacher,  “He  was 
the  first  who  taught  us  to  think.”  He  also  used  Spanish  instead  of  Latin  in  his  lec¬ 
tures,  retaining  the  latter  only  one  day  in  the  week  in  order  that  its  use  might  not 
be  forgotten.  Part  of  his  Institutions  of  Eclectic  Philosophy  were  published  in 
Spanish.  In  physics  Varela  was  also  an  esteemed  professor,  but  later  on  this  chair 
at  the  college  was  filled  by  Jose  Antonio  Saco,  who  followed  in  brilliant  lectures, 
day  by  day,  the  most  recent  discoveries  made  in  Europe.  The  government  having 
ordered,  in  1813,  that  political  economy  should  be  taught  in  the  universities,  the 
Sociedad  Economica  established  a  chair  of  this  subject  in  San  Carlos  in  1818,  which 
was  supported  by  voluntary  subscriptions.  The  new  spirit  wTas  shown  further  by  a 
change  in  the  law  course  from  an  excessive  devotion  to  the  study  of  the  Roman 
digests  to  the  fuller  study  of  Spanish  law.  At  this  period  medicine,  which,  as  we 
shall  see,  received  such  preeminent  attention  at  a  later  period,  was  far  behind  the 
age.  Until  1824  there  was  no  chair  of  surgery,  and  chemistry  and  philosophy  were 
twenty  years  behind  the  times.  The  promoters  of  superior  instruction  in  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  the  new  epoch,  which  Mitjans  puts  between  1790  and  1820,  were  Las  Casas, 
Bishop  Espado,  and  the  intendent  Ramirez,  who  was  mainly  instrumental  in  organ¬ 
izing  the  instruction  in  chemistry  and  other  scientific  branches,  with  the  constant 
cooperation  of  the  Sociedad  Economica.  *  *  * 

In  the  second  period  of  the  new  epoch — from  1820  to  1842 — the  Sociedad  Eco¬ 
nomica,  always  in  the  vanguard  of  the  intellectual  movement,  began  to  find  the 
fruits  of  its  earlier  efforts  in  the  wTorks  of  the  younger  men  who  had  profited  by  them, 
and  in  1830  a  committee  on  history  was  formed  and  another  on  literature.  The  Gov¬ 
ernment  w^as  now  in  far  other  hands  than  those  of  Las  Casas,  and  did  its  best  in  the 
person  of  General  Tacon  to  suppress  the  new  political  and  ecomical  views,  mainly, 
it  is  true,  on  account  of  articles  which  appeared  in  the  journals  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  society.  Still,  in  1833,  by  virtue  of  a  royal  order,  the  committee  on 
literature  constituted  itself  an  independent  academy,  which  encouraged  or  founded 
literary  periodicals.  Its  sessions  were  the  place  of  meeting  for  all  the  leading  men 
in  Cuba  who  were  interested  in  letters  and  new  ideas,  and  it  collected  a  valuable 
library.  *  *  * 

The  political  changes  of  1820  in  Spain  had  their  effect  upon  education.  Upon  the 
suppression  of  the  convents  the  Government  gave  the  chapel  of  one  of  the  Augustine 
orders  to  the  Sociedad  Economica  for  establishing  a  normal  school,  and  established 
a  chair  of  constitutional  law  in  the  seminary  of  San  Carlos  and  in  the  university, 
but  both  the  normal  school  and  the  new  chairs  were  soon  after  suppressed  by  another 
political  change  in  1824,  and  the  $32,000  which  the  section  of  education  had  received 
from  the  municipality  for  elementary  education  was  also  reduced,  soon  after  which 
that  section  received  its  deathblow  by  the  royal  order  of  February  8,  1825,  withdraw¬ 
ing  the  funds  which  had  been  allotted  to  it,  in  consequence  of  which  it  wras  no  longer 
possible  to  maintain  the  new  free  schools.  It  is  to  be  observed  that  during  the  reign 
of  Ferdinand  VII  the  university,  which  was  more  directly  connected  with  the  Madrid 
Government,  suffered  more  than  San  Carlos,  which  was  protected  by  the  Sociedad 
Economica  and  the  diocesan  bishop,  and  it  remained  in  a  backward  state  until  the 
Government  commissioned  Francisco  de  Arango  to  examine  and  report  upon  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  institution,  which  task  he  accomplished,  with  the  aid  of  those  most 
interested  in  the  needed  reforms.  His  report  in  1827  led  to  the  reforms  embodied  in 
the  plan  of  1842.  The  medical  faculty  meanwhile  wras  reorganized  and  modernized, 
and  philosophy  also,  in  the  hands  of  the  new  teachers,  became  a  living  force,  the 
French  school  (Cousin)  being  represented  in  the  period  from  1840  to  1856. 

In  primary  and  secondary  education  a  great  advance  was  made  in  the  private  col¬ 
leges.  From  1827  to  1830  the  convenient  distinction  was  drawn  between  elementary 


570 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


and  superior  instruction,  and  new  colleges  were  established  (five  in  number)  in 
which  the  instruction  was  so  excellent  that  it  was  said  in  1830  that  there  was  no 
longer  any  need  to  send  young  men  abroad  for  their  education.  The  professors  in 
these  colleges  were  well-known  men  of  letters. 

As  to  free  primary  instruction,  outside  of  Habana  and  Matanzas  it  was  in  an 
exceedingly  backward  state.  The  census  of  1833  showed  that  there  were  only  9,082 
pupils  registered  in  the  schools  of  the  whole  island,  and  this  figure  is  far  above  the 
number  of  those  actually  attending.  There  were  then  190,000  or  200,000  inhabitants 
under  15  years  of  age.  The  provinces  of  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago,  with  250,000 
or  300,000  inhabitants  each,  had  1,408  and  991  pupils  in  school  in  1840,  respectively. 
In  Villa  Clara  there  was  only  one  school  from  1821  to  1834.  *  *  * 

Secondary  and  superior  instruction.' — The  royal  decrees  concerning  secondary  and 
superior  instruction  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  during  the  first  half  of  the  century 
provided  principally  for  making  valid  in  Spain  the  titles  of  licentiate  or  doctor 
obtained  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico.  In  1863  a  general  reform  of  public  instruction 
was  effected,  by  virtue  of  which  it  was  divided  into  primary,  secondary,  superior, 
and  professional  branches.  In  1871  a  decree  provides  that  professors  of  the  University 
of  Habana  are  eligible  for  professorships  in  Spain,  which  was  followed  in  1878  by  a 
decree  making  the  professorate  in  the  colonies  and  the  Peninsula  one  body. 

In  1880,  at  the  close  of  the  ten-year  insurrection,  special  schools,  which  had  been 
called  for  by  circumstances,  such  as  the  dental  college  of  Habana,  were  created, 
besides  societies  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce.  In  this  year  the  minister 
for  the  colonies  drew  up  a  memorial  of  the  unsatisfactory  condition  of  public  educa¬ 
tion  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  especially  in  regard  to  the  university  and  institute  of 
Habana.  It  recites  that  the  first  step  toward  secularizing  education  and  assimilating 
it  with  that  of  Spain  in  that  respect  was  taken  in  1842,  and  that  the  assimilation  was 
nearly  complete  by  1863,  as  far  as  legislation  and  form  were  concerned.  But  Cuba, 
he  adds,  was  not  then  prepared  for  so  vast  and  centralized  an  organization,  and 
many  obstacles  and  delays  arose  that  checked  the  proposed  reform.  The  insurrec¬ 
tion  of  1868  interfered  with  education  very  seriously,  interrupting  the  studies,  and  so 
making  it  difficult  or  impossible  for  students  to  finish  their  courses,  which  again 
unfitted  them  to  become  teachers  in  the  secondary  schools  which  were  soon  after 
established  all  over  the  island.  This  state  of  things  also  interfered  with  the  habili- 
tation  in  the  Peninsula  of  studies  followed  in  Cuba,  and  so  tended  to  separate  the 
two  countries  in  that  respect.  All  these  considerations  led  to  the  decree  of  June  18, 
1880,  regulating  superior  and  secondary  instruction,  and  coordinating  those  branches 
in  Cuba  with  the  same  grades  in  Spain  established  by  the  decrees  of  1874  and  order  of 
1875.  One  of  the  principal  features  of  this  decree  was  the  article  authorizing  the 
establishment  of  a  secondary  institution  in  the  capital  of  each  Cuban  province,  at 
the  expense  of  the  province  or  municipality,  with  a  subvention  from  the  Governor- 
General  from  the  estimates  for  the  island.  In  capitals  where  there  were  no  public 
secondary  institutes,  colleges  of  the  religious  orders  might  be  substituted  by  the 
Governor-General  with  the  advice  of  the  council.  But  the  degrees  granted  by  these 
private  institutions  were  to  be  verified,  as  only  the  degrees  of  public  institutions  were 
recognized.  In  accordance  with  this  decree  an  institute  of  secondary  education  was 
established  in  Porto  Rico  in  1882,  there  being  already  several  in  Cuba;  an  agricul¬ 
tural  commission  was  organized  in  Cuba,  and  in  1885  a  professional  school  was  estab¬ 
lished  in  Porto  Rico  like  those  in  Habana,  where  there  were  a  nautical  school,  a 
professional  school  proper,  fitting  its  students  to  practice  chemistry  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  and  an  art  school.  In  1886  the  following  plan  of  studies  were  drawn  up  for  the 
law  faculty  of  the  University  of  Habana,  which  we  give  here  for  the  sake  of  showing 

'From  the  Diccionario  de  Legislaci6n  de  Tnstruccldn  Publica.  Eduardo  Orbanejo.  Valladolid, 
1893. 


PUBLIC  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS,  MATANZAS. 


. 


■■  m  - 


EDUCATION. 


571 


the  scope  of  the  studies  in  that  department.  There  are  two  sections,  one  of  the 
candidates  for  the  licentiate  and  the  other  for  the  doctor’s  degree. 

Section  of  the  licentiate:  Metaphysics,  general  and  Spanish  literature,  critical 
history  of  Spain,  elements  of  law,  political  economy  and  statistics,  general  history  of 
Spanish  law,  principles  of  Roman  law;  Spanish  law,  civil,  common,  and  statute; 
criminal  law;  mercantile  law  of  Spain,  and  of  the  principal  countries  of  Europe  and 
America;  principles  of  canon  law,  political  and  administrative  law,  elements  of 
finance,  public  international  law,  private  international  law;  proceedings  in  civil, 
criminal,  canon,  and  administrative  law,  and  theory  and  practice  of  briefing  public 
instruments. 

Section  of  doctorate:  Philosophy  of  law,  higher  course  of  Roman  law,  church  his¬ 
tory  and  discipline,  public  ecclesiastical  law,  history  and  critical  examination  of  the 
principal  treaties  between  Spain  and  other  powers,  principles  of  public  law  of 
ancient  and  modern  peoples,  history  of  private  law  of  ancient  and  modern  peoples; 
law  literature,  principally  Spanish. 

A  similar  reform  was  effected  in  the  faculties  of  medicine  and  pharmacy  of  the 
University  of  Habana  in  1887  by  a  royal  decree,  which  brought  that  faculty  upon 
the  level  of  a  Spanish  university.  The  plan  of  studies  was  as  follows: 

Preparatory  course. — Physics,  advanced  course;  general  chemistry;  mineralogy  and 
botany;  zoology. 

These  subjects  were  to  be  studied  in  the  faculty  of  sciences  and  natural  history. 

Section  of  licentiates. — Descriptive  anatomy  and  embryology;  normal  histology  and 
histo-ch^mistry;  technical  anatomy,  practice  in  dissection,  in  histology  and  histo¬ 
chemistry;  human  physiology,  theoretical  and  experimental;  private  hygiene;  gen¬ 
eral  pathology,  with  clinics  and  clinical  preliminaries;  therapeutics,  materia  medica, 
with  writing  prescriptions,  and  hydrology,  hydrotherapeutics,  and  electrotherapeutics; 
pathological  anatomy;  surgical  pathology;  topographic  anatomy;  practice  of  medi¬ 
cine,  with  clinics;  clinical  surgery,  medical  pathology,  clinical  medicine;  obstetrics 
and  gynecology,  with  clinics;  special  course  on  the  diseases  of  children,  with  clinics; 
public  hygiene,  with  medical  statistics  and  sanitary  legislation;  legal  and  toxico¬ 
logical  medicine. 

Course  for  doctorate. — Critical  history  of  medicine;  public  hygiene,  advanced 
course,  including  a  historical  and  geographical  course  of  endemics  and  epidemics; 
biological  chemistry,  with  analysis;  chemical  analysis,  especially  of  poisons. 

Lectures  upon  some  of  the  above  studies  are  appointed  to  be  had  every  day  during 
the  course,  others  daily  for  a  certain  time,  and  others  twice  a  week,  according  to  the 
importance  of  the  subject. 

The  plan  of  studies  for  pharmacy  included  the  preparatory  course  above  given. 
Then  follows: 

Course  for  licentiates. — Study  of  physical  instruments  and  apparatus  as  applied  to 
pharmacy,  with  exercises  for  practice;  descriptive  botany,  with  determination  of 
medical  plants;  mineralogy  and  zoology  applied  to  pharmacy,  with  the  correspond¬ 
ing  pharmaceutical  material;  inorganic  chemistry  applied  to  pharmacy,  with  exer¬ 
cises;  vegetable  materia  pharmaceutica;  exercises  in  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral 
materia  pharmaceutica;  organic  chemistry  applied  to  pharmacy,  with  exercises; 
chemical  analysis,  particularly  of  foods,  medicines,  and  poisons,  with  exercises; 
practical  pharmacy  and  sanitary  legislation. 

Course  for  doctors'  degree. — Biological  chemistry,  with  analysis;  critical  history  of 
pharmacy  and  pharmaceutical  bibliography. 

The  decree  specifies  in  what  way  the  programme  is  to  be  carried  out.  This  pro¬ 
gramme  is  essentially  the  same  as  that  of  a  European  university. 

As  showing  a  disposition  to  adopt  new  features,  it  is  important  to  note  that  the 
same  decree  that  contains  the  above  programme  also  directs  that  a  chair  of  industrial 
mechanics  and  applied  chemistry  shall  be  created  in  the  Habana  Institute.  This 


572 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


institute  already  possessed  a  chair  of  experimental  physics,  while  practically  chem¬ 
istry  and  mechanics  were  taught  in  the  professional  schools. 

We  give  also  the  plan  of  studies  of  the  faculties  of  philosophy  and  letters  and  of 
sciences  of  the  university  as  prescribed  by  royal  order  of  1887,  together  with  the 
attendance  of  1888-89. 

As  these  studies  are  of  a  general  nature  they  are  not  designed  to  fit  students  for 
professions  like  the  special  subjects  in  the  law  and  medical  faculties.  The  list  shows 
the  interest  shown  in  such  subjects. 

Programme  of  the  Royal  University  of  Habana,  1888-89. 

FACULTY  OF  PHILOSOPHY  AND  LETTERS. 

Students. 

General  and  Spanish  literature .  119 

General  literature .  7 

Spanish  literature .  15 

Greek,  first  course .  19 

Greek,  second  course .  10 

Greek  and  Latin  literature .  12 

General  history: 

First  course .  19 

Second  course .  25 

Metaphysics: 

First  course . 132 

Second  course . 12 

Critical  history  of  Spain .  124 

Hebrew .  1 

Arabic .  8 

Aesthetics .  4 

History  of  philosophy .  4 

Critical  history  of  Spanish  literature . 5 

Sanskrit .  5 

Note. — At  the  same  time  24  students  were  classified  in  this  faculty  from  pri¬ 
vate  instruction,  having  passed  their  examinations — i.  e.,  their  degrees  having 
been  verified,  as  explained  in  the  decrees.  Of  these  24,  5  were  examined  in 
Porto  Rico. 

FACULTY  OF  SCIENCES. 

General  studies: 

Mathematical  analysis — 

First  course . 19 

Second  course .  7 

Geometry . 19 

Analytical  geometry .  6 

Cosmography  and  physics  of  the  globe .  8 

Advanced  physics .  137 

General  chemistry .  141 

General  zoology .  138 

Mineralogy  and  botany .  138 

Linear  drawing .  9 

Physico-mathematical  sciences  : 

Differential  and  integral  calculus .  2 

Theoretical  mechanics .  1 

Descriptive  geometry .  1 

Advanced  experimental  physics .  6 


PUBLIC  SCHOOL  MATANZAS. 


EDUCATION. 


573 


Ph ysico-mathematical  sciences — Continued . 

Higher  physics — 

First  course . • .  1 

Second  course .  2 

Experimental,  first  course .  1 

Experimental,  second  course .  2 

Geodesy .  1 

Mathematical  physics .  3 

Theoretical  and  practical  astronomy .  3 

Physics  and  chemistry — 

Inorganic  chemistry .  4 

Experimental  chemistry . 4 

Organic  chemistry  and  experimental .  8 

Drawing  applied  to  physico-chemical  science .  3 


Natural  sciences,  including  anatomy  and  animal  and  vegetable  physiology,  miner¬ 
alogy,  zoography  of  vertebrates,  articulates,  mollusks,  and  zoophytes,  phytography 
and  botanical  geography,  drawing  applied  to  natural  history,  comparative  anatomy, 
and  stratigraphic  paleontology,  27  students  in  all. 

We  give  the  programme  of  the  Institute  of  Habana,  to  illustrate  the  grade  or  scope 
of  this  class  of  instruction  in  Cuba.  The  programmes  of  the  other  provincial  insti¬ 
tutes  are  essentially  similar  to  it,  some  of  the  commercial  subjects  being  dropped  or 
changed:  Latin  and  Spanish  (two  courses),  rhetoric  and  poetry,  geography,  Spanish 
history,  general  history,  psychology,  logic  and  ethics,  arithmetic  and  algebra,  geom¬ 
etry  and  trigonometry,  physics,  chemistry,  natural  history,  physiology  and  hygiene, 
agriculture,  mercantile  arithmetic  and  bookkeeping,  geography  and  commercial 
statistics,  political  economy,  practical  commercial  exercises,  chemistry  applied  to  the 
arts,  industrial  mechanics,  French,  English,  and  German  (two  courses  each). 

This,  it  will  be  seen,  is  a  very  “practical”  course. 

The  preparatory  course  of  the  professional  school  of  the  island  of  Cuba  comprised 
arithmetic,  algebra,  linear  drawing,  geometry,  trigonometry,  and  ornamental  draw¬ 
ing,  while  the  professional  course  proper  embraced  topography,  theoretical  and  prac¬ 
tical  surveying,  topographical  drawing,  descriptive  geometry,  the  mechanics  of  con¬ 
struction,  strength  of  materials,  construction  of  all  kinds,  building  and  architectural 
drawing,  international  mercantile  law,  history  of  commerce,  the  materials  of  com¬ 
merce,  cosmography,  pilotage,  and  hand  work. 

The  school  of  painting  and  sculpture  of  Habana  had  454  students.  The  programme 
included  elementary  drawing,  drawing  from  the  antique,  sculpture,  landscapes  in  lead 
pencil,  carbon,  and  oil,  both  copies  and  from  nature;  color  drawing,  claro-obscuro, 
copies  of  pictures;  drawing  from  nature,  from  the  living  model,  and  original  com¬ 
positions. 

The  programmes  given  above  are  too  general  to  enable  one  to  judge  of  the  quality 
of  the  instruction.  For  instance,  Greek  might  cover  Xenophon,  or  lectures  on  the 
tragic  poets,  or  Homer,  and  geometry  might  include  anything  from  elementary 
geometry  up  to  that  of  three  dimensions.  The  inaugural  addresses,  1888-89,  how¬ 
ever,  before  the  university  allow  us  to  form  an  opinion.  Thus,  the  inaugural 
address  in  1890  of  Dr.  Don  Juan  Vilaro  y  Diaz  is  a  very  able  paper  upon  some  points 
in  evolution,  which  are  supported  by  a  large  number  of  references  to  observations  by 
the  author  himself  and  other  persons.  They  range,  as  usual,  in  the  full  exposition 
of  the  argument  from  paleontological  data  down  to  variations  in  living  spieces,  and 
the  essay  is  in  support  of  natural  selection.  The  programmes  at  hand,  while  con¬ 
taining  a  plentiful  amount  of  theoretical,  mathematical,  and  physical  subjects,  have 
less  applied  science,  such  as  electrical  and  mechanical  engineering,  than  is  found  in 
the  technological  schools  elsewhere,  where  manufactures  and  various  industries 
make  a  demand  for  them.  *  *  * 


574 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Until  the  last  century  was  far  advanced  the  Cubans  had  not  a  single  public  insti¬ 
tution  where  they  could  have  their  children  taught  to  read  and  write.  The  first 
school  was  that  of  the  Bethlehemite  fathers  in  Habana,  and  was  established  through 
the  generosity  of  Don  Juan  F.  Carballo.  He  was,  according  to  some  authorities,  a 
native  of  Seville,  and  according  to  others,  of  the  Canary  Islands.  He  repaid  thus 
generously  the  debt  of  gratitude  he  owed  the  country  where  he  had  acquired  his 
wealth.  Already,  in  the  sixteenth  century,  a  philanthropist  of  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
Francisco  Paradas,  had  afforded  a  like  good  example  by  bequeathing  a  large  estate 
for  the  purpose  of  teaching  Latin  linguistics  and  Christian  morals.  The  legacy  was 
eventually  made  of  avail  by  the  Dominican  friars,  who  administered  it,  but  when 
the  convents  were  abolished  it  was  swallowed  by  the  royal  treasury,  and  thus  the 
beneficent  intentions  of  the  founders  were  frustrated,  to  the  permanent  danger  of  the 
unfortunate  country.  Only  these  two  institutions,  due  entirely  to  individual  initia¬ 
tive,  are  recorded  in  our  scholastic  annals  during  the  three  first  centuries  of  the 
colony.  The  thirst  and  scent  for  gold  reigned  supreme.  The  sons  of  wealthy  fami¬ 
lies,  in  the  absence  of  learning  at  home,  sought  schools  and  colleges  in  foreign  parts 
(in  this  century).  On  their  return,  with  the  patriotic  zeal  natural  to  cultured  men, 
they  endeavored  to  better  the  intellectual  condition  of  their  compatriots.  This 
enforced  emigration  of  Cubans  in  quest  of  learning  was  fought  against  by  our  Gov¬ 
ernment.  The  children  of  Cuban  families  were  forbidden  to  be  educated  in  foreign 
countries.  This  despotic  measure  was  adopted  without  any  honest  effort  being  made 
to  establish  schools  for  instructing  the  children  of  a  population  already  numbering 
nearly  500,000  souls. 

The  Sociedad  Economica  was  founded  in  1793,  during  the  time  of  Las  Casas,  whose 
name  has  always  been  venerated  among  Cubans.  Then,  as  now,  the  members  of 
this  association  were  the  most  talented  men  of  the  country,  and  their  best  efforts 
were  directed  toward  promoting  public  instruction.  It  gave  impulse  and  organiza¬ 
tion  to  the  school  system  in  Cuba.  It  established  inspections,  collected  statistics, 
and  founded  a  newspaper  to  promote  instruction  and  devoted  its  profits  to  this  cause. 
It  raised  funds  and  labored  with  such  zeal  and  enthusiasm  that  it  finally  secured  the 
assistance  of  the  colonial  government  and  obtained  an  appropriation,  though  but  of 
small  amount,  for  the  benefit  of  popular  instruction. 

In  1793  there  were  only  7  schools  for  boys  in  the  capital  of  Cuba,  in  which  408 
white  and  144  free  colored  children  could  be  educated.  From  this  privilege  the 
slaves  were  debarred.  The  7  schools  referred  to,  besides  a  number  of  seminaries  for 
girls,  afforded  a  means  of  livlihood  for  a  number  of  free  mulattoes  and  some  whites. 
The  schools  were  private  undertakings,  paid  for  by  the  parents.  Only  one,  that  of 
the  reverend  Father  Senor,  of  Habana,  was  a  free  school.  Reading,  writing,  and 
arithmetic  were  taught  in  these  schools.  Lorrenzo  Lendez,  a  mulatto  of  Habana, 
was  the  only  one  who  taught  Spanish  grammar.  The  poor  of  the  free  colored 
classes  were  on  a  par  with  the  slaves.  The  Sociedad  Eeconomica  founded  2  free 
schools,  one  for  each  sex.  The  bishop,  Felix  Jose  de  Tres  Palacios,  nullified  the 
laudable  efforts  of  the  country’s  well  wishers  by  maintaining  that  it  was  unnecssary 
to  establish  more  schools.  From  1793  to  1893  the  society  was  unable  to  accomplish 
even  a  part  of  its  noble  purpose;  it  was  found  impossible  to  obtain  an  official  sanc¬ 
tion  of  popular  education.  In  1817  there  were  90  schools  in  the  rest  of  the  island — 
19  districts — all,  or  nearly  all,  founded  by  private  individuals.  In  1816  the  section 
of  education  of  the  Sociedad  Economica  was  established.  It  afforded  a  powerful 
impulse  to  the  cause  of  education,  thanks  to  the  influential  support  of  the  governor, 
Don  Aliquando  Ramirez.  The  schools  improved,  the  ,boys  and  girls,  both  white  and 
black,  were  taught  separately,  literary  contests  were  opened,  annual  examinations 
were  made  obligatory,  prizes  were  distributed,  and  a  powerful  incentive  was  created 
among  all  classes  for  the  cause  of  education.  But  the  concessions  attained  for  the 
society  by  the  influence  of  Ramirez  were  revoked  by  royal  order  of  February,  1824. 


EDUCATION. 


575 


In  this  year  the  municipality  of  Habana  loaned  the  Sociedad  Patriotica  $100  for 
schools. 

In  1826  there  were  only  140  schools  in  the  island,  of  which  16  were  free,  and  in 
1827  the  society  obtained  $8,000  per  annum  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  new  schools.  In  1836  there  were  only  9,082  children  receiving  elementary  instruc¬ 
tion  in  the  whole  island.  In  1860  the  number  of  schools  had  increased  to  283  for 
whites  and  2  for  colored,  yet  the  attendance  was  proportionately  less  than  in  1836, 
owing  to  the  increase  in  population.  Popular  instruction  was  neglected  or  despised 
by  deputy  governors  (military). 

The  reformed  course  of  studies  of  1863  did  not  improve  the  condition  of  the  schools, 
and  the  secretary  of  the  governor  made  recommendations  that  virtually  tended  to 
keep  the  population  in  ignorance  in  order  to  keep  it  Spanish.  In  1883  the  schools 
numbered  as  follows: 


Province. 

Public. 

Private. 

Vacant. 

Habana  . 

173 

101 

8 

Matanzas . 

95 

22 

13 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

82 

18 

25 

Santa  Clara . 

103 

18 

3 

Puerto  Principe . 

24 

4 

3 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

58 

21 

15 

Total . 

535 

184 

67 

But  the  teachers  were  not  paid  and  public  instruction  was  neglected.  This  work 
gives  a  list  of  names  of  wealthy  Cubans,  both  men  and  women,  who  have  founded 
colleges  and  schools,  and  of  societies  which  have  the  promotion  of  education  for  their 
object.  The  author  adds  that  the  clergy  are  indifferent  in  this  matter.  There  is  not 
one  parish  which  supports  a  free  or  endowed  school. 

The  preamble  of  a  decree  reforming  education  in  Cuba  was  published  in  the  Offi¬ 
cial  Gazette  of  Habana,  November  17,  1871,  and  a  translation  of  it  is  given  in  an 
appendix  in  the  work  just  quoted.  On  account  of  its  historical  interest  we  give  a 
summary  of  a  portion  of  the  preamble.  It  states  that  the  insurrection  of  1868  was 
due  to  the  bad  system  of  education;  that  while  the  old  methods  were  slow,  the  new 
are  prompted  by  eagerness  for  hurry,  and  the  .child  is  taught  a  number  of  things, 
whereas  its  mind  is  unable  to  comprehend  many  things  at  a  time.  A  number  of 
subjects  should  therefore  be  suppressed.  Balmes  is  quoted  as  the  authority  for  the  psy¬ 
chology  and  pedagogy  of  the  preamble.  The  latter  goes  on  to  say  that  this  haste  to 
teach  many  things  has  made  religious  instruction  secondary  to  that  of  the  arts  and 
sciences,  a  fatal  error  which  has  produced  fatal  consequences.  It  refers  to  statistics 
to  show  that  crime  has  increased  with  education,  and  states  that  Aime  Martin  found 
the  remedy  for  this  evil  in  educating  instead  of  merely  instructing.  But  as  there 
were  many  religious  sects,  Martin  unfortunately  selected  an  irreligious  religion  as  the 
means  of  educating,  and  consequently  there  was  no  decrease  in  crime.  Senor  Lasagra 
is  quoted  to  prove  that  suicides  are  more  numerous  in  Protestant  than  in  Catholic 
countries,  and  more  so  in  the  capitals  than  elsewhere.  This  is  due  to  too  great  indi¬ 
vidual  freedom  of  thought  and  consequent  changes  in  social  and  economic  condi¬ 
tions,  which  have  produced  dissatisfaction,  despair,  and  suicide.  Philosophical  and 
religious  sects  have  multiplied,  and  the  multiplicity  of  these  has  always  and  every¬ 
where  produced  doubt  and  skepticism,  which  in  their  turn  have  engendered  a 
materialism  whose  only  offspring  is  disbelief  in  virtue  and  morality.  Under  its 
influence  some  are  tortured  with  unhappiness  without  hope  of  the  future,  while 
others  are  filled  with  envy.  Religious  instruction  had  been  too  much  neglected  or 
too  carelessly  performed,  and  the  real  remedy  would  consist  in  Christianizing  or 
Catholicising  education  by  putting  the  government  and  municipal  machinery  of  edu- 


576 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


cation  in  the  hands  of  the  religious  teaching  orders,  when  the  evil  would  disappear. 
It  goes  on  to  say,  with  severe  condemnation  of  the  schools  where  they  had  taught, 
that  many  of  the  insurgents  had  been  teachers,  and  mentions  particularly  the  school 
formerly  conducted  by  Jose  de  la  Luz.  Instruction  must  be  supplemented  by  moral 
and  religious  education,  and  great  care  should  be  taken  to  prevent  access  to  (politi¬ 
cally)  evil  literature.  Even  in  text-books  of  elementary  geography,  it  declares, 
have  wicked  doctrines  been  inserted.  In  one  of  them  we  read  that  the  greatest 
event  of  the  present  century  in  America  was  the  revolt  of  Bolivar.  “See  under 
what  seductive  forms  the  minds  of  children  are  predisposed  to  treason !  ’ ’  The  pream¬ 
ble  concludes  by  recommending  a  greater  scope  to  religious  instruction,  the  suppres¬ 
sion  of  private  teaching,  and  placing  the  plans  of  studies  under  the  Catholic  clergy. 

There  is  a  number  of  learned  societies  in  Iiabana,  and  Mr.  A.  P.  C.  Griffin,  of  the 
Library  of  Congress,  has  published  a  list  of  thirty-three  whose  publications  are  received 
in  Washington.  By  means  of  these  publications  and  separate  works,  like  the  History 
of  Pezuela  and  the  Natural  History  of  Sagra,  the  history  of  Cuba,  its  natural  history 
(land  and  marine  fauna,  mineralogy,  and  botany),  ethnology,  and  geology  have  been 
made  known,  while  the  meteorology  of  the  region  has  been  investigated  by  the 
observatory,  whose  work  is  known  all  over  the  scientific  world.  The  number  of 
medical  journals  is  noticeable,  and  Volume  XXXIV  (August  and  September,  1897) 
of  the  Anales  de  la  Beal  Sociedad  de  Ciencias  Medicas,  Ffsicas  y  Naturales  (the  only 
specimen  at  hand),  contains  four  articles  on  medical  subjects,  viz,  a  criticism  by  Dr. 
Santos  Fernandez  upon  certain  experiments  with  the  X-rays  upon  a  blind  person, 
another  upon  the  bacillus  of  the  tuberculosis  of  Koch,  and  the  two  others  are  experi¬ 
mental  studies  connected  with  typhoid  fever.  The  remaining  article  of  the  number 
is  a  long  and  masterly  account  of  the  discovery  of  argon  and  prediction  of  helium,  by 
Dr.  Gaston  Alonso  Cuadrado.  The  Bevista  Cubano  contains  able  articles  upon  gen¬ 
eral  philosophical,  historical,  and  other  subjects,  besides  those  of  especial  interest  on 
Cuba.  The  paper  upon  elementary  education  by  Senor  Bodriguez,  which  we  have 
used,  was  published  in  that  review.  Judging  from  the  titles  of  the  periodicals,  we 
should  say  that  there  is  little  of  mechanical  or  electrical  engineering  or  “applied  sci¬ 
ence”  in  them,  for  which  there  is  probably  no  demand  in  Cuba,  while  the  exhaustive 
mathematical  treatment  of  such  subjects  (especially  that  which  was  “  made  in  Ger¬ 
many,”  like  much  recent  “American  science”)  has  been  imported  into  the  United 
States  in  the  last  twenty-five  or  thirty  years,  where  there  is  a  field  and  demand  for  it. 
But  fora  population  of  200,000  souls,  including  many  blacks,  the  number  of  scientific, 
educational,  and  literary  periodicals  in  Havana  is  remarkable,  and  they  contain  valu¬ 
able  original  articles. 


From  the  foregoing  sketch  it  appears  that  public  education  dates 
from  1812,  prior  to  which  year  but  little  attention  had  been  given  to 
free  schools,  and  that  elementary  education  was  mainly  limited  to  the 
children  of  those  who  were  able  to  pay  for  it. 

The  system  in  operation  at  the  time  of  American  occupation,  Jan¬ 
uary  1,  1899,  was  based  on  the  law  of  1865  as  modified  by  that  of  1880, 
and  had  in  view  a  progressive  course  of  public  and  private  instruction 
through  primary  and  secondary  schools  to  the  special  schools  and 
university,  and  it  may  be  said  at  once  that  the  plan  of  studies  as  thus 
prescribed  was  excellent  in  theory,  and  had  it  been  thoroughly  carried 
out  by  means  of  liberal  appropriations  and  more  attention  to  details 
the  figures  of  the  census  would  have  been  reversed  as  far  as  they 
represent  the  condition  of  literacy  in  general.  But,  as  will  be  shown 
later  in  this  report,  the  appropriations  for  the  schools  were  far  from 


■ 


PUPILS  OF  THE  COLLEGE  OLAVARRI  ETEt  HABANA. 


EDUCATION. 


577 


adequate  and  their  administration  most  imperfect,  and  thus  the  scheme 
of  popular  education,  which  as  a  theoretical  proposition  was  almost 
beyond  adverse  criticism,  utterly  failed  to  accomplish  its  ostensible 
purpose,  as  the  figures  of  the  census  prove. 

Under  the  law  of  1880  the  general  supervision  of  public  instruction 
in  all  its  branches  was  vested  in  the  Governor-General  and  administered 
by  him  through  the  superior  board  of  public  instruction,  composed  of 
a  vice-president  and  twelve  other  members  appointed  by  the  home 
government  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Governor-General,  who  was 
ex  officio  president  of  the  board. 

Officials  of  high  rank  in  the  insular  government,  ecclesiastics, 
ex-members  of  the  royal  academies,  professors,  and  other  persons  of 
scientific  and  literary  reputation  were  eligible  for  appointment  as 
members.  One  member  of  the  colonial  council  of  administration,  the 
rector  of  the  university,  the  ecclesiastical  vicar-general,  and  the  chief 
accountant  of  the  treasury  were  members  ex  officio .  One-half  of  the 
ordinary  members  were  renewed  every  two  years. 

In  addition  to  the  superior  board  of  education  there  was  a  board  of 
education  in  each  province,  performing  its  duties  under  the  supervi¬ 
sion  of  the  provincial  governor  and  provincial  deputation. 

The  provincial  board  was  composed  of  the  governor  of  the  province, 
an  ecclesiastic  to  represent  the  diocese,  one  provincial  deputy  of  the 
permanent  committee  (see  government),  one  alderman  of  the  munici¬ 
pal  council  of  the  provincial  capital;  a  judge  of  first  instance,  to  be 
designated  by  the  Governor-General;  the  director  of  the  normal  school, 
or,  in  his  absence,  a  teacher  of  primary  superior  education;  the  super¬ 
visor  of  primary  instruction,  when  this  office  was  reestablished;  the 
director  of  the  institute,  when  reestablished,  and  three  fathers  of 
families,  appointed  by  the  Governor-General  on  the  recommendation  in 
ternary  of  the  provincial  governor,  who  had  general  authority  over 
the  schools  and  educational  institutions  in  his  province. 

The  local  or  municipal  boards  of  education  consisted  of  the  mayor 
as  president,  one  alderman,  the  parish  priest,  and  three  fathers  of 
families.  In  towns  of  more  than  1,000  inhabitants  the  number  of 
members  could  be  increased  on  the  recommendation  of  the  mayor  by 
adding  more  heads  of  families. 

For  the  periodical  examination  of  the  schools  and  other  educational 
institutions  the  law  provided  inspectors,  who  were  certain  members  of 
the  superior  board  of  education.  Other  inspectors  were  ecclesiastics 
designated  by  the  church  to  examine  the  text-books  and  instruction  of 
the  professors,  in  order  to  determine  whether  anything  prejudicial  to 
Catholic  doctrine  was  incorporated  in  the  religious  education  of  the 
pupils. 

Primary  instruction  was  divided  into  the  elementary  and  superior. 
The  complete  course  of  instruction  included  Christian  doctrine  and 
24662 - 37 


578 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


the  outlines  of  sacred  history  arranged  for  children;  reading,  writings 
and  the  elements  of  Spanish  grammar,  with  exercises  in  spelling- 
principles  of  arithmetic  with  the  legal  system  of  weights,  measures, 
and  money;  brief  outline  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce 
according  to  localities,  and  the  constitution  of  the  state. 

Elementary  instruction  not  embracing  all  the  subjects  just  mentioned 
was  considered  incomplete,  and  the  elementary  schools  were  called 
“complete’'  or  “incomplete"  according  to  the  instruction  given. 

Primary  superior  instruction  embraced,  in  addition  to  a  reasonable 
extension  of  the  subjects  mentioned  as  elementary,  the  principles  of 
geometry,  lineal  drawing,  and  as  applied  to  the  elements  of  surveying; 
the  rudiments  of  history  and  geography,  especially  of  Spain,  and  the 
elements  of  physics  and  natural  history.  In  the  elementary  instruc¬ 
tion  of  girls,  sewing,  embroidery  and  drawing  as  applied  to  same,  and 
the  elements  of  domestic  hygiene  were  substituted  for  agriculture, 
industry,  and  commerce,  and  the  elementary  superior  course  was 
omitted. 

The  law  further  required  the  elementary  education  of  the  deaf, 
dumb,  and  blind  in  the  institutions  established  for  them.  All  Spanish 
children  between  the  ages  of  6  and  9  were  required  to  receive  elemen¬ 
tary  instruction  in  the  public  primary  schools  unless  their  parents  or 
guardians  provided  such  instruction  at  home  or  in  private  schools, 
the  fine  for  failing  to  do  so  being  from  2  to  20  reales. 

All  elementary  instruction  was  given  free  to  children  whose  parents 
were  not  able  to  pay  for  it,  and  instruction  in  Christian  religion  and 
sacred  history  was  subject  to  the  supervision  of  the  parish  priest,  who 
was  required  to  visit  the  schools  once  each  week  for  this  purpose. 

Besides  the  designation  “complete”  and  “incomplete,”  the  ele¬ 
mentary  schools  were  denominated  as  “entrance,”  “first  promotion,” 
or  “first  intermediate,”  “second  promotion”  or  “second  interme¬ 
diate,”  and  “final*’  or  “grammar”  schools.  The  salaries  of  the 
teachers  were  graded  accordingly.  For  example,  the  teachers  of  the 
entrance  schools  received  $600  annually;  first  promotion,  $700;  second 
promotion,  $800,  and  final,  $1,000.  The  salary  of  the  teachers  of  the 
superior  course  was  $1,500  a  year.  These  salaries  were  paid  by  the 
municipalities* and  were  subject  to  taxes  aggregating  14  per  cent,  as 
follows:  Ten  per  cent,  insular  income  tax;  3  percent,  reserve  fund  of 
the  principal  of  the  schools,  and  1  per  cent  to  the  official  making  the 
payments. 

As  to  the  distribution  of  the  primary  schools  throughout  the  munici¬ 
palities,  the  law  required  every  town  of  500  souls  to  maintain  at  least 
one  elementary  school  for  boys  and  another,  although,  perhaps,  incom¬ 
plete,  for  girls.  Incomplete  schools  for  the  boys  were  only  allowed 
in  the  smaller  towns.  In  towns  of  2,000  inhabitants  two  complete 
schools  for  boys  and  two  for  girls  were  required;  in  towns  of  4,000, 


EDUCATION. 


579 


three,  and  so  on,  the  number  of  schools  increasing  by  one  for  each  sex 
for  every  2,000  inhabitants,  including*  private  schools,  one-third  of  all 
schools,  however,  to  be  public. 

The  superior  schools  were  established  in  the  capitals  of  the  provinces, 
and  one  in  each  town  of  10,000  inhabitants,  but  the  municipal  authori¬ 
ties  (council)  could  establish  superior  schools  in  towns  of  less  popula¬ 
tion  if  thought  advisable,  provided  it  could  be  done  without  detriment 
to  the  maintenance  of  the  required  number  of  elementary  schools. 

The  law  further  required  the  Governor-General  to  provide  infant 
schools  (kindergartens)  and  night  and  Sunday  schools,  in  which  linear 
and  .ornamental  drawing  were  to  be  taught  in  the  capitals  of  provinces 
and  in  towns  of  10,000  inhabitants,  and  to  promote  the  education  of 
*  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  by  providing  at  least  one  school  for  them  in 
Habana,  and  a  normal  school  for  the  education  of  teachers  in  the 
capital  of  each  province. 

Next  in  the  regular  course  of  public  education  was  “  secondary 
instruction,”  given  in  the  institutes  (institutos),  of  which  there  was 
one  in  each  province,  maintained  by  provincial  funds  and  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  provincial  deputations,  through  which 
the  appropriations  were  paid. 

Secondary  instruction  embraced  a  course  of  live  vears  and  comprised 
general  studies  or  a  special  course  of  scientific  studies.  The  course  of 
general  studies  included  a  daily  lesson  in  Spanish  or  Latin  grammar, 
the  elements  of  rhetoric  and  poetry,  one  lesson  daily;  outlines  of 
geography,  three  lessons  weekly;  outlines  of  universal  history,  three 
lessons  weekly;  history  of  Spain,  three  lessons  weekly;  arithmetic  and 
algebra,  daily;  geometry  and  plane  trigonometry,  daily;  elements  of 
physics  and  chemistry,  daily;  outlines  of  natural  history,  three  lessons 
weekly;  psychology,  logic,  and  moral  philosophy,  daily;  physiology 
and  hygiene,  three  lessons  weekl}T;  and  elements  of  agriculture  every 
alternate  day.  For  admission  to  the  course  it  was  necessary  to  pass  an 
examination  in  the  complete  course  of  primary  elementary  instruction. 

The  special  studies  of  the  institutes  or  66 secondary-  instruction” 
were  linear,  topographic,  ornamental,  and  figure  drawing;  outlines  of 
theoretical  and  practical  agriculture;  industrial  mechanics  and  chemis¬ 
try  as  applied  to  the  arts;  topography,  measures  of  area,  and  con¬ 
struction  of  plans;  commercial  arithmetic  and  bookkeeping;  accounts 
and  correspondence,  and  commercial  transactions;  outlines  of  political 
economy,  commercial  and  industrial  legislation,  physical  geography 
and  commercial  statistics;  English,  German,  and  Italian  languages,  and 
shorthand. 

To  enter  this  course  pupils  were  required  to  pass  an  examination  in 
the  studies  of  the  primary  superior  course  of  instruction.  On  com¬ 
pleting  the  course  of  general  studies,  pupils  received  the  degree  of 
A.  B.,  and  were  eligible  to  the  University  of  Habana.  Those  who  had 


580 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


followed  the  scientific  course  were  eligible  to  certificates  as  surveyors 
(when  20  years  old),  and  mechanical  or  chemical  experts,  according  to 
their  proficiency  in  the  special  studies  provided. 

A  pupil  could  take  the  general  and  scientific  studies  simultaneous^" 
if  desired,  and  receive  the  instruction  in  languages  and  drawing  at 
home. 

Following  the  course  in  the  institutes  came  the  University  of  Habana, 
whose  curriculum  embraced  law,  medicine  and  pharmacy,  philosophy 
and  belles  letters,  and  the  exact  sciences.  For  the  higher  education  of 

>  O  , 

engineers  of  roads,  canals,  and  ports,  mining  and  civil  engineers,  the 
industrial  arts,  belles  letters  and  diplomacy,  the  special  schools  of 
Spain  were  open. 

The  law  also  provided  for  a  school  of  sculpture,  painting,  and 
engraving  in  Habana;  one  for  the  education  of  notaries,  and  whenever 
thought  advisable,  an  industrial  college,  a  veterinary  school,  a  com¬ 
mercial  college,  a  nautical  school,  and  one  for  master  workmen,  over¬ 
seers,  and  surveyors.  Of  these  special  schools,  only  the  art  school,  the 
professional  school,  the  normal  school,  and  the  school  of  arts  and  trades 
were  carried  on.  In  addition  to  the  public  schools  the  law  authorized 
all  Spaniards  to  establish  private  schools,  the  government  reserving 
the  right  to  inspect  their  moral  and  hygienic  condition  and  to  direct 
such  remedies  as  might  be  necessary  to  correct  existing  defects. 

There  were,  as  a  result  of  this  privilege,  a  large  number  of  private 
primary  elementary  schools,  and  a  number  of  colleges,  which,  as  they 
conformed  to  certain  provisions  of  the  law,  were  incorporated  with 
the  provincial  institutes  for  which  they  prepared  their  pupils.  Some 
of  these  colleges  were  most  excellent  institutions,  where  boys  could 
qualify  for  the  university,  besides  being  carefully  trained  in  other 
ways.  Such  were  the  Jesuit  College  of  Helen,  established  in  Habana 
in  1853;  the  Collegios  de  Escuelas  Pias,  in  Guanabacoa  and  Puerto 
Principe,  and  the  Catholic  Institute  of  Santiago,  although,  with  the 
exception  of  the  latter,  they  are  not  now  able  to  confer  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  In  short,  the}r  are  on  the  same  footing  as  other  colleges  and 
merely  prepare  pupils  for  the  institutes. 

Other  colleges  in  operation  when  the  census  was  taken  were: 

Habana. — San  Francisco  de  Paula,  San  Rafael,  Areas,  San  Miguel 
Arcangel,  El  Progreso,  Santa  Ana,  San  Luis,  La  Gran  Antilla,  Isabel 
la  Catolica,  San  Carlos,  “Centro  GallegoUSan  Meliton,  San  Anacleto. 

Cienfuegos. — Neustra  Sra.  del  Monserrat,  San  Carlos,  Cristobal 
Colon,  Ntra.  Sra.  del  Carmen,  San  Luis  Gonzaga,-Preseverancia,  El 
Sagrado  Corazon  de  Jesus. 

Sagua. — Santiago  Apostol,  Cervantes,  El  Sagrado  Corazon  de  Jesus. 

Matanzas. — El  Siglo,  Academia  Junco;  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos, 
Humanidades  de  Jesus;  Egido,  San  Cristobal;  Giiines,  San  Ramon; 
Puerto  Principe,  Escuelas  Pias;  Sancti  Spiritus,  Sancti  Spiritus;  Santa 
Clara,  Cristobal  Colon;  Palmira,  San  Fernando. 


EDUCATION. 


581 


While  the  laws  made  ample  provision  for  the  free  education  of  the 
mass  of  children,  the  number  of  schools  and  their  administration  were 
so  deficient,  through  failure  to  provide  even  the  funds  voted  in  the 
municipal,  provincial,  and  insular  budgets,  that  only  a  small  fraction 
of  the  children  of  school  age  were  provided  for.  By  the  census  it 
appears  that  only  about  one-sixth  attended  school  during  1899,  and 
only  two-thirds  of  these  went  to  the  public  schools. 

The  ten  years’  war  was  a  serious  interruption  to  the  schools,  and 
during  the  last  war  they  were  all  closed  by  Captain-General  Weyler, 
except  in  the  provincial  capitals  and  garrisoned  towns  occupied  as  mili¬ 
tary  headquarters.  Even  many  of  these  schools  were  slimly  attended 
or  abandoned  by  the  teachers,  who,  as  they  received  no  pay,  were 
unable  to  maintain  themselves  or  their  schools. 

In  February,  1898,  the  secretary  of  public  instruction  of  the  autono¬ 
mous  government  rescinded  the  decree  of  General  Wevler  and  ordered 
the  reestablishment  of  the  schools,  but  they  remained  very  much  in 
the  condition  they  then  were  until  nearly  a  year  after  the  American 
occupation. 

It  would  require  a  much  larger  part  of  this  report  than  can  well  be 
devoted  to  it  to  explain  all  the  defects  as  well  as  the  peculiar  admin¬ 
istration  of  the  public-school  system  of  Cuba,  but  it  may  be  said  that 
it  was  very  imperfect  at  the  best.  While  the  law  required  the  com¬ 
pulsory  attendance  of  children  between  9  and  13  yearsof  age  at  either 
public  or  private  schools,  it  was  not  enforced,  nor  could  it  be,  as  the 
number  of  schools  was  totally  insufficient.  Again,  while  provision 
was  made  for  secondary  and  university  education,  the  fees  for  instruc¬ 
tion  and  matriculation  were  so  great  that  only  the  sons  of  parents  or 
guardians  able  to  pay  ever  passed  beyond  the  elementary  course  of 
study,  and  many  of  those  who  qualified  in  the  institutes  were  unable 
to  enter  the  university  because  unable  to  pay  for  their  diplomas. 

Although  the  teachers  were  supposed  to  be  appointed  after  competi¬ 
tive  examination,  it  was  well  understood  that  their  selection  was  usually 
a  personal  or  political  question,  to  be  decided  without  much  reference 
to  other  qualifications.  They  were  classified  according  to  their  sala¬ 
ries,  and  were  also  known  as  regular,  temporary,  or  substitutes.  As 
they  were  generally  obliged  to  provide  the  school  rooms,  the  schools 
were  usually  held  in  their  homes,  very  few  municipalities  owning 
school  buildings.  Of  school  furniture — such  as  desks,  books,  slates, 
blackboards,  maps,  etc. — there  were  frequently  none,  and  the  pupils, 
without  respect  to  race,  blacks  and  whites  mixed,  sat  on  benches  with 
no  backs  for  five  or  six  hours  consecutively,  the  instruction  being 
usually  given  simultaneously  to  the  classes,  study  and  recitation  being 
exceptional  and  impracticable.  But  a  single  teacher  was  allowed  the 
elementary  schools,  no  matter  how  many  pupils,  although  the  superior 
elementary  schools  were  sometimes  provided  with  assistants. 


582 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


invariably  in  charge  of  women.  The  schoolrooms  were  badly  venti¬ 
lated,  with  insufficient  and  foul  privies,  and  no  playgrounds.  Physical 
culture  was  not  taught.  That  the  children  learned  as  much  as  they 
did  under  such  conditions  was  apparently  due  to  their  precocity  and 
docility,  traits  which  appear  to  be  common  to  them  throughout  the 
island. 

Among  the  serious  evils  of  the  public-school  system  were  the  pro¬ 
visions  for  substitute  teachers  and  pensioners.  A  teacher  requesting 
a  leave  of  absence  for  any  purpose — for  example,  ill  health  or  private 
business — was  permitted  to  propose  the  name  of  a  substitute,  who  was 
paid  by  the  regular  incumbent  of  the  office.  After  being  formally 
appointed  substitute  he  was  supposed  to  receive  one-half  of  the  com¬ 
pensation  assigned  to  the  school,  the  contributions  of  the  children 
whose  parents  could  pay,  and  the  amount  allotted  for  school  supplies — 
usually  one-fourth  the  amount  of  the  salary.  On  the  surface  this 
would  appear  to  be  a  very  fair  arrangement;  but,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  salary,  fees,  and  allotment  for  supplies  were  handed  over  to  the 
regular  incumbent  of  the  office,  who  paid  his  substitute  whatever  had 
been  agreed  on  when  he  paid  him  at  all.  It  is  said  that  in  this  way 
schools  were  without  their  regular  teachers  for  years,  and  meanwffiile 
were  left  in  charge  of  persons  without  a  single  qualification  for  this 
most  important  duty. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  February  1,  189T,  an}"  professor  of  a  normal 
school,  an  inspector  of  public  instruction,  a  teacher  in  the  public  pri¬ 
mary  schools,  or  an  assistant,  male  or  female,  physically  incapacitated 
for  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  wffio  had  served  for  twenty  years  at 
least  or  was  from  60  to  65  years  of  age,  could  be  retired  with  a  pen¬ 
sion,  which  on  his  death  went  to  the  widow  and  male  children  under 
sixteen  years  of  age  and  to  unmarried  female  children.  The  retire¬ 
ments  were  voluntary  for  those  under  65  years  of  age  and  compulsory 
for  those  above  that  age. 


The  pensions  were  divided  into  twTo  classes,  life  and  temporary. 
Life  pensions  were  granted  to  the  widows  or  orphans  of  the  profes¬ 
sors,  teachers,  etc.,  and  their  assistants  in  the  public  schools  who  vTere 
retired,  or  who  upon  their  deaths  had  been  in  the  service  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  and  temporary  pensions  were  granted  to  the 
widows  and  orphans  of  such  as  had  died  before  completing  the  years 
of  service  necessary  to  obtain  retirement  writh  salary  or  befpre  having 
obtained  said  retirement. 

The  retirements  wrere  granted  in  accordance  with  the  number  of 


years  of  service,  those  having  served  twenty  years  receiving  50  per 
cent  of  the  regular  salary;  twenty -five  years,  60  per  cent;  thirty  years, 
70  per  cent,  and  thirty-five  years,  80  per  cent.  No  person  retired 
could  receive  more  than  81,200  per  annum  nor  more  than  four-fifths 
of  the  regular  salary.  The  highest  salary  which  the  person  retired 
may  have  received  for  two  years  was  considered  the  regulating  salary. 


EDUCATION. 


583 


The  life  pensions  for  widows  and  orphans  were  two-thirds  of  the 
retirement  pay  granted  or  due  the  deceased. 

The  temporary  pensions  amounted  to  10  per  cent  per  annum  of  the 
regular  salary  and  conformed  to  the  following  scale: 


Years  of  service  of  the  teacher: 

Over  16  years . 

From  14  to  16 . . 

From  12  to  14 . 

From  10  to  12 . 

From  8  to  10 . 

From  6  to  8 . 

From  4  to  6 . 

From  2  to  4 . 

Under  2  years,  the  time  served. 


Years  of  duration  of  pension. 

.  14 

.  12 

. . .  11 

.  10 

.  9 

.  8 

.  .  7 

.  5 


The  funds  for  the  payment  of  the  salaries  of  retired  teachers  and 
their  pensions  consisted  of: 

1.  An  allotment  of  6,000  pesos  per  annum,  granted  by  the  Govern¬ 
ment  and  charged  to  the  budget  of  Cuba. 

2.  Ten  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  of  the  budget  of  expenses  for 
educational  material  of  the  normal  schools  and  primary  instruction. 

3.  The  amount  of  the  personal  salaries  of  teachers  of  vacant  schools 
until  the  appointment  and  taking  of  possession  by  temporary  teachers. 

4.  Half  the  salaries  of  teachers  temporarily  serving  in  public  schools, 
provided  they  exceeded  300  pesos. 

5.  The  amount  realized  by  a  discount  of  3  per  cent  of  the  salaries  of 
the  persons  who  were  entitled  to  be  retired  with  salary. 

The  provincial  boards  of  public  instruction  were  charged  with  the 
collection  of  the  amounts  mentioned  in  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  and  their 
deposit  in  the  Spanish  Bank  of  Cuba.  The  collection  of  the  allotment 
of  the  State  was  made  by  a  central  board  in  Madrid,  which  also  decided 
who  were  entitled  to  retirement  with  salary  and  pensions.  It  was  also 
intrusted  with  the  administration  of  all  the  funds  which  might  be  col¬ 
lected  by  the  provincial  boards  of  public  instruction,  until  on  May  11, 
1898,  the  department  of  public  instruction  of  the  colonial  government 
of  Cuba  ordered  that  the  provincial  boards  of  public  instruction  of  the 
island  sFould  take  charge  of  all  matters  relating  to  retirements  and 
pensions  instead  of  the  central  board  of  Madrid,  and  organized,  by 
an  order  of  the  24th  of  the  same  month  and  year,  a  board  to  take 
charge  of  the  administration  of  the  funds  of  the  schools  of  Cuba  and 
of  the  declaration  of  the  rights  of  retirement  of  teachers,  etc.,  of  the 
island.  It  is  not  difficult  to  understand  that  under  such  a  system  there 
were  many  abuses,  and  that  the  small  allotment  of  funds  for  school 
purposes  was  seriously  crippled,  and  such  was  the  case.  This  was  so 
apparent  that  on  April  13,  1899,  the  secretary  of  justice  and  public 
instruction,  duly  authorized  by  the  Military  Governor,  repealed  all 
the  decrees  relating  to  pensions  of  the  teachers  of  primary  instruc¬ 
tion,  ordering  that  from  the  1st  of  April  following  nothing  should  be 


584 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899 


deducted  from  the  personal  salaries  of  teachers  for  pensions,  nor  from 
the  amounts  for  the  payment  of  material  for  the  schools,  and  that  the 
board  created  by  the  department  of  public  instruction  of  the  colonial 
government  of  Cuba  be  dissolved. 

The  expenses  occasioned  by  this  board  amounted  to  $10,300  per 
annum,  charged  to  the  general  budget  of  the  island,  and  the  pensions 
paid  only  amounted  to  $8,716.92  per  annum. 

Substitute  teachers  were  abolished  by  General  Brooke. 

The  number  of  public  and  private  schools,  colleges,  institutes,  etc., 
in  operation  January  1,  1895,  and  the  cost  thereof,  as  reported  by  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  is  given  in  the  following  table: 


Province. 

Public  schools. 

Private  schools. 

Colleges. 

Schools. 

Teachers. 

Pupils. 

Schools. 

oc 

Q) 

r-' 

O 

o 

a 

Colleges. 

rsjoqoisax 

Pupils. 

Habana  . 

219 

241 

9, 475 

329 

12,641 

25 

1  234 

Matanzas . 

143 

158 

5,812 

117 

4;  416 
624 

10 

249 

Pinar  del  Rio .  . 

159 

176 

4,  574 

33 

4 

140 

Puerto  Principe . 

37 

41 

l’  817 

41 

832 

1 

97 

Santa.  Clara.  . 

221 

244 

8, 287 

100 

3, 296 

19 

285 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

125 

138 

6,341 

120 

3;  575 

11 

260 

Total . 

904 

998 

36, 306 

740 

25, 384 

70 

2, 265 

Province. 

Institutes. 

University. 

Special  schools. 

Institutes. 

Teachers. 

Students. 

Professors. 

^  • « 
Students. 

Profes¬ 

sional. 

Art  school. 

Normal 

school. 

Professors. 

Students. 

Professors. 

Students. 

Professors. 

Students. 

Habana  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

21 

11 

7 

8 
'8 

9 

720 

143 

32 

72 

99 

120 

58 

671 

9 

60 

4 

538 

16 

292 

Matanzas  . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe 

Santa,  Clara, 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

Total . 

6 

64  1,186  58 

1  1 

671 

9 

60 

4 

538 

16 

»292 

1  Number  of  teachers  not  given. 


Cost  of  education  as  per  municipal ,  provincial ,  and  State  budgets r 


Province. 

Public 

schools 

(munici¬ 

pal). 

Institutes 

(provin¬ 

cial). 

University 

(State). 

Profes¬ 

sional 

(State). 

Art 

school 

(State). 

Normal 

(State). 

Arts  and 
trades 
(State). 

Habana . 

$212, 549. 80 
120,967.  95 
93,434. 10 
34,209.60 
159, 989. 66 
95,741  41 

$35, 407. 20 
18,000.00 
16, 000. 00 
16,000.00 
16,000.00 
17,328.00 

$134, 350. 00 

$17, 800 

87, 050 

820,000 

81,000 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

Total . 

716,892.52 

118,735.20 

134,350.00 

17,800 

7, 050 

20,000  1,000 

UNIVERSITY  OF  HABANA  FROM  O'REILLY  STREET 


EDUCATION. 


585 


RECAPITULATION. 


Municipal  schools  . 

Institutes . 

University . 

Professional  school 

Art  school . 

Normal  school 
Arts  and  trades  . .  - 


State  funds. 
§716,  892.52 
118,  735.  20 
134,  350. 00 
17,800.  00 
7,  050.  00 
20,  000.  00 
1,000.  00 


Total 


1,015,927.  72 


Two-thirds  of  this  sum  was  covered  by  matriculation  fees. 

For  1898-99,  during  which  541  public  primary  schools  were  reported, 
the  budget  called  for: 


Municipal  schools  . 

Institutes . 

University . 

Art  school . 

Professional  school 
Normal  school  .... 
Arts  and  trades  . . . 
Typographers . 


$716,  892.  90 
70,  735.  00 
129,  950.  00 
9,  250.  00 
19,  300.  00 
30, 147.  80 
1,  000.  00 
1,200.  00 


Total . . . 978,474.80 

During  the  past  six  months  General  Wood  has  completely  reorgan¬ 
ized  the  public  school  system  of  Cuba,  adapting  it  as  far  as  practicable 
to  the  public  school  system  of  the  United  States.  The  final  results  of 
the  changes  which  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  are  embodied  in 
the  following  civil  decree,  published  June  30,  1900: 

[No.  279.] 

Habana,  June  30 ,  1900. 

The  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  of  Pub¬ 
lic  Instruction,  directs  the  publication  of  the  following  regulations  for  the  public 
schools  of  the  island  of  Cuba: 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

1.  Commissioner  the  chief  executive  officer. — There  shall  be  a  chief  executive  officer 
for  the  public  schools  of  the  island,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Military  Governor,  and  to 
be  known  as  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  and  in  the  performance  of  his  duties 
as  such  he  shall  be  guided  by  this  order  and  by  such  rules  and  orders  as  may  be  pro¬ 
mulgated  hereafter  by  the  Military  Governor  or  the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction. 

2.  Duties  of  commissioner. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioner  of  public  schools 
to  see  that  all  orders  and  instructions  from  the  proper  authority  pertaining  to  the 
public  schools  of  the  island  are  rigidly  and  impartially  enforced.  He  shall  make 
annually,  to  the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction,- a  report  of  the  public  schools  of  the 
island,  which  shall  contain  an  abstract  of  the  reports  herein  required  to  be  made  to 
him  and  such  other  information  as  he  may  deem  valuable,  and  he  shall  make  such 
special  reports  as  may  be  required  by  the  Military  Governor  or  Secretary  of  Public 
Instruction.  It  shall  be  his  further  duty  to  superintend  the  building  of  schoolhouses 
throughout  the  island,  and  direct  the  purchase  and  disposition  of  such  supplies  as 
the  Military  Governor  may  authorize. 


586 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


BOARD  OF1  SUPERINTENDENTS. 

3.  Composition  of  the  board. — There  shall  be  a  superintendent  of  the  public  schools 
of  the  island,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Military  Governor  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction  and  to  be  known  as  the  island  superintendent  of 
public  schools,  who  shall  be  assisted  in  each  province  in  the  performance  of  his  duties 
by  an  assistant,  to  be  appointed  in  the  same  manner  as  the  island  superintendent  and 
to  be  known  as  the  provincial  superintendent  of  public  schools.  The  island  superin¬ 
tendent  as  president,  with  the  provincial  superintendents  as  members,  shall  consti¬ 
tute  a  board  of  superintendents  for  the  public  schools  of  the  island. 

4.  Duties  of  board  and  individual  superintendents. — Each  provincial  superintendent 
is  the  assistant  and  agent  of  the  commissioner  of  public  schools  in  the  general  gov1 
eminent  and  management  of  the  public  schools  of  the  island.  The  board  of  super¬ 
intendents  shall  fix  upon  and  introduce  proper  methods  of  teaching  in  the  public 
schools  of  Cuba,  and  shall  select  text-books  and  arrange  the  courses  of  studies  for  the 
different  grades  of  public  schools  throughout  the  island;  and  in  all  schools  of  the 
island  which  are  of  the  same  grade  the  same  text-books  and  the  same  courses  of 
studies  shall  be  used. 

4a.  Sessions  of  the  board  of  superintendents. — The  board  of  superintendents  shall  hold 
regular  sessions  on  the  first  Monday  of  October  and  March  at  such  places  within  the 
island  as  they  may  deem  desirable,  and  may  adjourn  from  time  to  time,  or-  hold 
special  meetings  at  other  time  or  place  within  the  island  as  it  deems  desirable  for  the 
transaction  of  business,  which  special  meetings  may  be  called  by  the  president  of 
the  board  of  superintendents. 

m 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  DISTRICTS. 

5.  Classes  of  school  districts. — The  island  is  hereby  divided  into  school  districts  to 
be  styled  respectively,  city  districts  of  the  first  class,  city  districts  of  the  second  class, 
and  municipal  districts. 

6.  City  districts  of  first  class. — Each  city  of  the  island  having  a  population  of  30,000 
or  more  by  the  last  preceding  census  of  the  island  shall  constitute  a  city  district  of 
the  first  class.  Under  this  paragraph  the  following  cities  are  announced  as  forming 
city  districts  of  the  first  class:  Habana,  Santiago,  Matanzas,  Cienfuegos,  and  Puerto 
Principe. 

7.  City  districts  of  the  second  class. — Each  city  having  a  population  of  more  than 
10,000  and  less  than  30,000  by  the  last  preceding  census  of  the  island  shall  constitute 
a  city  district  of  the  second  class.  Under  this  paragraph  the  following  cities  are 
announced  as  forming  city  districts  of  the  second  class:  Cardenas,  Manzanillo,  Guan- 
abacoa,  Santa  Clara,  Sancti  Spiritus,  Regia,  Trinidad,  and  Sagua  la  Grande. 

8.  Municipal  districts. — Each  organized  municipality,  exclusive  of  any  of  its  terri¬ 
tory  included  in  a  city  district,  shall  constitute  a  school  district,  to  be  styled  a 
municipal  district. 

CITY  DISTRICTS  OF  THE  FIRST  CLASS. 

9.  Board  of  education. — The  board  of  education  in  city  districts  of  the  first  class 
shall  consist  of  a  school  council  and  a  school  director. 

10.  School  council. — The  legislative  power  and  authority  shall  be  vested  in  the  scho-  1 
council,  which  shall  consist  of  seven  members  to  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors 
residing  in  such  district,  and  no  two  members  of  the  council  shall  be  residents  of  the 
same  ward. 

11.  School  council  election  and  term. — The  first  election  for  such  council  shall  be  held 
on  the  same  day  as  the  annual  municipal  elections  in  1901,  at  which  election  three 
members  of  the  council  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  their  successors 
shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  municipal  election  for  1903,  and  biennially  thereafter, 
and  four  members  of  the  council  shall  at  such  election  in  1901  be  elected  for  a  term 


EDUCATION. 


587 


of  one  year,  and  their  successors  shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  municipal  election  of 
1902  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  biennially  thereafter,  and  all  members  of  the  coun¬ 
cil  shall  serve  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualify. 

President  and  clerk.- — The  council  shall  organize  annually  by  choosing  one  of  their 
members  president;  also  a  clerk,  who  shall  not  be  a  member  thereof,  and  who  shall 
receive  a  salary  to  be  fixed  by  the  council  which  shall  not  exceed  $1,500  per  year. 

11a.  Appointment  of  first  board  of  education. — The  school  director  and  the  school 
council  provided  for  in  paragraph  9  shall  be  appointed  by  the  governor  from  candi¬ 
dates  recommended  to  him  by  the  Secretary  of  Public  Instruction  immediately  after 
the  publication  of  this  order  in  the  official  Gazette,  to  serve  until  their  successors 
have  been  elected  and  duly  qualified,  as  provided  for  in  paragraphs  11  and  16. 

12.  Resolutions  of  the  council. — Every  legislative  act  of  the  council  shall  be  by  reso¬ 
lution.  Every  resolution  involving  an  expenditure  of  money  or  approval  of  a  con¬ 
tract  for  the  payment  of  money  shall,  before  it  takes  effect,  be  presented,  duly  signed 
by  the  clerk,  to  the  school  director  for  approval. 

Director's  approval. — The  director,  if  he  approves  such  resolution,  shall  sign  it,  but 
if  he  does  not  approve  it  he  shall  return  the  same  to  the  council  at  its  next  meeting 
with  his  objections,  which  objections  the  council  shall  cause  to  be  entered  upon  its 
journal;  and  if  he  does  not  return  the  same  within  the  time  above  limited  it  shall 
take  effect  in  the  same  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it.  Provided,  that  the  director 
may  approve  or  disapprove  the  whole  or  any  items  or  part  of  any  resolution  appro¬ 
priating  money;  and  further  provided,  that  any  item  disapproved  shall  have  no 
bearing  or  connection  with  any  other  part  of  such  resolution. 

Passage  over  director's  veto. — When  the  director  refuses  to  sign  any  such  resolution 
or  part  thereof  and  returns  it  to  the  council  with  his  objections,  the  council  shall 
forthwith  proceed  to  reconsider  it;  and  if  the  same  is  approved  by  the  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  the  council  it  shall  then  take  effect,  as  if  it  had 
received  the  signature  of  the  director.  And  in  all  such  cases  votes  shall  be  taken  by 
yeas  and  nays  and  entered  on  the  record  of  the  council. 

13.  Teachers  and  employees. — The  council  shall  provide  for  the  appointment  of  all 
necessary  teachers  and  employees  and  prescribe  their  duties  and  fix  their  compen¬ 
sation. 

14.  School  director;  election  and  powers. — The  executive  power  and  authority  shall 
be  vested  in  the  school  director,  and  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  as  chief  execu¬ 
tive  officer  he  shall  be  guided  by  this  order  and  by  such  rules  and  orders  as  maybe 
promulgated  by  proper  authority  and  by  the  resolutions  of  the  council.  He  shall  be 
elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  districts. 

15.  He  shall  devote  his  entire  time  to  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  shall  receive  an 
annual  salary  of  $2,000,  payable  monthly;  and  before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  his  office  shall  give  bond,  to  be  approved  by  the  board,  for  the  faithful 
performance  thereof,  in  the  sum  of  $5,000,  which  bond  shall  be  deposited  with  the 
clerk  within  ten  days  from  date  of  election  and  preserved  by  him.  The  director 
shall  report  to  the  council  annually,  or  oftener  if  required,  as  to  all  matters  under  his 
supervision;  he  shall  attend  all  meetings  of  the  council  and  may  take  part  in  its 
deliberations,  subject  to  its  rules,  but  shall  not  have  the  right  to  vote  except  in  case 
of  a  tie. 

16.  First  election  and  term. — The  first  election  for  such  director  shall  be  held  on  the 
same  day  as  the  annual  municipal  election  of  1901,  and  his  successor  shall  be  elected 
at  the  time  of  the  annual  municipal  election  for  1903,  and  biennially  thereafter.  Any 
director  shall  serve  until  his  successor  is  elected  and  qualified. 

17.  Vacancies. — In  case  of  any  vacancy  in  the  office  of  school  director  or  member 
of  the  council  the  council  may,  by  the  votes  of  the  majority  of  all  the  members 
elected,  fill  such  vacancy  until  the  next  annual  municipal  election,  when  the  same 
shall  be  filled  by  election  for  unexpired  term. 


588 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 

18.  Superintendent  of  instruction. — The  council  shall  appoint  a  superintendent  of 
instruction,  who  shall  remain  in  office  during  good  behavior,  and  the  council  may  at 
any  time,  for  sufficient  cause,  remove  him;  but  the  order  for  such  removal  shall  be  in 
writing,  specifying  the  cause  therefor,  and  shall  be  entered  upon  the  records  of  the 
council. 

Powers  and  duties. — The  superintendent  of  instruction  shall  have  the  sole  power  to 
appoint  and  discharge,  with  the  approval  of  the  council,  all  assistants  and  teachers 
authorized  by  the  council  to  be  employed,  and  shall  report  to  the  council  in  writing 
quarterly,  and  oftener  if  necessary,  as  to  all  matters  under  his  supervision,  and  may 
be  required  by  the  council  to  attend  any  or  all  of  its  meetings;  and  except  as.  other¬ 
wise  provided  in  this  order  all  employees  of  the  board  of  education  shall  be  appointed 
or  employed  by  the  school  director. 

19.  Warrants  for  money. — The  clerk  of  the  board  shall  issue  all  warrants  for  the 
payment  of  money  from  the  school  funds,  but  no  warrant  shall  be  issued  for  the  pay¬ 
ment  of.  any  claim  until  such  claim  is  approved  by  the  school  director,  except  the 
pay  roll  for  assistants  in  school  work  and  teachers,  which  shall  be  approved  by  the 
superintendent  of  instruction. 

20.  Liability  of  clerk  and  sureties. — If  the  clerk  shall  dra  w  a  warrant  for  any  claim 
contrary  to  law,  he  and  his  sureties  shall  be  individually  liable  for  the  amount  of 
the  same. 

21.  Clerks'  reports. — The  clerk  shall  submit  to  the  council  quarterly,  and  oftener,  if 
required  by  it,  a  report  of  the  account  of  the  board,  verified  by  his  oath,  exhibiting 
the  revenues,  receipts,  disbursements,  assets,  and  liabilities  of  the  board,  and  the 
manner  in  which  the  funds  have  been  disbursed. 

22.  Contracts. — All  contracts  involving  more  than  $250  in  amount  shall  be  in  writ¬ 
ing;  executed  in  the  name  of  the  board  of  education  by  the  school  director,  and 
approved  by  the  council. 

23.  Conduct  of  elections. — The  election  provided  for  in  paragraph  11  shall  be  con¬ 
ducted  by  the  judges  and  clerks  of  the  municipal  elections  and  in  compliance  with 
the  same  law  or  laws  covering  such  elections. 

24.  Meetings  of  the  board  of  education,  regular  and,  special. — The  board  of  education 
shall  hold  regular  meetings  once  every  two  weeks,  and  may  hold  such  special  meet¬ 
ings  as  it  may  deem  necessary.  It  may  fill  all  vacancies  that  occur  in  the  board  until 
the  next  annual  election,  and  may  make  such  rules  and  regulations  for  its  own  gov¬ 
ernment  as  it  may  deem  necessary,  but  such  rules  and  regulations  must  be  consistent 
with  this  order. 

CITY  DISTRICTS  OF  THE  SECOND  CLASS. 

25.  Board  of  education. — In  city  districts  of  the  second  class  the  board  of  education 
shall  consist  of  six  members,  who  shall  be  judicious  and  competent  persons  with  the 
qualifications  of  an  elector  therein,  and  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  at  the  annual 
municipal  election  in  1901  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  city. 

Elections. — Those  elected  shall  be  divided,  upon  the  fifteenth  day  thereafter,  by 
lot,  into  three  equal  classes;  the  members  of  the  first  class  shall  serve  for  one  year, 
the  members  of  the  second  class  for  two  years,  and  the  members  of  the  third  class 
for  three  years.  All  elections  of  members  for  the  board  of  education  thereafter  shall 
be  held  at  the  regular  municipal  election  annually,  and  all  members  shall  serve  until 
their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified. 

26.  Judges  of  election. — The  election  for  members  of  the  board  of  education  in  city 
districts  of  the  second  class  shall  be  held  by  the  same  judges  and  clerks  provided  for 
the  municipal  election,  and  returns  of  such  election,  duly  certified  as  in  other  cases, 
shall  be  made  within  five  days  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education  of  any  such 
city. 

27.  First  board  of  education. — Upon  receipt  of  this  order,  mayors  of  cities  that  consti¬ 
tute  city  districts  of  the  second  class  shall  appoint  the  five  members  of  the  hoard  of 


CLASS  IN  THE  CORRIDOR  OF  THE  ROYAL  COLLEGE  OF  HABANA. 


EDUCATION. 


589 


education,  who  shall  elect  one  of  their  members  president  of  the  board.  The  board 
so  constituted  shall  be  the  board  of  education  for  such  city  district  of  the  second  class 
until  the  election  and  qualification  of  the  board  of  education  as  provided  for  in  the 
preceding  paragraph^ 

28.  Upon  the  appointment  and  qualification  of  the  board  of  education  provided 
for  in  the  preceding  paragraph  for  such  city  district  of  the  second  class,  and  upon 
the  election  and  qualification  of  the  board  of  education  provided  for  in  paragraph 
30,  the  board  of  education  of  the  municipality  in  whose  territory  is  situated  the  newly 
formed  city  district  of  the  second  class  shall  be  dissolved  and  cease  to  exist. 

29.  Notice  of  election. — The  clerk  of  the  board  of  education  of  each  city  district  of 
the  second  class  shall  publish  a  notice  of  the  election  provided  for  in  the  preceding 
paragraphs  in  a  newspaper  of  general  circulation  in  the  district,  or  post  written 
notices  of  such  election  in  five  of  the  most  public  places  in  the  district,  at  least  ten 
days  before  the  holding  of  the  same,  which  notice  shall  specify  the  time  and  place 
of  the  election  and  the  number  of  persons  to  be  elected.  At  the  first  election  for 
members  of  the  board  of  education  of  any  city  district  of  the  second  class,  the  notice 
of  election  herein  required  shall  be  made  by  the  then  existing  board  of  education. 

30.  The  board  of  education  shall  hold  regular  meetings  once  every  two  weeks,  and 
may  hold  such  special  meetings  as  it  may  deem  necessary.  It  may  fill  all  vacancies 
that  occur  in  the  board  until  the  next  annual  election,  and  may  make  such  rules 
and  regulations  for  its  own  government  as  it  may  deem  necessary,  but  such 
rules  and  regulations  must  be  consistent  with  this  order.  It  shall  organize  annually 
by  choosing  one  of  its  members  president. 

31 .  Municipal  board  of  education. — The  board  of  education  of  each  municipal  district 
shall  consist  of  the  mayor  of  the  municipality,  [who  shall  be  president  of  the  board, 
and  one  director  elected  for  a  term  of  three  years  from  each  subdistrict;  provided, 
that  if  the  number  of  subdistricts  in  any  municipal  district  exceeds  fifteen,  the  board 
of  education  shall  consist,  exclusive  of  the  president,  of  those  directors  who  have  one 
and  two  years  still  to  serve;  and  that  if  the  number  of  subdistricts  exceeds  twenty- 
four,  the  board  of  education  shall  consist,  exclusive  of  the  president,  of  those  directors 
who  have  but  one  year  to  serve.  The  director  of  each  subdistrict  is  the  representa¬ 
tive  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  subdistrict  in  educational  matters,  and  if  not  a  member 
of  the  board  of  education  shall  represent  to  the  board  in  writing  the  wants  of  his 
subdistrict. 

32.  Election  and  qualification  of  directors. — There  shall  be  elected  by  ballot,  as  soon 
as  possible  after  paragraph  37  of  this  order  has  been  complied  with  in  each  sub¬ 
district,  by  the  qualified  electors  thereof,  one  competent  person,  to  be  styled  director. 
These  directors  shall  meet  at  the  office  of  the  mayor  of  the  municipality  and  shall  be 
divided,  upon  the  third  Saturdayafter  such  election,  by  lot  into  three  classes,  as 
nearly  equal  as  possible.  The  directors  of  the  first  class  shall  serve  for  the  term  of 
one  year,  the  directors  of  the  second  class  for  two  years,  and  the  directors  of  the 
third  class  for  three  years.  All  elections  of  directors  thereafter  shall  be  held  on  the 
last  Saturday  of  April,  annually,  and  all  directors  shall  serve  until  their  successors 
are  elected  and  qualify. 

33.  Notice  of  election. — The  director  of  each  subdistrict  where  the  election  may 
occur  shall  post  written  or  printed  notices  in  three  or  more  conspicuous  places  of  his 
subdistrict  at  least  six  days  prior  to  the  date  of  election,  indicating  the  day  and  hour 
of  opening  and -the  hour  of  closing  the  election,  and  the  place  where  such  election  is 
to  be  held.  The  election  shall,  when  practicable,  be  held  at  the  schoolhouse  in  the 
subdistrict. 

Judges  of  election. — The  meeting  shall  be  organized  by  appointing  a  chairman  and 
secretary,  who  shall  act  as  judges  of  the  election,  under  oath  or  affirmation,  which 
oath  or  affirmation  may  be  administered  by  the  director  of  the  subdistrict,  or  any 
other  person  competent  to  administer  such  an  oath  or  affirmation;  and  the  secretary 


590 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


shall  keep  a  poll  book  and  tally  sheet,  which  shall  be  signed  by  the  judges  and  deliv¬ 
ered  within  five  days  to  the  mayor  of  the  municipality. 

Notice  at  first  election. — At  the  first  election  for  directors  of  subdistricts  provided  for 
in  paragraph  32,  the  notices  of  election  herein  required  shall  be  posted  in  the  differ¬ 
ent  subdistricts  by  the  now  existing  board  of  education,  and  the  oath  or  affirmation 
herein  required  to  be  administered  may  be  administered  by  any  elector  present. 

34.  Regular  and  special  meetings. — The  board  of  education  shall  hold  regular  ses¬ 
sions  on  the  second  Saturdays  of  May,  July,  September,  November,  and  January,  at 
the  office  of  the  mayor  of  the  municipality  for  the  transaction  of  business,  and  may 
adjourn  from  time  to  time,  or  hold  special  meetings  at  any  other  time  or  place  within 
the  township,  as  it  deems  desirable  for  the  transaction  of  business.  Each  special  meet¬ 
ing  may  be  called  by  the  clerk  of  the  board,  by  the  president  of  the  board,  by  two 
or  more  members  of  the  board,  but  each  member  of  the  board  must  be  duly  notified 
thereof  personally,  or  by  written  notice  left  at  his  residence  or  usual  place  of  business. 

35.  Maps  of  township  district. — A  map  of  each  township  district  shall  be  prepared 
by  the  board  as  it  may  be  necessary,  in  which  shall  be  designated  the  numbers  and 
boundaries  of  the  subdistricts  thereof.  The  board  may  at  any  regular  session  increase 
or  diminish  the  number,  or  change  the  boundaries  of  subdistricts,  but  any  increase 
in  the  number  of  subdistriets  in  any  municipality  will  be  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  provincial  superintendent. 

36.  Election  in  new  subdistriets. — When  the  board  consolidates  two  or  more  sub¬ 
districts  into  a  new  subdistrict,  or  establishes  a  new  subdistrict  in  any  other  way, 
it  shall  call  a  special  meeting  of  the  qualified  electors  resident  in  the  new  subdis¬ 
trict  for  the  purpose  of  electing  one  director  for  the  same.  Notice  shall  be  given  of 
such  election,  and  the  election  shall  be  conducted  as  provided  in  this  order,  and  a 
director  shall  be  elected  to  serve  the  term  which  shall  render  the  classes  of  directors 
most  equal  from  the  annual  meeting  on  the  second  Saturday  of  May  next  preceding 
the  organization  of  the  new  subdistrict;  and  the  terms  of  office  of  the  directors  of 
subdistricts  so  consolidated  shall  expire  at  the  time  such  new  subdistrict  is  created. 

REORGANIZATION  OF  DISTRICTS. 

37.  Division  into  subdistricts. — The  board  of  education  of  each  municipal  district 
provided  for  in  order  No.  226  shall  at  once  divide  its  municipal  district  exclusive  of 
whatever  territory  may  be  comprised  in  a  city  district  of  the  first  or  second  class 
into  subdistricts.  No  subdistrict  shaH  contain  less  than  60  resident  scholars  by 
enumeration,  except  in  cases  where,  in  the  opinion  of  the  board,  it  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  reduce  the  number.  The  division  shall  be  so  made  that  the  number 
of  teachers  shall  not  be  increased  over  that  employed  at  the  time  this  order  is 
received. 

38.  Number  of  schools  to  a  subdistrict. — No  subdistrict  shall  be  without  at  least  one 
school,  open  to  children  of  both  sexes,  or  if  not  such  a  mixed  school,  then  at  least  two 
schools,  one  for  boys  and  one  for  girls.  In  rural  subdistricts  it  is  preferable  to  have 
but  one  mixed  school  to  a  subdistrict.  In  cities  of  either  the  first  or  second  class 
subdistricts  may  have  one  or  more  schools  for  girls,  and  one  or  more  for  boys. 
Schools  of  any  subdistrict  shall  be  in  the  same  building,  unless  this  is  absolutely 
impossible,  in  which  case  they  shall  be  as  near  together  as  possible. 

39.  Designation  of  subdistrict. — Subdistricts  of  any  school  district,  city  or  municipal, 
shall  be  designated  by  the  numerals,  1,  2,  3,  etc.,  consecutively,  and'hereafter  when 

officially  referring  to  any  school  district,  it  shall  be  as  follows:  Subdistrict  No. - , 

municipality  or  city  of - ,  province  of - . 

40.  Map  of  municipal  district. — As  soon  as  possible  after  the  completion  of  the 
reorganization  herein  directed,  each  board  of  education  will  have  prepared  a  map  of 
its  municipality,  showing  the  approximate  boundaries  of  school  districts  and  the 
approximate  boundaries  of  schoolhouses  therein.  A  copy  of  this  map  shall  be  posted 


EDUCATION. 


591 


at  all  times  in  each  schoolhouse  of  the  district,  together  with  a  list  of  unmarried 
youth  of  school  age  in  the  subdistrict.  One  copy  of  this  map  shall  be  sent  to  the 
commission  of  public  schools  and  one  to  the  provincial  superintendent  as  soon  as 
completed. 

THE  CLERK. 

41.  Bond  of  clerk. — The  clerk  of  each  board  of  education  shall  execute  a  bond,  in 
an  amount  and  with  surety  to  be  approved  by  the  board,  payable  to  the  treasurer  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  conditioned  that  he  shall  perform  faithfully  all  the  official  duties 
required  of  him,  which  bond  shall  be  deposited  with  the  president  of  the  board,  and 
a  copy  thereof,  certified  by  the  president  of  the  board,  shall  be  filed  with  the  provin¬ 
cial  superintendent  and  commissioner  of  public  schools. 

42.  When  orders  to  clerk  for  teachers’  pay  illegal. — It  shall  be  unlawful  for  the  clerk  of 
the  board  to  draw  an  order  on  the  proper  disbursing  officer  for  the  payment  of  a  teacher 
for  services  until  the  teacher  files  with  him  such  reports  as  may  be  required  by  the 
commissioner  of  public  schools,  a  legal  certificate  of  qualification,  or  a  true  copy 
thereof,  covering  the  entire  time  of  the  service,  and  a  statement  of  the  branches 
taught.  All  of  these  documents  must  be  carefully  filed  by  the  clerk  and  handed 
over  to  his  successor  in  office. 

43.  Annual  statistical  report  of  hoard  of  education. — The  clerk  of  each  board  shall 
prepare  the  annual  report  of  the  expenditures  of  school  money  in  his  district,  and  a 
statistical  statement  in  reference  to  the  schools  required  of  the  board  by  paragraph 
47,  and  transmit  the  same  to  the  provincial  superintendent  on  or  before  the  last  day 
of  August. 

44.  Publication  of  expenditures  for  school  purposes. — The  board  of  education  of  each 
district  shall  require  the  clerk  of  the  board  annually,  ten  days  prior  to  the  election 
for  members  of  the  board  and  directors  of  subdistricts,  to  prepare  and  post  at  the 
place  or  places  of  holding  such  elections,  or  publish  in  some  newspaper  of  general 
circulation  in  the  district,  an  itemized  statement  of  all  money  expended  for  school 
purposes  in  the  district  within  the  school  year  last  preceding. 

45.  Clerk  to  deliver  books,  etc.,  to  successor. — Each  clerk  shall  at  the  expiration  of 

his  term  of  office  deliver  to  his  successor  all  books  and  papers  in  his  hands  relating 

to  the  affairs  of  his  district,  including  certified  copies  thereof,  and  reports  of  school 

statistics  filed  by  teachers. 

•/ 

46.  How  clerk  shall  keep  accounts. — The  provincial  superintendent  of  each  province 
shall  furnish  to  the  clerk  of  each  school  board  in  his  province  a  suitable  blank  book, 
made  according  to  the  form  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  in 
which  shall  be  kept  a  record  of  the  school  funds  of  his  district,  giving  amounts 
expended  and  for  what  purposes  expended. 

REPORTS. 

47.  Annual  report  of  board  of  education. — The  board  of  education  of  each  district 
shall  make  a  report  to  the  provincial  superintendent  on  or  before  the  last  day  of 
August  of  each  year,  containing  a  statement  of  the  expenditures  of  the  board,  the 
number  of  schools  sustained,  the  length  of  time  such  schools  were  sustained,  the 
enrollment  of  pupils,  the  average  monthly  enrollment  and  average  daily  attendance, 
the  number  of  teachers  employed  and  their  salaries,  the  number  of  schoolhouses  and 
schoolrooms,  and  such  other  items  as  the  commissioner  of  public  schools  may  require. 

48.  In  what  form  to  be  made. — The  report  shall  be  made  on  blanks  which  shall  be 
furnished  by  the  commissioner  of  public  schools  to  the  provincial  superintendent, 
and  by  the  provincial  superintendent  to  each  clerk»of  school  boards  in  his  province; 
and  each  board  of  education  or  officer  or  employee  thereof,  or  other  school  officer,  in 
any  district  or  province,  shall,  whenever  the  island  superintendent  so  requires,  report 
to  him  direct,  upon  such  blanks  as  he  shall  furnish,  any  statements  or  items  of  infor¬ 
mation  that  he  may  deem  important  or  necessary. 


592 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


49.  Reports  hy  principals  and  teachers. — Boards  of  education  shall  require  all  teach¬ 
ers  and  principals  to  keep  the  school  records  in  such  manner  that  they  may  be  ena¬ 
bled  to  report  annually  to  the  provincial  superintendent,  as  required  by  the  provisions 
of  this  order,  and  may  withhold  the  pay  of  such  teachers  as  fail  to  file  with  the  clerk 
reports  required  of  them.  The  board  of  education  of  each  city  district  shall  prepare 
and  publish  annually  a  report  of  the  condition  and  administration  of  the  schools 
under  its  charge,  and  include  therein  a  complete  exhibit  of  the  statistical  affairs  of 
the  district. 

50.  Duty  of  provincial  superintendent  as  to  school  report. — The  provincial  superintend¬ 
ent  of  each  province  shall,  on  or  before  the  20th  day  of  September,  annually,  pre¬ 
pare  and  transmit  to  the  island  superintendent  an  abstract  of  all  the  returns  of  school 
statistics  made  to  him  from  the  several  districts  in  his  province,  according  to  the 
forms  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  and  such  other  facts  as  the 
commissioner  of  public  schools  may  require.  He  shall  also  cause  to  be  distributed 
all  such  orders,  circulars,  blanks,  and  other  papers  in  the  several  school  districts  of 
the  province  as  the  island  superintendent  may  lawfully  require.  The  provincial 
superintendent  shall  also  be  liable  on  his  bond  for  any  such  neglect  in  a  sum  not  less 
than  $300,  nor  more  than  $1,000,  on  complaint  of  the  commissioner  of  public  schools. 

51.  When  provincial  superintendent  shall  appoint  person  to  make  reports. — Upon  the 
neglect  or  failure  of  a  clerk  of  board  of  education  of  any  district  to  make  the  reports 
required  herein,  and  by  the  time  specified,  the  provincial  superintendent  shall 
appoint  some  suitable  person,  resident  of  the  district,  to  make  such  reports,  who 
shall  receive  the  same  compensation  therefor  and  in  the  same  manner  as  is  allowed 
herein  for  like  service;  and  before  an  order  for  the  pay  of  clerk  shall  be  made,  he 
shall  present  to  the  board  a  statement,  officially  signed  and  certified  by  the  pro¬ 
vincial  superintendent,  that  he  has  returned  all  the  reports  of  statistics  for  the  year 
required  by  this  order. 

PROVISIONS  APPLYING  TO  ALL  SCHOOL  BOARDS. 

52.  Status ,  powers,  and  duties. — Boards  of  education  of  all  school  districts  organized 
under  the  provisions  of  this  order  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby  declared  to  be,  bodies 
politic  and  corporate,  and  as  such  capable  of  suing  and  being  sued,  contracting  and 
being  contracted  with,  acquiring,  holding,  possessing,  and  disposing  of  property, 
both  real  and  personal,  and  of  exercising  such  other  powers  and  having  such  other 
privileges  as  are  conferred  by  this  order. 

53.  IIow  property  may  he  disposed  of. — When  a  board  of  education  authorized  so  to 
do  decides  to  dispose  of  any  property,  real  or  personal,  held  by  it  in  its  corporate 
capacity,  exceeding  in  value  $300,  it  shall  sell  the  same  at  public  auction,  after  giv¬ 
ing  at  least  thirty  days’  notice  thereof  by  publication  in  some  newspaper  of  general 
circulation,  or  by  posting  notices  in  at  least  five  of  the  most  public  places  in  the 
district  to  which  such  property  belongs. 

54.  What  property  the  hoards  have  title  to. — All  property,  real  or  personal,  which  has 
heretofore  vested  in  and  is  now  held  by  any  board  of  education  for  the  use  of  public 
or  common  schools  in  any  districts  is  hereby  vested  in  the  board  of  education  pro¬ 
vided  for  in  this  order  and  having  under  this  order  jurisdiction  and  control  of  the 
schools  in  such  district. 

55.  School  property  exempt  from  taxation. — All  property,  real  or  personal,  vested  in 
any  board  of  education  shall  be  exempt  from  tax,  and  from  sale  on  execution,  or 
other  writ  or  order  in  the  nature  of  an  execution. 

56.  Conveyances  and  contracts — All  conveyances  made  by  the  board  of  education 
shall  be  executed  by  the  president  and  clerk  thereof.  No  member  of  a  board  shall 
have  any  pecuniary  interest,  either  direct  or  indirect,  in  any  contracts  of  the  board, 
or  be  employed  in  any  manner  for  compensation  by  the  board  of  which  he  is  a  mem- 


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EDUCATION. 


593 


ber,  and  no  contract  shall  be  binding  upon  any  board  unless  it  be  made  or  authorized 
to  be  made  at  a  regular  or  special  meeting  of  the  board. 

57.  Process  against  boards  and  how  served. — Process  in  all  suits  against  a  board  of 
education  shall  be  by  summons,  and  shall  be  served  by  leaving  a  copy  thereof  with 
the  clerk  or  president  of  the  board. 

58.  Tie  vote  to  be  decided  by  lot. — In  all  cases  of  tie  votes  at  an  election  for  members 
of  a  board  of  education  the  judges  of  election  shall  decide  the  election  by  lot;  and  in 
other  cases  of  failure  to  elect  members  of  the  board,  or  in  case  of  a  refusal  to  serve, 
the  board  shall  appoint. 

59.  Oath  of  members  and  other  officers. — Each  person  elected  or  appointed  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  a  board  of  education,  or  elected  or  appointed  to  any  other  office  under  this 
title,  shall,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of'  his  office,  take  an  oath  or  affirmation  to 
support  the  military  government  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  and  that  he  will  perform 
faithfully  the  duties  of  his  office,  which  oath  or  affirmation  may  be  administered  by 
the  clerk  or  any  member  of  the  board ;  and  no  person  shall  be  elected  or  appointed  a 
member  of  a  board  of  education  who  has  not  the  qualification  of  an  elector  and  is 
not  able  to  read  and  write. 

60.  Organization  and  selection  of  officers. — Each  board  of  education  shall  choose  annu¬ 
ally  a  clerk,  who  shall  not  be  a  member  of  the  board,  but  shall  be  entitled  to 
vote  in  case  of  a  tie,  excepting  clerks  of  boards  of  education  of  city  districts  of  the 
first  class,  and  whose  compensation  shall  be  fixed  by  the  board  of  education. 

61.  Vacancies  in  board ,  how  filled. — Vacancies  in  any  board  of  education  arising  from 
death,  nonresidence,  resignation,  expulsion  for  gross  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  cause, 
which  occur  more  than  fifteen  days  before  the  next  annual  election,  the  board  shall 
fill  within  ten  days  from  the  occurrence  of  the  vacancy,  until  the  next  annual  election, 
when  a  successor  shall  be  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term. 

62.  Quorum;  yeas  and  nays  to  be  taken  in  certain  cases. — A  majority  of  the  board  of 
education  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business  upon  a  motion  to 
adopt  a  resolution  authorizing  the  purchase  or  sale  of  property,  either  real  or  per¬ 
sonal,  or  to  employ  a  superintendent,  teacher,  janitor,  or  other  employee,  or  to  elect 
or  appoint  an  officer,  or  to  pay  any  debt  or  claim.  The  clerk  of  the  board  shall 
call  publicly  the  roll  of  all  the  members  composing  the  board,  and  enter  on  the  rec¬ 
ords  required  to  be  kept  names  of  those  voting  ‘  ‘  aye  ’  ’  and  the  names  of  those  voting 
“no.”  If  the  majority  of  all  the  members  of  the  board  vote  “aye,”  the  president 
shall  declare  the  motion  carried;  and  upon  any  motion  or  resolution  any  member  of 
the  board  may  demand  the  yeas  and  nays,  and  thereupon  the  clerk  shall  call  the 
roll,  and  record  the  names  of  those  voting  “aye”  and  those  voting  “no.”  In  all 
cases  except  those  which  are  declared  to  require  a  majority  of  all  the  members  com¬ 
posing  the  board  a  majority  of  the  quorum  is  sufficient  to  pass  a  measure,  and  the 
roll  need  not  be  called  unless  demanded  by  a  member  of  the  board. 

63.  Absence  of  the  president  or  clerk. — If  at  any  meeting  of  the  board  either  the 
president  or  clerk  is  absent,  the  members  present  shall  choose  one  of  their  number  to 
serve  in  his  place  pro  tempore;  and  if  both  are  absent  both  places  shall  'be  so  filled, 
but  upon  the  appearance  of  either  at  the  meeting  after  his  place  has  been  so  filled  he 
shall  immediately  assume  the  duties  of  his  office. 

64.  Record  of  proceedings  and  attestation  thereof. — The  clerk  of  the  board  shall  record 
the  proceedings  of  each  meeting  in  a  book  to  be  provided  by  the  board  for  that  pur¬ 
pose,  which  shall  be  a  public  record.  The  record  of  the  proceedings  at  each  meet- 
ting  of  the  board  shall  be  read  at  its  next  meeting,  recorrected  if  necessary,  and 
approved,  and  the  approval  shall  be  noted  in  the  proceedings;  and  after  such 
approval  the  president  shall  sign  the  record  and  the  clerk  shall  attest  the  same. 

65.  Illegal  meetings. — The  board  of  each  district  shall  make  such  rules  and  regula¬ 
tions,  not  in  conflict  with  the  orders  of  higher  authority,  as  it  may  deem  expedient 

24662 - 38 


594 


REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


and  necessary  for  its  government  and  the  government  of  its  appointees  and  the 
pupils;  and  any  meeting  of  a  board  of  education  not  provided  for  by  its  rules  or  by 
this  order  shall  be  illegal  unless  all  the  members  thereof  have  been  notified  as  pro¬ 
vided  for  in  paragraph  33. 

66.  Yearly  estimate  of  expenses. — Each  board  of  education  shall  make  annually, 
before  the  last  day  of  August,  on  forms  to  be  furnished  for  that  purpose,  a  detailed 
estimate  of  the  probable  expenses  of  the  corresponding  district  for  the  school  year 
next  following,  such  estimate  to  be  forwarded  to  the  provincial  superintendent. 

67.  Rental  and  use  of  schoolhouses. — The  board  of  education  of  any  district  is 
empowered  to  rent  suitable  schoolrooms,  but  no  lease  of  a  schoolroom  or  building 
shall  be  made  for  a  period  exceeding  one  year.  When  in  the  judgment  of  any  board 
of  education  it  would  be  for  the  advantage  of  the  children  residing  in  any  school 
district  to  hold  literary  societies,  school  exhibitions,  normal  school  or  teachers’ 
institutes,  the  board  of  education  shall  authorize  the  opening  of  such  schoolhouses 
for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  provided  such  action  shall  in  no  wise  interfere  with  the 
public  schools  in  such  district. 

68.  Illegal  use  of  schoolhouses. — Schoolrooms  shall  be  secured  in  healthful  localities, 
and  shall  be  clean,  well  ventilated,  and  well  lighted,  and  all  rooms,  buildings,  or 
parts  of  buildings  rented  or  assigned  for  school  use  shall  be  used  exclusively  for 
school  purposes,  and  no  teacher,  janitor,  or  other  person  shall  dwell  therein. 

69.  Sufficient  schools  must  be  provided. — Each  board  of  education  shall  establish  a 
sufficient  number  of  schools  to  provide  for  the  free  education  of  the  youth  of  school 
age  in  the  district  under  its  control  at  such  places  as  will  be  most  convenient  for  the 
attendance  of  the  largest  number  of  such  youth,  and  shall  continue  each  and  every 
day  school  so  established  thirty-six  weeks  in  each  school  year;  and  each  municipal 
board  of  education  shall  establish  at  least  one  primary  school  in  each  subdistrict 
under  its  control.1 

70.  Schools  at  children’s  homes  and  orphan  asylums. — The  board  of  any  district  in 
which  a  children’s  home  or  orphans’  asylum  is  or  may  be  established  by  law,  shall, 
when  requested  by  the  directors  of  such  children’s  home  or  orphans’  asylum,  estab¬ 
lish  in  such  home  or  asylum  a  separate  school,  so  as  to  afford  to  the  children  therein 
as  far  as  practicable  the  advantages  and  privileges  of  the  common-school  education. 
All  schools  so  established  in  any  such  home  or  asylum  shall  be  imder  the  control  and 
management  of  the  directors  of  such  institution,  which  directors  shall,  in  the  control 
and  management  of  such  schools,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  subject  to  the  same  laws 
that  boards  of  education  and  other  school  officers  are  who  have  charge  of  the  com¬ 
mon  schools  of  such  district;  and  the  teacher  of  any  such  school  so  established  shall 
make  all  reports  required  by  this  order  as  any  other  teacher  of  the  district,  and  to 
the  same  officers. 

71.  Evening  schools. — In  any  district,  or  part  thereof,  parents  or  guardians  of  chil¬ 
dren  of  school  age  may  petition  the  board  of  education  to  organize  an  evening  school. 
The  petition  shall  contain  the  names  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  youths  of  school 
age  who  will  attend  such  school,  and  who,  for  reasons  satisfactory  to  the  board,  are 
prevented  from  attending  day  school.  Upon  receiving  such  petition  the  board  of  edu¬ 
cation  shall  provide  a  suitable  room  for  the  evening  school,  and  employ  a  competent 
person,  who  holds  a  regularly  issued  teacher’s  certificate,  to  teach  it.  Such  board 
may  discontinue  any  such  evening  school  when  the  average  evening  attendance  for 
any  month  falls  below  12. 

1  Boards  of  education  may,  in  their  discretion,  permit  boys  and  girls  of  school  age 
to  attend  the  same  school;  and  it  is  hoped  that,  at  least  with  young  children,  this 
plan  will  prevail,  as  it  will  tend  to  develop  that  high  respect  between  the  sexes 
which  is  the  basis  of  true  womanhood  and  manhood.  In  small  towns  and  in  the 
country  it  may  often  be  the  only  means  of  establishing  sufficient  schools. 


EDUCATION. 


595 


72.  Who  may  be  admitted  to  public  schools. — Schools  of  each  district  shall  be  free  to 
all  unmarried  youth  between  6  and  18  years  of  age  who  are  children,  wards,  or 
apprentices  of  actual  residents  of  the  district,  including  children  of  proper  age  who 
are  or  may  be  inmates  of  a  children’s  home  or  orphans’  asylum  located  in  any  such 
school  district;  provided,  that  all  unmarried  youth  of  school  age  living  apart  from 
their  parents  or  guardians  and  who  work  to  support  themselves  by  their  own  labor 
shall  be  entitled  to  attend  school  free  in  the  district  in  which  they  are  employed. 
The  several  boards  shall  make  such  assignment  of  the  unmarried  youth  of  their 
respective  districts  to  the  schools  established  by  them  as  will,  in  their  opinion,  best 
promote  the  interests  of  education  in  their  district. 

73.  Suspension  and  expulsion  of  pupils. — No  pupil  shall  be  suspended  from  school 
by  a  superintendent  or  teacher  except  for  such  time  as  may  be  necessary  to  convene 
the  board  of  education,  and  no  pupil  shall  be  expelled  except  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds 
of  such  board,  and  not  until  the  parent  or  guardian  of  the  offending  pupil  has  been 
notified  of  the  proposed  expulsion  and  permitted  to  be  heard  against  the  same;  and 
no  pupil  shall  be  suspended  or  expelled  from  any  school  beyond  the  current  term 
thereof. 

74.  Holidays. — Teachers  employed  in  the  common  schools  may  dismiss  their 
schools,  without  forfeiture  of  pay,  on  such  legal  holidays  as  the  military  governor 
may  from  time  to  time  appoint. 

75.  School  year ,  week ,  and  day. — The  school  year  shall  begin  on  the  1st  day  of  Sep¬ 
tember  of  each  year  and  close  on  the  31st  day  of  August  of  the  succeeding  year. 
Schools  shall  open  regularly  on  the  second  Monday  of  September  of  each  year,  and 
the  first  term  shall  end  on  December  24  next  following.  The  second  term  shall 
begin  January  2  of  each  year  and  end  on  the  Friday  next  preceding  Holy  Week. 
The  third  term  shall  begin  on  the  first  Monday  after  said  Holy  Week  and  end  when 
paragraph  69  has  been  complied  with.  The  school  month  shall  consist  of  four  school 
weeks,  and  the  school  week  shall  consist  of  the  five  days  from  Monday  to  Friday, 
inclusive.  The  daily  school  session  shall  be  for  six  hours,  not  including  recesses, 
and  shall  be  divided  into  a  morning  and  afternoon  session. 

76.  Boards  to  control  schools  and  appoint  officers. — Each  board  of  education  shall 
have  the  management  and  control  of  the  public  schools  of  the  district,  except  as 
otherwise  provided  for  boards  of  education  in  city  districts,  with  full  power  to 
appoint  principals,  teachers,  janitors,  and  other  employees,  and  fix  their  salaries  or 
pay,  provided  such  salaries  per  month  do  not  exceed  the  following:  In  Habana,  $65; 
in  the  capitals  of  provinces  and  in  Cardenas  and  Cienfuegos,  $50.  In  all  other  munic¬ 
ipalities,  $40,  except  for  all  teachers  in  schools  with  an  average  attendance  of  less 
than  30  pupils,  in  which  case  the  salary  shall  not  exceed  $30;  and  any  person  serving 
as  a  regular  teacher  of  a  school,  and  also  having  the  supervision  of  not  less  than  two 
other  schools,  shall  be  rated  as  a  principal  on  the  rolls  and  receive  the  additional 
sum  of  $10  per  month.  Such  salaries  or  pay  may  be  increased,  but  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  the  term  for  which  the  appointment  is  made;  but  no  person  shall 
be  appointed  for  a  longer  time  than  one  year,  and  the  board  of  education  may  dis¬ 
miss  any  appointee  for  inefficiency,  neglect  of  duty,  immorality,  or  improper  con¬ 
duct.  Women  only  shall  be  employed  in  schools  for  girls;  either  women  or  men 
may  be  employed  in  schools  for  boys.  For  similar  services  women  and  men  shall 
at  all  times  receive  equal  pay. 

77.  Date  of  teacher' s  appointment. — The  teacher’s  appointment  shall  date  from  and 
the  teacher’s  salary  shall  begin  on  the  day  when  he  first  takes  charge  of  a  school  during 
any  school  term,  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  calendar  month  thereafter  he  shall  be 
paid  such  part  of  a  month’s  salary  as  corresponds  to  the  length  of  time  he  has  been 
in  actual  charge  of  a  school.  Thereafter  his  salary  shall  be  due  and  payable  for  each 
calendar  month,  and  all  contracts  for  the  service  of  teachers  shall  be  for  a  term  or 
period  of  time  ending  on  the  last  day  of  August  of  the  school  year  for  which  the 
teacher  was  hired. 


596 


RERORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


78.  Salary  during  vacations. — The  teacher’s  salary  will  continue  during  vacations  as 
well  as  the  actual  school  periods. 

When  salary  may  not  he  drawn. — In  order  t4.be  entitled  to  draw  the  salary  during 
vacations,  teachers  must  employ  such  periods  in  normal  schools,  teachers  meeting  for 
instruction,  or  in  following  other  courses  of  instruction  approved  by  the  board  of 
superintendents,  provided  that  such  school  meetings  or  courses  of  study  are  previously 
prescribed  by  said  board,  otherwise  the  salary  will  be  regularly  due  the  teachers 
without  vacation  work. 

79.  When  unlawful  to  employ  teachers. — It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  board  of  educa¬ 
tion,  prior  to  the  annual  election  and  the  qualification  of  the  director  or  directors 
elected  thereat,  to  employ  or  contract  to  employ  any  teacher  for  a  term  to  commence 
after  the  expiration  of  the  current  school  year;  and  the  school  director  in  each  sub¬ 
district  of  municipal  districts,  the  president  of  the  school  board  in  each  city  district 
of  the  second  class,  and  the  superintendents  of  instruction  in  city  districts  of  the 
first  class  shall  give  to  the  teacher  or  teachers  under  their  control  certificates  of  such 
employment  and  of  services  rendered,  addressed  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  educa¬ 
tion,  who,  upon  presentation  thereof  and  compliance  of  such  teachers  with  the  pro¬ 
visions  of  paragraph  49,  shall  draw  orders  on  the  proper  disbursing  officer  for  the 
amount  certified  to  be  due  in  favor  of  the  parties  entitled  thereto,  and  the  said  dis¬ 
bursing  officer  shall  pay  the  same.  If  salaries  are  not  paid  within  thirty  days  of 
the  date  of  application  for  the  same  by  the  teacher,  boards  of  education  shall,  and 
teachers  may,  report  the  fact  to  the  commissioner  of  public  schools,  who  will  give 
the  matter  personal  attention. 

80.  Teachers  may  sue  hoard  for  pay. — If  the  board  of  education  of  any  district  dis¬ 
miss  any  teacher  for  any  frivolous  or  insufficient  reason,  such  teacher  may  bring  suit 
against  such  board  of  education,  and  if  on  the  trial  of  the  case  a  judgment  be  obtained 
against  the  board  of  education,  the  board  shall  direct  the  clerk  to  issue  an  order  upon 
the  proper  disbursing  officer  for  the  sum  so  found  due  to  the  person  entitled  thereto, 
and  in  such  suits  process  may  be  served  on  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  the  district,  and 
service  upon  him  shall  be  sufficient. 


ENUMERATION. 

81.  Yearly  enumeration  of  school  youth. — There  shall  be  taken  in  each  district 
annually  during  the  two  weeks  ending  on  the  fourth  Saturday  of  March  an  enumera¬ 
tion  of  all  unmarried  youths,  denoting  sex,  between  6  and  18  years  of  age,  resident 
within  the  district  and  not  temporarily  there,  designating  also  the  number  between 
8  years  of  age,  the  number  between  8  and  14  years  of  age,  the  number  between  14 
and  16  years  of  age,  and  the  number  between  16  and  18  years  of  age. 

82.  How  enumeration  of  youth  is  taken. — Each  person  required  or  employed  under 
this  order  to  take  such  enumeration  shall  take  an  oath  or  affirmation  to  take  the 
same  accurately  and  truly  to  the  best  of  his  skill  and  ability.  When  making  return 
thereof  to  the  proper  officers,  he  shall  accompany  the  same  with  a  list  of  the  names 
of  all  the  youths  so  enumerated,  noting  the  age  of  each,  and  with  his  affidavit  duly 
certified  that  he  has  taken  and  returned  the  enumeration  accurately  and  truly  to 
the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief,  and  that  such  list  contains  the  names  of  all 
youths  so  enumerated  and  none  others. 

Compensation  for  same. — The  officer  to  whom  such  return  is  required  to  be  made 
may  administer  such  oath  or  affirmation  and  take  and  certify  such  affidavits,  and 
shall  keep  in  his  office  for  the  period  of  five  years  such  reports  and  lists  of  names, 
and  each  person  taking  and  returning  the  enumeration  shall  be  allowed  by  the 
proper  board  of  education  reasonable  compensation  for  his  services,  which  in 
municipal  subdistricts  shall  not  exceed  $2  for  each  person  authorized,  required,  or 
appointed  to  perform  the  service. 


EDUCATION. 


597 


83.  Director  to  take  enumeration  in  subdistricts. — The  director  of  each  subdistrict  shall 
take  the  enumeration  of  his  subdistrict  and  return  same  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education  in  the  manner  prescribed  herein. 

84.  Clerks  to  transmit  abstract  of  enumeration  to  provincial  superintendent. — The  clerk 
of  each  board  shall,  annually,  on  or  before  the  first  Saturday  of  April,  make  and 
transmit  to  the  provincial  superintendent  of  the  province  in  which  is  situated  the 
corresponding  district,  an  abstract  of  the  enumeration  by  this  order  required  to  be 
returned  to  him,  according  to  the  form  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  public 
schools,  with  an  oath  or  affirmation  indorsed  thereon  that  it  is  a  correct  abstract  of 
the  returns  made  to  him  under  oath  or  affirmation,  and  the  oath  or  affirmation  of  the 
clerk  may  be  administered  and  certified  by  any  member  of  the  board  of  education  or 
by  the  provincial  superintendent. 

85.  Provincial  superintendents  to  furnish  abstract  to  commissioner  of  public  schools. — Each 
provincial  superintendent  shall  make  and  transmit  to  the  commissioner  of  public 
schools,  on  or  before  the  last  Saturday  of  April  in  each  year,  on  blanks  to  be  furnished 
by  the  latter,  an  abstract  of  the  enumeration  returns  made  to  him,  duly  certified. 

86.  Penalty  for  making  fraudulent  returns. — An  officer  through  whose  hands  the 
enumeration  required  herein  to  be  returned  passes,  who,  by  percentage  or  otherwise, 
adds  to  or  takes  from  the  nupiber  actually  enumerated,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and,  upon  conviction  of  such  offense,  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not 
less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $500,  or  imprisoned  in  the  proper  jail  not  less  than  ten 
nor  more  than  thirty  days,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

87.  False  returns  from  teachers. — Any  enumerator,  teacher,  principal,  or  superin¬ 
tendent  who  makes  a  fraudulent  return  of  statistics  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  upon  conviction  of  such  offense  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not  less  than  $5  nor 
more  than  $500,  or  imprisoned  in  the  proper  jail  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than 
thirty  days,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

ATTENDANCE. 

88.  Time  of  attendance. — Every  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person,  having  charge 
of  any  child  between  the  ages  of  6  and  14  years,  shall  send  such  a  child  to  a  public, 
private,  or  parochial  school  not  less  than  twenty  weeks,  at  least  ten  weeks  of  which, 
commencing  with  the  first  four  weeks  of  the  school  year,  shall  be  consecutive,  occa¬ 
sional  daily  absence  for  reasonable  excuse  excepted. 

Excusal  from  such  attendance. — Unless  the  child  is  excused  from  such  attendance  by 
the  president  of  the  board  of  education  in  municipal  districts  or  city  districts  of  the 
second  class,  and  the  superintendent  of  instruction  in  city  districts  of  the  first  class, 
upon  a  satisfactory  showing,  either  that  the  bodily  or  mental  condition  of  the  child 
does  not  permit  of  its  attending  school,  or  that  the  child  is  being  instructed  at  home 
by  a  person  qualified,  in  the  opinion  of  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education,  to  teach 
writing,  spelling,  reading,  geography,  and  arithmetic. 

89.  Employment  of  children  under  14  years  of  age. — No  child  under  the  age  of  14  years 
shall  be  employed  by  any  person,  company,  or  corporation  during  the  school  term, 
and  while  the  public  schools  are  in  session,  unless  the  parent,  guardian,  or  person  in 
charge  of  such  child  shall  have  fully  complied  with  the  requirements  of  the  preced¬ 
ing  paragraph.  Every  person,  company,  or  corporation  shall  require  proof  of  such 
compliance  before  employing  any  such  minor,  and  shall  make  and  keep  a  written 
record  of  the  proof  given,  and  shall,  upon  the  request  of  the  truant  officer  hereinafter 
provided  for,  permit  him  to  examine  such  record.  Any  person,  company,  or  corpo¬ 
ration  employing  any  child  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  paragraph  shall  be 
fined  not  less  than  $25  nor  more  than  $50. 

90.  Truant  officers. — To  aid  in  the  enforcement  of  the  last  two  paragraphs  truant 
officers  shall  be  appointed  and  employed  as  follows:  In  city  districts  the  board  of 
education  shall  appoint,  employ,  and  fix  the  salary  of  one  or  more  truant  officers; 


598 


REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


in  township  districts  the  board  of  education  shall  appoint  one  truant  officer.  The 
compensation  of  the  truant  officer,  except  in  city  districts,  shall  be  $2  per  day  for 
each  day  actually  employed  in  carrying  out  the  orders  of  the  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education. 

91.  Powers  and  duties. — The  truant  officer  shall  be  vested  with  police  powers,  and 
shall  have  authority  to  enter  workshops,  factories,  stores,  and  all  other  places  where 
children  may  be  employed,  and  do  whatever  may  be  necessary  in  the  way  of  investi¬ 
gation,  or  otherwise,  to  enforce  the  last  two  paragraphs.  The  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education,  upon  the  representation  of  the  truant  officer,  shall  institute  proceedings 
against  any  officer,  parent,  guardian,  person,  or  corporation  violating  any  of  the  pro¬ 
visions  of  the  last  two  paragraphs.  The  truant  officer  shall  keep  a  record  of  his  trans¬ 
actions  for  the  inspection  and  information  of  the  board  of  education,  and  he  shall 
make  such  reports  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education  as  are  required  by  him. 

91.  Reports  of 'principals  and  teachers. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  principals  and 
teachers  of  schools — public,  private,  and  parochial — to  report  to  the  clerk  of  the  board 
of  education  of  the  district  in  which  the  schools  are  situated  the  names,  ages,  and 
residence  of  all  pupils  in  attendance  at  their  schools,  together  with  such  other  facts 
as  said  clerk  may  require,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  carrying  out  of  the  last  three  para¬ 
graphs,  and  such  report  shall  be  made  the  last  week  of  each  month.  It  shall  be  the 
further  duty  of  such  principals  and  teachers  to  report  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of 
education  all  cases  of  truancy  in  their  respective  schools  as  soon  after  the  offenses 
have  been  committed  as  practicable. 

92.  Proceedings  in  cases  of  truancy. — On  the  request  of  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  edu¬ 
cation,  the  truant  officer  shall  examine  into  any  case  of  truancy  within  his  district, 
and  warn  the  truant  and  its  parents,  guardian,  or  other  person  in  charge,  in  writing, 
of  the  final  consequences  of  truancy  if  persisted  in.  When  any  child  between  the 
ages  of  8  and  14  years  is  not  attending  school  without  lawful  excuse,  or  in  violation 
of  the  preceding  paragraph,  the  truant  officer  shall  notify  that  parent,  guardian,  or 
other  person  in  charge  of  said  child  of  the  fact,  and  require  such  parent,  guardian, 
or  other  person  in  charge  to  cause  the  child  to  attend  some  recognized  school  within 
five  days  of  the  day  of  notice;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  parent,  guardian,  or 
other  person  in  charge  of  the  child  so  to  cause  its  attendance  at  some  recognized  school. 

Penalties  imposed  on  parents,  guardians ,  etc. — Upon  failure  to  do  so  the  truant  officer 
shall  report  the  case  to  the  clerk  of  the  board  of  education,  who  shall  make  com¬ 
plaint  against  the  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person  in  charge  of  the  child  in  any 
court  of  competent  jurisdiction  in  the  district  in  which  the  offense  occurs  for  such 
failure,  and  upon  conviction  the  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person  in  charge  shall 
be  fined  not  less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $25,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  the 
offense  to  be  punishable  as  a/a&a;  or  the  court  may,  in  its  discretion,  require  the  per¬ 
son  so  convicted  to  give  a  bond  in  the  penal  sum  of  $100,  with  sureties  to  the 
approval  of  the  court,  conditioned  that  he  or  she  will  cause  the  child  under  his  or 
her  charge  to  attend  some  recognized  school  within  five  days  thereafter,  and  to 
remain  at  such  school  during  the  term  prescribed  by  law;  and  upon  a  failure  or 
refusal  of  any  such  parent,  guardian,  or  other  person  to  pay  said  fine  or  furnish  said 
bond  according  to  the  order  of  the  court,  then  said  parent,  guardian,  or  other  per¬ 
son  shall  be  imprisoned  in  the  proper  jail  not  less  than  five  days  nor  more  than  ten 
days. 

93.  When  child  is  exempt. — When  any  truant  officer  is  satisfied  that  any  child, 
compelled  to  attend  school  by  the  provisions  preceding,  is  unable  to  attend  school 
because  absolutely  required  to  work,  at  home  or  elsewhere,  in  order  to  support  itself, 
or  help  support  or  care  for  others  legally  entitled  to  its  support,  who  are  unable  to 
support  or  care  for  themselves,  the  truant  officer  shall  report  the  case  to  the  board 
of  education,  who  may  exempt  such  child  from  the  provisions  preceding. 

94.  Penalties. — Any  officer,  principal,  teacher,  or  person,  mentioned  in  the  forego- 


EDUCATION. 


599' 


ing  paragraphs,  neglecting  to  perform  any  duty  imposed  upon  him  by  these  para¬ 
graphs,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $20  for  each  offense.  Any 
officer  or  agent  of  any  corporation  violating  any  of  the  aforementioned  paragraphs, 
who  participates  or  acquiesces  in  or  is  cognizant  of  such  violation,  shall  be  fined  not 
less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $20.  Any  person  who  violates  any  of  the  aforesaid 
paragraphs  for  which  a  penalty  is  not  elsewhere  provided  shall  be  fined  not  more 
than  $50. 

Jurisdiction. — Correctional  judges,  or  if  the  district  has  not  a  correctional  judge, 
then  the  municipal,  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  try  the  offenses  described  in  the  afore¬ 
said  paragraphs,  and  their  judgment  shall  be  final. 

95.  Where  law  does  not  operate. — This  enforced  attendance  shall  not  be  operative  in 
any  school  district  where  there  are  not  sufficient  accommodations  in  the  public 
schools  to  seat  children  compelled  to  attend  the  public  schools  under  the  provisions 
of  the  five  preceding  paragraphs. 

96.  Duty  of  commissioner  of  public  school. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioner 
of  public  schools  from  time  to  time,  whenever  deemed  advisable,  to  formulate  and 
forward  to  boards  of  education  throughout  the  island  regulations  and  suggestions  for 
the  instruction  and  guidance  of  all  persons,  officers,  superintendents,  principals, 
teachers,  and  persons  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  preceding  six  paragraphs, 
or  any  of  their  provisions. 

teachers’  institute. 

97.  Organization  by  board  of  superintendents. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of 
superintendents  to  organize  in  each  province  at  least  one  teachers’  institute,  and  more 
than  one,  if,  in  the  opinion  of  the  board  of  superintendents,  one  will  not  accommo¬ 
date  all  the  teachers  of  the  province. 

98.  Number  and  salaries  of  instructors  and  lecturers. — The  board  of  superintendents 
shall  determine  upon  the  number  and  salaries  of  instructors  and  lecturers  of  any 
institute  and  the  length  of  each  session  of  the  institute,  provided  that  no  session 
shall  continue  less  than  four  school  weeks.  Each  teacher  shall  attend  at  least  one 
complete  session  of  the  institute  in  order  to  obtain  his  salary  during  the  vacation 
period. 

Attendance  of  teachers  necessary  to  collect  vacation  salaries. — As  a  condition  of  attend¬ 
ing  the  institute  each  teacher  shall  deposit  with  an  individual,  to  be  designated  by 
the  board  of  superintendents,  the  amount  of  $5,  which  shall  form  the  institute  fund. 

99.  Institute  fund. — This  fund  shall  be  used  to  cover  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
institute  and  shall  be  expended  and  accounted  for  as  directed  in  order  from  time  to 
time.  If  the  expenses  of  the  institute  exceed  in  amount  the  institute  fund,  the 
unpaid  balance  shall  be  paid  from  the  island  revenues.  If  the  institute  fund  for  any 
year  exceeds  the  expenses  of  the  institute  for  that  year,  such  excess  shall  go  to  form 
a  sinking  fund  for  the  support  of  the  institute. 

100.  Organization  of  institutes. — The  board  of  superintendents  shall,  at  their  regular 
meeting  in  October,  1900,  decide  upon  a  plan  for  the  organization  of  the  teachers’ 
institutes  of  the  island  for  the  school  years  of  1900-1901,  and  submit  the  same  to  the 
secretary  of  public  instruction  and  the  military  governor  for  approval  as  soon  there¬ 
after  as  possible. 

101.  Plans  for  the  examination  of  teachers. — The  board  of  superintendents  shall  at 
their  regular  meeting  in  October,  1900,  decide  upon  a  plan  for  the  examination  of 
the  teachers  of  the  island  as  to  their  qualification  to  teach,  and  shall  present  the 
same  in  writing  to  the  military  governor  through  the  secretary  of  public  instruction 
as  soon  thereafter  as  possible  for  his  approval. 

102.  Certificate  a  requisite  to  employment  of  teacher. — After  the  approval  and  publica¬ 
tion  of  the  plan  mentioned  in  the  preceding  paragraph  no  person  shall  be  employed 
as  teacher  in  a  common  school  who  has  not  obtained  from  a  board  of  examiners  hav- 


600 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

ing  competent  jurisdiction,  a  certificate  of  good  moral  character  and  that  he  or  she 
is  qualified  to  teach  such  branches  of  study  as  the  board  of  superintendents  may 
decide  upon  and  possesses  adequate  knowledge  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  teaching. 

103.  All  salaries  and  fines  mentioned  in  this  order  shall  be  payable  in  United  States 
currency  or  its  equivalent. 

Institute  Collegiate  Coukse. 

I.  The  studies  included  in  the  collegiate  course  (segunda  ensenanza)  will  be  offered 
at  the  official  institutes  or  at  schools  incorporated  with  the  institutes. 

II.  The  following  qualifications  are  necessary  for  admission  to  the  studies  offered 
in  the  collegiate  course: 

First.  The  applicant  for  admission  must  be  at  least  14  years  old,  or  be  specially 
authorized  to  be  admitted. 

Second.  He  shall  demonstrate  that  he  has  taken  the  primary,  elementary,  and 
superior  courses  of  instruction. 

The  applicant  shall  undergo  an  examination  whereby  he  shall  demonstrate: 

(а)  That  he  speaks,  reads,  and  writes  the  Spanish  language  correctly; 

(б)  That  he  reads  and  translates  English  or  French  passably,  and 

(c)  That  he  has  studied  and  is  familiar  with  the  following  subjects: 

1.  Practical  arithmetic  up  to  the  application  of  ratio  and  proportions. 

2.  Mechanical  drawing  and  elements  of  geometry. 

3.  Complete  geography  of  Cuba,  elements  of  geography  of  America,  and  rudi¬ 
ments  of  universal  geography. 

4.  Elements  of  the  history  of  Cuba  and  the  rest  of  America. 

5.  Elements  of  physical  geography. 

6.  Elements  of  hygiene. 

7.  Elements  of  physiology. 

8.  Elements  of  zoology  and  botany. 

III.  The  institute  collegiate  course  comprises — 

Grammar  and  Spanish  literature  (historical  and  preceptive). 

A  foreign  language  (English  or  French). 

Universal  geography,  universal  history. 

Mathematics,  including  trigonometry. 

Physics. 

Chemistry. 

Elements  of  cosmology  (physical  description  of  the  world). 

Introduction  to  biology.  Natural  history. 

Logic  and  elements  of  psychology. 

Introduction  to  sociology.  Civic  instruction. 

These  studies  shall  be  completed  in  at  least  four  years. 

IV.  The  distribution  of  the  studies  in  the  different  vears  shall  rest  with  the  insti- 

V 

tutes,  subject,  however,  to  the  following  rules: 

The  first  course  of  a  foreign  language  may  be  given  in  Spanish.  The  following 
course  must  be  given  in  the  language  taught. 

The  study  of  geography  shall  precede  that  of  history.  ’ 

Algebra  shall  precede  physics  and  chemistry.  Geometry  shall  precede  cosmology. 

Cosmology  shall  precede  biology  and  these  studies  shall  precede  sociology. 

Elements  of  cosmology  and  introduction  to  biology  and  sociology  are  elective 
courses. 

It  shall  be  stated  in  the  diploma  given  to  the  student  at  the  end  of  his  studies 
whether  he  has  followed  any  or  all  of  the  elective  courses. 

V.  On  completion  of  each  course  the  standing  and  progress  of  the  student  shall  be 
demonstrated  by  the  following  examinations: 


ROYAL  COLLEGE  OF  BELEN,  HABANA. 


EDUCATION. 


601 


Examination  in  Spanish  Grammar  and  Literature. 

The  candidate  shall  be  required  to  write  one  or  two  paragraphs  on  several  sut>. 
jects  selected  from  a  list  prepared  beforehand  by  the  board,  to  be  taken  from  stand¬ 
ard  modern  Spanish  or  Spanish- American  works. 

He  shall  be  required  to  give  an  oral  explanation  of  what  he  may  have  written  and 
to  demonstrate  his  knowledge  of  the  rules  of  grammar  and  of  rhetoric. 

He  shall  demonstrate  that  he  has  read  and  studied  several  classical  works  of 
Spanish  literature  (XYI  to  XIX  centuries),  which  shall  be  designated  at  the  com¬ 
mencement  of  the  course. 

The  examination  shall  embrace  the  literary  form  and  the  classification  of  the  work, 
the  author,  and  the  literary  period  to  which  they  may  belong. 

The  student  shall  also  present  his  composition  and  notebooks,  certified  to  by  his 
professor. 

Serious  mistakes  in  orthography,  syntax,  and  elocution  will  determine  the  failure 
of  the  student. 

Examination  in  Foreign  Language. 

The  candidate  shall  translate  into  correct  Spanish  some  passages  taken  from 
standard  contemporary  works.  These  works  shall  be  periodically  designated  by  the 
institute. 

He  shall  translate  from  Spanish  into  the  language  in  which  he  is  to  be  examined 
some  passages  designated  for  the  purpose. 

He  shall  answer  in  the  language  he  is  being  examined  in  the  questions  put  to  him 
about  the  lexicography  and  syntax  of  the  passages  he  may  have  translated. 

Examination  in  Geography. 

The  candidate  shall  solve  a  series  of  problems  on  the  planisphere  and  on  the  ter¬ 
restrial  sphere. 

He  shall  answer  questions  demonstrating  that  he  understands  the  principles  of 
map  making. 

He  shall  pass  an  oral  map  examination. 

He  shall  write  an  exercise  on  a  subject  of  descriptive  geography  presented  by  the 
board,  in  which  exercise  he  must  show  his  knowledge  of  orography,  hydrography, 
different  races,  and  of  the  physical,  political,  and  economical  nomenclature  of  any 
country  or  region  designated.  He  shall  be  allowed  the  use  of  any  work  he  may 
desire  to  consult  in  the  preparation  of  this  exercise. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  and  designs  made  during  the  course,  certified  to 
by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  History. 

This  examination  shall  consist  of  two  exercises:  one  oral,  the  other  written. 

The  oral  examination  will  be  before  a  map.  It  will  show  the  general  knowledge 
of  the  candidate  regarding  the  principal  historical  epochs  and  a  more  circumstantial 
knowledge  of  a  period  of  modern  history,  which  period  shall  be  selected  by  the 
examining  board. 

The  written  exercise  shall  consist  of  a  thesis  on  a  subject  of  modern  history  to  be 
previously  selected  by  the  board.  In  said  exercise  the  candidate  must  demonstrate 
a  general  knowledge  of  the  political  and  social  condition  of  the  country  during  the 
period  designated.  He  shall  be  allowed  the  use  of  such  works  as  he  may  desire  to 
consult. 

He  must  present  his  notebook  certified  to  by  his  professor  and  his  sketches  of  his¬ 
torical  maps,  and  must  prove  that  he  has  read  historical  works. 


602 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Examination  in  Mathematics  (Arithmetic,  Algebra,  Geometry,  and 

Trigonometry  ) . 

It  shall  consist  in  the  solution  of  a  series  of  problems,  not  less  than  five,  for  each 
one  of  the  four  divisions,  whereby  the  candidate  must  demonstrate  by  reasoning  his 
knowledge  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  science  of  mathematics. 

The  board  shall  take  note  of  the  clearnesss  and  precision  shown  by  the  student  in 
his  reasoning  and  demonstrations. 

The  student  shall  present  his  notebooks,  and  the  work  done  by  him  during  the 
course,  which  shall  be  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Physics. 

The  candidate  shall  select  thirty  experimental  exercises  from  a  list  prepared 
beforehand  by  the  institute.  Of  these  exercises  ten  shall  relate  to  mechanics  and 
five  each  to  light, heat,  sound,  and  electricity,  respectively. 

The  board  may  require  such  exercise  or  exercises  as  it  may  deem  necessary,  and  an 
explanation  of  the  theories  on  which  they  are  based.  This  examination  shall  take 
place  in  the  laboratory. 

He  shall  present  a  written  thesis  on  a  subject  selected  by  the  board,  which  thesis 
shall  relate  to  the  application  of  physical  laws  to  current  phenomena. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  with  a  description  and  result  of  his  work  in  the 
laboratory.  They  shall  be  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Chemistry. 

The  candidate  shall  choose  twenty  experiments  from  a  list  prepared  beforehand 
by  the  institute.  The  examining  board  will  require  him  to  perform  one  or  more 
of  said  experiments  and  give  the  necessary  explanations. 

This  examination  shall  take  place  in  the  laboratory. 

The  candidate  shall  present  a  written  thesis  on  a  subject  selected  by  the  board, 
which  thesis  shall  demonstrate  his  acquaintance  with  chemical  phenomena  and  its 
laws. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  with  a  description  and  result  of  his  work  in  the 
laboratory,  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Elements  of  Cosmology. 

The  examination  shall  be  written  and  oral. 

The  first  shall  demonstrate  the  student’s  general  knowledge  of  the  mechanism  of 
the  universe,  especially  of  the  earth,  as  well  as  his  skill  in  the  handling  of  the  more 
necessary  instruments  for  elementary  astronomical  and  meteorological  observations. 

The  second  exercise  shall  consist  in  the  students  presenting  a  written  thesis  on  a 
subject  selected  by  the  board.  Subjects  on  geology  and  physical  geography  will  be 
preferred. 

The  candidate  shall  present  his  copy  books  with  the  notes  and  observations  made 
by  him  during  the  course.  These  copy  books  shall  be  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Biology. 

The  student  shall  present  a  short  thesis  on  the  subject  given  him  by  ihe  board, 
which  shall  demonstrate  that  he  possesses  a  thorough  knowledge  of  vital  phenomena. 

He  shall  answer  all  questions  in  reference  to  his  thesis. 

Examination  in  Natural  History  (Mineralogy,  Botany,  Zoology). 

The  object  of  this  examination  is  to  demonstrate  that  the  student  understands  the 
elemental  phenomena  of  these  sciences,  and  that  he  has  studied  them  by  direct 
observation. 


EDUCATION. 


603 


He  shall  undergo  an  oral  examination  embracing  at  least  one  sample  of  each 
kingdom. 

This  examination  shall  take  place  in  the  museum. 

The  student  shall  present  a  certificate  from  the  professor  of  his  having  examined 
during  the  course  at  least  twenty  minerals,  twenty  plants,  and  twenty  animals,  and 
the  descriptions  and  classifications  he  may  have  made. 

Examination  in  Logic  and  Elements  of  Psychology. 

The  candidate  shall  demonstrate  that  he  knows  the  fundamental  laws  of  logic  m 
their  two  divisions — inductive  and  deductive;  and  he  shall  present  exercises  on 
propositions,  syllogism  and  sophism. 

He  shall  present  a  written  thesis  on  a  subject  given  him  by  the  board  on  psycho¬ 
logical  data  of  logic. 

He  shall  present  his  exercises  and  notebooks  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

Examination  in  Sociology. 

The  candidate  shall  present  a  thesis  on  a  subject  given  him  by  the  board  which 
shall  demonstrate  that  he  posesses  a  thorough  knowledge  of  social  phenomena. 

He  shall  answer  all  questions  in  reference  to  his  thesis. 

Examination  on  Civic  Instruction. 

The  candidate  shall  demonstrate  by  an  oral  examination  that  he  possesses  a  general 
knowledge  concerning  the  state,  individual  freedom,  government  and  its  functions. 

He  shall  present  a  thesis  wherein  he  shall  apply  said  principles  to  the  political 
organization  of  Cuba  in  any  of  the  different  periods  of  its  history,  which  period 
shall  be  selected  by  the  board. 

He  shall  present  his  notebooks  certified  to  by  the  professor. 

At  the  close  of  the  exercises  of  each  examination,  the  board  shall  decide  whether 
the  student  has  passed  (aprobado;  A. ),  has  failed  (desaprobado;  D. ),  or  is  conditioned 
(suspenso;  S.). 

The  institute  may  order  special  examinations  at  the  end  of  each  course. 

After  passing  the  final  examinations  in  compulsory  studies,  the  student  has  the 
right  to  demand  his  examination  for  a  diploma  as  bachelor  of  letters  aiM  sciences. 
This  shall  be  oral  and  written. 

The  oral  examination  shall  last  at  least  one  hour,  and  shall  consist  in  his  replying 
satisfactorily  to  the  different  questions  of  the  board  on  subjects  in  the  different 
studies. 

The  written  exercises  shall  consist  of  a  thesis  on  a  subject  drawn  by  chance  from 
a  list  prepared  beforehand  by  the  institute.  The  board  shall  be  assembled  to  listen 
to  the  reading  of  the  thesis,  and  the  candidate  shall  be  required  to  give  such  explana¬ 
tions  as  the  board  may  deem  proper. 

The  fee  for  this  examination  shall  be  $10. 

Professors. 

VI.  There  shall  be  professors,  assistant  and  supernumerary  professors. 

Professors  shall  be  appointed  according  to  the  following  classification: 

Class  A.  Spanish  grammar  and  literature  (3  courses). 

Classes  B  and  C.  English  and  French  (2  courses,  respectively). 

Class  D.  Universal  geography  and  history  (2  courses). 

Class  E.  Mathematics  (3  courses). 

Class  F.  Physics  and  chemistry  (3  courses,  2  of  physics  and  1  of  chemistry). 

Class  G.  Cosmology;  biology;  natural  history  (3  courses). 

Class  H.  Logic;  sociology  and  civic  instruction  (2  courses). 


604  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

When  the  number  of  students  does  not  exceed  50,  each  class  shall  have  one 
professor. 

When  the  number  exceeds  50,  an  assistant  professor  shall  be  also  appointed.  If 
the  number  exceeds  100  another  assistant  professor  shall  be  appointed,  and  so  on  for 
each  50  students. 

The  professor  shall  teach  all  the  courses  in  each  subject. 

The  salary  of  the  professor  shall  be  $1,500  per  annum  for  the  first  course,  with  an 
increase  of  40  per  cent  and  20  per  cent  of  the  salary  for  the  second  and  third  courses, 
respectively.  The  salary  of  an  assistant  professor  shall  be  $750  per  annum,  with  the 
same  proportionate  increase. 

Should  a  professorship  become  vacant  the  assistant  professor  shall  be  appointed 
thereto.  If  there  be  more  than  one  assistant  professor,  the  senior  shall  be  appointed 
to  the  vacant  professorship. 

There  shall  'be  at  least  two  supernumerary  professors  at  each  institute;  one  for  the 
academic  branches  and  one  for  the  scientific.  Thev  will  assume  the  duties  of  the 
professors  and  assistant  professors  whenever  these  may  be  absent  for  good  and  suffi¬ 
cient  reason.  Supernumerary  professors  shall  receive  one-fourth  the  salary  of  a  full 
professor.  They  shall  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  $750  per  annum  for  the  time  over  one 
month  they  may  serve  as  substitutes  to  a  professor.  The  resulting  difference  shall 
be  deducted  from  the  salary  of  the  professor. 

Services  rendered  as  supernumerary  professor  will  be  taken  into  consideration 
when  appointing  assistant  professors. 

Salaries  in  the  institutes  of  the  provinces  shall  be  reduced  10  per  cent,  proportionally. 

APPOINTMENT  OF  PROFESSORS. 

The  following  rules  shall  govern  the  appointment  of  professors  for  those  chairs 
which  may  become  vacant  in  the  future  and  are  not  filled  by  the  promotion  thereto 
of  an  assistant  professor,  and  for  the  appointment  of  assistant  professors: 

The  candidate  shall  be  a  doctor  in  letters  or  sciences.  He  shall  present  a  written 
statement  of  his  works  (books)  or  researches. 

He  shall  present  before  a  board,  appointed  for  the  purpose  by  the  secretary  of 
public  instruction,  a  written  composition  on  a  subject  pertaining  to  the  chair  he 
desires  to  obtain;  the  subject  to  be  selected  from  a  list  previously  made  out  by  the 
board. 

Should  the  course  require  oral  teaching,  he  shall  give  an  experimental  oral  lesson 
before  the  board. 

The  composition  shall  be  written  within  six  hours,  in  a  closed  room,  the  candidate 
being  allowed  to  consult  such  works  as  he  may  require. 

The  oral  lesson  shall  take  place  after  twenty-four  hours’  free  preparation. 

It  shall  last  three-quarters  of  an  hour. 

Should  there  be  but  one  candidate,  the  board  upon  consideration  of  his  fitness  as 
demonstrated  by  his  works  (books)  or  researches,  and  by  his  previous  examina¬ 
tions,  shall  approve  or  disapprove  the  claim.  Approval  will  in  this  case  entitle  the 
candidate  to  the  chair. 

Should  there  be  more  than  one  candidate,  the  board  shall  prepare  a  list  of  those 
who  have  passed  the  examination  according  as  they  are  more  or  less  fit.  First  place 
on  the  list  will  carry  with  it  a  right  to  the  chair. 

The  degree  of  doctor  in  letters  or  sciences  is  not  required  for  a  professorship  in 
foreign  languages. 

\\  hen  full  professors  are  without  employment  they  Shall  be  given  preference  as 
assistant  professors. 

Matriculation. 

\  II.  Students  admitted  to  the  institute  collegiate  course  shall  pay  $25  a  year,  in 
two  installments. 


EDUCATION. 


605 


This  registration  fee  gives  them  the  right  to  attend  all  the  courses  of  the  institute. 

When  a  student  attends  experimental  courses  he  shall  pay  $3  a  year,  in  one  pay¬ 
ment,  for  the  use  of  the  laboratory. 

Students  of  incorporated  colleges  shall  not  pay  for  matriculation  in  the  institute, 
but  shall  pay  an  examination  fee  of  $10  for  each  subject  taught. 

Students  of  private  institutions  may  present  themselves  for  examination  on  pay¬ 
ment  of  the  same  fee  for  each  course. 

Museums  and  Laboratories. 

VIII.  The  allotment  for  scientific  material  (instruments)  for  the  use  of  the  Insti¬ 
tute  of  Habana  is  hereby  settled  in  the  amount  of  $3,000. 

This  allotment  shall  be  proportionally  distributed  among  the  several  museums  and 
laboratories,  according  to  the  judgment  of  the  director,  after  consultation  with  the 
different  professors. 

Preparatory  Course. 

IX.  For  two  years,  commencing  October  1,  1900,  a  preparatory  course  shall  be 
given  at  the  institutes,  for  which  the  age  requisite  is  not  necessary. 

To  attend  the  preparatory  course  the  applicant  must  prove  that  he  has  received 
primary  elementary  instruction. 

The  studies  of  the  preparatory  course  shall  be: 

Group  A.  Spanish  grammar  with  exercises  of  composition  and  derivation;  recita¬ 
tion  of  selected  pieces  in  Spanish  prose  or  verse,  with  explanation  of  the  same;  ele¬ 
ments  of  geography  and  history. 

Group  B.  Practical  arithmetic  up  to  ratio  and  proportion;  mechanical  drawing 
and  elements  of  geometry;  elements  of  hygiene;  elements  of  physiology,  zoology, 
and  botany. 

The  distribution  of  these  classes  and  their  duration  shall  be  regulated  by  the 
institute. 

Each  group  shall  be  taught  by  a  professor,  aided  by  such  number  of  assistants  as 
he  may  require,  in  the  same  proportion  of  one  assistant  for  each  additional  fifty 
students. 

The  salaries  of  these  professors  shall  be  $2,000. 

The  matriculation  fee  for  the  two  courses  shall  be  $20,  payable  in  two  installments. 

Calisthenic  Exercises. 

X.  Calisthenic  exercises  shall  be  obligatory  to  the  students  of  the  institute. 

At  each  institute  there  shall  be  a  gymnasium  and  an  instructor  of  gymnastics. 

XI.  The  secretary  of  public  instruction  will  issue  the  necessary  instructions  in 
order  that  students  whq  are  actually  following  courses  in  the  institutes  may  complete 
their  studies. 

University  InsTRucTioN. 

The  University  of  Habana  shall  have  three  faculties,  viz:  The  facuhy  of  letters  and 
sciences,  the  faculty  of  medicine  and  pharmacy,  the  faculty  of  law. 

The  faculty  of  letters  and  sciences  shall  include  the  school  of  letters  and  philoso¬ 
phy,  the  school  of  pedagogy,  the  school  of  sciences,  the  school  of  engineers,  electri¬ 
cians,  and  architects,  the  school  of  agriculture. 

The  faculty  of  medicine  and  pharmacy  shall  include  the  school  of  medicine,  the 
school  of  pharmacy,  the  school  of  dental  surgery,  the  school  of  veterinarians. 

The  faculty  of  law  shall  include  the  school  of  civil  law,  the  school  of  public  law, 
the  school  of  notaries  public. 

The  university  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  a  rector  and  shall-have  a  general 
secretary.  These  functionaries  shall  be  elected  by  the  professors  of  the  faculties,  in 
full  session. 


606 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  election  shall  be  made  by  a  majority  of  at  least  two-thirds  of  the  professors 
present,  there  being  assembled  at  least  three-fourths  of  the  total  number  of  professors. 

The  office  of  rector  shall  last  three  years;  that  of  secretary  six  years.  There  shall 
be  no  limit  to  reelections. 

The  rector  and  secretary  shall  not  be  necessarily  professors,  but  if  they  should  be, 
they  shall  not  occupy  their  chairs  during  the  time  they  till  the  aforementioned  offices. 

There  shall  be  a  board  of  inspectors  for  the  university,  which  shall  look  to  the 
improvement  and  prosperity  of  the  institution  and  propose  to  the  government  any 
measures  tending  to  said  object. 

The  board  shall  consist  of  eleven  members,  as  follows:  Three  members  ex  officio, 
namely,  the  president  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Habana,  the  president  of  the 
“Sociedad  Economica, ”  the  president  of  the  supreme  court;  two  members  designated 
by  the  faculty  of  the  university,  but  not  belonging  to  it;  two  members  delegated 
from  the  six  institutes  of  the  island,  but  not  belonging  to  any  of  them;  one  member 
appointed  by  the  Association  Estudios  Clinicos  of  Habana;  one  member  appointed 
by  the  bar  association  of  Habana;  two  members  appointed  by  the  government  from 
among  persons  distinguished  for  their  knowledge  or  artistic  attainments.  Four  of  the 
eight  members  shall  be  elected  every  three  years.  They  shall  hold  office  six  years. 

The  Faculties. 

Each  faculty  is  composed  of  the  professors  of  its  different  school  and  shall  be  pre¬ 
sided  over  by  a  dean,  and  have  a  secretary,  elected,  both  of  them,  from  the  professors. 

The  faculty  shall  freely  regulate  the  order  of  instruction  of  its  different  schools, 
distribute  and  subdivide  the  courses,  appoint  periods  for  vacations  and  examinations, 
and  recommend  the  reform,  extension  of  studies,  increase  of  courses,  addition  of 
chairs  and  laboratories  which  the  growth  of  the  school  may  demand,  without  further 
limitations  than  the  following: 

The  complete  courses  of  the  university  must  last  nine  months  within  the  year. 

The  courses  in  any  school,  which  students  of  another  school  or  of  another  faculty 
may  be  obliged  to  follow,  shall  be  so  arranged  as  to  be  accessible  to  said  students, 
and  the  different  faculties  shall  agree  upon  suitable  days  and  hours  for  the  corre¬ 
sponding  lectures.  In  case  of  any  disagreement  among  the  faculties  the  rector  shall 
decide  the  matter. 

Each  faculty  shall  establish  its  own  regulations  and  submit  them  to  the  approval 
of  the  rector.  In  case  of  disapproval  he  will  state  the  reasons  therefor.  The  faculty 
may  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  rector  to  the  board  of  inspectors. 

Faculty  of  Letters  and  Sciences. 

SCHOOL  OF  LETTERS  AND  PHILOSOPHY. 

The  studies  to  be  pursued  in  the  school  are:  Latin  language  and  literature;  Greek 
language  and  literature;  linguistics  and  philology;  history  of  modern  literature; 
psychology;  universal  modern  history;  moral  philosophy;  sociology;  history  of 
philosophy  (lectures). 

For  the  establishment  of  the  chairs  these  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Latin  language  and  literature,  3  courses. 

Chair  B.  Greek  language  and  literature,  3  courses. 

Chair  C.  Linguistics  and  philology,  1  course. 

Chair  D.  History  of  Spanish  literature,  1  course;  history  of  modem  foreign  litera¬ 
ture,  2  courses. 

Chair  E.  History  of  America,  1  course;  modern  history  of  the  rest  of  the  world,  2 
courses. 

Chair  F.  Psychology,  1  course;  moral  philosophy,  1  course;  sociology,  1  course. 


EDUCATION. 


607 


Final  written  examinations  shall  be  held  on  each  subject.  Students  shall  answer 
.all  questions  put  to  them  by  the  board  upon  the  subjects  they  may  have  considered, 
and  shall  present  certificates  testifying  to  the  work  they  have  done  during  the  courses. 
Examination  in  Latin  and  Greek  requires  sight  translation  and  the  answering  of  any 
questions  concerning  the  text  translated. 

Everything  else  concerning  the  examination  shall  be  regulated  by  the  faculty. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  exercises  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  philosophy  and 
letters  any  students  who  may  have  satisfactorily  completed  all  the  courses  of  the 
school  of  letters  and  philosophy. 

These  exercises  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  thesis  on  a  subject  selected  by 
the  candidate  from  a  list  which  the  faculty  shall  prepare  annually  and  in  answering 
to  the  questions  on  said  thesis  given  him  by  the  examining  board. 

Also  the  delivery,  after  twenty-four  hours  of  free  preparation,  of  an  oral  lesson  of 
not  more  than  three-quarters  of  an  hour  duration. 

The  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  shall  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  philosophy  and  letters  to  students  passing  the  above  examinations. 

SCHOOL  OP  PEDAGOGY. 

The  studies  to  be  pursued  in  this  school  are:  Pedagogic  psychology,  pedagogic 
methodology,  history  of  pedagogy,  mechanical  and  free-hand  drawing. 

For  the  establishment  of  the  chairs  these  subjects  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Pedagogic  psychology,  1  course;  history  of  pedagogy,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Pedagogic  methodology,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Drawing,  2  courses. 

A  school  of  practice  for  teachers  shall  be  added  to  the  school  of  pedagogy. 

Examinations  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of  each  course,  in  the  same  manner  as  those 
for  the  schools  of  letters  and  philosophy. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  exercises  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  pedagogy  any 
students  who  may  have  satisfactorily  passed  all  of  the  examinations  of  the  school  of 
pedagogy  and  examinations  on  the  following  studies:  History  of  Spanish  literature, 
history  of  America,  modern  history  of  the  rest  of  the  world,  psychology,  moral  phi¬ 
losophy,  physiology,  hygiene,  anthropology. 

At  the  same  time  the  student  shall  demonstrate  that  he  has  taught  as  assistant  to  a 
professor  at  the  school  of  practice  during  a  year  at  least. 

Tlqe  exercises  shall  be  equal  to  those  of  the  school  of  philosophy  and  letters;  but 
the  lesson  must  refer  strictly  to  the  application  of  padagogic  methods  to  any  of  the 
matters  of  instruction  in  the  schools. 

The  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  shall  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  pedagogy  to  the  students  who  have  duly  qualified  in  these  subjects. 

School  of  Sciences. 

4 

The  studies  to  be  taught  in  this  school  are  mathematical  analysis  in  all  its 
branches;  geometry  (descriptive  and  analytical);  trignonometrv  (analytical,  plane, 
and  spherical);  astronomy;  mechanics;  physics  (heat,  light,  sound,  electricity); 
chemistry  (inorganic  and  organic,  qualitative  and  quantitative  analysis);  cosmol¬ 
ogy;  biology;  anthropology;  mineralogy  and  crystallography;  botany,  and  zoology. 

For  the  establishment  of  the  chairs  these  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Mathematical  analysis,  2  courses. 

Chair  B.  Geometry  and  trigonometry,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Astronomy,  1  course;  cosmology,  1  course. 

Chair  D.  Mechanics,  1  course;  physics,  2  courses. 

Chair  E.  Chemistry,  2  courses. 

Chair  F.  Anthropology,  1  course. 

Chair  G.  Biology,  1  course;  zoology,  2  courses. 


608 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Chair  H.  Mineralogy,  1  course;  botany,  2  courses. 

The  school  of  sciences  has  a  cabinet  of  astronomy  and  another  of  physics,  a  chem.- 
ical  laboratory,  a  museum  of  anthropology  and  natural  history,  and  a  botanical 
garden. 

Each  cabinet  and  laboratory  shall  have  its  corresponding  head  and  the  necessary 
assistants;  the  museum  shall  have  a  curator  and  the  necessary  assistants;  the  garden 
a  director  with  the  necessary  assistants. 

Examinations  shall  be  held  upon  the  completion  of  each  course.  These  examina¬ 
tions  shall  be,  above  all,  of  a  practical  and  experimental  character.  The  students 
shall  exhibit  certificates  of  their  work.  . 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examinations  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  sciences 
any  students  who  may  have  successfully  passed  all  of  the  examinations  of  the  school 
of  sciences  besides  two  courses  of  drawing. 

These  exercises  shall  be  equal  to  those  of  the  school  of  philosophy  and  letters,  but 
the  oral  lesson  must  be  an  objective  one. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  sciences  to  the  students  who  have  been  found  duly  qualified  in  these  courses. 

School  of  Engineers,  Electricians,  and  Architects. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Topographical  and  structural  archi- 
tectual  drawing;  stereotomy,  shades  and  shadows,  perspective,  machine  design, 
stonecutting;  surveying  topography ;  geology  and  geodesy;  hydromechanics;  metal¬ 
lurgy;  graphic  statistics;  strength  of  materials;  machinery;  city  constructions  (art 
of  hewing  stone  and  handling  materials);  road  engineering  (city  streets  and  com¬ 
mon  roads,  bridges,  railroads);  architecture  (planning  of  buildings,  constructions, 
and  decorations  of  buildings) ;  history  of  architecture;  contracts,  estimates,  and  spe¬ 
cial  legislation  concerning  engineering  and  electricity;  special  instruction  in  electricity. 

These  studies  shall  be  grouped  in  the  following  manner: 

Chair  A.  Drawing,  3  courses. 

Chair  B.  Stereotomy,  3  courses. 

Chair  C.  Topography  and  surveying,  2  courses;  geology  and  geodesy,  1  course. 

Chair  D.  Metallurgy,  1  course;  civic  constructions,  1  course;  strength  of  materials, 
graphic  statistics,  1  course. 

Chair  E.  Hydromechanics,  1  course;  machinery,  1  course. 

Chair  F.  Road  engineering — streets  and  common  roads,  1  course;  bridges,  1  course; 
railroads,  1  course. 

Chair  G.  Architecture,  1  course;  history  of  architecture,  1  course;  contracts,  etc., 
1  course. 

Chair  H.  Special  instruction  in  electricity,  3  courses. 

The  school  shall  have  attached  to  it  a  mechanical  laboratory,  a  shop,  and  an  elec¬ 
trical  laboratory  and  workshop.  Each  laboratory  shall  have  a  chief  with  the  neces¬ 
sary  assistants. 

The  instruction  shall  be  eminently  practical.  Students  shall  be  obliged  to  visit 
workshops,  public  works,  and  constructions. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  descriptive  character  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of 
each  course.  Students  shall  exhibit  the  work  they  may  have  completed,  certified  to 
by  the  professor. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examination  for  the  degree  of  civil  engineer,  any 
student  who  may  have  pursued  and  been  found  duly  qualified  in  all  of  the  courses 
of  the  school  of  engineers,  excepting  those  of  architecture  and  special  instruction  in 
electricity,  and  who  have  pursued  and  been  found  duly  qualified  in  the  following 
studies:  Mechanical  and  free-hand  drawing;  mathematical  analysis  in  all  its  exten¬ 
sion;  geometry  and  trigonometry;  astronomy;  mechanics;  physics;  chemistry; 
mineralogy. 


EDUCATION. 


609 


The  exercise  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  project  for  a  construction  in  any 
of  the  branches  of  study,  including  the  necessary  illustrative  designs,  plans,  and 
models,  and  an  estimate  for  the  work. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  civil 
engineer  to  the  students  who  have  passed  these  examinations. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examination  for  the  degree  of  electrical  engineer 
any  students  who  may  have  studied  and  been  found  duly  qualified  in  the  following 
studies:  Mathematical  analysis;  geometry  and  trigonometry;  mechanical  drawing 
applied  to  machinery;  mechanics;  physics;  chemistry;  metallurgy;  strength  of 
materials;  machinery;  special  course  in  electricity. 

The  exercise  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  study  of  an  electrical  machine, 
plant,  system,  or  process,  with  the  designs,  models,  and  necessary  calculations. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  electrical 
engineer  to  the  students  who  have  passed  this  examination. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  degree  of  architect  any  students  who 
may  have  satisfactorily  passed  the  following  studies:  Mechanical  and  free-hand 
drawing;  mathematical  analysis;  geometry  and  trigonometry;  mechanics;  physics; 
chemistry;  mineralogy;  topographic,  structural,  and  architectural  drawing;  stere- 
otomy;  strength  of  materials;  graphic  statistics;  civil  constructions;  machinery;  archi¬ 
tecture;  history  of  architecture;  contracts;  hygiene. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  in  the  presentation  of  a  plan  for  the  construction  of  a 
public  or  private  building,  with  the  necessary  illustrative  designs,  plans,  and  models, 
and  its  estimate. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  architect 
to  the  students  who  pass  said  exercises  satisfactorily. 

The  faculty  shall  regulate  the  studies  for  builders,  and  shall  grant  said  title  to 
students  who,  after  having  followed  the  courses  pertaining  thereto,  shall  pass  the 
examination  required  by  the  faculty. 

Matriculation  for  said  studies  shall  take  place  at  the  office  of  the  faculty,  and  the 
latter  shall  also  collect  the  examination  fees. 

School  of  Agriculture. 

The  studies  followed  in  this  school  are  industrial  chemistry  and  industrial  analy¬ 
sis,  manufacture  of  sugar,  agriculture,  zootechny. 

These  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Industrial  chemistry  with  analysis,  1  course;  manufacture  of  sugar,  1 
course. 

Chair  B.  Agriculture,  2  courses;  zootechny,  1  course. 

The  school  shall  have  a  piece  of  ground  for  agricultural  experiments,  which  shall 
be  in  charge  of  the  professor  of  Chair  B,  with  the  necessary  assistants. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  experimental  character  shall  be  held  at  the  end 
of  each  course.  Students  shall  present  certificates  of  work  done  by  them. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  title  of  chemical  agricultural 
expert  any  student  who  may  have  passed  all  the  courses  of  the  school,  and  the  fol¬ 
lowing  studies:  Mathematical  analysis,  geometry  and  trigonometry,  mechanics, 
physics,  chemistry,  topography  and  surveying,  mineralogy,  geology,  zoology,  botany. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  a  series  of  chemical  industrial  analyses  and  of  the 
presentation  of  a  project  for  a  farming  enterprise. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of 
chemical  agricultural  expert  to  students  who  satisfactorily  pass  said  exercises. 

School  of  Medicine. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are  hygiene;  physiology;  anatomy;  normal 
histology;  dissection;  pathological  anatomy,  and  histology;  bacteriology;  topographical 
24662 - 39 


610 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899. 


anatomy  and  operations;  general  pathology,  with  its  clinic;  medical  pathology,  with 
its  clinic;  surgical  pathology,  with  its  clinic;  gynecology,  with  its  clinic;  obstetrics, 
with  its  clinic;  pediatrics,  with  its  clinic;  therapeutics  and  materia  medica;  medical 
jurisprudence  and  toxicology. 


Groups  of  studies  in  the  school  of  medicine. 


Descriptive  anatomy 
Dissection . 


li 


Normal  histology  and  histo-chem- 
istry. 

Medical  physics  and  chemistry . 


Physiology,  with  demonstrations.... 
Medical  natural  history  pharma¬ 


cology. 

Therapeutics,  materia  medica,  etc... 

Toxicology . . 

General  pathology,  with  clinic _ 

Bacteriology . 


Pathological  anatomy  and  histology. 


Medicine . 

rl Tropical  diseases . 

°1  Clinical  analysis,  microscopic  and 
chemical. 

f  fClinical  medicine . 

Diseases  of  children  with  clinic . 

(Surgical  pathology . 

7-lGynecology  with  clinic . 

(Surgical  anatomy  and  operations _ 

(Clinical  surgery. . 

Genito-urinary  surgery . 

Skin  and  syphilis . 

9  Obstetrics  with  clinic . 

10fHygiene  and  State  medicine . 

iU\Legal  medicine . 


1  course. . . 

Prof.  A. . 

2  courses. . 

Demonstrator  A . 

£  course... 

Asst.  A . . 

Chief  of  laboratory  A. 

1  course... 

Prof.  B.. 

Chief  of  laboratory  B. 

l  course. . . 

Prof.  B. . 

. do . 

J  course... 

Prof.  C.. 

Chief  of  laboratory  C. 

1  course . . . 

Prof.  C. . 

. do . 

^  course _ 

Prof.  G. . 

. do . 

i  course... 

Prof.  D . . 

Special  interne  A . 

i  course... 

Prof.  D . . 

Chief  of  laboratory  D. 

i  course... 

Asst.  A.. 

Chief  of  laboratory  A. 

1  course... 

Prof.  E. 

£  course... 

Prof.  D. 

Special  interne  A . 

1  course _ 

Demonstrator  B . 

1  course... 

Prof.  F. 

Chief  of  clinic  A . 

1  course... 

Asst.  B. 

Special  interne  B . 

1  course _ 

Prof.  G. 

1  course... 

Prof.  G. 

Special  interne  C . 

1  course... 

Asst.  C. 

. . 

1  course... 

Prof.  H. 

Chief  of  clinic  C . 

i  course... 

Prof.  H. 

. do . 

i  course... 

Prof.  H. 

. do . 

1  course... 

Prof.  I. 

Chief  of  clinic  D . 

1  course... 

Prof.  J. 

Chief  of  Laboratory  E 

£  course... 

Prof.  J. 

. do . 

Assistant  dem¬ 
onstrators  A 
and  B. 

Assistant  dem¬ 
onstrator  C. 

Assistant  dem¬ 
onstrator  D. 

Do. 

Assistant  dem¬ 
onstrator  E. 

Do. 

Do. 


Assistant  dem¬ 
onstrator  F. 
Assistant  dem¬ 
onstrator  G. 


Assistant, B.H. 


Assistant  I. 


Assistant  J. 
Do. 


Special  lectures  of  three  months’  duration,  namely:  Ophthalmology,  nervous  and 
mental  diseases,  throat,  nose,  and  ear. 

The  school  shall  have  an  anatomical  amphitheater,  a  histological  laboratory,  and 
a  bacteriological  laboratory.  There  shall  be  a  chief  for  each  one  of  these  depart¬ 
ments  and  for  each  of  the  clinics,  with  the  necessary  assistants. 

Students  are  obliged  to  do  practical  work  of  dissection,  histology  and  pathological 
anatomy,  and  to  visit  the  hospitals  from  the  second  year  on. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  descriptive  character  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of  each 
course.  Students  shall  exhibit  the  courses  and  practical  work  they  have  completed, 
certified  to  by  the  professor. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  the  examinations  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  medicine 
any  students  who  may  have  passed  all  of  the  studies  of  the  school,  in  addition  to 
those  of  physics  and  chemistry. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  oral  and  written  examinations  on  four  cases  of  clin¬ 
ical  medicine,  on  a  case  of  fracture  and  two  or  more  of  clinical  surgery,  three  cases  of 
obstetrics,  and  one  of  clinical  pediatrics. 

The  board  may  require  the  candidate  to  give  oral  explanations. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  medicine  to  the  students  who  have  been  found  duly  qualified  in  these  examina¬ 
tions. 

School  of  Pharmacy. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Analytical  chemistry;  special  analy¬ 
sis  (medicines,  food  and  poisons);  pharmacography  (pharmaceutical  matter);  prac¬ 
tical  pharmacy. 


EDUCATION. 


611 


These  studies  shall,  for  the  assignment  of  chairs,  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Analytical  chemistry,  2  courses;  special  analysis,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Pharmacography,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Practical  pharmacy,  2  courses. 

The  school  shall  have  three  laboratories:  One  for  analysis,  another  for  pharmacog¬ 
raphy,  and  the  other  for  pharmacy. 

There  shall  be  chiefs  of  laboratories  and  assistants. 

Examinations,  mainly  of  a  practical  and  experimental  character,  shall  be  held  at 
the  end  of  each  course.  Students  shall  present  certificates  of  the  work  done  by 
them  in  the  laboratory. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  pharmacy  any 
students  who  may  have  passed  all  of  the  studies  of  the  school  of  pharmacy,  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  following:  Physics,  chemistry,  and  botany. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  four  analyses:  One  for  an  organic  substance,  one  for  a 
medicinal  substance,  one  for  a  food  substance,  and  another  for  a  toxic  substance;  and 
of  two  exercises  in  laboratory  work,  one  of  them  being  the  microscopic  examination 
of  some  pharmaceutic  matter,  and  the  other  the  manipulation  of  formulae  or  pre¬ 
scriptions. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  pharmacy  to  the  students  who  have  passed  these  examinations. 

School  of  Dental  Surgery. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Abnormal  histology  of  the  mouth; 
special  pathology  of  the  mouth;  operative  dentistry;  mechanical  dentistry. 

These  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Abnormal  histology  of  the  mouth,  1  course;  mechanical  dentistry,  2  courses. 

Chair  B.  Special  pathology  of  the  mouth,  1  course;  operative  dentistry,  2  courses. 

The  school  shall  have  a  dental  laboratory  and  a  dental  Clinic.  This  laboratory 
shall  have  the  necessary  assistants;  the  professor  of  operative  dentistry  shall  be  the 
head  of  the  clinic  and  have  the  necessary  assistants. 

Examinations  of  a  practical  and  descriptive  character  shall  take  place  at  the  end 
of  each  course.  Students  shall  present  certificates  of  their  work  in  the  laboratory 
and  clinic. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examinations  for  the  degree  of  dental  surgeon  any  stu¬ 
dents  who  may  have  passed  the  studies  of  the  school  of  dental  surgery,  as  well  as 
the  following:  Anatomy,  normal  histology,  physiology,  general  pathology,  patho¬ 
logical  anatomy  and  histology  and  bacteriology,  therapeutics  and  materia  medica. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  of  the  examination  of  four  clinical  dental  cases  and  a 
written  report  on  them,  and  the  presentation  of  a  sample  of  the  student’s  work  done 
within  the  laboratory  of  the  school. 

The  board  may  require  the  candidate  to  give  oral  explanations. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  dental 
surgeon  to  the  students  who  may  have  passed  these  examinations. 

The  school  of  veterinary  medicine  shall  be  organized  later. 

School  of  Civil  Law. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Roman  law,  civil  law,  penal  law, 
law  of  procedure,  commercial  law,  and  public  instruments. 

For  the  establishment  of  chairs,  these  studies  shall  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Roman  law,  i  course;  public  instruments,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Civil  law,  3  courses. 

Chair  C.  Penal  law,  2  courses. 

Chair  D.  Law  of  procedure,  2  courses;  commercial  law,  1  course. 


612 


REPOET  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


An  academy  for  legal  practice  shall  be  attached  to  the  school. 

After  the  first  year  of  study  students  are  obligated  to  attend  public  law  suits  in  the 
courts  of  justice  of  this  capital. 

Examinations  shall  be  held  at  the  end  of  each  course;  these  examinations  shall 
always  be  in  writing.  Students  shall  answer  the  questions  put  to  them  by  the  board 
concerning  the  subjects  they  have  treated,  and  shall  present  certificates  of  the  work 
they  may  have  done  during  the  courses. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examination  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  civil  law  any 
students  who  may  have  passed  all  the  studies  of  the  school,  in  addition  to  the 
following:  Latin,  modern  history,  psychology,  moral  philosophy,  sociology,  political 
economy,  and  anthropology. 

These  exercises  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  thesis  upon  a  subject  selected 
by  the  candidate  from  a  list  the  faculty  shall  annually  prepare  and  of  an  oral  exam¬ 
ination  by  the  board. 

He  shall  explain  to  the  board  the  records  of  a  civil  or  criminal  suit,  their  connec¬ 
tion  and  object,  and  give  a  clear  opinion  on  the  case. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
in  civil  law  to  the  students  who  may  have  passed  these  examinations. 

School  of  International  Law. 

The  studies  to  be  followed  in  this  school  are:  Political  economy,  public  finance, 
administrative  law,  constitutional  law,  international  law. 

These  studies  are  for  the  establishment  of  the  chairs,  grouped  as  follows: 

Chair  A.  Political  economy,  1  course;  public  finance,  1  course. 

Chair  B.  Administrative  law,  2  courses. 

Chair  C.  Constitutional  law,  2  courses;  international  law,  1  course. 

At  the  end  of  each  course  examinations  shall  be  held  in  the  same  manner  as  those 
for  the  school  of  civil  law. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examinations  for  the  degree  of  doctor  in  international 
law  any  students  who  may  have  passed  all  of  the  examinations  of  the  school  of  inter¬ 
national  law  and  the  following:  Modern  history,  psychology,  moral  philosophy, 
sociology,  civil  law,  penal  law. 

The  exercise  shall  consist  of  the  presentation  of  a  thesis  under  the  same  conditions 
as  those  of  the  school  of  civil  law. 

The  rector  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  grant  the  title  of  doctor 
of  international  law  to  the  students  who  may  have  passed  these  examinations. 

School  of  Notaries  Public. 

The  studies  to  be  pursued  in  this  school  are:  Civil  law,  penal  law,  law  of  procedure, 
commercial  law,  administrative  law,  public  instruments. 

Students  in  this  school  must  have  one  year  practical  experience  before  obtaining 
their  degrees. 

The  faculty  shall  admit  to  examinations  for  the  title  of  notary  public  any  students 
who  may  have  passed  all  of  these  studies. 

The  exercises  shall  consist  in  the  recording  of  different  public  documents  selected 
by  the  board. 

The  Professors. 

There  shall  be  professors,  assistant  professors,  assistant  professors  (chiefs  of  clinic), 
and  assistant  professors  (chiefs  of  laboratory). 

There  shall  be  a  professor  for  each  of  the  chairs  of  the  different  schools,  who  shall 
teach  all  of  the  courses  of  the  subject.  The  salary  of  a  professor  shall  be  $2,000  per 
annum  for  the  first  course,  and  he  shall  receive  40  per  cent  and  20  per  cent  increase 
of  his  salary  for  the  second  and  third  courses,  respectively. 


EDUCATION. 


613 


Professors  who  have  a  clinic  attached  to  their  chairs  shall  be  paid  the  half  course 
at  the  rate  of  a  whole  course,  as  increase  of  salary. 

Those  in  charge  of  one  course  only,  with  a  clinic  attached  thereto,  shall  receive  an 
increase  of  20  per  cent  of  their  salary,  and  those  teaching  two  courses  with  a  clinic 
shall  receive  10  per  cent  increase. 

The  assistant  professors  shall  substitute  the  professors  during  their  justified  absences. 
Whenever  an  assistant  professor  (chief  of  a  clinic  or  of  a  laboratory)  takes  the  place 
of  the  professor,  he  shall  be  substituted  in  his  functions  as  a  chief  by  the  first  assist¬ 
ant  to  the  professor. 

The  assistant  professors  become  professors  in  cases  of  vacancy. 

The  school  of  letters  and  philosophy  shall  have  two  assistant  professors,  one  for 
for  the  group  of  languages  and  the  other  for  that  of  history  and  the  philosophic 
sciences. 

The  school  of  pedagogy  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  sciences  shall  have  as  many  assistant  professors  as  there  may  be 
chiefs  of  laboratories  required.  The  curator  of  the  museum  and  the  director  of  the 
botanical  garden  are  also  assistant  professors. 

The  school  of  engineers  shall  have  an  assistant  professor  and  its  corresponding 
chiefs  of  laboratory. 

The  school  of  medicine  shall  have  an  assistant  professor  and  its  chiefs  of  laboratory 
and  clinic.  The  chief  of  the  amphitheater  is  also  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  pharmacy  shall  have  as  many  assistant  professors  as  there  may  be 
laboratory  chiefs  required. 

The  school  of  dental  surgery  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  civil  law  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

The  school  of  public  law  shall  have  an  assistant  professor. 

One  of  the  assistant  professors  of  the  faculty  of  letters  and  philosophy  shall  be  the 
librarian  of  the  university. 

Assistant  professors  who  have  no  additional  functions,  such  as  chief  of  laboratory, 
etc.,  are  obliged  to  give  two  weekly  lectures  on  subjects  connected  with  their  school. 

The  salary  of  the  assistant  professors  who  have  no  additional  functions  shall  be 
$750  per  annum. 

Whenever  they  substitute  a  professor  they  shall  have  an  increase  of  $250. 

Assistant  professors  (chiefs  of  laboratories  and  clinics),  the  curator  of  the  museum, 
the  director  of  the  botanical  garden,  the  chief  of  the  amphitheater,  and  the  librarian 
shall  have  a  salary  of  $1,000  each  per  annum. 

The  assistants  to  professors  in  the  laboratories  and  clinics  shall  receive  $500  per 
annum.  Whenever  the  first  assistant  to  the  professor  takes  the  place  of  the  chief, 
said  amount  shall  be  increased  to  $750. 

Assistants  to  professors  are  appointed  by  the  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  faculty. 

All  doctors  graduated  in  the  University  of  Habana,  or  who  are  legally  incorporated 
therewith,  may  give  courses  of  lectures  in  the  university  upon  coming  to  an  agreement 
with  the  dean  of  the  faculty  to  which  the  subject  taught  may  belong. 

The  students  of  these  courses  shall  be  admitted  to  examination  upon  payment  of  a 
fee  of  $25  per  subject. 

Professorships. 

The  following  rules  shall  be  observed  in  regard  to  chairs  which  may  become  vacant 
and  not  be  filled  by  the  promotion  of  the  assistant  professors  thereto;  they  likewise 
apply  to  assistant  professorship. 

The  candidate  must  hold  the  degree  of  doctor  in  the  profession  to  which  the  chair 
may  belong.  The  title  of  engineer  shall  be  equivalent  to  that  of  doctor. 

The  title  of  normal  professor  authorizes  one  to  apply  for  the  chairs  of  the  school  of 
pedagogy.  No  title  is  required  for  candidates  to  the  chair  of  mechanical  and  free¬ 
hand  dra  winer. 


614 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  candidate  shall  exhibit  a  written  report  of  his  works,  books,  and  services  ren¬ 
dered  to  instruction. 

He  shall  present  to  the  board  of  examination  appointed  for  that  purpose  by  the 
board  of  inspectors,  a  written  composition  selected  from  a  list  of  subjects  prepared  by 
the  board,  on  the  studies  pertaining  to  the  chair  to  which  he  aspires.  He  shall 
accompany  the  composition  with  a  statement  of  the  works  he  has  consulted. 

After  forty-eight  hours’  free  preparation  he  shall  give  a  one-hour  oral  lesson  before 
the  board. 

The  composition  shall  be  written  within  six  hours,  in  a  closed  room,  but  the  can¬ 
didate  mav  consult  the  necessarv  works  for  reference. 

Candidates  for  the  chairs  of  sciences,  engineering,  medicine,  pharmacy,  and  dental 
surgery  shall  be  subjected  to  a  series  of  practical  examinations. 

If  there  should  be  but  one  candidate,  the  board  taking  into  consideration  excel¬ 
lence  displayed  in  his  works  or  books  and  the  preceding  exercises  will  approve  or 
disapprove  his  candidacy.  Approval  will  entitle  him  to  the  chair. 

If  there  should  be  more  than  one  candidate,  the  board  will  draw  up  a  list  of  those 
approved,  in  the  order  of  their  standing.  The  first  on  the  list  will  be  entitled  to 
the  chair. 

Candidates  who  may  have  formerly  been  professors  of  the  university  shall  be 
credited  with  the  services  they  have  rendered,  and  they  shall  be  excused  from  the 
first  exercise. 

The  Students. 

To  be  eligible  for  admission  as  a  student  to  the  University  of  Habana — 

The  candidate  must  be  18  years  old. 

He  must  have  obtained  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  letters  and  sciences  in  any  of 
the  institutes  of  the  island,  or  hold  a  similar  degree,  duly  certified  to,  from  a  foreign 
college  or  institute. 

Matriculation. 

The  students  admitted  to  the  university  shall  pay  $80  a  year  in  four  payments. 

Payment  of  said  matriculation  fee  admits  a  student  to  all  the  courses  of  the 
university. 

Whenever  the  student  attends  experimental  courses,  he  shall  pay  $6  a  year  in 
two  payments  for  the  use  of  the  laboratory. 

The  faculties  shall  admit  any  student  of  the  university  to  registration  in  their 
courses,  provided  he  has  paid  his  matriculation;  but  they  shall  not  admit  him  to 
examinations  in  a  course  until  he  has  passed  all  others  that  precede  it  in  accordance 
to  the  order  of  sequence  established. 

Students  following  private  courses  outside  of  the  universfty  may  attend  the  uni¬ 
versity  examination  by  paying  $25  for  each  subject. 

The  registration  fee  for  examination  for  a  degree  is  $25. 

Fellowships. 

There  are  three  fellowships  established,  one  for  each  faculty,  with  an  annual  allow¬ 
ance  of  $1,200  each. 

These  fellowships  shall  be  given  to  distinguished  students  of  the  university  after 
they  have  obtained  their  degrees. 

They  shall  be  awarded  bv  the  rector,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty  and 
a  majority  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  professors.  Students  who  obtain  fellowships 
must  go  abroad  to  complete  their  studies,  and  especially  to  perform  advanced  experi¬ 
mental  work. 

The  fellowships  shall  be  for  two  years. 


EDUCATION. 


615 


Students  holding  fellowships  from  the  university  shall  be  preferred  in  the  selection 
of  chiefs  of  clinics  and  laboratories. 

Museums  and  Laboratories. 

The  sum  of  $18,000  is  hereby  assigned  for  the  purchase  of  the  scientific  material 
of  the  university.  The  faculties  shall  forward  as  soon  as  practicable  the  estimates 
for  the  new  laboratories  to  be  established  in  accordance  with  this  order. 


Suppression  of  the  Professional  School. 

The  Professional  School  of  Habana  is  hereby  suppressed,  to  date  from  October  1, 
1900. 

Students  registered  in  this  school  may  continue  their  studies  in  the  school  of  engi¬ 
neering  of  the  University  of  Habana,  where  they  will  be  admitted  without  exami¬ 
nation  or  presentation  of  title  and  be  credited  with  whatever  courses  they  may  have 
already  successfully  passed  in  the  Professional  School. 

Such  students  shall  pay  the  university  a  matriculation  fee  of  only  $25  a  year  for 
three  years,  to  date  from  the  closing  of  the  Professional  School. 

The  title  of  master  workman  issued  by  the  Professional  School  of  Habana  shall 
admit  a  student  to  the  school  of  engineering  of  the  university. 

Such  students  will  be  credited  with  the  studies  successfully  passed  in  the  Profes¬ 
sional  School. 

The  secretary  of  public  instruction  is  hereby  charged  with  the  execution  of  this 
order  and  will  issue  such  instructions  as  to  details  as  may  be  necessary. 

It  is  probable  that  this  plan  will  require  modification  after  receiving 
a  practical  test,  and  in  fact  some  changes  have  already  been  suggested. 
It  will  be  given  a  thorough  trial,  however,  and  everything  will  be 
done  during  the  American  occupation  of  the  island  to  establish  and 
develop  a  thorough  course  of  public  education  suitable  to  the  character 
and  state  of  the  people.  In  pursuance  of  this  programme  upwards  of 
1,500  public  school  teachers  were  brought  to  Harvard  College  in  July 
for  instruction  in  American  methods  of  education  and  the  English 
language. 

At  the  end  of  June  there  were  3,000  public  schools,  3,500  teachers, 
and  130,000  pupils  under  instruction  in  Cuba,  and  the  estimated  expend¬ 
itures  for  school  purposes  for  this  year  is  upwards  of  $1,000,000.  By 
comparing  these  statistics  with  those  already  given  in  describing  the 
state  of  the  schools  prior  to  January  1,  1899,  it  will  be  evident  that 
some  progress  has  been  made.  But  a  great  deal  remains  to  be  done, 
as  nothing  concerning  the  welfare  of  the  island  is  of  more  importance 
than  the  education  of  the  children  upon  whom,  when  they  shall  have 
become  full  grown,  the  future  of  Cuba  will  depend. 

DISCUSSION  OF  THE  TABLES. 

In  addition  to  the  facts  regarding  education  derived  from  the  sched¬ 
ule  for  population  and  already  explained  (pp.  117  to  151),  a  special 


616 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


schedule  for  schools  was  furnished  to  the  enumerators,  of  which  the 
following  is  a  copy: 


Census  of  the  island  of  Cuba ,  taken  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States ,  1899. 

Schedule  No.  2. — School  Statistics. 

Supervisor’s  district  No.  - .  District  of  enumeration  No. - . 

Compiled  by  me  on  the _ day  of . ,  1899. 

- ,  Enumerator. 

1.  Name  of  the  school. 

2.  Situation. 

3.  State  whether  the  school  is  supported  by  public,  private,  or  religious  funds. 

4.  State  whether  pupils  are  day  or  boarding  pupils. 

5.  Number  of  buildings  composing  the  school, - ;  seating  capacity,  - . 

6.  Number  of  teachers:  males, - ;  females, - . 

7.  Number  of  pupils  in  the  school  during  the  last  school  year: 


Color  or  race. 

Pay  pupils. 

Free  pupils. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

White . 

Negro . 

Mixed  . 

Chinese . 

8.  Number  of  working  days  in  the  last  school  year, - ;  from - ,  1898,  to 

- ,  1899. 

9.  Average  daily  attendance  of  pupils  during  the  last  school  year, - . 


Tables  LIII  and  LIV  have  been  prepared  from  the  facts  reported  on 
that  schedule.  But  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  school  system  of 
Cuba,  while  always,  according  to  American  standards,  imperfect,  has 
suffered,  along  with  all  other  institutions,  from  the  war,  and  that  its 
condition  in  1899  was  not  fairly  representative  of  its  condition  five  or 
ten  years  earlier. 

From  Table  LIV  it  appears  that  85,009  pupils  were  reported  on 
the  school  schedule  as  attending  school.  From  Table  XIX  it  appears 
that  87,935  children  were  reported  as  having  attended  school  at  some 
time  during  the  twelve  months  preceding  October  16,  1899.  The 
difference  between  these  two  independent  sources  might  be  due  to  the 
fact  that  certain  schools  in  existence  at  some  time  during  the  census 
year  suspended  before  its  close,  and  thus  the  attendants  upon  them 
appeared  in  one  table,  but  not  in  the  other.  In  the  following  table  the 
results  from  the  two  sources  are  brought  together  by  provinces: 


Province. 

Children  reported  as 
attending  school. 

Excess  (  +  ) 
or  deficiency 
(  — )  reported 
on  school 
schedule. 

On  popu¬ 
lation 
schedule. 

On  school 
schedule. 

Habana . 

30,873 
14, 693 
3, 412 
4,398 
20, 301 
14,258 

27, 170 
15, 429 
3,055 
3, 327 
21,217 
14,811 

-3,703 
+  736 
-  357 
-1,071 
+  916 
+  553 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del*Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara.  .*. . 

Santiago . 

Cuba . 

87, 935 

85,009 

-2,926 

EDUCATION. 


617 


In  three  provinces  the  school  children  reported  on  the  population 
schedule  were  more  numerous,  and  in  the  other  three  less  numerous, 
than  those  reported  on  the  school  schedule.  This  negatives  the  hypoth¬ 
esis  just  stated  as  an  explanation  of  the  discrepancies,  or  at  least  shows 
that  other  influences  cooperated  to  cause  the  differences.  But  which¬ 
ever  column  is  accepted  as  the  more  accurate  the  general  results  are 
not  widely  diverse. 

Another  check  upon  the  accuracy  of  the  work  is  found  by  compar¬ 
ing  the  number  of  persons  occupied  as  teachers  according  to  Table 
XXVI  with  those  reported  as  school-teachers  on  the  school  schedule. 
The  former  reports  2,708  teachers  of  all  sorts,  the  latter  2,665  school¬ 
teachers.  The  other  43  might  have  been  teachers  not  properly  to  be 
classed  as  school-teachers.  But  when  the  comparison  is  made  for  the 
separate  sexes,  it  appears  that  on  the  occupation  returns  the  male 
teachers  were  more  numerous  by  116,  but  the  female  teachers  less 
numerous  by  73,  than  on  the  school  schedule.  These  results  show  no 
greater  divergence  than  the  experience  of  the  United  States  would 
lead  one  to  expect,  and  serve  to  strengthen  a  belief  in  the  general  care 
and  accuracy  with  which  the  census  of  Cuba  was  taken. 

Aside  from  the  conclusions  already  drawn  from  the  tables  for  edu¬ 
cation,  school  attendance,  and  literacy,  the  following  inferences  from 
Tables  LIII  and  LIV  seem  warranted: 

1.  The  reported  seating  capacity  (114,735)  was  over  one-third  greater 
than  the  entire  number  of  pupils  (85,009). 

2.  The  average  attendance  was  only  from  two-thirds  to  three-fourths 
of  the  pupils  enrolled,  even  after  due  allowance  is  made  for  the  omis¬ 
sions  on  this  point  mentioned  in  the  notes  to  the  tables. 

3.  Of  the  schools,  about  one-half  were  public;  the  other  half  private 
or  religious. 

4.  Private  and  religious  schools  were  the  main  form  in  Habana 
province;  public  schools  were  the  more  usual  type  in  Santa  Clara. 

5.  The  number  of  school  buildings  in  Cuba  and  in  each  province 
slightly  exceeded  the  reported  number  of  schools.  Apparently,  47 
school  buildings  were  not  occupied  by  schools. 

6.  Of  the  school-teachers,  about  two-fifths  were  male  and  three- 
fifths  female. 

7.  Of  the  pupils,  about  one-fourth  were  pay  pupils  and  three-fourths 
free  pupils.  But  outside  of  Habana  province  only  one-sixth  were  pay 
pupils  and  five-sixths  were  free  pupils,  while  in  that  province  nearly 
two-fifths  were  pay  pupils  and  three-fifths  free.  The  large  proportion 
of  private  schools  and  pay  pupils  in  Habana  is  probably  due  in  part 
to  the  better  economic  condition  of  the  capital. 


618 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


8.  The  following  table  gives  the  proportion  of  each  class  of  the  pop¬ 
ulation  reported  as  in  school: 


Class  of  population. 

Total  num¬ 
ber. 

Pupils  en¬ 
tered. 

Per  cent  of 
pupils  to 
population. 

White . 

1,052,397 

61, 230 

5.82 

Negro . 

234, 738 

9,597 

4.09 

Mixed . . . 

270, 805 

14, 029 

5. 18 

Chinese . 

14,  857 

153 

1.03 

Total . 

1,572,797 

85, 009 

5.40 

The  low  proportion  of  Chinese  in  school  is,  of  course,  due  to  the  fact 
that  the}"  are  nearly  all  in  adult  }rears.  A  few  young  persons,  howrever, 
'probably  children  of  Chinese  fathers  and  Cuban  mothers,  were  returned 
as  Chinese.  That  the  proportion  of  whites  in  school  is  higher  than  the 
proportion  of  colored  is  not  surprising,  but  it  is  somewhat  unexpected 
to  find  that  the  ratio  of  school  enrollment  to  population  among  those 
of  mixed  blood  is  nearer  to  the  white  than  to  the  colored  ratio.  In  the 
analysis  of  the  tables  for  school  attendance  it  was  shown  (p.  151)  that 
schools  in  the  cities  were  far  more  adequate  to  the  needs  than  in  the 
country.  It  may  be  that  the  mixed  population  are  more  numerous 
in  the  cities.  If  so,  this  would  be  one  element  in  explaining  the  higher 
ratio  of  school  enrollment  among  the  mixed.  On  making  the  compu¬ 
tation  from  the  figure's  in  Table  YI  it  appears  that  of  the  colored  pop¬ 
ulation  outside  the  fourteen  cities  separately  reported  less  than  half 
(49.  7  per  cent)  were  returned  as  mixed,  while  of  the  colored  population 
in  those  cities  not  far  from  three-fifths  (57.1  per  cent)  were  returned 
as  mixed.  Conclusions  from  a  census  inquiry  regarding  intermixture 
of  blood  between  races  must  be  stated  with  care  or  received  with 
reserve,  but  it  seems  fair  to  hold  that  either  the  fact,  or  in  all  events 
the  claim  and  appearance,  of  mixed  blood  is  more  general  in  Cuban 
cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  If  so,  this  fact  would  go  far  toward 
explaining  the  larger  proportion  of  the  mixed  population  in  the  public 
schools. 

Table  LIII. — Schools. 


Number 

of 

schools. 

Kind  of  school. 

Kind  of  pupils. 

Capacity. 

Public. 

Private. 

Reli¬ 

gious. 

Day. 

Board¬ 

ing. 

Both. 

Num¬ 
ber  of 
build¬ 
ings. 

Seating- 

capacity. 

Habana  . 

472 

169 

287 

16 

423 

6 

43 

505 

40, 447 

Matanzas . • . 

264 

128 

130 

6 

9 

9 

27° 

22  627 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

69 

37 

32 

65 

4 

70 

3'  395 

Puerto  Principe . 

79 

34 

44 

1 

77 

2 

80 

4  433 

Santa  Clara. . ! . 

344 

236 

104 

4 

329 

5 

10 

346 

27, 009 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

282 

151 

129 

2 

270 

4 

8 

284 

16, 824 

Cuba . 

1,510 

755 

726 

29 

1,410 

24 

76  1 , 557 

114, 735 

EDUCATION 


619 


Table  LIII.  — Schools — Continued. 


Number  of 
teachers. 

Number  of  pupils  entered. 

Average 

attend¬ 

ance. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana  . 

472 

586 

8,525 

8,094 

5,207 

5,344 

18,074 

Matanzas . 

169 

306 

6, 290 

6,300 

1,433 

1,406 

10, 126 

Dinar  del  Rio . 

41 

47 

1, 205 

888 

493 

469 

1,991 

Puerto  Principe . 

45 

57 

1,365 

1,123 

425 

414 

2,339 

Santa  Clara . 

218 

315 

9, 352 

9.038 

1,247 

1,580 

11,443 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

145 

264 

5,883 

5,997 

1,701 

1,230 

10, 325 

Cuba . 

1,090 

1,575 

32, 620 

31, 440 

10, 506 

10, 443 

54, 298 

Table  LIV — Pupils. 
WHITE. 


Total 

pupils 

entered. 

Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana . 

Matanzas . 

Dinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

Cuba . 

27, 170 
15,429 
3,055 
3,327 
21,217 
14, 811 

22, 195 
10,119 
2,252 
2,986 
14, 429 
9,249 

6, 621 
4, 103 
853 
1,154 
6,126 
3,749 

6,274 
3, 783 
588 
1,059 
5, 992 
3, 558 

4,634 

1,126 

418 

401 

1,103 

1,200 

4,666 

1,107 

393 

372 

1,208 

742 

85, 009 

61,230 

22, 606 

21,254 

8,882 

8, 488 

BLACK. 


Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana  . 

2,356 

2,407 

436 

941 

930 

205 

280 

Matanzas . 

1,109 

184 

1,086 

135 

77 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

166 

44 

42 

Puerto  Principe . 

109 

72 

22 

8* 

7 

Santa  Clara . 

2,  757 
1,532 

1,355 

578 

1,182 

579 

41 

179 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

221 

154 

Cuba . 

9,597 

4,239 

3, 965 

654 

739 

MIXED. 


Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana . 

2, 561 

946 

867 

357 

391 

Matanzas . 

2, 892 

1,112 

1,409 

161 

210 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

361 

167 

134 

27 

33 

Puerto  Principe . 

229 

139 

42 

15 

33 

Santa  Clara . 

3,974 

1,849 

1,832 

102 

191 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

4, 012 

1,545 

1,858 

277 

332 

„  Cuba  . 

14, 029 

5, 758 

6, 142 

939 

1,190 

CHINESE. 


Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Habana  . 

58 

17 

23 

12 

6 

Matanzas . 

11 

2 

9 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

6 

1 

4 

i 

Puerto  Principe . 

3 

1 

2 

Santa  Clara..! . 

57 

22 

32 

1 

2 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

18 

11 

2 

3 

2 

Cuba . 

153 

53 

66 

21 

13 

620  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Besides  the  above  there  were  omitted  from  the  schedules  the  fol¬ 
lowing  data: 

o 

In  Habana  were  21  schools  in  which  the  number  of  pupils  entered 
was  not  given.  There  were  II  schools  in  which  the  seating  capacity 
was  not  stated.  In  these  schools  were  entered  881  pupils. 

In  Matanzas  were  II  schools,  in  which  were  entered  311  pupils,  of 
which  the  average  attendance  was  not  given.  There  were  also  2 
schools  in  which  apparently  no  pupils  were  entered. 

In  Pinar  del  Rio  there  was  one  school  whose  seating  capacity  was 
not  given  and  9  in  which  the  average  attendance  was  omitted.  These 
9  schools  had  508  entered  pupils. 

In  Puerto  Principe  were  3  schools  in  which  the  number  of  entered 
pupils  was  omitted,  and  11  schools,  with  255  pupils  entered,  whose 
average  attendance  was  not  stated. 

In  Santa  Clara  the  returns  were  very  deficient.  There  were  96 
schools,  with  1,891  pupils  entered,  in  which  the  average  attendance 
was  omitted,  and  2  schools  in  which  there  were  no  pupils  entered. 

In  Santiago  were  25  schools,  with  903  entered  pupils,  whose  average 
attendance  was  not  given. 


APPENDICES. 


APPENDIX  I. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT  ORDERS  ORGANIZING  THE  CENSUS. 

War  Department, 
Washington ,  August  19,  1899. 

I.  By  direction  of  the  President  a  census  of  the  population,  of  the  agricultural 
products,  and  of  the  educational  conditions  of  Cuba  shall  be  taken  on  the  16th  day 
of  October  and  completed  by  or  before  the  30th  day  of  November,  1899. 

II.  Lieut.  Col.  J.  P.  Sanger,  Inspector-General,  is  appointed  Director  of  the  Census, 
with  office  in  Washington.  It  is  made  his  duty  to  superintend  and  direct  the  taking 
of  the  census  and  to  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  required  of  him. 

III.  Mr.  Victor  H.  Olmsted  is  appointed  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  with 
office  in  the  city  of  Santa  Clara,  Cuba,  and  is  charged,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Director  of  the  Census,  with  the  collection  of  the  information  required  by  this  order 
and  such  instructions  as  may  be  issued. 

He  will  fill  all  vacancies  which  may  occur  among  the  supervisors  of  the  census, 
and  will  appoint  all  enumerators  and  such  special  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  report¬ 
ing  his  action  to  the  Director  of  the  Census. 

IV.  The  following-named  citizens  of  Cuba,  nominated  by  the  Military  Governor 
of  Cuba,  are  hereby  appointed  supervisors  of  census: 

1.  Pedro  Pequeno,  province  of  Pinar  del  Rio. 

2.  Manuel  Rasco,  province  of  Habana. 

3.  Prof.  Claudio  Dumas,  province  of  Matanzas. 

4.  Juan  Bautista  Jimenez,  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

5.  Agustfn  H.  Agiiero,  province  of  Puerto  Principe. 

6.  SabJs  Meneses,  province  of  Santiago. 

Each  supervisor  shall  be  duly  commissioned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  shall  be 
sworn  to  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty  by  the  Director  or  the  Assistant  Director 
of  the  Census,  or  by  any  civil  or  military  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in 
the  form  and  manner  prescribed  by. the  Secretary  of  War. 

V.  Each  supervisor  of  census  shall  be  charged  with  the  performance,  within  his  own 
province,  of  the  following  duties:  To  consult  with  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census 
in  regard  to  the  division  of  his  province  into  districts  most  convenient  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  the  enumeration,  which  district  shall  be  declared  and  the  boundaries  thereof 
fixed  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census;  to  nominate  to  him  suitable  persons  as 
enumerators  within  his  province,  one  or  more  for  each  district  and  resident  therein; 
but  in  case  it  shall  occur  in  any  enumeration  district  that  no  person  qualified  to  per¬ 
form  and  willing  to  undertake  the  duties  of  enumerator  resides  in  that  district  the 
supervisor  may  appoint  any  fit  person  to  be  the  enumerator  of  that  district;  to  com¬ 
municate  to  enumerators  the  necessary  instructions  and  directions  relating  to  their 
duties;  to  examine  and  scrutinize  the  returns  of  the  enumerators,  and  in  event  of  dis¬ 
crepancies  or  deficiencies  appearing  in  the  returns  for  his  province,  to  use  all  dili- 

621 


622 


"REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OE  CUBA,  1899. 


gence  in  causing  the  same  to  be  corrected  and  supplied;  to  forward  to  the  Assistant 
Director  of  the  Census  the  complete  returns  for  his  province  in  such  time  and  manner 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  said  officer.  He  will  also  make  up  and  forward  to  the 
disbursing  officer  of  the  Army  designated  to  make  payments  in  his  province,  not 
later  than  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  each  month,  accounts  required  for  ascertaining  the 
amount  of  compensation  due  himself,  each  enumerator  in  his  province,  his  clerk  and 
messenger,  his  office  rent  and  current  expenses,  which  accounts  shall  be  duly  certi¬ 
fied  as  true  and  correct  by  the  supervisor;  and  said  accounts  so  certified  shall  be 
accepted  by  the  disbursing  officer  so  designated,  and  payment  shall  be  made  thereon 
by  draft  in  favor  of  each  person  to  whom  payment  is  due.  The  accounts  of  enumer¬ 
ators  will  be  sworn  to  by  them  and  certified  as  true  and  correct  by  the  supervisors. 
The  duties  imposed  upon  the  supervisors  by  this  order  shall  be  performed,  in  any 
and  all  particulars,  in  accordance  with  the  instructions  and  directions  of  the  Secretary 
of  War;  and  any  supervisor  who  may  abandon,  neglect,  or  improperly  perform  the 
duties  required  of  him  by  this  order,  and  the  instructions  he  may  receive,  may  be 
removed  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  who  will  report  his  action  to  the 
Director  of  the  Census. 

VI.  Each  enumerator  shall  be  duly  commissioned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
shall  be  sworn  to  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty  by  the  supervisors  of  the  cen¬ 
sus,  or  by  any  civil  or  militarv  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths,  and  in  the  form 
and  manner  prescribed. 

VII.  Each  enumerator  shall  be  charged  with  the  collection  in  his  district  of  the 
facts  and  statistics  required  by  the  population  schedule  and  such  other  schedules  as 
the  Secretary  of  War  may  determine  shall  be  used  by  him  in  connection  with  the 
census.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  visit  personally  each  dwelling 
house  in  his  district  and  each  family  therein  and  each  individual  living  out  of  a 
family  in  any  place  of  abode,  and  by  inquiry  made  of  the  head  of  each  family,  or 
of  the  member  thereof  deemed  most  creditable  and  worthy  of  trust,  or  of  such 
individual  living  out  of  a  family,  to  obtain  each  and  every  item  of  information  and 
all  the  particulars  required  by  the  order  prescribed  as  of  the  date  October  16,  1899. 
And  in  case  no  person  shall  be  found  at  the  usual  place  of  abode  of  such  family  or 
individual  living  out  of  a  family  competent  to  answer  the  inquiries  made  in  compli¬ 
ance  with  the  requirements  of  this  order,  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  enumerator 
to  obtain  the  required  information,  as  nearly  as  may  be  practicable,  from  the  family 
or  families  or  person  or  persons  living  nearest  to  such  place  of  abode;  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  forward  the  original  schedules,  duly  certified,  to  the 
supervisor  of  census  of  his  province  as  his  returns  under  the  provisions  of  this  order, 
and  in  the  event  of  discrepancies  or  deficiencies  being  discovered  in  his  said  returns 
he  shall  use  all  diligence  in  correcting  or  supplying  the  same.  In  case  the  district 
assigned  to  any  enumerator  embraces  all  or  any  part  of  any  incorporated  township, 
village,  town,  or  city,  and  also  other  territory  not  included  within  the  limits  of  such 
incorporated  township,  village,  town,  or  city,  of  either,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
enumerator  of  such  district  to  clearly  and  plainly  distinguish  and  separate  upon  the 
population  schedules  the  inhabitants  of  all  or  any  part  of  such  township,  village, 
town,  or  city  as  may  be  embraced  in  the  district  assigned  to  such  enumerator  from 
the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  not  included  therein.  No  enumerator  shall  be 
deemed  qualified  to  enter  upon  his  duties  until  he  has  received  from  the  supervisor 
of  census  of  the  province  to  which  he  belongs  the  commission  authorizing  him  to 
perform  the  duties  of  enumerator. 

VIII.  The  district  assigned  to  any  enumerator  shall  not  exceed  1,500  inhabitants 
for  urban  and  1,000  inhabitants  for  suburban  or  rural  districts,  as  near  as  may  be, 
according  to  estimates  based  on  the  preceding  census  or  other  reliable  information, 
and  the  boundaries  of  all  subdivisions  shall  be  clearly  described  by  civil  divisions, 
rivers,  roads,  public  surveys,  or  other  easily  distinguished  lines:  Provided,  That 


APPENDIX  I. 


623 


enumerators  may  be  assigned  for  the  special  enumeration  of  institutions,  when  desir¬ 
able,  without  reference  to  the  number  of  inmates. 

IX.  Any  supervisor  of  the  census  may,  with  the  approval  of  the  Assistant  Director 
of  the  Census,  remove  any  enumerator  in  his  province  and  fill  the  vacancy  thus 
caused  or  otherwise  occurring.  Whenever  it  shall  appear  that  any  portion  of  the 
enumeration  and  census  provided  for  in  this  order  has  been  negligently  or  improperly 
taken  and  is  by  reason  thereof  incomplete  or  erroneous  the  Assistant  Director  of  the 
Census  may  cause  such  incomplete  and  unsatisfactory  enumeration  and  census  to  be 
amended  or  made  anew  under  such  methods  as  may,  in  his  discretion,  be  practicable. 

X.  The  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census  may  authorize  and  direct  supervisors  of 
the  census  to  employ  interpreters  to  assist  the  enumerators  of  their  respective  dis¬ 
tricts  in  the  enumeration  of  persons  not  speaking  the  language  of  the  country,  the 
compensation  of  such  interpreters  not  to  exceed  $3  per  day  for  each  day  actually 
and  necessarily  employed. 

XI.  No  supervisor’s  clerk,  interpreter,  special  agent,  or  other  official  shall  enter 
upon  his  duties  until  he  has  taken  and  subscribed  to  the  oath  or  affirmation  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  no  supervisor,  supervisor’s  clerk,  enumerator,  or  special 
agent  shall  be  accompanied  or  assisted  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  by  any  person 
not  duly  appointed  as  an  officer  or  employee  of  the  Cuban  Census  and  to  whom  an 
oath  or  affirmation  has  not  been  duly  administered.  All  appointees  and  employees 
provided  for  in  this  order  shall  be  appointed  or  employed  solely  with  reference  to 
their  fitness  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  position  to  which  they  may  be  appointed, 

XII.  The  enumeration  of  the  population  required  by  this  order  shall  commence 
on  the  16th  day  of  October,  1899,  and  be  taken  as  of  that  date.  And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  each  enumerator  to  complete  the  enumeration  of  his  district  and  to  prepare 
the  returns  hereinbefore  required  to  be  made  and  to  forward  the  same  to  the  super¬ 
visor  of  census  of  his  province  on  or  before  the  30th  day  of  November,  1899. 

XIII.  If  any  person  shall  receive  or  secure  to  himself  any  fee,  reward,  or  compen¬ 
sation  as  a  consideration  for  the  appointment  or  employment  of  any  person  as  enu¬ 
merator  or  clerk  or  other  employee,  or  shall  in  any  way  receive  or  secure  to  himself 
any  part  of  the  compensation  to  be  paid  for  the  service  of  any  enumerator  or  clerk 
or  other  employee,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  $1,000  or  be  imprisoned  not  more  than  one  year, 
or  both. 

XI A".  If  any  supervisor,  supervisor’s  clerk,  enumerator,  interpreter,  special  agent, 
or  other  employee,  who,  having  taken  and  subscribed  the  oath  of  office  required  by 
this  order,  shall,  without  justifiable  cause,  neglect  or  refuse  to  perform  the  duties 
enjoined  on  him  by  this  order,  or  shall,  without  the  authority  of  the  Director  of  the 
Census,  communicate  to  any  person  not  authorized  to  receive  the  same  any  informa¬ 
tion  gained  by  him  in  the  performance  of  his  duties,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $500;  or,  if  he  shall 
willfully  and  knowingly  swear  or  affirm  falsely,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  perjury, 
and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  imprisoned  not  exceeding  two  years  and  be 
fined  not  exceeding  $500;  or  if  he  shall  willfully  and  knowingly  make  a  false  certifi¬ 
cate  or  a  fictitious  return,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
of  either  of  the  last-named  offenses  he  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $2,000  and  be 
imprisoned  not  exceeding  two  years. 

XV.  Each  and  every  person  more  than  20  years  of  age  belonging  to  any  family 
residing  in  any  enumeration  district,  and  in  case  of  the  absence  of  the  heads  and 
other  members  of  any  such  family,  then  any  representative  of  such  family,  shall  be, 
and  each  of  them  hereby  is,  required,  if  thereto  requested  by  the  Assistant  Director, 
supervisor,  or  enumerator,  to  render  a  true  account,  to  the  best  of  his  or  her  knowl¬ 
edge,  of  every  person  belonging  to  such  family  in  the  various  particulars  required; 
and  whoever  shall  willfully  fail  or  refuse  to  render  such  true  account  shall  be  guilty 


624 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  in  a  sum  not  exceeding 
$100.  And  every  president,  treasurer,  secretary,  director,  agent,  or  other  officer  of 
every  corporation  and  every  establishment  of  productive  industry,  whether  con¬ 
ducted  as  a  corporate  body,  limited  liability  company,  or  by  private  individuals, 
from  which  answer  to  any  of  the  schedules,  inquiries,  or  statistical  interrogatories 
provided  for  by  this  order  are  herein  required,  who  shall,  if  thereto  requested  by  the 
Assistant  Director,  supervisor,  enumerator,  or  special  agent,  willfully  neglect  or  refuse 
to  give  true  and  complete  answers  to  any  inquiries  authorized  by  this  order,  or  shall 
willfully  give  false  information,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  convic¬ 
tion  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $3,000,  to  which  may  be  added  imprisonment 
for  a  period  not  exceeding  one  year. 

XVI.  All  fines  and  penalties  imposed  in  this  order  shall  be  enforced  by  due  legal 
process  in  courts  of  the  first  instance,  or  in  the  supreme  courts  of  the  provinces, 
according  ^  the  nature  and  degree  of  the  offense;  and  they  are  hereby  granted 
jurisdiction  lor  this  purpose. 

XVII.  The  Director  of  the  Census  may  authorize  the  expenditure  of  necessary 
sums  for  the  traveling  expenses  of  the  officers  and  employees  of  the  census  and  the 
incidental  expenses  essential  to  the  carrying  out  of  this  order  as  herein  provided  for, 
and  not  otherwise,  including  the  rental  of  the  offices  for  the  Assistant  Director  and 
supervisors  of  the  census,  and  the  furnishing  thereof. 

XVIII.  All  mail  matter  of  whatever  class  relative  to  the  Cuban  Census  and 
addressed  to  the  Director,  Assistant  Director,  or  any  supervisor  or  enumerator  of  the 
census,  and  indorsed  “Official  Business,  War  Department,  Cuban  Census,”  shall 
be  transported  free  of  postage;  and  all  telegrams  relative  to  the  Cuban  Census,  sent 
or  received  by  the  officials  aforesaid,  shall  be  free  of  charge;  and  if  any  person  shall 
make  use  of  the  postal  and  telegraph  franking  privileges  herein  granted  to  avoid  the 
payment  of  postage  or  telegraph  charges  on  a  private  message,  letter,  package,  or 
other  matter  sent  by  mail  or  telegraph,  the  person  so  offending  shall  be  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  subject  to  a  fine  of  $300. 

XIX.  The  Director  of  the  Census  is  hereby  authorized  to  print  and  bind  such 
blanks,  circulars,  envelopes,  and  other  items  as  may  be  necessary,  and  to  tabulate, 
print,  publish,  and  distribute  the  results  of  this  census. 

XX.  The  expenses  of  taking  the  Cuban  Census,  including  the  pay  and  allowances 
of  civil  officials  and  employees,  shall  be  paid  from  the  revenues  of  Cuba,  and  the 
Military  Governor  of  Cuba  will  nominate  one  of  the  disbursing  officers  of  the  army 
in  each  province  to  act  as  paymaster,  who  shall  be  provided  with  the  necessary 
funds  and  who  shall  make  disbursements  in  behalf  of  the  Cuban  Census,  according 
to  such  instructions,  and  under  such  regulations,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  War.  The  names,  rank,  and  stations  of  the  officers  so  nominated  will  be 
communicated  to  tho  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  by  the  Military  Governor  of 
Cuba,  and  will  be  announced  in  War  Department  orders. 

XXI.  The  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  the  military  and  civil  governors  of  the 
provinces,  and  all  civil  and  military  officers  and  employees  will  render  such  assistance 
to  the  Director,  Assistant  Director,  supervisors,  and  enumerators  of  the  Cuban  Cen¬ 
sus  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  them  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this 
order. 


Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War. 


APPENDICES  II  AND  III. 


G25 


APPENDIX  II. 

W  ar  Department,  Washington ,  August  24,  1899. 

I.  The  following-named  officers,  nominated  by  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  are 
appointed  disbursing  officers  of  the  Cuban  Census,  and  will  be  respected  accordingly: 

Maj.  William  H.  Miller,  Quartermaster,  U.  S.  A.,  province  of  Matanzas. 

Maj.  James  L.  Wilson,  IT.  S.  V.,  province  of  Habana. 

Capt.  Charles  H.  Grierson,  Tenth  U.  S.  Cavalry,  province  of  Santiago. 

Capt.  Charles  B.  Vogdes,  First  U.  S.  Infantry,  province  of  Dinar  del  Rio. 

Capt.  W.  N.  Blow,  Fifteenth  U.  S.  Infantry,  province  of  Puerto  Principe.  • 

First  Lieut.  P.  D.  Lochridge,  Second  TT.  S.  Cavalry,  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

II.  Disbursing  officers  will  pay  the  compensation  of  the  Assistant  Director,  super¬ 
visors,  enumerators,  interpreters,  clerks,  and  employees  of  the  Census;  the  rent  of 
offices  of  Assistant  Director  and  supervisors;  the  purchase  or  rental  of  office  furniture; 
transportation  and  telegraph  vouchers;  the  expenses  of  travel  of  officers  and  em¬ 
ployees  as  established  by  the  Secretary  of  AVar,  and  such  incidental  expenses  as  may 
be  authorized  by  the  Director  of  the  Census  under  Paragraph  XATI  or  of  Paragraph 
XVII  of  the  orders  of  the  President  for  taking  the  Census  of  Cuba. 

III.  In  making  expenditures  and  keeping  their  accounts  disbursing  officers  will  be 
governed  by  the  rules  and  instructions  applicable  to  the  revenues  of  Cuba  established 
by  the  President  May  8  and  promulgated  by  the  War  Department  May  11,  1899: 
Provided ,  That  the  accounts  of  expenditures  in  behalf  of  the  Cuban  Census  shall  be 
kept  separate  from  all  other  accounts  and  forwarded  in  this  form  to  the  Secretary 
of  AArar. 

IV.  Disbursing  officers  will  be  stationed  in  the  capital  cities  of  their  respective 
provinces,  and  will  communicate  without  delay  with  the  supervisors  of  census  also 
resident  therein,  and  will  give  them  such  information  as  to  preparing  vouchers  of 
expenditures  and  keeping  their  accounts  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  prompt  settle¬ 
ment  of  all  indebtedness. 

Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War. 


APPENDIX  III. 

W  ar  Department,  Census  of  Cuba, 

Washington ,  1).  C. ,  January  23,  1900. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  having  been  appointed  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Cuban  Census  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  AVar  on  August  17,  1899,  I  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  the  position  on  the  date  named  and  superintended  the  purchase, 
packing,  and  shipment  from  Washington,  D.  C.,  to  Cuba  of  necessary  supplies,  con¬ 
sisting  of  furniture,  stationery,  blanks,  etc.,  until  August  27,  1899,  when  I  started 
for  Cuba,  accompanied  by  my  personal  staff,  who  served  with  me  zealously  and 
efficiently  throughout  the  entire  work  of  taking  the  census. 

The  gentlemen  who  accompanied  me  were  A.  (E.  Conover,  principal  clerk;  I.  A. 
Barnes,  Spanish  stenographer;  and  the  following-named  clerks:  J.  B.  Spalding, 
D.  G.  Belt,  W.  L.  Spalding,  and  R.  C.  Lappin. 

Upon  arrival  at  Habana  on  August  30,  1899,  temporary  headquarters  were  imme¬ 
diately  established  in  the  palace  of  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba,  and  the  work  of 
making  a  tentative  subdivision  of  the  island  into  enumeration  districts  was  at  once 
commenced,  the  six  Cuban  census  supervisors  being  present  and  rendering  such 
assistance  as  their  personal  knowledge  of  the  geography  and  population  of  their 
respective  provinces  rendered  possible. 

24662 - 40 


626 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  entire  absence  of  geographical  and  statistical  data,  and  the  impossibility  of 
immediately  securing  the  same,  rendered  the  task  of  subdivision  into  enumeration 
districts  an  extremely  difficult  one;  but  the  work  was  carried  forward,  use  being 
made  of  such  information  as  was  at  the  time  obtainable,  and  on  September  14,  1899, 
the  preliminary  or  tentative  subdivision  was  completed,  the  result  being  the  creation 
of  1,315  enumeration  districts,  divided  among  the  six  provinces  of  Cuba  as  follows: 
Pinar  del  Rio,  143;  Habana,  356;  Matanzas,  201;  Santa  Clara,  295;  Puerto  Principe, 
84;  Santiago  de  Cuba,  236. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  tentative  subdivision  of  each  province,  the  supervisor 
therefor  at  once  repaired  to  the  capital  city  thereof,  where  his  headquarters  were 
established,  and,  acting  under  detailed  and  definite  instructions,  carried  forward  the 
preparatory  work  of  the  census. 

The  temporary  office  at  Habana  was  closed  September  14,  1899,  and  permanent 
headquarters  were  established  on  the  following  day  at  Santa  Clara,  the  capital  city 
of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

From  there,  supplies  for  taking  the  Census  were  sent  to  each  supervisor,  packed, 
wrapped,  and  labeled  in  such  a  way  as  to  enable  him  immediately  to  distribute  them 
to  enumerators.  By  the  16th  of  October  this  work  had  been  completed,  the  enumera¬ 
tors  had  been  appointed  and  qualified,  and  each  one  had  received  the  necessary 
blanks,  materials,  and  instructions,  so  that  on  the  date  mentioned  the  work  of  enu¬ 
meration  was  commenced  throughout  the  entire  island,  except  in  a  very  few  cases  in 
which  short  delays  were  unavoidable. 

In  many  cases  as  the  work  of  the  Census  progressed  it  was  found  necessary  to 
create  new  enumeration  districts  by  subdividing  such  of  those  already  created  as 
were  found  to  contain  so  large  a  population  or  to  cover  so  great  an  extent  of  territory 
as  to  disable  a  single  enumerator  from  completing  his  work  within  the  required 
period,  which  expired  on  November  30,  1899.  In  a  few  instances,  also,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  consolidate  certain  districts  because  of  population  or  geographical  con¬ 
ditions.  From  time  to  time  during  the  progress  of  the  enumeration  these  changes 
were  effected,  with  the  result  that  on  November  30,  1899,  on  which  date  the  field 
work  was  completed,  there  were  1,607  enumeration  districts,  an  increase  of  292  over 
the  number  originally  created  prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  enumeration. 
These  districts  were  divided  among  the  six  provinces  of  Cuba  as  follows:  Pinar  del 
Rio,  160;  Havana,  366;  Matanzas,  239;  Santa  Clara,  374;  Puerto  Principe,  135;  San¬ 
tiago  de  Cuba,  333. 

The  enumeration  of  a  considerable  number  of  these  districts  was  finished  before 
November  1.  Every  day  during  the  month  witnessed  the  conclusion  of  the  labors 
of  many  of  the  enumerators,  and  by  the  close  of  the  month  a  large  majority 
had  finished.  Had  proper  geographical  and  statistical  information  been  obtainable 
prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  field  work,  such  a  subdivision  of  the  island  into 
districts  could  have  been  made  as  would  have  enabled  the  entire  work  of  enumera¬ 
tion  to  be  easily  completed  within  thirty  days  from  its  beginning.  But  within  the 
time  prescribed  by  the  orders  of  the  President  it  was  entirely  completed,  and  so  well 
and  so  thoroughly  as  to  reflect  great  credit  both  upon  the  enumerators  and  upon  the 
supervisors  under  whose  direction  they  were  employed. 

The  returns  of  the  Cuban  Census  are  fully  and  accurately  made  in  a  legible  and 
intelligent  manner,  and  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any  American  Census, 
National  or  State. 

As  rapidly  as  the  enumerators  delivered  their  work  to  their  respective  supervisors, 
it  was  scrutinized  by  the  latter  for  the  purpose  of  correcting  errors  or  supplying  omis¬ 
sions.  The  work  was  then  forwarded  by  the  supervisors  to  me  at  Santa  Clara,  where 
it  was  packed  in  ironbound  cases  for  shipment  to  Washington. 

On  January  7,  1900,  the  complete  returns  of  the  Census,  together  with  myself,  the 
supervisors,  and  the  employees  who  accompanied  me  to  Cuba,  were  taken  on  board 


APPENDIX  IV. 


627 


the  U.  S.  transport  McPherson,  at  Cienfuegos,  Cuba,  en  route  for  Washington,  and  on 
January  15  the  Census  personnel  and  property  reached  their  destination. 

There  were  142  women  employed  as  enumerators  in  the  Cuban  Census,  mostly  in 
the  provinces  of  Habana,  Matanzas,  and  Santa  Clara,  and,  without  exception,  they 
demonstrated  the  fact  that  Cuban  women  are  as  capable  and  reliable  as  the  men. 
They  all  took  great  pride  in  their  employment,  and  displayed  a  degree  of  skill  and 
enthusiasm  that  was  highly  commendable. 

The  success  of  the  census,  while  primarily  due  to  the  industry  and  intelligence  of 
the  persons  employed  in  taking  it,  has  been  largely  promoted  by  the  careful  manner 
in  which  it  was  organized,  the  interest  manifested  in  it  by  the  people  of  Cuba,  and 
their  cordial  cooperation  and  support  from  the  beginning  to  the  end. 

Very  respectfully, 

Victor  H.  Olmsted, 
Assistant  Director  Cuban  Census. 

Lieut.  Col.  J.  P.  Sanger, 

Inspector- General,  Director  of  Cuban  Census,  Washington,  D.  C. 


APPENDIX  IV. 

Census  of  Cuba,  Office  of  the  Supervisor, 

Habana  Province,  December  31,  1899. 

Sir:  Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  labors  of  the  census  of  this  province  intrusted  to 
me  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War  of  the  United  States,  I  take  pleasure  in  com¬ 
plying  with  your  request  for  a  brief  and  concise  report  on  said  work,  as  well  as  a 
statement  of  all  that  I  have  observed  during  the  period  thereof. 

Believing  that  previous  censuses  had  only  served  as  a  basis  for  increased  taxation 
and  new  imposts,  thus  arousing  as  a  natural  consequence  the  passive  resistance  of  the 
people  and  the  consequent  concealment  of  facts,  I  feared  that  I  would  encounter 
insurmountable  difficulties  in  taking  the  census,  but  my  fears  disappeared  in  time, 
and  I  soon  could  see  that  the  work  undertaken  would  be  crowned  with  success,  as 
was  the  case. 

The  prejudices  of  the  people,  from  a  political  standpoint,  with  regard  to  the  census 
were  also  great,  but  in  a  short  time  they  were  convinced  of  their  error  when  the 
supervisor  repeated  to  them  the  statements  made  by  the  Federal  authorities  at 
Washington  and  communicated  to  them  the  impressions  brought  from  there.  As  a 
natural  consequence  there  was  a  reaction,  and  with  it  came  the  unconditional  sup¬ 
port  of  the  entire  press  and  the  decided  cooperation  of  the  people,  who  now  saw  in 
the  census  nothing  but  a  fundamental  basis  for  the  establishment  in  Cuba  of  the 
government  which  President  McKinley  intends  to  establish  for  the  good  of  all. 

Upon  my  arrival  at  Habana,  and  in  order  to  gain  time  and  have  this  work  in  an 
advanced  form  when  called  upon,  I  devoted  myself  to  securing  the  maps  and  data  I 
required  for  the  purpose.  I  was  disappointed  to  find  that  neither  the  military 
authorities  nor  the  civil  authorities  of  Habana  could  give  me  any  maps  or  data  what¬ 
soever,  except  a  map  of  the  department  of  Habana,  which  was  of  no  use  at  all  to  me, 
and  a  memorandum  of  the  judicial  districts  of  the  city  of  Habana,  with  the  respective 
wards  and  inhabitants,  according  to  the  last  Spanish  census  of  1897.  I  was  also  able 
to  secure  from  an  employee  of  the  department  of  state  and  of  the  interior  an  appendix 
to  a  work  which  it  was  publishing  and  which  contained  the  civil  division  of  this 
province;  that  is,  the  judicial  and  municipal  districts,  with  their  respective  wards 
(barrios). 

But  as  the  said  appendix  did  not  give  the  names  and  number  of  the  wards  com¬ 
posing  the  six  judicial  districts  of  the  city  of  Habana,  nor  their  limits,  I  was  obliged 


628 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


to  request  this  information  of  the  audiencia  and  of  the  supreme  court,  but  was  unsuc¬ 
cessful,  as  these  two  bodies  could  only  give  me  the  names  of  the  wards  and  of  por¬ 
tions  of  others  which  composed  each  judicial  district,  without  giving  me  the  bounds 
of  said  portions  of  wards.  This  rendered  the  work  incomplete,  and  I  was  obliged  to 
recommend  to  every  enumerator  that  in  enumerating  his  respective  district  he  should 
ask  the  judge  of  first  instance  to  what  judicial  district  it  belonged,  in  order  thus  to 
enter  it  properly  in  the  schedules. 

As  it  was  not  possible  for  me,  with  the  few  data  at  my  command,  to  do  anything 
practical,  *  *  *  I  wrote  to  all  the  mayors  in  the  province,  requesting  them  to 
send  me  such  maps  of  their  respective  municipal  districts  as  they  might  have, 
informing  me  at  the  same  time  of  the  towns  and  wards  which  composed  them, 
stating  the  number  of  inhabitants,  in  their  opinion,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  work  of 
subdivision.  Said  mayors  gladly  furnished  me  the  data  requested.  The  maps  I 
could  not  make  use  of,  but  I  did  make  use  of  the  other  data,  which  'were  of  service 
for  the  subdivision  of  the  province  into  enumeration  districts. 

With  these  data  in  my  possession,  which  were  all  I  could  obtain,  I  devoted  myself 
to  dividing  the  city  of  Habana  into  enumeration  districts,  the  limits  of  which  were 
fixed  and  marked  on  the  map  I  had  for  the  purpose,  always  considering  so  far  as 
possible  the  instructions  to  the  effect  that  the  city  districts  should  not  exceed  1,500 
inhabitants.  Habana  never  having  been  divided  in  this  manner,  there  was  no  basis 
for  an  exact  subdivision,  and  there  being  a  great  disparity  between  the  number  of 
inhabitants  in  each  block,  there  was  a  difference  between  the  districts,  as  you  may 
have  observed.  For  the  districts  in  the  suburbs,  where  there  are  no  streets  which 
can  serve  as  limits,  the  subdivision  was  made  by  taking  as  a  basis  the  probable  num¬ 
ber  of  inhabitants,  giving  to  each  enumerator  a  small  plan  of  Habana,  on  which  his 
district  was  marked  with  red  ink,  in  order  to  avoid  confusion. 

For  the  subdivision  of  the  municipal  districts  of  the  province  I  took  the  data  given 
me  by  the  respective  mayors  as  a  basis,  making  said  subdivision  in  relation  to  the 
number  of  wards  and  inhabitants,  and  in  the  absence  of  maps  I  took  care  that  the 
enumeration  districts  should  always  embrace  entire  wards,  whose  limits  were  known, 
being  able  in  some  towns  to  do  something  similar  to  what  I  did  in  the  city  of 
Habana.  *  *  * 

In  view  of  the  short  time  remaining  in  which  to  begin  the  census,  and  considering 
what  we  still  had  to  do  and  the  large  number  of  enumerators  to  instruct,  I  requested 
and  obtained  authority  to  appoint  one  instructing  enumerator  for  every  municipal 
district,  who  was  to  be  instructed  by  me,  and  who  in  turn  was  to  instruct  the  other 
enumerators. 

*  *  ***** 

In  order  to  secure  better  results  in  the  enumeration,  I  decided  to  go  over  the 
province  in  order  to  correct  the  division  into  districts  and  to  appoint  enumerators, 
selecting  persons  who  should  be  not  only  intelligent  but  should  also  be  acquainted 
with  their  respective  districts? 

As  the  time  at  my  disposal  was  short  and  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  go  over  the 
entire  ground  in  person,  I  sent  my  secretary  to  visit  a  portion  thereof,  and  do  what 
was  proper. 

The  province,  as  you  will  recollect,  was  divided  into  357  enumeration  districts, 
two  special  districts  having  been  created  in  Habana,  one  for  the  prison  and  peni¬ 
tentiary  and  another  for  the  convents  and  religious  associations,  a  woman  being 
appointed  for  the  latter. 

As  a  consequence  of  our  visit  to  the  province,  9  districts  were  abolished  and  18  new 
ones  were  created,  making  a  total  of  366,  according  to  the  new  corrected  pamphlet  I 
had  t lie  honor  to  send  you. 

In  order  that  the  enumerators  should  not  forget  the  limits  of  their  respective  dis- 
tricts,  nor  the  data  required  by  the  population  schedules,  I  ordered  some  slips  printed 
which  contained  all  this  and  which  were  delivered  to  each  of  them. 


SUPERVISORS  AND  ENUMERATORS,  HABAN A 


APPENDIX  IV. 


6  29 


For  a  better  arrangement  of  the  work  of  the  enumerators,  and  in  order  that  the 
latter  should  not  take  more  time  than  necessary,  I  ordered  daily  reports,  which  were 
to  be  forwarded  to  the  office,  giving  the  work  done  that  day. 

In  explanation  of  instructions  from  Washington  for  the  enumerators  and  to  facili¬ 
tate  their  work  I  ordered  some  additional  instructions  printed,  a  copy  of  which  I 
had  the  pleasure  of  forwarding  to  you. 

In  making  the  appointments  of  the  enumerators  I  acted  in  accordance  with  the 
instructions  I  had  for  the  purpose,  and,  recollecting  what  had  been  said  with  regard 
to  the  work  of  women  in  the  last  census  of  that  country,  I  appointed  19  in  this  prov¬ 
ince,  who  gave  satisfactory  results.  *  *  * 

Fearing  that  some  of  the  enumerators  had  not  thoroughly  understood  the  instruc¬ 
tions  given  them  and  at  the  end  of  their  enumeration  the  work  would  be  deficient, 
and  wishing  to  avoid  this,  I  issued  orders  for  them  to  forward  to  my  office  for  exam¬ 
ination  the  work  of  the  first  two  days,  without  interrupting  the  enumeration,  so  that 
I  might  retain  in  their  positions  those  who  had  done  the  work  well  or  had  committed 
small  errors  only,  easily  corrected,  and  discharge  without  any  remuneration  whatso¬ 
ever  those  who  had  shown  complete  ignorance  of  the  instructions.  Fortunately  only 
a  few  were  discharged  for  this  reason. 

The  enumeration  went  on  without  drawbacks.  The  enumerators,  animated  by 
the  best  wishes  for  good  results,  surmounted  the  small  difficulties  they  encountered 
in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

I  was  informed  that  in  some  islets  south  of  the  province  of  Habana,  inhabited 
before  the  war,  there  were  some  inhabitants.  For  the  enumeration  of  these  individ¬ 
uals  I  appointed  an  enumerator  and  hired  a  schooner.  Making  use  of  the  same 
boat,  the  islands  of  Jardines  and  Jardinillos,  belonging  to  the  province  of  Santa 
Clara,  were  enumerated. 

For  the  enumeration  of  the  foreign  establishments  in  this  province  I  was  obliged 
to  make  use  of  six  interpreters  only  for  twenty-one  days. 

In  the  enumeration  of  the  convents  some  slight  difficulty  was  encountered  by 
reason  of  the  refusal  of  the  superiors  to  permit  the  enumerators  to  enter  and  take  the 
data  from  each  of  the  inmates.  Being  desirous  that  the  census  should  not  leave  any¬ 
thing  but  agreeable  recollections,  I  obtained  from  the  bishop  of  Habana  an  order 
authorizing  my  enumerator,  a  woman,  to  enter  the  convents  and  take  the  civil  names 
of  their  inmates  and  other  necessary  data,  which  was  done. 

All  the  other  elements  of  the  population  gladly  assisted  in  the  enumeration.  Only 
the  Chinese  gave  a  little  trouble  by  reason  of  their  passive  resistance  in  saying  that 
“they  did  not  know,”  but  with  some  difficulty,  there  being  no  Chinese  interpreter, 
all  were  enumerated.  *  *  * 

On  November  27  the  enumeration  of  the  entire  province  was  concluded,  with  the 
exception  of  district  No.  324,  to  the  south  of  the  swamp  of  the  Isle  of  Pines,  which 
was  concluded  on  the  29th. 

In  order  that  no  one  should  remain  in  my  province  without  being  enumerated,  I 
published  in  the  newspapers  of  this  city  a  request  that  all  persons  who  may  not  have 
been  enumerated  on  account  of  absence  or  for  any  other  reason  should  advise  me 
thereof  in  order  that  I  could  send  and  have  them  recorded,  although  I  was  con¬ 
vinced  that  all  the  enumerators  had  done  their  duty.  For  this  purpose  I  created  a 
district  which  I  called  “Additional,”  indicating  in  red  ink  at  the  right  margin  of  the 
schedules  the  district  of  enumeration  to  which  each  entry  referred,  in  order  that  in 
tabulating  in  Washington  they  could  be  placed  with  the  districts  to  which  they 
belonged. 

For  this  additional  district  I  appointed  an  enumerator  who  had  already  served  in 
the  census. 

I  must  here  mention  that  knowing  that  education  would  be  an  important  factor 
for  the  destiny  of  this  country,  in  instructing  the  enumerators  I  informed  them  that 
they  should  submit  to  a  practical  proof  all  persons  who  said  they  knew  how  to  read 


630 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


and  write,  calling  their  attention  to  the  fact  that  if  a  man  knew  how  to  write  his 
name  it  was  not  sufficient  proof  that  he  knew  how  to  write,  because  there  are  many 
persons  who  can  only  write  their  names. 

However,  on  receiving  your  telegram  on  this  subject  I  again  reminded  the  enu¬ 
merators  of  what  I  had  previously  told  them.  *  *  * 

As  the  Director  of  the  Census,  when  in  this  city,  desired  to  verify  some  cases  of 
individuals  who  appeared  in  the  census  as  knowing  how  to  read  and  write,  and  in 
order  to  be  able  to  contradict  any  statement  that  might  be  made  to  the  contrary  on 
this  point,  I  selected  25  or  30  cases  in  the  different  districts  of  this  city  and  intrusted 
the  verification  to  an  enumerator  having  my  confidence,  whom  I  afterwards  employed 
in  the  additional  district.  The  verification  agreed  in  all  points  with  the  enumeration 
previously  effected. 

As  the  work  arrived  in  my  office  it  was  examined,  the  small  errors  being  cor¬ 
rected,  and  then  forwarded  to  the  assistant  director. 

Before  beginning  the  enumeration  in  this  province,  and  taking  into  consideration 
the  number  of  persons  enumerated  daily  in  the  United  States  during  the  last  census, 
I  fixed  for  the  enumerators  of  the  city  of  Habana  as  well  as  of  other  cities  a  task  of 
one  hundred  entries,  more  or  less,  being  required  to  state  the  reason  for  not  making 
more  than  seventy,  in  order  that  they  should  not  use  more  time  than  necessary,  as 
on  the  other  hand  they  would  get  credit  for  three  days  of  enumeration  for  two  of 
work. 

This  measure  was  not  applied  to  the  rural  wTards,  by  reason  of  the  distances  it  is 
necessary  to  cover  between  each  plantation  and  on  account  of  the  condition  of  the 
roads.  But  in  any  case  they  had  to  give  the  cause  when  the  day’s  work  was  less 
than  usual.  *  *  * 

In  compliance  with  your  instructions,  I  kept  sending  to  the  Assistant  Director  at 
Santa  Clara  the  work  of  enumeration  after  it  was  corrected  and  examined,  which  I 
concluded  doing  on  December  23. 

As  I  said  before,  it  would  not  have  been  possible  for  me,  with  only  my  secretary 
and  messenger,  properly  to  attend  to  all  the  work  which  the  labor  required  should 
it  not  have  been,  I  repeat,  for  the  spontaneous  cooperation  of  many  enumerators  who 
worked  in  my  office  without  any  remuneration  whatsoever,  and  to  the  fact  that  my 
secretary  and  myself  dedicated  to  the  census  many  days  taken  from  our  rest. 

I  am  perfectly  satisfied  with  my  enumerators  and  their  work;  all  of  them  worked 
with  real  zeal  and  enthusiasm  to  have  the  work  a  success  and  to  enjoy  the  satisfaction 
of  having  contributed  with  their  grain  of  sand  to  raising  the  monument  which  is  to 
serve  as  a  basis  for  the  future  destiny  of  our  country. 

The  enumerators  in  the  country,  besides  having  to  encounter,  as  all  those  of  the 
towns,  the  small  natural  difficulties  in  this  kind  of  work,  were  inconvenienced  with 
the  scarcity  of  horses  in  the  country,  some  of  them  being  obliged  to  hire  them  at  $2 
to  $2.50  per  day.  Fortunately,  the  rainy  season  this  year  was  not  so  abundant  as  it 
generally  was,  thus  making  the  journeys  of  the  enumerators  less  difficult. 

I  say  the  same  with  regard  to  the  female  enumerators,  who  relatively  did  the  work 
better  than  the  men,  because  it  is  to  be  taken  into  consideration  that  the  Spanish 
Government  never  having  wished  to  give  to  the  Cuban  woman  any  participation  what¬ 
soever  in  public  positions,  although  they  were  sufficiently  intelligent  and  instructed 
therefor,  as  they  have  proven  in  this  case,  they  found  themselves,  as  was  natural, 
in  fear  of  not  being  able  to  perform  their  duty  well,  because  this  work  was  com¬ 
pletely  different  from  the  duties  which  up  to  this  time  they  had  been  engaged  in. 

In  the  census  they  have  proven  that  they  are  capable  of  any  office  proper  for  their 
sex.  I  hope,  as  the  Director  of  the  Census  told  them,  that  this  will  serve  as  an 
encouragement  for  making  use  of  their  services  in  other  offices. 

In  the  formation  of  the  census  of  this  province  I  also  carefully  studied  the  admin¬ 
istrative  part  in  order  to  make  it  as  economical  as  possible.  My  attempts  have  been 


APPENDIX  V. 


631 


crowned  with  success,  because,  according  to  the  information  furnished  by  the  pay¬ 
master  of  this  province,  which  agrees  with  my  accounts,  only  about  $36,000  have 
been  spent  altogether,  which  I  understand  is  one-third  of  what  was  estimated. 

My  relations  with  said  paymaster,  Maj.  James  E.  Wilson,  have  been  very  agree¬ 
able,  as  he  did  all  that  he  could  to  prevent  delay  in  the  payments  and  trouble  for 
the  enumerators  in  the  collection  of  their  accounts. 

Special  mention  must  be  made  of  the  fact  that  the  newspapers  of  this  city,  prin¬ 
cipally  La  Lucha,  La  Discusion,  and  El  Diario  gladly,  without  charge,  published  all 
the  instructions  to  the  enumerators  which  it  was  necessary  to  publish  before  and 
during  the  time  of  the  enumeration,  and  that  they  also  dispelled  any  doubts  that  the 
people  might  have  with  regard  to  the  census,  thus  contributing  to  a  better  success  of 
the  work. 

•  Before  concluding  I  wish  to  state,  although  it  may  injure  the  modesty  of  thfe 
Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  that  the  success  of  taking  the  census  is  due  in  great 
part  to  the  great  knowledge  possessed  by  him,  to  his  activity  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  as  Assistant  Director,  and  to  the  precision  and  clearness  with  which  he  always 
answered  the  doubts  and  consultations  submitted  to  him  during  the  course  of  the 
work. 

Yours,  etc.,  Manuel  Rasco, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census  in  the  Province  of  Habana. 

The  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba, 

Washington ,  T>.  C. 

(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 


APPENDIX  V. 

Census  of  Cuba,  Office  of  the  Supervisor, 

Matanzas,  Cuba ,  December  20,  1899. 

Sir:  It  is  a  difficult  task  for  me  to  comply  with  superior  orders  in  the  midst  of  the 
complicated  and  varied  works  of  the  census  and  faithfully  remember  the  many 
details  of  the  work  which  was  so  kindly  placed  in  my  hands  and  which  I  have  so 
unworthily  concluded;  difficult  also  by  reason  of  the  absence  of  intellectual  gifts, 
which  I  have  always  been  obliged  to  supply  with  the  intention  and  especially  with 
the  activity  and  the  wish  to  succeed. 

From  the  time  we  were  given  our  orders  in  Washington  I  understood  that  I  had 
the  good  fortune  of  receiving  the  easiest  of  the  provinces;  that  having  the  most 
ample  means  of  communication,  the  success  depended  on  the  personnel  that  I  should 
select.  Thus  it  was  that  I  went  over  names  and  names  in  my  mind  for  the  selection 
of  a  secretary  ad  hoc,  who  should  be  diligent,  acquainted  with  office  work,  very 
prudent,  and  who  should,  together  with  a  clear  intelligence,  combine  the  honesty 
and  the  enthusiasm  necessary  properly  to  direct  the  work  of  the  office.  I  analyzed 
and  rejected  man  after  man  until,  upon  the  recommendation  of  an  illustrious  Cuban 
residing  in  Washington,  whose  name  alone  is  a  “gem  of  glory,”  caused  me  to  decide 
in  favor  of  Mr.  Tomas  Cordona,  with  whom  I  was  not  acquainted,  and  whose  merits 
were  so  opportunely  expounded  to  me. 

The  results  obtained,  with  the  cooperation  of  so  methodical,  intelligent,  and  honest 
an  employee,  have  surpassed  all  expectations. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

Later  came  the  study  of  maps  and  plans,  the  calculation  of  the  population,  the 
examination  of  the  last  census,  the  examination  of  the  rural  wealth,  and  finally  the 
election  of  the  personnel  of  the  enumerators  and  the  division  of  the  province  into 
enumeration  districts  upon  the  basis  of  the  last  deficient  census  and  the  few  and 


632 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


very  inexact  plans  of  the  province.  This  delicate  work,  which  required  a  minute 
study  and  an  exact  calculation,  had  to  be  done  in  a  very  short  period  and  therefore 
contained  defects  which  later,  when  put  into  practice,  were  noticeable.  The  distri¬ 
bution  of  enumerators  having  been  made  on  the  basis  of  one  enumerator  for  every 
1,000  inhabitants  in  the  rural  districts  and  1,500  in  the  urban  districts,  as  shown  by 
the  last  census,  was  found  to  be  erroneous,  owing  to  the  mortality  caused  by  the  war 
and  reconcentration.  Districts  which  before  the  war  contained  the  said  number  were 
found  to  contain  not  more  than  400,  and  other  districts  which  were  considered  as 
not  having  many  inhabitants  were  found  to  have  many  more  than  the  number  set. 
But  there  was  another  phenomenon  which  was  not  taken  into  consideration  and 
which  was  the  cause  of  error  in  the  distribution.  In  the  same  locality  there  had 
been  a  transfusion  of  inhabitants,  the  density  of  the  population  passing  from  one 
point  to  another.  Very  densely  populated  wards,  which  were  considered  centers  of 
population,  are  deserted,  and  in  others  the  towns  have  increased  in  population  to 
such  an  extent  that  in  order  to  conclude  their  enumeration  within  the  period  fixed 
it  was  necessary  to  assign  two  assistants  to  them.  The  same  change  has  taken  place 
in  the  rural  districts.  The  enumerators  were  surprised  to  find  many  residents  in 

forests  which  were  previously  unpopulated  or  in  valleys  formerly  uncultivated. 

*  *  * 

Afterwards  came  tiresome  days,  the  recollection  of  which  saddens  the  spirit. 
Lines  of  applicants,  an  endless  string  of  candidates  for  the  positions  of  enumerators, 
of  all  classes,  all  abilities,  with  recommendations  from  prominent  persons  and  close 
friends,  invading  the  residence  of  the  supervisor  without  suspense,  without  letting 
him  rest,  with  endless  supplications;  men  and  women  wishing  to  work,  seeking 
through  honest  work  the  manner  of  supplying  their  necessities.  *  *  *  Only 
those  who  have  been  in  similar  situations  can  judge  of  the  amount  and  character  of 
the  sufferings.  After  the  list  had  been  made  of  those  who  were  to  serve  in  the  city, 
it  was  necessary  to  go  to  other  municipal  districts  in  order  better  to  make  the 
appointment  of  the  enumerators.  I  therefore  determined  to  visit  the  province  and 
to  collect  in  each  municipality  the  plans,  topographical  divisions,  and  the  limits  of 
every  district  and  ward. 

Some  days  before  I  had  forwarded  a  circular  to  the  mayors,  requesting  them  to 
furnish  me  said  information,  which,  however,  was  deficient. 

I  left  this  city  at  6  o’clock  a.  m.  on  the  12th  of  September  for  La  Cidra,  a  town  in 
the  municipality  of  Santa  Ana.  I  was  received  by  the  mayor  and  some  aldermen 
who  had  the  plans  of  the  district  and  of  the  town  with  their  limits  and  the  names  of 
the  persons  who,  in  their  opinion,  should  be  the  enumerators  of  those  districts.  * 
*  *  We  left  Cidra  for  Sabanilla,  which  is  the  seat  of  the  municipality.  I  there 
made  and  modified  the  plan  of  the  district  and  obtained  a  very  good  copy  from  a 
resident,  which  he  presented  to  me. 

The  mayor  and  some  of  the  aldermen  of  the  municipality  indicated  the.  persons 
who  should  make  the  enumeration  of  the  districts.  I  selected  a  young  lady,  Etel- 
vina  Sanchez,  the  daughter  of  a  teacher  and  herself  a  teacher,  to  instruct  the 
other  enumerators,  being  very  intelligent  and  active. 

At  every  station  at  which  I  stopped  I  telegraphed  to  the  mayor  of  the  next  one, 
requesting  him  to  meet  me,  together  with  persons  well  acquainted  with  the  locality. 
This  facilitated  my  work  and  at  the  same  time  gave  me  an  opportunity  to  address 
them  with  a  view  to  exciting  their  favorable  interest  in  the  census,  without  taking 
into  consideration  the  important  data  I  received  from  the  old  residents  of  each 
locality. 

In  the  town  of  Cabezas  1  made  the  plan  of  the  district.  I  divided  it  into  wards, 
calculated  the  population,  and  received  very  valuable  information. 

From  there,  through  tin1  kindness  of  tin*  manager  of  the  railroad,  I  proceeded  to 


SUPERVISORS  AND  ENUMERATORS,  MATANZAS. 


APPENDIX  V. 


633 


Union.  The  mayor,  the  secretary,  the  director  of  the  public  school,  and  others  met 
me.  On  the  13th  I  left  this  town  for  Alacranes. 

The  distance  between  the  two  towns  is  short,  and  my  stay  in  Alacranes  was  pleas¬ 
ant  and  beneficial.  The  limits  of  the  district  and  of  the  wards  I  obtained  with 
sufficient  exactness  and  wealth  of  details.  On  my  return  to  Union  I  stopped  at 
Bolondron.  In  a  short  time,  thanks  to  the  kindness  of  all  the  persons  around  me, 
I  accomplished  my  desires  and  the  end  of  my  visit.  Four  young  ladies  were 
appointed  enumerators.  At  12  o’clock  I  arrived,  at  Macurijes,  and  at  1  I  returned 
to  Navajas,  from  which  town  there  is  a  branch  running  through  a  sugar  region  of 
much  importance,  with  its  terminus  at  Jaguey.  I  passed  the  night  in  the  latter 
town.  The  selection  of  an  enumerator  to  take  charge  of  the  northern  portion  of  the 
Zapata  swamp  was  troubling  me  very  much,  by  reason  of  the  difficulties  and  dangers 
attending  the  undertaking  and  by  the  fear  that  the  enumeration  would  be  unsuccess¬ 
ful,  but  the  kind  mayor  of  that  district,  Mr.  Galvez,  furnished  me  an  athlete,  the 
man  I  required.  Sixto  Agramonte,  well  acquainted  with  those  places,  offered  to 
minutely  register  the  islets  of  solid  land  existing  there  and  to  enumerate  the  persons 
living  in  the  same.  The  rest  of  the  enumerators  were  indicated  to  me,  and  with  a 
memorandum  of  the  same  and  of  the  limits  of  the  wards,  the  plan  of  the  district  and 
that  of  the  city,  I  proceeded  on  the  14th  instant  to  Cuevitas. 

Here,  as  was  the  case  in  Jaguey,  I  found  the  work  prepared,  receiving  a  plan  which 
I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  the  teacher  of  that  town,  Mr.  Gabriel  Faget,  and  a  large 
amount  of  important  data  relating  to  the  district  and  its  limits.  With  this  informa¬ 
tion  and  with  a  memorandum  of  the  enumerators,  I  returned  to  Matanzas,  in  order 
to  continue  my  work  the  next  day  in  another  direction  and  on  a  different  subject. 

The  first  municipality  which  I  visited  was  that  of  Guamacaro,  the  seat  of  which  is 
Limonar.  Mr.  Grave  de  Peralta  is  the  mayor  of  this  town.  I  have  nothing  but 
gratitude  for  his  efforts  to  comply  with  my  wishes.  I  there  appointed  a  young  lady, 
who  applied  to  enumerate  the  rural  ward  of  Coliseo,  and  who,  without  fearing  the 
work  or  difficulties,  promised  to  visit  the  estates  situated  in  said  district.  The  name 
of  this  young  lady  is  Antonia  de  Leon.  She  is  the  teacher  of  that  ward,  and  com¬ 
bines  with  a  clear  intellect  an  agreeable  nature  and  great  firmness.  The  result 
obtained  proves  that  my  hopes  were  not  vain.  Miss  Leon,  going  through  oceans  of 
weeds  which  here  covered  the  roads,  over  ground  covered  with  brambles,  fording 
rivers,  and  during  rain  storms,  has  not  omitted  to  visit  one  single  piece  of  ground 
nor  to  enumerate  one  single  resident. 

On  the  16th  I  visited  the  town  of  Jovellanos.  A  select  body  of  residents  was 
awaiting  me  in  the  town  hall.  I  conversed  several  hours  with  them  on  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  the  census  and  on  its  transcendency.  In  the  morning  of  the  following  day 
the  secretary  of  the  municipal  council,  in  the  name  of  the  municipal  mayor  and 
some  respectable  residents,  made  the  selection  of  the  enumerators,  and  with  few 
agreeable  impressions  I  continued  to  Carlos  Eojas,  formerly  called  Cimarrones.  My 
stay  here  was  short  by  reason  of  the  combination  of  trains,  but  of  advantage  on 
account  of  the  data  I  collected.  On  the  same  day  I  preceded  to  Cardenas.  My  first 
visit  was  to  the  learned  physician  who  fills  the  office  of  mayor.  With  the  kindness 
that  characterizes  him  he  introduced  me  to  practical  persons,  well  acquainted  with 
the  locality,  who  gave  me  the  dividing  lines  of  the  wards  and  of  the  district.  To 
their  good  judgment  do  I  owe  the  brilliant  corps  of  enumerators  who  have  worked 
so  competently  as  well  as  actively.  lie  also  indicated  to  me  the  enumerators  to  visit 
the  islets  near  the  northern  coast  of  the  province  of  Matanzas,  as  well  as  some  situ¬ 
ated  farther  out. 

In  order  to  finish  my  trip  sooner,  I  requested  and  obtained  from  the  manager  of 
the  railroad  of  Cardenas  and  Jucaro  an  express  train  to  take  me  overall  its  lines,  and 
thus  in  a  short  time  visit  the  municipalities  remaining.  In  this  manner  I  visited  the 


634 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


towns  of  Hato  Nuevo,  Recreo,  and  San  Jose,  where  I  passed  the  night,  proceeding 
the  next  day  to  Macagua  and  Colon  for  the  same  purpose;  that  is,  the  correction  of 
plans,  the  making  of  others,  the  bounding  of  the  wards,  and  the  appointment  of 
enumerators. 

Colon  being  a  town  with  quite  a  large  population,  of  some  culture,  required  a  vi~it 
of  greater  length.  The  most  prominent  people  met  me  and  were  my  guides  in  the 
determination  of  the  limits  of  the  wards. 

On  the  following  day,  the  18th,  I  touched  at  Manguito  (the  seat  of  the  municipal¬ 
ity  of  Palmillas),  El  Roque,  and  El  Perico,  where  I  spent  the  night,  returning  to 
Matanzas  on  the  afternoon  of  the  19th.  The  201  enumerators  of  the  province  were 
thus  appointed,  after  being  examined  as  to  their  handwriting  and  references  which 
they  submitted  as  to  their  fitness.  The  Cuban  woman  occupied  an  honorable  place 
among  them.  Fifty-four  were  selected,  distributed  in  the  following  manner:  Two  in 
Guamaxaro,  17  in  Matanzas,  8  in  Cardenas,  2  in  Carlos  Rojas,  1  in  Guamitas,  2  in 
Jovellanos,  2  in  Alacranes,  4  in  Bolondron,  1  in  Cabezas,  2  in  Union,  1  in  Sabanilla, 
2  in  Colon,  1  in  Cuevitas,  2  in  Macuriges,  2  in  Palmillas,  1  in  Perico,  1  in  El  Roque, 
and  3  in  San  Jose  de  los  Ramos.  The  Cuban  woman,  a  model  in  her  home,  who,  as 
a  wife,  daughter,  and  mother,  exceeds  all  women  in  virtue,  is  not  accustomed  to 
public  offices  and  had  never  been  obliged  to  battle  for  existence,  excepting  in  hand 
work,  sewing,  and  in  work  which  was  connected  with  her  family.  But  she  has 
shown  herself  in  this  province  as  pure,  industrious,  and  intelligent,  incapable  of  any 
falsehood,  or  of  any  ignoble  action,  and  has  fulfilled  her  duty  and  followed  the 
instructions  exactly  and  with  greater  faithfulness  than  the  men.  Lacking  confi¬ 
dence  in  her  qualifications,  she  exceeded  the  work  and  study  required,  preferring  to 
sacrifice  herself  to  truth,  honor,  and  justice.  I  have  seen  her  after  a  rainy  day,  after 
having  worked  eight  or  ten  hours,  come  to  this  office  and  apologize  for  not  having  enu¬ 
merated  more  than  80  persons,  fearing  a  reprimand  or  punishment.  At  other  times 
she  has  come  trembling  to  request  an  opinion  on  a  matter  of  conscience  which 
troubled  her.  One  active,  intelligent,  and  industrious  little  girl  was  very  disconso¬ 
late  because  she  had  not  enumerated  a  small  colored  child  she  had  not  seen  in  her 
visit  to  a  residence  and  which  had  been  involuntarily  omitted  in  the  statement  of  a 
family,  and  of  whom  she  had  been  informed  in  another  house.  On  the  other  hand, 
what  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the  chief  who  is  exacting  in  his  demands,  how  minute 
in  the  details,  and  how  attentive  and  discreet!  If  one  became  discouraged,  a  word 
of  praise  was  sufficient  for  her  to  return,  faithfully  to  collect  the  data.  With  what 
goodness  and  sweetness  they  bore  harsh  answers,  or  unpleasant  words,  without  mak¬ 
ing  use  of  violent  means. 

While  the  census  was  being  taken,  the  military  authorities  ordered  the  destruction 
of  the  Indian  huts  around  the  town  as  a  hygienic  measure.  I  feared  that  the  families 
who  were  living  in  them  would  distribute  themselves  around  the  town  and  that  many 
would  not  be  enumerated.  I  immediately  applied  to  Captain  (Major)  Cartwright 
and  was  fortunate  in  obtaining  an  extension  of  two  days  in  which  to  conclude  the 
enumeration.  I  ordered  the  female  enumerators  to  abandon  work  in  the  center  of 
their  districts  and  devote  themselves  to  recording  all  the  persons  who  were  about  to 
move.  And  although  it  was  blowing  from  the  north,  the  rainstorms  frequent,  and 
the  huts  were  situated  at  a  distance  and  among  the  most  inaccessible  hills  surround¬ 
ing  the’city,  nothing  was  considered  an  obstacle — nothing  detained  them.  The  work 
was  concluded  in  one  day  and  a  half,  and  they  came  to  inform  me  with  a  smile  on 
their  lips,  and  with  the  greatest  satisfaction,  that  they  had  complied  with  my  orders. 
And  what  I  have  said  about  the  young  ladies  of  Matanzas  I  wish  to  say  of  all  the 
female  enumerators  of  the  province,  without  excepting  anyone,  because  all  of  them 
have  fulfilled  my  wishes.  They  devoted  all  their  efforts  and  faculties  to  the  work, 
and  they  have  my  greatest  gratitude. 

I  must  state  to  the  honor  of  all,  that  I  have  received  moral  and  material  support 


APPENDIX  V. 


635 


from  each  and  every  authority,  Cuban  as  well  as  American,  commencing  with  the  cul¬ 
tured  and  talented  General  Wilson,  to  whom  I  owe  so  many  undeserved  attentions  I 
shall  never  be  able  to  thank  him  for,  and  the  intelligent  Gen.  Pedro  E.  Betancourt, 
civil  governor,  down  to  the  mayors  and  the  last  employees  of  the  administration. 
They  have  all  complied  with  my  wishes  and  would  have  satisfied  the  most  exacting 
ones.  All  have  demonstrated  their  wishes  for  the  census  and  all  of  them  have  made 
the  work  intrusted  to  me  easy  and  simple. 

******* 

The  latter  half  of  the  month  of  September  was  devoted  to  the  preparation  of  the 
instructors  or  chiefs  of  the  districts.  There  were  twenty-two  of  them,  to  whom  I 
devoted  three  to  four  hours  of  instruction  daily,  explaining  to  them  not  only  the 
schedules,  but  the  importance  of  their  duties  and  the  manner  of  effecting  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  enumerators  whom  they  were  to  have  under  their  direction  and  instruc¬ 
tion.  I  selected  three  young  ladies  among  them,  of  whom  I  shall  speak  later  on. 
All  of  them  attended  and  demonstrated  the  greatest  desire  to  acquire  the  indispen¬ 
sable  knowledge.  The  method  I  pursued  from  the  beginning  was  to  require  them  to 
fill  schedules  1,  2,  and  3  with  the  most  difficult  cases,  with  institutions,  agricultural 
schedules  in  towns,  in  abandoned  estates,  in  estates  the  ownership  of  which  was 
doubtful,  in  private  and  public  schools,  with  the  most  minute  details,  in  order  that 
the  instruction  they  were  to  give  should  be  as  exact  as  possible.  I  devoted  the  time 
from  the  1st  to  the  15th  of  October  to  the  enumerators.  I  formed  three  groups — 
that  of  the  morning  from  7  to  10  for  the  ladies;  from  2  to  4.30  for  the  older  men,  and 
the  evening  for  the  younger  men.  It  is  a  fact  that  during  this  time  I  did  not  have 
to  reproach  anyone.  The  desire  of  emulation  which  I  awoke  in  all  produced  notable 
results.  For  many  days  it  amused  me  to  hear  the  discussions  they  brought  up 
among  themselves,  submitting  the  most  varied  and  difficult  cases  for  solution.  The 
personnel  selected  was  so  good  that  I  understood  that  to  them  and  to  them  only 
would  the  success  of  the  census  be  due  if  success  were  attained. 

The  short  time  remaining  of  the  day  I  devoted  to  the  transmission  and  preparation 
of  the  plans  and  maps.  I  owe  thanks  to  the  corps  of  American  engineers,  who  gladly 
furnished  me  the  blue  prints  and  copies  within  the  shortest  period  possible  and  with 
the  greatest  correctness.  In  this  manner  within  a  few  days  I  was  able  to  indicate 
the  districts  in  colors  in  the  cities,  divide  the  districts,  indicate  those  of  the  province, 
and  number  them  all.  It  was  my  wish,  which  I  obtained,  that  every  enumerator 
should  have  a  detailed  plan  of  his  district,  with  a  statement  of  the  limits,  and  a  copy, 
which  I  had  already  obtained  of  the  municipalities,  of  the  estates  situated  within 
said  districts.  In  this  manner  the  work  was  facilitated  greatly,  and  with  a  little  good 
will  an  exact  enumeration  could  be  obtained. 

On  the  14th  of  October  I  issued  an  order  that  all  the  enumerators  should  be  at  the 
posts  and  that  the  instructors  should  communicate  their  instructions  to  two  or  more 
substitutes,  providing  for  any  case  of  illness  or  death,  so  that  the  census  should  not 
be  disturbed.  This  measure  was  very  good,  because  in  many  cases  it  was  necessary 
to  apply  to  the  substitutes  by  reason  of  resignations,  illness,  or  other  accidents.  On 
October  16,  the  date  fixed  in  the  promulgation  of  the  President,  the  work  was  begun 
in  the  entire  province,  the  instructors  informing  me  that  night  that  the  enumeration 
had  begun  without  any  occurrence  of  importance.  In  order  to  give  method  and 
order  to  the  enumeration,  I  requested  that  the  instructors  send  me  every  five  days, 
by  telegraph,  a  resume  of  the  work  of  the  enumerators,  in  houses,  inhabitants, 
estates,  and  animals;  the  details  being  forwarded  to  me  by  mail.  This  system 
allowed  me  to  keep  the  Assistant  Director  posted  as  to  the  progress  of  the  census, 
informing  him  every  five  days  of  the  work  done.  It  is  not  strange,  nor  did  it  affect 
the  organization  or  structure  of  the  work,  that  some  districts  arrived  late  and  were 
not  included  in  the  resume,  because  being  at  a  distance  from  the  centers  of  communi¬ 
cation,  the  information  could  not  be  forwarded  on  a  fixed  day  to  the  instructor.  This 


636 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


is  what  happened  with  district  No.  96  of  the  islets,  and  No.  19  of  Palmillas,  and 
others.  It  was  also  the  duty  of  every  enumerator  to  forward  the  schedules  in 
this  period  in  order  to  collect  them  in  this  office  and  avoid  losses,  deteriorations,  or 
accidents.  *  *  * 

The  prevalence  of  a  cyclone  at  that  time  troubled  me,  because  it  interfered  with 
the  enumeration,  preventing  work  in  some  localities  by  reason  of  the  rising  of  rivers, 
and  interrupting  it  in  the  urban  districts  in  such  manner  that  it  was  not  possible  to 
get  more  than  25  to  30  names  per  day.  Fortunately  this  accident  was  of  short 
duration  and  the  census  was  enabled  to  continue  its  normal  progress.  But  the 
necessity  for  the  waterproof  portfolios  became  evident.  They  had  not  arrived  from  the 
United  States  and  the  enumerators  were  clamoring  for  them  incessantly.  These  did 
not  arrive  until  the  26th  of  October,  being  distributed  to  the  enumerators  the  two 
following. 

******* 

I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  all  the  instructors  showed  a  competency  and  fitness 
not  very  common  and  more  than  the  necessary  activity,  fulfilling  the  instructions 
contained  in  the  different  circulars  that  I  sent  them.  The  personnel  also  obeyed 
instructions,  and  without  any  obstacle  whatsover  they  complied  with  all  the  orders 
which  I  or  the  office  of  the  Assistant  Director  issued.  But  special  mention  is 
deserved  by  Miss  Maria  Nunez,  of  Cardenas,  who,  having  20  enumerators  under  her 
orders,  was  a  model  of  zeal,  expertness,  intelligence,  and  activity.  It  affords  me  pride 
to  mention  the  four  Cuban  young  ladies  who  as  instructors  have  given  me  the  high 
opinion  I  have  of  the  value  of  the  Cuban  woman.  The  said  Miss  Nunez,  as  well  as 
Misses  Etelvina  Sanchez,  Rorrario  Rodriguez,  and  Rosa  Ybarra,  never  had  to  be 
reminded  of  their  duties.  I  had  sent  several  circulars  to  the  instructors,  all  of  which 
had  been  zealously  and  discreetly  complied  with. 

The  circular  of  October  9,  1899,  is  as  follows: 

“Matanzas,  October  9,  1899. 

“To  the  Instructor  Enumerator. 

“Dear  Sir:  I  beg  of  you  to  take  the  following  remarks  into  consideration: 

“1.  You  must  every  three  days  give  me  an  account  of  the  enumerators  and  sub¬ 
stitutes  who  are  working  and  those  who  do  not  do  so  on  account  of  negligence. 

“2.  You  must  see  that  the  enumerators  fill  blanks  of  each  class  before  you  and  under 
your  direction,  suspending  one  from  the  census  to  enumerate  an  institution  and 
return  him  to  the  census  with  the  proper  number. 

“3.  Inform  them  that  every  five  days  they  must  give  an  account  of  the  enumera¬ 
tion  of  persons  and  estates,  and  every  eight  to  ten  days  forward  the  schedules. 

“4.  That  in  all  their  acts  they  observe  the  exactness,  politeness,  and  prudence 
which  has  been  recommended. 

“5.  That  each  one  get  information  in  his  district  of  the  mines  existing  in  the  same 
(well  defined),  their  location,  owner,  kind  of  mineral,  and  its  analysis,  if  possible. 

“6.  You  must  prepare  two  substitute  enumerators  for  cases  of  death,  sickness,  or 
resignations,  in  order  that  the  work  be  not  interrupted  in  any  case. 

“  7.  Arrange  two  sessions  per  day,  from  7  to  9  in  the  morning  and  from  7  to  9  in 
the  evening,  for  preparation  and  instruction.” 

The  object  of  the  second  circular  was  to  compare  the  data  of  each  of  the  instructors 
with  the  daily  reports  of  the  enumerators,  in  order  to  make  the  payments  for  October. 
It  was  as  follows: 

“  In  order  to  prepare  the  lists  which  are  to  be  presented  for  the  payment  of  enu¬ 
merators,  you  will  please  keep  an  account  current  with  each  enumerator,  including 
yourself,  in  which  shall  be  stated  the  full  days  of  work,  the  days  lost,  the  reasons 
therefor,  and  also  stating  the  hours  lost  through  negligence  or  similar  reason,  for  the 
purpose  of  deducting  the  time  lost  from  the  salary. .  All  of  the  above  you  will  certify 
to.  You  will  mail  said  data  on  the  31st  instant,  upon  the  conclusion  of  the  work. 


APPENDIX  V. 


637 


“At  the  same  time  I  recommend  to  you  to  forward,  as  ordered,  the  work  done, 
carefully  rolled  in  tubes  or  placed  in  pasteboard  boxes,  in  order  that  they  may  not 
be  damaged.  You  may  make  use  of  the  outside  of  the  official  envelopes  I  sent  you 
for  the  wrapper  of  the  boxes  or  tubes,  duly  registered,  and  taking  a  receipt  for  the 
same.” 

The  paymaster  having  consented  to  a  trip  through  the  province  for  the  payment 
of  the  enumerators,  I  applied  to  the  two  railroad  companies  of  Matanzas  and  Carde¬ 
nas,  requesting  to  be  furnished  with  an  express  train,  permitting  us  to  do  the  work 
in  the  shortest  possible  time.1  But  there  was  another  advantage  in  this  trip;  the 
labor  of  the  enumerators  was  verified  by  the  rolls,  and  the  trip  through  all  the  dis¬ 
tricts  enabled  me  to  collect  the  rolls  in  boxes  prepared  for  the  purpose,  arriving  at 
this  city  without  being  damaged  at  all. 

Fearing  that  some  of  the  large  districts  would  not  be  concluded  at  the  proper  time, 
I  saw  myself  obliged  to  send  the  following  order  to  the  instructors: 

“  November  8,  1899. 

“The  law  issued  for  the  taking  of  the  census  of  Cuba  requiring  that  said  census 
be  concluded  the  30th  of  November,  without  delay  nor  pretext  of  any  kind,  I  espe¬ 
cially  request  you  to  inquire  of  the  enumerators  of  those  districts  whether  they  will 
be  able  to  conclude  the  enumeration  of  the  same  before  the  said  date,  in  order  to 
name  all  the  assistants  necessary  in  a  contrary  case. 

“I  recommend  to  you  also  that  you  request  the  enumerators,  upon  the  conclusion 
of  the  enumeration  of  their  districts,  that  they  go  over  it  lightly  again  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  assuring  themselves  that  no  estate,  house,  or  person  has  escaped  enumeration.” 

The  result  was  the  creation  of  37  new  districts,  which  were  filled  by  enumerators 
who  had  concluded  the  enumeration  of  their  own  districts. 

On  the  28th  I  received  a  telegram  from  the  last  enumerator  of  the  province,  who 
worked  to  that  day,  Aurelio  Andreu,  of  the  ward  of  Calimete  with  3,300  inhabitants 
and  almost  300  estates.  In  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  I  was  able  to  communicate 
to  the  Assistant  Director  that  the  work  of  taking  the  census  in  my  province  had 
concluded. 

During  the  following  days — that  is,  during  the  first  ten  days  of  December — the  time 
was  devoted  to  the  examination,  revision,  and  arrangement  of  the  schedules,  and  to 
the  payment  of  the  salaries  of  the  enumerators,  as  they  were  declared  correct  by  me. 
In  this  labor  I  was  disinterestedly  and  enthusiastically  assisted  by  the  instructor  of 
Cardenas,  Miss  Maria  Nunez,  a  model  of  intelligence  and  activity;  Asuncion  Garcia, 
enumerator  of  Limonar;  Maria  Josefa  Herrera,  of  Matanzas;  Clarissa  Roig,  of  Union; 
the  instructor  of  Colon,  Julian  Romero,  appointed  assistant  with  the  daily  salary  of 
$3;  Eduardo  Garcia,  Jose  Sanchez  Guiros,  and  others.  All  have  sacrificed  themselves 
with  the  greatest  kindness  in  order  to  please  me. 

On  the  15th  I  forwarded  the  first  box  of  schedules  to  Santa  Clara,  and  day  by  day 
I  have  continued  sending  all  the  work,  until  the  conclusion  of  my  mission. 

Before  concluding  I  must  make  mention  of  two  enumerators  who,  on  account  of 
the  daring  work  done  and  the  difficulties  encountered,  are  worthy  of  recollection: 
Francisco  Mari,  the  enumerator  of  the  islets,  and  Sixto  Agramonte,  of  the  swamp. 
The  former,  a  cultured  and  educated  young  man,  has  condensed  the  incidents  of  his 
voyages  in  a  small  report.  I  do  not  wish  to  take  the  merit  of  his  description,  for 
which  reason  I  attach  it  hereto. 

The  diary  of  Sixto  Agramonte  is  so  interesting  that  it  also  forms  part  of  this  report. 
Therein  will  be  seen  the  efforts  made  for  patriotism  only.  And  I  say  for  patriotism, 

JThis  request  was  granted  by  Senor  Manuel  Diaz,  general  manager  of  the  Railroad 
of  Matanzas,  and  by  Senor  Antonio  Yribe,  general  manager  of  the  Cardenas  and 
Jucaro  Railroad, 


638  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

because  the  salary  of  $5  per  day  does  not  cover  the  expenses  he  has  incurred  to  ful¬ 
fill  his  duty. 

It  only  remains  for  me  to  request  every  person  reading  or  hearing  this  report,  that 
what  there  is  or  is  found  to  be  good  in  .the  work  of  taking  the  census  be  credited,  in 
the  first  place,  to  the  excellent  personnel  engaged  thereon,  and  in  the  second  to  the 
splendid  management  of  the  Assistant  Director. 

Fearing  that  many  persons  would  remain  without  being  enumerated,  notwith¬ 
standing  the  additional  schedule  made  by  the  enumerators  after  concluding  their 
districts,  I  had  the  following  notice  published  in  the  newspapers  of  this  city  and  of 
Cardenas: 

‘  ‘  As  the  date  is  approaching  on  which  the  census  of  this  province  must  be  con¬ 
cluded,  and  as  the  case  may  have  occurred  that  some  residents  thereof  have  not  been 
enumerated,  by  reason  of  change  of  domicile  or  other  circumstance  of  a  similar  char¬ 
acter,  within  the  period  fixed  for  the  enumeration,  this  means  is  taken  to  request  all 
those  who  have  not  been  included  in  the  census  to  come  to  this  office,  Jovellanos  22 
altos,  during  office  hours,  where  they  will  be  entered  in  the  special  schedules  which 
have  been  opened  for  this  purpose  in  these  offices.’ ’ 

Sixteen  persons  appeared  to  be  recorded,  and  in  a  portfolio,  with  the  title  “Mis¬ 
cellaneous,”  ordered  by  the  Assistant  Director,  it  has  been  forwarded  to  Santa 
Clara. 

Claudio  Dumas, 
Supervisor  of  the  Census. 

The  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 


APPENDIX  VI. 

Census  of  Cuba,  Office  of  the  Supervisor, 

Pinar  del  Rio  Province,  December  26,  1899. 

Sir:  Having  concluded  my  delicate  mission  of  taking  a  census  of  this  province,  to 
which  work  I  have  devoted  all  my  efforts,  it  is  my  duty  to  give  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  under  whose  direction  the  census  has  been  taken,  an  idea  of  the 
difficulties  which  have  had  to  be  surmounted  by  the  enumerators  in  the  fulfillment 
of  the  duty  intrusted  to  them,  as  well  as  those  encountered  by  me  in  my  work. 

In  order  to  appreciate  the  reality  it  would  be  necessary  to  go  over  the  ground  cov¬ 
ered  by  the  heroic  enumerators  of  this  province.  My  pen  is  not  equal  to  the  task  of 
narrating  in  a  proper  manner  the  thousand  incidents  of  the  work  done  here,  where 
Spanish  domination  gloried  in  its  iniquitous  conduct,  leaving  the  people  in  the  great¬ 
est  ignorance,  and  refusing  to  give  the  suffering  and  honest  inhabitants  of  Vuelta 
Abajo  means  of  communication.  There  are  few  roads  which  can  be  called  such,  nor 
are  there  any  bridges  over  the  innumerable  rivers  and  brooks  which  abound  in  the 
fertile  ground  of  this  rich  portion  of  Cuba. 

I  shall  not  detain  you  with  a  statement  of  the  obstacles  which  I  encountered  in 
the  preliminary  work  of  my  office.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  there  exist  no  post- 
offices  in  some  municipal  districts,  it  being  necessary  in  order  to  communicate  with 
Mantua  to  go  via  Habana  to  Los  Arroyos  in  a  steamer,  and  from  there  by  means 
of  private  carriers;  and  with  San  Diego  de  Nunez  by  sea  in  boats  from  Mariel  to 
Carenero,  with  loss  of  time,  which  was  short  even  for  localities  easily  reached,  by  rea¬ 
son  of  the  order  of  the  government  to  conclude  on  the  30th  of  November  last.  I  will 
confine  myself  to  the  work  of  enumeration. 

It  was  begun  on  the  16th  of  October,  during  a  rain  storm  which  lasted  several  days 


Wh 


SUPERVISORS  AND  ENUMERATORS,  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


APPENDIX  VI. 


639 


in  most  of  the  districts  of  the  province,  the  passes  being  rendered  impassable  on 
account  of  the  rising  of  the  rivers  and  creeks,  and  the  roads  deplorable  to  such  an 
extent  that  some  enumerators  were  thrown  from  their  horses,  some  being  injured 
and  others  rendering  some  of  the  material  useless. 

The  enumerator  of  the  Cape  of  San  Antonio,  Mr.  Buenaventura  Gonzalez,  fell  into 
a  pool  and  sank  up  to  his  chest,  coming  out  without  his  shoes,  and  being  obliged  to 
walk  barefoot  3  leagues  over  very  rough  ground  in  order  to  reach  a  habitation.  The 
enumerator  of  Vinales,  Mr.  Ricardo  Ramat,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  16th  of  October, 
on  going  down  a  hill,  had  the  misfortune  to  break  the  girth  of  the  saddle,  and  the 
mule  on  which  he  was  mounted  shying,  threw  him  on  some  stones,  causing  him 
serious  bruises  which  obliged  him  to  remain  in  bed  for  ten  days;  but  firm  in  his  pur¬ 
pose  of  fulfilling  the  work  intrusted  to  him,  as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  leave  his  bed 
he  continued  his  work,  concluding  it  to  my  satisfaction.  Others  did  the  work  while 
suffering  from  malarial  fevers;  and  Mr.  Antonio  Valdez,  of  Las  Ivas,  had  no  horse, 
but  being  decided  to  fulfill  his  duty  even  though  at  the  cost  of  his  health  and  life,  he 
did  the  work  on  foot  in  a  radius  of  over  8  leagues.  The  sufferings  and  hardships 
borne  by  all  the  enumerators  of  the  rural  portions  of  this  province  would  make  a 
book,  were  it  possible  to  narrate  them.  The  irregularities  of  the  ground,  the  com¬ 
plete  obstruction  of  the  old  country  roads,  the  struggles  with  the  ignorance  of  the 
country  peasants,  victims  of  the  machinations  and  cupidity  of  the  last  administra¬ 
tion,  the  bad  weather  and  the  limited  period  in  which  to  conclude  the  work,  show 
great  bravery  on  the  part  of  the  enumerators,  who  worked  not  so  much  for  the  remu¬ 
neration  (which  was  insufficient  in  the  country  to  cover  expenses),  but  by  reason  of 
personal  friendship  for  the  undersigned,  ambition,  and  patriotism. 

The  following  fact  will  give  an  idea  of  the  correctness  of  the  census  taken  in  this 
province: 

Mr.  Miguel  de  Lazaro,  in  examining  the  corners  of  his  district  as  chief  enumerator 
of  Vinales,  discovered  a  small  tobacco  plantation  in  the  “Sierra  de  los  Organos,” 
which,  belonging  to  the  district  of  Baja  (Mantua),  could  not  be  reached  from  his  side; 
he  informed  me  of  the  circumstances  in  order  that  I  might  decide  what  should  be 
proper.  As  a  person  having  special  qualifications,  I  appointed  Mr.  Enrique  Montoto, 
who  had  been  in  the  Army  of  Liberation,  who,  on  the  conclusion  of  his  work  told 
me:  “During  the  revolution  I  did  not  suffer  any  greater  hardships  than  those  I  have 
borne  in  the  enumeration  of  the  ‘Sierra  Derrumbada’;  it  was  only  to  keep  my  word 
given  to  you  that  I  concluded  this  difficult  work.” 

I  would  never  conclude  were  it  possible  to  narrate  all  the  incidents  which  occurred 
to  these  heroes  of  the  Cuban  census  in  the  fulfillment  of  their  duty;  but  I  must  say 
that  they  have  given  proof  of  the  fact  that  under  an  honest  and  well-understood 
administration  the  Cubans  have  the  capacity  and  conditions  to  carry  out  any  work, 
no  matter  how  difficult  and  dangerous  it  may  be. 

The  noble  words  of  the  honorable  Secretary  of  War,  repeated  by  me  to  each  and 
every  one  of  the  enumerators,  that  “The  census  is  the  basis  of  our  self-government,” 
encouraged  them  to  carry  out  a  work  in  so  short  a  period  of  time  with  laudable 
cleanliness  in  its  form,  and  of  undoubted  truth. 

And  I  can  not  conclude  without  mentioning  my  secretary,  Mr.  Luis  F.  Jomarron, 
and  my  messenger,  my  son,  Jose  Ricardo,  who  in  their  respective  positions  have 
assisted  me  wonderfully  in  all  my  labors,  sharing  with  me  their  excess  by  reason  of 
the  lack  of  sufficient  employees  in  the  office,  which  forced  us  to  sacrifice  to  work  a 
good  many  hours  which  should  have  been  hours  of  rest. 

Let  the  Government  judge  by  the  facts  whether  I  have  complied  with  my  duty 
conscientiously  and  honestly. 

Very  respectfully,  Pedro  N.  Pequeno, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census  of  Cuba. 

The  Director  of  the  Census,  Washington ,  D.  C. 

(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 


640 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


APPENDIX  VII. 

Office  of  the  Supervisor, 
Province  of  Puerto  Principe,  December  25,  1899. 

Sir:  The  arduous,  difficult,  and  most  important  work  of  taking  the  census  in  the 
province  of  Puerto  Principe  having  been  concluded,  I  take  pleasure  in  complying 
with  a  very  natural  duty  and  with  your  order,  forwarded  to  me  by  Mr.  Victor  H. 
Olmsted,  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba,  relating  in  the  best  manner  pos¬ 
sible,  and  making  use  of  all  my  faculties  as  well  as  devoting  all  my  attention 
thereto,  the  important  incidents  and  difficulties  I  have  encountered  in  the  task 
intrusted  to  me;  a  recollection,  furthermore,  which  I  shall  always  preserve  and 
which  all  the  natives  of  this  country  will  be  glad  to  know. 

On  the  22d  of  July  of  this  year  I  was  appointed,  a  high  honor  being  conferred 
upon  me,  supervisor  of  the  census  of  Cuba  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe, 
being  given  at  the  same  time  an  order  to  report  in  Washington  on  the  10th  of  August 
of  the  same  year,  an  order  which  I  complied  with,  and  where  I  joined  my  colleagues, 
the  supervisors  of  the  other  provinces.  I  remained  in  Washington  until  the  night 
of  the  19th  of  August,  when  I  left  for  Habana.  During  my  stay  in  Washington  I 
was  fully  convinced  of  the  importance  of  the  work  which  was  intrusted  to  us,  of  the 
extensive,  minute,  and  serious  study  which  it  was  desired  to  make  of  my  country 
for  future  purposes,  which  proved  in  a  concrete  and  irrevocable  manner  the  good 
intentions  of  the  Government  toward  this  adventurous  country,  on  which  the  great 
North  American  nation  placed  its  foot  from  sentiments  of  humanity  and  from  incom¬ 
parable  and  undoubted  love  of  progress,  civilization,  and  liberty,  which  is  the  reli¬ 
gion  of  all  great  countries.  *  *  * 

I  received  the  instructions  given  us  with  great  eagerness;  I  devoted  all  my  intel¬ 
lectual  powers  of  retention  to  the  study  of  the  work  intrusted  to  me,  to  an  analysis 
of  the  statistics,  searching  for  the  greatest  exactness,  I  would  have  to  submit,  and 
on  the  26th,  in  possession  of  the  true  intentions  of  the  Government,  I  reported  to 
the  assistant  director  at  Habana,  in  order  to  carry  out  the  most  necessary  measure 
for  taking  the  census,  that  is,  the  subdivision  of  my  province  into  districts  of 
enumeration. 

Mr.  Olmsted,  as  well  as  all  the  supervisors,  immediately  encountered  great  dif¬ 
ficulties,  which,  in  order  to  surmount,  required  us  to  devote  ourselves  continuously 
and  carefully  to  the  study  of  the  question,  said  difficulties  consisting  in  the  absence 
of  official  data  for  making  said  subdivision.  The  plans  were  deficient;  we  could  not 
make  use  of  anything  of  the  censuses  taken  years  ago  by  the  Spanish  Government, 
which  were  full  of  deficiencies,  incomplete,  and  irregular,  having  been  taken  under 
entirely  different  methods  than  those  prepared  by  the  Government  of  Washington 
for  this  census,  which  really  is  the  first  census  of  Cuba.  In  this  condition  of  affairs 
I  received  some,  but  very  few,  data  by  telegraph,  and  without  making  a  final  subdi¬ 
vision  84  enumeration  districts  were  established,  with  authority  to  increase  or 
reduce  this  subdivision  according  to  the  requirements  of  my  province  after  the  work 
was  begun. 

This  subdivision,  in  my  opinion,  needed  the  supervision  of  an  expert,  because  the 
enumerators  could  not  enumerate  their  districts  unless  they  were  given  such  natural 
and  exact  limits  as  would  avoid  confusion  and  duplication  in  the  census  and  other 
perturbations  to  the  prejudice  of  the  supervisor  and  in  general  to  the  census. 

In  view  also  of  the  lack  of  means  of  communication  in  my  province,  and  fearing 
that  this  lack  would  redound  to  the  prejudice  of  a  good  supervisorship  in  the  taking 
of  the  census,  1  requested,  together  with  the  other  supervisors  who  were  situated  as 
I  was,  that  authority  be  granted  to  appoint  an  enumerator  in  the  seat  of  the  munici¬ 
pal  districts,  who,  properly  instructed  by  the  supervisors,  should  instruct  the  enu- 


SUPERVISORS  AND  ENUMERATORS,  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


APPENDIX  VII. 


641 


tnerators  of  their  respective  district,  which  enumerators  should  begin  to  draw  their 
salary  of  $5  per  day  from  the  1st  of  October. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  and  making  use  of  the  powers  granted  me  by  the  Secretary 
of  War,  I  appointed  Mr.  Marquez  Sterling  secretary  of  my  office,  having  begun  to 
make  use  of  his  services  from  said  date,  he  having  taken  his  oath  of  office  in  the  presence 
of  Mr.  Olmsted  in  his  provisional  offices. 

After  the  preliminary  work  had  been  done  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  and  being  perfectly 
satisfied  and  pleased  with  the  intelligence  and  attention  shown  by  Mr.  Olmsted  in 
attending  to  all  the  requirements  of  my  district,  I  left  Habana,  together  with  my 
secretary,  on  the  11th  of  September,  opening  my  offices  on  the  15th  of  the  same  month, 
although  encountering  the  difficulty  of  the  lack  of  materials  which  arrived  here  much 
later,  and  beginning  without  delay  the  preparations  for  taking  the  census. 

To  study  the  limits  of  my  province,  tc  telegraph  Mr.  Olmsted  for  authority  to 
employ  an  expert  to  take  charge  of  the  division  of  the  districts,  was  my  first  act, 
and  upon  receiving  authorization,  I  appointed  Mr.  Manuel  P.  Cadenas,  Avho’  made 
the  plans  of  each  municipal  district  divided  into  enumeration  districts,  which  plans 
are  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Olmsted.  But  immediately  thereafter  I  encountered 
the  first  difficulty:  The  division  made  in  Habana  did  not  cover  the  requirements  of 
my  province  for  the  taking  of  the  census,  and  according  to  a  calculation  which  we 
made,  the  enumerators  would  be  obliged  to  go  over  very  large  tracts  of  gromid  every 
day  without  rest  in  the  rural  districts.  I  was  obliged  to  create  132  enumeration  dis¬ 
tricts,  with  which  I  calculated  I  would  be  able  to  conclude  the  taking  of  the  census 
on  November  30,  as  I  had  been  ordered  to  do. 

According  to  paragraph  VIII  of  theorder  of  the  19th  of  August,  the  enumeration 
districts  were  not  to  exceed  1,500  inhabitants  in  the  town  districts  and  1,000  in  the 
rural  districts. 

In  my  province  this  could  not  be  carried  out.  *  *  * 

As  a  legitimate  consequence  of  the  last  revolution,  a  calculation  with  regard  to  the 
number  of  inhabitants  in  enumeration  districts  was  impossible,  because  there  are 
localities  which  before  the  war  were  populated  and  which,  are  at  the  present  time 
completely  abandoned,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  some  localities  are  densely  populated 
which  before  the  war  had  small  settlements. 

These  considerations  forced  me  to  divide  the  province  into  132  districts,  it  being 
readily  observed  that  in  the  town  districts  I  could  reduce  the  number  of  enumerators 
which,  on  the  other  hand,  I  increased  in  greater  proportion  in  the  rural  districts. 

The  previous  census  could  not  be  taken  as  a  basis  for  a  division  into  enumeration 
districts,  nor  to  calculate  the  work  which  was  given  to  each  enumerator.  *  *  * 

Placing  myself  in  telegraphic  communication  with  the  municipal  mayors,  I  obtained 
the  limits  of  the  municipal  districts,  and  the  names  of  the  wards  which  composed 
each  district. 

I  afterwards  noticed  that  in  the  map  given  me  for  the  purpose  the  limits  of  the 
province  were  not  correct,  because  of  the  limits  given  the  province  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba.  *  *  *  ‘This  was  acknowledged  by  the  Assistant  Director  and  by  Mr.  Sabas 
Meneses,  supervisor  of  the  census  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.  This  point  having  been 
cleared  up  at  my  request,  confusion  and  duplications  in  the  census  were  avoided. 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  these  questions,  and  it  being  necessary  for  me  to  devote 
myself  to  the  preparation  of  enumerators  and  to  the  proper  distribution  of 
the  districts  among  them,  *  *  *  I  had  explanatory  charts  of  th*e  districts 
made  for  delivery  to  the  respective  enumerators,  the  work  of  which,  in  its 
mechanical  part,  was  done  by  Messrs.  Jose  Garcini,  Manuel  Breton,  Gonzalo  Agosto, 
Eugenio  Loret  de  Mola,  Emilio  Torres,  Alonso  Martinez,  and  Miguel  Cabrera,  who 
gave  their  services  without  remuneration,  although  later  they  were  allowed  $3  per 
day,  which  I  requested  of  Mr.  Olmsted  in  a  spirit  of  justice,  and  which  was  duly 
authorized  by  you.  Three  copies  were  made  of  these  charts,  a  tedious  and  long 

24662 - 41 


642 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


work;  one,  in  order  to  be  able  to  give  each  enumerator  his  respective  chart;  another 
to  be  kept  in  this  office,  and  the  third  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Assistant  Director, 
with  the  plans  of  each  municipal  district,  made  by  the  expert,  Mr.  Manuel  Cadenas, 
as  I  stated  before,  and  which  plans  show  the  enumeration  districts  at  a  glance.  The 
plans  as  well  as  the  charts  being  incorrect  on  account  of  the  deficiency  in  the 
official  data  furnished,  I  required  the  rural  enumerators  to  make  a  report  of  the 
estates  they  enumerated,  with  their  respective  limits,  which  data  I  have  the  honor 
of  placing  at  your  disposal,  should  you  consider  it  useful  or  necessary,  and  which  I 
do  not  inclose  because  it  has  not  been  requested  of  me. 

I  then  immediately  proceeded  with  the  appointment  of  the  instructors  or  monitor 
enumerators  of  the  municipal  districts,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Puerto  Principe, 
where  none  was  necessary,  by  reason  of  the  supervisor’s  office  being  situated  there 

Municipal  district  of  Nuevitas,  Jose  Garcini. 

Municipal  district  of  Moron,  Jose  Masdival. 

Municipal  district  of  Ciego  de  Avila,  Ulpiano  Rodriguez. 

Municipal  district  of  Santa  Cruz,  J.  Antonio  Miranda. 

Properly  instructed,  they  left  for  the  seats  of  their  districts,  and  then  I  proceeded 
with  the  instruction  of  the  enumerators  of  this  district  and  with  the  selection  of 
those  best  qualified  for  the  discharge  of  the  duties.  In  these  appointments  it  was 
necessary  to  take  into  consideration  that  all  the  residents  of  the  districts  did  not 
possess  the  required  qualifications,  and  those  who  did  possess  them  were  not  always 
disposed  to  abandon  their  positions  or  private  business  to  fill  the  position  of 
enumerator. 

This  difficulty  being  surmounted  in  the  best  manner  possible,  the  task  of  instruc¬ 
tion  was  arduous,  tedious,  and  incessant.  The  office  of  the  supervisor  remained  open 
until  10  or  11  o’clock  at  night.  The  secretary  and  myself  took  the  enumerators  by 
groups  and  gave  practical  instructions,  submitting  to  the  enumerators  the  most  diffi¬ 
cult  cases  and  problems  in  the  three  tables  for  their  practice  and  decision. 

At  the  same  time  the  monitor  enumerators  were  doing  the  same  work  by  my 
orders  in  the  municipal  districts,  and  when  I  was  convinced  of  the  capabilities  of 
the  enumerators  I  appointed  them  and  took  their  oaths  of  office — for  the  city  of 
Puerto  Principe,  22  enumerators  (men,  19;  women,  3);  for  the  rural  portion,  43 
enumerators. 

In  order  to  know,  examine,  and  select  the  enumerators  of  the  other  municipal  dis¬ 
tricts,  I  left  for  Moron  on  the  9th,  continuing  thence  to  Ciego  de  Avila,  Santa  Cruz, 
and  returning  to  this  city  on  the  evening  of  the  16th.  On  said  trip  I  was  obliged  to 
go  on  horseback  for  54  leagues  on  account  of  the  lack  of  other  means  of  communi¬ 
cation.  The  secretary,  Mr.  Marquez  Sterling,  had  remained  in  the  meantime  in 
charge  of  the  office,  and,  according  to  instructions  which  he  received,  he  distributed 
the  equipments  among  the  enumerators  of  the  district  of  Puerto  Principe  and  issued 
the  proper  orders,  so  that  when  I  arrived  there  all  the  enumerators  were  already  in 
their  districts  and  had  commenced  their  enumeration  with  the  greatest  order  possible, 
without  encountering  any  difficulty  of  any  importance. 

In  Moron  I  appointed  and  received  the  oath  of  22  enumerators;  in  Ciego  de 
Avila,  17;  in  Santa  Cruz,  12;  in  Nuevitas,  17;  it  was  not  necessary  for  me  to  go  to 
this  district  to  know  the  enumerators,  the  military  commander  of  the  locality  receiving 
their  oaths. 

On  the  16th,  therefore,  the  secretary  informed  the  Assistant  Director  that  the 
enumeration  of  the  entire  province  had  begun. 

Previously  I  had  given  special  instructions  to  the  enumerators  which  they  were  to 
observe  and  which  consisted  of  the  following: 

“Working  hours  for  the  enumerators  of  the  city,  from  8  to  10  in  the  morning  and 
from  12  to  5  in  the  afternoon;  in  the  rural  districts,  from  6  to  10  in  the  morning  and 
from  2  to  5  in  the  afternoon. 


APPENDIX  VII. 


643 


“When  the  working  hours  should  be  over,  should  some  page  of  Schedule  No.  1 
remain  unfilled,  the  enumerators  shall  draw  a  bracket  in  the  left  margin,  including 
all  the  lines  which  were  filled  on  that  day,  and  in  the  center  of  the  bracket  he  shall 

make  the  following  memorandum:  ‘Enumerated  this  day - (so  many),’  leaving 

the  balance  on  that  day  without  being  filled,  the  blanks  mentioned  in  the  heading 
of  the  schedule  on  the  day  on  which  the  enumeration  was  made,  which  shall  be 
filled  under  the  date  of  the  day  on  which  he  finishes  said  page  of  the  schedule. 

“  The  enumerators  of  rural  districts  shall  keep  a  diary,  for  which  purpose  they 
will  be  given  the  proper  blanks,  in  which  they  shall  enter  the  names  of  the  estates 
visited,  number  of  persons  enumerated,  and  the  distance  covered  during  the  day. 

“An  authenticated  copy  of  this  diary  shall  be  sent  to  the  office  of  the  supervisor 
every  Saturday,  making  use  of  the  rural  guard  for  its  transmission. 

“No  enumerator  of  a  rural  district  may  absent  himself  without  authorization  from 
this  office,  nor  shall  the  town  enumerators  absent  themselves  from  the  city  in  which 
they  render  their  services. 

‘ 1  In  case  an  enumerator  comes  to  a  house  where  none  of  the  inmates  speak  the 
Spanish  language,  he  shall  report  the  facts  to  this  office,  which  will  furnish  an 
interpreter. 

“The  enumerators  in  cities,  in  filling  schedule  3,  shall  write  the  following  note  at 
the  end,  as  prescribed  by  the  assistant  director:  ‘  This  person  is  a  resident  of  this 
city,  does  not  lease  but  owns  the  cattle,  and  has  cultivated  the  crops  specified.’  ” 

All  these  instructions  were  drafted  in  response  to  the  urgent  needs  of  this  office 
and  in  accordance  with  consultations  on  the  subject  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  Assistant 
Director  of  the  Census,  who  attended  to  them  with  the  greatest  efficiency,  and  which 
it  would  be  tedious  to  detail. 

Interpreting  the  instructions  to  the  supervisors,  paragraph  IV,  I  considered  that  the 
supervisor  should  go  over  the  ground,  which  opinion  I  communicated  to  Mr.  Olmsted 
under  date  of  October  2,  and  requested  the  appointment  of  an  agent  to  leave  in  the 
office,  which  was  authorized,  and  I  immediately  appointed  Mr.  Manuel  Breton 
Fajardo.  The  secretary  and  myself  therefore  left  on  October  20  to  visit  all  the  enu¬ 
meration  districts  of  the  municipal  district  of  Puerto  Principe,  in  the  following 
manner: 

The  secretary,  Mr.  Marquez  Sterling,  went  over  the  districts  corresponding  to  the 
wards  of  Caobillas,  Magarabomba,  Quemado  de  Jimiru,  Limones,  and  Guanaja. 

I  visited  the  remaining  wards  of  the  district,  that  is  those  of  Sibanicu,  Cascorro, 
Quaimaro,  Ecuador,  Contramaestre,  Yeguas,  and  San  Geronimo. 

We  left  on  the  20th  and  returned  on  the  28th.  This  inspection  was  careful  and 
exact.  We  corrected  all  the  errors  in  the  schedules  in  what  had  already  been  writ¬ 
ten  by  the  enumerators,  repeating  all  the  explanations  made  in  the  office  of  the 
supervisor. 

This  inspection  presented,  furthermore,  some  difficulties,  because  it  was  necessary 
to  make  the  entire  trip  on  horseback  on  account  of  the  lack  of  means  of  communica¬ 
tion  with  said  wards  of  any  kind. 

Knowing  that  the  Assistant  Director  was  going  to  visit  this  district  on  his  way  from 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  I  went  to  Nuevitas,  where  I  had  a  long  interview  with  Mr.  Olm¬ 
sted  on  October  31,  showing  him  the  work  of  the  enumerators  of  Nuevitas,  which  he 
approved. 

Until  receiving  the  approval  of  Mr.  Olmsted,  my  guide  had  been  the  work  done 
and  the  fidelity  with  which  I  had  interpreted  the  instructions.  I  also  referred  to 
other  matter  with  Mr.  Olmsted,  which  he  very  kindly  explained  to  me,  authorizing 
me  to  subdivide  the  districts  which  I  feared  could  not  be  concluded  on  the  30th  of 
November. 

And  I  was  very  soon  compelled  to  subdivide  district  No.  113  with  the  Nos.  133 
and  134,  and  No.  114  with  No,  135 — positions  which  were  filled  by  enumerators  who 


644 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


had  concluded  other  districts  to  my  satisfaction,  and  believing  that  by  such 
appointments  I  was  doing  an  act  of  justice  within  the  limits  of  the  instructions. 

The  preparation  of  the  accounts  of  the  enumerators,  the  examination,  line  by  line, 
of  all  the  work  submitted  by  the  enumerators,  obliging  them  to  remake  what  was 
deficient,  and  the  correction  and  avoidance,  of  errors  and  duplications  in  taking  the 
census,  was  my  principal  task  from  now  on,  being  assisted  from  the  23d  of  November 
by  an  assistant  granted  me  by  Mr.  Olmsted  to  the  10th  of  December.  It  afforded 
me  great  satisfaction  to  be  able  to  telegraph  to  the  assistant  director  of  the  census 
on  November  30  that  the  taking  of  the  census  in  this  province  was  concluded. 

After  the  30th  of  November  this  office  continued  its  work  of  correcting  the  taking 
of  the  census,  which  I '  can  assure  you  was  done  with  the  greatest  haste  and*  activity 
possible,  and  which  was  concluded  very  rapidly  when  it  is  taken  into  considera¬ 
tion  that  this  office  had  a  very  small  personnel,  only  increased  by  the  assistant  or 
delegate  to  whom  I  have  made  reference.  But  I  must  state  that  even  this  agent,  as 
may  be  seen  from  this  report,  was  at  my  services  for  a  certain  number  of  days  only, 
and  therefore  the  greater  part  of  the  time  this  office  had  only  the  work  of  the 
employees  authorized  by  the  instructions. 

Finally,  upon  being  advised  that  this  office  would  be  honored  with  your  visit,  I 
went  to  Nuevitas,  where  you  arrived  the  8th,  visiting  the  offices  on  the  9th  and  10th. 
This  office  scrupulously  complied  with  all  the  orders  you  gave. 

To  resume  this  report  and  to  fulfill  in  other  respects  the  instructions  contained  in 
the  communication  of  the  assistant  director  of  November  9,  I  shall  briefly  refer  to 
theidifficulties  encountered  by  this  office  relating  to  schedule  No.  3,  because  there 
were  no  difficulties  of  importance  in  schedules  Nos.  1  and  2. 

But  I  find  that  these  difficulties  were  stated  with  sufficient  force  and  clearness  in 
my  communication  of  December  18,  addressed  to  Mr.  Olmsted,  from  which  I  take 
the  following  paragraphs: 

“  With  regard  to  schedule  No.  3,  I  must  inform  you  that  it  is  the  one  which  has 
presented  more  difficulties  for  its  compilation,  due  to  the  fact  that  many  estates  are 
abandoned  and  that  the  country  is  depopulated,  for  which  reason  all  the  data  could 
not  be  procured  from  the  neighbors. 

“Another  difficulty  was  that  of  fixing  the  superficial  area  of  many  estates,  even 
when  their  owners  lived  thereon,  on  account  of  the  1  haciendas  comuneras ;’  and  in 
order  to  show  the  reason  in  such  cases  why  it  is  not  possible  to  give  the  superficial 
area,  I  take  the  liberty  of  informing  you  what  are  understood  in  this  country  by 
‘haciendas  comuneras.’ 

“By  ‘ haciendas  comuneras ’  are  known  the  grants  of  land  which  the  government 
or  state  had  been  making  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  century. 

“Taking  a  certain  place  as  the  center,  the  government  granted  the  ground  contained 
within  a  circle  drawn  around  this  center  with  a  radius  of  1  or  2  leagues,  accord¬ 
ing  as  to  whether  the  grant  was  for  the  raising  of  large  or  small  cattle.  This  circle 
was  not  really  measured,  and  the  owner  was  satisfied  with  knowing  that  the  ground 
for  2  leagues  around  belonged  to  him. 

“More  grants  would  be  made,  and  it  was  so  frequently  the  case  that  it  might  be 
said  it  was  the  rule  that  between  the  two  points  fixed  as  centers  there  was  not  the 
distance  requisite,  and  that  therefore  one  estate  encroached  upon  another,  one  cir¬ 
cumference  crossing  the  other. 

“This  was  ignored  until  an  owner  desired  to  really  measure  his  grant  or  estate,  and 
rules  have  been  issued  in  the  matter  in  order  to  balance  the  rights  of  these  abutting 
owners.  On  the  other  hand,  the  owner  of  an  estate  gave  it  an  arbitrary  value  in 
pesos,  and  he  afterwards  surrendered  a  certain  number  of  pesos,  which  are  called  ‘of 
possession’  and  which  represent  an  aliquot  part  of  the  ground  belonging  to  the 
estate  on  the  day  it  should  be  surveyed,  being  separated  from  the  neighboring  ones. 
The  total  area  could  not  be  known  because  it  was  a  very  rare  exception  that  the  area 
which  had  been  given  it  was  not  reduced  by  other  grants. 


APPENDIX  VII. 


645 


1 1  The  result  is  that  the  owner  of  an  undivided  estate  does  not  know  how  much 
ground  belongs  to  him,  and  it  is  still  less  known  l?y  the  individuals  wTho  bought  ‘pesos 
of  possession’ — that  is,  the  part  which  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  pesos  at  which 
the  estate  had  been  valued  a  century  ago  corresponds  to  the  number  of  ^>esos  bought. 
The  confusion  is  increased  by  the  fact  that  almost  always  it  is  unknown  at  what 
number  of  pesos  the  original  owner  of  the  estate  appraised  it. 

“This  can  not  be  known  until  the  survey  of  the  entire  estate  is  made  judicially, 
fixing  its  bounds  writh  the  adjoining  estates  and  afterwards  subdividing  or  distribut¬ 
ing  it  among  all  those  proving  that  they  possess  ‘pesos  of  possession.’  ” 

In  view  of  the  above  the  supervisor  could  not  demand  the  enumerators  to  answer 
in  an  exact  manner,  in  caballerias  and  cordeles,  the  area  of  the  undivided  estates. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 

In  accordance  with  the  communication  of  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census, 
dated  November  9, 1  here  give  a  brief  description  of  the  territory  of  my  district,  mak¬ 
ing  as  many  observations  as  possible  without  being  considered  an  exact  study,  for 
which  I  would  not  have  time. 

According  to  the  official  data  of  the  last  Government,  the  province  of  Puerto 
Principe  is  situated  between  73°  14/  and  75°  25/  of  longitude  west  of  the  meridian  of 
the  observatory  of  Madrid  and  20°  38/  and  23°  23/  of  latitude  north.  It  has  an  area 
of  24,000  square  kilometers. 

It  is  situated  more  or  less  in  the  center  of  the  island.  During  the  period  of  the 
conquest  the  island  was  divided  into  two  regions,  the  Eastern  and  Western,  with  their 
capitals  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Habana,  respectively;  Puerto  Principe  therefore 
belonged  almost  entirely  to  the  latter  region.  Later  the  island  was  divided  into  three 
departments,  the  Western,  Central,  and  Eastern,  and  their  capitals  were  Habana, 
Puerto  Principe,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba,  and  it  was  not  until  April  10,  1868,  that  the 
island  was  divided  into  six  provinces,  one  of  them  being  Puerto  Principe. 

The  climate  is  temperate,  which  makes  living  more  agreeable  than  other  territories 
of  the  island,  which  are  exceedingly  hot. 

The  province  of  Puerto  Principe  presents  irregularly  the  appearance  of  a  geometrical 
figure,  a  trapezium,  running  from  east  to  west. 

Its  coasts  on  the  north  consist  of  large,  sandy  plains,  with  some  swampy  grounds, 
called  “ siguaneas”  in  this  country. 

On  the  southern  coast  the  ground  is  variable,  and  mostly  covered  with  a  tree  which 
usually  grows  on  the  coasts,  and  which  it  is  said  has  medicinal  virtues,  called  “man¬ 
gle.”  Intricate  marshes  also  abound,  which  are  a  characteristic  of  said  coast  and 
which  appear  in  very  reduced  proportions  on  the  north  coast. 

The  entire  region  is  very  level,  containing  large  plains  or  level  lands,  uncultivated, 
without  trees  and  woods,  and  with  pasture  grounds  for  the  breeding  of  cattle. 

The  rains  are  torrential  during  the  spring,  causing  great  fissures,  which  are  dry  in 
winter,  but  which  acquire  a  fearful  impetuosity  with  their  torrents  in  summer. 

The  rivers  irrigate  all  the  lands  perfectly,  and  although  they  can  not  be  said  to 
carry  much  water,  they  make  the  land  sufficiently  fertile  for  the  requirements  of 
agriculture. 

The  serpentine  rock  predominates  in  its  geological  formation,  and  with  regard  to 
its  hydrological  formation  it  has  a  series  of  rivers  which,  rising  from  the  principal 
divisive,  empty  into  the  seas  on  the  north  and  south. 

With  regard  to  the  agricultural  conditions  of  the  land,  more  than  two-thirds  of  the 
province  of  Puerto  Principe  may  be  advantageously  used  for  all  kinds  of  crops. 

Especially  toward  the  south  the  lands  are  magnificent,  but,  nevertheless,  they  are 
completely  abandoned.  All  the  residents  of  those  regions  await  as  the  supreme 
enterprise  and  the  realization  of  future  wealth  and  comfort  the  immediate  establish¬ 
ment  of  the  railroad  between  Puerto  Principe  and  Santa  Cruz  del  Sur,  which  would 


646 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


in  reality  solve  many  problems  in  agriculture  in  this  province  as  well  as  its  commerce, 
immediately  increasing  the  importance  of  this  capital. 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

/ 

The  people  are  very  energetic,  naturally  intelligent,  decided  lovers  of  their  country 
and  liberty,  and  distinguished  by  their  pacific  customs  and  application  to  order  and 
work.  They  have  faith  in  the  protecting  Government  which  offers  it  its  future  inde¬ 
pendence;  and  with  regard  hereto  I  may  add  that,  influenced  by  that  same  faith,  they 
have  not  opposed  any  obstacles  to  the  prejudice  of  any  action  taken  by  the  Govern¬ 
ment,  having  had  so  much  faith  in  the  taking  of  the  census,  as  a  preliminary  step  to 
a  political  change,  that  there  was  not  one  case  in  any  enumeration  district  in  which 
the  enumerator  was  denied  admittance  or  where  the  inhabitants  refused  to  give  the 
exact  data. 

The  case  occurred  several  times  of  a  person  going  enormous  distances  to  inform  the 
enumerator  of  his  district  that  he  did  not  enumerate  him  for  a  certain  cause. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  people  to  return  to  their  farming,  to  the  reconstruction  of 
their  estates,  to  the  care  and  progress  of  their  cultivation.  And  a  people  always 
ready  to  make  sacrifices  for  their  liberty,  firm  and  brave,  are  always  the  first  to  seek 
happiness  and  comfort  in  peace. 

The  state  of  poverty  of  this  province  is  really  distressing,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  the  people  of  the  country  use  all  their  efforts  to  obtain  resources  to  begin  work; 
and  it  should  be  said,  with  regard  to  the  pacific  and  loyal  character  of  the  people  of 
this  province,  that  Spaniards  live  in  the  rural  districts  who  took  a  cruel  part  in  the 
revolution  against  the  Cubans,  and  that,  nevertheless,  their  lives  and  estates  are  per¬ 
fectly  secure. 

THE  ENUMERATORS. 

The  number  of  enumerators  employed  was  132,  who  worked  in  135  enumeration 
districts.  There  were  three  of  them  women,  as  I  have  already  stated.  Miss  Maria 
Teresa  Guerra  deserves  special  mention,  her  work  having  been  done  with  zeal,  cor¬ 
rectness,  and  care. 

Of  the  other  enumerators  I  may  say,  in  a  general  way,  that  I  am  satisfied  with 
their  work  and  with  their  morality  and  intellectuality,  with  some  rare  exceptions 
when  I  had  to  require  some  enumerator  to  fulfill  his  duty.  But  of  them  I  can  and 
believe  it  my  duty  to  recommend  the  following  as  especially  wrorthy  of  mention  with 
regard  to  their  work:  Jose  Masdival,  Antonio  Vilardell,  Francisco  Sotomayor,  Javier 
Hernandez,  Romualdo  Varona,  Ulpiano  Rodriguez,  Carlos  Baldarrain,  Alvaro  Silva, 
Manuel  Cortes,  Jose  Garcini,  Rafael  Peron,  Norberto  Primelles,  Angel  Diaz  Guzman, 
Ramon  Anglada,  Maria  Teresa  Guerra,  Rolando  Ramos,  Eugenio  L.  de  Mola,  Manuel 
Breton,  Jose  Fernandez,  Rogelio  Z.  Bazan,  Rogelio  Freyre,  Octavio  Oquendo  Lui, 
Luis  M.  Cordoba,  Enrique  L.  de  Mola,  J.  Antonio  Miranda,  Miguel  Perozo,  Mario 
Garcini,  Graeiano  Betancourt,  Ulises  Cosio,  Gabriel  Barreras,  Manuel  Pradas,  Alonso 
Martinez,  Francisco  Pichardo,  Enrique  Boza,  Emilio  Torres,  Filiberto  Pichardo, 
Arturo  Guzman,  Antonio  Naranjo,  Jose  Acosta,  Alberto  Guzman,  Manuel  Alvizuri, 
Natal io  Peron. 

I  conclude  this  report  upon  receiving  the  order  to  leave  for  Washington  after  the 
first  of  January,  from  Habana  or  Cienfuegos. 

Yours,  etc.,  *  Agustin  H.  Aguero, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census  of  Cuba. 

The  Director  ok  the  Census  of  Cuba, 

Washington ,  J).  C. 


(Through  Assistant  Director.) 


APPENDIX  VII I. 


647 


APPENDIX  VIII. 

Census  of  Cuba,  Office  of  the  Supervisor, 

Province  of  Santa  Clara ,  December  31y  1899. 

Sir:  On  the  21st  of  July  last  I  received  a  telegram  from  General  Wilson,  notifying 
me  that  I  had  been  appointed  supervisor  of  the  census  of  the  province,  and  inform¬ 
ing  me  that  I  was  required  to  report  at  Washington  on  the  10th  of  August  to  the 
Director  of  the  Census  for  instructions. 

In  Washington,  where  I  arrived  on  the  10th,  I  received  instructions  from  the 
board  of  the  census  of  the  United  States,  having  had  several  interviews  with  the 
Assistant  Director  and  the  other  members  of  the  board.  Fully  instructed  in  the  prepa¬ 
ration  of  the  schedules  of  population,  schools,  and  agriculture,  which  were  to  be 
filled  in  Cuba,  I  returned  from  Washington  on  the  26th  of  the  same  month. 

In  Habana,  together  with  Mr.  Victor  H.  Olmsted,  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census 
of  Cuba,  we  devoted  ourselves  to  the  division  of  the  province  into  districts  of  enu¬ 
meration,  taking  as  a  basis  for  the  census  the  old  municipal  districts. 

As  there  does  not  exist  in  Cuba  any  register  which  could  give  us  an  exact  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  limits  and  bounds  of  the  different  municipal  districts  and  their  wards,  I 
addressed  the  28  municipal  mayors  of  the  province,  requesting  them  to  send  me  such 
plans  as  they  might  have  of  their  districts  and  wards. 

Unfortunately,  although  some  of  the  mayors  could  send  plans  of  their  districts, 
there  were  very  few  indeed  who  could  send  plans  of  their  wards,  sending  only  a 
short  statement  of  the  limits  of  the  same,  but  without  indicating  directions  or 
distances. 

It  was  indispensable,  therefore,  to  cure  this  deficiency  of  information  with  the 
appointment  of  enumerators  who  should  practically  know  the  limits  of  the  wards  or 
districts  of  enumeration,  the  names  of  the  plantations,  that  of  their  owners,  and 
even  the  superficial  area  of  each  one;  and  this  consideration  governed  me  in  the 

appointment  of  the  enumerators  for  the  rural  districts. 

******* 

The  appointment  of  the  enumerators,  which  at  first  sight  did  not  appear  to  offer 
any  difficulties,  was  difficult  and  even  vexatious  in  practice.  This  was  due  to  the 
large  number  of  applicants,  to  the  imposition  of  certain  elements  which,  supported 
by  a  small  portion  of  the  press,  believed  that  they  only  had  a  right  to  be  appointed, 
and  to  the  state  of  paralysis  of  business  in  which  this  province  is  at  present,  which 
makes  office  seeking  to  a  certain  point  necessary,  because  the  energies  and  activities 
of  a  large  number  of  intelligent  young  men  having  large  families  do  not  find  appli¬ 
cation,  and  they  have,  therefore,  a  hard  fight  for  existence. 

However,  without  taking  these  requirements  into  consideration,  the  undersigned 
supervisor,  closing  his  eyes  to  the  suggestions  of  corporations  or  friends,  devoted 
himself  to  seeking  in  the  enumerators  morality,  qualifications,  and  knowledge  of 
the  locality,  which  was  especially  recommended  by  the  regulations;  and  if  he 
made  a  mistake  sometimes  it  was  because  in  the  rural  districts,  for  the  reasons 
already  stated,  he  preferred  a  full  knowledge  of  the  region  to  great  fitness. 

Desiring  to  insure  success,  he  delivered  to  every  rural  enumerator  a  precise  state¬ 
ment,  which  is  attached  to  this  report,  of  the  names  of  the  estates  located  in  his 
district,  the  names  of  their  owners,  and  the  superficial  area  of  the  same  as  a  guide 
and  for  purposes  of  correction  in  case  the  information  furnished  by  the  individuals 
concerned  should  not  appear  clear  and  conclusive;  and  for  this  reason  there  appeared 
in  the  schedules  of  agriculture  many  estates  which  either  did  not  appear  in  the 
municipal  assessments  or  appeared  as  having  a  smaller  area,  a  fraud  intended  exclu¬ 
sively  during  the  last  regime  to  pay  the  lowest  tax  possible. 


648 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PROVINCE. 

The  province  of  Santa  Clara  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  old  canal  of  Bahama, 
on  the  east  by  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe,  on  the  south  by  the  Sea  of  the 
Antilles,  and  on  the  west  by  the  province  of  Matanzas. 

Its  principal  cities  are  Santa  Clara,  the  capital,  situated  in  the  interior  of  the  prov¬ 
ince,  with  14,683  inhabitants,  and  66,273  in  the  judicial  district;  Cienfuegos,  with 
30,041,  and  108,767  in  the  entire  judicial  district;  Sagua,  with  13,183,  and  58,749  in 
the  entire  judicial  district;  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios,  with  6,634,  and  72,599  in  the 
entire  judicial  district;  Trinidad,  with  11,721,  and  24,342  in  the  entire  judicial  dis¬ 
trict;  and  Sancti  Spiritus,  with  12,666,  and  25,700  in  the  entire  judicial  district,  mak¬ 
ing  a  total  in  the  province  of  356,430  inhabitants. 

The  province  of  Santa  Clara,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  island,  and  the  most  popu¬ 
lated  after  that  of  Habana,  offered  many  difficulties  for  the  enumeration,  as  the 
intricate  hills  of  Trinidad  are  situated  there,  most  noteworthy  being  the  Pico  del 
Potrerillo,  La  Cabeza  del  Muerto,  La  Siguanea,  Pico  Blanco,  and  Cucurucho.  There 
are  also  situated  there  the  sierras  of  Sancti  Spiritus,  from  which  the  sierras  of  La 
Gloria  and  Banao  branch  off;  the  hills  of  Santa  Clara,  where  we  find  the  craggy 
sierras  of  Oscambrav,  containing  rich  mines  of  copper  and  asphalt,  and  the  hill  of 
Manicaragua;  the  hills  of  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios,  from  which  the  sierras  of 
Bumburanao  rise,  containing  rich  deposits  of  kaolin,  etc. ;  and  in  the  judicial  district 
of  Sagua  la  Grande,  the  Sierra  Morena,  which  occupies  almost  the  entire  north  coast 
from  the  Palma  River  to  the  barrio  of  Sitiecito,  belonging  to  the  municipal  district 
of  Sagua. 

On  the  other  hand,  on  the  north  coast  from  the  Palma  River  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Sagua  la  Grande  River,  and  from  this  point  to  very  near  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios, 
there  are  a  large  number  of  caballerias  of  marshy  land  which  are  crossed  with  great 
difficulty  during  the  rainy  season. 

►  O  •/  m 

And  on  the  southern  coast  we  find  the  famous  swamp  of  Zapata,  very  extensive 
and  dangerous,  extending  from  the  Bay  of  La  Broa  to  Caimanera,  about  39  leagues 
long  and  from  4  to  6  leagues  wide,  in  some  points  9  leagues  wide.  Situated  in  this 
swamp  anti  between  it  and  the  southern  coast  there  are  several  large  plantations 
which  it  was  necessary  to  visit. 

It  is  only  possible  to  enter  the  swamp  by  the  southern  coast  by  two  or  three  very 
shallow  ports,  the  principal  one  being  that  of  the  estate  of  Santa  Teresa,  called  to-day 
La  Maquina. 

By  the  northern  coast  it  may  be  said  that  there  exists  only  one  entrance  to  the 
swamp  in  the  province  of  Santa  Clara.  It  is  called  Callejon  de  los  Guiros.  But  in 
order  to  reach  this  pass  there  are  only  four  practicable  roads. 

1.  That  of  San  Pedro,  a  difficult  road  on  account  of  the  flow  from  the  swamp,  the 
bad  stone  bottom,  and  pits,  very  dangerous  both  for  men  and  horses,  some  of  them 
being  from  4  to  6  yards  deep.  The  length  of  this  road  is  5  leagues,  2  J  of  them  water. 

2.  The  entrance  called  De  los  Ratones,  from  the  plantation  Pamplona  to  that  of 
San  Bias,  2  leagues  are  under  water;  but  during  the  month  of  November  it  was  not 
possible  for  any  enumerator  to  cross  it  on  account  of  its  bad  condition,  the  pits  and 
holes  being  filled  with  water. 

3.  The  entrance  of  Buenavista,  from  the  plantation  of  Orbea  to  that  of  San  Bias, 
3}  leagues  are  under  water  and  2  leagues  impassable  on  account  of  the  stones  and 
numerous  pits.  It  is  only  possible  to  go  around  them,  and  that  only  in  time  of  very 
dry  weather. 

4.  The  entrance  through  Cayo  Navarro  to  Cavo  Grande  and  Cocodrilo;  in  a  space 
of  2]  leagues  it  is  only  possible  to  go  through  it  on  foot  or  in  canoes. 

The  pass  of  Los  Guiros  has  1J  leagues  under  water  filled  with  rocks  and  pits,  but 
during  the  month  of  November  last,  by  reason  of  the  abundant  rains  of  October,  this 


SUPERVISORS  AND  ENUMERATORS,  SANTA  CLARA. 


APPENDIX  VIII. 


649 


entrance,  which  is  doubtless  the  best  one,  had  8  leagues  of  water,  from  the  plantation 
of  Nicolas  to  that  of  San  Bias. 

In  order  to  cross  the  swamp  from  the  north  coast  to  the  south  coast  there  is 
another  entrance  called  Nicolas  and  Cocodrilo,  which  is  1  league  under  water  and 
4  leagues  of  stones,  declivities,  and  coral. 

In  order  to  go  through  these  entrances  on  horseback  it  is  necessary  to  wrap  the 
horses  from  their  heads  to  their  knees  with  pieces  of  hard  leather,  in  order  to  pre¬ 
vent  them  injuring  themselves  against  the  points  of  the  coral,  called  ‘‘dog’s  teeth,” 
and  so  that  they  may  endure  the  journey,  which,  by  reason  of  the  nature  of  the 
ground,  is  necessarily  slow  and  arduous,  as  well  as  very  unpleasant  on  account  of  the 
numerous  mosquitoes  in  the  swamp. 

The  distances  to  be  covered  in  order  to  visit  the  swamp  are  from  the  plantation  of 
Nicolas  to  that  of  Maniadero,  30  leagues  from  the  north;  but  from  the  south  coast 
there  are  40  leagues,  the  trip  being  rendered  more  difficult  on  account  of  the  numer¬ 
ous  lakes,  ponds,  and  pits  which  it  is  necessary  to  cross. 

FOOD  FOR  PEOPLE  AND  HORSES. 

For  the  men  it  is  necessary  to  carry  the  provisions  along,  because  the  natives  (who 
are  the  only  ones  who  can  live  there)  live  exclusively  on  crocodile  tails  (?),  mud 
turtles,  agouti  (Indian  rats),  and  honey. 

To  feed  the  horses,  it  is  necessary  to  cut  leaves  from  the  trees  until  the  plantation 
of  Jegui  is  reached,  where  there  is  some  vegetation;  but  from  there  to  the  Maquina, 
near  the  entrance  of  Santa  Teresa,  by  the  plantation  of  Santo  Tomas,  in  a  space  of  7 
leagues  to  San  Lazaro,  nothing  is  found  but  hills  and  seashore,  and  it  is  necessary  to 
cut  leaves  from  the  trees  to  feed  animals. 

The  principal  rivers  which  cross  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  are,  in  the  northern 
portion,  the  Sagua  la  Grande,  navigable  for  a  distance  of  27  kilometers;  the  Sagua  la 
Chica,  and  the  Jatibonico  del  Norte,  and,  in  the  southern  portion,  the  Jatibonico 
del  Sur,  the  Zaza,  Hagabama,  Arimao,  Caunao,  Salado,  and  Damiji,  the  latter  navi¬ 
gable  for  a  distance  of  27  kilometers  (the  last  four  rivers  emptying  into  the  beautiful 
port  of  Cienfuegos),  and  the  Hanabana,  which  rises  in  the  lakes  of  Mordazo  and  emp¬ 
ties  in  the  lake  of  Tesoro,  and,  finally, the  river  Hatiguanico,  which,  rising  in  the  lake 
of  Tesoro,  crosses  the  Zapata  swamp  and  empties  in  the  bay  of  La  Broa. 

The  principal  ports  of  the  province  are,  on  the  north  coast,  Isabela  de  Sagua  and 
Caibarien,  and,  on  the  south  coast,  Tunas  de  Zaza,  Casilda,  and  the  famous  port  of 
Jagua,  or  Cienfuegos,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 

THE  ENUMERATION. 

On  the  16th  of  October,  without  any  portfolios  in  which  to  keep  their  schedules, 
the  enumerators  of  the  town  districts  set  out  upon  their  work. 

The  19th,  20th,  21st,  22d,  23rd,  24th  of  the  same  month,  as  they  received  their  port¬ 
folios,  the  enumerators  of  the  rural  districts  began  their  work. 

DIFFICULTIES  OF  THE  ENUMERATION. 

By  reason  of  the  opposition  of  a  small  portion  of  the  press,  the  enumeration  began 
with  the  suspicion  and  mistrust  of  many  inhabitants,  some  of  whom  saw  in  the  cen¬ 
sus  a  certain  political  end  and  others  a  determined  basis  on  which  to  base  new 
taxation. 

But  we  are  happy  to  say  here  that  this  mistrust  and  passive  resistance  disappeared 
very  soon,  by  virtue  of  the  persuasive  propaganda  of  the  enumerators  themselves, 
who  informed  the  public  of  the  regulations  and  the  penalties  which  would  be 
incurred  by  the  enumerators  who  consented  to  concealments,  and  especially  con- 


650 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


vincing  them  of  the  importance  for  the  future  good  organization  of  the  country  of  a 
correct  census  of  population  and  exact  statistics  as  to  the  state  of  the  public  wealth 
and  public  instruction  of  the  country.  And  the  enthusiasm  or  the  fear  was  so  great 
that  more  than  200  individuals  appeared  to  be  recorded  of  their  own  will  who  had 
been  absent  from  their  homes  for  some  reason  or  other  on  the  day  of  the  enumeration. 

Soon  after  the  beginning  of  the  census  there  occurred  a  rain  and  wind  storm,  which 
lasted  thirteen  days  in  some  localities,  embarrassing  the  journey  of  the  rural  enumer¬ 
ators,  the  rivers  swelling  and  the  ground  being  soaked  to  such  an  extent  that  several 
enumerators,  for  this  reason,  which  they  duly  entered  in  their  daily  reports  of  their 
work,  recorded  a  small  number  of  persons  and  agricultural  schedules;  and  as  a  gen¬ 
eral  rule  it  may  be  said  that  if  the  enumerators  of  the  rural  districts  fulfilled  their 
duty  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  supervisor,  it  is  surely  due  to  the  knowledge  each  one 
had  of  the  ground  to  which  he  was  assigned;  because  the  war  which  depopulated 
the  country  of  men  and  animals,  the  fires  which  ruined  all  crops,  fences,  and  roads, 
and  the  abundant  vegetation  of  the  Torrid  Zone,  obliterated  the  limits  which  sepa¬ 
rated  the  wards  from  each  other;  and,  nevertheless,  there  were  only  two  cases  where 
an  enumerator  of  the  district  of  Quemado  de  Giiines  made  a  mistake  in  the  district, 
having  entered  an  abandoned  estate  as  belonging  to  said  district,  when  the  fact  was 
that  a  part  thereof — 18  caballerias — belongs  to  the  municipal  district  of  Rancho  Veloz. 
The  other  case  was  that  of  an  enumerator  of  Vueltas  who  entered  two  estates  of  the 
municipal  district  of  Remedios. 

THE  ENUMERATOR  OF  THE  EASTERN  PART  OF  THE  ZAPATA  SWAMP.1 

Up  to  the  9th  of  November,  by  reason  of  the  heavy  rains  of  the  latter  part  of 
October,  it  was  impossible  to  find  a  man  who  for  810  per  day  would  enumerate  the 
few  inhabitants  who  live  in  the  swamp  of  Zapata.  Finally  Mr.  Pedro  Nunez  prom¬ 
ised  to  go  over  the  swamp  and  turn  in  his  work  on  the  30th  of  November,  which 
he  religiously  fulfilled. 


WOMEN  EMPLOYED  IN  THE  CENSUS. 

Fifty-eight  women  were  employed  as  enumerators  of  the  census,  and  all  have  ful¬ 
filled  their  duty  very  conscientiously  and  with  great  cleanliness  and  exactness,  the 
following  deserving  special  mention:  Misses  Manuela  Chavez  y  Clotilde  Silva,  of 
Santa  Clara;  Flora  Ramos  v  Juana  Monzon  v  Aguirre,  of  Cienfuegos;  Teresa  Mestre 
and  Elvira  Cabana,  of  Trinidad;  Luisa  Herrada,  of  Remedios;  Maria  Weis  and  Fran- 
cisca  del  Valle  Gonzalez,  of  Sancti  Spiritus. 

We  also  had  Mrs.  Agueda  Valdes  Aday,  widow  of  Leza,  as  an  enumerator  of  the 
second  rural  district  of  San  Juan  de  los  Yeras,  who  presented  14  schedules  of  popu¬ 
lation  and  130  of  agriculture,  rendering  a  perfectly  exact,  minute,  and  clean  work. 
T1  iis  lady  went  out  to  enumerate  her  district  on  horseback,  accompanied  by  her 
10-year-old  son. 

ENUMERATORS  EMPLOYED. 

The  enumerators  employed  in  the  census  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  are  dis¬ 


tributed  by  judicial  districts  in  the  following  manner: 

Judicial  district  of  Santa  Clara .  79 

Judicial  district  of  Cienfuegos . , .  113 

Judicial  district  of  Sagua  la  Grande .  63 

Judicial  district  of  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios .  75 

Judicial  district  of  Trinidad . .  21 

Judicial  district  of  Sancti  Spiritus .  31 


’The  western  part  was  enumerated  by  Sixto  Agramontc. 


APPENDIX  VIII. 


651 


GROUNDS  PREPARED  FOR  RAISING  TOBACCO. 

The  rains  during  the  last  fifteen  days  of  October  unfortunately  destroyed  the  seeds 
of  the  early  tobacco  and  wet  the  grounds  prepared  for  the  sowing  of  tobacco  excess¬ 
ively;  the  sowing  had  not  taken  place  when  the  work  of  the  census  was  begun;  had 
they  been,  the  agriculture  schedules  would  make  a  better  showing  than  they  do,  for 
we  know  that  during  the  last  days  of  November  and  the  first  twenty-five  of  this 
month,  an  enormous  amount  of  settings  of  tobacco  have  been  laid  out  in  this  province, 
the  production  of  which,  if  the  weather  continues  favorable,  will  not  be  less  than 
220,000  quintals. 

And  it  may  be  said  that  one-third  of  the  future  tobacco  crops  will  be  the  result  of 
the  individual  efforts  of  the  Cuban  farmer;  because,  if  the  agriculture  schedules  are 
carefujly  examined,  it  will  be  seen  that  only  a  very  small  number  of  estates  own  a 
yoke  of  oxen  to  prepare  the  ground,  the  farmer  having  been  obliged  to  till  the 
ground  with  his  hands,  a  ground  which  is  hard  and  knotty,  as  is  that  of  Cuba. 

And  it  may  also  be  said  that  it  is  noticed  in  a  majority  of  cases  that  these  animals 
mentioned  in  schedule  No.  3  have  been  furnished  by  capitalists  of  the  cities,  who 
charge  as  hire  for  the  same  one-third  of  the  gross  product  of  tobacco  and  corn  they 
grow. 

Consequently,  if  things  go  on  as  they  are  going,  the  evils  of  the  last  regime  will 
continue  in  Cuba,  when  the  case  was  that  the  owner  was  nothing  but  the  manager, 
without  salary,  of  his  estate.  And  if  it  is  desired  to  permit  agriculture  in  Cuba  to 
enter  upon  an  era  of  reconstruction,  it  will  be  indispensable  to  give  small  landowners 
means  of  securing  the  capital  necessary  to  purchase  oxen  and  implements. 

ASSISTANCE  OF  THE  AUTHORITIES. 

By  "reason  of  the  judicial  districts  of  Sancti  Spiritus  and  Trinidad  being  located 
at  a  great  distance  from  this  city,  the  case  often  occurred  that  certificates  going  and 
coming  from  there  took  seven  days.  It  was  necessary  therefore,  in  order  to  fulfill 
the  demands  which  were  being  made  for  schedule  No.  3,  to  send  men  on  horseback 
who  could  deliver  the  schedules  and  notices  to  the  enumerators  within  twenty-four 
hours.  Three  trips  were  thus  made  to  Sancti  Spiritus,  one  to  Trinidad,  one  to 
Fomento,  and  another  to  Placetas.  I  must  here  state  that  Gen.  Jose  Miguel  Gomez, 
civil  governor  of  the  province,  cheerfully  and  speedily  gave  me  all  the  assistance  1 
requested. 

THE  RURAL  GUARD. 

In  all  the  districts,  I  have  been  told,  the  enumerators  received  from  the  chiefs  of 
the  rural  guard  the  most  spontaneous  and  excellent  assistance. 

In  the  Aguada  de  Pasajeros,  a  ward  of  the  municipal  district  of  Cienfuegos,  the 
captain  of  the  rural  guard,  Mr.  Bernardo  Mirabal,  furnished  the  eight  assistants 
which  it  was  necessary  to  send  there  in  order  to  conclude  the  enumeration  of  that 
ward  as  soon  as  possible  and  the  horses  required  so  that  they  could  fulfill  their  duty. 

THE  NOTICES  AND  SCHEDULE  NO.  3. 

Twice  I  was  out  of  notices  and  schedule  No.  3,  but  I  must  state  that  the  Assistant 
Director  sent  me  from  Habana  or  other  points  those  that  I  required.  I  must  also 
state  here  that  the  undersigned  supervisor  always  found  the  Assistant  Director  well 
disposed  to  explain  doubtful  questions,  and  that  the  advice  given  me  was  always 
useful  for  the  success  of  the  works  of  the  census. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERVISOR. 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  dollars  which  were  invested  during  the  first  days  in 
some  repairs,  this  office  has  not  cost  one  cent  to  the  census  of  Cuba,  because  the 


652 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


undersigned  has  made  use  of  the  office  and  furniture  he  had  in  the  palace  of  the  Civil 
Governor  as  secretary  of  the  provincial  board  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce 
of  Santa  Clara. 

I  am  glad  to  state  that  we  have  worked  in  this  office  from  7  in  the  morning  to  12 
at  night,  the  time  when  the  electric  light  was  put  out,  without  excepting  Sundays 
and  holidays.  Only  thus  could  we  keep  up  a  constant  correspondence  with  382 
enumerators,  distributed  over  a  province  which  has  given  more  than  356,000  inhabit¬ 
ants,  as  well  as  keep  up  the  accounting  to  date,  and  have  paid  all  the  enumerators, 
interpreters,  agents,  etc.,  without  those  delays  which  would  be  inevitable  with  so 
small  a  number  of  employees — a  secretary  and  a  messenger — and  that  office  knows  a 
special  agent  was  added  to  this  office  on  November  2  and  another  on  the  23d  of  the 
same  month. 

.  REPORTS. 

I  attach  to  this  report,  besides  the  statements  of  the  assessments  of  the  rural  estates 
which  compose  the  wards  of  this  province,  of  which  I  have  already  spoken,  a  general 
report  of  the  census  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara,  giving  the  names  of  the  enumer¬ 
ators,  houses,  and  families,  and  two  other  statements  giving  the  cattle  existing  in 
each  municipal  district  of  this  province  during  the  years  1895  and  1899,  in  order  that 
they  may  be  used  for  purposes  of  comparison. 

*  Juan  Bautista  Jimenez, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census. 

The  Director  of  the  Census, 

Washington ,  D.  C. 

(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 


APPENDIX  IX. 

Census  of  Cuba,  Office  of  Supervisor, 

Province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  November  30,  1899. 

Sir:  Complying  with  your  request  of  the  9th  instant,  in  which  you  asked  me  to 
make  a  detailed  report  of  the  work  of  the  census  in  this  province,  I  have  the  pleasure 
to  inform  you  that  on  the  22d  of  July  I  received  the  appointment  of  supervisor  and 
was  directed  to  report  to  the  Director  of  the  Census,  Washington,  D.  C. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

In  view  of  this  appointment  I  had  to  embark  the  26th  of  July  for  Habana, 
where  the  communications  with  the  United  States  are  much  better  than  from  this 
port,  in  order  to  arrive  punctually  at  Washington  by  the  10th  of  August,  as  I  was 
ordered.  On  Monday,  the  31st  of  the  same  month,  I  embarked  from  Habana  for 
New  York  by  the  steamer  Vigilancia,  going  from  that  city  to  Washington  by  rail, 
and  arriving  on  time.  I  remained  fourteen  days  in  that  capital  and  arrived  at 
Habana  on  the  23d  of  August,  via  Tampa.  I  remained  in  Habana  thirteen  days,  help¬ 
ing  to  prepare  the  subdivision  of  my  province  into  enumeration  districts,  at  the  pro¬ 
visional  office  of  the  census  in  Habana,  leaving  that  city  Thursday,  September  7,  for 
Santiago  de  Cuba,  where  I  arrived  on  the  11th,  but  was  unable  to  disembark  until 
the  12th,  owing  to  quarantine  regulations.  The  office  had  been  already  opened  at 
No.  32  San  Basilio  street,  with  the  secretary  and  messenger  in  charge  since  the  1st  of 
September. 

The  undersigned  supervisor  had,  consequently,  scarcely  a  month  in  which  to 
appoint  the  enumerators,  and,  due  to  the  topography  of  this  province  and  the  lack 
of  communications,  he  could  not,  as  the  other  supervisors  probably  have  done,  go  to 


SUPERVISORS  AND  ENUMERATORS,  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 


APPENDIX  IX. 


653 


4 


each  one  of  the  324  enumeration  districts  to  select  as  enumerators  residents  of  those 
places;  it  would  have  required  six  months  to  perform  this  part  of  the  work  alone. 
For  this  reason,  and  having  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  a  great  number  of  capable  persons 
who  were  acquainted  with  the  various  localities  of  this  province  (having  been  engaged 
in  fighting  in  such  localities  during  the  war),  and  seeing  the  l&ck  of  time  and  the 
imperious  necessity  of  beginning  the  enumeration  in  all  parts  of  the  province  on  the 
16th  of  October,  I  decided  to  select  the  entire  personnel  from  among  these  individuals. 
The  satisfactory  results  were  shown  in  the  practical  operation  of  this  plan,  because 
only  men  in  whom  were  combined  these  qualifications  would  have  been  able  to  with¬ 
stand  two  severe  hurricanes  and  the  crossing  of  swollen  rivers  and  terrible  swamps,  as 
they  had  neither  bridges  nor  roads. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  THE  TERRITORY  OF  THE  PROVINCE. 

The  territory  of  this  province,  the  most  extensive  and  the  richest  in  woods  and 
minerals  of  the  island,  at  the  same  time  the  most  fertile  and  virgin,  is  comprised  of  a 
tract  225  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  120  miles  from  north  to  south. 

Topographically  considered,  this  province  is  the  most  mountainous.  Here  we  find 
the  most  elevated  mountains  of  Turquino,  Ojo  del  Toro,  and  Gran  Piedra,  to  whose 
precipitous  heights  the  enumerators  have  ascended,  searching  for  a  hut  which  might 
or  might  not  be  inhabited,  these  peaks  being  situated  in  the  Sierra  Maestra,  which 
extends  majestically  and  imposingly  from  Cabo  Cruz  to  beyond  Santiago  de  Cuba  in 
the  direction  of  east  to  west. 

%As  a  natural  consequence  of  the  great  elevations  of  this  country,  there  flow  through 
the  deep  canyons  beautiful  rivers,  navigable  for  schooners  their  entire  courses,  or  the 
larger  part  thereof,  such  as  the  Cauto,  Contramaestre,  Baconao,  Bayamo,  Toar,  and 
others,  whose  overflows  inundate  and  devastate  the  territory  near  by,  destroying  the 
crops  and  sepulchrating  in  their  tempestuous  currents  each  year,  now  and  then,  some 
imprudent  and  careless  traveler  who  pretends  to  cross  them.  The  rainfall  in  this 
region  is  so  abundant  that  this  year  the  rain  gauge  registered  14^  inches  in  four  days. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  CHARACTERISTICS. 

The  geographical  characteristics  relating  to  the  orography  of  the  province  have 
been  described  in  the  foregoing  paragraph,  so  there  is  only  to  be  added  some  remarks 
relating  to  ports,  towns,  etc. 

There  is  in  this  province  the  bay  of  Nipe,  of  greater  extension  than  all  those  of  the 
island,  where  some  rivers  empty  into  the  sea,  such  as  the  Cajimaya,  the  Mayarf, 
which  is  navigable  as  far  as  the  town  of  the  same  name,  and  the  river  known  as  the 
Nipe;  also  the  creeks  Juan  Vicente,  Seron,  and  Centeno.  This  bay,  properly  dredged, 
can  accommodate  any  squadron  which  exists  to-day. 

The  port  or  bay  of  Guantdnamo.,  which  is  quite  large,  is  considered  the  third  in 
the  island;  the  rivers  of  Guaso  and  Guantanamo,  which  carry  a  large  amount  of 
water,  empty  into  this  bay. 

The  bay  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  entirely  surrounded  and  protected,  and  celebrated 
because  of  the  fact  that  in  the  same  the  Spanish  tyranny  was  destroyed  forever  by 
the  United  States,  receives  the  waters  of  the  following  rivers,  which  are  of  little 
importance:  The  Paradas,  the  Caimanes,  and  the  Caney.  Among  its  creeks,  there  is 
only  one  worthy  of  mention,  being  the  Yarayo.  The  entrance  to  this  port  is  per¬ 
fectly  clean,  and  if  dredged  it  would  be  of  great  utility  and  shelter  for  the  steamers 
which  cross  the  ocean,  and  which  can  not  at  present  enter  the  bay  if  they  are  vessels 
that  draw  a  very  large  amount  of  water,  due  to  the  large  shoal  which  is  found  at  the 
entrance,  leaving  only  a  narrow  canal,  difficult  and  dangerous  to  enter  without  the 
help  of  good  pilots. 

There  is  yet  to  be  mentioned  all  the  bays  and  ports  in  this  province  in  their  suc¬ 
cessive  order.  *  *  * 


654 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  principal  cities  of  this  province,,  in  the  order  of  their  importance,  are  Santiago 
de  Cuba,  which  is  the  capital,  Manzanillo,  Gibara,  Holguin,  Guantanamo,  Baracoa, 
Sagua  de  Tdnamo,  and  Puerto  Padre;  Bayamo  and  Tunas  were  destroyed,  but  are 
being  reconstructed  slowly;  Jiguanf,  Cobre,  Canev,  and  a  multitude  of  small  towns 
like  these  without  special  importance. 

There  exist  only  three  railroads:  That  of  Cuba  to  Enramadas  and  Hal  to  Songo; 
that  of  Gibara  to  Holguin  (narrow  gauge),  and  that  of  Caimanera  to  Guantanamo. 
Of  private  lines  there  is  that  of  the  mines  of  Juragua,  Daiquiri,  and  some  kilometers 
in  sugar  plantations. 

This  province  is  eminently  agricultural  and  not  industrial,  and  its  poverty  and 
retrogression  will  continue  increasing  until  a  perfect  state  of  peace  is  established  which 
will  permit  work  on  farms  without  interruption;  but  as  the  proprietors  have  been 
ruined  and  there  are  no  means  of  communication,  only  the  establishment  of  an  agri¬ 
cultural  bank,  the  construction  of  a  central  railroad  with  its  branches,  and  good  roads 
will  be  the  means  of  saving  the  sad  situation  which  confronts  this  province  and 
which,  with  these,  would  be  converted  into  an  emporium  of  riches  without  equal  in 
the  world. 

I  could  describe  other  geographical  characteristics  if  it  were  not  for  making  the 
article  too  lengthy. 

GENERAL  CHARACTER  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

% 

The  general  character,  or  the  conditions,  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  province  can  be 
considered  under  four  distinct  aspects — civil,  political,  moral,  and  relative  to  the 
census. 

Civilly  considered,  the  cities  and  towns  of  this  province  are  very  backward,  because 
public  instruction  is  limited  and  poor,  due  to  the  absolute  lack  of  the  establishment 
of  first  grade  of  public  schools,  and  also  real  kindergartens — not  from  lack  of  desire 
on  the  part  of  the  inhabitants,  but  due  to  the  Spanish  regime,  who,  not  having  in 
themselves  the  principles  of  education,  consequently  could  not  impart  same  to  their 
colonies.  For  this  reason  the  majority  of  the  Cubans  do  not  understand  nor  know 
what  are  their  rights  and  duties  as  citizens.  Politically,  the  towns  of  the»east  desire 
independence. 

With  regard  to  the  moral  part,  these  towns  have  generally  good  customs,  and  by 
instinct  their  inhabitants  are  good  and  humane,  generous,  and  always  disposed  to 
offer  the  most  open  hospitality.  The  political  tyranny  of  the  last  government  and 
the  no  less  lamentable  tyranny  of  the  Spanish  clergy  may  perhaps  have  contributed 
as  an  efficient  cause  to  certain  antisocial  customs,  such  as  concubinage;  but  notwith¬ 
standing  this  they  are  moral.  With  regard  to  the  census,  the  past  bad  administra¬ 
tion  did  not  know  how  or  did  not  wish  to  give  natural  and  exact  limits  to  the  dif¬ 
ferent  wards,  and  the  people  has  shown  itself  diffident  and  distrustful  in  this  census, 
concealing  persons,  ages,  and  even  domestic  animals,  fearing  that  fiscal  or  municipal 
taxes,  etc.,  would  be  levied.  One  sagacious  enumerator,  in  order  to  make  the  people 
appear  in  a  city,  had  the  happy  thought  to  tell  them,  “Do  not  fear;  what  I  am  doing 
now  is  for  the  distribution  of  rations  to-morrow  by  the  American  Government.”  This 
was  sufficient  for  all  persons  to  present  themselves  and  give  correct  answers. 

The  difficulties  I  have  encountered  in  directing  the  census  are  various  and  of  dif¬ 
ferent  characters.  *  *  * 

The  absence  of  means  of.  communication  in  general,  ordinary,  railway,  and  even 
telegraphic,  with  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible  points  caused  two  or  three  times 
the  time  to  be  employed  in  concluding  the  work  intrusted  to  me,  notwithstanding 
the  employment  of  couriers  and  special  private  means,  the  expenses  for  which  were 
authorized  by  the  assistant  director.  The  absence  of  pecuniary  resources  of  the 
enumerators — all  poor  men,  who  did  not  have  horses  nor  means  of  borrowing  them 
for  so  arduous  trips,  each  one  being  under  the  necessity  of  leaving  some  resources  to 


APPENDIX  IX. 


655 


his  family,  etc. — was  one  of  the  troubles  which  made  me  believe  that  the  realization 
of  the  census  would  be  impossible.  *  *  * 

The  large  number  of  ignorant  and  suspicious  colored  people,  kept  in  this  condition 
by  the  Spanish  Government  as  a  political  measure,  has  been  sufficiently  shown  by 
the  enumeration  of  the  wards  in  which  they  reside.  The  division  of  wards,  the 
absence  of  known  limits  in  all  the  country  districts,  causing  one  enumerator  to  enter 
the  district  of  another,  requiring  the  immediate  correction  of  errors,  going  back, 
remaking  plans,  investigations,  etc.,  in  order  to  avoid  duplications,  has  disturbed 
the  good  order  of  this  most  delicate  service.  The  limited  time  granted  for  the  prep¬ 
aration,  organization,  and  execution  of  the  census  has  rendered  the  work  so  much 
more  difficult  that  the  little  which  has  been  well  done  deserves  to  be  praised,  because 
only  an  iron  will,  together  with  the  good  wishes  and  activity  of  the  enumerators, 
encouraged,  perhaps,  by  the  hope  of  being  placed  in  new  works  of  real  statistics,  have 
contributed  to  the  success  attained.  Six  months  of  organization  and  six  more  of 
execution  was  the  time  which  should  have  been  employed  to  conclude  this  gigantic 
work,  which  has  just  been  executed  for  the  first  time  in  the  island  of  Cuba  in  forty- 
five  days  only.  It  is  the  truth,  and  it  must  be  included  in  this  report,  that  a  good 
management  in  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Sanger  and  Olmsted,  and  an  abundance  of 
money  for  general  expenses,  and  a  most  active  correspondence,  have  assisted  most 
wonderfully,  without  which  help  we  would  still  be  at  the  beginning.  The  two  rain 
and  wind  storms  which  detained  the  enumerators  even  after  thev  were  over,  because 
the  marshes  became  so  dangerous  they  could  not  be  crossed.  *  *  * 

The  difficulty  of  the  division  into  wards  has  been  an  obstacle  which  could  not 
be  passed  over,  and  which  will  cause  a  certain  confusion  in  the  limits  thereof  in 
the  census,  especially  in  the  country,  where  the  mayors  were  not  able  to  decide  the 
limits  of  their  own  jurisdiction,  except  in  a  very  vague  manner.  This  is  the  reason 
some  of  the  enumerators  passed  to  neighboring  wards.  In  order  to  correct  this,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  make  corrections — go  over  some  of  the  work — and  the  period 
fixed  for  the  conclusion  of  the  census  did  not  permit  this.  The  principal  causes  of 
this  chaos  are  the  absence  of  plans  and  topographical  maps,  perfectly  prepared, 
indicating  what  belongs  to  each  jurisdiction,  the  official  arrangement  of  the  limits 
by  natural  fixed  boundaries,  such  as  creeks,  rivers,  mountains,  etc.,  and  most  espe¬ 
cially  that  the  office  of  ward  mayor  be  given  always  to  persons  of  well-known  zeal 
and  education,  with  larger  salaries,  in  order  to  cause  people  of  worth  to  aspire  to 
these  positions. 

The  difficulty  of  the  rains  was  easily  surmounted,  because  it  had  been  foreseen,  and 
competent  men  were  selected  well  acquainted  with  the  fording  of  rivers  and  pools 
which  they  encountered  on  their  road.  Nevertheless,  more  than  twelve  days  were 
lost  in  both  storms.  In  some  places,  such  as  Baracoa,  Mayari,  and  Holguin,  much 
more  time  was  lost,  the  storm  having  lasted  there  twenty-three  days. 

NUMBER  OF  ENUMERATORS  EMPLOYED. 

The  number  of  enumerators  was  at  the  beginning  323-,  distributed  among  19  munic¬ 
ipal  districts  in  the  following  manner: 

Alto  Songo,  10;  Balma,  12;  Oaney,  14;  Cristo,  2;  Cobre,  20;  Guantanamo,  37; 
Sagua  de  Tanamo,  7;  Niquero,  4;  Bayamo,  16;  Jiguani,  9;  Holguin,  33;  Gibara,  23; 
Puerto  Padre,  18;  Mayari,  9,  and  Baracoa,  27.  Afterwards,  when  the  monitors  or 
delegates  informed  me  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  each  ward  had,  it  was  neces¬ 
sary  to  add  9  enumerators  more — in  Guantanamo,  4;  in  Palma,  2;  in  San  Luis,  1;  in 
Canev,  1,  and  in  Bayamo,  1 — making  a  total  of  332. 

NUMBER  OF  WOMEN  EMPLOYED  AS  ENUMERATORS. 

The  number  of  women  employed  as  enumerators  in  this  district  was  only  one  in 
Campechuela,  called  America  Betancourt.  In  Santiago  they  could  not  be  employed, 
because  the  supervisor  was  not  authorized  to  furnish  them  a  companion,  which  would 


656 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


have  avoided  the  insults  to  which  they  were  exposed  in  this  capital,  at  least  from 
those  opposed  to  the  census. 

GENERAL  INTELLECTUAL  AND  MORAL  CHARACTER  OF  THE  ENUMERATORS,  THEIR  QUALI¬ 
FICATIONS  AND  ZEAL. 

With  regard  to  the  general  intellectual  and  moral  character  of  the  enumerators, 
their  qualifications  and  zeal,  I  must  state  that  they  must  be  divided  into  three  groups: 
The  monitors,  the  enumerators  of  the  city,  and  those  of  the  country.  The  first — that 
is,  the  monitors — all  19  showed  great  intelligence,  activity,  and  good  faith  in  all  the 
work  of  organization,  instruction,  and  vigilance,  those  of  Santiago,  Manzanillo, 
Bayamo,  Holguin,  Palma,  and  Gibara  deserving  special  mention.  These  delegates 
personally  paid  for  trips,  going  to  all  the  places  where  their  presence  may  have  been 
required,  gave  proper  account  of  the  enumerators  who  did  not  work,  and  there  were 
some  who  personally  paid  for  the  printing  of  proclamations  and  announcements  for 
the  others  and  for  the  public. 

The  enumerators  of  the  city,  numbering  33,  have  done  work  fairly  correct,  in  view 
of  the  short  period  of  preparation  and  the  difficulties  they  frequently  encountered, 
being  obliged  to  wait  until  all  hours  of  the  night  for  the  return  of  the  husbands  or 
heads  of  families,  when  the  latter  refused  to  give  any  information  without  the  inter¬ 
vention  of  the  former,  as  well  as  many  other  causes  which  have  been  included  in  the 
body  of  this  report.  There  have  been  many  who  have  distinguished  themselves  for 
their  exactness  in  the  census,  the  zeal  and  rapidity  of  the  work,  but  the  following 
deserve  special  mention:  Nos.  150,  115,  49,  220,  57,  40,  30,  37,  36,  29,  44,  28,  and  31, 
and  others  which  would  make  a  list  too  extensive  to  mention. 

The  enumerators  of  the  country  have  been  true  Titans.  Constantly  having  to  cope 
with  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  with  the  bad  roads,  and  the  poverty  of  the  farm¬ 
ers  who  were  not  able  to  give  them  the  proverbial  hospitality  of  this  class  of  people, 
being  obliged  to  sleep  in  kitchens  having  no  walls,  detained  in  miserable  hovels  for 
days  waiting  for  the  rivers  to  go  down  in  order  to  continue  their  work,  living  mostly 
on  sweet-potatoes,  and  many  of  them  losing  their  horses,  they  have  finally  conquered 
more  by  reason  of  their  ambition  than  for  the  remuneration,  which  often  was  not 
sufficient  to  pay  expenses.  The  Government,  or  rather  the  American  people  who 
read  these  descriptions,  can  not  understand  them  and  will  probably  believe  that  they 
are  exaggerated,  accustomed  as  you  are  to  good  roads,  railroads,  bridges,  etc.  It  is 
necessary  to  see  this  and  to  go  over  the  roads  during  the  rainy  season  to  get  a  correct 
idea.  Who  could  be  mentioned  as  the  most  worthy  of  these  giants  of  duty  and  activ¬ 
ity?  All  of  them;  and  their  work  executed  on  foot,  on  a  chair,  standing  in  the  mud 
of  the  interior  of  the  huts  of  the  natives,  tormented  by  the  ferocious  mosquitoes  of 
the  woods,  by  the  smoke  of  the  fires,  etc.,  have  a  relatively  large  value,  even  for 
those  who,  having  enumerated  a  small  number  of  persons,  have  traveled  immense 
distances,  as  was  the  case  with  those  who  went  to  the  Sierra  Maestra.  In  general  I 
can  not  say  less  here — that  the  education,  morality,  qualifications,  and  zeal  of  the 
personnel  employed  have  been  excellent.  I  only  had  to  discharge  two,  one  in  San 
Luis  because  he  was  too  old  and  did  not  write  plainly,  and  the  other  in  Campechuela 
for  having  absolutely  ignored  the  instructions  he  had  received.  Two  or  three  resigned 
on  account  of  illness  and  were  immediately  substituted  without  interrupting  the 
census. 

INTERESTING  DETAILS  RELATING  TO  THE  WORK. 

The  details  relating  to  the  work,  and  which  could  be  changed  in  a  new  census,  are 
material  and  are  confined  to — 

First.  The  time.  So  delicate  a  work  should  never  be  executed  in  a  country  so 
destitute  of  means  of  communication  and  education,  and  especially  during  the  time 
of  heavy  rains,  in  the  period  of  forty-five  days. 

Second.  A  great  difference  should  la*  made  between  the  salary  paid  enumerators 
of  cities  and  those  of  the  country.  If  another  census  should  be  taken  in  the  same 


APPENDIX  IX. 


657 


period  and  under  the  same  conditions,  it  would  not  be  possible  to  obtain  a  personnel 
similar  to  the  present  one;  only  ignorant  persons  or  those  forced  thereto  through 
necessity  would  apply  for  the  positions.  One  enumerator  of  the  country  who  took 
part  in  the  ten  years’  insurrection  and  that  of  the  last  three  years  suffered  so  many 
hardships  and  perils  taking  the  census  that  he  was  sorry  he  had  accepted  the  posi¬ 
tion,  saying  that  he  preferred  twenty  years  of  war  to  repeating  the  work  he  executed 
only  for  pride’s  sake  and  to  keep  his  sworn  word.  I  repeat  that  these  details  appear 
to  be  exaggerated.  I  assure  you  that  there  is  a  pass  on  the  road  from  Baracoa  to 
Maisi  where  a  person  is  obliged  to  make  the  horse  go  before  him  creeping  through 
the  stones  and  follow  him  on  all  fours,  with  great  danger  of  falling  down  an  immense 
precipice.  This  road  is  that  called  “Mata  Caballo,”  (kill  a  horse). 

Third.  The  ink  bottles  sent  to  the  enumerators  were  of  no  use,  their  long  shape 
making  them  upset  easily,  and  this  office  has  spent  a  good  sum  in  ink  and  was 
obliged  to  authorize  some  delegates  to  do  the  same.  Inkstands  with  a  spring  should 
have  been  selected  for  the  pocket,  and,  furthermore,  a  certain  amount  only  should 
have  been  put  in  the  bottles. 

Fourth.  If  the  enumerators  had  been  authorized  to  take  their  data  with  pencil 
and  afterwards  fill  in  the  schedules  at  their  homes  in  ink,  all  the  work  would  have 
been  better.  Only  the  enumerators  of  the  towns  who  had  a  table  on  which  to  write 
and  a  chair  to  sit  on  were  able  to  keep  their  schedules  clean  and  neat. 

Fifth.  The  portfolios  allow  the  schedules  of  education  and  agriculture  to  slip  out 
laterally.  It  would  have  been  advisable,  therefore,  for  them  to  have  had  two  lateral 
fastenings,  or  that  the  second  and  third  schedules  had  been  made  larger. 

Sixth.  The  waterproof  covering  is  not  sufficiently  so,  and  allows  the  water  to  enter 
in  crossing  rivers.  The  tapes  were  sewn  too  near  the  edges;  some  became  unfastened, 
and  it  was  necessary  to  replace  them. 

CONCLUSION. 

Finally,  and  in  order  to  properly  close  this  report,  already  of  sufficient  length,  I 
consider  it  my  duty  to  request  the  Assistant  Director  to  use  his  influence  in  so  far  as 
possible  to  have  established  in  this  unfortunate  island  bureaus  or  offices  of  statistics, 
on  the  style  of  those  existing  in  the  United  States,  France,  and  Germany,  which 
should,  weekly  or  monthly,  collect  all  the  data  relating  to  the  increase  or  decrease 
of  population,  color,  nativity,  age,  education,  etc.,  of  all  the  inhabitants,  with  a  corps 
of  agricultural  engineers  to  make  plans  of  the  districts  and  fix  natural  limits 
for  each  one.  Finally,  that  a  general  plan  containing  all  the  private  plans  of  rural 
estates,  leaving  the  ground  belonging  to  the  State  and  the  royalties  (realengos)  clearly 
defined.  In  this  manner  everybody  would  know  what  he  owns  exactly,  the  large 
number  of  parcels  of  land  without  owners  will  be  made  use  of,  and  without  the 
expenses  which  have  been  incurred  at  the  present  time.  In  a  short  period  these 
bureaus  of  statistics  would  be  enabled  to  furnish  these  schedules  filled  in  for  a  com¬ 
plete  census  and  even  more  correctly. 

In  this  manner  complete  statistics  could  be  obtained  in  Cuba  which  would  give  a 
real  knowledge  of  the  country  with  regard  to  its  different  climates,  geological  condi¬ 
tions,  production,  and  wealth,  information  which  the  Spaniards  never  had  during 
the  four  centuries  they  dominated  the  island,  the  lack  of  which  prevents  a  knowledge 
of  the  great  advantages  which  if  known  would  surely  attract  heavy  immigration  to 
develop  them.  These  bureaus  of  statistics  would  reveal  the  great  resources  and 
sources  of  wealth  which  Cuba  contains. 

Yours,  etc.,  Sabas  Meneses, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census . 

The  Director  of  Cuban  Census, 

Washington ,  D.  C. 

(Through  the  Assistant  Director.) 

24662 - 42 


658 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


APPENDIX  X. 

WESTERN  SWAMP  OF  ZAPATA,  IN  THE  PORTION  CORRESPONDING  TO 
THE  MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  OF  JAGUEY  GRANDE. 

[Details  relating  to  the  same  compiled  by  the  undersigned  enumerator,  No.  201.] 

First  excursion. — I  left  the  town  of  Jaguey  Grande  on  the  afternoon  of  the  15th  of 
October,  1899,  spending  the  night  at  the  Victoria  plantation  in  order  to  commence 
my  work  in  the  morning  of  the  16th,  the  date  fixed  for  taking  the  census. 

At  5  o’clock  on  the  morning  of  the  16th  I  left  said  plantation,  accompanied  by  the 
guides,  Polonio  Miranda  and  Luis  Gonzalez,  all  of  us  provided  with  repeating  rifles, 
200  rounds  of  ammunition,  revolvers,  machetes,  bowie  knives,  shotguns,  with  ammu¬ 
nition  therefor;  also  carrying  rations  to  last  us  six  days. 

At  8.30  a.  m.  we  entered  the  swamp,  leaving  our  horses  at  the  Victoria  plantation 
above  mentioned. 

October  16 — First  visit. — This  was  to  Crocodile  Island,  where  we  found  nothing 
deserving  of  special  mention.  Immediately  thereafter  we  continued  to  the  islets  of 
Verde,  Cujal,  and  El  Ahorcado,  where  we  spent  the  first  night.  The  trip  between 
the  islets  is  very  difficult,  the  swamp  being  from  one-half  to  three  yards  deep,  at 
which  depth  there  is  a  firm,  stony  bottom.  Many  and  various  woods  and  birds 
abound  on  these  islets. 

October  17. — Visit  to  the  islets  of  La  Galleta,  La  Caoba,  El  Ocujal,  and  La  Cuchilla 
camping  on  the  latter.  During  this  trip  we  killed  a  number  of  crocodiles,  measuring 
from  1  to  4  yards,  making  use  of  our  arms  and  machetes  for  the  purpose.  The  most 
abundant  woods  on  this  islet  are  mahogany  and  ocuje.  The  night  was  unpleasant 
and  spent  on  guard,  because  crocodiles  followed  our  party  to  the  camp,  four  of  them 
advancing  to  our  mosquito  bars,  which  we  killed  with  great  trouble. 

October  18. — I  visited  the  islets  of  Jiqui,  Alonso,  Los  Negros,  and  Bejuco  1st.  On 
this  day  we  killed  seven  turkeys  and  one*  Indian  rat  (jutia)  for  our  maintenance, 
because  we  had  lost  what  we  had  with  us  on  account  of  a  storm.  We  spent  the  night 
on  the  islet  of  Bejuco,  being  followed  again  by  crocodiles,  with  which  we  had  an 
encounter  lasting  two  hours,  succeeding  after  killing  two  in  dispersing  them.1  The 
guide,  Luis  Gonzalez,  was  wounded  and  bruised,  as  well  as  Polonio  Miranda. 

There  are  some  human  remains  on  this  islet,  it  having  been  one  of  the  Cuban 
camps  during  the  last  war. 

October  19. — Visit  to  the  islets  Punta  del  Sinu,  Palma  Amarilla,  Cuchilla  Sola,  and 
La  Jutia.  This  day  we  killed  nine  crocodiles,  from  5  to  6  feet  in  length.  Our  food 
consisted  of  turkey  and  fish  and  we  spent  the  night  on  the  last  islet,  where,  by  reason 
of  being  near  the  lake  of  Tesoro  and  many  crocodiles  infesting  it,  it  was  impossible 
for  iLs  to  rest,  as  it  was  necessary  to  be  on  the  lookout.  On  the  islet  Punta  de  Sinu, 
already  mentioned,  there  exists  a  mineral  spring  -within  a  rock,  around  which  there 
are  still  some  Cuban  camps.  The  temperature  is  very  agreeable  on  this  islet,  the 
nights  being  cold. 

October  HO. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  I  visited  the  islets  of  El  Agustin,  Los  Vol¬ 
untaries,  El  Lazo,  Lojita,  and  Retorno,  where  we  spent  the  night.  During  the  day 
we  killed  7  white  heron,  1  turkey  and  1  mud  turtle.  We  slept  in  a  stockade  of 
palms,  a  defense  which  it  is  customary  to  make  in  order  to  avoid  the  attack  of  the 
crocodiles  which  prowled  about  during  the  night.  At  daybreak  we  were  surrounded 
by  a  large  number  of  crocodiles;  our  position  being  somewhat  difficult,  we  succeeded 
in  killing  4  crocodiles,  using  all  our  ammunition,  and  therefore  by  the  use  of  our 
machetes  and  ganotes  we  were  able  to  reach  some  trees  and  through  their  branches 


1  The  Caiman  or  American  crocodile  is  very  large  and  courageous. 


ENUMERATORS,  CITY  OF  HABANA. 


APPENDIX  X. 


659 


we  traveled  a  distance  of  45  feet,  where,  now  out  of  danger,  I  determined  to  proceed, 
as  will  be  related. 

October  21. — Lack  of  food  on  account  of  having  used  our  ammunition  in  defense 
against  the  crocodiles.  We  decided  to  return  in  order  to  secure  provisions.  The  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  islet  of  Retorno  to  the  town  is  3  leagues,  H  being  swamp.  Arriving 
with  difficulty  at  Jaguey  at  11  o’clock,  and  after  getting  supplies,  again  at  2  in  the 
afternoon  set  out  and  arrived  at  islet  of  Lomar  de  los  Voluntaries  at  6  in  the  even¬ 
ing.  Slept  there.  Some  graves  of  Cubans  from  the  last  war  are  on  this  islet. 

October  22. — Visited  the  islets  of  Concone,  El  Torno,  El  Carmelo,  and  El  Perico. 
Killed  3  crocodiles,  2  mud  turtles,  3  birds,  and  1  Indian  rat  on  this  day.  Islets  very 
dense  and  difficult  to  penetrate  on  account  of  their  marshy  interior. 

October  23. — Visited  the  islets  of  Socorro.  Killed  5  crocodiles,  3  wild  doves,  and  2 
Indian  rats.  This  islet  is  quite  large  and  to  reach  it  a  difficult  portion  of  the  swamp 
has  to  be  crossed,  being  near  to  the  peninsula  of  Zapata.  Found  a  family  at  the 
“ jato  "  of  Maniadero  composed  of  five  persons.  Asked  the  head  of  the  family  named 
Marcel  Zacarias  Morejon  what  the  distance  was  from  Santa  Clara.  He  informed 
me  that  it  was  about  60  leagues.  When  asked  what  chief  or  government  he  recog¬ 
nized  he  answered  “none.”  That  in  those  places  everyone  governed  himself.  Their 
food  consisted  of  honey,  Indian  rats,  meal,  pumpkins,  and  some  venison  and  coffee 
sweetened  with  said  honey.  The  venison  with  much  difficulty  he  caught  with  traps. 
Many  mosquitoes  and  insects  on  this  peninsula. 

October  24. — At  daybreak  on  this  day  started  again  for  the  swamp  and  visited  the 
islets  of  El  Campamento  and  El  Alerta.  Rained  all  day.  Killed  2  crocodiles  and  1 
flamingo.  Slept  with  wet  clothing  and  tormented  with  mosquitoes.  Our  hammocks 
were  swung  3  yards  above  the  ground  on  the  banks  of  the  brook  El  Contrero,  whose 
limpid  waters  rejoiced  our  spirits  and  in  which  are  many  fish. 

October  25. — Visited  this  day  the  islets  of  El  Esquirel  and  El  Contrero.  Rains  all 
day.  Crossed  several  creeks  which  rise  on  the  coast  and  empty  into  the  swamp. 
Lost  the  way  by  reason  of  the  darkness  of  the  day  and  were  obliged  to  camp  in  the 
center  of  the  forest,  where,  after  remaining  two  hours,  it  was  impossible  to  support 
the  pest  of  insects.  Were  obliged  to  enter  the  swamp  and  camp  in  some  palms.  We 
passed  a  very  bad  night  on  account  of  our  position,  the  pest  of  insects,  and  the  great 
darkness,  the  rains  continuing  at  intervals  throughout  the  night.  Wet  clothing 
caused  the  illness  of  the  guide,  Luis  Gonzalez.  While  asleep  in  a  palm  the  guide 
Miranda  fell  into  the  water,  suffering  a  blow  on  the  side  and  the  consequent  fright, 
but  with  the. greatest  rapidity  succeeded  in  regaining  his  former  place.  At  daybreak 
the  guide  Gonzalez  continuing  ill,  he  was  obliged  to  turn  back,  we  accompanying 
him  to  a  safe  place,  and  thus  I  was  left  alone  with  Miranda. 

October  26. — Visited  the  islets  of  El  Guanal  and  El  Dagame.  Rains  continued, 
making  traveling  almost  impossible.  Seven  crocodiles  were  killed  and  4  partridges, 
catching  also  4  “ guabinas."  Spent  the  night  on  the  islet  of  Dagame,  tormented  with 
insects. 

October  27. — Visited  the  islets  of  El  Toro  and  El  Jucaral.  This  day  was  one  of 
much  rain  and  wind.  Killed  9  “yaguasas,”  1  “  garcilote,"  6  parrots,  and  caught  3 
‘ ‘ majuaries ’ ’  (fish),  passing  the  night  on  the  last-mentioned  islet. 

October  28. — Visited  the  islets  of  Los  Pajaros  and  Martin  Popito,  the  latter  being 
so  named  on  account  of  having  been  the  camp  of  said  chief  in  the  insurrection  and 
on  account  of  his  having  been  taken  prisoner  on  the  same.  Previously  this  islet  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Los  Voluntaries.  Rains  still  continued.  Killed  3  crocodiles 
and  13  11  yaguasas.1'  By  reason  of  the  high  winds  we  spent  a  pleasant  night,  there 
being  no  insects. 

Visited  at  daybreak  the  islet  Voluntaries,  which  has  a  large  area.  Rained  all  day, 
with  high  winds  impeding  our  progress.  Killed  two  Indian  rats  and  three  “yagu¬ 
asas."  Camped  on  the  banks  of  the  Esquivel  River. 


660 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


October  30. — Visited  the  islets  of  Tembladores  and  El  Cangre.  Road  difficult  on 
account  of  having  to  cross  a  large  portion  of  the  swamp  through  thick  grass  or  weeds, 
and,  our  hunting  ammunition  having  given  out,  we  spent  the  night  without  food. 

October  31. — Visited  the  islets  of  Vigfa  de  Socorro  and  El  Angustia.  Rain  and 
sometimes  a  hot  sun.  Camped  on  the  banks  of  Ninso  Creek,  swinging  our  ham¬ 
mocks  3  yards  above  the  ground  and  passing  a  terrible  night. 

November  1. — Decided  to  go  out  of  the  swamp,  on  account  of  the  lack  of  provisions. 
On  the  way  visited  the  islet  of  Largo,  which  is  of  great  importance  for  its  woods  and 
proximity  to  the  coast.  The  crossing  of  this  portion  of  the  swamp,  called  Blan- 
quizal,  is  very  dangerous  by  reason  of  the  many  covered  holes,  -which  render  it  dan¬ 
gerous  for  a  person  to  go  without  a  companion  to  give  assistance.  Arrived  in  town 
at  9  o’clock  in  the  morning. 

November  2. — At  daybreak  left  for  Damuji,  which  islet  I  had  reached  at  6  o’clock 
the  previous  evening,  having  left  town  at  12  o’clock  after  getting  supplies.  This 
islet  is  quite  small  and  contains  the  remains  of  Cuban  camps.  Spent  a  bad  night  on 
account  of  the  insects. 

November  3. — Left  in  the  morning  for  the  islets  of  Palisada  Grande  and  Palisada 
Chica.  This  part  of  the  swamp  is  difficult  to  cross,  being  covered  with  high  grasses, 
and  were  obliged  to  set  fire  to  the  same  in  order  to  be  able  to  continue  our  march. 
Killed  1  crocodile  and  caught  4  fish  ( majuaries ),  and  spent  the  night  in  mangrove 
trees. 

November  4- — Went  over  the  islets  of  Majuari  and  El  Pacifico.  Rainy  day.  Killed 
a  number  of  crocodiles  and  2  Indian  rats.  There  are  several  Cuban  camps  on  these 
islets.  Spent  the  night  on  this  islet,  intending  to  visit  the  next  morning  the  penin¬ 
sula  of  Zapata.  Our  food  consisted  of  boiled  Indian  rats  and  coffee,  which  is  very 
necessary  in  this  swamp  on  account  of  its  strengthening  qualities. 

November  5. — Visited  the  brooks  El  Contero  and  El  Salchicha.  These  brooks 
abound  in  fish  and  contain  many  mangrove  trees.  Killed  the  largest  crocodile  yet 
encountered.  We  cut  him  open  to  secure  his  fat,  which  is  of  great  medicinal  value. 

November  6. — In  the  morning  visited  the  islets  of  Las  Auras  and  afterwards  El  Ojo 
de  Agua.  The  latter  spring  has  a  circumference  of  30  meters  and  a  depth  of  four 
vards.  It  is  situated  on  a  rock  and  abounds  with  fish.  Its  waters  are  saltv,  and  we 
were  obliged  to  shorten  our  stay  on  account  of  not  being  able  to  quench  our  thirst. 
We  found  fresh  water  on  a  small  islet  where  we  camped.  We  were  near  the 
peninsula  of  Zapata.  The  night  was  unpleasant  on  account  of  the  insects. 

November  7. — Visited  the  brooks  El  Esquivel  and  El  Ninso.  These  brooks  rise  on 
the  coast  and  empty  in  the  center  of  the  swamp.  They  contain  many  crocodiles. 
We  continued  our  march,  being  desirous  of  getting  on  land  and  entering  the  penin¬ 
sula  of  Zapata.  Landed  there  at  12  o’clock,  although  with  some  difficulty,  on 
account  of  having  the  first  guide,  Miranda,  sick,  but  very  happy  after  suffering  so 
many  days  of  continuous  torment  and  exposure.  After  taking  a  rest  and  some 
coffee  we  continued,  at  2  in  the  afternoon,  toward  Santa  Teresa,  where  we  arrived 
at  6  o’clock,  finding  the  first  inhabitants  of  those  regions.  This  was  a  widow,  who 
had  lost  her  husband  in  the  war;  she  had  four  sons.  Upon  being  asked  her  name 
she  told  me  that  it  was  Evarista  Torres,  widow  of  Agustin  Arecibia,  and  informed 
me  that  her  children  had  never  received  any  education,  there  being  no  schools 
there.  They  did  not  even  know  their  letters,  never  having  seen  any.  They  go 
almost  naked,  and  wear  shoes  made  of  crocodile  skin.  Their  habitation  is  made 
of  tree  trunks  about  3  yards  high,  and  dry  branches  constitute  their  bed.  Their 
food  consists  of  honey,  pumpkins,  and  the  meat  of  wild  hogs,  when  they  catch  any. 
Upon  being  asked  whether  they  liked  the  life  they  were  living,  or  whether  they 
wished  to  go  to  town,  they  answered  that  they  were  happy,  having  lived  there  all 
their  lives.  They  had  lost  the  cattle,  goats,  etc.,  they  owned  through  the  war,  and 
that  notwithstanding  all  that  they  had  suffered  and  their  poverty,  they  considered 


APPENDIX  X. 


661 


themselves  more  happy  at  a  distance  from  the  world.  Their  hut  is  on  the  side  of  a 
large  mountain.  Left  there,  after  drinking  some  honey  and  water,  all  we  had  had, 
at  7  that  evening,  continued  to  Santa  Teresa,  one-half  league  distant,  arriving  there 
at  8  o’clock  at  night.  We  found  another  hut  with  four  inhabitants.  Upon  asking 
for  the  head  of  the  family  a  man  named  Jesus  Bonachea  appeared,  a  native  of  said 
peninsula.  Upon  being  asked  w'hether  he  knew  how  to  read  and  write  he  answered 
in  the  affirmative,  stating  that  his  father  had  sent  him  away  from  there  to  learn. 
Upon  learning  wre  had  had  nothing  to  eat  for  two  days  he  offered  us  all  he  had  in  his 
hut,  which  consisted  of  venison,  very  tough,  but  which  to  our  appetite  was  exquisite. 
He  also  gave  us  pumpkins,  honey,  and  meal.  Being  tired,  he  gave  us  a  corn  house 
in  which  to  sleep,  the  corn  serving  as  a  pillow.  Notwithstanding  the  insects,  we 
were  so  fatigued  and  worn-out  that  we  slept  profoundly. 

November  8. — Rose  early  and  set  out,  finding  a  hut  in  course  of  construction,  very 
large.  Found  several  inhabitants.  Upon  asking  for  the  head  of  the  family  he  wras 
presented  to  me.  Name,  Eulogio  Lobato,  native  of  said  peninsula,  of  the  Cuban  revo¬ 
lution.  Family  of  4  daughters  and  3  sons.  He  is  the  person,  when  anything  occurs, 
is  called  upon  by  the  inhabitants  of  that  region  to  represent  them.  Lives  on  400  cabal- 
lerias  of  ground,  the  property  of  a  German  named  August  Guppe,  residing  in  Habana. 
I  requested  some  information  of  Mr.  Lobato  as  to  the  progress  of  those  regions,  which 
he  gladly  furnished,  stating  “the  war  was  my  ruin,  as  of  all  of  us,  when  the  Spanish 
troops  invaded  this  place,  forcing  me  to  flee  and  hide,  taking  my  family  writh  me 
into  a  mountain  where  they  spent  several  months  without  resources.  ’  ’  Informed 
me  that  a  few  days  before  he  had  made  a  small  excursion  with  the  secretary  of 
General  Brooke  for  the  purpose  of  exploring  some  of  that  territory.  Tobacco  grows 
very  well  here,  the  only  difficulty  being  that  the  leaf  is  so  thick.  At  9  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  got  a  good  breakfast  and  continued  conversation.  I  asked  him  about  the  bay 
and  its  depth  and  he  then  offered  to  take  me  over  a  narrow  road  which  has  existed 
some  years  from  Santa  Teresa  to  the  sea.  This  line  was  lengthened  by  the  German 
referred  to,  who  is  the  owner  of  these  lands,  shipping  timber  by  water,  large  vessels 
being  able  to  enter.  This  line  to  the  sea  is  of  4  kilometers.  The  bay  is  7  leagues 
long  and  3£  wide  at  its  entrance,  the  rivers  Ondoneo  de  los  Jalalos  and  Caleta  del 
Rosario  emptying  into  it.  It  has  a  beautiful  beach,  where  there  was  a  Spanish  fort 
which  the  inhabitants  were  that  day  pulling  dowTn  and  in  my  presence.  At  the 
mouth  of  one  of  the  rivers  there  is  a  very  large  rock  and  the  inhabitants  state  that 
under  it  there  is  a  large  iron  chest  filled  with  money  placed  there  by  pirates,  and 
state  that  this  is  an  undoubted  fact.  This  bay  is  known  by  the  name  of  Bahia  de 
Cochinos.  The  insurgents  called  it  Bay  of  the  Independence.  On  said  bay  I  placed 
aboard  with  the  following  inscription:  “  The  enumerator  of  the  Zapata  swamp,  in 
the  province  of  Matanzas,  number  201.”  I  have  also  affixed  this  number  on  all  the 
islets  that  I  have  visited.  Returned  to  the  hut  at  2  o’clock  and,  after  some  coffee, 
started  out  for  the  settlement  called  Caleta  de  la  Gallina,  which  we  were  not  able  to 
reach  the  same  day.  We  camped  on  the  side  of  a  mountain  until  the  next  day. 

November  9. — Arrived  at  our  destination  at  8  in  the  morning,  where  we  visited  the 
islets  of  El  Matias  and  El  Corojal,  which  are  near  the  peninsula.  There  are  some 
ranches  of  the  insurgents  on  the  same.  Killed  2  Indian  rats  and  3  “  sevillas,”  on 
which  we  lived.  Rained  the  whole  afternoon  and  we  were  obliged  to  kindle  a  fire 
and  dry  our  clothing.  Set  up  our  camp  and  passed  a  terrible  night.  I  must  state 
that  the  mosquitoes  and  insects  are  constantly  in  the  swamp,  but  that  during  the 
rains  they  are  much  worse. 

November  11. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  we  set  out  along  the  coast — a  very  ardu¬ 
ous  trip,  by  reason  of  the  stones  called  “  dientes  de  perro”  (dog’s  teeth) — continuing 
to  the  islets  El  Narcisa  and  El  Nazareno.  Found  several  huts  of  Cuban  camps  on  the 
same.  Entering  one  of  these  huts  found  it  occupied  by  a  large  crocodile,  which  we 
killed,  together  with  three  smaller  ones  lying  alongside.  We  shot  several  wild 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


662 

pigeons  and  parrots,  which  furnished  us  food  for  the  day.  We  ate  hastily,  as  night 
was  approaching  and  we  were  obliged  .to  provide  ourselves  with  wood  to  form  our 
stockade  for  protection. 

November  12. — During  the  morning  of  this  day  we  continued  along  the  coast, 
crossing  a  place  called  Molino,  inhabited  by  8  persons.  Rested  a  short  time  and 
took  a  little  honey.  These  persons,  as  well  as  those  before  mentioned,  live  on  Indian 
rats,  venison,  fish,  and  honey.  Left  at  10  in  the  morning  for  the  islets  El  Diamante 
and  Los  Almiquenes.  There  are  valuable  woods  on  these  islets  and  thousands  of 
Indian  rats.  There  are  some  graves  of  Cubans  on  these  islets.  At  4  in  the  afternoon 
began  cooking  our  meal,  which  we  ate  at  7  and  then  retired. 

November  13. — Left  this  dav  for  the  islets  of  El  Palmero  and  El  Martirio.  To 
reach  these  islets  it  is  necessary  to  cross  a  bad  portion  of  the  swamp,  some  parts 
having  to  be  swum  over.  We  arrived  at  11  o’clock  a.  m.  A  very  hot  sun  shone  all 
day,  there  being  swarms  of  insects  on  account  of  the  heavy  rains.  Killed  2  croco¬ 
diles  and  5  “ seviUas ,”  which  were  our  nourishment.  Spent  a  bad  night. 

November  14- — On  this  day  visited  the  plantation  of  Jucaro  Quemado,  of  1,500 
caballerias  area.  The  ground  is  stony  and  mountainous.  There  are  all  kinds  of 
woods.  Arrived  here  at  10  in  the  morning  and  found  one  of  the  inhabitants  in 
charge  thereof.  The  owners  live  in  Cienfuegos.  The  person  in  charge  is  called 
Martin  Castillo.  He  belonged  to  the  Cuban  army  and  went  through  the  entire  cam¬ 
paign.  Upon  being  asked  as  to  the  condition  of  the  land  he  stated  that  although  it 
was  very  rocky  everything  that  was  planted  grew  very  well.  We  had  a  good  break¬ 
fast — the  only  day  we  had  had  one — consisting  of  mud  turtles,  with  bananas,  yucca, 
and  honey.  At  1  o’clock  we  began  our  second  march  for  the  islets  of  El  Infierno 
and  El  Insufrible.  The  former  is  composed  of  marshes  and  water  and  the  second  of 
thick  woods,  very  dark,  and  with  many  insects,  all  tending  to  make  it  difficult 
of  exploration.  During  the  march  through  it  we  killed  several  crocodiles.  At  8 
o’clock  we  camped,  surrounding  ourselves  with  fire  in  order  to  be  able  to  stand  the 
night. 

November  15. — In  the  morning  of  this  day  we  started  out  for  the  plantation  of  San 
Bias.  This  plantation  belongs  to  the  state.  One  league  before  arriving  at  it  is  a 
small  place  where  there  are  the  graves  of  two  brothers  who  belonged  to  the  Cuban 
army.  One,  whose  name  was  Matos,  was  a  major,  and  the  other,  Bernardo,  a  private. 
At  1  o’clock  in  the  afternoon,  after  going  6  leagues  through  the  swamp  and  stones, 
we  arrived  at  the  first-named  islet.  After  greeting  several  inhabitants  whom  we 
found  there,  we  borrowed  a  boiler  in  which  to  cook  our  meal,  not  having  had  any¬ 
thing  to  eat  during  this  march.  We  spoke  to  the  person  in  charge  of  the  estate,  Mr. 
Isidoro  Gonzalez,  who  informed  us  that  the  ground  was  bad  for  planting,  but  good 
for  pasture.  Upon  being  asked  his  occupation,  he  told  me  that  he  raised  hogs 
and  hunted  Indian  rats,  sending  them  smoked  to  the  ward  of  Primera  Aguada, 
about  10  leagues  distant.  He  sells  said  animals  at  50  cents  each  and  lives  on  the 
proceeds.  He  informed  me  that  they  had  only  80  left;  that  they  had  lost  many  of 
a  sickness  with  which  they  were  not  acquainted.  He  informed  us  that  we  were  at  a 
distance  of  30  leagues  from  Jaguey  Grande.  We  set  forth  at  3  in  the  afternoon  for 
the  islets  of  El  Ingeniero  and  El  Yigia  de  Juan  Socorro.  We  arrived  at  these  islets 
at  6  in  the  evening.  This  islet  is  called  El  Ingeneiro  (The  Engineer)  because  an 
engineer  spent  the  night  on  it  in  1889.  This  gentleman  was  called  Carlos  Cadarso, 
and  had  come  to  lengthen  the  line  of  the  railroad  of  Matanzas  to  the  peninsula  of 
Zapata.  We  spent  the  night  on  the  last-mentioned  islet. 

November  16. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  we  left  for  the  lake  of  Tesoro,  arriving 
at  1  o’clock.  This  lake  is  4  leagues  in  circumference.  Two  rivers  rise  in  the  same, 
which  empty  into  the  sea.  The  water  is  pleasant  for  drinking.  The  rivers  are  called 
Jodones  de  Jabalo  and  Caleta  del  Rosario.  The  trip  to  this  lake  is  dangerous,  there 
being  many  alligators  and  caimans,  many  of  which  we  killed,  wounding  others. 


ENUMERATORS,  CITY  OF  MAT  A  N  7  AS . 


APPENDIX  X. 


663 


The  inhabitants  of  the  region  round  this  lake  informed  me  that  it  had  been  visited 
by  the  secretary  of  General  Brooke  during  the  month  of  September.  It  was  not 
possible  for  this  gentleman  to  make  an  excursion,  not  being  acquainted  with  the 
swamp.  He  may  be  a  witness  to  my  statement  as  to  the  condition  of  the  swamp. 
The  secretary  was  accompanied  on  his  excursion  by  the  German,  August  Gruppe, 
owner  of  the  plantation  Santa  Teresa.  The  islets  are  at  a  distance  of  2  leagues 
from  the  lake,  arriving  there  at  6  o’clock  in  the  evening.  We  then  prepared  our 
meal,  which  consisted  of  mud  turtles,  our  ammunition  being  exhausted.  We  spent 
the  night  in  the  sierra  of  Xuestra  Senora  Santa  Barbara. 

November  17. — In  the  morning  of  this  day  we  continued  our  trip  to  the  swamp 
called  Pomplona,  which  is  a  very  arduous  trip,  arriving  at  the  islets  of  El  Plateado 
and  El  Areledo  which  are  not  of  much  importance.  They  were  inhabited  during 
the  last  war  by  some  families.  We  arrived  at  10  in  the  morning  without  provisions, 
which  forced  us  to  stop  and  secure  some  guavas.  It  rained  all  day  and  we  arrived  at 
Perna  Larga  at  4  in  the  afternoon,  finding  one  inhabitant  called  Pedro  Arrece, 
whom  after  greeting  we  requested  information  as  to  our  distance  to  Jaguey  Grande 
and  the  direction,  because  the  guides  had  lost  their  way.  We  continued  the  march  to 
the  plantation  El  Posario  seeking  food,  for  we  had  gone  two  days  without  it  and 
without  rest.  Arrived  at  said  plantation  at  6  in  the  evening.  There  are  some 
houses  on  this  estate  and  we  rested  in  one  of  them.  There  are  also  some  hogs.  The 
head  of  the  house  came  out  to  receive  us.  The  owners  of  the  estate  are  Adolfo 
Herrera  and  Nestor  Santamasino.  I  requested  some  food  of  Mr.  Herrera,  which  was 
immediately  furnished,  with  eggs,  peas,  rice,  and  pork,  sausage,  wine,  bread,  and 
coffee,  besides  orange  preserves,  and  a  good  cigar.  I  wished  to  pay  for  all  this,  but 
the  money  was  not  accepted  and  I  was  given,  furthermore,  provisions  and  some 
ammunition  for  my  rifle. 

November  18. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  we  started  out  to  the  islets  of  La 
Caimanera  and  El  Jicasita,  arriving  at  11  in  the  morning.  On  these  islands  were  sev¬ 
eral  camps  of  Cubans  during  the  last  war.  Woods  of  all  kinds.  Many  Indian  rats. 
Rained  all  day,  preventing  our  continuing  our  march. 

November  19. — We  continued  to  the  river  Hanabana  which  is  the  river  dividing 
this  province  from  Santa  Clara.  Being  that  day  very  swollen,  it  was  impossible  to 
cross  it — going  along  its  shores  until  we  reached  the  islet  of  Fermier,  at  which  we 
arrived  at  12  o’clock.  Killed  5  crocodiles,  some  birds,  and  an  Indian  rat,  which  were 
our  food.  Passed  a  bad  night.  I  had  fever  and  it  rained  the  entire  night.  In  this 
place  and  for  more  than  2  leagues  there  are  no  trees  but  one  “ceiba,”  under  which 
we  camped. 

November  20. — In  the  morning  we  set  out  for  the  coast  toward  the  estate  known 
by  the  name  of  Jaguasa,  which  before  the  war  was  used  for  breeding  purposes. 
Arrived  there  at  12  o’clock,  where  all  the  food  we  found  was  coffee,  being  obliged  to 
continue  our  march  on  foot  and  shoeless  to  the  islet  of  La  Siguanea,  where  we  arrived 
at  4  in  the  afternoon.  This  islet,  situated  on  the  coast,  is  beautiful  by  reason  of  its 
immense  palms,  in  which  innumerable  small  parrots  have  their  nests  as  well  as  some 
species  of  marmots,  which  are  very  large  birds  with  a  perfectly  black  plumage.  W e 
camped  at  this  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  palms  and  devoted  ourselves  to  hunting  parrots 
for  our  dinner,  which  consisted  of  parrot  broth,  and  as  we  were  obliged  to  spend  the 
night  there  we  prepared  our  tents,  etc.  We  retired  at  7  o’clock. 

November  21. — As  on  the  day  before  we  continued  our  march  toward  Jaguey 
Grande,  visiting  the  islets  of  Pamplona  and  Bibanasi  Prieto,  arriving  at  the  latter  at 
11  in  the  morning,  killing  5  crocodiles  and  some  birds  for  our  meals.  After  break¬ 
fast  we  continued  to  the  Cocadrila  de  Gardo,  and  from  this  point  to  Jaguey  Grande, 
where  we  arrived  at  8  o’clock  at  night,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  ourselves  with 
shoes,  for  we  had  been  shoeless  for  four  days,  and  with  ammunition,  coffee,  tobacco, 
provisions,  and  clothing,  preparing  ourselves  to  return  to  the  peninsula  of  Zapata  on 
the  following  day. 


664 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


November  22. — I  left  at  3  o’clock  in  the  morning  with  the  two  guides,  Jacobo  Morales 
and  his  son  Jose,  directly  for  the  Zapata  Peninsula  and  from  there  to  the  islet  of 
Maniadoro,  arriving  at  the  swamp  at  7  in  the  morning.  It  not  being  possible  for  us 
to  go  through  the  grass  covering  it,  we  were  obliged  to  burn  it  before  us  in  order  to 
make  our  way,  which  was  through  swamp  until  5  in  the  afternoon,  when  we  arrived 
at  the  islet  of  “El Invasor,”  where  we  camped  and  took  off  our  clothing  wet  by  the 
heavy  rain,  falling  all  day,  while  we  ate  our  meal.  We  killed  2  crocodiles  during  this 
day  in  some  brooks  located  in  the  middle  of  the  swamp. 

November  23. — As  usual,  in  the  morning  of  this  day  we  continued  our  march  to  the 
islets  of  Sarchicha  and  Sigeaapa,  this  crossing  being  very  arduous.  Arrived  at  these 
islets  at  2  in  the  afternoon,  where  we  only  remained  long  enough  to  make  some  cof¬ 
fee,  continuing  immediately,  as  I  wished  to  arrive  at  the  peninsula  as  soon  as  possi¬ 
ble,  having  some  places  to  visit. 

November  24- — Very  early  in  the  morning  took  up  the  march,  I  suffering  with  fever 
and  one  of  the  guides  with  a  heavy  cold.  Arrived  at  the  peninsula  at  10  o’clock. 
Stopped  a  few  moments  to  take  coffee,  continuing  to  the  farm  called  Maniadero.  The 
road  was  not  so  unpleasant,  being  terra  firma,  but  had  so  many  dog’s  teeth.  Finally 
we  arrived  at  said  estate  at  5  in  the  afternoon.  Found  one  family  only,  the  head  of 
which,  Marcelino  Morejon,  gave  us  a  good  dinner.  Gave  us  a  hut  to  sleep  in 
and  information  on  the  land  and  forests.  Informed  me  that  the  former  was  not 
good  for  agricultural  purposes,  being  too  marshy,  and  that  the  latter  were  valuable, 
although  they  had  suffered  much  through  fires. 

November  25. — After  taking  coffee  we  continued  our  march  to  the  estate  called 
“Roble,”  1  league  distant,  which  had  inhabitants  before  the  war  but  none  now. 
Continued  to  the  estate  of  Casas  Nuevas,  where  we  arrived  at  11  in  the  morning,  find¬ 
ing  several  families,  who  were  enumerated.  Continued,  after  taking  coffee,  toward 
the  estate  of  Quemado  Grande,  which  was  inhabited  before  the  war.  Continued  to 
that  of  Santo  Tomas,  which  was  also  inhabited  before  the  war,  arriving  there  at  6  in 
the  evening  after  a  day’s  journey  of  9  leagues.  During  this  march  shot  birds  of 
various  kinds. 

November  26. — In  the  morning  left  for  the  islets  of  El  Mai  Tiempo  and  El  Solo, 
which  are  on  the  same  peninsula,  and  where  we  arrived  at  9  in  the  morning,  camp¬ 
ing  to  hunt,  birds  being  very  plentiful.  Afterwards  continued  our  march  toward  the 
islet  called  “  Del  Maiz,”  where  we  arrived  at  2  in  the  afternoon,  and  I  enumerated  a 
family  whose  head,  Jose  Dominguez,  is  90  years  of  age.  Continued  our  march  to  the 
islet  of  Santa  Teresa,  where  I  had  already  been  on  my  previous  excursion,  which 
we  were  not  able  to  reach  during  the  day,  forcing  us  to  spend  the  night  in  the  woods. 

November  27. — Continued  this  morning  toward  the  islet  of  Santa  Teresa,  arriving  at 
this  point  at  9  in  the  morning.  The  inhabitants  prepared  a  good  breakfast.  After¬ 
wards  took  up  our  march  toward  Jaguey  Grande,  arriving  at  the  islet  of  Majagual  at 
4  in  the  afternoon,  where  we  camped,  interrupting  our  march  on  account  of  its  being 
impossible  to  continue  because  we  were  tired  out. 

November  28. — On  the  morning  of  this  day  when  we  got  up  to  continue  our  march 
we  found  that  there  were  4  crocodiles  surrounding  the  stockade  we  had  built  the  night 
before  for  our  defense.  We  dispersed  them,  I  with  my  rifle  and  the  guides  with  their 
shotguns,  killing  3,  the  fourth  disappearing  wounded,  I  believe.  Upon  the  conclu¬ 
sion  hereof  we  continued  the  march  toward  Jaguey  Grande,  arriving  at  the  edge 
of  the  swamp  at  7  in  the  evening,  after  a  very  heavy  march,  as  we  had  not  stopped 
to  rest  but  for  a  very  few  minutes.  We  camped  near  the  edge  and  prepared  to  spend 
the  night  there. 

November  29. — In  the  morning  we  continued  our  march  toward  Jaguey  Grande, 
arriving  at  11  in  the  morning  at  the  Colonia  Galdos,  where  we  took  coffee  and  rested, 
taking  up  our  march  again  toward  our  destination,  where  we  arrived  at  6  in  the 
evening,  almost  without  any  clothing. 


APPENDIX  XI. 


665 


In  going  over  the  peninsula  of  Zapata  from  the  farm  of  Maniadero  to  the  islet  of 
El  Cocodrilo,  a  distance  of  44  leagues,  I  have  observed  the  following  order:  From 
Maniadero  to  the  farm  of  Roble,  1  league;  from  this  point  to  Casas  Nuevas,  4;  from 
Casas  Nuevas  to  Santo  Tomas,  5;  from  Santo  Tomas  to  Maiz,  4;  from  here  to  Santa 
Teresa,  7;  from  here  to  Molina,  2;  from  Molina  to  Jiqui,  4;  from  Jiqui  to  Jucaro 
Quemado,  4  more;  from  Jucaro  to  San  Bias,  3;  and  from  here  to  Cocodrilo,  11.  All 
these  points  are  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  forests  of  this  swamp. 

The  expenses  for  food  and  guides  during  the  said  periods  amounted  to  $164. 

.Taguey  Grande,  November  28,  1899. 

Sixto  Agra  monte. 


APPENDIX  XI. 

REPORT  ON  THE  ENUMERATION  OF  THE  ISLETS  OF  THE  NORTH 
COAST  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS,  BY  FRANCISCO  MARI, 
ENUMERATOR  NO.  96. 

On  the  16th  of  October,  in  the  morning,  I  started  out  to  visit  the  islets  belonging 
to  the  province  of  Mantanzas,  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  enumeration  of  the  in¬ 
habitants  living  thereon,  as  the  enumerator  of  the  same.  The  islets  belonging  to 
these  waters  are  almost  without  exception  terra  firma,  and  are  proper  for  all  kinds 
of  works,  as  is  shown  by  the  provisions  which  the  inhabitants  of  the  same  have 
been  furnishing  the  market  of  Cardenas  for  years;  but  this  year,  probably  due  to 
the  drought  and  to  the  scarcity  of  seed,  little  has  been  grown. 

All  the  woods  are  hard  woods,  good  for  the  preparation  of  charcoal*  and  even  for 
the  building  of  houses.  The  inhabitants  of  Cingo  Leguas  live  entirely  isolated  from 
each  other,  probably  due  to  the  large  area  of  this  island.  Almost  all  of  these  indi¬ 
viduals  devote  themselves  to  the  making  of  charcoal  and  to  fishing,  the  latter  almost 
exclusively  for  their  own  maintenance,  although  when  their  catch  is  large  they  take 
some  of  it  to  town  and  exchange  it  for  provisions,  but  this  is  quite  rare.  These 
people — men,  women,  and  children — care  absolutely  nothing  about  their  clothing. 
The  provisions  they  use  for  their  maintenance  are  almost  all  of  them  adulterated. 
They  use  no  shoes  of  any  kind.  Women  work  as  much  as  men  in  cutting  timber,  in 
the  making  of  charcoal,  and  around  the  house.  It  may  be  said  that  she  is  all  man. 

Although  these  individuals  are  not  in  danger  in  case  of  bad  weather,  on  account  of 
the  security  of  their  houses,  I  must  say  that  they  are  completely  isolated  from 
doctors  as  well  as  medicines.  The  latter  are  not  found  at  all  in  the  islets.  There  is 
no  education  at  all  in  these  islets,  the  people  being  entirely  contented  with  their 
mode  of  life. 

The  enumeration  of  the  islets  on  the  south  side  of  the  province  was  rendered  more 
difficult  than  any  others,  owing  to  the  lack  of  water  in  the  bay  of  Santa  Clara,  for 
which  reason  vessels  must  stop  at  a  great  distance  from  the  shores. 

Day  laborers  are  very  scarce.  It  may  be  said  that  these  individuals  do  not  earn 
more  than  3  to  4  reales  per  day  for  12  to  14  hours’  work.  These  individuals  deliver 
to  the  owner  or  to  the  person  in  charge  of  the  yard'  5  sacks  of  coal  for  $1.05,  and 
the  latter  sells  it  at  4  sacks  for  $2.25,  which  is  the  average  price  of  this  merchan¬ 
dise  on  the  market.  About  300  caballos  are  shipped  per  month,  equal  to  1,200  sacks. 

The  same  customs  regarding  shoes,  clothing,  and  maintenance  are  applicable  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  the  islets  in  general,  excepting  the  employees  of  the  light-houses, 
who,  being  Government  employees,  dress  differently,  and  have  some  comforts  the 
others  do  not. 

The  fish  establishments  classified  on  my  schedules  as  vivaries  are  small,  composed 
of  5  or  more  persons  who  work  by  the  piece,  do  not  have  fixed  hours  of  work  nor 


0G6 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


amount,  although  on  an  average  they  work  6  to  7  hours  per  day.  The  regular 
establishments,  composed  of  15  or  more  persons,  work  12  hours,  are  exposed  to 
more  danger  than  any  others,  because  these  individuals  work  in  the  water  and  gen- 
ally  at  night.  Their  victuals  are  poor,  and  they  earn  30  centavos  per  day.  In  Cavo 
Cingo  Leguas  there  are  a  number  of  goats  and  hens,  which  can  not  be  estimated, 
because  their  state  of  procreation  dates  back  9  years.  There  is  furthermore  a  large 
saline  territory  belonging  to  the  same  owner  of  this  islet,  which  is  not  being  worked 
at  the  present  time. 

The  distances  from  one  islet  to  another  are  moderate,  and  may  be  covered  in  more 
or  less  time,  according  to  the  wind  and  the  sea,  which  latter  influences  the  vessels 
very  much. 

The  dangers  and  difficulties  we  encountered  I  communicated  to  you  at  the  proper 
time  in  my  schedules  in  the  first  and  second  delivery  I  made  to  you  during  the 
latter  half  of  the  month  of  October. 

Although  I  do  not  remember  exactly,  1  believe  that  the  number  of  islets  enumer¬ 
ated  by  me  amounted  to  70,  although  the  plan  shows  only  36.  The  data  which  I 
gave  you,  together  with  the  information  I  have  been  able  to  collect,  cover  all  the 
points  mentioned  in  your  letter. 

1  do  not  know  whether  I  have  fulfilled  my  duty  in  this  connection. 

Francisco  Mari,  Enumerator  No.  96. 

Cardenas,  November  26,  1899. 


APPENDIX  XII. 

REPORT  On’tHE  CENSUS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  CARDENAS,  BY  INSTRUCTING 
ENUMERATOR  NUMBER  54,  MARIA  NUNEZ  DE  VILLA VICENCIO. 

Sir:  From  the  time  I  had  the  honor  of  being  selected  by  you  to  instruct  the 
municipality  of  Cardenas,  where  I  had  under  my  charge  20  enumerators  to  prepare 
and  direct,  I  realized  the  importance  of  the  efforts  I  would  have  to  make  to  fulfill 
my  duty.  You  only  could  make  me  accept  so  thorny  a  position,  and  only  the 
requests  of  so  gentlemanly  a  man  as  the  Assistant  Director  could  force  me  to  make  a 
report  on  the  work  of  the  census  in  the  city  of  Cardenas. 

On  the  15th  of  September  I  came  to  this  city  to  attend  the  classes  which  you  were 
giving,  and  after  eight  days’  attendance  and  good  preparation  I  left  for  Cardenas,  to 
do  the  same  work  with  the  enumerators  under  my  charge.  On  the  31st  I  sent  a 
notice  to  all  by  means  of  a  circular,  and  from  the  1st  of  October  to  the  15th  I  gave 
daily  classes  to  the  gentlemen  and  ladies.  I  found  it  rather  difficult  to  get  the  former 
to  attend  because,  after  two  days,  they  informed  me  that  they  thought  themselves 
well  prepared;  but  I  requested  them  to  attend  because  the  supervisor  had  thus 
ordered  me,  and  that  my  duty  was,  before  all,  to  fulfill  the  orders  of  my  chief.  I 
thus  convinced  them,  and  they  came  daily  to  the  classes.  As  I  had  only  five  or  six 
population  schedules,  and  as  there  were  20  enumerators,  I  could  not  explain  to  each 
one,  and  I  was  obliged  to  make  use  of  a  large  slate,  on  which  I  traced  the  same  lines 
into  which  the  population  schedules  were  divided,  and  on  the  other  side  I  drew  an 
agricultural  schedule  or  the  school  schedule,  as  was  necessary.  After  inserting  the 
same  sections,  and  after  having  given  some  lessons,  I  requested  them,  one  by  one,  to 
show  me  on  the  slate  the  different  cases  which  might  occur.  The  same  gentlemen 
who  at  the  beginning  did  not  wish  to  attend  came  with  pleasure,  and  many  took 
notes  on  a  piece  of  paper  of  the  questions  they  wished  me  to  explain,  which  I  did 
with  much  pleasure,  being  glad  to  see  that  they  were  disposed  to  obey.  I  only 
wished  to  take  as  much  weight  off  your  shoulders  as  possible,  and  I  did  everything 
possible  to  keep  the  enumerators  of  Cardenas  from  troubling  you  more  than  possible. 


ENUMERATORS,  CITY  OF  CARDENAS. 


APPENDIX  XII. 


667 


I  must  also  state  that  the  regular  and  constant  progress  we  have  had  has  been  due 
only  to  the  intelligence  and  good  order  you  showed  in  the  minutest  detail.  The 
plans  you  gave  each  of  us,  where  the  streets  were  indicated,  street  by  street,  prepared 
the  work  for  us  in  so  clear  a  manner  and  so  minutely  that  doubts  were  impossible. 
Another  factor  was  your  promptness  in  answering  my  telegrams,  of  which  I  sent  a 
few,  not  wishing  to  do  anything  without  your  approval. 

Among  my  enumerators  there  were  three  who  were  to  enumerate  the  country,  the 
one  of  Guasimas,  the  other  of  Varadero,  and  the  one  of  the  islets.  It  was  difficult 
for  me  to  communicate  my  orders  to  these  at  once,  but  I  made  use  of  messengers  and 
communicated  them.  The  enumerator  of  the  islets  is  seriously  ill  in  consequence  of 
the  rains,  because  only  on  account  of  dire  necessity  and  because  there  was  no  one 
else  there  I  was  obliged  to  take  him.  This  poor  young  man  I  do  not  believe  will  be 
saved. 

I  must  state  that  on  the  15th  of  October  I  was  sorry  to  learn  that  a  demonstration 
was  in  preparation  against  the  enumerators  who  had  come  from  Matanzas,  of  which 
I  was  informed  by  some  of  them.  I  believed  that  the  best  thing  to  do,  after  serious 
reflection  and  hearing  the  opinion  of  others,  was  to  apply  to  the  local  authorities, 
with  wffiom  wre  had  a  conference.  Their  prompt  orders  calmed  the  three  or  four  who 
were  influencing  the  rest,  and  on  the  16th  all  of  them,  without  exception,  began 
their  work,  which  I  had  the  pleasure  of  communicating  to  you  by  telegraph. 

The  progress  from  that  day  has  been  quiet,  wdth  the  exception  of  small  incidents 
with  some  unimportant  Spaniards,  the  importance  of  which  is  so  insignificant  that 
they  do  not  deserve  recounting.  The  enumerators  of  the  city  came  every  night  to 
my  house  and  gave  me  a  detailed  account  of  the  work.  I  revised  their  schedules, 
made  the  proper  corrections,  and  encouraged  them  to  keep  faith  with  you  and  to 
comply  with  the  daily  work  which  the  assistant  director  recommended.  I  must  here 
relate  a  fact  which  showTs  the  conscientiousness  of  the  persons  under  my  care  and 
direction.  The  necessity  of  increasing  the  number  of  enumerations,  and  the  notice 
which  they  saw — given  them  by  I  do  not  know  wrho — to  the  effect  that  you  had  sus¬ 
pended  several  enumerators  of  Matanzas  for  not  having  enumerated  a  sufficient  num¬ 
ber,  caused  great  dissatisfaction,  obliging  me  to  request  your  presence  by  telegraph. 
Your  arrival  calmed  them,  and  the  census  continued  without  any  hitch. 

Many  cases  wTere  submitted  to  me  of  families  enumerated  in  other  places,  which 
cases,  after  being  communicated  to  you,  were  favorably  decided  by  you,  always 
within  twelve  hours.  The  same  occurred  when  you,  at  the  request  of  the  supervisor 
of  Santa  Clara,  asked  for  the  enumeration  of  the  Arencibia  family.  Within  an  hour 
I  had  procured  the  information  from  the  proper  enumerator  and  had  answered  what 
was  necessary. 

The  good  will  and  the  intelligence  of  the  enumerators  made  my  work  simple. 
Thus  I  was  enabled  to  forward  every  five  days  a  recapitulation  by  telegraph  and  the 
reports  of  each  day  by  mail.  On  such  days  the  enumerators  would  assemble,  and 
the  sum  of  the  inhabitants,  houses,  estates,  and  animals  was  quickly  made,  and  it 
was  possible  for  me  to  forward  them  to  you.  Only  the  two  enumerators  of  the  coun¬ 
try  and  the  one  of  the  islets  did  not  come  punctually — due  to  their  distance  from 
here — being  put  back  one  or  two  days. 

As  a  proof  of  the  respect  they  commanded,  it  is  sufficient  to  state  that  the  police 
was  not  necessary  once,  and  that  the  ladies  were  respected  and  considered  on  all 
hands.  This  was  the  case  when,  in  connection  with  the  enumerator  of  the  islets,  I 
personally  visited  all  those  who  owned  vessels  in  order  to  secure  a  boat. 

I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  again  when  you  came  with  the  commission  to 
make  the  payments,  leaving  the  entire  personnel  grateful  for  your  kindness. 

I  conclude  in  stating  that  my  life  was  running  along  smoothly,  devoted  to  the  care 
of  my  parents  and  to  the  work  of  a  school,  when  you  called  me  to  a  new  occupation 
with  which  I  was  unacquainted.  And  I  to-day  am  aware  of  the  fact  that  the  battle 


668 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


for  existence  is  a  prerogative  of  humanity,  and  that  woman  can  and  must  support 
herself,  being  satisfied  with  myself,  and  even  more  so  for  having  satisfied  the  super¬ 
visor  who  honored  me. 

Cardenas,  December  14,  1899. 

Maria  Nunez  de  Villa vicencio, 

Enumerator  No.  54 . 

Claudio  Dumas, 

Supervisor  of  the  Census  of  the  Province  of  Matanzas 


APPENDIX  XIII. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


judicial  districts:  six. 


Municipal  district,  Habana. 


1 

Part  of 

2 

. do 

3 

. do 

4 

. do 

5 

. do 

C 

. do 

7 

. do 

8 

. do. 

9 

. do 

10 

. do 

11 

. do 

12 

. do 

13 

. do 

14 

. do 

15 

. do 

16 

. do 

17 

. do 

18 

. do 

19 

. do 

20 

. do 

21 

. do 

22 

. do 

23 

. do 

24 

. do 

25 

. do 

26 

. do 

27 

. do 

28 

. do. 

29 

. do 

30 

. do 

31 

. do 

32 

. do 

33 

. do 

. do 

85 

. do 

36 

. do 

37 

. do 

38 

39 

40 

. do 

41 

. do 

42 

. do 

43 

. do 

44 

45 

. do 

46 

. do 

47 

. do 

48 

. do 

49 

. do 

50 

51 

. do 

62 

53 

. do 

54 

Juan  M.  Gil  de  Leon. 

Francisco  Marti  Carrillo. 

Francisco  R.  Laguardia. 

Francisco  P.  Ricart. 

Francisco  Carvallo. 

Fabio  Freyre  y  Arango. 

Enrique  Herrera  G. 

Antonio  B&rzaga. 

Juan  M.  Yznaga. 

Antonio  Ordonez. 

Pedro  P&ris. 

Pedro  Elosequi  y  Diaz. 

Senorita  Mercedes  Padron. 

Senorita  Aurora  Armenteros  y  Orando. 
Juan  Romay. 

Juan  Hernandez. 

Ram6n  A.  Plasencia. 

Ygnacio  Lancia. 

Rafael  A.  de  Armas. 

Ricardo  Aguado. 

Oscar  Lopez  Munez. 

Agustin  Treto. 

Ramon  de  la  Villa. 

Enrique  Matheus. 

Do. 

Pedro  Forcade. 

Eloy  Diaz. 

Guillermo  Perez  de  Uterera. 

Ram6n  C.  Hernandez. 

Nestor  L.  Carbonell. 

Aurelio  Morales  v  D’ Lisle. 

Ramon  G.  Revollar  y  Paneda. 

R.  S.  Spencer. 

Gabriel  R.  Capote. 

Eduardo  S.  Rodriguez. 

Jos6  Viada. 

Alfredo  Ruiz. 

Gonzalo  de  C&rdenas. 

Alfredo  Presas. 

F.  Argilagos. 

Manuel  Romero. 

Juan  B.  Acosta. 

Jos6  Lean£s. 

Alfredo  Minguez. 

Alfredo  Brito  Cruzado. 

Ernesto  Cuervo  Eligio. 

Gustavo  M.  Alberty. 

Alberto  Diago  y  C&rdenas. 

Santiago  Auricb  y  Herrera. 

Manuel  C.  Cruz. 

Juan  F.  Machado  y  Hernandez. 
Matilde  Rodriguez. 

Pablo  M.  Esplujues. 

Jose  M.  Acosta. 


No. 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79  ; 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 


APPENDIX  XIII 


669 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HAB  AN  A— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

Designation. 

judicial  districts:  six — continued. 

Municipal  district,  Habana — Continued. 


Part  of  the  city  of  Habana 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 


Costo  A.  Rasco. 

Francisco  A.  Ragusa. 

Ricardo  Carreras. 

Fran  Pag6s. 

L.  D.  Acosta. 

Jorge  Luis  Silveria. 

Rafael  de  Cordova. 

Mariano  R.  Zayas. 

Augusto  G.  Menocal. 

Raoul  Arango. 

Francisco  G.  Yglesias. 

Angel  Gonzalez  y  Sanguily. 
Josd  Sariol  y  Vallejo. 

Segundo  Corvison. 

Manuel  J.  Garcia. 

Cecilio  Marrero. 

Francisco  R.  Laguardia. 

Julio  Martin  y  Lamy. 

Pedro  Pons  Puente. 

Angel  J.  Gonzalez  Sastre. 
Manuel  Andreu. 

Enrique  Napoles  Fajardo. 
Andr6s  R.  Navarrete. 

Josd  Leal. 

Ricardo  Ceballos. 

Josd  Lean6s. 

F.  Manito. 

Hortensia  Del  Monte. 

Ernesto  Jerez  Varona. 

Josd  Anton  y  Alcal£. 

Ernesto  Araoz. 

Sra.  Fermina  de  C&rdenas. 

Sra.  Victoria  A.  de  Gonzalez. 
Anto.  Aguiar. 

Enrique  Porto  y  Vandrelt. 
Luis  Lippi. 

Sra.  Leticia  Del  Monte. 
Ramon  de  la  Villa. 

Miguel  Ortiz  y  Carrillo. 

Sra.  Enriqueta  Riera. 
Leocadia  Avilas. 

Miguel  F.  de  Lara. 

Josd  M.  Munez. 

Manuel  de  Armas. 

Guillermo  M.Opancio. 
Guillermo  Canaleja. 

Ernesto  M.  Barbosa. 

Luis  C.  Dulzaides. 

Joaquin  Pardo  Suarez. 

Ramon  A.  Plasencia. 

Juan  Pl£  y  Lorenzo. 

Pedro  Grifol. 

Juan  B.  Acosta. 

Alfredo  Brito. 

Francisco  Lopez  y  Mayol. 
Francisco  R.  P.  Medialdea. 
Aurelio  Cdrdenas. 

Juan  Viv6  y  Cerdena. 

Sra.  Dolores  P.  de  Dominguez. 
Dionisio  Castro  Plans. 

Julian  V.  Sierra. 

Manuel  de  J.  Garcia. 

Josd  de  Toca. 

Miguel  Fernandez  y  Garcia. 
Manuel  Sueyras  y  Robert. 

Al.  Franca. 

Juan  L.  Rodriguez. 

Josd  A.  Perez. 

Manuel  de  Armes. 

Josd  Roca  y  Grifol. 

M.  Fernandez. 

Juan  Pomar. 

Domingo  S.  Garcia. 

Enrique  Trujillo. 

Mariano  Acosta. 


No. 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 

142 

143 

144 

145 

146 

147 

148 

149 

150 

151 

152 

153 

154 

155 

156 

157 

158 

159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174 

175 

176 

177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

185 

186 

187 

188 

1*9 

190 

191 

192 

193 

191 

195 

1% 

197 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


judicial  districts:  six— continued. 
Municipal  district,  Ilabana — Continued. 


Part  of  the  city  of  Habana. 
. do . 


.do . 
.  .do . 
.do . 
.do . 
.  .do . 
.do . 
.do  . 
,  .do . 
.  .do . 
.  .do . 
.  .do . 
..do . 
.  .do . 
..do  . 
.  .do . 
..do. 
.  .do . 
..do . 
..do . 
.  .do . 
..do. 
..do . 
.  .do  . 
.  .do . 
.  .do . 
..do  . 
.  .do  . 
.  .do  . 
.  .do . 
.  .do . 
.  .do  . 
.  .do  . 
..do  . 
.  .do . 
..do  . 
.  .do 
.  .do  . 
..do 
..do 
..do  , 
..do . 
..do . 
..do 
..do 
.  .do 
..do 
.  .do 
..do 


Firs'  part,  Arroya  Navanjo . . 
Second  part  Arroyo  Naranjo 

First  part  Calvario . 

Second  part  Calvario . 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  MARIANAO. 

Municipal  district,  Marianao. 

First  part  of  Puentes  Grande . 

Second  part  of  Puentes  Grande . 

Third  part  of  Puentes  Grande . 

First  part  of  Quemados . 

Second  part  of  Quemados . 

Third  part  of  Quemados . 

First  part  of  Cocoasolo . 

Second  part  of  Cocoasolo . 

First  part  of  Pocito . 

Second  part  of  Pocito . 

Lisa . 

Playa . 

Municipal  district,  liauta. 


Jorge  Entenza. 

Franco  de  E.  Pichardo. 
Jacinto  Chaple. 

Oscar  G.  de  los  Reyes. 

Josd  Mendez  y  Pdrez. 
Federico  de  la  Paz  y  Benitz. 
Luisa  Casado  de  Nobo. 
Joaquin  Hdvia. 

Francisco  Polo  y  Diaz. 

Josd  Noroiia. 

Sandalo  Noval. 

Serafin  de  Bolivar. 
Benjamin  Horscheck. 
Eduardo  Patterson. 

Aurelio  de  Cdrdenas. 

Josd  Valverdi  y  Losada. 
Guillermo  Molinet. 

C&rlos  Wegener. 

Josd  Martos. 

Gustavo  Alfonso. 

Nemo  Guillo. 

Francisco  Grave  de  Peralta. 
Alberto  Guilld. 

Juan  M.  Lamadrid. 

Emelid  Carrera. 

Franco  Carrillo  y  O’ Farrell. 
Josd  Cauvadi  y  Topete. 

Anto  Morejon  y  Capote. 

E.  Gonzalez  Acosta. 

Mariano  P.  Villalon. 

Franco  B.  Martinez. 

Juan  Pomar. 

Jorge  P.  Carridn. 

Manuel  Romero. 

Manuel  F.  Bolanos. 
Constantino  R.  Zayas. 
Fernando  S.  Amat. 
Francisco  L.  Mayol 
Gonzalo  Jorrin. 

Casto  A.  Rasco. 

Gustavo  Alfonso. 

Julio  Fabre. 

Juan  A.  Michelena. 

Luis  P.  de  Teran. 

Francisco  Polo  y  Diaz. 

Do. 

Josd  Alfonso. 

Miguel  Rodriguez. 

Emilia  de  Cordova. 

Gustavo  Gavaldd.. 

Anto.  J.  Marti. 

Pedro  Machado. 

Joaquin  Pardo  Suarez. 
Santiago  G.  Aranda. 


A.  A.  Martinez. 

Martin  Morgado. 
Francisco  P.  Pena. 

Pedro  Saiuz. 

Josd  A.  Yturrioz. 

Carlos  Quintero  Ybanez. 
Antonio  Ma  Ledn. 
Manuel  H.Sanabria. 
Miguel  Torriente. 

Pedro  R.  Alfaro. 

Carlos  Martin  y  Cruz. 
Pedro  Sainz. 


Hoyo  Colorado . 

Baracoa,  Anafe,  and  Coralillo 


A.  Santa  Ana. 

Ciirlos  Valdes  Rosas. 


i 


200 

201 

202 

203 

204 

205 

206 

207 

208 

209 

210 

211 

212 

213 

214 

215 

216 

217 

218 

219 

220 

221 

222 

223 

224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

231 

232 

233 

234 

235 

236 

237 

238 

239 

240 

241 


APPENDIX  XIII 


671 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Designation. 

Enumerators. 

judicial  district,  mariano— continued. 

Municipal  district,  Bauta — Continued. 

Guat4o  ana  San  Pedro . 

Punta  Brava  and  Cangrejeras . 

Punta  Brava  desde  Calle  de  Ybafios  nonos  el  Sur . 

Octavio  Portela. 

Tom4s  G.  Estrada. 

Gonzalo  de  Castroverde. 

Municipal  district,  El  Cano. 

El  Cano  y  Jaimanitos . 

Arroyo  Arenas . 

Wajay . 

Jose  H.  Hernandez. 

Adolfo  F.  Rodriguez, 

Carlos  Morales  y  Martin. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  GUANABACOA. 

Municipal  district,  Guanabacoa. 

Este  de  la  Asuncion  (ciudad  de  Guanabacoa) . 

First  part  de  Oeste  Asuncion  (ciudad  de  Guanabacoa)... 
Second  part  de  Oeste  Asuncion  (ciudad  de  Guana¬ 
bacoa). 

Este  de  San  Francisco . 

Oeste  de  San  Francisco . 

First  part  de  Cruz  Verde . 

Second  part  de  Cruz  Verde . 

Este  de  Corral  Falso . 

Oeste  de  Corral  Falso . 

Cojimar . 

Bacuranao  . 

Bacuranao  . 

San  Miguel  de  Padron . 

San  Francisco  de  Paula  y  Pepe  Antonio . 

Campo  Florida . 

Franc®  Bautista. 

Lutgarda  Arteaga. 

Franca  Gorrin  y  Llorens. 

Enrique  Rodriguez. 

Jos6  Escovedo. 

Martin  Rodriguez. 

Miguel  F.  Ventura. 

Guadalupe  Marty. 

Waldo  Gonzalez! 

D.  MontanOr. 

Jose  Martinez. 

Mariano  Puig. 

Jose  A.  Miyaya. 

Tom4s  Su4rez  Castilla. 

Oscar  Ferrer. 

Municipal  district,  Managua. 

Managua  (pueblo) . 

Domingo  Pablo,  Lechuga,  y  Ojo  de  Agua . 

Barreto,  Mazareno,  Canoa,  Ramos,  P14ta.no  y  Anilito _ 

Joaquin  de  la  Pezuela  y  Giroud. 
Ramiro  de  los  Santos. 

Gonzalo  del  Cristo. 

Municipal  district,  Regia. 

First  part  of  the  first  barrio . 

Second  part  of  the  first  barrio . 

Third  part  of  the  first  barrio . 

First  part  of  the  second  barrio . 

Second  part  of  the  second  barrio . 

First  part  of  the  third  barrio . 

Second  part  of  the  third  barrio . 

First  part  of  the  fourth  barrio . 

Second  part  of  the  fourth  barrio . 

Martin  Sanchez. 

A.  V.  Caneghem. 

Manuel  Ledo  y  Olivos. 

T.  Aguiar. 

Domingo  Toro. 

Jos6  Manuel  Blanco. 

Juan  F.  Eguileor. 

Luis  G.  Llorente. 

Orfilio  Muro  y  Garcia. 

Municipal  district,  Santa  Maria  del  Rosario. 

Pueblo  de  Santa  Maria  del  Rosario . 

First  part  of  San  Pedro  que  de  al  Sur  de  la  Curretera  de 
la  Habana  4  Giiines. 

Second  part  of  San  Pedro  que  de  al  Sur  de  la  Curretera 
de  la  Habana  4  Giiines. 

Capote,  Grillo,  Cambut6,  and  San  Antonio . 

Eduardo  Zamora. 

Juan  M.  Pons. 

Jos6  Pons. 

Manuel  Ma.  Rodriguez. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  JARUCO. 

Municipal  district,  Jarcuo. 

Pueblo  Plaza,  Comercio,  and  Cuartel . 

Maceo,  Garro,  Guaicanamar,  and  Tablas . 

Puenti,  Escaleria,  Peni,  Arroyo  Vuelto,  Trinidad,  Cas¬ 
tilla,  and  Santa  Barbara. 

Bocade,  Jarueo,  Guanabo,  Santa  Ana,  Cruz  del  Padre, 
Loma  Blanca,  Rincon,  Penas  Altas,  Justiz,  and  Campo 
Florida. 

Municipal  district,  Aguacatc. 

Joaquin  M.  Diaz. 

Pedro  Parra. 

Amado  Gonzales. 

Franco  Calderon. 

Pueblo  de  Aguaeate . 

Zabalita . 

Reloj  y  Compostizo . . 

Senorita  Ma.  AntonioM.de  Bolanos. 
Ramon  Castellanos. 

Gonzalo  Averhoff. 

672 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


242 

243 

244 


245 


246 

247 

248 

249 

250 


251 

252 


253 

254 

255 


256 

257 


258 

259 

260 
261 
262 

263 

264 

265 

266 

267 

268 

269 

270 

271 


272 

273 

274 

275 

276 

277 

278 

279 

280 
281 


282 

283 

284 


Enumeration  districts. 


Enumerators. 


Designation. 


judicial  district,  jaruco — continued. 


Municipal  district,  Bainoa. 


Bainoa  and  Santa  Cruz . 

Caraballo . 

Mamey  Duro  and  Reloj . 

Municipal  district,  Casiguas. 

Pueblo  de  Casiguas,  Armenteros,  Bainoa,  Don  Martin, 
and  Rancho  Viejo. 

Municipal  district,  Santa  Cruz  del  Norte. 

Pueblo  de  Jabicoa,  San  Juan  de  Dios,  y  San  Lorenzo . 

Pueblo  de  Santa  Cruz  del  Norte . . 

Pueblo  de  San  Antonio,  Ri6  Blanco,  and  Urban  of 
Yngenio,  Loteria. 

Rural  of  San  Antonia.  Rio  Blanco,  and  Yngenio,  Carmen. 
Barrios  ruralls  de  Correderas,  Carboneras,  La  Sierra,  San 
Matias  y  Soledad. 

Municipal  district,  San  Jose  de  las  Lajas. 

First  part  of  cabecera  of  San  Jos6  de  las  Lajas . 

First  part  of  second  part  of  cabecera  of  San  Jos£  de  las 
Lajas. 

Second  part  of  second  part  of  cabecera  of  San  Jos6  de 
las  Lajas  and  Portugalete,  y  Poblado  Cuatro  Camino. 

Cortilla,  and  Chavez  y  Managuaco . 

Jamaica,  y  Ganuza . 

Municipal  district,  Tapaste. 

Pueblo  de  Tapaste,  San  Andres,  y  Poblado  Cuatro 
Caminos. 

Barrios  rurales  de  Santa  Barbara  y  J&ula . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SAN  ANTONIO  DE  LOS  BA&OS. 

Municipal  district,  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. 

First  parte  de  norte  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos).. 
Second  parte  de  norte  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los 
Banos). 

First  parte  de  sur  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos) 
Second  parte  de  sur  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos).. 
First  parte  de  este  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos)  ... 
Second  parte  de  este  (city  of  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos)  . 

Chicharo . 

Santa  Rosa . 

Ouintana . 

Seborucal  . 

Govea  . 

Monjas . 

Valle . 

Armonia _ * . 

Municipal  district,  Alquizar. 

First  parte  de  first  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquizar) . 

Second  parte  de  first  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquizar) . 

First  parte  de  second  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquizar) . 

Second  parte  de  second  barrio  in  pueblo  (Alquizar) . 

Este  parte  de  Tumbadero . 

Oeste  parte  de  Tumbadero . . _ 

Palenque . 

Guanimar . 

La  Paz . 

San  AndrOs . 


Municipal  district,  Ceiba  del  Agua. 

Pueblo  de  Ceiba  del  Agua . 

Capellanias  La  Paz.  Palma  Picada  y  Palonino 
Virtudes  y  Chicharron . 


Geronimo  Nadal. 
Jose  M.  Roco. 
Nicolas  Rodriguez. 


Miguel  Mateo. 


Manuel  Vilaret. 
Francisco  Rooira. 
Antonio  Borjes. 

Jos6  J.  Brito. 

Jos6  Ruiz. 


Delfin  Dominguez. 
Esteban  Lopez. 

A.  T.  Mendez  Nunez. 

Evaristo  A.  Gonzalez. 
Arturo  Echezarreta. 


Abelardo  V.  Asya. 
Bernandino  Fernandez. 


Sra.  C61ia  de  Cyrera. 

Sra.  Clementina  Gispert  y  Garcia. 

Carmen  S.  Almeida. 

Sra.  Dolores  Gispert  Garcia. 

Tito  Yllera  y  Schmidt. 

Miguel  A.  Porto. 

F.  Fernandez  Cadenas. 

Mariano  Porto  Rivero. 

Juan  A.  Casanova  y  Valdes. 
Miguel  Francisco  Porto. 

Ramiro  V.  Hernandez. 

Francisco  F.  Sanchez. 

Francisco  Montero  Leal. 
Francisco  Vivanco. 


Alfredo  Y.  Amoedo. 

Juan  M.  Perez  de  Alderete. 
Hipdlito  Reyna. 

An.  Neguemela  y  Viera. 
Luis  Marquetti. 

Hipdlito  Reyna. 

Ricardo  Villaescusa. 
Enrique  M&rques. 

Di6nisio  R.  Lecuona. 
Alfredo  Y.  Amoedo. 


Man  J.  Acevedo. 
Avelino  Ybatao. 
Luis  B.  Sanchez. 


No. 

285 

286 

287 

288 

289 

290 

291 

292 

293 

294 

295 

296 

297 

298 

299 

300 

301 

302 

303 

304 

305 

306 

307 

308 

309 

310 

311 

312 

313 

314 

315 

316 

317 

318 

319 

320 

321 

322 

323 

324 

325 

326 

327 

328 

329 


APPENDIX  XIII 


673 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Designation. 

Enumerators. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SAN  ANTONIO  DE  LOS  BA$OS. 

• 

Municipal  district,  Giiira  de  Helena. 

Pueblo  de  Giiira  de  Melena,norte . 

Pueblo  de  Giiira  de  Helena,  sur . 

Jerez  . 

Tumbadero . 

Helena . 

Juribacoa . 

Gabriel . 

Cajio . 

Sibanacan  . 

Mario  Diaz  y  Mardretti. 

Francisco  Ede  Hevia. 

Miguel  D.  Rodriguez, 

Jose  Ygnacio  Leal. 

Enrique  Odriozola. 

Marcelino  Odriozola. 

Enrique  Odriozola. 

Gustavo  Diaz. 

Marcelino  Odriozola. 

Municipal  district,  Vereda  Nueva. 

Barrio  Norte . 

Barrio  Sur . 

Pedro  Sanchez  Chople. 

Juan  Manuel  Diaz. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  BEJUCAL. 

Municipal  district,  Bejucal. 

First  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) . 

Second  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) . 

Third  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) . 

First  part  of  the  fourth  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal) . 

Second  part  of  the  fourth  barrio  of  the  city  (Bejucal 
and  Piedras). 

J6sus  Maria,  Santa  Barbara,  Beltran,  Poveda,  Aguas 
Verdes,  and  Viaj&cas. 

Franco  Jener. 

Lorenzo  Garcia. 

Max  Agiiero. 

Placido  Hernandez. 

Armando  Comas. 

Manuel  Bocanegra. 

Municipal  district,  Batabano. 

First  parte  de  Surgidero . 

Second  parte  de  Surgidero . 

Third  parte  de  Surgidero . 

Fourth  parte  de  Surgidero . 

Batabano . 

Mayaguano . 

San  Agustin  and  Quintanal . 

Guanabo  . 

Distrito,  especial  islets  of  the  south  and  southwest . 

Bianlio  Delgado. 

Octavio  Delgado. 

Francisco  de  la  Paz. 

Generoso  C.  Marquetti. 

Enrique  Casuso. 

Wilfredo  Ferr&n. 

Carlos  Fonseca. 

Pablo  M.  Casuso. 

Pedro  Parra. 

Municipal  district,  Quivican. 

Pueblo  de  Quivican . 

Delicias  and  Arango . 

Jaiguan  and  Giiiro  Alarrero . 

Juan  Beiro. 

Franc®  Crisostomo. 

Manuel  Coipel. 

Municipal  district,  Santiago  de  las  Vegas. 

First  parte  de  norte  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas) . 

Second  parte  de  norte  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas)  . . . 

First  parte  de  sur  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas) . 

Second  parte  de  sur  (cuidad  Santiago  de  las  Vegas) . 

First  parte  de  Calabazar . 

Second  parte  de  Calabazar . 

Boveros . 

Dona  Maria . 

Rincon . 

Man1  Garbalosa. 

Arturo  Rodrigiuez. 

Ma.  del  C.  Sva.  Pelligero. 

Juan  Garbalosa. 

Enrique  de  Leon. 

Carlos  G.  Gayton. 

Jos6  Mikleff. 

Juan  F.  dez  de  Cossio. 

Teodoro  Cabrera. 

Municipal  district,  La  Salud. 

Paletas  . 

Piedras,  Chicharron,  and  Buenaventura . 

Villarreal,  Gabriel,  Giiiro  de  Bonigal . 

Ledo  A.  L.  Navarro. 

Manuel  Dorta. 

Gumessuido  Cabrera 

Municipal  district,  San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas. 

Pueblo  y  Ri6  Blanco . 

Jano,and  San  Jos6  de  Veitia  y  Concepcion . 

Jos6  Hernandez. 

Andres  Cabrera. 

Municipal  district,  San  Felipe. 

Pueblo  de  San  Felipe . 

Aguacate . 

24662  43 

Jos6  V.  Garcia. 

Luis  Peraza. 

674 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  HABANA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


330 

331 

332 


333 

334 

335 

336 

337 

338 

339 

340 

341 

342 


343 

344 


345 

346 

347 

348 


349 

350 

351 


352 

353 

354 

355 

356 

357 

358 

359 


360 

361 

362 

363 


364 

365 


366 


judicial  district,  bejucal — continued. 

Municipal  district ,  Ysla  de  Pinos. 

Nueva  Gerona,  y  Sierra  de  Casas  y  Sierra  de  Caballas. . . . 

Santa  Fe . 

Cuchilla  Alta,  Caleta  Grande  y  Carboneras . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  GtllNES. 

Municipal  district,  Giiines. 

First  part  of  the  first  district  of  Giiines  y  Rubio . 

Second  part  of  the  first  district  of  Giiines  y  Cruz . 

First  part  of  the  second  district  of  Giiines . 

Second  part  of  the  second  district  of  Giiines . 

First  part  of  the  third  district  of  Giiines . 

Second  part  of  the  third  districtof  Giiines  y  Llamaraguas. 

Fourth  district  of  Giiines . 

Candela  Sur,  Candela  Norte  y  Guanajo . 

Candela  Baja,  San  Pedro  y  San  Julian . 

Nombrede  Dios . ! . 

Municipal  district,  Catalina. 

Catalina  Norte  (Pueblo  de),  Lechugas,  Encarnacion, 
Ocano  y  San  Bias. 

Pueblo  de  Catalina  Sur,  San  Marcos,  Alderete,  San  Jos6 
y  Combre. 

Municipal  district,  Madruga. 

Este  de  la  Pueblo . 

Oeste  de  la  Pueblo  y  Ytabo . 

Cayajabos  and  Sabana  de  Robles . 

Concordia  San  Bias,  and  Majagua . 

Municipal  district,  Melena  del  Sur. 

First  part  de  Pueblo . 

Second  part  de  Pueblo  y  Costa . 

Lechugas,  San  Julian  y*Charcas . 

Municipal  district,  Nueva  Paz. 

First  part  of  Pueblo  Nueva  Paz . 

Second  part  of  Pueblo  Nueva  Paz . 

Bagaez  . 

Pueblo  de  Palos . 

Rural  de  Palos  al  Norte . 

Rural  de  Palos  al  Sur . 

First  part  of  Vegas . 

Second  part  of  Vegas . . . . . . 

Municipal  district,  San  Nicolds. 

Pueblo  y  Jobo . 

Paradero  and  Gabriel . !...!!!!!!!! 

Babiney, Prieto, y  Caimito . . . 

Barbudo . 


Municipal  district,  Guara. 

Pueblo  and  Navio . 

Bayamo, Ruiz, Ponce, and  Costa...".’."!.'.* 

Municipal  district,  Piplan. 

Pipian  (town),  El  Jobo, Saldivar,  y  Corral 


Enumerators. 


Jos6  S.  Amat. 
Claudio  Diaz. 
Narciso  Carcases. 


Rafael  H.  Tanes. 
Maximo  Fernandez. 
Ygnacio  Pizarro. 

Juan  Pacheco  Gomez. 
Pedro  Nunez  y  Nunez. 
Francisco  J.  Castellanos. 
Federico  Zervig&n. 
Aurelis  Graco. 

J.  M°  Ortega. 

Carlos  Figuerado. 


Enrique  Alvarez. 
Rafael  Lopez. 


Clara  M.  Pardenas. 
Antonio  Galeano. 
Armando  Fernandez. 
Alberto  Pozo. 


Marcos  D.  Gonzalez. 
Jos6  Perez. 

Juan  Gastdn. 


Jos6  Nogueira. 
Cornelio  Bosquet. 
Bernadino  Pachdn. 
Gregorio  Venero. 
Antonio  M»  Perdomo. 
Antonio  Ma  Peulomo. 
Obddlio  Marrero. 
Luis  A.  D6chard. 


Aurelio  Mulkay. 
Luis  Medel. 
Antonio  Rivas. 
Miguel  Troya. 


Rufo  Lopez. 
Firmiro  Alfonso. 


Agustin  Fernandez. 


No, 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 


APPENDIX  XIII 


675 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Enumerators. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  MATANZAS. 


Municipal  district,  Canasi. 

First  partede  la  distrito  norte . 

Second  partede  la  distrito  norte  v  de  la  distrito  sur 
Third  partede  la  distrito  norte  y  de  la  distrito  sur  . 

3funicipal  district,  Guamacaro. 

First  part  of  Limonar . 

Second  part  of  Limonar . 

Third  part  of  Limonar . 

Fourth  part  of  Limonar . 

Fifth  part  of  Limonar . 

Sixth  part  of  Limonar . 

First  part  of  Caobas  y  Canimar . 

Second  part  of  Caobas  y  Canimar . 

Sumidero  y  San  Miguel . 

Guamacaro . 

Coliseo . 


Municipal  district,  Santa  Ana. 

First  part  of  the  district . 

Second  part  of  the  district . 

Third  part  of  the  district . 

Fourth  part  of  the  district . 

Fifth  part  of  the  district . 

Municipal  district,  Matanzas. 

Part  of  the  city  of  Matanzas . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

- do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

— do . 

_ do . 

- do . 

- do . 

_ do . 

- do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . * . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Asylums,  hospitals,  and  convents . 

First  part  of  Seiba  Mocha . 

Second  part  of  Seiba  Mocha  y  San  Francisco  de  Paula  . . 
Third  part  of  Seiba  Mocha  y  San  Francisco  de  Paula. . . . 

Yumuri . 

Quarto  (Corral  Nuevo) . 

First  part  of  Cumbre  y  Bacunayagua . 

Second  part  of  Cumbre  y  Bacunaygua . 

Guanabana . 

Arroyo  la  Vieja  v  Campana . 

Canimar  y  Paso  Seco .  . 

Camarioca . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  CARDENAS. 

Municipal  district,  Cardenas. 

Part  of  city  of  Cardenas . 

_ do . 


Gonzalo  S.  Hernandez. 
Marcos  Roig. 

Francisco  M.  Diaz. 


Asuncion  Garcia. 
Jos6  Jordan. 

Aurelio  Garcia. 
Francisco  Gonzalez. 
Aurelio  Garcia. 
Eduardo  L.  Booth. 
Luciano  Macias. 
Francisco  Gonzales. 
Eduardo  L.  Booth. 
Ramon  Llanos. 
Antonio  de  Leon. 


Pedro  Espinosa. 
Jos6  M.  Espinosa. 
Carlos  Grima. 
Solomon  Escariz. 
Manuel  Martinez, 


Genoveva  Del  Monte. 

Ana  Josefa  Domenech. 

Maria  Fernandez  y  Soto. 
Maria  J.  Herrara. 

Regina  Lanigan. 

Maria  Polio. 

Maria  L.  Perez. 

Rosario  L.  de  Casado. 
Consuelo  Menendez. 

Lia  Andux. 

Angela  Hernandez. 

Domingo  Lamadriz. 

Eduardo  Garcia. 

Mercedes  Alfonso  y  Quintero. 
Ambrosio  Lamadriz. 

Carmela  Vinageras. 

Antonio  Caballero. 

Enriquita  Alsina. 

Luis  Rodriguez  y  Hernandez. 
Ramon  G.  de  la  Maza. 

Maria  R.  Herdandez. 
Francisco  Y.  Huan. 

Ramon  Rivero. 

Maria  Serrate. 

Rosario  L.  de  Casado. 
Enriquita  Alsina. 

Maria  Fernandez. 

Luis  Rodriguez  y  Hernandez. 
Consuelo  Menendez. 

Maria  Serrate. 

Rosario  Rodriguez. 

Gabriel  Villada. 

Ramon  Menendez. 

Pedro  Borrell. 

Emiliano  Moreno. 

Eduardo  Campuzano. 

Jos6  Nunez. 

Bandilio  Piqu<§. 

Pedro  Y.  Acevedo. 

Felix  Campuzano. 

Nicolas  Lamadriz. 


Maria  Beoto. 
Vincente  Font. 


No 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


judicial  district,  cardexas — continued. 
Municipal  district,  Cardenas — Continued. 


Enumer. 


Part  of  city  of  Cardenas . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Cantel  y  Gu£simas . 

_ do  . . 

Varadero  y  Siguapo . . 

Municipal  district,  Carlos  Rojas. 

Tosca . . 

East  part  of  Carlos  Rojas . . 

Second  part  of  Carlos  Rojas . . 

Conformidad  y  Alcancia . . 

West  part  of  Carlos  Rojas . 

Municipal  district,  Marti. 

First  part  of  Marti . . 

Guamutas  Marti . 

Second  part  of  Marti . 

Third  part  ot  Marti . . 

Guamutas . . 

Ytabo  Lacret . . 

Motenibo . 

Teja . 

Rio  la  Palma . . 


Manuel  M.  Martinez. 

Josefa  Smith. 

Fredo  Torret. 

Maria  Munez  de  Villa  vicencio  y  Garcia. 
Pablo  Ochoa. 

Piedad  Andux. 

Catalina  Rodriquez. 

Elvira  Parra viani. 

Francisco  Vego  y  Gomez. 

George  G.  Deetjens. 

Anibal  Duarte. 

Jos6  R.  Verdura. 

Manuel  Cardona. 

Lisando  Sosa. 

Josefa  Smith. 

Piedad  Andux. 

Manuel  M.  Martinez. 

Lisando  Sosa. 

Do. 

Ambrosio  Garcia. 

Rosa  Diaz  Argiielles. 

Luis  Moynelo. 


Martin  Gonzales. 
Dolores  Ferrera. 
Nicolas  Gonzales. 
Francisco  Nodarse. 
Rosario  Ortega. 


Pedro  Lanigan. 
Fernando  Yradier. 
Felina  Pardomo. 
Alfredo  Haedo. 
Vincente  Lopez. 
Miguel  Haedo. 
Enrique  N.  Bolanos. 
Fernando  Yradier. 
Pablo  Perez. 


Municipal  district,  Maximo  Gomez. 

First  part  of  Maximo  Gomez . 

First  part  of  Rancho  del  Medio . 

Sabanilla  de  la  Palma . 

Altamisal . 

Second  part  of  Rancho  del  Medio . 

Second  part  of  Maximo  Gomez . 

Third  part  of  Maximo  Gomez . 


Juan  M.  Jatirs. 

J.  Otero. 

Jose  Parenzuela. 
Octavio  Barrelo. 
Marcos  Andreu. 

N.  Lamadriz. 

Jos6  V.  Parenzuela. 


Municipal  district,  Jovellanos. 


First  part  of  San  Jos6 . 

Second  part  of  San  Jos6 . 

Third  part  of  San  Jos£ . . . 

Fourth  part  of  San  Jos6 . 

Fifth  part  of  San  Jos6 . 

Sixth  part  of  San  Jost* . 

Seventh  part  of  San  Josd . 

First  part  of  Asuncion . 

Second  part  of  Asuncion . 

Third  part  of  Asuncion . 

Fourth  part  of  Asuncion . 

Fifth  part  of  Asuncion . 

Realcnzo . 

Municipal  district,  Mendez  Capote. 


Ramiro  Gispert. 

J.  M.  Ximeno. 

Manuel  M.  Domenecli. 
Antonio  Sotolongo. 

J.  M.  Ximeno. 

Pedro  Magrina. 
Antonio  Sotolongo. 
Adela  del  Pino. 
Caridad  Prado. 

Do. 

Miguel  Carratalsi. 
Manuel  M.  Domenech. 
Pedro  Magrina. 


First  part  of  Langunillas . '  Antolin  Mendez. 

Second  part  of  Langunillas . j  Adolfo  Gonzales. 

First  part  of  Contreras . I  Julian  Escalona. 


Los  Cayos  (The  Keys),  all  north  of  judicial  district  of  i  Francisca  Mari. 
Cardenas. 


No. 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 

142 

143 

144 

145 

146 

147 

148 

149 

150 

151 

152 

153 

154 

155 

156 

157 

158 

159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174 

175 

176 

177 

178 

179 


APPENDIX  XIII. 


677 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS— Continued. 


Enumeration  district 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  ALACRANES. 

Municipal  district,  Alacranes. 

First  part  of  Estante . 

First  part  of  Alacranes  (east) . 

Second  part  of  Alacranes  (west) . 

Third  part  of  Alacranes  (east)  . 

Second  part  of  Estante . 

Third  part  of  Estante . 

Fourth  part  of  Alacranes  (west)  . 

Fifth  part  of  Alacranes  (east) . 

Galeoncito . 


Municipal  district,  Bolondron. 

First  part  of  Bolondron . 

Second  part  of  Bolondron . . 

Third  part  of  Bolondron . 

First  part  of  Giiira . 

Second  part  of  Giiira . . 

First  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo . 

Second  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo  . . 

Third  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo _ 

Fourth  part  of  Tienda  Nueva  y  Gonzalo  . . 

Las  Piedras  y  Manuel  Alvarez . 

Lucia . 

Galeon . 


Municipal  district,  Cabezas. 

First  part  of  Cabezas . 

Second  part  of  Cabezas . 

Magdalena . 

Bija . 

Vieja  Bermeja . 

Lima . 


Municipal  district,  Union  de  Reyes. 

First  part  of  Yglesia  (urban) . 

Second  part  of  Yglesia  (urban) . 

Third  part  of  Yglesia  (urban) . 

Fourth  part  of  Yglesia  (urban) . 

Fifth  part  of  Yglesia  (rural ) . 

Sixth  part  of  Yglesia  (rural) . 

Seventh  part  of  Yglesia  (rural) . 

Pueblo  Nuevo . 


Municipal  district,  Sabanilla. 

Sabanilla . 

Rio  de  Auras . 

Palma . 

Canimar . 

Monde  jar . 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  COLON. 

Municipal  district.  Colon. 

Part  of  city  of  Colon . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . . 

— do . 

- do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Calimeta . 

First  part  of  Amarillas . 

Second  part  of  Amarillas . 

Municipal  district,  Cuevitas. 

First  part  of  Pueblo  de  Cuevitas . 

Second  part  of  Pueblo  de  Cuevitas . 

First  part  of  Venturilla . 

Second  part  of  Venturilla . 

Jabaco . 

Asiento . 


Enumerators. 


Juan  Jos6  de  Leon. 
Dolores  Junco. 

Rosario  de  Fuentes. 
Arturo  Rivas. 

Leanardo  J.  Figueroa. 
Arturo  Rivas. 

Emilia  Rodriguez  Lara. 
Juan  Quintana. 

Lazaro  Bango. 


Carlos  Herrara  y  Artiles. 
Maria  T.  Olano. 

Celia  Tarafa. 

Caridad  Llima. 

America  Hernandez. 

J.  Magier  Tarafa. 

Carlos  Herrara  y  Artiles. 
Celia  Tarafa. 

America  Hernandez. 

Perez  Diaz. 

Jos6  M.  Guedes. 

Juan  S.  Diaz  y  Hernandez. 


Eloisa  Garcia  y  Bolano. 
Francisco  Suarez. 

Eladio  Guzman. 

Francisco  Suarez. 
Eldemiro  Gonzales  Ramos. 
J  usto  Penichet, 


Pedro  Lamadriz. 
Clarisa  Roig. 

Sofia  Blanco. 

Pedro  Lamadriz. 
Jos6  Nunoz. 

Antonio  Margue. 
Jos6  Nunoz. 

Gabriel  M.  Quesada. 


Etelvina  Sanchez, 
Antonio  Martel. 
Enrique  Astolfl. 
Ygnacio  S.  Quiros 
Marcos  Espinosa. 


Julian  F.  Ramero. 
Otilia  Miravet. 

Rita  Garcia. 

M.  Marquette. 
Fermin  Aguirre. 
Manuel  Michelena. 
Aurelio  Lugo. 
Victor  de  Armas. 
Aurelio  Andress. 
Angel  Baluja. 
Aurelio  Lugo. 


Matilde  M.  Fangul. 

Mateo  Fernandez  y  Torres. 
Jos6  R.  Benavidas. 

Jos6  Menendez. 

Ricardo  Perez. 

IiamOu  Gonzalez. 


678 


REPORT  OK  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS — Continued. 


No. 


180 

181 

182 

183 

184 


185 

186 

187 

188 

189 

190 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

196 

197 

198 


199 

200 
201 
202 

203 

204 

205 

206 

207 

208 

209 

210 


211 

212 

213 

214 

215 


216 

217 

218 

219 

220 
221 
222 
223 


224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

231 


232 

233 

234 
286 

236 

237 

238 

239 


Enumeration  districts. 


Enumerators. 


Designation. 


judicial  district,  colon— continued. 


Municipal  district,  Macagua. 

Arabos . 

Macagua . 

First  part  of  San  Pedro  de  Mayabdn . 

Second  part  of  San  Pedro  de  Mayab6n. . . . 
Monte  Alto . . . 


Municipal  district,  Macuriges. 

First  part  of  Corral  Falso . 

Second  part  of  Corral  Falso . 

Third  part  of  Corral  Falso . 

Fourth  part  of  Corral  Falso . 

Ciego . 

Punta  Brava . 

Rio  Blanco . 

Platanal . 

Batalla . 

Navajas . 

Tramojos . 

First  part  of  Linche . 

Second  part  of  Linche . 

Claudio . 


Municipal  district,  Palmillas. 


Part  of  Manguito . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Part  of  Jacan . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Part  of  Cumanayagua. 

_ do . 

Sabanilla  de  Guareiras 

Part  of  Pamillas . 

- do . 


Municipal  district,  Perico. 

First  part,  south . 

Second  part,  north . 

Third  part,  north . 

First  part  of  Altamisal . 

Second  part  of  Altamisal . 

Municipal  district,  Roque. 

Part  of  Coabillas . 

Qunitana  y  Tomeguin . 

First  part  of  the  pueblo . 

Second  part  of  the  pueblo . 

Guamajales  . 

Part  of  Mostacilla . 

_ do . 

Part  of  Coabillas . 

Municipal  district,  San  Jose  de  los  Ramos. 

Part  of  San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos . 

. do . 

Part  of  San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos  y  part  of  Banaguises 

Part  of  San  Jos6  de  los  Ramos . 

Part  of  Banaguises . 

_ do . 

Agiiica . 

Part  of  Banaguises . 

Municipal  district,  Jagiiey  Grande. 

Part  of  Jagiiey  Grande . 

_ do . 

Part  of  Lopez . 

_ do . 

Gallardo . 

Sinvi . 

Ruvira . 

La  Cienega . 


Maximo  Casada. 
Tori  bio  Santurio. 
Jacinto  Magin. 

A.  Salado. 

Rafael  Benemelis. 


Jos6  M.  Ortega. 

Ynez  Ponce  Roque. 
Aquilina  Sanchez. 
Juan  F.  Aloy. 
Guadalupe  CarrandA 
Antonio  J.  Sanchez. 
Francisco  Olano. 
Andres  Tarrero. 
Domingo  Ponce. 
Marcos  Diaz. 

Evaristo  H.  Piedro. 
Juan  F.  Aloy. 

Jos6  M.  Ortega. 
Rogelio  Roque. 


Mercedes  C.  Rousselot. 

Luis  Felipe  Cabrera  y  Espinosa. 
Enrique  Ramos. 

Marcos  Diaz  Fernandez. 
Antonio  Rodriguez. 

Juan  Sanchez. 

Luis  Felipe  Cabrera  y  Espinosa. 
Maria  R.  de  Armas. 

Luis  Muni. 

Ysaac  Cabrera. 

Francisco  Quian. 

Luis  Felipe  Cabrera  y  Espinosa 


Mercedes  Calvo. 
Antonio  Lima. 
Pedro  Yglesias. 
Ramon  Bon. 
Pedro  Arrietta. 


Adolfo  Sillar. 

Jos6  Maynoldi. 

Rosa  C.  Ybarra. 
Brigido  Amador. 
Ramon  Santa  Marina. 
Antonio  Acevedo. 
Jos6  Maynoldi. 

Firso  Nunoz. 


Josefa  Alvarez  Galvani. 
Jos6  P.  Arburua. 

Juan  Alvarez  Cerice. 
Eduardo  R.  Volera. 
Mercedes  Ramos. 

Julio  Hernandez. 
Joaquin  Enriques. 
Ramon  Pingpalat. 


Eugenio  I.  Galvaz. 
Conrado  Ruiz. 
Alfredo  M.  Dally. 
Conrado  Ruiz. 
Angel  Leal. 
Manuel  Volta. 
Rafael  Jordan. 
Sixto  Agramonte. 


No 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 


APPENDIX  XIII 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PINAR  DEL  RIO. 

Municipal  district,  Pinar  del  Rio. 

Part  of  the  city  of  Pinar  del  Rio . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

First  part  of  Ysabel  Maria . 

Second  part  of  Ysabel  Maria . 

First  part  of  Sumidero . 

Second  part  of  Sumidero . 

First  part  of  Cabezas . 

Second  part  of  Cabezas . 

First  part  of  Fairones . 

Second  part  of  Fairones . 

Third  part  of  Fairones . 

First  part  of  Rio  Sequito . 

Second  part  of  Rio  Sequito . 

Rio  Feo . 

Guayabo  . 

Paso  Viejo . 

First  part  of  Ovas . 

Second  part  of  Ovas . 

First  part  of  Marcos  Vazquez . 

Second  part  of  Marcos  Vazquez . 

First  part  of  Cangre . 

Second  part  of  Cangre . 

Third  part  of  Cangre . 

San  Jos6 . . . 


Municipal  district,  Consolacion  del  Norte. 

La  Palma  and  Rio  de  Puercos . 

Rio  Blanco  and  Arroya  Maranjo . . 

Vegas  Nueavas . 

La  Jagua . 

Berracos . 

Caiguanabo . 

San  Andres . 

Las  Puentes . 


Enumerators. 


Franco  Urrutia. 

Angel  Coloma. 

Nilo  Caso  Luengo. 
Bernando  de  la  Rianda. 
Evangelina  Aymerick 
Pedro  Pablo  Pequeno. 
Julian  Rodriguez. 
Alfonso  Amado. 

Felipe  Baron. 

Adolfo  Menor. 

Tomas  Estellez. 

Miguel  Valdez. 

Miguel  Pereda. 

Sixto  Cruz. 

Jos6  Ma.  Sanchez. 
Ygnacio  Medrano. 
Amado  Baylina. 

Jos6  Manuel  Pequeno. 
Aurelio  Gravier. 
Antonio  Raimat. 
Antonio  Valdez  Gil. 
Enrique  Tellez. 

Gonzalo  Jordan. 

Miguel  Diaz. 

Jos6  Maria  Nieto. 
Alberto  Gomez. 

Enrique  Sanchez. 
Augusto  Fornaguera. 


Rafael  Valle. 

Julio  Avendano. 
Ynez  Borrego. 

Juan  Rueda. 

Lucio  Garcia. 

Jorje  Arrastia. 
Benito  Salazar. 
Manuel  Fernandez. 


Municipal  district,  Consolacion  del  Sur. 

First  part  of  Villa,  Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Second  part  of  Villa,  Consolacion  del  Sur . 

Rio  Hondo . 

San  Pablo  y  Camarones . 

Horcones . 

Colmenar  and  Hato  Quemado . 

Lena . 

Pilotes . 

Naranji  and  Caimitos . 

Santa  Clara . 

Lajas  and  Caperuza . 

Alonzo  Rojas . 

Municipal  district,  San  Juan  y  Martinez. 

First  part  of  San  Juan . 

Second  part  of  San  Juan . 

First  part  of  Martinez . 

Second  part  of  Martinez . 

Galafre  and  Guillen . 

Rio  Seco . 

Arroyo  Hondo . 

Lagunillas . 

First  part  of  Luis  Lazo . 

Second  part  of  Luis  Lazo . 

Third  part  of  Luis  Lazo . 

Fourth  part  of  Luis  Lazo . 

Municipal  district,  San  Luis. 

First  part  of  San  Luis . 

Second  part  of  San  Luis . 

First  part  of  Barbacoa . 


Gonzales  G.  Govantes. 
Enrique  Martinez. 
Gregorio  Alonso. 

Juan  Carrion. 

Jos6  Miro. 

Francisco  Alonso. 
Ramon  Mas. 

Juan  M.  Alcalde. 
Auturo  Pino. 

Manuel  Pino. 
Salvador  Valdes. 

Jos6  Rios. 


Gillermo  Ybaiiez. 

Ramon  Amado. 

Jos6  Veytes. 

Amado  Canal. 

Ramon  Amado. 

Severo  Guerra. 

Carlos  Sanchez. 

Luis  Lopez  Marin. 

L.  L.  de  la  Vega. 

Rogelio  Gonzalez  y  Sanguily. 
Alberto  Vald<Ss. 

M6nico  P.  Remedios. 


Jos6  Eulogio  Quintana. 
Pedro  Marquez  Rivas. 
Do. 


680  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PINAR  DEL  RIO— continued. 

Municipal  district,  San  Luis — Continued. 


64 

65 

66 

67 

68 
69 


70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 
81 
82 
83 


Second  part  of  Barbacoa 

Rio  Seco . 

Firado . 

Barrigonas . 

Llanada . 

Palizadas . 


Municipal  district,  Vinales. 

First  part  of  San  Cayetano . 

Second  part  of  San  Cayetano . 

Rosario . 

San  Vincente . 

Anc6n . 

Pueblo . 

First  part  of  Laguna  de  Piedra . 

Second  part  of  Laguna  de  Piedra . 

Yabal . 

Albino . 

Santa  F6 . 

Cuajani . 

Cayos  de  San  Felipe . 

Saiito  Tomas . 


Abelardo  Cruz. 

Angel  Cainas. 

Luis  Felipe  Dominquez. 
Jamie  Michelena. 
Enrique  Sanchez. 
Daniel  Padron. 


Sabino  Alandi. 

Luis  Planes. 

Rosendo  Guiterrez. 
Angel  Quevedo. 
Piedro  Viera. 

Ricardo  Madan. 
Miguel  Lazaro. 
Bernardo  Fernandez. 
Angel  Cainas. 
Robustiano  Cotarelo. 
Manuel  Llinas. 
Eduardo  Chirino. 
Ricardo  Raymat. 
Andres  Hernandez. 


84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 


92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 
100 
101 
102 

103 

104 


105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 


111 

112 

113 

114 

115 


116 

117 

118 
119 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  GUANE. 

Municipal  district,  Mantua. 

Mantua  and  Montezuelo . 

Guayabo  and  L&zaro . 

Arroyos  and  Santa  Ysabel . 

Santa  Maria  and  San  Jos6 . 

Cabezas  and  La  Ceja . 

First  part  of  Baja . 

Second  part  of  Baja . 

Third  part  of  Baja . 

Municipal  district,  Guane. 

Guane . 

Paso  Real  and  Catalina . 

Juan  Gomez . 

Portales  and  Feneria . 

Punta  de  la  Sierra  and  Las  Acostas . 

Sabalo  and  Trinidad  and  Santa  Teresa . 

Grifa . 

Cartes  and  Serranos . 

First  part  of  Remates . 

Second  part  of  Remates . 

Third  part  of  Remates . 

Martinas . 

Cabo  de  San  Antonio  . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SAN  CRISTOBAL. 

Municipal  district,  San  Cristobal. 

San  Cristobal . 

Sitio  Herrera . 

Minas  and  Rio  Hondo . 

Mayari,  first  and  second . 

First  part  San  Cruz  de  los  Pinos . 

Second  part  San  Cruz  de  los  Pinos . 

Municipal  district,  Candelaria. 

Bayate,  Puerto  Rico,  and  San  Juan  del  Norte  . 
San  Juan  de  Barracones,  Miracielos,  and  Frias 

Carambola,  Lomas,  and  Rio  Hondo . 

Pueblo . 

Las  Mangas . 

Municipal  district,  Los  Palacios. 

Los  Palacios . 

Macuriges . 

Sierra  Santo  Domingo  and  Limones . 

Toro  and  Bacumaguas . 


Rafael  Quintana. 
Ricardo  Fors. 
Manuel  Quintana. 
Augusto  Fors. 
Celestino  P.  Rubio, 
Miguel  Cofino. 
Francisco  Vinas. 
Enrique  Montoto. 


Jos6  Mateo  Quintero. 
Pedro  Rubio. 

Luis  Rubio. 

Arnulfo  Cartaya. 

Pablo  Llaguno. 

Franco  Armenteros. 
Juan  Franco  Pimiento. 
German  Garcia. 
Manuel  Famadas. 
Daniel  Perez. 

Pedro  Rubio. 

Vincente  Santo  Maria. 
Venturo  Gonzalez. 


Gustavo  Soldevilla. 
Luis  Quintana. 
Luis  Quintana. 
Alfredo  Villar. 
Arturo  Diaz  y  Diaz. 
Lucas  Ponzoiia. 


Augustin  Sotolongo 
Ambrosio  Sotolongo. 
Arturo  Saenz. 
Gabriel  Santa  Cruz. 
Juan  Sanchez. 


Francisco  Goenaga 
Gillermo  Goenaga. 
Tomas  Marrero. 
Gillermo  Goenaga. 


APPENDIX  XIII. 


681 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  PINAR  DEL  RIO— Continued. 


No. 


120 

121 

122 


123 

124 

125 


126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 


134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 

142 


143 

144 

145 


146 

147 

148 

149 


150 

151 

152 


153 

1.54 

155 

156 

157 

158 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


judicial  district,  san  Cristobal — continued. 


Municipal  district ,  Julian  Diaz. 

Julian  Diaz  and  Palacios . 

Santa  Monica  and  Guajiro . 

Herradura  and  Ceja  de  la  Herradura . 


Manuel  Fernandez  Fijuena. 
Anibal  Fernandez. 

Juan  Valdes  y  Garcia. 


Municipal  district ,  San  Diego  de  los  Banos. 


Pueblo  Catalina  and  Arra  bales . 

Arroyo  Colorado,  Carabello,  and  Palacios  . . 
Soledad,  Herradura,  Legna,  and  Guira . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  GUANAJAY. 
Municipal  district,  Guanajay. 


Pedro  Portela. 
Lucas  Ponzoa. 
Augusto  Marrero. 


First  part  of  Norte  de  Guanajay. . . 
Second  part  of  Norte  de  Guanajay 

First  part  of  Sur  de  Guanajay . 

Second  part  of  Sur  de  Guanajay  . . 

Santa  Ana . 

San  Jos6 . 

San  Francisco . 

Cabriales . 


Ricardo  Yfiiquez. 
Jose  R.  Hernandez. 
Jose  Perez  Arocha. 
Concepcion  Cruz. 
Enrique  Rojas. 
Aguileo  Azcuy. 
Miguel  Munoze. 
Ricardo  Hernandez. 


Municipal  district,  Artemisa. 

First  part  of  Artemisa  (urban) . 

Second  part  of  Artemisa  (urban)  . 

Third  part  of  Artemisa  (rural) . 

Canas . 

Puerta  de  la  Guira . 

Capellamias . 

Virtudes . 

Dolores . 

Cayajabos . 


Eduardo  Yglesias. 
Ricardo  Triguez. 
Clemente  Rodriguez. 
R.  de  Villaescusa. 
Eduardo  Llerena. 
Juan  Romen. 
Arcadio  Robert. 

Jos6  Maria  Santiago. 
Venancio  Valde's. 


Municipal  district,  Balua  Honda. 

Bahia  Honda  and  Aguacate . 

San  Miguel  and  Manimani . 

Corralillo  and  Mulata . 


Manuel  Gravier  Quinones. 
Felix  Quintana. 

Carlos  M.  Otero. 


Municipal  district,  Cabanas. 

Pueblo  and  San  Miguel . 

Conchita  and  Delicias . 

First  Vigia,  San  Ramon,  and  Ceiba . 

Second  Vigia,  San  Ramon,  and  Ceiba . 

Municipal  district,  Guayabal. 


Caimito . 

Guyabal  and  Banes 
Quintana . 


Municipal  district ,  Mariel. 

First  part  of  Mariel  and  Boca . 

Second  part  of  Mariel  and  Boca . 

Macagual  and  Quiebra  Hacha . 

Jabaco  y  Rayo . 

San  Juan  Bautista  and  Playa . . 

Molina,  Mosquitos,  and  Guajaybon . 

Municipal  district,  San  Diego  de  Nunez. 

Pueblo,  Granadillos,  Damas,  and  San  Bids . 

San  Gabriel,  Carenero,  and  San  Jose . 


Abelardo  Marquez. 
Sixto  Cruz. 

Juan  Alfonso. 
Enrique  Abascol. 


Pedro  Garrido  Fijera. 
Nicolas  Rodriguez. 
Luis  A.  Valdes. 


Ramon  J.  Garcia. 
Manuel  Perez. 
Francisco  Gonzalez. 
Jos6  Rencurrel. 
Daniel  Compte. 
Arturo  Ordaz. 


159 

160 


Pedro  Casanova. 

Pedro  P.  Quesada  y  Tovar. 


682 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 


PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


No. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 


11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 


22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  MORON. 

Municipal  district,  Moron. 

Parte  Este  de  la  Ciudad . 

Parte  Oeste  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Este . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Este . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Este . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Oeste . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Oeste . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  del  Oeste . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Punta  Alegre . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Gaudalupe . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Gaudalupe . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Chambas . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Chambas . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Marroquin . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Marroquin. . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sandoval . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sandoval . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Cupeyes . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Cupeyes . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Santa  Gertrudis . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Santa  Gertrudis . 

Municipal  district,  Ciego  de  Avila. 

First  parte  en  la  Ciudad  del  barrio  La  Cabecera . 

Second  parte  en  la  Ciudad  del  barrio  La  Cabecera . 

Third  parte  rural  de  La  Cabecera . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  Guanales . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  Guanales . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  San  Nicol&s . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  San  Nicol&s . 

Parte  de  la  Ciudad  y  Cayo  de  los  Mivertos  del  barrio 

Jucaro . 

Parte  rural  del  barrio  del  Jdcaro . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  La  Ceiba . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  Las  Nuevas . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  Las  Nuevas . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Jicotea . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  L&zaro  Lopez . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Arroyo  Blanco . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Nuevas  de  Jobosi . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  IguarA . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Iguarii . 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 
Municipal  district,  Nuevitas. 


40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 
.54 

55 

56 


57 


60 
61 
62 
63  ‘ 


Todo  el  1°  barrio  de  la  ciudad . 

Todo  el  2°  barrio  de  la  ciudad . 

Todo  el  3°  barrio  de  la  ciudad . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Miguel . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Miguel. . . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Miguel _ 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Redeneion . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Redencidn 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Redencidn . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  El  Sabinal . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Bag& . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Bag& . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Lugareno  .... 
Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Lugareno. . 
La  parte  de  Poblado  del  barrio  rural  El  Senado 

First  parte  rural  del  barrio  El  Senado . 

Second  parte  (del)  rural  del  barrio  El  Senado  . 

Municipal  district,  Santa  Cruz  del  Sur. 

Todo  el  casco  de  la  poblacion . 

Todo  el  barrio  de  Plava  Bonita . 

Todo  el  barrio  de  La  Calzada . 

El  Cayo  de  las  Doce  Leguas . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Buenaventura  . . 
Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Buenaventura 
First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Pedro . 


Enumerators. 


Jos6  Mavidal. 

Rumualdo  de  Varona. 
Rafael  Pardo  Echemendia. 
Felix  Machado. 

Laurido  Pardo. 

Jesus  Ma  Pina. 

Manuel  Ruiz  Esperon. 
German  Brinzas. 

Francisco  Vidal  Vila. 
Regino  SOrvane. 

Manuel  Bardeci. 

Eudoro  Franch. 

Juan  Vasallo. 

Gabriel  Bardeci. 

Emilio  Angulo. 

Emilio  Sainz  Schuverez. 

M.  A.  Alvarez  Y. 

Anto.  Vilardell  Tapis. 
Benito  Navarro. 

Jos6  Perez  Le6n. 

Pedro  Morales  Perez. 


Ulpiano  Rodriguez. 

Franco  Sotomayo. 

Carlos  Baldarrain  y  Gomez. 
Juan  Tozo  Fabes. 

Juan  Figueras. 

Javier  Hernandez  Varona. 
Jacinto  Vargas  Armas. 

Juan  Rodriguez. 

Jos6  Farinas. 

Antonio  Povada. 

Alvaro  Silvay  Rivas. 
Enrique  Moran  de  la  Torre. 
Manuel  Cortes. 

Luis  Casanovas. 

Placido  Sanchez. 

Luis  Medina. 

Angel  Vega  B. 

Ramon  Gonzales. 


Miguel  Perozo. 

Mario  Garcini  Silva. 

Jose  Garcini. 

Adolfo  Silva. 

Armando  Labrado  Cauto. 
Cayetano  Recio  y  Quesada. 
Franco  Miranda  Betancourt. 
Rafael  Peron. 

Noberto  Primellos. 

Antonio  Rodriguez  Rodriguez. 
Benjanin  Montgo. 

Natatio  Peron. 

Gustavo  Gomez  Barrios. 

Raou  Estrada  Zayas. 

Victor  Manuel  Betancourt. 
Antonio  Guerra  y  Guerra. 
Ulises  Cosia  Gomez. 


J.  Antonio  Miranda. 
Jesus  Peraltat. 

Caspar  Hidalgo. 
Ramon  Cruz  la  Chicot. 
Jos6  Pradas  Martinez. 
Antonio  Aguilar. 
Carlos  Alvarez. 


APPENDIX  XIII. 


683 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PUERTO  PRINCIPE— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  PUERTO  PRINCIPE — COntiuued. 


Municipal  district,  Santa  Cruz  del  Sur — Continued. 

64  Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Pedro . 

65  1  Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Guaicanamar . 

66  First  Parte  del  barrio  El  Junco . 

67  |  Second  parte  del  barrio  El  Junco . 

68  Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  El  Guayabal . 

Municipal  district,  Puerto  Principe. 


69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 
81 
82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 
100 
101 
102 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 
111 
112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 
121 
122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 


First  parte  del  first  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  first  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Third  parte  del  first  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  second  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  second  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Third  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Fourth  parte  del  third  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Third  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Fourth  parte  del  fourth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  fifth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  fifth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  sixth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  sixth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  seventh  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  seventh  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

First  parte  del  eighth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Second  parte  del  eighth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . 

Todo  del  ninth  barrio  de  la  Ciudad . . . 

First  parte  del  barrio  de  Cascorro  (rural) . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  de  Cascorro  (rural) . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sibanicu . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Sibanicu . 

Todo  el  barrio  rural  de  Vista  Hermosa . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Geronimo . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Geronimo. . . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  San  Geronimo _ 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Yeguas . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Yeguas . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Caobillas . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Caobillas . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Quemado . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Quemado . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Limones . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Limones . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja . 

Fourth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja . 

Fifth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja . 

Sixth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guanaja . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Pueblo  Nuevo . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Pueblo  Nuevo  . . . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Pueblo  Nuevo . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Maragu&n . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Maraguiin . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro . 

Fourth  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Guaimaro . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Contramaestre . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Contramaestre  . . 
Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Contramaestre. . . . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  La  Yaba . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  La  Yaba . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ecuador . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ecuador . 

Third  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  El  Ecuador . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Minas  (Poblado) . . . 
Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Minas  (Poblado) 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Magabomba . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  d<  Magabomba . 

First  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Altagracia . 

Second  parte  del  barrio  rural  de  Altagracia . 


Enumerators. 


Manuel  Solis  Arellano. 

Angel  Guzm&n. 

Alfredo  Caballero. 

Joaquin  Hidalgo. 

Macedonia  Varona  Agramonte. 


Angela  Guerra. 

Gabriel  Barrera. 

Graciano  Balencourt  Castillo. 
Ramon  Angela  de  Xiques. 
Manuel  Pradas. 

Maria  Teresa  Guerra. 

Alonso  Martinez. 

Rolando  Ramos  y  Ronquillo. 
Francisco  Pichardo  Moya. 
Antonia  J.  de  Moya. 

Ernesto  Mola  Castillo. 
Eugenio  Loret  de  Mola. 
Enrique  Boza. 

Manuel  Breton. 

Antonio  Rojas  Castellanos. 
Jose  Ygnacio  Resio  Loyuaz. 
Gregonio  Hernandez  Riveron. 
Emilio  Torres  Sariol. 

Angel  Yergo  Gomez. 

Enrique  Loret  de  Mola. 

Emma  Rojas  de  Caballero. 
Porfisio  Batista  Verona. 

Jos6  Fernandez  Cabrera. 
Virgilio  Fuentes. 

Filberto  Pichardo. 

Rogerio  Zayas  Bazan. 

Arturo  Guzman. 

Rogerio  Freyre  Arango. 
Federico  Naranjo. 

Ramon  Alvarez  Cespedes. 
Gonzales  Agosto. 

Pascual  Cebrian. 

Antonio  Naranjo. 

Octavio  Oquendo. 

Armando  Perez  Ramos. 
Francisco  Lastre. 

Serafin  Pastrana. 

Rodolfo  Ballaga. 

Emilio  Cosio. 

Manuel  Alvinzuri  Lopez. 
Miguel  Agramonte. 

Jose  R.  Peralta. 

Juan  Larrauri  Porro. 

Eduardo  de  Varona. 

Josd  Acosta. 

Miguel  Agramonte  Estrada. 
Manuel  Alvinzuri  Lopez. 
Ramon  A.  Rodrigues. 

Josd  Prades  Martinez. 

Raul  Arteaga  Socarras. 

Ramiro  Ceballero  Benevides. 
Emilio  Cordero. 

Francisco  Agiiero. 

Ramon  Agiiero. 

Miguel  Cabrera  Porro. 

Alipio  Zayas  Urra. 

Pio  Otero. 

Luis  S.  Otero  Cosio. 

Luis  Cordova  Silva. 

Alberto  R.  Varona. 

Pablo  Ronquillo. 

Francisco  Cosio. 

Cayetano  Guerra. 

Angel  Diaz. 

Manuel  Agustin  Areu. 
Hernani  Miranda. 

Alberto  Guzman  Arango. 


684 


REPOKT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 
t 
8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 


42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 


54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 


60 

61 

62 

63 

6-1 


Enumeration  districts. 


Enumerators. 


Designation. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTA  CLARA. 


Municipal  district,  Santa  Clara. 


City  of  Santa  Clara . 

_ '.do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

I . do . 

. do . 

I . do . 

. do . 

City  of  Santa  Clara  (institutions) . 

j  City  of  Santa  Clara . 

: . do . 

1  First  part  of  Egidos . 

1  Second  part  of  Egidos . 

First  part  of  San  Gil . 

j  Second  part  of  San  Gil . 

!  Third  part  of  San  Gil . 

Fourth  part  of  San  Gil . 

j  Second  part  of  La  Cruz . 

I  First  part  of  Seibabo . 

Second  part  of  Seibabo . 

First  part  of  Provincial . 

Second  part  of  Provincial . 

First  part  of  Baez . 

Second  part  of  Baez . 

First  part  of  Manicaragua . 

Second  part  of  Manicaragua . 

Municipal  district,  Esperanza. 

City  of  Esperanza,  north . 

City  of  Esperanza,  south . 

Asiento  Viejo . 

First  part  of  Nuevas . 

Second  part  of  Nuevas . 

First  part  of  San  Vincente . 

Second  part  of  San  Vincente . 

Jabonillar . 

San  Jos6 . 

Purial . 


Flora  Jimenez. 

Maria  Beldarrain. 

Manuela  Chavez. 

America  Christo  Cordovas. 
Isabel  Paredes. 

Angel  eica  Anida  y  Graso. 

Rita  Blanco  Edwarria. 

Clotilde  Silve  y  Lopez. 

Milagro  Casanova  Guerra. 
Dolores  Linares. 

Jos6  D.  Hernandez  y  Fernandez. 
Felipe  Gonzalez  Tellez. 

Josefa  Mendoza  y  Silva. 

Ulpiana  Groso  Fleytes. 

Emilio  Silva  y  Dominguez. 
Cristobal  de  Zayas  Bazan. 
Rogelio  Barata  y  Godoy. 

J.  Anto.  Pedazo  y  Rodriguez. 
Rafael  Mechado'  Mesa. 

Pablo  Morales  Valdes. 

Leandro  A.  Contreras. 

Francisco  Martinez. 

Nestor  Fernandez. 

Tomas  Gomez  Parets. 

Rafael  Perez  Urquijo. 

J.  B.  Carreras  Osis. 

Neslor  Fernandez. 

Luis  Anoceto  y  Perez. 

Gerado  Gonzalez  Junco. 

Enrique  Pequdo  Alvarez. 
Serapio  Oliva  Carrazana. 


Maria  AlomfL  Valdes. 

Maria  Luz  Machado. 

Mateo  Diaz  Rojas. 

Juan  B.  Jimenez. 

Emilio  Jimenez. 

Antonio  Jimenez  y  Jimenez. 
Alberto  J.  Jiminez. 

Alberto  J.  Jiminez. 

Maria  Ruiz. 

Amelio  Diaz  Navarro. 


Municipal  district,  Calabazar. 

First  part  of  Encrucijada . 

Second  part  of  Encrucijada . 

Paso  Real . 

First  part  of  Santo . 

Second  part  of  Santo . 

First  part  of  Centro . 

Second  part  of  Centro . 

Third  part  of  Centro . 

First  part  of  Viana . 

Second  part  of  Viana . 

Sitio  Grande . 

Mala  y  Barro . 

Municipal  district,  Ranchuelo. 

First  part  of  first  distrito  (Ranchuelo) . 

Second  part  of  first  distrito  (Ranchuelo) . 

Second  aistrito  (Ranchuelo) . 

First  part  of  Poza  de  la  China . 

Second  part  of  Poza  de  la  China . 

Sitio  Viejo . 

Municipal  district,  San  Diego  del  Valle. 

Centro . . 

Centro  (rural),  first  part . 

Centro  (rural), second  part . 

1  Yabii . 

I  Sitio  Nuevo . 


Emilio  Loret  de  Mola. 

Pedro  G.  Abreu. 

Rafael  Perez  Pedroso. 

Jos6  de  Serpa  y  de  Clouet. 
Jose  de  I.  Gil. 

Alejandro  Moixo  y  Centero. 
Federico  Jova. 

Tom&s  Velasco  y  Gomez. 
Juan  B.  Martini. 

Antonio  R.  Ruiz. 

Federico  Jova. 

Domingo  Perez. 


Jos6  Luis  Machin. 

Luis  Campillo  y  Rivero. 
Bias  Espinosa. 

Francisco  Yero  y  Silva. 
Pedro  Gattorno  Vila. 
Ricairdo  Machin  y  Linares. 


Adela  Gonzalez  y  Lima. 
Juan  Linares. 

Eugenio  Ledron  Uribe. 
Evaristo  Martinez  Pedroso 
Ueriberto  Hernandez. 


APPENDIX  XIII. 


685 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


No.  I 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


judicial  district,  Santa  claea — continued. 
Municipal  district,  San  Diego  del  Valle — Continued. 


65  Maguaraya  Abajo  y  Arriba,  first  part. . . . 

66  Maguaraya  Abajo  y  Arriba,  second  part 

67  Hatillo . 

68  i  Mango . 

69  Jicotea . 


Antonio  Bello  y  Martinez. 
Heriberto  Hernandez  y  Hernandez. 
Pedro  J.  Diaz  y  Sota. 

Jos6  M.  Miguels. 

Eugenio  Ledon  Uribe. 


Municipal  district,  San  Juan  de  las  Yeras. 

70  First  part  of  Potrerillo . 

71  Second  part  of  Potrerillo . 

72  Aguas  Bonitas . 

73  Beraia . 

74  Quemado  Hilario . . 

75  Guayo . . 

76  First  district  in  the  town,  pueblo . 

77  First  district,  rural . 

78  Second  district,  rural . . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  CIENFUEGOS. 


Eladio  Cepero  Hernandez. 
Candido  Becarra  y  Fuentes. 
Rafael  Perez  Pedroso. 
Domingo  Mendibouse  y  Llibre. 
Pedro  Gonzalez  Gomez. 
Leandro  Anchia  Contreras. 
Luis  Gonzalez. 

Antonio  Gonzalez  Gari. 
Aguada  Valdes  Aday. 


Municipal  district,  Cienfuegos. 


79 

80 
81 
82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 
100 
101 
102 

103 

104 

105 


106 

107 

108 

109 

110 
111 
112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 
121 
122 

123 

124 

125 

126 
127 


128 

129 

130 

131 


First  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Second  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Third  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Fourth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

First  part  of  fifth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Second  part  of  fifth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Sixth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . . . 

Seventh  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . . 

Eighth  part  city* of  Cienfuegos . 

Ninth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Tenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Eleventh  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Twelfth  part  city'of  Cienfuegos . 

Thirteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Fourteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

First  part  of  fifteenth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Sixteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

Seventeenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

First  part  of  eighteenth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos. . . 
Second  part  of  eighteenth  part  of  city  of  Cienfuegos 

Nineteenth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos.  . . . 

Twentieth  part  city  of  Cienfuegos . 

First  part  of  Caunao . 

Second  part  of  Caunao . 

Third  part  of  Caunao . 

Rimirez . 

Manacas . 

Keys . 

First  part  of  Yaguaramas . 

Second  part  of  Yaguaramas . 

Third  part  of  Yaguaramas . 

Fourth  part  of  Yaguaramas . 

Caimanera . 

First  part  of  Cielode  Jagua . 

Second  part  of  Cielo  de  Jagua . 

First  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Second  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Third  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Fourth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Fifth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Sixth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Seventh  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Eighth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Ninth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Tenth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Eleventh  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

Twelfth  part  of  Aquada  de  Pasageros . 

First  part  of  Arimao . 

Second  part  of  Arimao . 

Auras . 

La  Sierra . 

First  part  of  Cumanayagua . 

Second  part  of  Cumanayagua . 


Julio  Garcia. 

Pedro  N.  Agfiero. 

Fed  Barrios. 

Ernesto  M.  Agirre. 

Juan  Pablo  Rousseau. 

Julio  Garcia. 

Pedro  Rivera. 

Rosalia  Castinezra. 

Carmen  Coll. 

Juan  Monzon  Aguirre. 

Flora  Dorticos. 

Josefa  Pina  Vda  Sanchez. 
Blanca  Vilaseca. 

Maria  Teresa  Gallart. 

Amiana  Garcia. 

Flora  A.  Ramos. 

Primitivo  Portal. 

Georgiana  Paniagua  . 

Mario  Montero  Baldarrain. 
Fed  Barrios. 

Emilio  Alvarez  Ballagas. 
Leonidas  Vincente  Lombida. 
Enrique  Gomez. 

Antonio  G.  Abreu. 

Pedro  N.  Aguero. 

Jos6  Antonio  Latorre. 

Nestor  Lara. 

Pedro  Parro. 

Pedro  Nunez. 

Virgilio  Lugo  Vina. 

Luis  Gomez. 

Julio  D.  Arguellas. 

Benito  B.  Piche. 

Primitivo  Lopez  y  Alvarez. 
Pedro  N.  Aguero. 

Luis  Echemendia. 

Marchos  Pino. 

Juan  B.  Jiminez. 

Nicanor  Cantero  e  Yznaga. 
Fidel  Denis. 

Pio  Lust. 

Augustin  G.  E.  Cardoso. 

Jos6  Ramon  P.  Cueto. 
Frederico  Zamora. 

Jos6  Yglesias. 

Cristobal  de  Zayas  Bazan. 
Federico  Zayas. 

Antonio  Beldarrain. 

Lorenzo  Dupony. 

Adolfo  Diaz. 

Eduardo  Benet. 

Lorenzo  Velshes. 

Juan  Yrarragorr6. 


No. 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 

142 

143 

144 

145 

146 

147 

148 

149 

150 

151 

152 

153 

154 

155 

156 

157 

158 

159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174 

175 

176 

177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

185 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued 


Enumeration  districts.. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


judicial  district,  cienfuegos — continued. 

Municipal  district,  Cienfuegos — Continued. 

Mandinga . 

Ojo  de  Agua . 

Calabozar  . 

Calisito . 

Las  Charcas . . 

Gavilan  y  Gavilancito . 

Jicotea  . 


Municipal  district,  San  Fernando. 

First  and  second  distritos  in  Pueblo,  San  Fernando 

Paradero . 

Ciego  Alonso . 

Escarza . 

Lomas  Grandes . 

Municipal  district,  Cartagena. 

Cartagena  (urban) . 

First  part  Cartagena  (rural)  . 

Second  part  Cartagena  (rural) . 

Ciego  Montero . 

Soledad . 

Santiago . 

Cascajal  (urban) . 

Cascajal  (rural) . 

Arriete . 


Municipal  district,  Cruces. 

First  part  of  north  district,  Cruces . 

Second  part  of  first  part  of  north  district,  Cruces  . 
Third  part  of  first  part  of  north  district,  Cruces. . . 

South  district,  Cruces . 

Montefirme . 

Mai  Tiempo,  first  part . 

Mai  Tiempo,  second  part . 

La  Vija . 

Instituciones  in  Cruces  y  Lajas . 

Municipal  district,  Abreus. 

First  part  of  Abreus . 

Second  part  of  Abreus . 

Third  part  of  Abreus . 

Fourth  part  of  Abreus . . 

Instituciones  para  Plantaciones . 

Municipal  district,  Palmira. 

First  part,  Palmira . 

Second  part,  Palmira . 

Third  part,  Palmira . 

F4rst  part,  Arango . 

Second  part,  Arango . 

Municipal  district,  Rodas. 

First  part  of  Cabecera  (Rodas) . 

Second  part  of  Cabecera  (Rodas) . 

Third  part  of  Cabecera  (Rodas) . 

First  part  of  Limones . 

Second  part  of  Limones . 

First  part  of  Congojas . 

Second  part  of  Congojas . 

Jabacoa  . 

Medidas . 

Municipal  district,  Santa  Ysabel  de  las  Lajas. 

First  part  of  Centro . 

Second  part  of  Centro . 

Third  part  of  Centro . 

Fourth  part  of  Centro . 

Salto . 


Ricardo  Abren. 

Joaquin  Rodriguez  del  Rey. 
Juan  B.  Garcia  Hernandez. 
Tomas  Pichos. 

Gumersuido  Rangel. 

Felix  Gonzalez. 

Antonio  Montevaro. 


Gumersuido  Carrera. 

Diego  Mill&n  Puertas. 

Josti  Garcia  Cordoves. 
Andres  Garcia. 

Joaquin  Capestany  Aguila. 


Agustin  Villages. 
Manuel  Portela. 
Justo  Lopez. 
Ricardo  Alvdrez. 
Armando  Reyes. 
Ramon  Oviedo. 
Maria  L.  Guma. 
Ant0  Gonzalez. 
Justo  Lopez. 


Agustin  Breton  Capiro. 
Eulogio  Estrada  y  Gonzalez. 
Federico  Lavas  Sta.  Cruz. 
Eulogio  Estrada  y  Gonzalez. 
Miguel  Gomez  Ruiz. 

Dionisio  J.  Yrarrogorra. 
Fernando  Machado. 

Fernando  Machado  Meza. 
Salvador  Sanjuan  y  Castellon. 


Juan  N.  Guerrero. 
Aurelio  Aulet. 
Marcos  Pino. 
Manuel  del  Castillo. 
Fidel  Denis. 


Agustin  G.  Entenza  Cardosa. 
Francisco  Alfonso  Hurtado. 
Rosendo  Gallardo  Ramirez. 
Juan  Hernandez  Castineira. 
Leopoldo  Machado  Manero. 


Antonio  J.  G.  Penate. 

Jos6  M.  Avellaneda. 

Jos6  R.  P.  Cueto. 

Agustin  de  Rojas  y  Sanchez. 
Ramon  A.  Garcia. 

Landelina  Cortes  y  de  Lara. 
R.  J.  Alfonso. 

Diego  M.  Puertas. 

Manuel  L.  Curlello. 


Mercedes  A.  Alfonso. 
Angelica  P.  Alpizar. 
Joaquin  L.  Legorburo. 
Evaristo  G.  Aguila. 
Tomiis  V.  Rojas. 


APPENDIX  XIII. 


687 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


No. 


186 

187 

188 


189 

190 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

196 

197 

198 

199 

200 
201 
202 

203 

204 

205 

206 

207 

208 


209 

210 
211 
212 

213 

214 

215 


216 

217 

218 

219 

220 
221 
222 


223 

224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

231 


232 

233 

234 

235 

236 

237 

238 


239 

240 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


judicial  district,  cienfuegos — continued. 


Municipal  district,  Santa  Ysabel  de  las  Lajas — Cont’d. 

Terry . 

Salado  y  Santa  Rosa . 

Nuevas . . 


Leonilo  Caballero. 
Santiago  F.  Mora  y  Mora. 
Emilio  Jimenez. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SAGUA  LA  GRANDE. 

Municipal  district,  Sagua  la  Grande. 


First  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande) . . . 
Second  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande). 
Third  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande)  . . 
Fourth  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande) . 
Fifth  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande). . . 
Sixth  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande)  . . 
Seventh  part  of  Norte  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande) 

First  part  of  Sur  (Ciudad  Sagua  la  Grande) _ 1 

Second  part  of  Sur  (Ciudad,  Sagua  la  Grande).. . 
Third  part  of  Sur  (Ciudad,  Sagua  la  Grande) 

Jumagua . 

Fifth  part  of  Sur  (Ciudad,  Sagua  la  Grande) . 

Rural  part  of  Sagua . 

Ysabela  (urban) . 

Ysabela  (rural  and  keys) . 

San  Juan . . . 

Fourth  part  of  Sur  (Ciudad, Sagua  la  Grande)... 

First  part  of  Satiscito . 

Second  part  of  Sitiscito . 

Chinchila . 


Matilda  N.  Machin. 
Antonio  Oldriozola. 
Antonio  Rosales. 

Clara  Martinez. 

Adriana  Mazolo  v  Rojas, 
Emma  Chamberlain. 

Do. 

Francisco  A.  de  Ovaresr. 
Luis  Gonzales  y  Ruiz. 
Jos6  L.  Martel. 

Florencio  Someillan. 
Domingo  Bonet, 

Dario  P.  Medir. 

Jose  A.  Hebia. 

Juan  F.  Mesa. 

Carlos  Cartaya, 

Antonio  Rosales. 
Joaquin  Marti. 

Carlos  Cartaya. 

Juan  F.  FerrioL 


Municipal  district,  Cifuentes. 


Este  (Ciudad  de  Cifuentes) . 

Oeste  (Ciudad  de  Cifuentes) . 

Rural  portions  at  the  east  and  west  of  Cifuentes 

Barro . 

Sitio  Grande . 

Alacran . 

Amaro . 


Juan  Bta  Fernandez. 
Juan  M.  B.  Hernandez, 
Pio  de  la  B.  Morejon, 
Francisco  A.  Santos. 
Manuel  F.  Bermudez. 
Manuel  A.  N.  Mesa. 
Adolfo  Arenas  y  Lima. 


Municipal  district,  Ceja  de  Pablo. 

First  part  of  Coralillo  (urban  and  rural) . . . . . . 

Second  part  of  Coralillo  (rural) . 

Sabana  Grande . 

Palma  Sola . 

First  part  of  Sierra  Morena  (urban  and  rural) . 

Second  part  of  Sierra  Morena  (rural) . 

Ceja  de  Pablo  (rural) . 

M unicipal  district,  Quemado  de  Giiines. 

Poblado,  first  part  (pueblo)  (Quemado  de  Giiines) . 
Poblado,  second  part  (rural)  (Quemado  de  Giiines) 

San  Valentin  (Quemado  de  Giiines) . 

Caguaguas . 

Giiines . 

Zambumbia . 

Carahatas,  first  part . 

Carahatas,  second  part . 

Paso  Cavado . 


Andres  de  Pena  y  Varona. 
Francisco  E.  Guiilen. 
Antonio  Perez  Alvarez, 
Nanciso  Dama  Lopez. 
Gabino  P.  Bacallao. 
Francisco  S.  Navarro. 

Jose  S.Estruch. 


Salvador  P.  L.  Gibert. 
Pedro  M.  Lasarte  y  Ruiz. 
Alfredo  L.  Casado. 

Jos6  Y.  Lasarte. 

Antonio  Gonzalez. 
Miguel  R.  Mesa. 

Tomas  D.  Ruiz. 

Jos6  Y.  Lasarte. 

Juan  O.  Ruiz. 


Municipal  district,  Rancho  Veloz. 


First  part  of  Santa  F6  ( rural)  . . 
Second  part  of  Santa  F6  (rural) 
Third  part  of  Santa  F6  (urban) 

Crimea . 

Aguas  Claras . 

Guarillas . 

Chavez . 


Jacinto  Duvon. 

Becis  Sanchez. 

Alejandro  G.  de  Mendoza. 
Jos6  Fur. 

J.  R. Cappen. 

Ramon  Campuzano. 
Joaquin  Machado. 


Municipal  district,  Santo  Domingo. 

Este  ciudad  Santo  Domingo . 

Oeste  ciudad  Santo  Domingo . 


Belen  Quiros. 
Gustavo  Casanova. 


No. 

241 

242 

243 

244 

245 

246 

247 

248 

249 

250 

251 

252 

253 

254 

255 

256 

257 

258 

259 

260 

261 

262 

263 

264 

265 

266 

267 

268 

269 

270 

271 

272 

273 

274 

275 

276 

277 

278 

279 

280 

281 

282 

283 

284 

285 

286 

287 

288 

289 

290 

291 

292 

293 

294 

295 

296 

297 

298 

299 

300 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SAGUA  LA  GRANDE— Continued. 
Municipal  district,  Santo  Domingo— Continued. 


Puerto  Escondido . 

Manacas  y  San  MArcos . 

Baracaldo,  Potrerillo,  y  Arenas 

Jicotea,  y  San  Bartoloin6 . 

Rio  y  Cerrito . 

San  Juan . 

Rodrigo . 

Alvarez  y  Mordazo . 

Jiquiabo  y  Jiqui . 

Yabucito . 


Ricardo  Miyares. 

Rafael  Mauresa  y  Silva. 
Jos<§  Y.  Martinez*. 

Benito  Rodriguez. 

Jos6  Garcia  Riera. 
Leoncio  B.  Nunez. 

Luis  Valasco  y  Almeida. 
Fernando  Lera. 
Casimeiro  Cepero. 
Enrique  Valdes. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  REMEDIOS. 


Municipal  district,  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios. 


First  part  of  Ciudad  Remedios  (1°)... 
Second  part  of  Cindad  Remedios  (1°) 
Third  part  of  Cindad  Remedios  (2°)  . 
Fourth  part  of  Ciudad  Remedios  (3°) 
Fifth  part  of  Ciudad  Remedios  (4°) 

Sixth  part  of  Ciudad  Remedios . 

Tetuan . 

Bartolome . 

Carolina . 

Guanizibes . 

First  part  of  Buena  Vista . 

Second  part  of  Buena  Vista . 

Third  part  of  Buena  Vista . 

Fourth  part  of  Buena  Vista . 

Fifth  part  of  Buena  Vista . 

Crangrejo  y  Remate . 


Luis  Herrada. 

Antonio  Perdomo. 

Maria  de  Morales  Nieblas. 
J.  M.  Jover. 

Joaquin  Vigil  y  Quintanal. 
Jose  Escaudone. 

C.  Yrio. 

Pompeyo  P.  Bonachea. 
Miguel*  Vigil. 

Othon  de  Caturla. 
Leopoldo  L.  Arnau. 

Luis  M.  Martin. 

Pompeyo  Perez  Bonachea. 
Manuel  Estrada. 

J.  M.  Delegado. 

Do. 


Municipal  district,  Placetas. 

First  part  Ciudad  de  Placetas . 

Second  part  Ciudad  de  Placetas . 

Third  part  Ciudad  de  Placetas . 

San  Andres  y  Vista  Hermosa . 

First  part  of  Tivisial  y  Nazareno . 

Second  part  of  Tivisial  y  Nazareno . 

Guaracabulla . 

Hernando  y  Sitio  Patrero . 

Nazareno . 


Municipal  district,  Caibarien. 

First  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien . 

Second  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien . 

Third  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien . 

Fourth  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien . 

Fifth  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien . 

Sixth  part  of  the  Villa  Caibarien . 

El  Taneo . 

Guajabana . 

Conuco  (key) . 


Francisco  A.  Soriano. 
Amado  Gonzalez. 
Jos<5  Nunez  Morales. 
Franco  Casanova. 
Jos6  Garcia. 

Franco  Casanova. 
Augustin  G.  Farran. 
Fernando  Cruz  Pina. 
Delfin  Coco. 


Francisco  P.  Faife. 
Ricardo  Patino. 

Rafael  y  Escobar  Laredo. 
Angel  de  Leon. 

Julio  A.  Garcia. 

Angel  Lima. 

Luis  M.  Martin. 

Luis  Garcia  Riera. 

Juan  Poldo. 


Municipal  district,  Camajuani. 

First  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani . 

Second  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani . 

Third  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani . 

Fourth  part  of  Cabecera,  Camajuani . 

Egidos . 

First  part  of  Sabana . 

Second  part  of  Sabana . 

First  part  of  Santa  Clarita . 

Second  part  of  Santa  Clarita . 

Salamanca . 

First  part  of  Guadalupe . 

Second  part  of  Guadalupe . 

Third  part  of  Guadalupe . 

Fourth  part  of  Guadalupe . 

First  part  of  Zulueta . 

Second  j>art  of  Zulueta . 


Maria  Domenech  y  Lorda. 
Francisco  Cabarrocas. 
Eduardo  Valderez. 

Jos6  Bencones  Ramos. 
Angel  E.  Rosende  Zayas. 
Rafael  P.  Bonachea. 

Luis  Valasco. 

Rodolfo  Valderas. 
Eduardo  Valderas. 
Rigoberto  F.  Sabido. 
Rogelio  F.  Talon  y  Junes 
Buenaventura  Gali. 

Juan  M.  Nunez. 

Jos6  M.  Garcia. 

Manuel  Estrada. 
Buenaventura  Gali. 


APPENDIX  XIII 


689 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


301 

302 

303 

304 

305 

306 

307 

308 

309 

310 

311 

312 


313 

314 

315 

316 

317 

318 

319 

320 

321 

322 


323 

324 

325 

326 

327 

328 

329 

330 

331 

332 

333 

334 

335 

336 

337 

338 

339 

340 

341 

342 

343 


344 

345 

346 

347 

348 

349 

350 

351 

352 

353 

354 

355 

356 
&57 

358 

359 

360 

361 

362 


Designation. 


judicial  district,  REMEDios— continued. 

Municipal  district,  San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas. 

Cabecera  (Antonio  de  las  Vueltas) . 

Charco  Hondo . . 

Aguada  de  Moya . . 

Sagua  la  Chica  y  Cayos . . 

Taguayabon . . 

Vegas  de  las  Palmas . . 

Piedras . . 

Quinta . 

Vego  Alta . . 

First  part  of  Bosque . . 

Second  part  of  Bosque . . 

Sur  y  Oeste  de  Egidos . . 

Municipal  district,  Yaguajay. 

First  part  of  Cabecera  (Yaguajay) . 

Second  part  of  Cabecera  (Yaguajay) . 

First  part  of  Mayajigua . . 

Second  part  of  Mayajigua . 

Seibabo . 

Centeno  . 

Meneses . 

Bamburano . 

First  part  of  Keys,  and  institutions . 

Second  part  of  Keys . . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  TRINIDAD. 

Municipal  district,  Trinidad. 

First  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . 

Second  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . 

Third  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . . . 

Fourth  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad, . 

Fifth  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . . 

Sixth  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . 

Seventh  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . 

Eighth  part  of  the  city  of  Trinidad . 

Casilda  (urban) . 

Casilda  (rural  and  keys) . 

First  part,  Rio  de  Ay . . . 

Second  part,  Rio  de  Ay . 

Cabag&n . 

First  part,  Guaniguical . . . 

Second  part,  Guaniguical . 

Caracusey  . 

San  Pedro . 

San  Francisco . 

Giiinia  de  Miranda . 

Jiquimas . 

Fomento . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANCTI  SPIRITUS. 

Municipal  district,  Sancti  Spiritus. 

First  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Second  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Third  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . 

Fourth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Fifth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Sixth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Seventh  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . . 

Eighth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . 

Ninth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . 

1  enth  part  of  the  city  of  Sancti  Spiritus . 

Jibaro  . 

Chorrera  Brava . 

Cabaiguan . 

Guayos . 

Santa  Lucia . 

Manacas . 

First  part  of  Paula . 

Second  part  of  Paula . 

Third  part  of  Paula . 

24662 - 44 


Enumerators. 


Gillermo  Espinosa. 

Jos6  Mendez. 

J.  M.  Nunez. 

Rafael  C.  Echernendia, 
Raimundo  Rebollar. 

Perfecto  Corrazona  y  Rodriguez. 
Florinda  de  la  Hoz. 

Rafael  Perez  Pedroso. 

Desiderio  Jimenez. 

Prospero  Perez. 

Rafael  C.  Echernendia. 
Celestino  Espinosa. 


Clementina  C.  Prieto. 
Teresa  P.  Laredo. 
Salvador  G.  Greham. 
Juan  B.  Garcia. 
Alfredo  C.  Prieto. 
Eliseo  Suarez. 

Arturo  Jimenez. 
Rafael  Perez. 

Jos6  B.  Borges. 

Juvial  Davila. 


Elena  Gonzalez. 

Teresa  Mestre  Cagigal. 
Enrique  Pina  Jimenez. 

Elvira  Cabana. 

Elinda  Cortes  y  Silva. 

Enrique  Lara. 

Sofia  Torrado  y  Ponce. 
Mercedes  Pomares  y  Gonzales. 
Blanca  Corbeiller. 

D.  Petersen. 

Miguel  Mainegra. 

Pio  Daniel  Cadalzo. 

Jos6  Ma.  Mauri. 

Carlos  E.  Lynn. 

Nicanor  J.  Dominguez. 
Fernando  H.  Reyna. 

Vincente  Panadez. 

Elrov  Cabana  y  Orri. 

Teodoro  de  Leon. 

Vincente  Sudrez. 

Perfecto  Quintana. 


Rafael  Pina  y  Marin. 

America  A.  Gonzalez. 

Ana  G.  P.  Echernendia. 

America  Castaneda  y  Valdeira. 
Natalia  y  Canizares  y  Gomez. 
Franco,  del  Valle  Gonzalez. 
Altagracia  de  Cespedes  y  Canyares. 
Maria  W.  Verson. 

Mariano  Gomez  y  Gomez. 

Joaquin  Gomez. 

Mariano  J.  Palmero  y  Hildago. 
Adolfo  C.  Canas. 

Francisco  L.  Sori. 

Tomas  F.  Rodriguez. 

Roque  V.  Ambrosino. 

Miguel  M.  del  Toro. 

Juan  Y.  Perez. 

Miguel  Minguez. 

Adolfo  C.  Canas. 


690 


REPORT  O N  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators. — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA.— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

No. 

Designation. 

judicial  district,  sancti  spiritus — continued. 

Municipal  district,  Sancti  Spiritus — Continued. 

363 

First  part  of  San  Andres . 

Manuel  P.  Jimenez. 

364 

Second  part  of  San  Andres  and  Pueblo  Nuevo . 

Mariano  Gomez. 

365 

First  part  of  Taguasco  v  Pedro  Barba . 

Luis  R.  Rensoli. 

366 

Second  part  of  Taguasco  y  Pedro  Barba . 

Sixto  Fernandez  Latorre. 

367 

Third  part  of  Taguasco  y  Pedro  Barba . 

Roque  V.  Ambrosino. 

368 

Bellamota . 

J.R.C.  Gomez. 

369 

Paredes . 

B.  Weiss  Gramtges. 

370 

First  part  of  Guasimal . 

Jesus  Cruz  Ordoz. 

371 

Second  part  of  Guasimal . 

Adolfo  C.  Canas. 

372 

Tunas  de  Zaza . 

Rogelio  P.  Estrada. 

373 

Cavos  Doce  Leguas . 

Rafael  M.  Morgado. 

374 

Ba'nao . 

Barnabe  de  Pina  y  Valdes. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA,  NORTE. 

Municipal  district,  Alto  Songo. 

1 

Alto  Songo . 

Juan  Lopez. 

2 

. do . 

J.  M.  Bravo. 

3 

Moron . 

Jos6  Castillo. 

4 

El  Socorro  y  Mava . 

Domingo  Grinau. 

5 

Ti  Arriba . 

Miguel  S.  Giro. 

6 

Loma  del  Gato . 

Armando  Villalon. 

rr 

/ 

Palenque . 

Emilio  Mas. 

8 

.Tarahueca . 

Guillermo  Bolivar. 

9 

Mayari  Arriba . 

R6mulo  Carbenell. 

10 

Florida  Blanca . 

Ricardo  Rizo. 

Municipal  district,  Palma  Soriano. 

11 

Palma  Soriano . 

A.  Meana. 

12 

. do . . . 

Pedro  Valiente. 

13 

Las  Cuchillas . 

Norberto  Romero. 

14 

Remanganaguas . 

Tomas  Artigas. 

15 

Sitio . 

Lino  Hourrutiner. 

16 

Concepcidn  . 

Buenaventura  Beaton. 

17 

San  Leandro . 

Herminio  Lovis. 

18 

Yaravabo . 

Arcadio  Ysaac. 

19 

Cauto  Baire . 

Rafael  Salazar. 

20 

Dorados . 

Bartolome  Ramis. 

21 

Cauto  Abajo,  first  part . 

Miguel  Planas. 

22 

Cauto  Abajo,  second  part . 

Manuel  Benitez. 

23 

Santa  Filomena . 

Lino  Benitez. 

Municipal  district,  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

24 

Dajao . 

Ramon  Regiieiferos. 

25 

Santo  Tom&s . 

Ernesto  Giro. 

26 

. do . 

Juan  Mavon. 

27 

. do . 

O.  Ybarra  y  M. 

28 

. do . 

Franco.  Guasch. 

29 

. do . 

Francisco  Romani. 

30 

Cristo . . 

Juan  Cros. 

31 

. do . 

T.  Rouseau. 

32 

. do . 

Manuel  Puncet. 

33 

. do . 

Alberto  Cuti6. 

34 

Cristo  (coastwise  ships) . 

Jos£  Chamizo. 

35 

Trinidad . 

Angel  Mesa. 

36 

. do . 

Lino  CaraballO. 

37 

. do . 

.TnsO  Pagliprv. 

38 

. do . 

Enrique  Caminero. 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA,  SUR. 

Municipal  district,  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

39 

Belen  . 

Juan  Cortez  Gonzalez. 

40 

. do . 

Rartolomp  Portnondo 

41 

. do . 

Octavio  Sant6. 

42 

. do . 

Franco  Cuti6. 

43 

. do . 

Rafael  Bergues. 

No. 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62  i 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

104 

105 

106 


APPENDIX  XIII 


691 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Designation. 

judicial  district,  Santiago  de  cuba,  SUR— continued. 
Municipal  district ,  Santiago  de  Cuba — Continued. 


Enumerators. 


Dolores . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Dolores . 

Catedral . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Catedral  Belen  las  Lagunas 

Ramon  de  las  Yaguas . 

_ do . 


Municipal  district ,  San  Luis. 

San  Luis . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Monte  dos  Leguas . 

_ do . 

La  Luz . 

Dos  Caminos . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 


Jos6  Perozos. 

Jose  Bargallo. 
Manuel  Perez. 

J.  J.  Hernandez. 
Octavio  Peralta. 
Florentino  Rosell, 
Mariano  Gonzalez. 
Lino  Salazar. 
Miguel  Pacheco. 
Alfredo  Navarro. 
Juan  Hechavaina. 
Rafael  Ribas. 
Octavio  Nuiry. 


Manuel  Badia. 

Juan  E.  Menendez. 
Juan  Gonzalez  Vera. 
Conrado  Menendez. 
Francisco  Burgos. 
Francr.  Pol. 

Jose  Alayo. 

Modesto  Carbo. 
Joaquin  Guardia. 
Juan  Rodriquez. 

Jose  Dedieu. 

Jose  Ma.  Gonzalez. 
Eugenio  Bartutes. 


Municipal  district ,  El  Caney. 

Caney  . 

_ do . 

Lagunas . 

Sevilla . 

Guaninicum . 

_ do . 

Dos  Bocas . 

_ do . 

Barajagua . 

Paz  de  los  Naranjos . 

Damajayabo . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Zacatecas . 

Daiquiri . 


Cristo. 

....do 


Municipal  district,  Cristo. 


Municipal  district,  El  Cobre. 

Cobre . 

_ do . 

Ermitano . 

Asserradero  . . 

Macio . 1 . 

Sevilla . 

Sevilla . 

Dos  Palmas . 

— do . 

Manacas . 

Santa  Rita . . 

Rio  Frio . 

Botija . . 

Cayo  Smit . . 

Caimanes . 

Brazo  de  Cauto . 

_ do . 

Hongolosongo . . 

_ do . 

Nima  Mima . 


Manuel  Valiente. 
Alfonso  Anaya. 

Jos6  Busquet. 
Aurelio  Cabrera. 
Manuel  Domingo. 
Alberto  Ybarra. 
Rafael  Lopes. 

Julio  Rojas. 

Manuel  Villalon. 
Santiago  Soto. 

Otavio  Mena. 
Domingo  Fernandez. 
Felix  Carbonell. 
Ernesto  Brioso. 

Luis  Rodridgues. 


Frederico  Cutie. 
Francisco  Gramatges. 


Santiago  Jambu. 
Urbano  Justiz. 
Frederico  Bolivar. 
Josd  Niubo. 

Carlos  Pillot. 

Rafael  Palacios. 
Tomas  Garzon. 
Evaristo  Hernandez. 
Domingo  Zambrano. 
Miguel  Balanzd. 
Pedro  Couret. 
Fulgencio  Diaz. 
Ricardo  Carulla. 
Marcial  Laguna. 
Franco.  Gutinez. 
Federico  Jaen. 

Pedro  Almirall. 
Franco.  Fablada. 
Jos6  Estrada. 

Franco.  Bonne. 


No. 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 

142 

143 

144 

145 

146 

147 

148 

149 

150 

151 

152 

153 

154 

155 

156 

157 

158 

159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  GUANTANAMO. 

Municipal  district,  Guantanamo. 

Mercado  (poblado) . 

Rastro  (poblado) . 

Ysleta . 

Caimanera . . . . 

Ocujal  y  Bugues . 

Arroyo  Hondo . . 

Casisey  Abajo . . 

Rio  Seco . 

- do . 

Baitiquiri . 

Glorieta . 

Glorieta  (poblado) . 

Hospital  (poblado) . 

Yndios . 

Jaibo  Abajo . . 

Corralillo . . 

Vinculo . . 

Gobierno  (poblado) . 

Caridad  (poblado) . 

Guaso . 

- do . . 

Jamaica . . 

_ do . 

Casinibae . 

Casisey  Arriba . 

Sigual . 

Palmar . 

_ do . 

Yateras . . 

_ do . 

Cuatro  Caminos . 

Parroquia  (poblado) . 

Bano . 

Jaibo  Arriba . . 

Palma  San  Juan . 

Camarones . . 

Lajas . . 

. do . 

Tiguabos . . 

_ do . 

Macuriges . . 


Jos6  L.  Espino. 

Francisco  A.  Laguna. 
Vicente  Aguirre  y  Cbauveax. 
Franco.  Berengues. 

Maximo  Diaz. 

Victor  Deville. 

Juan  Danguillecourt. 

Andres  Garcia. 

Manuel  Soler. 

Rafael  Dias  Purtillos. 

Arturo  Duharte. 

Justo  Giro. 

Rafael  Diaz. 

Jos6  Cisneros  Diaz. 

Miguel  Portuondo. 

Lorenzo  Sainz. 

Manuel  Ponteau. 

Angel  Raveto. 

Manuel  Portuondo. 

R6mulo  Barradat. 

Luis  Megret. 

Santiago  Espino. 

Rafael  Mestre. 

Antonio  Soto. 

Ramon  Domingo. 

Bandilio  Sallan. 

Julio  Kelly. 

Jos6  Rodrigues. 

Juan  S.  Aguilera. 

Octavio  Lay. 

Alberto  Gonzalez. 

Enrique  Marti. 

Luis  Soler. 

Franco.  Ramon. 

Saturnino  Planes. 

Pedro  Ferran. 

Pedro  Mirabal. 

Arturo  U.  Armesto. 

Franco.  Garcia. 

Agustin  Collantes. 

Francisco  Perez  Andr6s. 


Municipal  district,  Sagua  de  Tanamo. 


Sagua  de  Tanamo 

Zabala . 

Miguel . 

Bazan . 

Juan  Diaz . 

Esteron . 

Calabazas . 


Jos6  Ma.  Ver&nes. 
Eladio  Osono. 
Eladio  Velazquez. 
Enrique  Cheda. 
Agustin  Revi. 

Luis  Fiffe. 

Ygnacio  Boladeres. 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  MANZANILLO. 

Municipal  district,  Manzanillo. 


Manzanillo. 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

. do . 

De  Oro . 

I)e  Plata _ 

Esperanza . . 

. do . . 

El  Cano  .... 

Yara . 

. do . 

Blanquizal . 

Jibacoa . 

. do . 


Zarzal . !  Manuel  Suris. 


Jaime  E  Ram6n. 

Filberto  Zayas. 

Eugenio  Fernandez. 

JosC  C.  Guerra. 

Jos6  Ros  Ros. 

Emilio  Forment  Rovira, 
Jos6  Vails  Ech&niz. 
Celedonia  Rodriguez. 
Manuel  T.  Herr  andez. 
Miguel  Benarides  Martinez. 
Maximiliano  Diaz. 

Franco.  Antunez. 

Pedro  Vazquez  Marti. 
Vicente  Perez  Ztinigo. 

Juan  Leon  Casillo. 

Carlos  Bertot. 

Jaime  Santisteban. 

Pablo  Roget  Samarra. 


No. 

174 

175 

176 

177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

185 

186 

187 

188 

189 

190 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

196 

197 

198 

199 

200 

201 

202 

203 

204 

205 

206 

207 

208 

209 

210 

211 

212 

213 

214 

215 

216 

217 

218 

219 

220 

221 

222 

223 

224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

231 


APPENDIX  XIII 


693 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


judicial  district,  Manzanillo — continued. 
Municipal  district,  Manzanillo — Continued. 


Zarzal . 

Congo . 

Congo,  Calicito  Esperanza  y  Jibacoa 

Calicito . 

Media  Luna . 

_ do . 

Yicana . 

Media  Luna . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 


Municipal  district,  Campechucla. 

Campechuela . . 

....do . 

_ do . . 

Tercero . . 

_ do . 

Cuarto . . 

_ do . 

....do . 


Municipal  district,  Niquero. 

Primero . 

Cuarto . 

Primero  y  Segundo . 

Segundo . 


judicial  district,  bay amo. 

Municipal  district,  Bayamo. 

San  Juan . 

Cristo . 

Laguna  Blanca . 

Cauto  del  Embarcadero . 

_ do . 

Guamo . 

Vequita . 

_ do . . . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Bueycito . 

Guisa . 

_ do . 

_ do . . 

_ do . 

Datil . 

Barrancas . 

Horno . 


Municipal  district,  Jiguani. 

Jiguani . 

Baire . 

_ do . 

Santa  Rita . 

Babiney . 

_ do . 

Ventas . 

Calabazar  . 

Rinconada  . 


JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  HOLGUIN. 

Municipal  district,  Holguin. 

Holguin . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

San  Agustin . 

_ do . 

San  Andres . 


Enumerators. 


Daniel  Presilla. 

Enlensipo  L.  Merchonchin. 
Bernado  Aces  Ros. 

Luis  Frias. 

Jos6  Rodes. 

Jos6  Y.  Elias. 

Tomas  Gonzalez. 

Joaquin  Codina. 

Eugenio  Rodes. 

Edelberto  Dominguez. 
Enrique  Portales. 


America  Betancourt. 
Manuel  Navarrete. 
Pedro  Figuerede. 
Manuel  E.  y  Estrada. 
Endaldo  Manrique. 
Maximillian  Garcia. 
Juan  Fernandez. 
Luis  Bertran. 


Enrique  Cespedes. 
Dominador  de  la  Guardia. 
Antonio  Saumell. 

Eduardo  Roca  Roca. 


Antonio  Pacheco. 
Jorge  Chaves. 

Rafael  V.  Ros. 
Miguel  Figueredo. 
Armado  Prats. 

Jose  Chev6n. 

Pablo  Hernandez. 
Jorge  Bonet. 
Yldefonso  Presilla. 
Manuel  Tornaris. 
Julio  Cespedes. 
Rafael  Parreque. 
Porfisio  Bonet. 
Rafael  R.  Corrias. 
Hiram  Tamayo. 
Ysmael  C.  y  Estrada. 
Esteban  Castro. 
Ignacio  Tamayo. 


Joaquin  Escalante. 
Luis  Dudefaix. 
Demetrio  Lora. 
Enrique  Maspons. 
Anibal  V.  Escalante. 
Agustin  Casasaya. 
Joaquin  E.  Beaton. 
Narciso  Feros. 
Eduardo  Kirch. 


Jos6  Bal&n. 

Jos6  R.  Torres. 

Jos6  Dominices. 

Rafael  Betancourt. 

Rafael  de  la  Cruz. 

Pedro  Fuentes  Garcia. 

Rafael  Pena  and  Luis  F.  Rubio. 
R.  Zayas. 


< 


\J  1/ 

No. 

232 

233 

234 

235 

236 

237 

238 

239 

240 

241 

242 

243 

244 

245 

246 

247 

248 

249 

250 

251 

252 

253 

254 

255 

256 

257 

258 

259 

260 

261 

262 

263 

264 

265 

266 

267 

268 

269 

270 

271 

272 

273 

274 

275 

276 

277 

278 

279 

280 

281 

282 

283 

284 

285 

286 

287 

288 

289 

290 

291 

292 

293 

294 

295 

296 

297 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Enumerators. 


Designation. 


judicial  district,  holguin — continued. 


Municipal  district,  Holguin— Continued. 


Unas . 

Velazco . 

Auras . 

_ do . 

La  Palma . 

_ do . 

La  Palma . 

Alcaic . 

Alcaic,  San  Fernando. 

Bijaru . 

. do . 

Tacamara . 

San  Pedro  de  Cacacum 

Cabazuela . 

Ceigo  de  la  Rioja . 

Aguas  Claras . 

Corralito . 

Sao  Arriba . 

Cuabas  . 

Yareyal . 

Purnio . 

Camazan . 

Tara  jo . 

Alfonsos . 

San  Lorenzo . 


J.  Ange  Salazar. 

Manuel  Hidalgo  Gutierrez. 
Julio  Albarres. 

Jos6  Arbina. 

Angel  Rodriguez. 

Miguel  Buzon. 

Miguel  Montero. 

Juan  de  la  Cruz. 

Esteban  Ulloa. 

Fernando  Aguilera. 

Jose  Heredia. 

Gustavo  Ochoa. 

Plutarco  Artigas. 

Rodolfo  Roj&s. 

Justo  Aguilera. 

Rafael  Rodriguez. 

Antonio  Gutierrez. 
Eduardo  Lopez. 

Martin  Sanchez. 

Joaquin  y  Romen. 

Ramon  Suarez  Gorgas. 

L.  M.  Dias. 

Pedro  Rodriguez. 

Armando  de  Zayas. 
Manuel  Dositeo  Aguilera. 


Municipal  district,  Gibara. 


Gibara . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Pueblo  Nuevo,  Tasajera,  Aguadas  y  Hoyos  Limones,  y 
Rio  Seco. 

Bocas  1st,  Sama,  Arriba  y  Blanquizal . 

_ do . 

Arroyo  Blanco  y  Pozo  Blanco . 

Potrerillo . . . 

Flores  . 

Fray  Benito . 

Santa  Lucia . 

_ do . 

Sama  and  Yaguajay . 

Beguitas . 

Guira,  Angeles  y  Duruth . 

Banes.  Torrouteras  Veguitas,  Pasadero,  Tasajiras,  Arro¬ 
yo,  Esterito,  Los  Pasos  y  Mulas. 

Jobabo . 

Yabazon . 

Candelaria . 

Cantimplora . 

Santa  Rosalia . 

Bariai . 


Atanasio  Riancho. 

Juan  Martinez. 

Jos6  de  los  Rios. 

Florencio  V.  Alberti. 
Manuel  Betancourt. 

Abelardo  Rodriguez. 
Manuel  Balan. 

Emiliano  Guide. 
Victoriano  Alberti. 
Francisco  Romen. 
Forcuato  Varona. 

F.  Anguera. 

Jesus  Manduley. 

Ygnacio  Sanchez. 

Adolfo  Alberti. 

Bartolom6  Lopes. 

Diego  Yebra. 

Constantino  Pupo. 
Manuel  Sartorio. 
Feliciano  E.  Hidalgo. 
Antonio  Giro  Casahas. 
Francisco  de  P.  Robinson. 
Aristides  Ochoa. 


Municipal  district,  Puerto  Padre. 


Puerto  Padre . 

_ do . . 

Vedado . 

San  Manuel . . 

_ do . 

Tunas . . 

Manati  y  Oriente . 

Cauto  del  Paso . 

Arenas . . 

Curana . 

Playuelas . 

Palmarito . 

Casimri . 

Oriente . 

Ojo  del  Agna . 

Maniabon . 

Tarey,  Vedado  y  Ojo  del  Agua 
Chaparra . . . . . . 


Eliezcr  Artola  Vialle. 
Enrique  Rosendo. 
Fernando  Garcia. 

Angel  Rodriguez. 

M.  Reyes. 

Juan  Sabari. 

Manuel  Artine  v  Fayardo. 
Luis  Lora  Frimeta. 
Mariano  Lerma. 

Jose  L.  Villoch. 

Francisco  Domingo. 
Federico  Morel. 

Fernando  Perez  Puelles. 
Agusto  Lerma. 

Augusto  Font. 

Manuel  Pereda. 

Olan  Bastita. 

Gabriel  Gonzales. 


APPENDIX  XIV. 


695 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


298 

299 

300 

301 

302 

303 

304 

305 

306 


307 

308 

309 

310 

311 

312 

313 

314 

315 

316 

317 

318 

319 

320 

321 

322 

323 

324 

325 

326 

327 

328 

329 

330 

331 

332 

333 


judicial  district,  holguin— continued. 

Municipal  district,  Mayari. 

San  Gregorio . 

Biran . 

Sabanilla . 

Cabonico . . 

El  Chucho . 

Guayabo . 

Braguetudos . . 

Chavaleta . . 

Barajagua . 

JUDICIAL  DISTRICT,  BARACOA. 

Municipal  district,  Baracoa. 

Baracoa  . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

- do . 

Cuaba  y  Hoyos . 

Cabacu  . 

Giiiniao . 

Duaba . 

Toar . 

Nibujon . 

Canete . 

Mata . . . 

Sitio . 

Guandao  . 

Sabanilla . 

Sabana . 

Quern  ados . 

Vertientes . 

Gran  Tierra . 

Monte  Cristo . 

Vequita . 

Ymias . 

Jauco . 

— do . 

Maisi . 

Jamal . 

Mandinga . 


Franklin  Argilagos. 
Jos6  Rivas. 

Jos6  Martinez. 

Alfredo  Gonzalez. 
Francisco  Leyte  Vidal. 
Eduardo  Torrents. 
Fran.  Mastrapa. 
Eduardo  Duboy. 
Benito  Quintero. 


Francisco  Alonso. 
Miguel  V.  Perellada. 
Jos6  G.  Rubio. 

Franco.  E.  Palomares. 
Esteban  Rojas. 

Pedro  Sanchez. 
Antonio  Conde. 

Pedro  Godoy. 

Luis  A.  Urgelles. 
Salvador  Selva. 

Pedro  C.  Perez. 
Bartolo  Curza. 
Aurelio  Lores. 
Franco.  Conde. 

Carlos  Crosa. 

Sixto  Torres. 

Manuel  Galano. 
Rafael  Masso. 

Jos6  Roses. 

Bartolom6  LegrA 
Pablo  Fonseco. 

Eliseo  Matos. 

E.  Cadiz. 

Joaquin  Romani. 
Arturo  Daumery. 
Tomas  Lingoya. 
Virgitio  Diaz. 


APPENDIX  XIY. 

CONTRACT  FOR  TABULATING  THE  ENUMERATION  OF  THE  POPULA¬ 
TION  OF  THE  ISLANDS  OF  CUBA  AND  PORTO  RICO. 

Whereas  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company,  through  its  general  manager,  Herman 
Hollerith,  has  submitted  an  offer  to  the  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba  and  Porto 
Rico  to  tabulate  the  enumeration  of  the  population  of  the  said  islands,  and  said 
Director  has  concluded  to  accept  said  proposition, 

It  is  hereby  agreed  by  and  between  Colonel  J.  P.  Sanger,  Director  of  the  Census 
of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  the  Tabulating  Machine  Com¬ 
pany,  a  corporation  of  the  State  of  New  York,  party  of  the  second  part,  as  follows: 

The  party  of  the  second  part,  in  consideration  of  the  payments  to  be  made  to  it  as 
hereinafter  provided,  agrees  to  tabulate  by  the  Hollerith  tabulating  system,  and 
under  the  direction  of  its  general  manager,  the  enumeration  of  the  population  of  the 
islands  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  from  the  schedules  to  be  delivered  to  it  by  the  party 
of  the  first  part  according  to  the  twenty-two  (22)  tables  heretofore  submitted. 

The  party  of  the  first  part  hereby  agrees  to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  second  part  for 


696 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


such  tabulation  the  sum  of  three  and  one-half  (3£)  cents  for  each  person,  and  one 
(1)  cent  for  each  building  enumerated,  as  follows: 

Eight-tenths  (0.8)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
1  and  2. 

Three-tenths  (0.3)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
3  and  4. 

Three-tenths  (0.03)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of 
tables  5  and  7. 

Forty-five  hundredths  (0.45)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabula¬ 
tion  of  tables  8,  9,  and  10. 

Seventy-five  hundredths  (0.75)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabu¬ 
lation  of  tables  11,  12,  13,  14,  and  15. 

Nine-tenths  (0.9)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  and  21. 

The  payments  for  tabulating  tables  1  and  2,  and  for  tabulating  tables  3  and  4,  are 
to  be  made  on  the  completion  of  such  tables  for  each  province  of  Cuba  and  depart¬ 
ment  of  Porto  Rico,  and  for  the  remaining  tables  5  to  22  inclusive,  on  completion  of 
such  tables  for  each  island. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  agrees  to  commence  such  tabulation  without  delay 
upon  receipt  of  the  schedules  from  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  to  proceed  with 
and  complete  said  tabulation  with  diligence  and  dispatch. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  further  agrees  to  tabulate  the  schedules  relating  to 
agriculture  and  schools  for  said  islands  according  to  such  tables  as  may  be  required 
by  the  party  of  the  first  part,  for  which  tabulations  the  party  of  the  first  part  agrees 
to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  second  part,  in  addition  to  the  payments  above  provided 
for,  the  actual  cost  of  such  tabulation  (which  shall  include  rent,  clerk  hire,  mate¬ 
rial,  and  all  other  expenses)*  plus  ten  (10)  per  cent  of  such  cost  for  the  services  of 
the  party  of  the  second  part  for  superintending  and  directing  the  work. 

The  party  of  the  first  part  may  at  any  time  discontinue  the  tabulation  of  the 
schedules  relating  to  agriculture  and  schools  by  giving  written  notice  to  that  effect 
to  the  party  of  the  second  part;  and  in  such  event  all  records  and  results  are  to  be 
delivered  to  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  the  party  of  the  second  part  shall  be 
paid  for  the  cost  of  the  work  plus  said  ten  (10)  per  cent  for  services,  to  the  date  of 
the  receipt  of  such  notice  by  the  party  of  the  second  part. 

In  witness  whereof  the  parties  aforesaid  have  executed  this  agreement  in  quadru¬ 
plicate,  and  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  affixed  their  seals  this  1st  day  of 
February,  A.  D.  1900. 

Signed  by  contracting  parties  and  witnessed. 


APPENDIX  XV. 

LIST  OF  GOVERNORS  OF  THE  ISLAND  OF  CUBA. 


No. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 


Date. 

Name,  etc. 

1512 . • . 

Diego  Velazquez,  Lieutenant-Governor. 

Manuel  de  Rojas,  Lieutenant-Governor,  provisional. 

Juan  de  Altamirano,  Lieutenant-General. 

Gonzalo  de  Guzman,  Lieutenant-General. 

Manuel  de  Rojas,  Lieutenant-Governor,  provisional. 
Gonzalo  de  Guzman,  Lieutenant-Governor. 

Hernando  de  Soto,  Governor-General. 

Juan  de  A  Vila, Governor-General. 

Antonio  Chavez,  Governor-General. 

Gonzalo  Perez  de  Angulo,  Governor-General. 

Diego  de  Mazariegos,  Governor-General. 

1524 . 

1525 . 

1526 . 

1532 . 

1535 . 

1538 . 

1544 . 

1546 . 

1550 . 

1556 . 

No. 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

5 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 


APPENDIX  XV. 


697 


List  of  governors  of  the  island  of  Cuba — Continued. 


Date. 


Name,  etc. 


1565 . 

1568 . 

1573.' . 

1577 . 

1579 . 

1581 . 

1589 . 

1594 . 

1602 . 

1608 . 

1616 . 

1620 . 

1620 . 

Aug.  14, 1620 


1624 

1624 

1625 
1630 
1634 
1639 
1647 
1653 
1655 
1658 

1663 

1664 
1670 
1680 
1685 


1687 

1689 

1695. 

1702 

1705 


1706 . 

1708 . 

1711 . . 

1713 . . 

1716  . 

1717  . 

1717 . 

1724 . 

1734 . . 

1745 . 

1745 . 

1747 . 

1760  . 

1761  . . 

July  1,1762  . 
June,  1765  . . 
July,  1765... 

Mar.  19, 1766 

1771 . . 

June,  1777  .. 
May,  1781 . . . 

1782 . 

1785 . . 


Dec.  28, 1785 . 

Apr.  20, 1789 . 

July  8,1790  . 

Dec.  6, 1796 . 

May  13, 1799  . 

Apr.  14, 1812 . 

July  2,1816 . 

Apr.  20, 1819 . 

Mar.  3, 1821 . 

July  22, 1822  . 

May  2, 1823  . 

May  15, 1832  . 

June  1, 1834 . 

From  June  1, 1834,  to  Apr.  16, 1838 
From  Apr.  16, 1838,  to  Feb.,  1840. . 
Feb.,  1840,  to  May  10,1841 . 


Francisco  Garcia  Osorio,  Governor-General. 

Pedro  Menendez  de  Avilis,  Governor-General. 

Gabriel  Montalvo,  Governor-General. 

Francisco  Carreno,  Governor-General. 

Gaspar  de  Torres,  Governor-General,  provisional. 

Gabriel  de  Lujan,  Captain-General. 

Juan  de  Tejada,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Maldonado  Balnuevo,  Captain-General. 

Pedro  Valdes  Balnueva,  Captain-General. 

Gaspar  Ruiz  de  Pereda,  Captain-General. 

Sancho  de  Alguizaz,  Captain-General. 

Geronimo  de  Quero,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Diejo  Vallejo,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  de  Venegas,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Esquivil,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Juan  Riva  Martin,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Garcia  Giron  de  Loaysa,  Captain-General,  provisional. 
Cristobal  de  Aranda,"  Captain-General,  provisional. 
Lorenzo  de  Cabrera,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Bitrian  de  Viamontes,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Riano  de  Gamboa,  Captain-General. 

Alvaro  de  Luna,  Captain-General. 

Diego  de  Villalba,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Xeldes,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Montano,  Captain-General. 

Juan  de  Salamanca,  Captain-General. 

Rodrigo  de  Flores,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Ddirla,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  de  Ledesma,  Captain-General. 

Jose  Fernandez  de  Cordoba,  Captain-General. 

Andres  Munibe,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Manuel  Murguia,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Diego  de  Viana,  Captain-General. 

Severino  de  Manraneda,  Captain-General. 

Diego  de  Cordoba,  Captain-General. 

Pedro  Benites  de  Lugo,  Captain-General. 

Nicolds  Chirino,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Luis  Chacon,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Pedro  Alvares  Villarin,  Captain-General. 

Laureano  de  Torres,  Captain-General. 

Luis  Chacon,  Captain-General. 

Laureano  de  Torres,  Captain-General. 

Vicente  Raja,  Captain-General. 

Gomez  de  Alvarez,  Captain-General. 

Gregorio  Guazo,  Captain-General. 

Dionisio  Martinez,  Captain-General. 

Juan  F.  Guemes,  Captain-General. 

Juan  A.  Tineo,  Captain-General. 

Diego  Pinalosa,  Captain-General. 

Francisco  Cagigal,  Captain-General. 

Pedro  Alonso,  Captain-General. 

Juan  de  Prado  Portocarrero,  Captain-General. 

Ambrosio  Villalpando,  Count  of  Ricla,  Captain-General. 
Diego  Manrique,  Captain-General. 

Pascual  Jimenez  de  Cisneros,  Captain-General,  provi¬ 
sional. 

Antonio  M.  Bucarely,  Captain-General. 

Marques  de  la  Torre,  Captain-General. 

Diego  J.  Navarro,  Captain-General. 

Juan  M.  Cagigal,  Captain-General. 

Luis  de  Unzaga,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Bernardo  Troncoso,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Jos6  Espeleta,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Domingo  Cabello,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Josd  Espeleta,  Captain-General. 

Domingo  Cabello,  Captain-General,  provisional. 

Luis  de  las  Casas,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Bassecourt,  Captain-General. 

Salvador  de  Muro,  Captain-General. 

Juan  Ruiz  de  Apodaca,  Captain-General. 

Jos6  Cienfuegos,  Captain-General. 

Juan  M.  Cagigal,  Captain-General. 

Nicolds  de  Mahy,  Captain-General. 

Sebastian  Kindelan,  Captain-General,  provisional. 
Dionisio  Viv6s.  Given  absolute  authority  by  royal  de¬ 
cree  of  1825. 

Mariano  Rocafort.  Given  absolute  authority  by  royal 
decree  of  1825. 

Miguel  Tacon.  Given  absolute  authority  by  royal  decree 
of  1825. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Miguel  Tacdn  y  Rosique,  Captain-General. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Joquin  Ezpeleta  y  Enrille. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Pedro  Tellez  de  Gironm,  Prince  of  Anglona. 


698 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

List  of  governors  of  the  island  of  Cuba — Continued. 


No. 


Date. 


91  From  May  10, 1841,  to  Sept.  15, 1843 

92  Sept.  15  to  Oct.  26, 1843  . 


93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 


Oct.  26, 1843,  to  Mar.  20. 1848 . 

From  Mar.  20, 1848,  to  Nov.  13, 1850 
From  Nov.  13, 1850,  to  Apr.  22, 1852 
From  Apr.  22, 1852,  to  Dec.  3, 1853. . 
From  Dec.  3, 1853,  to  Sept.  21, 1854. 
From  Sept.  14, 1854,  to  Nov.  24, 1859 


99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 
111 
112 


From  Nov.  14, 1859,  to  Dec.  10, 1862  . . . 
From  Dec.  10, 1862,  to  May  30, 1866  . . . 

From  May  30, 1866,  to  Nov.  3, 1866 _ 

From  Nov.  3, 1866,  to  Sept.  24,  1867,  on 
which  date  he  died. 

From  Sept.  24, 1867,  to  Dec.  12, 1867. . . 

From  Dec.  13, 1867,  to  Jan.  4, 1869 . 

From  Jan.  4, 1869,  to  June  2, 1869 . 

From  June  2, 1869,  to  June  28, 1869. . . 
From  June  28, 1869,  to  Dec.  15, 1870. . . 
From  Dec.  15, 1870,  to  July  11, 1872  . . . 
From  July  11, 1872,  to  Apr.  18, 1873  . . . 

From  Apr.  18  to  Nov.  4, 1873 . 

From  Nov.  4, 1873,  to  Apr.  7, 1874 . 

From  Apr.  7,  1874,  to  May  8, 1875 . 


113 

114 

115 


From  May  8  to  June  8,  1875 . 

From  June  8,  1875,  to  Jan.  18, 1876  _ 

From  Jan.  18, 1876,  to  June  18, 1878 _ 


116 

117 

118 
119 


From  Oct.  8,  1876,  to  Feb.  5,1879.. 
From  Feb.  5,  1879,  to  Apr.  17,1879. 
From  Apr.  17,  1879,  to  Nov.  28, 1881 
From  Nov.  28, 1881,  to  Aug.  5, 1883. 


120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 


From  Aug.  5,  1883,  to  Sept.  28, 1883  . 
From  Sept.  28, 1883,  to  Nov.  8, 1884 . 
From  Nov.  8, 1884,  to  Mar.  25, 1886. . 
From  Mar.  25,  1886,  to  July  15,1887. 
From  July  15, 1887,  to  Mar.  13, 1889  . 
From  Mar.  13, 1889;  died  Feb.  6, 1890 
From  Feb.  6, 1890,  to  Apr.  4, 1900. . . 
From  Apr.  4,  1890,  to  Aug.  20, 1890  . 
From  Aug.  20,  1890,  to  June  20, 1892 
From  June  20,1892;  died  July  15, 1893. 
From  July  15, 1893,  to  Sept.  5, ’1893. . 
From  Sept.  5, 1893,  to  Apr.  16, 1895. . 
From  Apr.  16,  1895,  to  Jan.  20, 1896. 
From  Jan.  20, 1896,  to  Feb.  11, 1896  . 
From  Feb.  11, 1896,  to  Oct.  31, 1897. . 
From  Oct.  31, 1897,  to  Nov.  30, 1898  . 
From  Nov.  30,  1898,  to  Jan.  1, 1899,  at 
12  noon. 


Name,  etc. 


Lieut.  Gen.  Geronimo  Valdes  y  Sierra. 

Lieut.  Gen.  of  the  Royal  Navy,"  Francisco  Javier  de  Ulloa, 
provisional. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Leopoldo  O’Donnell  y  Joris,  Count  of  Lucena. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Federico  Roncali,  Count  of  Alcoy. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Jose  Gutierrez  de  la  Concha. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Valentin  Canedo  Miranda. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Juan  de  la  Pezuela,  Marquis  de  la  Pezuela. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Josd  Gutierrez  de  la  Concha,  Marquis  of  Ha- 
bana,  second  time. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Francisco  Serrano,  Duke  de  la  Torre. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Domingo  Dulce  y  Garay. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Francisco  Lersundi. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Joaquin  del  Manzano  y  Manzano. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Bids  Villate,  Count  of  Valmaseda. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Francisco  Lersundi. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Domingo  Dulce  y  Garay,  second  time. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Felipe  Ginovds  del  Esp'inar,  provisional. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Antonio  Ferndndez  y  Caballero  de  Rodas. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Bids  Villate,  Count  of  Valmaseda. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Francisco  Ceballos  y  Vargas. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Cdndido  Pieltain  y  Jove-Huelgo. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Joaquin  Jovellar  y  Soler,  first  time. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Josd  Gutierrez  de  la  Concha,  Marquis  of  Ha- 
bana. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Buenaventura  Carbo,  provisional. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Bids  Villate,  Count  of  Valmaseda,  third  time. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Joaquin  Jovellar  y  Soler.  He  was  under  Mar¬ 
tinez  Campos,  who  was  the  general  in  chief. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Arsenio  Martinez  Campos. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Cayetano  Figueroa  y  Garaondo,  provisional. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Ra'mdn  Blanco  y  Erenas. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Luis  Prendergast  y  Gordon,  Marquis  of  Victo¬ 
ria  de  las  Tunas. 

General  of  Division  Tomds  de  Reyna  y  Reyna,  provisional. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Ignacio  Maria  del  Castillo. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Ramon  Fajardo  d  Izquierdo. 

Lieut  Gen.  Emilio  Calleja  d  Isasi. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Sabds  Marin  y  Gonzalez. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Manuel  Salamanca  y  Begrete. 

General  of  Division  Josd  Sanchez  Gomez,  provisional. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Josd  Chinchilla  y  Diez  de  Onate. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Camilo  Polavieja  y  del  Castillo. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Alejandro  Rodriguez  Arias. 

General  of  Division  Josd  Arderius  y  Garcia,  provisional. 
Lieut.  Gen.  Emilio  Calleja  d  Isasi. 

Capt.  Gen.  Arsenio  Martinez  Campos. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Sabds  Marin  y  Gonzalez. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Valeriano  Weyler  y  Nicolau. 

Capt.  Gen.  Ramdn  Blanco  y  Erenas. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Adolfo  Jimines  Castellanos. 


APPENDIX  XVI. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  MUNICIPAL  DISTRICTS. 


Year  of 
forma¬ 
tion. 

Year  of 
forma¬ 
tion. 

Habana: 

Habana— Continued. 

Aguacate . 

1879 

Guira  de  Melena . 

1879 

Ahjuizar . 

1879 

Habana  . . 

Barnoa  . 

1879 

Tsla  da  Pinos . 

Batabano . 

1879 

.Tarneo . . . . . 

1783 

Bauta . 

1879 

Mad  ruga . 

1866 

Bejucal . 

1711 

Manangua  . 

1879 

Cano . 

1879 

Marianao  . _ . . 

1879 

Casiguas . 

1894 

Melina  dal  Snr  . 

1878 

Catalina . 

1879 

Nnpva  Paz  . 

1866 

Ceiba  del  Agua . 

1879 

Pipian  . 

Guanabacoa  . 

1555 

Quivicau . 

Guara . 

1882 

Regia . 

1879 

Guinea . 

1815 

Salud . 

1879 

APPENDIX  XVI. 


699 


ORGANIZATION  OF  MUNICIPAL  DISTRICTS— Continued. 


Year  of 
forma¬ 
tion. 


Year  of 
forma¬ 
tion. 


Habana— Continued. 


San  Antonio  de  las  Yegas . 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos . 

San  Felipe . 

San  Jos6  de  las  Lajas . 

San  Nicolas . 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  (made  from 
Jibacoa  and  San  Antonio  del 


1879 
1795 

1880 
1879 


Rio  Blanco) 


Santa  Maria  del  Rosario 
Santiago  de  las  Vegas. . . 

Tapaste . 

Vereda  Nueva . 


1732 

1745 

1879 

1881 


Matanzas: 


Alacranes  (formerly  Alfonzo  XII). 

Bolondron . 

Cabezas . 

Canasi . 

Cardenas . 

Carlos  Rojas  (formerly  Cimar¬ 
ron  es)  . 

Colon . 

Cuevitas . 

Guamacaro . 

Jaguey  Grande  (formerly  part  of 

Colon) . 

Jovellanos . 

Macagua . 

Macuriges . 

Marti  (formerly  Guamutas) . 

Matanzas . 

Maximo  Gomez  (formerly  Guana- 

jayabo) . 

Mendez  Capote  (formerly  Lagunil- 

las) . . 

Palmillas  (formerly  Manguito).... 

Perico  (formerly  Cervantes) . 

Roque  . 

Sabanilla . 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos . 

Santa  Ana  (formerly  Cidra) . 

Union  de  Reyes . 

Pinar  del  Rio: 


18G2 

1879 

1878 

1879 
1860 

1879 

1858 

1879 

1879 

1898 

1866 

1879 

1879 

1879 

1694 

1879 

1879 

1880 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 


Artemisa . 

Bahia  Honda . 

Cabanas  . 

Candelaria . 

Consolacion  del  Norte 
Consolacibn  del  Sur. . . 


1879 

1860 

1879 

1879 


Guana  jay . 

Guane  . 

Guayabal . 

Julian  Diaz  (formerly  Paso  Real 

de  San  Diego) . 

Los  Palacios . 

Mantua . 

Mariel . 


1879 

1879 

1879 

1897 

1879 

1866 

1866 


Pinar  del  Rio 


San  Cristobal . 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos 
San  Diego  de  Nunez  . . . 
San  Juan  y  Martinez  .. 
San  Luis . 


1858 

1863 

1879 


Yin  ales 


Puerto  Principe: 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

Moron . 

1870 

Nuevitas . 

1860 

Puerto  Principe . 

1514 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur . 

1871 

Santa  Clara: 

Abreus . 

1879 

Caibarien . 

1879 

Calabazar . 

1879 

Camijuani . 

1878 

Cartagena . 

1878 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

1879 

Cienfuegos . 

1829 

Cifuentes  (formerlv  Amaro) . 

Cruces  . . i . 

1879 

Esperanza . 

1879 

Palmira . 

1879 

Placetas  . 

1879 

Quemado  de  Guines . 

1879 

Rancho  Veloz . 

1879 

Ranchuelo . 

1878 

Rodas . 

1879 

Sagua  la  Grande . 

1842 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas . 

1878 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

1514 

San  Diego  del  Valle . 

1879 

San  Fernando  (formerly  Carnaro- 
nes) . 

1879 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras . 

1879 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios . . . 

Santa  Clara . 

1514 

1690 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas . 

1879 

Santo  Domingo . 

1879 

Santiago: 

Alto  Songo . 

1879 

Baracoa . 

1512 

Bavamo . 

1514 

Cainpechuela  (formerly  part  of 
Manzanillo) . 

1898 

Caney . 

Cob re . 

1558 

Christo  (formerly  part  of  Manza¬ 
nillo)  . 

1898 

Gibara  . 

1823 

Guantanamo . 

1860 

Holguin . 

1751 

Jiquani . 

Manzanillo . 

1833 

Mayari . 

1878 

Niquero  (formerly  part  of  Manza¬ 
nillo)  . 

Palma  Soriano  (formerly  part  of 
Santiago) . 1 . . . 

1899 

Puerto  Padre  (formerly  Victoria 
de  las  Tunas) . 

1898 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 

1879 

San  Luis  (formerly  part  of  Santi¬ 
ago)  . 

1898 

Santiago . 

1514 

Memorandum  on  Territorial  Changes  since  1861. 

A  glance  at  two  maps  of  Cuba,  one  published  about  the  middle  of  this  century  and 
one  of  later  date  than  1878,  shows  at  once  two  different  sets  of  political  subdivisions 
in  the  island.  For  a  comparison  of  the  census  of  1861  with  that  of  1887  it  is  neces¬ 
sary,  first  of  all,  to  determine  as  exactly  as  possible  what  relation  the  limits  of  the 
provinces,  the  largest  political  divisions  of  the  island  in  1887,  bear  to  the  much 
smaller  distritos  gubernativos  existing  in  1861.  This  is  in  order  one  may  be  sure  that 
the  statistics  which  are  to  be  compared  deal  in  every  case  with  identical  areas. 

At  the  time  of  the  census  of  1861  Cuba  was  divided  into  two  departments — the 


700 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


departamento  occidental  and  the  departamento  oriental. 1  The  former — the  western  depart¬ 
ment — was  by  far  the  larger,  comprising  fully  two-thirds  of  the  island  and  containing 
twenty-four  distritos  gubernativos.  The  eastern  department  contained  but  eight 
distritos  gubernativos.  The  division  into  departments  seems  to  have  been  a  military 
one,  and  of  little  administrative  importance. 

By  a  royal  decree  in  1878  Cuba  was  divided  into  six  provinces.  These  in  turn 
were  subdivided  into  judicial  districts  (partidos  judiciales) ,  each  of  which  was  com¬ 
posed  of  one  or  more  parishes  (ayunlamientos) .  A  Spanish  authority2  gives  the 
following  reasons  for  this  change: 

“The  royal  decree  of  June  9,  1878,  promulgated  by  the  minister  for  the  provinces 
beyond  the  sea  ( Ultramar ),  changed  the  political  and  administrative  organization  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  making  a  division  of  her  territory  in  harmony  with  her  neces¬ 
sities  and  the  growth  of  her  material  interests.  The  political  disturbances  in  the 
island  had  produced  the  serious  civil  war,  provoked  by  the  enemies  of  Spanish 
domination  in  the  Antilles.  The  war  made  necessary  an  organization  essentially 
military,  adjusted  to  the  conditions  required  for  strategy.  This  has  now  been  con¬ 
tinued  for  some  years  after  the  pacification  of  the  country,  until  the  minds  of  the 
people  have  been  calmed,  and  the  benefits  of  peace,  fostering  all  classes  of  legitimate 
interests,  have  allowed  the  military  activity  to  lessen  and  to  yield  to  the  civil  power 
the  initiative  and  influence  belonging  to  it. 

‘  ‘  By  virtue  of  said  royal  decree  the  territory  of  the  island  of  Cuba  was  divided 
into  the  following  six  provinces:  Pinar  del  Rio,  Habana,  Matanzas,  Santa  Clara, 
Puerto  Rico,  and  Santiago  de  Cuba,  having  at  the  head  of  each  a  civil  governor,  who 
is  directly  under  the  Governor-General  of  the  island.” 

It  was  not  possible  to  find  in  the  documents  examined  any  specific  statement  in 
regard  to  the  areas  of  the  provinces  established  by  the  above  decree  of  1878.  It  there¬ 
fore  became  desirable  to  ascertain  what  light  the  maps  of  Cuba  could  throw  on  the 
subject.  Fortunately,  there  is  in  the  Congressional  Library  a  large  collection  of 
maps  of  the  island,  from  among  which  were  selected,  as  being  the  clearest  and 
most  authoritative,  the  large  map  of  Cuba  published  in  1861  by  J.  H.  Colton,  New 
York,  the  small  hand  map  published  by  the  same  firm  in  1860,  the  large  map  of 
Cuba  made  by  D.  Gordon  Gonzalez  and  published  by  La  Propaganda  Literaria  in 
Habana,  in  1861,  and  the  large  map  published  by  the  United  States  War  Department 
in  1898.  The  Colton  maps  show  better  than  any  of  the  other  maps  in  the  Library 
the  division  into  distritos  gubernativos  as  they  existed  at  the  time  of  the  census  of 
1861.  The  Gonzalez  map  of  1881  also  gives  them,  but  not  clearly.  No  good  map 
of  date  corresponding  to  the  census  of  1887  was  to  be  found,  and  therefore  a  careful 
comparison  of  the  Gonzalez  map  of  1881  was  made  with  the  United  States  War 
Department  map  of  1898.  There  are  maps  in  the  Library  collection  bearing  dates 
between  1887  and  1898,  but  they  are  small  and  do  not  appear  to  be  trustworthy. 
The  United  States  War  Department  map  of  1898  is  not  only  the  most  recent,  but  it 
is  far  the  best  and  most  complete  of  all  the  maps  of  Cuba  in  the  Library  collec¬ 
tion.  One  minor  difference  in  the  boundary  lines  of  the  provinces  between  the  War 
Department  map  of  1898  and  the  Gonzalez  map  of  1881  will  be  explained  in  detail 
later  in  this  report.  Substantially,  however,  the  boundaries  of  the  provinces  have 
remained  unchanged  since  1878. 

A  comparison  of  the  various  maps  cited  above  shows  that  as  a  general  rule  the 
division  lines  between  the  provinces  of  1887  and  later  coincide  with  the  bounda¬ 
ries  of  the  distritos  of  1861.  Thus  Pinar  de  Rio  province  comprises  the  four 
distritos — Pinar  del  Rio,  Bahia  Honda,  Guanajay  or  Mariel,  and  San  Cristobal,  its  east¬ 
ern  boundary  following  the  eastern  boundaries  of  Guanajay  and  San  Cristobal. 

1  Spanish  census  of  1860. 

2  Resena  Geograjica  y  Estadistica  de  Espana,  Madrid,  1888,  pp.  1062,  1063. 


APPENDIX  XVI.  701 

There  are,  however,  three  exceptions  to  this  general  rule  that  province  boundaries 
followed  those  of  the  earlier  distritos. 

The  first  of  the  exceptions  relates  to  the  municipal  district  of  Guines.  When  the 
provinces  were  formed  Guines  was  divided,  the  western  part  going  to  Habana 
province,  the  eastern  to  Matanzas.  The  territory  transferred  to  Matanzas  province 
comprised  the  ayuntamientos  of  Alfonso  XII,  Bolondron,  and  Union  de  Reyes,  as 
given  in  the  census  of  1887.  The  dividing  line  as  given  in  the  Gonzalez  map  of 
1881  varies  somewhat  from  that  in  the  United  States  War  Department  map  of  1898. 
As  most  of  the  territory,  the  status  of  which  is  uncertain,  is  part  of  a  great  marsh 
(Cienaga  de  Zapata)  the  difference  between  the  two  maps  does  not  materially  affect 
the  statistics  of  population.  The  population  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the  old  dis¬ 
trict  of  Guines — the  part  joined  to  Matanzas  province — was  mostly,  in  1861,  settled 
in  the  northern  part,  near  a  line  of  railroad  running  east  and  west  and  connecting 
the  cities  of  Guines  and  Matanzas. 

The  second  exception  relates  to  the  district  of  Sancti  Spiritus.  When  the  prov¬ 
inces  were  organized  this  district  was  divided,  the  division  line  following  the  courses 
of  the  Jatibonico  del  Norte  and  the  Jatibonico  del  Sur  rivers.  The  western  part  was 
assigned  to  the  province  of  Santa  Clara;  and  the  eastern  part,  comprising  the  ayun¬ 
tamientos  of  Moron  and  Ciego  de  Avila,  was  included  in  the  province  of  Puerto 
Principe.  In  1861  the  teritory  affected  was  well  populated. 

The  third  exception,  one  of  slight  importance,  is  a  change  of  division  line  which 
occurs  in  but  one  map.  In  the  War  Department  map  of  1898  the  southeastern 
boundary  of  Puerto  Principe,  separating  it  from  Santiago  de  Cuba,  varies  slightly 
from  that  of  all  the  other  maps  examined.  It  follows  the  Jobaba  River  to  within  a 
few  miles  of  its  mouth,  then  runs  due  west  to  the  Sevilla  River  and  down  that  to 
the  coast.  The  other  maps  make  the  boundary  line  follow  the  Jobaba  River  down 
to  the  coast.  This  also  was  the  boundary  line  of  the  district  of  Puerto  Principe  in 
1861. 1  There  are  no  towns  in  the  narrow  strip  of  coast  in  question,  and  the  variation 
can  have  no  important  bearing  on  the  population  statistics.  In  a  comparison  of  the 
population  statistics  of  1861  with  those  of  1887  care  should  be  taken  to  deduct  the 
figures  of  the  ayuntamientos  of  Alfonzo  XII,  Bolondron,  and  Union  de  Reyes  from 
the  total  population  of  the  nine  districts,  including  Guines,  which  are  now  com¬ 
prised  in  the  province  of  Habana.  The  population  of  the  ayuntamientos  of  Moron 
and  Ciego  de  Avila  should  likewise  be  deducted  from  the  total  of  the  six  districts, 
including  Sancti  Spiritus,  which  are  now  comprised  in  the  province  of  Santa  Clara. 

In  the  light  of  the  foregoing  explanations  and  references,  it  becomes  possible  to 
estimate  the  population  in  1861  of  the  areas  included  in  each  province  under  the 
royal  decree  of  June  9, 1878.  The  population  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  Santiago  de  Cuba 
in  1861  can  be  found  by  adding  together  the  populations  of  four  distritos  gubernativos 
in  the  former  case  and  eight  in  the  latter.  But  for  the  other  four  provinces  an 
adjustment  is  necessary.  The  population  in  1887  of  that  part  of  Guines  included  in 
Matanzas  province  was  29,622.  This,  added  to  the  population  of  Habana  province 
in  1887  (451,928) ,  gives  481,590  as  the  population  at  that  time  of  Plabana  province  plus 
the  part  of  Guines  in  Matanzas.  The  population  of  that  part  of  Guines  was  6.1592 
per  cent  of  the  total  population,  481,590.  Assuming  that  its  population  was  in  1861 
the  same  percentage  of  the  total,  the  population  of  this  part  of  Guines  in  1861  may 
be  estimated  at  25,846.  Subtracting  this  amount  from  the  total  population  in  1861  of 
Habana  province  plus  the  part  of  Guines  in  Matanzas,  we  have  393,789  as  the  esti¬ 
mated  population  of  Habana  province  in  1861. 

The  boundary  line  established  in  1878  between  Santa  Clara  and  Puerto  Principe 
provinces  cuts  across  the  district  of  Sancti  Spiritus,  and  a  similar  method  of  estimating 

^his  difference  is  probably  due  to  an  error  in  the  War  Department  map.  So  we 
are  informed  by  the  Cuban  supervisors. 


702 


REPORT  (m  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


the  population  of  the  part,  included  in  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe  has  been  fol¬ 
lowed.  This  part  had  in  1887  a  population  of  16,848.  The  population  of  Santa  Clara  in 
that  year  was  354,122.  The  entire  area  coming  nearest  to  Santa  Clara  in  1861  thus  had 
a  population  in  1887  of  370,970.  The  part  lying  without  the  province  of  Santa  Clara 
had  a  population  in  1887  4.5416  per  cent  of  the  total.  Assuming  that  its  proportion 
of  the  total  population  in  1861  (viz,  284,218)  was  the  same  as  in  1887,  the  popula¬ 
tion  of  that  region  in  1861  was  12,908.  Subtracting  this  from  284,218,  we  have 
271,310  as  the  estimated  population  of  Santa  Clara  in  1861.  Adding  it  to  the  popu¬ 
lation  of  the  district  of  Puerto  Principe,  we  have  85,702  as  the  estimated  population 
of  Puerto  Principe  in  1861. 

On  these  assumptions  the  following  table  has  been  constructed: 

Estimated  population  of  the  Cuban  provinces  in  1861,  based  on  the  results  of  the  censuses 

of  1861  and  1887. 


Province. 

Estimated 
population 
in  1861. 

Habana . 

393, 789 
234, 524 
146,685 
85, 702 
271, 310 
264, 520 

Matanzas . 

Pinar  del  Rio . 

Puerto  Principe . 

Santa  Clara . 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 

Cuba . 

1, 396, 530 

APPENDIX  XVII. 

PREVIOUS  CENSUSES  OF  CUBA. 

The  official  Spanish  publications  giving  the  results  of  past  censuses  of  Cuba  are 
difficult  to  find  either  in  libraries  or  in  the  book  market.  An  order  for  them  sent 
to  Madrid  was  fruitless.  A  circular  letter  sent  to  the  leading  libraries  in  the  United 
States  was  almost  equally  without  result.  The  primary  sources  which  were  found 
available  are  as  follows: 

1.  A  copy  of  the  census  of  1841  in  the  Boston  Athenaeum  Library,1  which  was 
kindly  lent  to  the  Congressional  Library  for  the  purposes  of  this  study. 

2.  A  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1861  in  the  Congressional  Library  at  Wash¬ 
ington. 

3.  A  MS.  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1877,  obtained  from  London  through  the 
courtesy  of  the  Royal  Statistical  Society,  in  whose  library  the  volume  is  contained. 

4.  A  copy  of  the  Spanish  census  of  1887,  kindly  lent  by  the  Cornell  Lffiiversity 
Library. 

As  these  are  all  the  primary  sources  which  have  been  available,  recourse  was  neces¬ 
sarily  had  to  secondary  authorities.  A  list  of  past  censuses  of  Cuba  and  summary  of 
results  is  contained  in  a  footnote  to  the  German  periodical,  Die  Bevolkerung  der  Erdc, 
Volume  VII,  page  80.  This  table  was  sent  in  manuscript  to  the  editors  of  that  jour¬ 
nal  by  the  statistical  section  of  the  department  of  agriculture  of  Habana.  It  agrees 
in  substance  with  the  table  found  on  page  92  of  Mr.  Robert  P.  Porter’s  Industrial 
Cuba,  but  gives  more  detail,  classifying  population  both  by  sex  and  race.  Even 
these  lists,  however,  lengthy  as  they  are,  do  not  include  all  the  censuses  mentioned 
in  the  secondary  authorities.  The  following  table  has  been  compiled  from  various 


1  Resumen  del  Censo  de  Poblacion  de  l<i  Isla  de  Cuba  a  Jin  del  ano  de  1841.  Habana, 
1842,  pp.  70. 


APPENDIX  XVII. 


703 


books,  and  gives  in  chronological  order  the  alleged  census  population  of  Cuba  and 
the  authority  therefor: 


Date  of  alleged 
census. 

Total 

population 

reported. 

Authority  for  state¬ 
ment. 

1768 . 

204, 155 

171. 620 

172. 620 
170, 370 
170, 862 
171, 626 

Behm  and  Wagner. 
Do. 

1774 . 

1774 . 

Pezuela. 

1775 . 

Humboldt. 

1775 . 

Do. 

1775 . 

Do. 

1787 . 

176, 167 
272, 141 
273,  939 
272, 301 

Behm  and  Wagner. 
Humboldt. 

1791 . 

1792 . 

Behm  and  Wagner. 
Delitsch. 

1792 . 

1792 . 

272;  140 
272, 141 

Do. 

1792 . 

Do. 

1792 . 

272! 230 

Do. 

1792 . 

254, 820 
432, 000 
600, 000 
600, 000 
635,  604 
572,  3 63 
630, 980 
653, 033 
671, 079 
553, 033 

Do. 

1804 . 

Behm  and  Wagner. 
Do. 

1810 . 

1811  . 

Humboldt. 

1817 . 

Behm  and  Wagner. 
Humboldt. 

1817 . 

1817 . 

Do. 

1817 . 

Delitsch. 

1817 . 

Poinsett. 

1819 . 

Behm  and  Wagner. 
Do. 

1825 

715,000 

Date  of  alleged 
census. 

Total 

population 

reported. 

Authority  for  state¬ 
ment. 

1827 . 

704, 487 

Behm  and  Wagner, 
Thrasher. 

1830 . 

755, 695 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1841 . 

1,007,624 

Official  census. 

1846 . 

898,  754 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1846 . 

898, 752 

Arboleya,  Thrasher. 

1849 . 

945, 440 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1850 . 

973,  742 

Do. 

1851 . 

1,443, 461 

Delitsch. 

1852 . 

984, 042 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1855 . 

1,044, 185 

Do. 

1857 . 

1,110,095 

Do. 

1859 . 

1,129,304 

Do. 

1860 . 

1,199,429 

Do. 

1861 . 

1,396,530 

Official  census. 

1862 . 

1,396,  470 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1867 . 

1,426,475 

Do. 

1867 . 

1,370,211 

Delitsch. 

1869 . 

1,399,811 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1874 . 

1.446,372 

Do. 

1877 . 

1,521,684 

Official  census. 

1879 . 

1 , 424, 649 

Behm  and  Wagner. 

1887 . 

1,631,687 

Official  census. 

1899 . 

1,572,797 

Do. 

To  one  familiar  with  the  labor  and  cost  of  taking  a  genuine  census  the  very  length 
of  the  preceding  list  is  enough  to  arouse  distrust.  That  33  censuses  should  have  been 
taken  in  the  island  of  Cuba  in  a  period  of  less  than  a  century  and  a  quarter  is  so 
unlikely  as  to  raise  a  strong  presumption  against  the  claim  of  these  figures  to  set 
forth  the  results  of  independent  enumerations.  The  weight  of  the  presumption 
increases  when  one  notices  that  between  1841  and  1860  ten  different  returns  are 
reported — that  is,  one  about  every  two  years. 

To  aid  in  determining  the  value  of  these  figures  a  detailed  analysis  is  submitted. 
They  fall  into  two  classes,  those  from  official  sources  and  those  from  secondary 
authorities.  We  pass  over  the  first  class  and  offer  the  following  notes,  gathered 
from  various  publications,  upon  the  second  class: 

Census  of  1768. — Humboldt  says:  “The  earliest  official  enumerations  of  which  I 
could  learn  during  my  stay  at  Habana  were  those  made  by  order  of  the  Marquis  de 
la  Torre  in  1774  and  1775  and  Don  Luis  de  las  Casas  in  1791.’  ’  Several  other 
authorities  consulted — viz,  Pezuela,  D’Harponville,  and  Delitsch — speak  of  the 
census  of  1774  as  the  first  census  of  the  island.  Furthermore,  the  history  of  Cuba 
between  the  years  1768  and  1774  offers  no  explanation  for  the  loss  of  over  30,000 
people  in  the  course  of  six  years.  Hence  it  seems  probable  that  no  census  of  Cuba 
was  taken  in  1768. 

Census  of  1774  or  1775. — Although  in  the  passage  just  quoted  Humboldt  speaks  of 
these  as  two  separate  enumerations,  yet  he  explains  the  word  “enumeration”  by 
the  Spanish  phrase  padrones  y  censos,  and  subsequently  uses  the  word  padron  alone. 
As  this  word  means  some  form  of  tax  list  or  other  registration  rather  than  a  census 
proper,1  it  seems  likely  that  the  two  different  results  were  obtained  by  combina- 


1 A  padron  in  the  broadest  sense  is  simply  a  roll  or  list.  Its  definition  in  the  dic¬ 
tionary  of  the  Spanish  Royal  Academy  is  “a  catalogue  or  roll  made  to  show  by  name 
the  citizens  or  residents.”  The  special  meaning  of  the  word  padron  is  a  register 
kept  by  each  municipal  district  and  containing  the  names,  addresses,  ages,  and  other 
details  regarding  the  residents.  This  list  was  usually  under  the  charge  of  the  police 


704 


REPORT  O N  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


tion  of  a  single  count  with  registration  returns,  if  indeed  any  independent  count 
was  taken.  The  very  slight  differences  between  the  figures  returned  for  1774  and  the 
three  reports  for  1775  support  this  hypothesis.  The  figures,  171,626,  given  by  Hum¬ 
boldt  in  one  place,  and  those  given  by  Pezuela  (172,620)  in  his  article  on  population,* 1 
are  clearly  but  variant  forms  of  the  171,620  given  by  two  other  authorities  as  the 
result  of  the  census  of  1774.  Humboldt  also  says  regarding  this  census:  “I  can  not 
answer  for  the  correctness  of  the  table  quoted  from  the  census  of  1775,  for  I  have 
not  seen  the  official  documents.”  Without  attempting  to  reproduce  all  the  minor 
discrepancies  between  the  several  authorities,  the  following  further  analysis  of  the 
figures  for  1774  may  be  given:  Whites,  96,440;  colored,  75,180.  The  whites  are  classi¬ 
fied  as  55,576  males  and  40,864  females.  The  colored  are  classified  into  30,847  free 
and  44,333  slaves.  The  free  are  classified  into  11,640  negroes  and  19,207  mulattoes. 
At  this  time  also,  according  to  Pezuela,  there  were  29,588  occupied  dwellings,  not 
counting  90  churches,  52  parochial  houses,  20  monasteries,  3  nunneries,  2  colleges, 
and  19  hospitals. 

Census  of  1787. — No  important  reference  has  been  found  to  this  census  except  in 
the  authority  cited  in  the  table.  The  other  authorities  generally  refer  to  the  count 
of  1791-92  as  the  second  census  of  Cuba.  The  figures  themselves,  too,  arouse  distrust 
by  stating  that  the  population  of  Cuba  increased  only  about  5,000  in  the  twelve  years 
from  1775  to  1787,  and  then  increased  96,000  in  the  next  five  years.  Hence  the  figures 
of  1787  must  be  set  down  as  an  estimate. 

Census  of  1791  or  1792. — The  date  of  this  census  is  given  as  1791  by  Humboldt,  but 
as  1792  by  nearly  all  other  authorities.  Delitsch  in  his  excellent  article  on  Cuba2 
states  that  the  official  enumerations  are  inaccurate  and  the  results  given  by  the  vari¬ 
ous  authorities  differ.  As  an  example  he  cites  the  case  of  the  census  of  1792,  for 
which  he  gives,  from  different  authorities  not  mentioned,  the  five  figures  reprinted  in 
the  preceding  table,  one  of  which  agrees  exactly  with  Humboldt’s  figures  for  1791. 
The  latter  authority  says  of  the  second  census  of  Cuba:  “In  1804  I  discussed  the 
census  of  1791  with  persons  who  had  great  local  knowledge.  *.  We  sought  to  estimate 
the  amount  of  the  omissions  by  making  comparisons  of  the  several  parts,  and  it 
appeared  to  us  as-a  result  that  the  population  of  Cuba  in  1791  could  not  have  been 
less  than  362,700” — that  is,  that  the  census  understated  the  true  population  by  about 
25  per  cent.  This  population  in  1792  is  divided  by  Behm  and  Wagner  into  the  fol¬ 
lowing-classes:  Whites,  133,533;  colored,  140,386.  The  whites  are  divided  into  72,209 
males  and  61,254  females.  The  colored  are  divided  into  55,930  free  and  84,456  slaves. 
On  the  other  hand,  Pezuela  divides  a  substantially  identical  total,  viz,  272,301,  into 
82,299  white  males,  71,260  white  females,  15,845  free  mulatto  males,  18,040  free 
mulatto  females,  9,366  free  negro  males,  10,900  free  negro  females,  5, 769  slave  mulatto 
males,  6,366  slave  mulatto  females,  41,955  slave  negro  males,  and  10,500  slave  negro 
females. 

and  was  used  for  purposes  of  taxation.  The  law  of  1878  required  the  register  or 
padron  to  be  corrected  every  alternate  year.  It  seems  probable  that  the  earlier 
Cuban  law  was  similar,  and  that  a  large  majority  of  the  alleged  census  returns  con¬ 
tained  in  the  preceding  list  (p.  703)  were  derived  from  these  police  tax  lists.  The 
care  and  accuracy  with  which  such  lists  would  be  kept  would  differ  with  the  strict¬ 
ness  of  supervision  exercised  by  the  authorities  in  Ilabana  and  with  the  efficiency  of 
local  officers. 

1  In  his  Diccionario  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba,  see  p.  729,  infra. 

2  In  Wappaus-Stein,  Handbuch  der  Geographic  mid  Stalislik,  seventh  edition,  vol¬ 
ume  1,  pp.  1870-1917.  See  especially  page  1876. 


APPENDIX  XVII. 


705 


The  following  table  brings  the  classification  of  the  Cuban  population  in  1792  by 
these  two  authorities  side  by  side: 


- 

Cuban  census  figures 
of  1792  according  to— 

Pezuela, 

1866. 

Behm  and 
Wagner, 
1882. 

Total  population.  . 

272, 300 

273, 939 

153, 559 
82, 299 
71,260 
116,  741 
54, 151 
64, 690 

133, 553 
72, 209 
61,254 
140, 386 
•  55, 930 

84,456 

Males  . 

Females . 

Colored . -r . 

Free . 

Slave . 

One  who  examines  carefully  these  two  alleged  census  returns  can  scarcely  escape 
the  inference  that  they  are  diverse  traditions  of  a  single  original.  Whether  the 
main  variation  between  1866,  when  Pezuela’s  figures  were  published,  and  1882,  when 
those  of  Behm  and  Wagner  appeared,  whereby  20,000  whites,  half  male  and  half 
female,  were  transferred  bodily  to  the  ranks  of  the  negro  slaves,  was  due  to  accident 
or  design,  is  immaterial  to  the  purpose  here.  In  any  case  the  conclusion  seems 
warranted  that  very  little  weight  is  to  be  given  to  these  figures. 

Censuses  of  1804  cind  1810. — These  returns,  both  total  and  in  detail,  bear  evidence 
of  being  mere  estimates.  For  each  alleged  census  Behm  and  Wagner  give  six 
figures.  For  1804  everyone  of  these  figures  is  a  round  number  of  thousands,  and 
for  1810  four  out  of  six  are  so.  This  internal  evidence  that  they  are  estimates  and 
not  act.ual  counts  is  confirmed  by  the  following  explanation  given  by  Pezuela  (see 
p.  730)  of  the  manner  in  which  the  estimate  of  1810  or  1811  was  made: 

“By  the  aid  of  the  partial  registry  rolls,  Don  Francisco  Arango  y  Parreno  compiled 
some  notes  in  reference  to  the  long  interval  between  1792  and  1817.  According  to 
his  figures  the  population  of  the  jurisdiction  of  Habana  in  1810  was  not  less  than 
161,000  whites,  42,000  free  colored,  and  147,000  slaves,  which  represented  a  total  of 
350,000  inhabitants  for  the  western  part  of  Cuba.  He  calculated  that  in  the  eastern 
part,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  there  were  40,000  whites,  38,000  free  colored,  and  32,000 
slaves,  making  a  total  of  110,000  inhabitants.  Seventy  thousand  more  were  found 
in  the  territory  of  Puerto  Principe  alone,  including  38,000  whites,  14,000  free 
colored,  and  18,000  slaves.  In  the  territory  of  the  four  towns  he  estimated  that 
there  were  35,000  whites,  20;000  free  colored,  and  15,000  slaves,  making  a  total  of 
70,000  inhabitants.  These  notes  made  by  Arango  were  published  July  20,  1811,  by 
the  secretary  of  the  consulate,  Don  Antonio  Valle  Hernandez,  for  the  use  of  the 
board  of  instruction.  They  showed  an  entire  population  of  600,000.” 

This  explanation  proves  that  the  figures  of  1810  and  1811  can  not  claim  to  rest 
upon  an  independent  count,  and  in  the  light  of  Pezuela’s  further  statement  that  no 
census  was  published  between  1792  and  1817  the  alleged  census  of  1804  is  also  to  be 
rejected. 

Census  of  1817. — Humboldt  says  that  the  census  of  1817  “is  doubtless  less  imperfect 
than  that  of  1791.  However,  it,  too,  was  an  undercount,  due  to  fear  aroused  in  the 
people  by  an  undertaking  which  is  commonly  regarded  as  a  disastrous  forerunner  of 
•  new  taxes.  Furthermore,  the  provincial  deputation  in  transmitting  the  results  to 
Madrid  felt  bound  to  make  two  modifications:  They  added  32,641  whites,  transient 
traders  and  ships’  crews,  who  were  in  Cuba  on  business,  and  25,976  African  negroes 
imported  during  the  year  1817.  By  this  means  the  provincial  deputation  swelled 
the  total  to  630,980.” 

24662 - 45 


706 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

The  following  table  gives  the  diverse  results  of  the  several  authorities  with  such 
detail  as  the  sources  admit: 


Results  of  Cuban  census  of  1817  according  to  various  authorities. 


Poinsett, 

1822. 

Humboldt 

1825. 

Humboldt, 

1825. 

Delitsch, 

1871. 

Behm 

and 

Wagner, 

1882. 

Total  population . 

671,079 

572, 363 

630, 980 

553, 033 

635, 604 

Whites . 

291,901 
154,057 
225, 121 

257, 380 
115, 691 
199, 292 

290, 021 
115,691 
225, 261 

239,830 
114,058 
199, 145 

276, 689 
119,221 
239, 694 

Free  colored . 

Slaves . 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  maximum  and  minimum  figures  for  the  total  population 
differ  by  118,000,  or  21  per  cent. 

Some  of  the  discrepancies  in  the  table  may  be  reconciled.  The  difference  in  the 
number  of  slaves  reported  in  the  first  four  columns  depends  upon  whether  the 
25,976  negro  slaves  said  to  have  been  imported  during  1817  are  or  are  not  included. 
The  239,830  whites  in  column  4,  when  increased  by  the  19,430  troops  on  the  island 
and  the  32,641  transients  already  mentioned,  give  the  291,901  whites  of  Poinsett. 
Thel54,057  free  colored  of  Poinsett  is  a  clear  error,  as  shown  in  detail  by  Humboldt. 
But  why  the  Habana  report  of  1882  printed  by  Behm  should  give  4,000  more  free 
colored,  14,000  more  slaves,  and  14,000  fewer  whites  than  the  general  current  of 
preceding  authority  can  not  be  explained.  On  the  whole,  the  figures  given  by  Hum¬ 
boldt  are  entitled  to  most  respect  and  to  provisional  acceptance. 

Census  of  1819. — The  figures  given  by  Behm  and  Wagner  agree  with  those  of 
Delitsch  for  1817,  except  that  the  number  of  free  colored  is  less  and  the  number  of 
slaves  greater  by  17,058,  a  change  which  brings  the  free  colored  down  to  the  round 
number  of  97,000. 

Census  of  1825. — The  figures  for  this  census  are  clearly  the  roughest  estimates.  For 
example,  white  males,  175,000;  white  females,  150,000;  free  colored,  100,000.  No 
confidence  can  be  placed  in  such  results,  as  the  chances  against  their  being  the  out¬ 
come  of  a  count  are  indefinitely  great. 

Census  of  1827 . — Pezuela,  in  speaking  of  this  census,  calls  it  “the  most  complete  and 
important  that  had  been  published  up  to  that  time.  It  was  not,  like  the  previous 
censuses,  a  simple  summary  of  population.  It  was  the  first  description  of  the  public 
wealth  of  Cuba,  classified  both  by  products  and  by  departments  and  jurisdictions. 
It  was  accurate  and  satisfactory,  free  from  numerical  errors  and  misleading  state¬ 
ments.  It  showed  that  in  spite  of  the  enormous  importations  of  Africans  the  whites 
outnumbered  the  slaves  by  more  than  24,000.  Hence  the  catastrophe  which  had 
overtaken  Santo  Domingo,  where  in  1790  there  were  15  slaves  for  every  free  person, 
seemed  not  to  threaten  Cuba”  (seep.  731).  The  secondary  authorities  examined 
and  giving  the  figures  of  this  census,  viz,  Moreau  de  .Tonnes,  Thrasher,  the  translator 
of  Humboldt,  Delitsch,  and  Behm  and  Wagner,  are  in  remarkable  agreement.  While 
the  praise  of  Pezuela  is  clearly  exaggerated  and  his  word  in  such  a  matter  is  entitled 
to  little  weight,  yet  in  default  of  further  evidence  the  results  of  the  census  of  1827  must 
be  accepted  as  the  best  possible  approximation  to  the  truth.  The  difficulty  in  getting 
access  to  these  early  Cuban  returns  is  illustrated  by  the  statement  in  the  Cuban  census 
of  1841  that  the  writer  could  not  find  the  original  material  for  the  census  of  1827, 
but  onlv  the  summarv  of  results  printed  in  the 'Cuadro  Estadistico  of  that  year. 

Census  of  1830. — As  none  of  the  more  careful  authorities,  such  as  Delitsch,  Thrasher, 
Pezuela,  and  D’Harponville,  mention  this  enumeration,  its  authority  must  be 
rejected. 

Census  of  1841 • — This  was  an  official  census  for  which  the  original  source  has  been 
available. 


APPENDIX  XVII. 


707 


Census  of  1846. — The  credibility  of  this  count,  which  reveals  an  apparent  falling  off 
of  over  100,000  in  the  five  years  1841  to  1846,  depends  mainly  upon  the  acceptance 
or  rejection  of  that  of  1841.  The  internal  history  of  the  island  affords  little  ground 
for  believing  that  the  population  in  these  five  years  actually  decreased  by  more  than 
10  per  cent,  a  decrease,  moreover,  confined  entirely  to  the  colored  population  and 
almost  entirely  to  the  slave  population,  which  apparently  dwindled  by  one-fourth 
in  five  years.  Pezuela,  who  seems  disposed  to  champion  all  Cuban  figures  with 
more  zeal  than  knowlege,  explains  the  decrease  by  “the  prolonged  droughts  and 
disastrous  hurricanes  which  afflicted  the  country  during  the  five  years  and  destroyed 
the  greater  part  of  the  crops.”  (See  p.  732).  Delitsch,  on  the  other  hand,  explains 
the  difference  as  due  to  the  omission  of  many  slaves  in  1846.  He  declares  that  there 
was  no  actual  decrease  in  the  number  of  slaves  in  Cuba  between  1841  and  1846,  and 
Thrasher  disputes  Pezuela’s  explanation,  saying  that  “no  great  cause,  as  epidemic  or 
emigration  on  a  large  scale,  existed  during  these  five  years  to  explain  the  marked 
decrease  of  the  slave  population;  that  the  material  prosperity  of  the  country  experi¬ 
enced  no  decrease  except  the  loss  of  part  of  one  crop,  consequent  upon  the  hurricane 
of  1845;  that  church  returns  of  christenings  and  interments  point  toward  an  increase 
of  over  50,000  between  1842  and  1846;  and  that  a  capitation  tax  upon  house  servants 
was  levied  in  1844  and  it  was  generally  feared  that  this  mode  of  taxation  would  be 
extended.”  Hence  a  powerful  motive  was  at  work  leading  to  an  understatement 
of  the  slave  population.  Pezuela’s  explanation  is  intrinsically  improbable  because  a 
general  cause  like  drought,  hurricane,  or  epidemic  seldom  if  ever  affects  a  race, 
much  less  a  part  of  a  race,  without  also  affecting  other  races  subject  to  similar  con¬ 
ditions.  On  a  whole,  therefore,  the  census  of  1846,  conflicting  as  it  does  with  that  of 
1841,  can  not  be  accepted  as  accurate. 

Censuses  of  1849 ,  1850 ,  and  1852. — That  the  figures  printed  by  Behm  and  Wagner 
for  these  years  do  not  rest  upon  independent  counts  seems  clearly  established  by  the 
following  passage  (see  p.  732)  from  the  article  on  population  in  Pezuela’s  four-volume 
Dictionary  of  Cuba:  “At  the  beginning  of  1854,  when  the  task  of  compiling  this  dic¬ 
tionary  was  undertaken,  we  were  seriously  embarrassed  by  the  fact  that  no  census  or 
general  summary  of  population  had  been  published  since  1846.  By  the  aid  of  the 
head  of  the  commission  of  statistics  we  were  furnished  with  a  number  of  documents 
relative  to  the  movement  of  population — i.  e.,  births,  deaths,  and  immigration — for 
some  years  after  the  last  census.  These  documents  enable  us  to  estimate  the  general 
population  of  the  island  toward  the  end  of  1849.” 

Census  of  1855. — The  origin  of  this  return  is  thus  explained  by  Pezuela  (p.  734)  in 
the  article  already  quoted :  ‘  ‘  From  registry  rolls  and  other  data  found  in  the  statistical 
office  at  the  end  of  1855,  Arboleya  in  his  last  Manual  of  Cuba  made  an  estimate  of 
the  population.”  The  figures  given  in  Pezuela’s  table,  which  follows  the  quotation 
just  made,  agree  with  those  given  in  the  report  made  to  Behm  and  Wagner  in  1882, 
except  that  6,432  persons  reported  as  slaves  by  Pezuela  are  transferred  by  Behm  and 
Wagner  to  the  class  of  free  colored. 

Census  of  1857. — There  is  no  mention  of  these  figures  in  Delitsch  and  no  evidence 
appears  that  the  population  of  Cuba  was  actually  counted  in  that  year. 

Censuses  of  1859  and  1860. — These  censuses  are  not  mentioned  by  Delitsch  and  no 
reason  appears  for  believing  that  the  figures  are  the  result  of  independent 
enumerations. 

Census  of  1861. — This,  like  the  census  of  1841,  was  a  census  the  official  returns 
of  which  have  been  available. 

Census  of  1862. — These  figures  are  obviously  a  slightly  different  rendering  of  the 
census  figures  of  1861. 

Census  of  1867. — In  discussing  the  figures  of  this  census  the  scholarly  editor  of  Die 
Bevolkerung  der  Erde  concludes  that  they  were  obtained  by  combining  the  returns 
of  1861  and  1862,  and  that  the  returns  of  1862  were  obtained  from  those  of  1861  by 


708 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


introducing  the  births  and  deaths  for  the  year.  At  the  time  that  this  note  was  writ¬ 
ten,  in  1874,  he  concluded  that  “if  we  are  to  hold  to  anything  definite  in  Cuba  we  must 
still  go  back  to  the  census  of  1861,”  and  this  conclusion  is  amply  supported  by  the 
evidence  offered.  Delitsch  agrees  with  this  rejection  of  the  census  of  1867,  for, 
though  he  includes  it  in  his  list,  he  adds  in  a  note  that  it  rests  apparently  on  an  esti¬ 
mate  rather  than  on  a  new  count.  For  the  period  after  1861,  also,  when  the  most 
thorough  and  complete  Spanish  census  of  Cuba  was  taken,  it  seems  best  to  discard 
all  returns  for  which  the  primary  sources  are  inaccessible  and  which  do  not  appear  to 
have  been  based  upon  an  actual  count  of  the  entire  population.  Hence  the  alleged 
censuses  of  1869,  1874,  and  1879  may  also  be  rejected  as  probably  mere  estimates. 

The  foregoing  information  regarding  the  censuses  of  Cuba  gleaned  from  secondary 
sources  warrants  the  following  conclusions: 

1.  The  only  alleged  censuses  of  Cuba  taken  prior  to  1841  which  seem  worthy  of 
credit  are  those  of  1774  or  1775,  1792,  1817,  and  1827. 

2.  The  general  consensus  of  expert  opinion  regarding  these  is  that  they  were  vitiated 
by  serious  errors. 

3.  These  errors,  assuming  them  to  have  occurred,  lay  -on  the  side  of  omissions. 

4.  The  slaves  and  free  colored  were  probably  enumerated  with  less  accuracy  than 
the  white  population  and  omissions  among  them  were  most  common. 

5.  There  is  some  evidence  that  the  returns  for  1792  and  1817  have  been  changed 
within  the  last  few  decades  by  a  reduction  of  the  reported  number  of  white  popu¬ 
lation  and  an  increase  in  the  number  of  colored. 

6.  For  1841  and  the  years  following  attention  may  be  confined  to  those  censuses 
for  which  official  data  are  available,  since  none  of  the  others  seem  to  have  resulted 
from  actual  counts  of  the  population. 

7.  The  censuses  of  Cuba,  therefore,  worthy  of  further  attention  are  those  of  1774 
or  1775,  1792,  1817,  1827,  1841,  1861,  1877,  1887,  and  1899. 

As  Spanish  statistical  work  was  reorganized  by  a  decree  of  September  3, 1856,  some 
light  will  be  thrown  upon  the  census  work  in  Cuba  subsequent  to  that  date  by  the 
following  extracts  from  a  report  upon  the  organization  and  progress  of  statistics  in 
Spain,  made  to  the  International  Statistical  Institute  in  1872  by  Augustin  Pascual, 
the  official  representative  of  the  Spanish  Government: 

“The  Spanish  bureau  of  statistics  is  a  division  of  the  ministry  of  agriculture, 
industry  and  commerce,  education  and  public  works  ( fomento ).  It  includes  the 
subjects  of  the  census,  statistics,  geography,  and  metrology.  Its  work  is  in  the  hands 
of  an  autonomous  office,  which  is  organized  in  two  divisions,  one  for  geography,  the 
other  for  the  census  and  statistics.  The  latter  division  collects,  coordinates,  and 
publishes  statistical  returns  on  all  branches  of  public  administration  and  all  subjects 
which  affect  the  physical,  economic,  and  moral  life  of  the  country,  or  are  of  scien¬ 
tific  interest. 

“The  general  committee  of  statistics  was  established  in  Spain  toward  the  end  of 
the  year  1856,  and,  convinced  that  its  most  urgent  duty  was  that  of  ascertaining  the 
number  of  inhabitants  of  Spain,  which  was  at  that  time  unknown,  it  began  its  work 
by  a  census  of  population,  which  was  taken  May  21, 1857. 1  This  was  a  general  census 
of  all  persons,  and  taken  as  of  a  single  day.  Every  person  was  entered  according  to 
his  actual  domicile.  In  order  to  take  the  first  census  of  Spain  successfully  many 
inquiries  were  omitted  which  it  might  have  been  well  to  put,  and  only  those  were 
included  which  seemed  indispensable.  Such  was  the  idea  at  the  basis  of  the  instruc¬ 
tions  dated  March  14,  1857.  By  their  terms  a  personal  census  was  to  be  taken,  the 
people  being  classed  by  place  of  origin,  sex,  marital  condition,  age,  and  occupation, 
the  other  inquiries  demanded  by  modern  statistics  being  left  to  a  subsequent  census. 

1  No  copy  of  t lie  Spanish  census  of  1857  has  been  found  in  this  country,  but  we  are 
informed  by  the  secretary  of  the  lioval  Statistical  Society  of  London  that  the  work 
contains  no  returns  for  Cuba. 


APPENDIX  XVII. 


709 


The  result  was  entirely  satisfactory  to  the  Government.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
enumerated  was  15,464,340.  While  we  do  not  assume  to  guarantee  the  entire  accu¬ 
racy  of  this  number,  it  was  much  larger  than  had  been  expected.  In  order  to  obtain 
this  result  all  necessary  precautions  were  taken.  The  clergy,  the  civil  and  military 
authorities,  the  provincial  and  municipal  corporations,  as  well  as  Government  agents, 
vied  with  each  other  in  performance  of  their  duties.  At  that  time  the  Government 
intended  to  continue  similar  operations,  and  when  the  results  of  the  census  were 
made  public  by  the  royal  order  of  September  30, 1858,  announcement  was  made  that 
another  census  would  be  taken  in  1860  and  thereafter  every  five  years.  The  classifi¬ 
cation  was  to  be  extended  as  far  as  possible,  indicating  both  the  de  facto  or  present 
population  and  the  de  jure  or  resident  population. 

“The  royal  order  of  October  30,  1860,  decreed  a  new  census,  with  entry  of  every 
name  to  be  taken  as  of  the  same  date,  viz,  December  25  and  26,  1860,  in  all  parts  of 
the  Kingdom.  The  population  taken  was  to  be  only  the  de  facto  or  present  popula¬ 
tion,  because  it  was  believed  that  the  people  were  not  ready  to  report  also  their  place 
of  residence.  The  classification  of  ages  was  changed.  The  degree  of  illiteracy  was 
also  to  be  reported  and  the  classification  by  occupation  included.1  The  inhabitants 
returned  by  this  census  were  15,673,536,  an  increase  of  1.35  per  cent  in  the  three 
years  that  had  elapsed  since  the  census  of  1857.  This  census  also  gave  a  classifica¬ 
tion  of  the  population  by  occupation,  which  had  not  been  published  in  1857  because 
of  incompleteness  in  the  data.  Although  the  occupation  returns  in  the  second  census 
are  imperfect,  yet  they  serve  as  a  beginning,  the  only  purpose  that  the  Government 
had  in  accepting  and  publishing  them.  The  census  of  1860  was  declared  official  by 
an  order  of  June  12,  1863,  and  at  the  same  time  a  new  census  was  ordered  for  1865. 
It  was  to  include  the  provinces  of  America  and  the  Pacific  as  well  as  the  islands  in 
the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  It  was  also  ordered  that  in  the  census  of  1865  the  classification 
by  residence,  or  the  de  jure  population,  should  be  included.  Preparations  were 
begun  for  the  census  of  1865,  but  considering  that  a  census  every  five  years  increased 
the  expense  and  did  not  produce  results  much  more  accurate  than  those  already  in 
.  hand,  since  the  differences  produced  in  Spain  by  so  short  a  period  were  unimpor¬ 
tant,  and  considering  further  that  foreign  countries  had  adopted  a  ten-year  period 
as  the  most  suitable  interval  between  censuses,  the  plan  for  a  census  in  1865  was 
abandoned  as  a  result  of  the  royal  decree  of  November  30,  1864,  which  declared  that 
the  next  census  should  be  taken  in  1870,  and  thereafter  every  ten  years.  By  an 
order  of  June  7,  1870,  a  census  was  decreed  for  that  year,  on  a  date  to  be  fixed  later. 
The  census  was  to  be  taken  name  by  name  and  the  population  to  be  classified  as  de 
facto  and  de  jure.  This  census  was  getting  under  way  when  the  Government,  believ¬ 
ing  that  at  the  close  of  the  last  revolution  in  Spain  neither  the  country  nor  the 
administration  was  in  a  condition  to  carry  out  so  great  an  undertaking  satisfactorily, 
and  neither  the  imperial  treasury  nor  those  of  the  provinces  or  municipalities  could 
well  bear  the  expense,  postponed  its  execution.  It  is  now  (1872)  impossible  to  state 
when  the  census  will  be  taken. 

“The  censuses  of  Spain  taken  in  1857  and  1860  were  taken  upon  a  day  fixed  in 
advance.  The  population  reported  was  the  de  facto  population.  The  work  was  done 
by  means  of  separate  schedules,  which  were  left  at  the  house  and  later  collected  by 
salaried  employees.  These  employees  were  instructed  to  answer  the  questions  raised 
by  the  head  of  the  family  in  filling  the  blanks.  The  preparation  of  these  family 
blanks  and  also  of  the  summaries  obtained  from  them  devolved  upon  municipal  com¬ 
mittees,  and  the  preparation  of  blanks  for  the  provinces  upon  the  provincial  com¬ 
mittees,  both  of  them  assisted  by  salaried  employees.  The  provincial  committees 
made  up  the  r4sum6s  or  abstracts,  and  also  checked  the  work  of  the  municipalities 
and  entered  their  indorsements  upon  the  reports.” 

1  The  tables  in  the  census  of  1860  for  all  Cuba  are  reproduced  in  this  volume,  pages 
710-712.  The  figures  for  Cuba  bear  date  March,  1861. 


710 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


The  geographical  divisions  of  Cuba  have  varied  not  a  little  since  1841,  and  it  has 
been  impossible,  from  the  sources  and  with  the  time  available,  to  trace  the  history  of 
these  changes  in  detail.  It  seems  best,  therefore,  to  renounce  the  effort  to  present 
fully  the  results  of  the  censuses  of  1827,  1841,  1861,  1877,  and  1887  for  any,  even  the 
largest,  subdivisions  of  Cuba.  In  the  following  tables  all  results  for  Cuba  as  a 
whole  are  brought  together. 

Census  of  1827 . 


[Table  contained  in  the  census  of  1841.] 


Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Whites . 

168, 653 
51,962 
183, 290 

142, 398 
54,532 
103, 652 

311,051 
106, 494 
286, 942 

Free  colored . 

Slaves . 

Total . 

403, 905 

300, 582 

704, 487 

Census  of  1841 — Population. 


Total. 

0  to  15  16  to  60  Over  60 

veal's  old.  vearsold.  vears  old. 

* 

Married. 

Widowed. 

White  males . 

White  females . 

Free  mulatto  ( pardos )  males . 

Free  mulatto  ( pardas )  females . 

Free  negro  ( morenos )  males . 

Free  negro  (morenos)  females . 

Slave  mulatto  males . 

Slave  mulatto  females . 

Slave  negro  males . 

Slave  negro  females . 

Total  . 

227, 144 
191,147 
43,658 
44,396 
32, 045 
32,  739 
5,868 
5,106 
275,  382 
150, 139 

88,  617 
83, 835 
19, 001 
17, 923 
8, 987 
9, 078 
2,959 
2, 499 
51, 556 
41,984 

133, 054 
103, 460 
23,720 
25, 541 
21,488 
22, 449 
2,870 
2, 565 
216,  911 
105, 763 

5,473 

3,852 

937 

932 

1, 570 
1,212 
39 
42 
6,915 

2, 392 

}  43,329{ 
}  I,  '532-j 
}  4,293/ 

W 

}  27,808/ 

4, 174 
9,920 
491 
1,225 
511 
1,585 
10 
30 
4,148 
3, 456 

1,007,624 

326, 439 

657, 821 

23,364 

80, 062 

25, 550 

The  census  of  1841  also  gave  certain  figures  for  the  distribution  of  population 
between  city  and  country  as  follows.  The  island  was  divided  into  226  towns  or 
urban  districts  with  various  names,  but  grouped  together  as  poblaciones ,  and  279 
rural  districts. 

The  population  was  then  divided  as  follows: 

Inhabitants. 


226  town  districts . .  360, 170 

1,  238  sugar  plantations  ( ingenios ) .  138,  701 

1,  838  coffee  plantations  ( cafetales ) .  114,  760 

42,  549  farms  ( fincas ),  etc .  .  393,  993 


Total .  1,007,624 


Census  of  1861. 

WHITE  CUBANS  BY  NATIONALITY  AND  RESIDENCE. 


Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Spanish  residents . 

410, 678 
14,019 
4,152 
3, 769 
34,777 
712 

320,216 

3,405 

1,146 

218 

57 

335 

730, 894 
17,424 
5,298 
3,987 
34,834 
1,047 

Spanish  transients . 

Foreign  residents . 

Foreign  transients .  .  _ 

Asiatics . 

Mexicans . 

Total  whites . 

468, 107 

325, 377 

793,484 

APPENDIX  XVII 


711 


Census  of  1861 — Continued. 

COLORED  CUBANS  BY  CIVIL  STATUS. 


Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Colored  free . 

109, 027 
218, 722 
4,779 

116, 816 
151,831 
1,871 

225, 843 
370, 553 
6,650 

Colored  slaves . 

Colored  emancipated  ( emancipados ) . 

Total  colored . 

332, 528 

270, 518 

603, 046 

ALL  CUBANS  BY  SEX. 


Cubans . 

800, 635 

595, 895 

1,396, 530 

POPULATION  BY  MARITAL  CONDITION. 


White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single  . _ . 

362, 951 
94,523 
10, 633 

215, 721 
86, 578 
23, 078 

304,866 

23,989 

3,673 

237,202 
24, 731 
8,585 

667, 817 
118,512 
14, 306 

452, 923 
111,309 
31,663 

Married  . 

Widowed . 

POPULATION  BY  RACE,  STATUS,  SEX,  AND  AGE. 


Age  period. 

White. 

* 

Free  and  emanci¬ 
pated. 

Colored. 

Slaves. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Under  1 . 

11,947 

10, 898 

3,780 

3, 748 

3, 837 

3,886 

38, 096 

1  to  7 . 

75, 202 

69, 603 

23, 035 

22, 197 

21,868 

21,612 

233,  517 

8  to  15 . 

67, 067 

59, 741 

20, 903 

19, 632 

30, 369 

24,711 

222, 423 

16  to2  J . 

48, 641 

37, 739 

12, 050 

12, 697 

24, 432 

17,482 

153, 041 

21  to  25 . 

63, 760 

33, 334 

10,  089 

11,489 

21,860 

14,478 

155, 010 

26  to  30 . 

64,803 

32, 958 

10, 562 

12, 385 

25,  770 

17,818 

164, 296 

31  to  40 . 

66,  793 

36, 003 

12, 766 

14, 291 

38, 031 

23, 867 

191,  751 

41  to  50 . 

36, 931 

22,312 

8,770 

9,658 

25, 491 

14,137 

117,299 

51  to  60 . 

19, 998 

13, 649 

5, 963 

6,570 

14,373 

7,603 

68, 156 

61  to  70 . 

8,674 

5,812 

3, 534 

3,537 

7,214 

3,741 

32, 512 

71  to  80 . 

3, 006 

2, 290 

1,416 

1,486 

3,555 

1,621 

13, 374 

81  to  85 . 

646 

427 

308 

389 

732 

373 

2, 875 

86  to  90 . 

431 

413 

355 

392 

707 

291 

2, 589 

91  to  95 . 

93 

89 

96 

85 

205 

109 

677 

96  to  100 . 

88 

84 

123 

104 

213 

85 

697 

100+ . 

27 

25 

56 

27 

65 

17 

217 

All  ages . 

468, 107 

325, 377 

113, 806 

118, 687 

218,  722 

151,831 

1,396, 530 

POPULATION  BY  RACE,  SEX,  AND  LITERACY. 


White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Able  to  read . 

156, 363 
311,744 

85, 094 
240, 283 

13,319 
319, 209 

13,461 
257, 057 

268, 237 
1,128, 293 

Unable  to  read . 

Total . . . 

468, 107 

325, 377 

332, 528 

270, 518 

1,396,530 

712 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CURA,  1899 
Census  of  1861 — Continued. 


POPULATION  BY  RACE  AND  OCCUPATION. 


Occupation. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Ecclesiastics . 

779 

779 

Officials  in  active  service . 

4,933 

4, 933 
226 

Officials  retired . 

'226 

Military  in  active  service . 

22, 527 
450 

22, 527 

Military  retired . 

'450 

Proprietors . 

16,544 
156, 051 
26, 204 
915 

1,302 
214, 457 
343 

17,846 
370, 508 
26,547 
1,095 
177, 393 
5,958 
59, 988 
2,327 

Laborers . 

Traders . 

Manufacturers . 

180 

Artisans  ( industriales ) . 

99, 688 
5, 658 
20, 123 
1,476 

77, 705 

Teachers . 

300 

Day  laborers . 

39, 865 
851 

Paupers  ( pobres  de  solemnidad )  . 

Total . 

355, 574 

335, 003 

690,577 

Census  of  1877. 

DE  JURE  OR  RESIDENT  POPULATION  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Nationality  or  race. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  de  jure  popula  tion . 

1 845, 577 

1  663, 714 

1,509,291 

Residents  who  were  present . 

Spaniards . 

817, 029 

658,  963 

1,475,992 

528, 121 
5,  709 
40, 261 
242, 938 

418, 961 
2,708 
66 

237, 228 

947, 082 
8,417 
40, 327 
480, 166 

Foreigners . 

Asiatics . 

Colored . 

Residents  who  were  absent . 

Spaniards  . 

28,548 

4,751 

33, 299 

20, 873 
466 
2, 965 
4,244 

3,096 

162 

6 

1,487 

23, 969 
628 
2, 971 
5,  731 

Foreigners . 

Asiatics. . . 

Colored . 

1  In  our  United  States  copy  of  this  census  the  males  are  given  as  845,595  and  the  females  as  663,696 
owing  to  errors  in  the  additions  for  the  municipal  districts  of  Sagua  la  Grande  and  Trinidad. 


Census  of  1877. 

DE  FACTO  OR  PRESENT  POPULATION,  BY  SEX,  RACE,  OR  NATIONALITY. 


Nationality  or  race. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  de  facto  population . 

Residents  who  were  present . 

850, 520 

671,164 

1,521,684 

817,  029 

658, 963 

1,475,992 

Spaniards . 

528, 121 
5, 709 
40, 261 
242, 938 

418, 961 

2,  708 
66 

237, 228 

947,082 
8,417 
40, 327 
480, 166 

Foreigners . 

Asiatics . 

Colored . 

Nonresidents  who  were  present . 

33,491 

12, 201 

45, 692 

Spaniards  . 

22,772 
1,769 
3,472 
5, 478 

8, 138 
446 
12 
3,605 

30,910 

2,215 

3,484 

9,083 

Foreigners . 

Asiatics . 

Colored . 

APPENDIX  XVII 


713 


Census  of  1887. 

DE  JURE  OR  RESIDENT  POPULATION,  BY  SEX  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  dp.  jurp  population  . 

866, 407 

742, 668 

1,609,075 

Residents  who  were  present . 

856, 036 

739, 804 

1, 595,  840 

Spaniards  . 

826,  777 
29, 259 

736,  659 
3,145 

1,563,436 
32,  404 

Foreigners  . 

Residents  who  were  absent . 

10, 371 

2,864 

13,235 

Spaniards  . 

10,137 

234 

2,  780 
84 

12, 917 
318 

Foreigners . 

Census  of  1887. 

DE  FACTO  OR  PRESENT  POPULATION,  BY  SEX  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  de  facto  population . 

882,  600 

749, 087 

1,631,687 

Residents  who  were  present . 

856, 036 

739, 804 

1,595, 840 

Spaniards . 

826, 777 
29, 259 

736, 659 
3,145 

1,563, 436 
32, 404 

Foreigners . 

Nonresidents  who  were  present . 

26, 564 

9, 283 

35, 847 

Spaniards . 

24, 145 
2,419 

8, 949 
334 

33, 094 
2,  753 

Foreigners . 

Census  of  1887 . 

DE  FACTO  POPULATION  WITH  DISTINCTION  OF  SEX  AND  RACE. 


Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Whites . 

607, 187 
275, 413 

495, 702 
253,  385 

1,102,889 
528, 798 

Colored . 

Total . 

882, 600 

749, 087 

1,631,687 

DE  FACTO  POPULATION  WITH  DISTINCTION  OF  RACE  AND  LITERACY. 


Whites. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Able  to  read  and  write . 

367, 629 
19,  685 
715, 575 

56, 566 
8, 450 
463,  782 

424, 195 
28, 135 
1,179,357 

Able  to  read  only . 

Unable  to  read. . . 

Total . 

1, 102, 889 

528, 798 

1,631,687 

714 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


APPENDIX  XVIII. 

CUBAN  VITAL  STATISTICS,  1890-1899. 

In  order  to  supplement  as  far  as  might  be  the  returns  of  the  present  census,  and 
to  make  this  volume  a  collection  of  available  statistics  regarding  the  subject  of 
which  it  treats,  efforts  were  made  to  secure  the  returns  of  vital  statistics  for  the 
last  decade.  Owing  to  the  disturbed  conditions  of  the  island  of  recent  years  these 
efforts  were  not  completely  successful.  The  records  of  some  municipal  districts 
have  been  destroyed,  and  from  others  at  the  date  of  writing  no  replies  have  been 
received.  The  returns  which  were  received  could  not  in  all  cases  be  adjusted  to 
the  geographical  divisions  of  the  island  accepted  by  this  census,  and  it  is  possible 
therefore  that  a  certain  amount  of  duplication  may  be  involved  in  those  returns. 
In  a  few  cases  minor  errors  were  detected  in  the  tables  as  received,  the  separate 
figures  and  the  totals  not  agreeing.  In  all  such  cases  it  has  been  assumed  that 
the  separate  figures  were  correct  and  that  totals  were  incorrect.  The  detailed 
tables  of  births,  deaths,  and  marriages  by  municipal  districts  are  given  herewith 
(pp.  720-726)  after  the  tables  for  the  island,  and  the  returns  and  notes  found  in 
those  should  be  consulted  before  the  figures  for  Cuba  as  a  whole  are  implicitly 
accepted.  Still  the  main  significance  could  hardly  be  affected  by  the  errors  thus 
noted,  and  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  eirors  of  omission  are  probably  much 
greater  than  errors  of  duplication,  in  case  the  latter  occurred.  With  these  quali¬ 
fications  the  following  tables  for  the  ten  years  from  1890  to  1899  are  given. 


Births  reported  for  Cuba,  by  provinces  and  years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Habana, 
exclud¬ 
ing  city.1 

Matan¬ 

zas.2 

Pinar 
del  Rio. 

Puerto 

Principe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago 

Total. 

1890 . 

4,488 
4,317 
4,441 
4.335 
4.201 
4.171 
4,113 
3. 788 
2, 470 
4, 181 

7,360 

6,658 

7,247 

7,039 

2, 657 
2, 437 
2, 662 
2, 224 
2. 341 
2.141 
2,106 
1.636 
1,214 
1,464 

2,143 

1.993 

2,064 

2,160 

2,418 

1,893 

1,159 

838 

512 

2,021 

11, 692 
11,641 
11,917 
11,682 
10, 824 
9,202 
7,043 
5,046 
2,583 

4,019 

4,476 

4,&34 

3,894 

3,481 

2,144 

1,269 

811 

974 

2,829 

32. 359 
31,522 
32, 665 
31,334 
23, 269 
25,410 
19,927 
14, 421 
9,059 
10,495 

1891  . 

1892  . . . . 

1893. . . 

189+  _ _ 

1895 . . . . 

5,859 

4,237 

2.302 

1,276 

1898  . 

1897 . . . 

1898 . . 

1899  . 

Total . . 

40. 509 

41,978 

20, 882 

17,231 

81,630 

3  30, 016 

232, 216 

1  No  returns  were  received  for  the  province  outside  Habana  city  except  for  the  first  eight 
months  of  1399,  and  these  have  not  been  included. 

2  No  returns  were  received  from  Matanzas  for  the  year  1894. 

3  Including  1.785  births  in  Gibara  not  distributed  to  the  several  years. 

The  average  annual  number  of  births  reported  during  the  four  years  1890-1893, 
inclusive,  was  31,970.  The  average  annual  number  of  births  during  the  four  years 
1895-1898,  inclusive,  was  17,204.  If  the  average  number  of  the  last  four  years  had 
been  maintained  at  the  average  number  of  the  first  four  there  would  have  been 
59,063  more  children  born  during  the  quadrennium  1895-1898  than  were  born. 

In  order  to  get  a  rough  approximation  to  the  birth  rate,  marriage  rate,  and 
death  rate  of  Cuba  during  the  period  covered  by  these  returns  the  following 
assumptions  regarding  changes  of  population  may  be  made. 

(1)  That  the  population  of  Cuba  increased  each  year  from  1887  to  1894,  inclu¬ 
sive,  by  11,000 — that  is,  one- tenth  of  the  increase  between  1877  and  1887,  110,003. 

(2)  That  the  population  decreased  from  1891  to  1899  each  year  by  one-fifth  of 
the  difference  between  the  total  population  in  1894  as  thus  estimated  and  the 


APPENDIX  XVIII. 


715 


population  of  1899  as  reported  by  the  present  census.  On  these  assumptions  the 
population  of  Cuba  each  year  from  1890  to  1899  was  as  follows: 


Year. 

Population. 

Year. 

Population. 

1890  . 

1.664.687 

1. 675. 687 

1.686.687 

1.697.687 

1.708.687 

1895  .. . ....  _ _ 

1,681,509 
1,654,331 
1,627.153 
1,599.975 
1.572, 797 

1891  .  .  .  ... 

1896  .  _  . . - . 

1892  .  _ 

1897  _ _ _ _ _ 

1893 

1898  .  .  . . . 

1894  . .  . 

1899  _ _ _ _ 

From  these  population  estimates  the  birth  rate  of  Cuba  may  be  computed,  and 
the  results  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Year. 

Birth,  rate.1 

Year. 

Birth  rate.1 

1890  .  ...  _ _ 

19.4 

1895  . . . . . . 

15.1 

1891  .  .  .  . . 

18.8 

1896  . . . . . 

12.1 

1892  _ _ 

19.4 

1897  . . . . . . . 

8.9 

1893 _ _ _ 

18.5 

1898  _ _ _ _ _ 

5.7 

1894  _ _ _ 

13.6 

1899  _ _ _ _ _ 

6.7 

1  Births  to  each  1,000  people. 


No  confidence  can  be  placed  in  the  accuracy  of  these  figures,  and  the  only  thing 
of  significance  in  the  table  is  the  very  marked  decrease  of  the  birth  rate  from  a 
maximum  at  the  beginning  of  the  period  to  a  minimum  near  the  end. 

A  slight  clue  to  the  birth  rate  in  Cuba  in  1860  may  be  derived  from  the  Spanish 
census  of  1861.  That  enumerated  38,096  persons  under  1  year  of  age  (p.  711)* 
These  were  survivors  of  such  as  had  been  born  during  the  preceding  year.  As  the 
enumerated  population  was  1,396,530,  the  birth  rate  per  thousand  people  must  have 
been  higher  than  27.3.  As  at  least  one-fourth  of  all  children  born  under  such  con¬ 
ditions  as  prevail  in  Cuba  die  before  the  end  of  the  first  year,  a  Cuban  birth  rate 
of  30  in  1861  may  fairly  be  regarded  as  the  minimum  limit  of  probability,  and  the 
rate  may  have  been  as  high  as  35.  The  rate  in  Spain  is  rather  over  35  (average 
annual  birth  rate  in  Spain  1865-1869,  36.7;  1878-1880,  35.7;  1887-88,  36.3).  In 
Porto  Rico  the  children  under  1  in  1899  were  2.76  per  cent  of  the  population,  and 
in  Jamaica  in  1891  they  were  2.46  per  cent. 

For  these  reasons  the  omissions  in  the  returns  tabulated  above  are  probably 
in  every  case  e  pial  to  at  least  one-half  of  the  number  reported,  yet  in  most  cases 
the  municipal  registers  of  births  seem  to  have  been  kept  with  reasonable  care 
during  the  civil  war,  and  the  very  marked  decrease  in  births,  therefore,  can  not 
be  explained  as  due  to  a  breakdown  of  the  system  of  registration.  The  indications 
of  the  preceding  table  confirm  the  results  already  reached  in  analyzing  age  statis¬ 
tics  (p.  86).  Even  in  their  very  fragmentary  condition,  therefore,  they  are  of 
interest  enough  to  warrant  an  analysis  by  provinces. 

In  the  following  table  the  birth  rate  by  provinces  has  been  computed  on  the 
following  assumptions: 

1.  That  the  annual  increase  of  population  from  1887  to  1894,  inclusive,  for  each 
province  except  Habana,  Puerto  Principe,  and  Santiago  was  equal  to  one  twenty- 
seventh  of  the  total  increase  from  March  14,  1861,  to  December  31,  1887. 

2.  That  the  change  from  1894  to  1899,  except  in  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago, 
was  one-fiftli  of  the  difference  between  the  population  of  1894  as  thus  estimated 
and  the  enumerated  population  of  1899. 

3.  That  Puerto  Principe  and  Santiago,  the  first  of  which  decreased  in  popula¬ 
tion  from  1861  to  1887  and  increased  from  1887  to  1899,  while  the  second  increased 
only  slowly  from  1861  to  1887,  but  rapidly  between  1887  and  1899,  made  the  entire 
gain  between  1837  and  1894,  and  thereafter  remained  stationary  for  five  years. 

4.  That  in  1887,  when  the  city  as  distinct  from  the  municipal  district  of  Habana 
was  not  separately  reported,  the  population  of  the  city  bore  the  same  relation  to 
the  population  of  the  municipal  d  strict  including  it  as  it  did  in  1899. 


716 


■REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


5.  That  the  population  of  Habana  city  increased  steadily  from  1887  to  1899  by 
an  equal  annual  amount. 

In  explanation  of  these  assumptions  it  may  be  stated  that  the  census  of  1877  in 
Cuba,  taken  during  the  Ten  Years’  War,  is  probably  much  less  trustworthy  than 
that  of  1861;  that  the  population  in  1861  of  the  provinces  as  now  constituted  has 
been  carefully  estimated  for  this  census  by  methods  elsewhere  explained  (pp. 
699-702)  and  that  the  influx  of  immigrants  into  Habana  city  during  the  years  of 
civil  war  may  have  caused  an  increase  of  population  there  while  the  total  popula¬ 
tion  of  the  island  was  decreasing. 


Approximate  birth  rate  of  Cuban  provinces  1890-1899. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Mantan¬ 

zas. 

Pinar 
del  Rio. 

Puerto 

Principe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago. 

1890  . 

21.84 

28. 05 

11.32 

28.00 

32.18 

13.58 

1891  . 

20. 66 

25.29 

10. 26 

25.08 

31.77 

14.73 

1892  . -  - . 

20. 93 

27. 43 

11.07 

25. 05 

32. 26 

13. 90 

1893  . - . . . 

20. 10 

26. 55 

9.13 
9. 50 

25. 32 

31.35 

12.18 

1894  . . . 

19. 20 

27.40 

28.82 

10.62 

1895  . . . . . 

18.75 

23.13 

9.24 

21.46 

24. 75 

6. 54 

1896  .  . . . 

18.21 

17.61 

9.70 

13. 15 

19.14 

3  87 

1897  . 

16. 53 

10. 10 

8.08 

9.51 

13. 86 

2.  48 

1898  . . . 

10. 62 

5.93 

6. 47 

6. 15 

7. 17 

2.97 

1899  _  . . 

17.72 

8.46 

22.93 

Santa  Clara 


Mantanzas 
Puerto  Principe 


Habana  City 
Cuba 


Santiago 
P.  del  Rio 


40 


30 


20 


10 


Birth  rates. 


0 


APPENDIX  XVIII. 


717 


Few  inferences  can  be  drawn  with  confidence  from  a  table  in  which  the  margin 
of  error  is  as  great  as  in  the  present.  The  records  of  the  two  provinces  of  Pinar 
del  Rio  and  Santiago  are  evidently  far  more  incomplete  than  those  for  the  other 
provinces.  One  may  note,  however,  the  regular  decrease  in  the  birth  rate  in  each 
province  to  a  minimum  in  1898,  except  for  Santiago,  where  the  rate  for  the  year 
before  was  slightly  less.  In  the  four  cases  in  which  the  birth  rate  for  1899  is  given 
there  was  a  marked  rise  which  in  Puerto  Principe  carried  the  rate  well  up  toward 
the  normal.  In  Habana  city  and  Pinar  del  Rio  the  influence  of  recent  disasters 
upon  the  birth  rate  was  apparently  much  less  marked  than  in  any  of  the  remain¬ 
ing  four  provinces,  but  owing  to  the  serious  omissions  this  inference  regarding 
Pinar  del  Rio  is  of  doubtful  accuracy. 

In  the  following  table  the  marriages  and  deaths  reported  in  Cuba  during  the 
decade  1890-1899  are  given  by  provinces  and  the  marriage  rates  and  death  rates 
found  on  the  same  assumptions  are  added.  In  order  to  make  the  results  more 
clear  to  the  eye  they  have  been  expressed  in  graphic  forms  as  a  series  of  curves. 


Marriages  reported  for  Cuba,  by  provinces  and  years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Matan¬ 

zas. 

Puerto 

Principe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cuba. 

1890  . .  . - . . 

953 

1, 107 

468 

2, 346 

642 

5,516 
5, 605 
5,916 
5,601 
3, 676 
3,848 
2,553 
2,038 
2,118 
1,963 

1891  . .  . 

996 

R204 

1,244 

1,157 

388 

2;  403 
2, 618 
2,445 
1,880 

614 

1892  . 

1,030 

1,032 

866 

401 

623 

1893 . . . . . . 

404 

563 

1894  _ _ _ _ 

365 

565 

1895  . . . . . . . 

901 

791 

343 

1,445 

882 

368 

1896  . . . . 

953 

310 

196 

212 

1897 . . . 

821 

251 

151 

689 

126 

1898  . . . 

861 

307 

228 

580 

142 

1899  . . . . . . 

1,183 

309 

471 

Total . . . 

9,596 

7,290 

3,969 

17,026 

5,754 

43,635 

Marriage  returns  for  Habana  province  outside  of  Habana  city  and  for  Pinar 
del  Rio  province  have  not  been  received. 

No  returns  were  received  from  Matanzas  province  for  1894  and  none  for  either 
Matanzas  or  Santa  Clara  province  for  1899. 

The  total  for  Santiago  includes  456  marriages  in  Gibara  and  60  in  Mayari  not 
distributed  to  the  several  years. 

Deaths  reported  for  Cuba,  by  provinces  and  years. 


Year. 

Habana 

(city). 

Matan-  Pinar  del 
zas.  Rio. 

Puerto 

Principe 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cuba. 

1890.. _ _ 

7, 432 
7, 105 
7, 185 
6,831 
6, 730 
7,410 
11, 728 
18,123 
21,235 
8, 153 

6,818 

6,202 

7,181 

7,017 

1,874 
1,737 
1,814 
1,771 
1,857 
2,878 
8,638 
15,454 
14, 186 
4, 1*3 

1.265 
1,168 
1,181 
1,133 
1,135 
2,363 
2,531 
3, 365 
2.875 
1,907 

7,975 
7,934 
8,117 
8, 422 
8,427 
9, 709 
14, 749 
46, 477 
40,835 

3, 309 
3,  760 
3,324 
3,169 
3,324 
6, 523 
9.894 
9,971 
12,053 
3,604 

28,673 
27,906 
28, 802 
28,343 
21,473 
35,891 
58, 034 
118, 737 
109,272 
17, 807 

1891....  _ _ _ 

1892 . . . . 

1893  . . . . . . 

1894  _ _ _ _ _ 

1895 . . . 

7,008 
10,494 
25, 347 
18,088 

1896. . . . . 

1897. . . . 

1898 . . . 

1899 . . 

Total  . . . 

101,932 

94,422 

54,352 

21,186 

159, 709 

69,299 

500, 900 

No  returns  were  received  for  Habana  province  outside  Habana  city,  except  for 
the  first  eight  months  of  1899,  and  these  have  not  been  included. 

No  returns  were  received  for  Matanzas  province  for  1894,  nor  for  Matanzas 
or  Santa  Clara  province  for  1899. 

The  total  for  Santiago  includes  3,109  deaths  in  Gibara  and  103  in  Mayari  not 
distributed  to  the  several  years. 

The  number  of  deaths  reported  during  the  four  years  1890-1893  was  113,724, 
an  annual  average  of  28,431.  That  during  the  four  years  1895-1898  was  321.934,  an 


718 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


annual  average  of  80,483  and  an  increase  of  52.052  deaths  a  year  over  the  number 
reported  in  time  of  peace  and  relative  prosperity.  This  means  an  increase  for  the 
four  years  of  208.210  deaths  over  and  above  those  which  would  have  occurred  had 
the  conditions  of  the  years  immediately  preceding  persisted.  To  this  number 
may,  perhaps,  be  added  59,06  >  as  the  number  by  which  the  reported  births  for 
1895-1898  fell  below  those  for  1890-1893.  By  this  method  it  appears  that  the  loss 
of  life  in  Cuba  during  the  four  years  1895-1898,  resulting  from  an  increase  of 
deaths  and  a  decrease  of  births  from  the  ratios  of  the  preceding  years,  was  probably 
in  round  numbers  not  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  (267.273).  In  judging  this 
rough  estimate  it  should  be  remembered  that  no  returns  at  all  were  received  from 
Habana  province  outside  Habana  city  and  that  this  territory  included  in  1899 
one-eighth  (12  per  cent)  of  the  population  of  Cuba.  If  one  assumes  that  this 
territory  lost  in  proportion  to  its  population  equally  with  the  rest  of  Cuba,  the 
approximate  loss  rises  to  over  390,000  (303,700).  Even  this  number,  if  we  note  the 
evidence  from  the  figures  themselves  that  registration  in  many  parts  of  Cuba  has 
been  defective,  and  recall  that  from  a.  number  of  municipal  districts  no  returns 
were  received,  may  fairly  be  deemed  rather  an  understatement  of  the  actual  loss 
of  life. 


Pro  mille  ratio  of  marriages  in  Cuba  to  total  ( estimated )  population,  by  provinces 

and  years. 


Year. 


1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 
189(1 

1897 

1898 

1899 


Habana 

(city). 


4.6 

4.8 

4.9 
4.8 
4.0 
4.  1 
4.2 

3. 6 

3.7 
5.0 


Matan- 

zas. 


4.2 

4.6 

4.7 
4.4 


3.1 

1.3 

1.1 

1.4 


Puerto 

Principe. 


6.1 

4.9 

4.9 
4.7 
4.1 

3.9 
2  2 
L7 
2.6 
3.5 


Santa 

Clara. 


6. 5 

6.6 
7.1 
6. 6 
5. 0 

3.9 
2.4 

1.9 
1.6 


Santiago. 


2.2 

2.0 

2.0 

1.8 

1.7 

1.1 

.6 

.4 

.4 

1.4 


Cuba. 


3.3 

3.3 

3. 5 

3.3 
2. 1 

2.3 

1.5 

1.3 
1.3 


c 

cr. 

oc 


o 

X 


c: 

x 


c~. 

cc 


c: 

00 


i.O 

Ci 

00 


CO 

C-. 

00 


l- 

X 


X 

oc 


cc 

c: 

00 


Pro  mille  ratio  of  deaths  in  Cuba  to  total  ( estimated )  population ,  by  provinces  and 

years. 


Year. 

' 

Habana 

I  (city). 

Matan- 

zas. 

Pinar 
del  Kio. 

Puerto 

Principe. 

Santa 

Clara. 

Santiago. 

Cuba. 

1890... . 

36.2 

25.9 

8.0 

16. 5 

22.0 

11.2 

17.2 

1891. ... 

34.0 

23.6 

7.3 

14.7 

21.7 

12.4 

16.7 

1892.... 

33. 8 

27.2 

7.5 

14.3 

22.0 

10.6 

17.1 

1893.... 

31.7 

26.5 

7. 3 

13.3 

22.6 

9.9 

16.7 

1894. 

7.5 

12.  9 

22.  4 

10. 1 

12.6 

•895... 

33.3 

27  7 

12.4 

26  8 

26  1 

19.9 

21.3 

1896.... 

51.9 

43.  6 

39.8 

28.7 

40.  1 

30.2 

35. 1 

1897.  .. 

79.0 

111.2 

70.3 

38  1 

127.0 

3U.  4 

73.0 

1898.... 

91.0 

84.  1 

75.5 

32. 6 

113.3 

36.8 

68.3 

1899.... 

34.6 

23.9 

21.0 

10.9 

APPENDIX  XVIII. 


719 


© 

8 


at 

cc 


00  DC 


© 

© 

oo 


N 

© 

oo 


oc 

© 

00 


© 

5 


Habana  City 


Matanzas 

Santa  Clara 
Caba 

Puerto  Principe 
Santiago 
Pinar  del  Rio 


«  1 

L 

\ 

i  i 

1  i 

I  i 

I I 

1 1 
■  i 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

f  1 

1  1 
II 

1  I 

li 

/  \ 

/• 

Ml  1 
Ml  h 

If  // 

ll  I 

Hr 

\ 

1 

/  t 

1 

I  '  1 

/  t  I 
/  *  A 
/  /  Hi 

/  I  Is 

t  /  Jr 

\\\ 

* 

+ , 

r 

r  j  or  3 

130 


120 


110 


100 


90 


80 


60 


50 


40 


30 


20 


10 


Death  rates. 


The  marriage  rates  for  all  years  and  all  provinces  are  very  low,  due  both  to  the 
small  number  of  marriages  in  Cuba,  for  reasons  explained  in  the  discussion  of 
marital  conditions,  and  also  to  the  imperfections  of  the  records.  Everywhere 
except  in  Habana  city  the  marriage  rates  fell  slowly  after  1894  to  a  minimum 
reached  in  1897,  except  in  Santa  Clara,  where  the  rate  in  1898  was  somewhat 
lower. 

While  the  marriage  and  birth  rates  sank,  the  death  rates  rose  to  maxima  usually 
in  1897,  but  in  Habana  city  and  Santiago  the  maxima  were  in  1898.  The  fluctu¬ 
ations  from  year  to  year  are  brought  out  clearly  in  the  diagram. 


720 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899 


The  following  tables  give  the  returns  of  births,  marriages,  and  deaths  by  munic¬ 
ipal  districts  as  reported  to  the  Director  of  the  Census.  No  returns  by  districts 
were  received  for  Habana  province  outside  Habana  city,  or  for  Pinar  del  Rio: 


Births,  1890-1899,  by  municipal  districts. 

HABANA. 


1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

189b. 

Total. 

City  of  Habana _ 

4, 488 

4,317 

4,441 

4,335 

4,205 

4, 171 

4,113 

3,788 

2,470 

4,181 

40,509 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZA3. 


Alacranes _ 

283 

307 

308 

424 

355 

313 

170 

88 

• 

48 

2,296 

1,483 

2,373 

2,456 

541 

Amarillas . . 

189 

229 

211 

245 

226 

187 

100 

55 

41 

Bolondron . . . 

399 

473 

342 

428 

318 

226 

84 

66 

37 

Cabezas  _ 

344 

437 

323 

396 

322 

342 

198 

70 

24 

Camarioca . . 

53 

60 

124 

110 

99 

85 

9 

1 

0 

Can  a  si . . 

147 

128 

141 

129 

198 

167 

102 

41 

0 

1,053 
1 4, 972 
1,995 
918 

Cardenas . . 

700 

702 

652 

557 

667 

590 

550 

331 

223 

Ceiba  Mocha . 

297 

291 

285 

291 

281 

271 

201 

60 

18 

Cimarones . 

150 

179 

153 

176 

142 

82 

14 

17 

5 

Colon _ _ 

205 

194 

193 

240 

253 

207 

204 

130 

84 

1,710 

1,040 

1,438 

1,840 

1,623 

1,676 

Cuevitas _ 

130 

159 

122 

205 

127 

95 

107 

74 

21 

Encomendador _ 

170 

139 

201 

201 

239 

222 

86 

115 

65 

Guamacara . 

375 

303 

348 

306 

294 

147 

29 

20 

18 

Guamutas _ _ 

332 

255 

232 

232 

258 

182 

143 

58 

127 

36 

Jaguey  Grande  _ 

157 

238 

291 

287 

253 

140 

59 

19 

Jovellanos . . 

256 

298 

294 

274 

297 

184 

129 

91 

43 

1, 866 
835 

Lagunillas  ... 

141 

124 

125 

155 

103 

126 

a5 

19 

7 

Macagua _ _ 

119 

105 

125 

395 

136 

99 

68 

58 

12 

16 

738 

Macuriges . 

468 

464 

394 

394 

175 

64 

51 

45 

2, 450 
1,050 
8,090 
1,334 

Manguito . . 

197 

164 

99 

162 

158 

132 

59 

63 

16 

Matanzas _ 

963 

961 

899 

921 

957 

980 

1,441 

92 

589 

379 

Maximo  Gomez _ 

211 

208 

187 

238 

208 

159 

12 

19 

Palmillas  .  . . .  . 

62 

120 

89 

92 

121 

101 

103 

25 

12 

5 

633 

Perico . . 

102 

122 

97 

105 

82 

50 

34 

20 

2  704 

Roque . .  ... 

207 

OQO 

168 

113 

193 

129 

56 

17 

3 

1,118 

San  Jose  de  las  Ra- 

mos  ....  _  . . 

188 

153 

160 

114 

145 

110 

158 

32 

78 

26 

1,011 

823 

Santa  Ana  _ 

177 

51 

95 

199 

108 

21 

6 

13 

Union  de  Reyes  .... 

121 

131 

153 

139 

125 

125 

123 

64 

45 

3 1,026 

Total _ _ 

7,119 

7,360 

6, 658 

7,247 

7,039 

5,859 

4,237 

2,302 

1,276 

49,097 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  4,9S2.  3  This  total  is  reported  as  1, 126. 

2  This  total  is  reported  as  724. 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total. 

Puerto  Principe 

1,199 

1,101 

1,111 

1,067 

1,008 

998 

1,171 

986 

658 

493 

314 

1,089 

11,195 

Nue  vitas _ 

141 

118 

121 

151 

157 

167 

201 

181 

195 

150 

79 

115 

1. 776 

Minas . . . 

86 

97 

37 

8 

87 

175 

73 

66 

37 

31 

25 

63 

785 

Caunao  _ 

59 

04 

47 

52 

16 

27 

31 

15 

50 

384 

S.  Jeronimo .  . . .. 

6 

60 

Id 

81 

Las  Yeguas . 

17 

33 

23 

26 

33 

18 

22 

172 

Santa  Cruz . 

91 

59 

81 

iui 

103 

&3 

99 

59 

41 

11 

15 

120 

863 

Cascorro _  .  . 

42 

57 

93 

<2 

71 

86 

66 

27 

514 

Moron . . 

258 

260 

266 

247 

254 

242 

261 

195 

o~ 

Ol 

33 

34 

227 

2,364 

Ciego  de  Avila.  . 

139 

254 

236 

148 

114 

141 

257 

277 

123 

120 

To 

301 

2, 185 

Chambas _ 

144 

120 

128 

121 

191 

217 

177 

99 

18 

. 

29 

1,244 

Total . 

|2, 176 

2, 156 

2,143 

1,993 

2,(464 

2,160 

2,418 

1,893 

1,159 

838 

542 

2,021 

21,. 563 

APPENDIX  XVIII 


721 


Births ,  1890-1899,  by  municipal  districts — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Abreus . . 

102 

86 

72 

73 

76 

75 

50 

55 

23 

35 

647 

Alvarez . 

106 

95 

76 

108 

98 

98 

69 

55 

12 

4 

721 

Banao . . 

208 

98 

269 

97 

235 

33 

0 

270 

101 

14 

1,325 

Cabaguan . 

42 

53 

47 

36 

44 

55 

40 

20 

18 

10 

365 

Caibarien . 

193 

195 

184 

222 

183 

211 

239 

234 

221 

136 

2,018 

Calabazar . . . 

296 

331 

257 

273 

231 

294 

174 

94 

85 

19 

2,054 

Camajuani . 

500 

490 

515 

600 

584 

567 

550 

391 

312 

191 

4,700 

Cartagena . 

205 

205 

259 

193 

175 

172 

155 

88 

49 

9 

i  1,510 

Cascajal . 

0 

0 

42 

70 

87 

79 

58 

48 

20 

6 

410 

Casilda . 

101 

92 

95 

88 

122 

95 

84 

99 

85 

38 

899 

Cienfuegos . 

833 

824 

802 

830 

874 

732 

698 

728 

663 

428 

7,412 

Cifuentes . 

241 

212 

263 

223 

223 

182 

162 

78 

79 

28 

1,691 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

156 

148 

276 

242 

185 

148 

62 

141 

104 

35 

1,497 

Cruces . 

167 

221 

178 

181 

178 

154 

103 

92 

104 

58 

1,436 

Cumanayagua . 

222 

205 

183 

151 

219 

223 

146 

15 

0 

11 

1,405 

Encrucijada . . 

39 

60 

68 

35 

202 

Esperanja  . 

449 

462 

452 

427 

454 

387 

383 

281 

166 

46 

3,507 

Fomento . . . 

168 

189 

177 

197 

190 

136 

142 

47 

38 

8 

2 1,292 

Guaniquical . 

25 

25 

25 

19 

14 

25 

14 

2 

7 

2 

158 

Gueira . . 

180 

204 

180 

188 

202 

213 

157 

29 

14 

10 

1,377 

Guinia  de  Miranda. 

113 

131 

129 

128 

113 

146 

1 

7 

768 

Isabel  de  Sagua  .... 

62 

81 

64 

68 

63 

57 

60 

73 

62 

49 

639 

Jibara  . 

71 

84 

66 

64 

41 

131 

3 

4 

1 

0 

465 

Manicaragua . 

115 

139 

149 

165 

153 

131 

79 

31 

4 

0 

969 

Mayajigua . 

64 

76 

78 

72 

73 

72 

53 

16 

20 

10 

534 

Neiva . 

86 

117 

135 

114 

101 

72 

86 

40 

4 

3 

758 

Palmarejo . . 

94 

66 

66 

*  89 

69 

102 

86 

76 

41 

9 

698 

Palmira . 

215 

216 

217 

246 

208 

208 

180 

125 

84 

37 

1,736 

Placetas  . 

420 

497 

487 

527 

491 

500 

419 

229 

116 

96 

3,782 

Quemado  de  Gui- 

nes . 

394 

377 

356 

221 

318 

321 

201 

105 

59 

32 

2,387 

Rancho  Veloz . 

147 

121 

161 

135 

122 

119 

81 

47 

63 

11 

1,007 

Ranchuelo . 

185 

172 

132 

161 

144 

159 

126 

103 

99 

33 

1,314 

Remedio . 

406 

425 

355 

389 

360 

351 

355 

281 

206 

93 

3,221 

Rio  Dice . . . 

119 

120 

121 

108 

129 

104 

82 

9 

8 

0 

800 

Rodas . . . 

164 

188 

162 

148 

119 

197 

169 

78 

57 

25 

1,307 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

611 

609 

557 

614 

608 

539 

508 

470 

372 

198 

3  5. 086 

San  Diego.. . 

164 

177 

149 

163 

135 

14 

79 

31 

8 

1 

4  921 

San  Fernando . . 

244 

232 

246 

284 

169 

195 

144 

118 

77 

24 

1,733 

San  Francisco . 

76 

64 

86 

57 

80 

67 

37 

10 

0 

0 

'477 

San  Juan  de  las 

Yeras . 

264 

278 

280 

324 

334 

266 

202 

129 

41 

14 

2, 132 

Santa  Clara _ 

797 

773 

786 

827 

575 

780 

703 

497 

330 

99 

6  6, 167 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 

Lajas . 

272 

a50 

353 

360 

318 

321 

302 

218 

166 

62 

2,722 

Santo  Domingo . 

442 

513 

518 

544 

498 

238 

377 

261 

39 

11 

3,441 

Sagua  la  Grande . . 

562 

531 

429 

353 

305 

296 

216 

254 

374 

167 

3,487 

Trinidad... . 

439 

450 

395 

438 

433 

414 

390 

482 

377 

252 

4,070 

Tuinucu . 

40 

54 

150 

128 

195 

160 

166 

97 

38 

123 

1,151 

Vueltas . 

2.56 

379 

346 

451 

498 

333 

437 

233 

100 

33 

3, 066 

Yaguajay . 

208 

152 

214 

189 

231 

264 

177 

142 

103 

53 

1,733 

Yguara . 

31 

50 

65 

229 

222 

184 

68 

14 

2 

0 

865 

Yaguaramas.. . 

124 

135 

37 

103 

173 

204 

87 

40 

19 

25 

.  947 

Total . 

11,379 

11,692 

11,641 

11,917 

11,682 

10,824 

9,202 

7,043 

5,046 

2,583 

93,009 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  1, 460. 

2  This  total  is  reported  as  1,269. 

3  This  total  is  reported  as  5,096. 

24662 - 46 


4  This  total  is  reported  as  1,018. 
6  This  total  is  reported  as  6,117. 


722 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Births,  1890-1899 ,  by  municipal  districts — Continued 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 


[Municipal  districts  marked  thus  (*)  send  no  returns  for  these  tables.  From  districts  marked 
thus  (t)  returns  are  certainly  incomplete.  From  districts  marked  thus  (t)  they  are  probably 
incomplete.] 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total 

Alto  Songo _ 

403 

508 

120 

140 

248 

451 

525 

121 

103 

210 

438 

494 

100 

121 

243 

437 

500 

170 

120 

259 

408 

560 

95 

113 

238 

447 

475 

118 

94 

109 

326 

534 

109 

109 

152 

175 

307 

74 

22 

98 

37 

174 

150 

26 

92 

38 

59 

96 

10 

35 

34 

17 

24 

3 

17 

59 

319 

109 

84 

32 

3,373 

4,538 

1,358 

1,011 

1,799 

Baracoa . . . 

Bayamo  *  . . 

Campecliuela . 

Caney . 

Cobre* .  _ 

Cristo* . . 

Gibarat . . 

1,785 

6,942 

1,627 

Guantanamo  t _ 

Holguin . 

Jiguani* _ 

090 

185 

580 

173 

890 

109 

804 

152 

1,027 

104 

726 

126 

491 

113 

345 

127 

258 

124 

147 

118 

608 

50 

364 

186 

Manzanillo  t . 

Mavarit  . 

081 

791 

480 

1,020 

687 

749 

738 

642 

264 

204 

. 

165 

857 

56 

125 

427 

7,284 

56 

125 

3,404 

Niquero  t . . 

Palina  Soriana . 

Puerto  Padre  * _ 

177 

350 

488 

422 

420 

458 

391 

146 

53 

40 

32 

Sagua  de  Tanamo . 
San  Luis .  - . 

225 

380 

270 

478 

220 

310 

190 

318 

214 

408 

222 

310 

249 

209 

130 

78 

44 

47 

24 

40 

11 

13 

61 

150 

1,860 

2,801 

Santiago  de  Cuba  t 

Total . _  _ 

3,823 

4,124 

4,019 

4, 470 

4,334 

3,894 

• 

3,481 

2, 144 

1,269 

811 

974 

2,829 

37,963 

Marriages  1890-1899  by  municipal  districts. 

HABANA. 


1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total. 

City  of  Habana _ 

953 

996 

1,030 

1,032 

866 

901 

953 

.  821 

861 

1,183 

9,586 

PROVINCE  OF  MATANZAS. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Alacranes  . 

20 

45 

69 

65 

50 

28 

0 

4 

10 

291 

Amarillas . . 

38 

43 

56 

47 

34 

31 

12 

1 

3 

265 

Bolondron 

32 

40 

48 

37 

46 

40 

4 

6 

11 

264 

Cabezas . - _ 

99 

75 

72 

81 

65 

40 

17 

6 

13 

468 

Camarioca . 

20 

14 

44 

40 

28 

24 

1 

0 

0 

171 

Canasi . - 

20 

14 

16 

23 

45 

23 

5 

1 

0 

147 

Cardenas 

100 

91 

69 

95 

87 

64 

51 

38 

27 

622 

Ceiba  Mocha. 

25 

25 

34 

25 

25 

16 

6 

1 

1 

158 

Cimarones  . 

10 

38 

46 

46 

19 

5 

rr 

( 

3 

2 

176 

Colon . . 

27 

41 

52 

40 

40 

17 

15 

12 

12 

256 

Cuevitas . 

1 

3 

2 

6 

4 

3 

0 

0 

6 

25 

Encomendador 

12 

19 

20 

21 

25 

24 

2 

1 

12 

136 

Guamacara _ 

59 

46 

67 

52 

57 

23 

rr 

i 

1 

5 

1 317 

Guamutas . 

17 

42 

49 

30 

25 

20 

1 

8 

11 

203 

Jaguey  Grande. . 

35 

105 

72 

91 

53 

40 

5 

3 

12 

416 

Jovellanos _ 

■>■> 

29 

19 

39 

25 

17 

8 

6 

9 

174 

Lagunillas _ 

6 

23 

23 

22 

24 

27 

2 

0 

0 

127 

Macagua . . 

20 

21 

17 

22 

13 

18 

6 

1 

9 

127 

Macuriges . 

34 

50 

50 

64 

52 

28 

8 

rr 

1 

12 

305 

Manguito . _ . . 

45 

34 

6 

6 

4 

8 

0 

3 

2 

108 

Matanzas . 

157 

192 

215 

233 

186 

106 

128 

108 

1..547 

Maximo  Gomez  .... 

23 

26 

24 

24 

23 

17 

10 

4 

9 

160 

Palmillas . . 

32 

6 

28 

30 

36 

6 

10 

1 

1 

150 

Perieo . . 

1 

10 

6 

8 

0 

4 

5 

1 

9 

44 

Roque  . . . 

33 

20 

44 

39 

30 

17 

8 

2 

1 

2  194 

San  Jose  de  los 

Ramas . 

15 

20 

15 

32 

58 

30 

8 

r* 

i 

14 

199 

Santa  Ana . 

3 

26 

22 

39 

43 

23 

4 

4 

1 

165 

Union  de  Reyes . 

13 

9 

12 

5 

13 

12 

2 

9 

7 

75 

Total . 

919 

1,107 

1,204 

1,244 

1,157 

791 

310 

251 

307 

7,290 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  318. 


2  This  total  is  rej)orted  as  184. 


APPENDIX  XVIII 


723 


Births,  1890-1899,  by  municipal  districts — Continued. 

PROVINCE  OP  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total 

Puerto  Principe. . . 

206 

227 

339 

230 

208 

233 

215 

205 

142 

86 

167 

183 

2, 441 

Nuevitas . 

24 

17 

27 

36 

32 

39 

34 

36 

22 

18 

22 

24 

331 

Minas . . 

10 

6 

10 

7 

14 

10 

8 

2 

2 

2 

20 

91 

Caunao  _ _ _ _ 

3 

2 

4 

9 

12 

2 

6 

1 

3 

42 

San  Jeronimo 

3 

18 

9 

8 

38 

Las  Yepnas 

3 

1 

1 

4 

4 

13 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur 

18 

18 

13 

23 

12 

16 

9 

16 

4 

5 

1 

20 

155 

Casonrro 

6 

1 

7 

Moron . . . 

44 

38 

28 

26 

47 

27 

25 

35 

5 

12 

8 

37 

332 

Ciudad  de  Avila... 

20 

37 

34 

43 

38 

45 

42 

31 

20 

28 

28 

19 

385 

Chambas . 

20 

23 

12 

17 

27 

15 

12 

5 

1 

2 

134 

Total.. . 

348 

368 

468 

388 

401 

404 

365 

343 

196 

151 

228 

309 

3,969 

PROVINCE  OP  SANTA  CLARA. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Abreus . 

20 

21 

14 

31 

26 

20 

7 

4 

15 

15 

173 

Alvarez . 

15 

21 

28 

30 

21 

33 

17 

2 

2 

0 

169 

Banao . - . 

20 

23 

21 

21 

22 

13 

14 

16 

13 

21 

184 

Cabaguan . 

3 

2 

l 

2 

6 

2 

5 

0 

0 

2 

23 

Caibarien . . 

14 

44 

43 

50 

46 

41 

27 

18 

20 

20 

323 

Calabazar . 

42 

78 

64 

90 

78 

51 

12 

9 

5 

5 

1  434 

Camajuani - 

50 

79 

83 

93 

66 

70 

41 

18 

21 

21 

542 

Cartagena  -r . 

18 

71 

53 

55 

56 

49 

49 

12 

3 

2 

368 

Cascajal . . 

0 

0 

3 

19 

8 

10 

8 

3 

4 

2 

57 

Casilda . 

12 

12 

24 

28 

17 

20 

11 

15 

10 

8 

157 

Cienfuegos . 

110 

194 

163 

173 

166 

132 

134 

136 

121 

98 

1,427 

Cifuentes . 

25 

92 

61 

130 

111 

71 

62 

22 

9 

10 

2  593 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

50 

28 

71 

67 

60 

34 

18 

8 

14 

7 

357 

Cruces . - 

9 

23 

22 

12 

32 

19 

24 

19 

8 

18 

3 186 

Cumanayagua . . 

27 

45 

46 

55 

75 

46 

43 

1 

1 

4 

343 

"P.nrrnci  jada  . . 

5 

1 

10 

5 

21 

Esperanza . 

86 

135 

129 

106 

iio 

92 

92 

38 

15 

10 

813 

Poment.o 

25 

22 

29 

52 

40 

30 

32 

3 

3 

236 

Guaniquical  . . 

5 

1 

8 

3 

3 

2 

3 

0 

0 

0 

25 

Gueira . . . 

13 

17 

18 

16 

11 

11 

5 

0 

0 

3 

94 

Guinia  de  Miranda. 

9 

8 

16 

26 

0 

59 

Isabela  de  Sagua ... 

0 

5 

6 

4 

5 

7 

4 

3 

9 

7 

50 

Jibaro  . 

1 

14 

10 

24 

18 

16 

7 

0 

0 

8 

98 

Manicaragua . . . 

11 

20 

17 

21 

51 

16 

10 

4 

0 

0 

150 

Mayajiqua . 

12 

17 

7 

4 

11 

6 

3 

1 

2 

0 

63 

Neiva . . . . 

5 

1 

14 

7 

4 

8 

7 

0 

0 

0 

46 

Palmarejo . . . 

10 

12 

12 

34 

17 

4 

4 

2 

1 

0 

96 

Palmira . 

18 

27 

26 

54 

55 

29 

25 

18 

9 

9 

270 

Placetas  . 

77 

109 

110 

123 

96 

77 

57 

32 

17 

28 

726 

Quemados  de 

Giiines . 

87 

91 

112 

92 

111 

83 

49 

23 

7 

9 

664 

Rancho  Veloz . 

16 

11 

12 

26 

24 

18 

8 

0 

11 

11 

137 

Ranchuelo . . 

30 

25 

23 

21 

16 

22 

17 

13 

12 

13 

192 

Remedios . . 

59 

97 

93 

95 

89 

54 

46 

24 

17 

14 

588 

Rio  Dice _ _ 

10 

14 

10 

22 

•  25 

13 

5 

6 

0 

2 

107 

Rodas . . . 

19 

18 

19 

17 

26 

36 

24 

15 

12 

14 

200 

Sancti-Spiritus . 

116 

139 

118 

102 

103 

117 

&5 

62 

51 

46 

919 

San  Diego. . 

19 

10 

19 

25 

18 

9 

8 

3 

5 

2 

118 

San  Fernando . 

28 

45 

75 

58 

55 

43 

34 

23 

55 

3 

419 

San  Francisco  ...  ,. 

6 

5 

12 

9 

6 

4 

4 

1 

0 

0 

47 

San  Juan  de  las 

Yeras  . 

33 

32 

49 

44 

41 

42 

15 

10 

8 

6 

280 

Santa  Clara . 

252 

227 

208 

167 

127 

128 

104 

60 

32 

1,529 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 

Lajas . 

40 

90 

68 

60 

82 

50 

37 

25 

14 

22 

488 

Santo  Domingo . 

117 

80 

117 

113 

102 

59 

39 

28 

20 

9 

684 

Sagua  la  Grande  . . . 

95 

100 

82 

78 

82 

65 

58 

32 

29 

37 

658 

Trinidad . . . 

81 

89 

91 

85 

95 

86 

44 

06 

56 

27 

72G 

Tuinucu _ _ 

2 

0 

10 

25 

23 

12 

8 

0 

0 

5 

85 

Vueltas.  . . 

12 

105 

124 

146 

114 

72 

85 

46 

16 

13 

7:33 

Yaguajay . 

7 

35 

34 

26 

33 

26 

24 

15 

7 

9 

216 

Yguara  . . . 

0 

0 

7 

9 

10 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4  32 

Yaguaramas . 

22 

12 

5 

27 

12 

27 

21 

1 

0 

0 

127 

Total . . 

1,738 

2,346 

2,403 

2,618 

Oi 

1 

1,880 

1,445 

882 

689 

580 

17,026 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  433.  3  This  total  is  reported  as  266. 

2  This  total  is  reported  as  601.  4  This  total  is  reported  as  33. 


724 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 
Deaths ,  1890-1899,  by  muncipal  districts—  Continued. 


PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 

[Municipal  districts  marked  (*)  send  no  returns  for  these  tables.  From  districts  marked  (t) 
returns  are  certainly  incomplete.  From  districts  marked  (£)  they  are  probably  incomplete.] 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total. 

Alto  Songo . 

23 

99 

22 

95 

99 

112 

35 

94 

w 

O! 

84 

36 

92 

41 

56 

8 

31 

5 

10 

2 

8 

4 

8 

25 

43 

280 

732 

Baracoa . . . 

Bayamo  * . 

Campechuela . 

Caney . . 

15 

25 

7 

25 

22 

31 

40 

17 

6 

37 

13 

34 

19 

17 

8 

19 

2 

6 

1 

2 

0 

0 

23 

14 

156 

227 

Cor  be* . 

Cristo* . 

Gibarat. . . 

456 

975 

720 

Guantanamo  J .... 
Holguin . . 

86 

55 

95 

45 

123 

78 

89 

37 

101 

80 

106 

44 

117 

70 

84 

54 

42 

44 

21 

25 

35 

26 

76 

162 

Jiguani  * . 

Manzanillo  t . . 

75 

62 

102 

91 

150 

126 

129 

94 

81 

57 

49 

64 

1,080 
1 60 
10 
351 

Mayarit . . 

Niquerot . 

10 

16 

Palma  Soriano  ... 
Puerto  Padre* _ 

40 

35 

48 

38 

35 

43 

49 

25 

8 

4 

10 

Sagua  de  Tanano. 

San  Luis _ _ 

Santiago  de  Cuba  t 

Total . 

44 

23 

15 

26 

51 

53 

2i 

152 

41 

32 

35 

34 

28 

39 

28 
.  17 

3 

11 

5 

1 

3 

7 

20 

18 

294 

413 

485 

427 

642 

614 

623 

563 

565 

368 

212 

126  j  142 

471 

5,754 

1  Record  for  1898  and  1899  not  separated. 

Deaths  1890-1900  by  municipal  districts. 

HABANA. 


1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total. 

Habana  City  1 . 

7,432 

7, 105 

7,185 

6,831 

6,730 

7,410 

11,728 

18,123 

21,235 

8,153 

101,932 

1  The  foregoing  are  the  official  figures  for  the  decade,  as  published  in  the  report  of  Maj.  J.  G. 
Davis.  We  have  also  received  in  manuscript  the  death  record  for  the  city  of  Habana,  including 
Puentes  Grandes,  as  follows: 


1890  .  7,599 

1891  .  7,219 

1892  . . .  7,201 

1893  .  6,047 

1894  . 7,108 

1895  . 7,362 

1896  .  11,762 

1897  . .  18  035 

1898  .  21,252 

1899  .  8,156 


MATANZAS. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Alacranes  . 

237 

261 

272 

307 

281 

231 

437 

1,351 

875 

Amarillas . 

135 

123 

116 

119 

130 

106 

‘>7*> 

710 

403 

Bolondron  .  . 

301 

439 

381 

393 

404 

346 

368 

897 

800 

Cabezas. . . 

198 

226 

196 

214 

191 

382 

1  652 

732 

Catnarioca . 

37 

42 

02 

62 

61 

48 

13 

53 

5 

Canasi . 

84 

87 

84 

100 

101 

113 

164 

35 

0 

Cardenas  . 

676 

711 

638 

730 

722 

751 

1,233 

3,112 

2, 132 

Ceiba  Mocha . 

142 

150 

135 

125 

128 

267 

1,218 

'538 

Cimarrones . 

184 

179 

139 

215 

172 

163 

1:32 

269 

161 

Col6n . 

261 

301 

269 

363 

449 

574 

1.219 

1.358 

967 

Cuevitas . 

130 

129 

141 

1 K5 

125 

132 

283 

539 

246 

Encomendador . 

120 

135 

141 

220 

195 

247 

189 

623 

438 

Guamacara . 

295 

310 

226 

300 

268 

197 

119 

163 

643 

Guamutas . 

206 

262 

202 

202 

211 

191 

98 

398 

304 

Jagiiey  Grande . 

111 

136 

146 

141 

K34 

147 

395 

1,119 

288 

Jovellanos . 

297 

357 

317 

405 

316 

331 

490 

1.004 

670 

Lagunillas . 

129 

106 

97 

jog 

104 

126 

42 

38 

25 

M  fieagua . 

103 

102 

117 

If  4 

158 

114 

212 

170 

160 

Macuriges . 

428 

483 

379 

379 

362 

357 

467 

691 

546 

Total. 


4,252 
2,114 
4,329 
3,946 
;ns 
768 
10, 705 
2,809 
1.614 
5,761 
1,890 
2,328 
2,521 
2,074 
2,616 
4,187 
788 
1,240 
4,092 


APPENDIX  XVIII 


725 


Deaths  1890-1900  by  municipal  districts — Continued. 


MAT  AN  Z  AS — Continued. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Manguito _ 

182 

183 

128 

158 

145 

140 

140 

416 

264 

1,756 
22, 752 

Matanzas _ _ 

1,289 

137 

1,168 

176 

1,180 

157 

1,353 

187 

1,326 

198 

1,408 

163 

2,327 

296 

6.729 

5,972 

339 

Maximo  Gomez _ 

889 

2;  542 

Palmillas . . 

53 

60 

75 

88 

88 

77 

57 

14 

29 

541 

Perico  . . 

90 

99 

132 

100 

101 

132 

137 

361 

241 

1 1,393 
1,199 

Roque  . . 

San  Jose  de  lo? 

184 

168 

142 

129 

106 

119 

50 

145 

156 

Ramos . - . 

153 

182 

151 

201 

199 

217 

356 

208 

326 

1,993 

1,313 

2,616 

Santa  Ana  _ 

94 

109 

85 

128 

151 

98 

81 

317 

250 

Union  de  Reyes .... 

111 

115 

136 

148 

171 

161 

328 

868 

578 

Total . 

6, 267 

6,818 

6,202 

7,181 

7,017 

7,008 

10,494 

25,347 

18, 088 

94,42 

1  This  total  is  reported  as  1,453. 


The  geographical  divisions  named  here  and  in  the  Santa  Clara  tables  differ  in 
many  instances  from  those  in.  the  Official  Bulletin.  It  has  been  found  impossible 
fully  to  harmonize  them. 


PROVINCE  OF  PUERTO  PRINCIPE. 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

Total. 

Puerto  Principe.. 

731 

775 

875 

854 

770 

762 

747 

1,736 

1,380 

1,344 

1,397 

1,381 

12, 752 

Nuevitas . 

88 

58 

72 

96 

80 

77 

86 

143 

205 

167 

212 

161 

1,445 

Minas . 

49 

56 

32 

11 

64 

70 

34 

60 

28 

16 

52 

67 

539 

Can  n  ao _ 

9 

7 

11 

11 

10 

5 

4 

1 

9 

67 

San  Jeronimn  .  . 

14 

13 

6 

33 

T,as  YftPiias .  _ _ 

4 

1 

3 

4 

8 

3 

8 

31 

Santa  Cruz . 

31 

29 

48 

26 

31 

23 

21 

119 

52 

46 

59 

33 

518 

Ca.scnrro .  .  .  _ 

13 

15 

14 

12 

18 

11 

7 

6 

98 

Moron - - 

98 

75 

113 

65 

87 

75 

83 

101 

195 

524 

340 

104 

1,860 

Ciudad  de  Avila.. 

68 

104 

71 

59 

61 

49 

85 

168 

648 

1,219 

803 

145 

3,480 

Chambas . 

26 

26 

26 

30 

38 

45 

54 

35 

23 

49 

12 

1 

365 

Total . . . 

1,117 

1,146 

1,265 

1,168 

1,181 

1,133 

1,135 

2,363 

2, 531 

3, 365 

GO 

1,907 

21, 186 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Abreus . . 

107 

121 

107 

121 

112 

91 

82 

130 

347 

214 

1,432 

Alvarez . 

30 

32 

20 

41 

33 

35 

36 

52 

196 

183 

658 

Banao . 

67 

73 

66 

67 

54 

46 

60 

72 

81 

96 

682 

Cabaguan . 

5 

10 

r* 

i 

13 

10 

6 

2 

17 

21 

18 

109 

Caibarien . 

85 

95 

128 

109 

148 

143 

184 

290 

404 

582 

2, 168 

Calabazar . 

244 

234 

223 

188 

224 

209 

166 

154 

1,454 

557 

3, 653 

Camajuani . 

213 

248 

250 

216 

242 

279 

340 

607 

1.624 

1,073 

5,092 

Cartagena . . 

157 

176 

107 

108 

156 

111 

114 

148 

556 

250 

1 1,883 

Cascajal . 

0 

0 

29 

67 

67 

59 

64 

128 

350 

345 

1,109 

Casilda . 

37 

52 

37 

42 

59 

43 

57 

70 

277 

393 

1,067 

Cienfuegos  . 

801 

934 

793 

905 

1,174 

1,023 

1,031 

2,474 

2, 665 

4,317 

16.117 

Cifuentes . . 

172 

153 

247 

184 

195 

199 

170 

256 

1,479 

778 

23, 833 

Ceja  de  Pablo . 

116 

152 

1200 

206 

172 

208 

139 

168 

466 

563 

2,390 

Cruces . 

167 

199 

178 

166 

136 

148 

142 

334 

1,078 

1,338 

3,886 

Cumanay  agua . 

82 

106 

83 

73 

80 

83 

34 

99 

237 

138 

1,015 

Encrucijada . . 

110 

892 

707 

1,755 

Esperanza  . 

185 

201 

220 

183 

205 

202 

201 

282 

2,030 

941 

4,650 

Fomento . 

41 

40 

58 

62 

54 

51 

181 

65 

219 

330 

1, 101 

Guaniquical . 

rt 

i 

8 

4 

4 

2 

4 

3 

0 

11 

3 

3  46 

Gueria  . 

77 

94 

89 

107 

87 

98 

103 

53 

81 

186 

975 

Guinia  de  Miranda. 

37 

36 

21 

26 

34 

122 

27 

303 

Isabel  de  Sagua . 

31 

43 

40 

30 

49 

36 

40 

47 

187 

213 

716 

Jibaro  . 

20 

17 

49 

19 

16 

36 

37 

14 

11 

9 

228 

Manicaragua . 

50 

83 

73 

78 

78 

85 

85 

116 

355 

21 

4 1,024 

Mayajigua . 

21 

37 

26 

18 

14 

14 

27 

15 

175 

39 

386 

Neiva . 

7 

25 

19 

23 

13 

15 

35 

9 

0 

0 

146 

3  This  total  is  reportedas  47. 

4  This  total  is  reported  as  1,224. 


1  This  total  is  reported  as  1,893. 

2  This  total  is  reported  as  3,823. 


726 


EFFORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

Deaths  1890-1900  by  municipal  districts — Continued. 
PROVINCE  OF  SANTA  CLARA — Continued. 


1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Palmarejo . . 

29 

38 

29 

61 

38 

51 

47 

47 

373 

352 

1.065 

Palmira . 

144 

195 

132 

178 

164 

144 

107 

211 

517 

936 

2,728 

Placetas  . 

Quemado  de  Gui- 

125 

180 

179 

200 

210 

194 

272 

438 

979 

1,402 

4, 179 

nes. . 

266 

277 

294 

271 

327 

289 

358 

404 

2,050 

1,262 

5,798 

Rancho  Veloz . 

69 

87 

124 

127 

132 

179 

153 

173 

574 

611 

2.229 

Ranchuelo. . 

86 

109 

115 

130 

155 

164 

115 

175 

2, 172 

1.532 

4,7.53 

Remedios . 

268 

377 

334 

318 

223 

274 

380 

795 

1.021 

1.477 

5.467 

Rio  Dice . 

56 

67 

80 

65 

71 

77 

61 

76 

179 

298 

1.030 

Rodas- . 

209 

212 

173 

139 

230 

170 

128 

220 

598 

656 

2, 735 

Sancti  Spiritus . 

867 

455 

466 

508 

453 

505 

1.361 

1.069 

2,609 

3,801 

11,594 

San  Diego. . 

106 

94 

123 

104 

106 

117 

87 

89 

434 

145 

1.405 

San  Fernando . 

79 

87 

86 

102 

123 

90 

105 

223 

413 

425 

1,733 

San  Francisco . 

San  Juan  de  las 

28 

20 

27 

25 

21 

34 

30 

11 

1 

2 

199 

Yeras . 

104 

103 

96 

131 

133 

144 

128 

177 

1.948 

514 

3,478 

Santa  Clara _ 

Santa  Isabel  de  las 

810 

804 

720 

512 

633 

701 

866 

1,400 

6,940 

4,858 

18,244 

Lajas . 

120 

173 

152 

188 

198 

218 

200 

253 

1,813 

1,484 

4,799 

Santo  Domingo _ 

233 

244 

297 

291 

281 

295 

330 

464 

534 

669 

3,638 

Sagua  la  Grande . . . 

494 

432 

521 

512 

572 

643 

581 

1,105 

2.436 

2.246 

9,542 

Trinidad . 

302 

361 

329 

479 

421 

341 

363 

856 

1.461 

2,303 

7,216 

Tuinucu . 

4 

20 

41 

45 

52 

64 

78 

42 

17 

36 

399 

Vueltas . 

224 

242 

282 

254 

244 

237 

294 

407 

3,063 

1,343 

6,590 

Yagua.iay . 

85 

147 

153 

138 

134 

152 

142 

243 

449 

762 

2,405 

Yguara . 

1 

6 

10 

58 

15 

8 

30 

2 

32 

16 

178 

Yaguaramas . 

96 

76 

97 

225 

72 

112 

114 

159 

546 

386 

1,883 

Total . 

7,064 

7, 975 

7,934 

8,117 

8,422 

8,427 

9,709 

14, 749 

46,477 

40,835 

159, 709 

PROVINCE  OF  SANTIAGO. 

[Municipal  districts  marked  thus  (*)  send  no  returns  for  these  tables.  From  districts  marked 
thus  (t)  returns  are  certainly  incomplete.  From  districts  marked  thus  (})  they  are  probably 
incomplete.  ] 


1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

To¬ 

tal. 

Alto  Songo . 

175 

147 

193 

154 

159 

138 

166 

237 

152 

131 

71 

125 

1,848 

Baracoa. . 

409 

324 

232 

358 

317 

246 

273 

387 

684 

796 

216 

266 

4,508 

Bayamo  * . 

73 

116 

132 

94 

85 

83 

190 

89 

367 

518 

213 

74 

2,034 

Campechuela . 

98 

141 

113 

79 

i 

40 

56 

27 

72 

633 

Caney . 

93 

94 

131 

210 

206 

103 

69 

100 

263 

279 

304 

62 

1,914 

Cobre  * . 

Cristo* . 

Gibarat . 

3,109 

Guantanamo}  .... 

472 

534 

494 

513 

493 

421 

525 

871 

1,474 

1,573 

1,279 

590 

9;  239 

Holguin . . 

136 

127 

124 

195 

109 

118 

104 

360 

454 

1,143 

1,482 

196 

4.548 

Jiguani*  .  _ 

Manzanillo  t . 

595 

653 

449 

372 

455 

447 

539 

1,087 

1.385 

492 

1,948 

675 

9,097 

Mayari  t _ 

1 103 

Niquerot 

45 

45 

Palina  Soriano.... 

80 

71 

247 

170 

134 

164 

162 

218 

197 

225 

116 

168 

1,952 

Puerto  Padre  * _ 

Sagua  de  Tanamo 

75 

80 

59 

86 

61 

67 

63 

264 

670 

175 

160 

85 

1,845 

San  Luis . 

149 

170 

126 

155 

199 

155 

146 

73 

164 

142 

247 

120 

1.846 

Santiago  de  Cubat 

1,187 

1,157 

1,009 

1,374 

1,099 

1,187 

1,031 

2,810 

4,012 

4,497 

6,017 

n,  198 

26,578 

Total . 

3,542 

3,614 

3,309 

3, 760 

3,324 

3, 169 

3,324 

6,523 

9,894 

9,971 

12,053 

3,604 

69,299 

1  For  1898-99. 


»  Jan.  1-Oct.  31. 


APPENDIX  XIX. 


727 


APPENDIX  XIX. 

POPULATION.1 

The  population  of  Cuba  in  1511,  when  Diego  Velasquez  came  from  Santo  Domingo 
with  300  colonists,  can  not  be  determined.  To  search  through  the  scanty  records 
which  remain  in  the  archives  of  the  Indies  at  Seville  would  be  in  vain;  nor  is  the 
information  to  be  found  in  the  Decades  of  Herrera,  the  Chronicles  of  Oviedo,  of 
Gomarra,  of  Bernal  Diaz  of  Castile,  or  in  any  other  books  of  the  time.  Some 
estimated  the  population  at  200,000,  others  at  300,000,  others  thought  it  still  more; 
but  all  agreed  that  the  Indians  were  not  adapted  to  labor  in  the  fields  and  mines, 
and  that  they  were  rapidly  disappearing.  This  occurred  in  spite  of  the  personal 
freedom  authorized  by  several  royal  decrees  and  recognized  soon  after  in  the  grants 
of  vassals  ( encomiendas )  and  in  spite  of  the  first  code  of  laws  of  the  Indies,  which 
went  into  effect  in  Cuba  in  1543.  From  various  reports  of  the  grants  ( encomiendas ) 
made  by  Velasquez  it  can  be  inferred  that  they  had  at  that  early  period  some  15,000 
Indian  vassals.  The  disappearance  of  those  Indians,  the  causes  of  which  have  been 
much  exaggerated  by  some  foreign  writers,  could  not  have  been  so  complete  and 
rapid  as  supposed,  when  more  than  seventy  years  after  the  conquest  the  towns  of 
Cobre  and  Guanabacoa  were  founded  by  the  survivors.  Even  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  too,  there  still  existed  near  Bayamon  the  village  of  Pueblo  Viejo  with  a 
population  descended  exclusively  from  aborigines. 

In  a  letter  to  the  King  in  1522  a  lawyer  named  Valdillo,  resident  judge  of  the 
second  Governor,  Gonzalo  de  Guzman,2  stated  that  there  were  some  5,000  natives 
in  the  whole  island,  and  about  500  African  negroes,  including  in  this  number  120 
who  had  arrived  only  a  few  months  before.  Valdillo  added  that  he  had  not  ascer¬ 
tained  the  number  of  Spaniards,  but  it  is  evident  from  previous  letters  that  the 
Spanish  inhabitants  of  Santiago  did  not  exceed  30. 

In  1528  there  were  no  more  than  that  in  Habana,  and  there  were  still  fewer  in 
the  other  villages,  Baracoa,  the  oldest  of  them,  being  almost  depopulated.  From 
another  letter  written  by  the  royal  treasurer  July  9,  1532,  and  preserved  in  the 
same  volume,3  we  infer  that  there  were  at  that  time  some  300  Spaniards  on  the 
island,  probably  5,000  Indians,  and  about  as  many  negroes  as  indicated  by  Valdillo. 
According  to  another  letter  written  by  Gonzalo  de  Guzman  February  5, 1537, 4  the 
city  of  Santiago  had  for  two  years  supplied  the  wants  of  the  vessels  which  were 
plying  between  the  Peninsula,  Santo  Domingo,  and  the  Spanish  Main. 

Our  want  of  reliable  records  thus  makes  it  impossible  for  us  to  estimate  the  native 
population  of  Cuba.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  that  early  race  has  disappeared,  has 
been  absorbed  by  that  other  race  which  early  in  the  sixteenth  century  attempted 
the  civilization  of  the  world.  Let  us  turn  our  attention  to  problems,  for  the 
solution  of  which  we  have  more  data. 

Accounts  say  that  in  1511,  soon  after  Velasquez  had  arrived  in  Cuba  with  his 
300  Spaniards,  as  stated  above,  a  multitude  of  colonists  came  from  Santo  Domingo, 
Jamaica,  and  Darien,  and  settled  in  the  oldest  towns  of  the  island.  They  were  at 
variance  with  the  governors  of  those  colonies,  and  had  been  attracted  to  Cuba  by 
reports  of  V elasquez’s  kindness  to  his  subordinates,  as  well  as  by  the  fertility  of  a  soil 
said  to  be  as  suitable  for  cattle-raising  as  for  cultivation.  Their  number  could  not 
have  been  considerable,  since  in  1515  the  whole  number  of  Spaniards  in  the  New 

1  Free  and  somewhat  abridged  translation  of  article  “  Population”  in  Pezuela’s 
Dictionary  of  Cuba,  with  omission  of  the  tables. 

2  See  eighty-seventh  volume  of  the  Munoz  Collection  in  the  library  of  The  Acad¬ 
emy  of  History  at  Madrid. 

3  Eighty-seventh  volume  Munoz  collection. 

4 Eighty-first  volume  Munoz  collection. 


728  REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 

World  was  scarcely  10,000,  and  the  first  colonial  generation  had  not  then  had  time 
to  multiply. 

Those  who  helped  to  swell  the  population  of  Cuba  in  the  early  years  were,  how¬ 
ever,  so  numerous  that  Francisco  Fernandez  de  Cordova  could  take  from  its  towns 
more  than  200  men  on  his  expedition  to  Yucatan  in  1517,  could  lose  nearly  100  in 
his  luckless  venture,  and  yet  two  years  later  Juan  de  Grijalva  could  secure  more 
than  800  with  whom  to  reconnoiter  the  Mexican  coast.  In  the  following  year 
Cortez  also  took  from  Cuba  617  men,  with  whom  he  achieved  the  incredible  con¬ 
quest  of  the  Mexican  Empire.  Supposing  that  there  remained  in  the  country 
twice  as  many  colonists  who  preferred  the  tranquil  lot  which  the  cultivation  of 
their  estates  iiromisedto  any  such  hazardous  adventures,  it  is  estimated  that  more 
than  a  thousand  Spaniards  stayed  in  Cuba  while  that  gigantic  conquest  was  going 
on.  This  estimate  will  not  appear  excessive  if  one  bears  in  mind  the  fact  that  on 
learning  that  his  disloyal  general,  Cortez,  had  cast  off  his  allegiance,  Velasquez 
dispatched  a  year  later  another  expedition  to  subdue  him,  which  consisted  of  1,000 
fighters,  not  counting  the  crews  of  the  ships.  Taking  the  same  basis  that  we  had 
for  our  first  surmise,  we  can  calculate  that  at  the  death  of  Velasquez,  which 
occurred  in  1512,  there  were  some  2,000  Castilians  distributed  in  the  Cuban  towns 
which  he  had  founded. 

Many  circumstances  combined  to  reduce  their  numbers,  chiefly  the  fact  that 
women  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  men  had  not  come  to  the  new  possessions. 
For  the  aggrandizement  and  the  wealth  of  the  Spanish  power  two  immense 
empires  were  laid  low,  that  of  the  Incas  and  that  of  Anahuac.  Fancy  was 
inflamed  by  the  first  fruits  of  a  conquest  made  by  means  that  nowadays  would 
not  suffice  for  the  taking  of  a  plaza  or  a  province.  The  wonders  and  the  treasures 
of  those  regions  were  exaggerated,  and  Spaniards  hastened  thither  to  make  easy 
fortunes.  Only  the  first  founders  remained  in  the  early  colonies  of  Cuba,  Jamaica, 
and  Santo  Domingo — those  who  had  already  made  their  fortunes  and  had  their 
grants  of  vassals  ( encomiendas )  or  those  who  on  account  of  old  age  preferred  quiet 
traffic  in  produce  and  in  cattle  to  the  dangers  and  fatigues  of  such  ventures 
with  their  uncertain  outcome.  The  abolition  of  the  grants  of  Indian  vassals,  a 
humane,  although  tardy,  measure  by  which  the  Crown  sought  the  preservation 
of  the  native  race  in  the  New  World,  soon  drove  into  the  adventurous  life  of  con¬ 
quest  some  of  those  who  would  have  preferred  to  remain  at  home.  Two  other 
causes  also  helped  to  decrease  rather  than  increase  the  white  population  of  Cuba; 
first,  the  restrictions  on  exportation  to  the  Continent  of  horses  bred  in  Cuban 
fields,  which  was  the  principal  source  of  revenue  in  Cuba's  growing  commerce; 
and,  secondly,  Hernando  de  Soto’s  disastrous  expedition  to  Florida,  which  drew 
off  many  colonists  from  Cuba. 

The  depopulation  of  Cuba  begun  by  the  conquests  was  sadly  increased  by  the 
violent  attacks  of  buccaneers  and  pirates,  who  swarmed  from  Europe  to  share  in 
the  booty  of  the  New  World.  In  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  they  sur¬ 
prised,  sacked,  and  destroyed  Santiago  and  Habana,  the  two  principal  towns. 
Those  towns  were  so  destroyed  and  deserted  that  according  to  one  account 1  there 
were  on  July  1,  1555,  in  the  capital  of  the  Antilles,  which  is  to-day  so  populous, 
only  33  families  and  13  strangers  or  sojourners. 

If  any  report  on  the  population  of  the  island  was  made  for  more  than  a  century 
afterwards,  it  has  disappeared.  In  the  documents  referring  to  Cuba,  which  are 
preserved  in  the  general  archives  of  the  Indies  at  Seville,  none  has  been  found. 

Don  Antonio  J.  Valdez,  referring  in  his  History  of  Habana  to  some  traditions 
and  incidents  subsequent  to  the  year  1656,  the  year  in  which  the  English  had 

1  See  eightv-seventli  volume  cf  Munoz  Collection  in  the  archives  of  the  Academy 
of  History. 


APPENDIX  XIX. 


729 


taken  possession  of  Jamaica,  says 1  that  the  emigration  of  Spaniards  from  that 
island  caused  an  increase  of  more  than  8,000  souls  in  the  population  of  Cuba,  which 
was  estimated  to  contain  after  that  some  30,000  souls. 

In  spite  of  the  almost  defenseless  state  of  the  country,  in  spite  of  pirates  and 
hostile  armaments  that  still  frequently  menaced  its  inhabitants  and  the  restric¬ 
tions  on  navigation  and  commerce,  so  inimical  to  the  extension  of  its  agriculture, 
the  indomitable  courage  of  the  country  rose  superior  to  all  obstacles;  and  in  the 
midst  of  difficulties,  although  slowly,  the  cultivation  of  the  soil  increased,  and  with 
it  the  population.  In  the  Voyages  of  Francisco  Coreal  in  the  West  Indies,  pub¬ 
lished  in  Paris  in  1697,  that  author  calculated  there  were  more  than  50,000  souls 
on  the  island  and  more  than  25,000  in  the  capital. 

The  Austrian  dynasty  on  the  Spanish  throne  became  extinct  on  the  death  of 
Charles  II.  The  first  sovereign  of  the  Bourbon  line,  who  from  the  first  year  of 
the  last  century  occupied  the  throne  by  vote  of  the  people  and  by  aid  of  France, 
returned  the  favors  of  his  new  fatherland  by  giving  French  traders  a  share  in 
Spain’s  commerce  with  its  colonial  empire.  Under  pretext  of  being  allies  the 
French,  from  1702  to  1703,  entered  upon  such  commercial  speculations  with 
Habana  as  the  poverty  of  the  country  and  the  superiority  of  the  English  navy 
would  permit.  The  French  and  Spanish  held  their  own  very  successfully  in  the 
waters  of  Cuba  against  the  English  and  Dutch  in  the  long  war  of  the  Spanish  suc¬ 
cession,  and  owing  to  that  fact  and  thanks  also  to  the  increase  in  the  cultivation 
of  tobacco,  the  population  likewise  increased  on  a  greater  scale  than  ever  before. 
After  1718  that  increase  was  promoted  by  the  introduction  of  African  slaves,  a 
privilege  granted  exclusively  to  England  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht;  and  towards 
1730  the  population  of  Cuba,  not  including  troops,  visitors,  or  seamen,  was/ 
according  to  statements  in  a  multitude  of  documents  of  that  time,  estimated  at 
more  than  100,000  souls. 

It  was  increased  later  by  the  emigration  of  Spaniards  from  Florida,  which  was 
ceded  to  England  in  1763,  by  immunities  from  taxes  upon  navigation  and  com¬ 
merce,  and  by  the  erection  of  considerable  fortification  works  which  were  started 
that  same  year  in  Habana  by  foreigners. 

But  not  even  the  metropolitan  government  itself  had  authentic  and  accurate 
data  about  the  population  before  1774.  In  that  year  the  Marquis  de  la  Torre,  the 
Captain-General  in  command  at  the  time,  finished  making  his  first  census. 

As  shown  by  that  important  document,  the  population  of  the  island  had  already 
been  increased  by  the  combination  of  aforesaid  circumstances  to  172,620. 

The  government  was  divided  into  eighteen  jurisdictions,  viz:  Habana;  Santiago 
de  Cuba;  the  holdings  of  the  government  of  Puerto  Principe;  Matanzas;  Trinidad; 
Bayamo  y  Baracoa;  the  distritos  of  Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  Pinar  del  Rio,  which 
was  just  being  colonized;  the  Isle  of  Pines;  Santa  Maria  del  Rosario;  Guanabacoa; 
Jaruco;  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios;  Santa  Clara  o  Villa-Clara;  Sancti  Spiritus; 
Holguin  and  San  Felipe;  and  Santiago. 

In  the  whole  length  and  breadth  of  the  land— including  towns,  the  scattered 
estates,  and  the  rural  districts — there  were  about  29,588  houses  or  buildings,  not 
counting  90  churches,  52  parochial  houses,  20  monasteries,  3  nunneries,  2  colleges, 
and  19  hospitals.  In  these  resided  55,376  male  whites,  40,864  females  of  the  same 
color,  19,207  free  mulattoes,  and  11,640  negroes,  also  free,  and,  finally,  44,333 
slaves.  A  second  general  census  was  taken  in  1792  by  order  of  Captain-General 
Don  Luis  de  las  Casas.  It  showed  a  further  increase  of  population,  manifestly 
due  to  various  causes.  Among  them  might  be  mentioned  the  aforesaid  free-trade 
agreement  by  which  the  exports  of  Cuba  and  all  America  had  free  entrance  into 
the  principal  ports  of  the  Peninsula;  the  assemblage  of  military  powers  in  Habana 


1  See  Valdez,  Historia  de  la  Habana ,  published  in  Habana,  1814,  p.  76. 


730 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


from  1779  to  1783  during  the  four  years  of  war  between  Spain  and  Great  Britain; 
the  introduction  of  slaves  from  Africa;  and  the  destruction  of  the  rich  French 
colony  of  Santo  Domingo,  whose  place  in  the  market  Cuba  immediately  attempted 
to  take  with  some  of  her  own  wares. 

In  spite  of  the  statistical  works  repeatedly  ordered  by  the  Marquis  of  Someruelos, 
during  his  long  rule  no  census  was  published  again  until  1817. 

By  aid  of  the  partial  registry  rolls,  Don  Francisco  Arango  y  Parreno  compiled 
some  notes  in  reference  to  the  long  interval  between  1792  and  1817.  According 
to  his  figures,  the  population  of  the  jurisdiction  of  Habana  in  1810  was  not  less 
than  161,000  whites,  42,000  free  colored,  and  147,000  slaves,  which  represented  a 
total  of  350.000  inhabitants  for  the  western  part  of  Cuba.  He  calculated  that  in 
the  eastern  part,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  there  were  40,000  whites,  38.000  free  colored, 
and  32,000  slaves,  making  a  total  of  110,000  inhabitants.  Seventy  thousand  more 
were  found  in  the  territory  of  Puerto  Principe  alone,  including  38,000  whites, 
14,000  free  colored,  and  18,000  slaves.  In  the  territory  of  the  four  towns  he  esti¬ 
mated  that  there  were  35.000  whites.  20,000  free  colored,  and  15,000  slaves,  mak¬ 
ing  a  total  of  70,000  inhabitants. 

The  notes  made  by  Arango  were  published  July  20,  1811,  by  the  secretary  of 
the  consulate,  Don  Antonio  Valle  Hernandez,  for  the  use  of  the  board  of  instruc¬ 
tion.  They  showed  an  entire  population  of  600,000. 

This  extraordinary  increase  of  nearly  328,000  in  a  single  period  of  nineteen 
years  is  very  naturally  explained  by  the  immigration  of  large  numbers  of  French 
and  Spanish,  who  betook  themselves  to  the  island  in  1803,  after  the  United  States 
had  taken  possession  of  Louisiana  and  after  the  negroes  had  made  themselves 
masters  of  Santo  Domingo.  The  population  was  also  immensely  increased  through 
the  constant  importation  of  negroes,  through  the  steady  growth  of  agriculture 
due  to  them,  and  through  the  acquisition  of  commercial  privileges  with  foreigners, 
although  their  liberty  was  not  declared  until  1818. 

The  Captain-General  of  the  island,  Don  Jose  de  Cienfuegos,  published  in  1817 
another  census  of  the  population.  It  showed  a  total  of  553,028,  nearly  47,000  less 
than  Arango’s  census,  published  by  Valle  Hernandez.  What  caused  that  decrease? 
Instead  of  good  reasons  for  a  loss  there  appear  to  have  been  many  conditions  dur¬ 
ing  the  six  years  that  intervened  between  the  census  of  1811  and  that  of  1817  that 
might  have  stimulated  a  natural  increase  in  the  population.  Such  were  the  con¬ 
stant  importation  of  Africans,  the  encouragement  of  agriculture  in  nearly  every 
district  (distritos) ,  and  the  extension  of  commerce  from  year  to  year  and  month 
to  month.  Many  have  thought  that  the  inexplicable  decrease  in  the  census  of  1817 
had  its  origin  in  the  concealment  practiced  by  many  of  the  planters  regarding  the 
true  number  of  their  slaves.  They  did  so  out  of  desire  to  escape  a  poll  tax  levied  at 
that  time.  Only  thus  can  the  fact  be  explained  that  the  official  count  was  less 
than  that  made  six  3Tears  before  by  Arango. 

The  Captain-General,  Don  Francisco  Dionisio  Vives,  ordered  in  1826  the  taking 
of  another  general  census,  with  the  addition  of  interesting  statistical  data  that  had 
not  been  included  in  the  three  previous  censuses.  This  document,  of  which  we 
also  give  a  summary,  showed  a  total  population  of  704,487  inhabitants,  thus  prov¬ 
ing  that  the  decrease  of  population  shown  in  ,the  census  of  1817  was  a  mistake. 
The  conditions  which  obtained  on  the  island  between  the  census  of  1817  and  that 
of  1827  had  not  been  so  favorable  that  its  population  could  have  been  increased  by 
151,459  people.  It  had  been  a  decade  of  danger,  vicissitude,  and  turmoil. 

Spain’s  colonial  empire  had  just  shaken  off  the  yoke.  The  unsettled  condition 
that  prevailed  from  1820  to  1823  had  banished  confidence  from  Cuban  soil  and 
driven  away  a  portion  of  the  capital  that  at  a  normal  time  would  have  made  the 
island  productive. 

However  that  may  be,  the  census  or  statistical  report  of  1827  was  the  most  com- 


APPENDIX  XIX. 


731 


plete  and  important  work  that  up  to  that  time  had  been  published  about  an  island 
that  could  hardly  be  effectually  governed  until  it  was  well  known.  It  was  not 
like  the  previous  censuses — a  simple  summary  of  population.  It  was  the  first 
description  that  is  known  of  the  public  wealth  of  Cuba,  in  which  classification  was 
made  of  the  products,  departments,  and  jurisdictions.  It  was  in  fine  the  first 
instance  of  an  account  that  was  accurate  and  satisfactory  by  reason  of  its  entire 
freedom  from  numerical  errors  and  misleading  statements. 

It  was  shown  in  this  census,  as  in  the  previous  ones,  that  in  spite  of  the  immense 
importation  of  Africans,  the  free  population  of  Cuba,  and  even  its  white  popula¬ 
tion,  continued  to  have  the  advantage  of  the  slaves  in  numbers.  In  spite,  too,  of 
the  increase  of  the  latter  after  the  announcement  that  the  traffic  would  soon  be 
suppressed,  and  the  consequent  effort  on  the  part  of  the  slave  traders  to  make  the 
most  of  the  time  that  remained,  there  was  in  1827  an  excess  of  24,109  white  people 
over  the  number  of  slaves.  Hence,  the  catastrophe  which  had  destroyed  opuient 
Santo  Domingo,  where  in  1790  there  were  15  slaves  for  every  free  person,  seemed, 
very  remote  from  the  greatest  of  the  Antilles. 

“  In  the  fifty-three  years  intervening  between  the  census  of  Marquis  de  la  Torre 
and  that  of  1827,”  says  Lasagra,  “  the  general  population  had  an  increase  of  532,867 
people.”  The  increase  is  58.6  per  cent  from  1774  to  1792, 103  per  cent  from  1792  to 
1817,  and  27.3  per  cent  from  1817  to  1828,  which  makes  an  annual  increase  in  each 
one  of  the  three  periods  of  3.2,  4.0,  2.7  per  cent,  respectively.  Beginning  with 
the  first  census,  the  average  of  the  annual  increase  for  each  one  of  the  fifty-three 
years  is  5.8  per  cent.  The  annual  increases  of  each  class,  respectively,  have  shown 
several  variations,  resulting  from  the  fluctuations  ( progresos )  in  population  in 
accordance  with  causes  that  influenced  it. 


Whites. 

Free 

colored. 

Slaves. 

Total 

colored. 

1774^1792  . 

2.7 

4.2 

5 

4.6 

1792-1817  . . . 

3.1 

2.1 

4.4 

5.4 

4.4 

1817-1827  . 

0. 68 

4.4 

2.5 

“The  period  of  greatest  increase  in  the  white  population  as  well  as  the  slave 
seems  to  be  that  between  the  second  and  third  censuses,  and  the  least  favorable 
period  the  last  ten  years.”  The  same  statement  is  found  on  page  25  of  the  Statis¬ 
tical  Report  of  1827. 

The  increase  in  the  general  population  of  the  island  which  was  shown  in  the 
census  of  1841  is  explained  by  several  circumstances.  Among  them  are  the  immi¬ 
gration  of  Spaniards  persecuted  by  the  Mexican  Government  in  1829  and  the 
immigration  of  the  French  who  were  resident  in  that  Republic  at  the  time  when 
it  had  the  boldness  to  enter  into  conflict  with  France;  the  successive  reinforce¬ 
ments  of  Spanish  troops  in  Cuba;  the  great  number  of  Spaniards  who,  driven 
from  home  by  a  long  civil  war  (1833-1840),  sought  its  tranquil  and  fertile  shores; 
and,  finally,  the  arrival  after  1827  of  some  500  cargoes  of  negroes.  The  census  of 
1841  was  taken  by  the  brigadier  Don  Pablo  Ruiz  de  la  Bastida  under  orders  of 
the  Captain-General  Don  Geronimo  Valdes.  The  total  number  of  inhabitants 
amounted  then  to  1,007,624.  There  are,  however,  no  lack  of  writers  who  consider 
that  figure  exaggerated,  in  consequence  of  some  errors  and  irregularities  found  in 
the  registration  lists  that  were  used  in  numbering  the  inhabitants  of  certain  divi¬ 
sions  ( partidos )  and  jurisdictions  (jurisdiciones) .  But  the  reasons  alleged  by 
D’Hespel  D’Arponville  and  other  publicists  for  discrediting  the  count  of  1841  could 
with  more  justice  be  advanced  against  the  accuracy  of  the  four  previous  censuses. 
Considering,  too,  that  works  of  this  class  can  never  be  perfectly  complete,  not 


732 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


even  among  the  nations  most  advanced  in  statistical  practice,  we  must  certainly 
give  preference  to  the  statements  of  those  who  use  the  facts  and  figures  published 
by  the  Government,  which  has  always  infinitely  better  means  of  ascertaining  the 
truth  than  have  the  critics. 

The  last  census  published  appeared  in  1846  and  showed  a  decrease  in  the  general 
population  of  the  country  instead  of  the  increase  that  might  have  been  expected 
by  reason  of  the  universal  peace,  the  recognition  by  Spain  of  the  independence  of 
almost  all  the  American  States  that  had  cast  off  their  allegiance,  and  the  various 
measures  restricting  the  African  trade.  A  reason  for  the  decrease  is  found  in  the 
prolonged  droughts  and  disastrous  hurricanes  which  afflicted  the  country  during 
the  five  years  from  1841  to  1846  and  destroyed  the  greater  part  of  the  crops.  A 
great  amount  of  capital  was  also  withdrawn  at  this  time,  and  it  was  a  surprise  to 
no  one  who  had  been  a  keen  observer  of  conditions  that  the  census  of  1846,  which 
was  made  by  the  commission  of  statistics  after  a  most  careful  examination  of  the 
partial  registry  rolls,  showed  a  general  population  of  no  more  than  898,752  inhabi¬ 
tants,  108,872  less  than  that  of  the  census  of  1841. 

From  the  following  statements  of  baptisms,  burials,  and  marriages  of  the  two 
dioceses  of  the  island  the  progress  ( movimiento )  of  the  population  may  be  calcu¬ 
lated  for  the  five  years  from  1842  to  1846. 

A  comparison  of  the  birth  and  mortality  rates  of  the  whites  with  the  same  rates 
of  the  colored  classes  shows  that  in  those  five  years  there  was  a  proportion  of  1.17 
births  among  the  whites  to  1  among  the  colored  classes — that  is  to  say,  that  100 
whites  were  born  for  every  85  negroes  and  mulattoes.  It  also  shows  that  89 
whites  died  for  every  100  of  the  colored  classes,  a  difference  which  is  satisfactorily 
explained  by  the  difference  in  habits,  regimen,  and  occupations  of  the  two  races. 

The  great  sterility  and  high  mortality  of  the  colored  classes  can  scarcely  be 
attributed  to  the  condition  of  servitude  in  which  so  many  of  their  number  lived. 
It  had  its  principal  origin  in  the  disproportionate  numbers  of  the  two  sexes,  in  the 
celibacy  enforced  on  many  slaves  through  scarcity  of  women  on  many  of  the  plan¬ 
tations,  and  in  the  death  of  from  10  to  12  per  cent  of  their  number  who  suffered 
in  the  first  months  after  their  arrival  in  Cuba  from  diseases  contracted  before 
coming.  It  certainly  can  not  be  said  that  they  suffered  from  the  rigors  of  the 
climate,  since  it  was  as  favorable  as  their  own  for  the  preservation  and  develop¬ 
ment  of  their  race. 

Considering  the  circumstances  under  which  the  colored  classes  came  to  Cuba, 
their  habits,  their  occupations,  and  the  absence  of  fixed  family  relations  among 
them,  the  mortality  rate  among  the  whites  appears  disproportionately  large.  We 
could  cite  a  great  number  of  writers  to  prove  that  1  out  of  every  18  whites  died 
each  year.  La  Sagra  has  made  some  observations  regarding  the  mortality  rate 
from  1836  to  1841,  a  period  of  five  years  during  which  the  number  of  deaths 
exceeded  the  number  of  births,  and  from  him  we  learn  that  that  excess  averaged 
339.6  deaths  for  every  one  of  those  years. 

According  to  the  census  of  1846  the  total  number  of  inhabitants  did  not  exceed 
898,752.  That  was  an  average  of  284  inhabitants  to  every  maritime  league  of 
the  3,000  square  leagues  which  comprise  the  island.  In  the  western  department, 
which  contained  570  leagues,  there  were  538,616  people.  In  the  old  central  depart¬ 
ment,  which  contained  1,370  leagues,  there  were  no  more  than  196,054.  Only 
189,062  people  were  found  in  the  old  eastern  department,  which  then  contained 
1,222  square  leagues. 

At  the  beginning  of  1854,  when  the  task  of  compiling  this  dictionary  was  under¬ 
taken,  we  were  seriously  embarassed  by  the  fact  that  no  census  or  general  summary 
of  population  had  been  published  since  1846.  Through  the  favor  of  the  supreme 
government  of  the  island  and  the  gracious  assistance  of  Brigadier  Don  Juan  Rod¬ 
riguez  de  la  Torre,  chief  of  the  commission  of  statistics,  we  were  furnished  with 


APPENDIX  XIX. 


733 


a  multitude  of  statements  of  the  movement  ( movimiento )  of  the  population  by 
classes  and  periods  for  some  years  after  the  last  census.  Those  documents,  being 
of  official  origin,  enables  us  to  estimate  the  general  population  of  the  island  toward 
the  end  of  1849  at  946,932  inhabitants. 

Neither  in  this  summary  of  classes  nor  in  the  official  census  of  classes,  nor  in 
the  official  census  of  1846  are  the  veteran  troops  included  or  the  crews  of  merchant 
ships  and  men-of-war,  or  the  large  floating  population  always  found  in  Cuba, 
one  of  the  most  central  American  islands. 

A  comparison  of  the  totals  shows  that  in  the  three  years,  1847,  1848,  and  1849, 
the  general  population  was  increased  by  only  48,180  people,  and  it  is  clearly  seen 
that  in  spite  of  all  efforts  to  the  contrary  it  did  not  increase  in  proportion  to  the 
development  of  agriculture  and  commerce. 

The  scarcity  of  laborers  was  keenly  felt.  Some  speculators  in  1847  obtained  per¬ 
mission  from  the  Government  to  bring  over  consignments  of  natives  from  ports  of 
southern  China,  They  were  under  contract  for  several  years,  and  were  hired  to 
planters  under  conditions  favorable  to  the  contractors.  Planters  found  after 
employing  them  on  their  land  that  the  Chinamen,  on  account  of  their  superior 
intelligence,  were  better  adapted  than  the  negroes  to  the  work  of  refining  sugar, 
but  their  endurance  was  not  equal  to  that  of  the  negroes  in  the  task  of  cultivating 
and  cutting  the  sugar  cane,  which  is  the  work  that  requires  the  greatest  number 
of  hands.  Their  nature,  moreover,  was  not  such  as  to  make  them  content  with  the 
humble  condition  of  laborers  in  sugar  mills. 

They  murdered  some  of  the  overseers  and  white  employees  as  well  as  some  of 
their  own  number.  They  had  been  imported  into  the  island  without  women  of 
their  own  race  who  might  have  made  life  more  tolerable  to  them,  and  on  account 
of  their  peculiar  physique  the  people  of  the  island  felt  a  natural  aversion  to  them. 
Only  the  pressing  and  widespread  need  of  laborers  made  them  welcome  on  the 
plantations. 

Another  expedient,  new  also  but  more  suitable  and  successful,  was  hit  upon  by 
that  shrewd  speculator,  Don  Francisco  Marti  y  Torrens.  He  dispatched  some 
boats  from  his  fishing  fleet  to  Yucatan  to  bring  away  some  of  the  native  Indians 
who  were  in  revolt  there  on  account  of  the  violence  of  Mexican  Government 
officials. 

Distributed  among  the  planters,  those  Indians  proved  quite  as  well  adapted  as 
the  Chinamen  to  plantation  labor  and  almost  as  capable  of  endurance  as  the 
negroes.  Their  women  and  children  came  with  them,  and  so  they  were  content 
to  remain  wherever  they  found  employment.  If  they  had  only  been  imported  in 
larger  numbers  they  might  have  solved  the  great  labor  question  of  the  island. 
But  after  the  rebellious  Indians  of  Yucatan  had  been  quieted  the  Mexican  Govern¬ 
ment  opposed  the  exportation  of  the  Indians,  or  at  least  consented  to  it  on  condi¬ 
tions  so  burdensome  as  to  be  prohibitory.  Cuban  proprietors  had  just  begun  to 
realize  the  worth  of  the  Yucatan  Indians  when  they  had  to  give  up  all  hope  of 
being  able  to  cultivate  their  plantations  by  their  aid. 

The  old  territorial  division  of  the  island  disappeared  in  1850.  With  some  modi¬ 
fications  the  three  departments  had  been  retained  ever  since  1821.  The  new  divi¬ 
sion  provided  for  two  departments,  corresponding  to  the  two  dioceses.  The 
western  department  was  increased  by  the  adjoining  half  of  the  former  central 
department.  The  other  half  became  part  of  the  eastern  department.  The  west¬ 
ern  department  still  retained  the  capital  pf  the  island,  but  the  eastern  department 
had  a  subordinate  capital  at  Santiago  de  Cuba.  The  western  department  or  prov¬ 
ince  of  Habana  is  composed  of  21  jurisdictions  or  seats  of  political  and  military 
government.  Beginning  with  the  Cape  of  San  Antonio,  New  Filipina,  or  Pinar 
del  Rio,  going  southward  to  the  Cape  of  San  Diego  and  following  the  north  coast, 


734 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


are  Bahia-Honda.  Mariel,  Santiago,  Habana.  Guanabacoa,  Jaruco,  Matanzas, 
Cardenas,  Colon.  Sagua  la  Grande.  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios,  andSancti  Spiritus. 
Following  the  south  coast  in  the  same  direction  are  San  Cristobal,  San  Antonio, 
Bejucal,  Guines,  Fernandina  de  Jagua  or  Cienfuegos,  Trinidad,  and  the  above- 
mentioned  Sancti  Spiritus  which  extends  from  one  sea  to  the  other.  In  the  center 
are  Santa  Maria  del  Rosario,  between  Guanabacoa  lying  to  the  north,  Jaruco  to 
the  east,  Bejucal  to  the  south,  and  Santiago  to  the  west,  and  also  Villa  Clara, 
which  lies  between  Cienfuegos,  Trinidad.  Sagua  la  Grande,  and  Sancti  Spiritus. 
The  Isle  of  Pines  comprises  by  itself  the  colony  of  Reina  Amalia,  under  the  juris¬ 
diction  of  Habana. 

The  province  of  Cuba,  which  now  extends  to  the  eastern  department,  is  divided 
into  10  jurisdictions  or  seats  of  government,  to  wit:  That  of  Baracoa,  which  touches 
the  eastern  limit  of  the  island  at  Cape  Maisi.  extending  along  both  coasts;  that  of 
Guantanamo,  bounding  it  on  the  south:  that  of  Santiago;  of  Manzanillo;  Bayamo; 
Puerto  Principe;  Holguin;  Las  Tunas;  Nuevitas;  and.  finally.  Jiguany,  which  lies 
between  both  oceans. 

Of  all  these  jurisdictions,  wThich  are  called  government  seats  ( tenencias  de  go- 
bierno ),  only  those  of  Habana,  Santiago  de  Cuba,  and  Matanzas  bear  the  name 
of  governments. 

Each  one  of  these  jurisdictions  is  divided  into  districts  ( distritos )  and  wards 
( barrios )  in  the  cities  and  towns  and  into  divisions  ( partidos )  in  the  villages, 
hamlets,  and  in  the  country. 

From  the  registry  rolls  ( empadronamientos )  and  other  data  found  in  the  office 
of  statistics  at  the  close  of  1885,  Arboleya  made  in  his  last  manual  of  the  island 
of  Cuba  an  estimate  of  the  population  of  the  thirty  jurisdictions  which  then 
existed.  He  included  in  the  white  class  the  Chinamen  and  the  Yucatan  Indians. 
We  can  put  faith  in  his  calculations  on  this  interesting  point  since  we  have  found 
him  so  accurate  in  matters  of  less  importance. 

Arboleya’s  figures  agree  with  other  trustworthy  data  that  we  have  on  hand, 
which  show  that  the  population  in  1855  did  not  exceed  1,044,185  inhabitants, 
including  all  classes  and  conditions  and  both  sexes.  A  comparison  of  this  num¬ 
ber  with  the  total  of  the  census  of  1841,  which  went  as  high  as  1,007,624  inhabitants, 
shows  an  increase  of  only  36,561  people.  That  increase  certainly  does  not  corre¬ 
spond  to  the  progress  in  the  development  of  agriculture  in  the  fourteen  years  that 
elapsed  between  the  two  counts.  Neither  does  it  correspond  to  the  growth  in 
public  wealth  and  in  treasury  receipts  during  a  period  when  some  new  towns  had 
been  founded  and  old  ones  like  Cardenas,  Cienfuegos,  Sagua  la  Grande,  and  others 
had  manifestly  prospered. 

The  official  reports  of  1859  were  conscientiously  collected  by  the  Cuban  office  of 
statistics  under  a  much  better  system  than  had  ever  before  prevailed,  and  give  us 
a  much  more  exact  idea  of  the  general  population  of  the  island  at  the  close  of  that 
year  than  do  any  other  reports.  They  are  exact  copies  of  those  sent  the  ministry 
for  the  colonies  by  the  Captain-General,  Don  Francisco  Serrano,  Count  of  San 
Antonio. 

These  official  documents,  which  estimate  the  general  population  at  the  end  of 
1859  at  1,180,013  inhabitants,  show  an  increase  of  135,828  over  the  population  of 
1855  which  did  not  exceed  1,044,185. 

It  appears  that  at  the  end  of  1859  there  were  on  the  island  622,797  whites,  189,848 
free  colored  people,  and  367,368  slaves.  Compared  with  the  498,752  whites,  the 
179,012  free  colored  people,  and  the  366,421  slaves  enumerated  in  1855,  an  increase 
of  124,045  in  the  first  class  is  shown,  of  10,836  in  the  second,  and  only  947  in  the 
third  class. 

The  satisfactory  and  definite  progress  observed  in  the  first  class  was  obviously 
the  result  of  several  conditions.  First,  the  permission  given  December  23,  1853, 


APPENDIX  XIV. 


735 


by  his  excellency  the  Captain-General,  Marquis  de  la  Pezuela,  for  the  importation 
of  Spanish  colonists  and  day  laborers  and  also  Asiatics  and  Indians  from  the 
American  continent ;  second,  the  steady  growth  of  interest  in  the  cultivation  of 
tobacco  and  other  agricultural  products  which  call  for  the  faithful  attention  of  a 
free  workman  rather  than  the  strength  of  a  slave’s  arm  ;  and,  finally,  the  rise  of 
new  interests  such  as  numerous  railway  lines  and  other  enterprises  of  public 
utility. 

The  increase  of  10,836  people  in  the  second  class  corresponds  to  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  free  colored  people  during  the  years  between  the  two  censuses. 
Opportunities  for  obtaining  their  freedom  that  were  afforded  the  colored  people 
by  our  provincial  legislature,  their  luck  in  the  lottery  games,  and  the  generosity 
of  a  large  number  of  Cuban  proprietors,  were  sufficient  reasons  for  that  increase. 
To  these  ordinary  reasons  for  improvement  in  their  conditions  and  the  number  of 
free  colored  people  must  be  added  the  fact  that  the  Government  emancipated 
3,000  Africans  in  1854. 

With  respect  to  the  third  class,  that  of  the  slaves,  the  significant  increase  of  94? 
people  which  the  census  of  1860  shows  over  that  of  1855  is  evident  proof,  notwith¬ 
standing  its  smallness,  of  the  great  number  of  Africans  that  must  have  been 
Imported  during  the  larger  part  of  that  five-year  period.  Unquestionably  the 
birth  rate  in  slavery  does  not  keep  pace  with  the  death  rate.  The  increased  culti¬ 
vation  of  the  sugar  cane  during  those  five  years  and  the  growth  of  the  sugar 
industry,  which  are  the  occupations  that  kill  off  the  greatest  number  of  slaves, 
must  also  be  remembered.  If  we  suppose,  with  Baron  Humboldt  and  a  great  num¬ 
ber  of  other  writers,  that  there  is  an  annual  death  rate  of  10  per  cent  of  the  num¬ 
ber  of  slaves  and  an  annual  birth  rate  of  5  per  cent,  we  can  calculate  that  from 
1855  to  1859  a  fourth  part  of  the  130,000  negroes  must  have  perished  and  that  there 
were  about  32,000  that  year  in  the  sugar  mills.  Granting  this,  we  see,  without 
taking  into  consideration  those  employed  in  other  industries,  that  in  order  to  have 
947  more  slaves  on  the  island  in  1868  than  there  were  in  1855,  the  number  of  deaths 
having  been  greater  in  that  period  than  the  number  of  births,  they  must  neces¬ 
sarily  have  been  imported  in  very  large  numbers. 

With  the  whites  are  included  two  classes  of  population  that  did  not  appear  in 
any  of  the  censuses  published  up  to  1846.  They  had  been  imported  into  the  country 
just  too  late  for  enumeration.  Those  are  the  Yucatan  Indians  and  the  Chinese 
and  other  Asiatics. 

The  greater  part  of  the  first  class  reside  in  the  immediate  jurisdiction  of  Habana 
and  numbered  at  the  end  of  1859  only  576  males  and  192  females.  The  majority 
of  the  second  class  are  settled  in  the  recently  created  jurisdiction  of  Colon,  in 
Cardenas,  Matanzas,  and  Habana,  and  numbered  at  that  date  16,373  males,  with 
only  13  females.  We  presume  that  the  permits  issued  since  the  first  of  1861  have 
facilitated  the  introduction  of  this  class  of  colonists  and  that  their  real  number 
is  greater  than  appears  in  the  report  to  which  we  refer. 

Many  wild  schemes  for  fostering  the  white  population  of  the  island  have  been 
proposed  and  much  has  been  written  on  the  subject  by  publicists,  too,  of  good 
repute.  Means  of  encouraging  the  white  population  are  as  well  known  as  the 
obstacles  which  prevent  the  sudden  adoption  of  those  measures,  since  violent  and 
precipitate  reforms  are  not  wise  in  such  a  delicate  matter.  Time  alone,  together 
with  the  prudence  of  Cuban  proprietors  and  the  wisdom  of  the  Government,  can 
accomplish  that. 

The  white  population  will  never  be  greatly  increased  until  there  is  some  division 
of  property  and  labor,  so  that  some  can  devote  themselves  exclusively  to  culti¬ 
vating  the  sugar  cane  and  others  to  manufacturing  the  sugar.  Cotton,  indigo, 
cacao,  and  other  products  adapted  to  the  soil  of  the  great  Antilles  must  be  culti¬ 
vated  as  well  as  those  which  are  the  present  sources  of  its  wealth.  The  manu- 


736 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


facture  of  textile  fabrics  must  be  stimulated  by  the  imposition  of  taxes  on  all 
foreign  and  Spanish  fabrics  that  might  be  made  by  provincial  industry.  Finally, 
without  suggesting  other  means  than  those  warranted  by  the  economic  science  of 
all  nations,  we  might  say  that  the  people  of  the  Peninsula  ought  to  stop  the  use 
of  all  tobacco  not  produced  in  their  provinces  across  the  sea. 

With  the  disappearance  of  the  foreign  tobacco  that  1G, 000,000  of  the  people  con¬ 
sume,  the  contraband  trade  would  also  disappear,  and  the  Government  would  be 
saved  the  expense  of  preventing  it.  Many  colonists  in  Cuba  who  are  worthy  and 
substantial  people  would  then  be  willing  to  cultivate  a  tobacco  that  would  be 
within  reach  of  every  purse.  The  population  of  Cuba  would  then  show  an  increase 
as  striking  as  that  shown  by  the  receipts  of  the  State,  when  in  place  of  asking  18 
reals  duty  on  each  pound  imported  they  reduced  the  tax  to  4  reals.  Before 
closing  this  article  it  seems  fitting  to  quote  in  his  own  words  some  reflections  on 
the  white  population  of  Cuba  expressed  by  His  Excellency  Don  Vicente  Vazquez 
Queipo  in  his  work  entitled  “A  fiscal  report  on  the  white  population  of  Cuba,” 
which  was  published  in  Madrid  in  1845. 

“For  the  prosperity  of  the  rural  white  population  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that 
some  change  be  made  in  the  way  the  island  is  cultivated.  It  may  be  by  promot¬ 
ing  valuable  products  sure  of  a  ready  market  abroad,  such  as  cotton,  indigo,  silk, 
cochineal,  and  especially  tobacco,  all  of  which  are  fitted  for  cultivation  on  a  small 
scale.  It  may  be  by  modifying  the  system  actually  in  vogue  in  the  cultivation  of 
the  sugar  cane  and  the  refining  of  sugar,  or  it  may  be  by  doing  both,  which 
would  be  perhaps  the  most  advisable.  All  the  products  of  the  country  if  care¬ 
fully  fostered  and  developed  under  the  supervision  of  the  authorities  may  be  use¬ 
ful  and  beneficial  to  the  colonists,  especially  if  the  latter  could  be  fittingly 
instructed  by  means  of  agricultural  manuals  on  the  subject  of  their  cultivation. 
One  of  them  certainly  deserves  particular  attention  from  the  Government;  that 
is,  tobacco. 

“The  superior  and  almost  unrivaled  quality  of  tobacco  produced  on  the  island, 
the  daily  increase  in  its  consumption  by  European  nations,  the  ease  with  which 
it  is  cultivated  on  a  small  scale — and,  in  fact,  the  necessity  of  so  cultivating  it  on 
account  of  the  close  and  assiduous  care  it  requires — the  increasing  number  of 
operatives  employed  in  its  preparation  and  manufacture,  and,  finally,  the  bounti¬ 
ful  returns  it  makes  to  cultivators  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  the  land  and  the 
capital  employed,  all  make  tobacco  a  precious  plant  in  the  island  of  Cuba.  An 
intelligent  and  conscientious  white  man  is  much  more  likely  than  a  strong  but 
clumsy  African  to  give  the  tobacco  plant  proper  care.  That  consists  for  the  most 
part  of  driving  away  in  the  cooler  hours  the  insects  that  attack  the  young  plants. 
If  protected  by  the  supreme  government  with  absolute  freedom  from  duties,  tobacco 
may  to  some  degree  supply  the  deficit  sure  to  occur  soon,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
the  cultivation  of  coffee  is  on  the  wane  and,  indeed,  almost  abandoned.” 


APPENDIX  XX 


737 


APPENDIX  XX. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  books  found  of  especial  value  in  the  preparation  of 
the  report  on  the  census  of  the  island  of  Cuba: 


Author. 


Abad,  L.  Y.  de . 

A.  G.  O . . . . 

Aguilera,  F.  V.,  and  Cespedes,  R 
Alderna  and  Eschererria . 

Arrate,  Jose  . . . . 

Behm  and  Wagner.. . 


Blackman 


Brooke,  Maj.  Gen.  John  R 

Cabrera . 

Callahan,  J.  M . 


Clark . 

Columbus,  Christopher 


Davey . 

Davis . . 

Delitsch,  Otto 


D’Hespel  D’Harponville,  Gustave 

Domiguez . 

Edwards . 


Fiske,  A.  K 
Fiske,  John 

Froude . 

Froude _ „ 


Irving . . 

Irving . . . 

Kidd,  Benjamin . . . . 

Kimball.  R.M . . . . . . . 

Lee,  Maj.  Gen.  Fitzhugli . 

Lodge,  Henry  Cabot . . . 

Ludlow,  Maj.  Gen.  Wm . . . 

Macdonald .  . . 

Mackellar,  chief  engineer  of  the  British  army... 

Merivale . 

Pascual,  Augustin . 


Pepper . 

Pezuela,  Don  Jacobo  de  la 
Pezuela,  Don  Jacobo  de  la 


Porter,  Robert  P... . 

Rea . 

IT 


Title. 


New  Constitution  Establishing  Self-Govern¬ 
ment  in  the  Islands  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 

Military  Notes  on  Cuba. 

Notes  About  Cuba.  * 

Facts  About  Cuba. 

American  State  Papers. 

Constitution  and  Government  of  Cuba. 

Die  Bevolkerung  der  Erde,  Nos.  1.2,6, 7,8.  (In 
Petermann’s  Geographische  Mittheilungen 
Erganzungshefte  33  [1873],  35  [1874],  63  [1880], 
(59  [1883],  101  [1893].) 

Spanish  Institutions  in  the  Southwest. 

British  Colonial  Office  List,  1898. 

British  State  Papers. 

Reports  on  Affairs  of  Cuba,  1898. 

Cuba  and  the  Cubans. 

Cuba  and  International  Relations. 

Censo  de  la  Poblacion  de  Espana  segun  el  Recu- 
ento  veriflcado  en  35  de  Diciembre  de  1860, 
porLa  Junta  General  de  Estadistica. 

Censo  de  la  Poblacion  de  Espana  segun  elempa- 
dronamiento  hecho en 31  de  Diciembre  de  1887 
por  la  Direccion  General  del  Instituto  Geo- 
grafico  y  Estadistico. 

Commercial  Cuba. 

Journal  of  Voyages. 

Cuadro  estadistico  de  la  siempre  fiel  isla  de 
Cuba. 

Cuba,  Past  and  Present. 

Cuba  in  War  Times. 

Cuba  (in  Stein  and  Horschelmann  Handbuch 
der  Geograpliie  und  Statistik.  7th  ed.,  Vol. 
I,  pt.  4,  pp.  1870-1917). 

La  Reine  des  Antilles. 

Los  Antiguos  Diputados  de  Cuba. 

History  of  the  West  Indies. 

Encyclopaedia  Americana. 

Encyclopaedia  Britannica. 

The  West  Indies. 

Discovery  of  America. 

Oceana. 

The  English  in  the  West  Indies. 

Story  of  Cuba. 

Cuba  with  Pen  and  Pencil. 

Spanish  Colonization  in  America. 

Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 

Apergu  statistique  de  Tisha  de  Cuba. 

Island  of  Cuba. 

History  of  Spain. 

The  Companions  of  Columbus. 

The  Life  and  Voyages  of  Columbus. 

Control  of  the  Tropics. 

Cuba  and  the  Cubans. 

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs.  1898. 

The  Spanish- American  War. 

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs,  1898-99. 

Select  Documents  of  United  States  History. 

Journal  of  the  Siege  of  Havana,  1763. 

Colonization  and  Colonies. 

Rapport  sur  L'Etat,  L'Organisation  et  le  Pro- 
gres  de  la  Statistique  en  Espagne,  presente  a 
la  huitiemo  session  du  Congres  International 
de  Statistique. 

To-morrow  in  Cuba. 

Historia  de  la  isla  de  Cuba. 

Diccionario  de  Cuba. 

Poblacion  de  las  Islas  de  Cuba  y  Puerto  Rico. 
( Manuscript  copy  of  tables  in  tho  S  panish  cen¬ 
sus  of  1877,  contained  in  the  library  of  the 
Royal  Statistical  Society  of  London.) 

Industrial  Cuba. 

Facts  and  Fakes  About  Cuba. 


Halstead . 

Hazard,  Samuel 

Helps . 

Hill,  R.  T . 

Huber,  B._ . 

Humboldt . 

Hume . 


24602 


738 


REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  CUBA,  1899. 


Author. 

Title. 

Reclus,  Elisee . . 

Universal  Geography. 

Resumen  del  Censo  de  Poblacion  de  la  Isla  de 
Cuba  a  fin  del  Ano  de  1841. 

Rowan  and  Ramsay . . . 

Sagra,  D.  Ramon  de  la . . . . 

Resena  geografica  y  estadistica  de  Espana. 
Island  ot'  Cuba. 

Historia  economica  politica  y  estadistica  de  la 
isla  de  Cuba. 

Shaw,  Albert . 

Municipal  Government  in  Great  Britain  and 
Europe. 

Turnbull . -  - . 

Wilson,  Maj.  Gen.  J.H . . . . 

Wood,  Maj.  Gen.  Leonard. . . . . . 

Zamora  . . . . 

Zaragosa . - . 

Cuba. 

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs,  1898. 

Report  on  Cuban  Affairs,  1899. 

Legislacion  Ultra-marina. 

Cuban  Insurrections. 

APPENDIX  XXI 


739 


APPENDIX  XXI. 


The  United  States  (Census  of  Cuba )  in  account  with  the  insular  Treasury  of  Cuba. 


Dr. 

Aug.  1,  1899,  original  estimate  and 
allotment . 


$408, 820. 00 


Cr. 

Expenditures  as  follows: 

Director — 

Stationery  and  other 

office  supplies .  $319.  77 

Salaries  of  clerk  and 

messenger .  1,859.33 

Traveling  expenses 
to  and  through 
Cuba.  Nov.  13  to 
Dec.  16,  1899 .  198. 52 


Assistant  director,  salary . 

6  supervisors,  salaries . . 

1,621  enumerators,  salaries . 

Clerks  and  messengers  of  assist¬ 
ant  director  and  supervisors... 

Special  agents . . 

Transportation  of  stores  and  per¬ 
sons  . . 

Rent  and  incidental  expenses  of 

offices  in  Cuba . . . 

Subsistence  of  census  employees. 

Census  property  1 . . 

Census  stationery  and  advertis¬ 
ing . 

Tabulating . 

Printing  bulletins . . . 

Printing  English  edition  of  re¬ 
port,  12,000  copies. . . . 

Printing  Spanish  edition  of  re¬ 
port,  13,000  copies . . 

Translating  report  and  bulletins 

into  Spanish . . 

Indexing  report . . 

Foreign  postage  Census  reports. 


$2, 359. 62 
3,420.00 
14, 790. 00 
220,493.03 

19,254.57 

1,414.00 

6, 462. 38 

3,682.55 

2,532.00 

2,512.36 

2, 156.82 
64,163.24 
837.97 

13,811.20 

16, 441. 70 

1,203.08 
110.00 
60. 00 


Total  expenditures .  375,742.51 

Balance  unexpended .  33, 077. 49 


Total 


408,820.00 


Total 


408,820.00 


1  All  census  property  in  Cuba  was  purchased  through  the  Supply  Division  of  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment.  The  census  property  in  Cuba  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  work,  and  valued  at  $3,528.12,  was 
transferred  to  the  insular  authorities. 


IIDEX. 


A. 

Page. 

Abad,  L.  V.  de . . .  737 

Aborigines . . 727 

character  . . 65 

number . . 65 

Abreus  city . . . . . .  ., _ _ _ ..  ...  ...  175,190 

district .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201,  204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510,  513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686,  699, 721, 723, 725 

Academia  Junco . . . . . .  580 

Adams,  John  Quincy . . . .  38 

Aday,  Agueda  Valdes . . . 650 

Administration ,  council  of . . . . . . . .  53 

Adrian  VI,  Pope,  bull  issued  by . . .  566 

Adults,  by  age  periods . . . . . . 86, 87 

ratio  of  married . . . . .  ..  .  122 

Africa,  natives  of  . . . . . . .  98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

Age  and  citizenship  . . . .  251-298 

education  . . 400-403 

nativity. .  131,  206-217, 251-298, 306-353, 361-384, 400-403 

literacy . . 152-154,361-384 

occupations  . . . .  160-162, 438-465, 480-484 

race . . .  126, 206-217, 251-298,  306-353,  361-403, 438-461 

school  attendance . . . . .  152, 385-400 

sex _  135, 206-217, 251-298, 306-353, 361-403, 438-461, 463-465, 480-484 

Age  and  sex,  discussion  of  statistics  regarding . .  92 

in  relation  to  longevity  . . . . . . 93-96 

Age,  by  5-year  periods . . . .  . .  90 

comparative  tables . . 85 

comparison  with  other  countries .  86 

discussion  of  statistics  . . .  . . .  84-96 

in  relation  to  conjugal  condition . . . .  .  120-147,306-363 

in  relation  to  marriage  ratios . .  128, 134 

males  over  21  years.. . . . . .  Ill 

median  by  provinces .  90 

definition  of  term. . 84 

periods  and  nativity,  in  consensual  marriage . .  142 

by  percentages  of  population . . . .  94 

by  sex.. . .  . . . . .  93 

and  nativity  of  married .  131,135 

and  race  of  married . . . . . . .  129 

in  relation  to  marriage. . . . 120-124 

occupations .  160, 162 

of  breadwinners  . . . .  160-162, 165 

741 


742 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Age,  periods  of  husbands,  wives,  and  widowed .  145 

unmarried . 146 

ratio  of  adults  married . . .  132 

ratios  of  unmarried . . 147 

ratios  of  widowed  . . . .  145 

Agramonte,  Sixto  . .  633, 638, 665 

Agreement  reciprocal  commercial  with  Spain . . .  29 

Agricultural  implements,  early  tariffs  on... . . . . . .  28 

inferior  quality  of.. . 539 

Agriculture,  aboriginal . 65 

areas  cultivated  in  principal  crops . .  558,559 

colored  labor  preferred  in .  69 

importation  of  machinery . 539 

schedules  used  in  census. . . . . . .  523 

tables  covering.  {See  Occupations. ) 

taxation  of . 523 

Aguacate  city . 190 

Aguacate  district . . . . .  179, 181 , 191 , 194, 200, 202, 

218,  225,  232-235.  299,  358,  406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  671,  698 

Aguero,  Augustin  H. ,  supervisor . . . . . .  621 

report  as  supervisor  Puerto  Principe  province. . .  .  640-646 

Aguero,  Francisco  ..  . . . . . .  35 

Aguero,  J uaquin . . . . . . . .  36 

Aguilera,  F.  V.  and  Cespedes  R . . . .  737 

Alacranes  district . . . . . . .  180, 191 , 196, 203, 218, 226, 

236-239, 300,  359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518,  520, 553, 677, 699,720,722, 724 

Albuquerque  . . . . . . . * .  66 

Albuquerque,  Rorigo  . . . .  .  66 

Aldema  and  Eschererria . . .  737 

Alexander  VI,  Pope  . . . . . . . .  24 

Alfonso  XII  district.  {See  Alacranes  district.) 

Alquizaz,  Sancho  de  (Governor) . . .  697 

Alger,  Russell  A.  (Secretary  of  War),  instructions  of .  . .  9 

Almendares  River . . . . . . .  173 

Alonso,  Pedro  (Governor) . 697 

Alonso  Rojas  district.  {See  Consolacion  del  Sur  district.) 

Altimarano,  Bishop  Juan  de  las  Cabezas . . . . .  566 

Altimarano,  Juan  de  (Governor) .  696 

Altitude  in  relation  to  distribution  of  population . .  80 

Alto  Songo  city . 190 

Alquizar  city . 190 

Alquizar  district . . . .  179, 181, 191, 194, 200, 202, 

218,  225,  232-235,  299,  358,406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  672,  698 

Alvara,  Juan  Gonzalez . 36 

Alvarez,  Gomez  de  (Governor) .  697 

Amaro  district.  {See  Cifuentes  district.) 

Amnesty  to  insurgents .  37 

Anderson,  Richard .  34 

Andreu,  Aurelio .  637 

Angel,  Don  Gregorio  Diaz . 566 

Angulo,  Gonzalo  Perez  de  (Governor) .  696 

Animals  adapted  to  cane  culture . .  530 

by  kinds .  540, 561 

and  by  race  of  farm  occupants .  562-564 


INDEX, 


743 


Animals,  domesticated,  introduced _ 

native _ _ _ _ .  _ 

Annexation,  proposed,  to  United  States 

Apodaca,  Juan  Ruiz  de  (Governor) _ 

Aranda,  Cristobal  de  (Governor)  _ . 

Arango,  Francisco  de _ _ _ 

Arango  y  Parrenca,  Don  Francisco _ 

Areas  college. . . . . 

Areas  de  Canasi . 

Arderius  y  Garcia,  Jose  (Governor)  ... 

Area  by  density  of  population . 

cultivated .  . .  _ . 

in  principal  crops _ 


Page. 

65 

23 

.  35,38 
.  697 

.  697 

568, 569 
.  730 

.  580 

19 

.  698 

75 

553-555 

558-559 


of  Cuba . . .  18,73,74 

districts . . 191-193 

farms. . . . . . . . . .  543 

by  tenure  and  race  of  occupants .  546 

forests  . . . 553-555 

provinces . 74 

sugar  plantations . .  .  560 

tobacco  plantations . . 560 

percentages  in  farms  and  cultivated . . . .  543 

relation  to  center  of  population . . . . . . . .  77-80 

Argentina,  percentage  of  unmarried . . . .  146 

widowed.... . 143 

Arias,  Alejandro  Rodriguez  (Governor) .  698 

Army,  insurgent . 37 

support  of  Spanish- Cuban . . . . .  38 

Arrate,  Jose. . 737 

Artemisa  district . .  180, 184, 192, 196,  201, 

219,226,239-241,300,359,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 

Asia,  natives  of,  residing  in  Cuba _ _ _  472-475,499-506 

Asphaltum  deposits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  21 

Atares  castle .  36 

Atkins,  E.F . 526 

Attorneys,  examination  requisite . . . . .  59 

Audiencias  . . . . ...  . . . . .  56, 57, 59 

Audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo,  auditing  system  . . . .  30 

Augustine,  order  _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _  569 

Australia,  natives  residing  in  Cuba . .  220-225,  472-475, 499-506 

Austria,  percentage  of  unmarried. . . .  146 

Authors  cited  or  mentioned,  list  of. . . .  737-738 

Authorities,  council  of . .  . .  53 

Autonomy,  not  independence,  desired  by  industrial  classes  . .  32 

Avila,  Juan  de  (Governor).. . . . .  . . . .  696 

Avilis,  Pedro  Menendez  de  (Governor). . . .  697 


B. 

Bahia  Honda  district . . . . . .  180, 184, 192, 196,  201 , 

219,226,239-241,  300,  359,  419-423,509,513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,699 

Bainoa  district . ' . . . . .  179, 181 ,191,194,  200,  202, 

218,225,232-235,299.358,406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  672,  698 
Baia  district.  (See  Mantua  district.) 


744 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Balnueva,  Pedro  Valdes  (Governor) . . . . .  697 

Balnuevo,  Juan  Maldonado  (Governor) . . .  697 

Banking  facilities,  lack  of . . . . .  31 

Baracoa . . . . . .  27,29,175,190 

Baracoa  district . . .  181, 188, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 248-250, 

301.360.433- 437,511,514,517,519,  522,  555,  695,  699,  722,  724,  726 

Barbados,  percentage  of  unmarried .  146 

widowed . 143 

Barnes,  I.  A . . . . .  625 

Barrios  . . .  12, 17, 46 

Bassecourt,  Juan  (Governor) . . .  697 

Bastida,  Don  Pablo  Ruiz  dela . . .  731 

Batabano... . 27,175,190 

Batabano  district . .  179, 181, 191, 194, 200, 202, 

218,  225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  673,  698 

Bauta  district . . . .  179, 181, 191, 194, 200, 202, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358,  406-412,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  670,  698 

Bayamo  city. . 190 

Bayamo  district .  181, 188, 193, 198, 202,  205, 220, 227, 248-250, 

301.360.433- 437,511,514,517,  519,  522,  555,  693,  699,  722,  724,  725 

Beet  sugar,  price  and  effect  on  Cuban  production  of  cane  sugar _ _  525-527 

Belim  and  Wagner . 737 

Bejucal  city . . 190 

Bejucal  district.. . 179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358,  406-412, 507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  673,  698 

Belen,  Jesuit  College  of. . 580 

Belgium,  percentage  of  children . 85 

unmarried . 146 


Belt,  D.  G . 

Benificencia,  school. .  . 

Bermuda,  percentage  of  widowed. ... 

Betancourt,  Gen.  Pedro  E . 

Beth'eliemite  fathers . 

Bibliography. . 

Birds . 

Births.. .  ... 

excess  over  deaths . 

Birthplace  . . . . . 

Black  Eagle,  society  of. . 

Blackman . . . . . 

B  ack  Warrior,  detention  of  steamer  . 
Blanco  y  Erenas,  Ramon  (Governor). 
Blow.Capt.  W.  N.,  disbursing  officer 

Bolivar,  Simon . 

Bolivar,  Soles  de . 

Bolondron . 

Bolondron  district . . . 


.  625 

.  568 

.  143 

.  635 

.  565,574 

.  737,738 

. .  23 

714-716, 720-722 


. 218-225,499-506 

.  35 

. . 737 

. 39 

.  54,698 

.  625 

. .  35 

.  33 

. 175,190 

180, 191, 196, 203, 218, 226, 236- 


239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508,  512, 515, 518,  520,  553, 677 

Bennett,  William . . . 

Breadwinners,  discussion  of  statistics  regarding . 

See  also  References  to  tables  under  “Occupations.” 

Bresa.  de  (Governor) . 

British  occupation  of  Habana  beneficial . 

Brooke,  Maj.  Gen.  John  R.  (Military  Governor)  . . 


, 699, 720, 722, 724 

.  527 

.  154-167 


.  67 

.  43 

54, 57, 59, 584 


INDEX. 


745 


Page. 

Bucarely,  Antonio  M.  (Governor) . __ .  697 

Buccaneering . . . . .  29 

Buena  Esperanza,  Gulf. . . . . .  . . .  18 

Buildings  ( see  Dwellings) . . . . .  167 

Burgos,  laws  of . . .  66 

Bulletins,  publication  of  census. . . .  14 

C. 

Caballero,  Don  Jose  Augustin . . . . . .  567, 568 

Cabanas  district.  .  . . .  180.184,192,196,201, 

219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359,419-423, 509,  513, 1 516, 518, 521 , 554, 681,  699 

Cabrera. - - - - - - - - - 737 

Cabrera,  Lorenzo  de  (Governor) _ _ _ _  697 

Cadenas.  Manuel  P . . . . .  641 

Cadiz,  exclusive  trade  privileges  granted . . . . . . .  27 

Cagigal,  Francisco  (Governor) . . . . . .  697 

Cagigal,  Juan  M.  (Governor) . . . . . .  697 

Caibarien . . . . . . . . . . .  27, 190 

Caibarien  district . . .  180, 186, 192, 198,  201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Calabazar  city . . . . . . . . . .  190 

Calabazar  district _ _ _  180, 186, 192, 198, 201,  204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Callahan,  J.  M . .  . . . . . . . .  737 

Calleja  e  Isasi,  Emilio  (Governor) . . . .  698 

Camajuani  city. .  . . . . . .  190 

Camajuani  district. . . .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247,  301, 

360, 426-432, 510, 513,  516, 519, 521,  554, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725 
Camarones  district.  (See  San  Fernando  district.) 

Campechuela  city . . . . . . .  190 

Campechuela  district. . .  181, 188, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 248-250 

301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 724, 725 

Campos,  Arsenio  Martinez  (Governor)  _ _ _ _ _  698 

Canada,  natives  residing  in  Cuba . .  220, 225, 472-475, 499-506 

Canary  Islanders .  . .  . . . . . . .  530 

Canasi  district. . . .  180, 184, 196, 203, 218, 226, 236-239, 

300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Candelaria  district . . . .  ...  180,184,192,196, 

201,219, 226, 239-241,300, 359,  419-423,  509, 513, 516,  518,  521, 554, 681,699 
Caney.  (See  El  Caney. ) 

Caney  district .  181, 188, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 

247-250, 301, 360,  433-437, 511, 514, 517,  519, 522, 555, 691,699,722,724, 725 

Cano  district . . . . . . .  179,181,191,194,200, 

202, 218, 225,232-235, 299, 358, 406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553,672,698 

Capitulation  of  Zanjon . 37 

Captain-generals  (see  Governors) . 696-698 

Carballo,  Don  Juan  F . . . . .  574 

Carbo,  Buenaventura  (Governor) . . . .' .  698 

Cardenas  city,  report  of  enumeration  . . . . .  666-668 

revolutionary  attack  upon .  35 

Statistics: 

Age  and  sex . . 203 

Birthplace  . . 218 

Breadwinners . .  156, 157 


746 


INDEX. 


Cardenas  city,  statistics — Continued.  Page. 

Citizenship  . . . . . .  226 

literacy  and  education .  236-239 

Con j ugal  condition .  _  _ . 300 

Dwellings  and  families .  512 

water  supply .  172 

Excreta,  method  of  disposition .  177, 520 

Families . ... . .  508 

Garbage  disposal .  175,518 

Literacy . . .  148,149 

Marriage  ratios . .  120, 132, 137, 139 

Nativity .  99 

Occupations . . . .. . .  156,157,413-418 

Population . . 190 

School  attendance . . '  300 

Sex  and  nativity . . .  196, 200 

Sex  and  race . . 196-200 


Water-supply  sources  . .  172, 515 

Cardenas  district . . . . . .  180, 191, 196, 203, 218, 226,  236-239, 

300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 675, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Carlos  Rojas  district . . . .  180,191,196,203,218,226, 

236-239,  359,  413-418,  508,  512,  515,  518, 520,  553, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Carmen,  Ntra.  Sra.  del,  college . . . . . . .  580 

Carreno,  Francisco  (Governor) . . . . . . . .  697 

Cartagena  district . .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301,  360,  426-432,  510,  513,  516,  519,  521, 554,  686,  694,  699, 722, 724, 725 

Cartwright,  Major  Geo.  S . . . . .  634 

Casa  de  Contratacion  . . . . . .  27 

Casas,  Don  Luis  de  las  (Governor) .  . .  568,  697, 729 

Casiguas  district . . .  179, 181, 191, 194, 

200,  202  218,  225,  232-235,  299,  358, 406-413, 507,  515, 520,  553,  672,  698, 

Castellanos,  Adolfos  Jiminez  (Governor) . . . .  32,698 

Castilla,  Don  Juan  Cirillo  de... . .  567 

Castillo,  Ignacio  Maria  del  (Governor) . . . . . .  698 

Catalina  district. . 170,181,191,194.200,202. 

218,  225,  232-235,  299,  358,  406-413,  507,  512,  515,  517, 520, 553, 674,  698 

Cattle . 540,561-564 

Cattle  ranches . . . . . . .  540 

Cauto  Embarcadero . 20 

.valley  of . . . . . .  20 

Cayajabos  district.  ( See  Artemisa  district.) 

Cays,  enumeration  of  population  on . .  665,666 

Ceballos  y  Vargas,  Francisco  (Governor) . . .  698 

Ceiba  del  Agua  district .  179,181,191,194,200,202, 

218,225,232-235,  299,  358,  406-413,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,553,672,698 

Ceja  de  Pablo  district . .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-432, 510,  513, 516, 519,  521, 554, 687,  699, 721, 723,  725 

Ceniti,  Governor  .  . . 35 

Censos,  amount . 41 

Census,  a  step  toward  self-government . . .  9, 10 

date  basis  of  statistics . 72 


cost  of  taking .  10, 739 

field  work .  11 

performed  by  Cubans . 9 

termination  of . . 13 


INDEX. 


747 


Page. 

Census,  headquarters  chosen .  11 

limitations  prescribed .  9 

memorandum  plan . 9 

orders  governing . . - . .  11, 621-625 

officers  appointed . . . . .  621-625 

proclamation  of  the  President . .  .  10 

property,  disposition  of . . . . . . .  739 

schedules . 61 

to  be  complete  and  accurate . . .  10 

Censuses,  analysis  of  previous .  702-726 

of  Cuba... . 72 

Center  of  population . 77-80 

Central  America,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba  . . .  98,220-225,472-475,499-506 

Centro  Gallego  college. . . 580 

Cervantes  college . .  . . . . . . - . .  580 

Cervantes  district.  ( See  Perico  district.) 

Cervera,  Admiral . . . . . .  . . . .  41 

Chacon,  Luis  (Governor) . .  . . . .  697 

Charles  III . 67,567 

Charles  IV . 567 

Charles  V,  licensing  of  slave  trade  .  . . . .  .  67 

“New  laws” . . . . . . - . .  66 

Chavez,  Antonio  (Governor) . .  . . .  696 

Chavez,  Manuela . 650 

Child  labor . 155 

Children,  illegitimate . . — . .  354-357 

percentage  by  age  periods . . 91 

proportion  in  foreign  countries. . 85 

ratios  by  age . .  89 

Chile,  proportion  of  unmarried  . . 146 

widowed . . 143 

China,  immigration  from,  regulated .  70 

treaty  with  Spain . . . . . . . . . .  71 

Chinese  immigration . 69-71,733 

enrollment  of  those  in  Cuba . . . .  71 

number  in  Cuba . . 220-225 

occupations  of . 71 

percentages  of  . . . .  . . . .  96 

Chinchilla  y  Diez  deOnata,  Jose  (Governor) . .  698 

Chirino,  Nicolas  (Governor) . . . . .  .  697 

Church,  effect  on  colonization  . . 44 

efforts  to  prevent  slavery . 66 

maintenance . 38 

property,  value . 44 

Cidra  district.  ( See  Santa  Ana  district. ) 

Ciego  de  Avila  city  . . 190 

Ciego  de  Avila  district .  180, 186, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 

242,  243,  300,  359,  424-426,  510,  513,516,519,521,554,682,720,723,725 

Cienfuegos  city,  revolutionary  demonstration  in. . 35 

statistics: 

Age . 204,213,375,376 

Birthplace. . 219,223 

Citizenship . . . . . .  227, 244-247, 279-282 

Conjugal  condition . 12Q,  132, 137, 139, 301, 304, 334-337 


748  INDEX. 

Cienfuegos  city,  statistics — Continued.  Page. 

Dwellings .  513 

Education  . . 403 

Families. .  510 

Illegitimates . 356 

Literacy . . . 148, 149 

Nativity . 99 

Occupations  . .  156, 157, 426-432, 452, 453 

Population . 190 

Race . . 198 

Sanitation — disposal  of  excreta .  177,  526 

garbage .  175, 519 

School  attendance . . .  150, 360, 394,  395 

Sex... . 198,201 

W  ater  supply . . .  172, 516 

Cienfuegos  district... .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227,244-247, 

301. 360. 426- 432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 685, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Cienfuegos,  Don  Jose  de  (Governor)  . . . . .  697, 730 

Cifuentes  city . 190 

Cifuentes  district . . .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201,  204, 219,227, 244-247, 

301. 360. 426- 432, 510,  513,  516,  519, 521,  554, 687, 699, 721,  723, 725 
Cimarrones  district.  ( See  Carlos  Rojas  district.) 

Cisneros,  Pascual  Jimenez  de  (Governor)  . .  697 

Cities,  comparison  with  previous  statistics .  76 

corporate  limits  of . . 76 

distribution  of . 76 

population  of.. . . . . .  76, 77, 190, 191 

plans . . . 44 

Citizenship,  discussion  of  statistics . 100-112 

statistics: 

In  relation  to  age,  sex.  race,  and  nativity . . .  251-298 

In  relation  to  sex  and  occupation . . .  465-467, 485-489 

In  relation  to  literacy  and  education . 228-250 

Ci^il  Code  promulgated . 37 

Clark . .  737 

Cleveland,  Grover  (President) . 39 

Climate  . . 21 

Coast,  cities  located  upon. . 76 

formation  and  character  of . .. .  18 

sparsely  populated . 75 

Cobre  city . 190 

Cobre  district .  185, 188, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250, 

301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Cobre  range  of  mountains  . . .  -  20 

Cocoa,  production . 539 

Coffee  cultivation . 43,538 

export  duty  established . 27 

exports  by  years .  537 

introduction  of  culture. . 537 

plantations . 540 

Cohabitation  without  marriage .  131 

College,  J esuit,  established .  566 

College  of  lawyers .  58 

Colleges  (see  Schools) .  584 

Collegios  de  Escuelas  Pias .  580 


INDEX. 


749 


Page. 

Columbia,  relation  to  revolutions  . .  35 

Colon  city  . . . . . .  190 

Colon  district . _ .  180, 191, 196, 203, 218, 226, 236-239, 

300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Colonias . . . . - . . .  529-532 

Colonies,  plans  of . . . . . . . - . - . .  44, 45 

Colonization  of  Cuba  ...  . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-44 

plan  followed,  Roman  in  character . . .  44 

Color.  ( See  Race.) 

Color  line . . . . .  69 

Colored,  percentage  of  population . . . . 200-202 

slave  and  free . . . . . . 98, 710, 711 

Columbus,  Christopher . . . . . . . .  24, 737 

Columbus,  Don  Diego  . . . . . . . . . .  25, 66 

Commerce,  colonial,  with  Spain . . . . .  30,31 

taxes  on  enterprise . . . .  30 

Committee,  provincial . . . . . . . .  51 

Concessions,  economic . . . .  31 

trade . . . . . . . . .  37 

Concha,  Jose  Gutierrez  la  (Governor) . . . . . . .  698 

Condition,  conjugal.  {See  Marriage;  also  Conjugal  condition.) 

Conditions,  economic,  prior  to  American  occupation . . .  38 

political  and  economic  inseparable . 32 

sanitary,  of  dwellings . . 167 

social. . . . 69 

unsanitary . 85 

Congedo,  Don  Juan . . . . . . .  565 

Congress  of  American  Republics,  objects . . . . . .  33,34 

relation  of  United  States  to . . 33 

results .  34 

Congress  of  United  States,  action  taken . . .  40,41 

Conjugal  condition  and  age  . . . . . .  122, 123, 306-353 

nativity  . . 299-353 

occupations. . .  469-471, 494-498 

race.. . . . 124,299-353 

sex . . 299-353,469-471,494-498 

common-law  marriage _ 131 

consensual  unions. ..1 . 131 

discussion  of  tables.  . 117-147 

from  earlier  censuses _ 710-717 

ratios  of  increase. . .  127 

married  . . 138,715 

Conover,  A.  E . 625 

Conseijo  Regional . . 51 

Consolacion  del  Norte  district . .  180, 185, 192, 196, 

201,  219,  226,  239-241,  300,  359,  419-423,  509,  516,518,521,554,679,699 

Consolacion  del  Sur  city . . . . . . .  . . ....  190 

Consolacion  del  Sur  district . . . .  180, 185, 192, 196, 201, 

219,  226,  239-241,  300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,518,521,554,679,699 

Constitution  of  1812,  Spanish. . 33 

extended  to  Cuba . . . .  .  37,52 

Conspiracies . 33-39 

Contadores. .  30 

Convents,  classification  of  occupants . 113 


750 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Conyedo . . . .  .  566 

Coolies,  importation  of . .  69 

Copper  deposits . . . . . . .  21 

Corcho,  Fr.  Antonio  Perez  de. . .  566 

Cordillera  de  los  Organos . .  19 

Cordoba,  Diego  de  (Governor). . . .  . .  697 

Cordoba,  Jose  Fernandez  de  (Governor)  . . . .  697 

Cordona,  Tomas . 631 

Cordova,  Francisco  Fernandez  de . . . . .  728 

Corral  F  also  city . 190 

Cortes,  Cuban  representation  in .  35-37, 55 

of  Castile.. . . 43 

Cost  of  census . . .  10, 739 

Costa  Rica,  proportion  of  unmarried . 146 

widowed . 143 

Council,  municipal . 46-47 

of  administration . 53 

authorities . 53 

the  Indies . . . . .  27,43,566 

trade. . . . 27 

Courts,  audiencias . . . . .  56,  57, 59, 60 

character  of  administration . .  59 

municipal . . .  56 

organization  of . .  57 

of  first  instance,  jurisdiction . 57 

police  . . 59-60 

supreme . . 59 

Criminals,  Chinese . 71 

negro. . 69 

Cristobal  Colon  College. . 580 

Cristo  city . . 190 

Cristo  district . . .  181 , 188, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247- 

250,  301,  360,  433-437,  511,  514,  517,  519,  522,555,691,699,722,724,725 

Crittenden ,  Colonel . 36 

Crops,  principal,  area  cultivated .  558,559 

Cruces  city . 190 

Cruces  district . .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244- 

247,  301,  360,  426-432,  510,  513,  516,  519,  521,554,686,699,721,723,725 

Cruz.  Cape  . . 1 _  18 

Cuadrado,  Dr.  Gaston  Alonso . . . 574 

Cuba,  center  of  population . 80 

location  of  island . . 17 

names  given: 

Juana . . . . . 

Fernandina . 

Santiago . 24 

natives  of  island . . .  220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

settlement . . 23 

representation  in  Cortes . 55 

Cuban  debt,  amount . .  38 

deficits  added . . 31 

payment  of  interest  on .  38 

Cuban  Republics .  55 

Cue  vitas  city . .  190 


24 

25 


INDEX. 


751 


Page. 

Cuevitas  district . . . ^ . .  180, 191 , 196, 203, 218, 226, 237- 

239,  300,  359,  413-418,  508,  512,  515,  518,520,553,677,699,720,722,724 


Currency  system  . . . . . . . . .  31 

Curriculum,  University  of  Habana .  570 


D. 


Daiquiri  city . . . - . ..  190 

Dairla,  Francisco  (Governor)  . . . .  697 

Davey _ 737 

Davis . . . . . . . . . .  _ . .  _  737 

Davis,  Maj.  J.  G . . . . . .  724 

Deaths,  by  districts  and  years .... . . . . . .  724 

provinces  and  years _ _ _ _ _  717 

ratios . . 718 

Debt,  Cuban,  cost  of  ten  years’  war  added . . .  37 

(See  also  Cuban  debt.) 

Decrees  . 709 

Insular,  directing  Chinese  to  leave . . . . . .  71 

Royal . . . . .  27, 28, 32, 34, 70, 71, 582, 700 

Delitsch,  Otto . . . . . . . * . . .  737 

Demands  for  reforms . . . . .  37 

Denmark,  proportion  of  unmarried  . . . . . . .  146 

Density  of  population,  discussion  of  tables. . . . . .  73 

ratios . 75 

rural  population . . . . . .  74 

Deputation,  provincial . . . . . . . . . . .  50 

Departments,  secretaries  of .  . . . .  54 

Oriental  and  Occidental . . . .  50 

DeSoto,  Hernandez  (Governor)  . . . . . . .  25,51,698,728 

Development,  reasons  for  slow  economic .  . . . . .  31 

Dewey,  Commodore  George _ _ _ _ _  40 

D'Hespel  D’Harponville,  Gustave. _ _ _ _ _  731,737 

Director  of  the  census . . . . . .  13,15 

letter  of  transmittal _ 9-15 

reports  submitted  by  subordinates . . 625-668 


Discovery  of  Cuba . . . . . . . .  24- 

Districts,  municipal,  authority  of  Military  Governor . .  47 

division  of  territory . . . . .  46 

Divorce . 118 

Dominguez . . . 737 

Dominican  fathers . 566 

friars . 574 

Drake,  Sir  Francis . . . . . . . .  534 

Dudley,  D.E . 173 

Dulce  y  Garay,  Domingo  (Governor) . 698 

Dumas,  Prof.  Claudio  (supervisor) . 621 

report  as  supervisor  of  Matanzas  province _  631-638 

Duties,  customs . . .  28 

Dwellings,  aboriginal .  65 

disposal  of  excreta . . . . .  176-178, 520-522 

garbage . . . .  175, 176, 517-519 

families  occupying. .  169, 512-514 

sanitary  condition . . 167 

water  supply  . .  171, 515-517 


752 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Education*.. .  565-620 

age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity . . .  400-403 

citizenship  and  literacy .  100-112 

cost  . . 584 

degree  shown  by  statistics  . .  147 

funds  available  in  former  times  . .  38 

history  of  Cuban  schools . 565-581 

lack  of  facilities . . . . _ .  42 

literacy  and  school  attendance . . 358-360 

opposed  by  the  church . . . . .  44 

sex  and  literacy,  by  selected  occupations .  467-469, 489-493 


Edwards . . . . . . . 

El  Caney . . . 

Election  of  councilors . . 

Elections,  early  municipal . . 

Electors,  discussion  of  tables . . 

literacy . . 

nativity  . . . 

^qualifications . 

race  _ _ _ _  _ . .  .  . 

Elevation  and  distribution  of  population 

Elizabeth,  Queen . . 

El  Progreso  College  . . . . 

Emancipation  of  slaves  . . . . 

Embargo,  Cuban  ports  placed  under _ 

Emigration,  effect  _  _ . . . . 

Employments.  (See  Occupations.) 

Encomiendas _ _ _ _ 

Encrucijada  city  . . . . . . 

England,  efforts  to  stop  slave  trade . 

natives  residing  in  Cuba _ 

proportion  of  unmarried _ 

English  life  table . 

Enna,  General . 

Enumeration  districts,  boundaries . 

formation . . 

number . 

Enumerators,  appointment . 

instructions . 

list  of  names . . 

Escaleras  de  Jaruco . 

Escuelas  Pias  College.. . . 

Espado,  Bishop  . . 

Espeleta.  Jose  (Governor) . 

Esperanza  city  . 1 . 

Esperanza  district . 


.  737 

41,175 
47 
45 

100-112 

112 

101-112 

45,49 

101-112 

80 

.  534 

.  580 

68 
27 
72 


.  65,66,67,728 

. 190 

. : .  68 

. . 220-225 

. 146 

.  86,89 

. 36 

.  12 

.  11 

.  . . .  12 

.  .  12 

. 12,13 

. 668-695 

. 19 

. 580 

. 569 

.  697 

.  190 

180, 186. 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247, 


301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513,  516, 519, 521, 554, 684, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Esquivil,  Juan  (Governor) . .  697 

Europe,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba . 1 .  220-225 

percentage  of  married . 188 

sugar  production .  525 

Evans,  Major . .  60 

Excreta,  methods  of  disposition . 176,520-522 


INDEX. 


753 


Page. 

Expeditions,  insurrectionary . . . .  35 

Expenditures,  itemized  statement . . . . .  9,739 

Exploration . . . . .  45 

Exports  of  coffee . . . . . . * .  537 

Ezpeleta  y  Enrille,  Joaquin  (Governor) . . . .  697 

F. 


Fajardo  e  Izquierdo,  Ramon  (Governor) .  _ 

Fajardo  Manuel  Breton . . . 

Families .  . . . 

and  dwellings . . 

discussion  of  Statistics . 

size  of . . . . 

Farms,  area . . . . 

and  percentage  of  cultivation . 

number _ _ 

and  area,  showing  tenure  and  race  of  occupants .. 

products _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . . . 

tenure  by  area,  showing  race  of  occupant. . . 

ownership  and  race  of  occupant .  _ . 

Farr’s  English  life  table . . . . . 

Fauna . . . . . .. . . . 

Females,  ratios  and  numbers  of.  {See  Sex.) 

Ferdinand,  King . . . . 

Ferdinand  VII . . . . 

Fernandia,  name  given  Cuba . . 

Fernandez,  Francisco . . . 

Fernandez  y  Caballero  de  Rodas,  Antonio  (Governor) 

Field  work  of  the  census.  {See  Census.) 

Figueroa  y  Garaondo,  Cayetano  (Governor)  ...  . . 

Filibustering. . . . . . . . 

Fiscal . . . . . 

Fisheries,  tables.  {See  Occupations.) 

Fiske,  A.  K . . . . . ’ _ 

Fiske,  Prof.  John . . 

Flora . . . . . . 

Flores,  Rodrigo  de  (Governor).. . . . . . 

Florida,  distance  from  Cuba . 

cession  of . . . . 

Strait  of,  controlled  by  Cuba . . 

Flotas . . . . . . 

Fomento,  Junta  de . . . . . 

Foreign  born.  {See  Nativity.) 

Forest  area . . 

Forests . . . . . . 

France,  natives  of,  resident  in  Cuba _ _* . 

percentage  of  children. . . 

proportion  of  unmarried  . . 

sugar  production . . . . 

Fras,  Francisco  de..  ....  . . . . . 

Freedom,  effect  of  economic  and  political . . 

Froude . . . _ . . 

Fruits . *. . . . . 


. .  696 

.  643 

...  507-511 
169,512-514 
...  112-117 

_  113 

...  553-555 

.  543 

540, 553-555 

_  546 

...  547-552 
...  555-557 

_  544 

_ 86,89 

_  23 


24, 52,  67 
.  33,569 
25 

. .  534 

..  698 

..  698 

..  35-40 
56 

..  737 

_  66,737 
22 

..  697 

17 

43 

17 

..  27-29 
69 


553-555 

22 

220-225 


85 

146 


ozo 

36 

32 


.  737 

524,  539,  550,  551 


24662 - 48 


754 


INDEX. 


G. 

Page. 

Gamboa,  Francisco  Riano  de  (Governor) .  697 

Game . .  . . - .  23 

Gannett,  Prof.  Henry . . . . 13, 14 

Garbage  disposal . .  175, 517-519 

Garcia,  Asuncion . . . . . . .  637 

Gar cini ,  J ose . . . . . .  642 

Gaurabo  River . . - . . .  174 

Geography  of  Cuba. . . 17-20 

Santiago  province . .  . .  652 

Germany,  natives  in  Cuba.. . . .  220-225,472-475,499-506 

proportion  of  unmarried  . . t. . . .  146 

Gibaracity . . . - . . .  190 

Gibara  district . . .  181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227. 

247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 519, 522, 555, 694, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Ginoves  del  Espinar,  Felipe  (Governor) . .  698 

Giron,  buccaneer . . . . - . .  29 

Gironm,  Pedro  Tellez  de  (Governor) . . . . .  697 

Gold  mining . . 21 

Gomez,  Gen.  Jose  Miguel . . . . . . .  650 

Gomez,  Jose  Sanchez  (Governor) .  698 

Gonzaga,  San  Luis  College. . . . . .  580 

Gonzalez,  Buenaventura .  639 

Gonzalez,  Francisca  del  Valle . 650' 

Government . .  .  43-60 ; 


autonomous .  . . 55' 

colonial  theory  of  Spain . . . 26, 32 

effect  on  economic  conditions .  32: 

insular  colonial . 51 

military  ob  j  ects . . . .  55 

municipal .  45-49' 

provincial . 50,51 

Spanish,  an  object  of  suspicion .  31 

theory  of  Spanish  colonial .  44 

Governors,  civil,  of  provinces . . .  51 

Governor-Generals,  list  of . . 696-698 

status  of . 52' 

to  appoint  provincial  officers .  50' 

Governors,  character . .  32 

chronological  list . 696-698: 

regional . . : .  51 

Spanish  appointive  policy. . 32 

Grant,  U.  S.  (President) . . . . .  30 

Great  Britain,  natives  resident  in  Cuba .  472-475, 499-500 

Greene,  Maj.  Gen.  F.  V . . 173 

Grierson,  Capt.  Charles  H.,  disbursing  officer . 625 

Griffin.  A.  P.  C_.  . . 575 

Grijalva,  Juan  de . 728 

Guabairo  colonia .  529-532 

Guamacaro  district . . .  180, 191, 196, 203, 218, 226, 237- 

239,  300,  359,  413-418,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,553,075,699,720,722,724 
Guainutus  district.  {See  Marti  district.) 

Guanabacoa  city,  age . 202 

birthplh.ee .  218 


INDEX. 


755 


Page. 

Guanabacoa  city,  citizenship . . . . .  225, 232-235 

conjugal  condition . .  .  120, 132, 139, 299 

dwellings . 512 

B  families . 507 

literacy . .. . . . .  148,149 

nativity . . .  99,194 

occupations . 156,157,406-413 

population _ _ 190 

race. . . . . .  194 

sanitation— disposition  of  excreta . . . . .  177, 520 

garbage . . .  175,517 

school  attendance . . . . . .  358 

sex  . . . . . . . .  194,200 

water  supply . . .  172, 174, 515 

Guanabacoa  district . . . .  179,182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 

218. 225. 232- 235, 299, 358,406-413,  507,  512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698 

Guanajay  city . 190 

Guanajay  district . . . .  180, 184, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

219. 226. 239- 241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699 

Guane  district . . .  180, 184, 192, 196, 201 , 204, 

219. 226. 239- 241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Guantanamo  city . . . . . . .  . . . .  190 

Guantanamo  district .  181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250, 

301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519,  522, 555,  692,  699, 722, 724, 725 
Guara  district . . . .  179, 182, 191 , 194, 200, 203, 

218. 225. 232- 235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553,  674, 698 

Guatemala,  proportion  of  unmarried .  146 

widowed . 143 

Guayabal  district _ 180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219. 226. 239- 242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509,  513, 516, 518,  521, 554, 681,  699 

Guazo,  Gregorio  (Governor) . . . . . .  697 

Guines . 175,190 

Guines  district . . . . ...  179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 

218. 225. 232- 235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517,  520,  553,  671,  698 

Guemes,  J uan  F.  (Governor) . . . . .  697 

Guira  city . . . . . . .  190 

Guira  de  Melena  district . 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218. 225. 232- 235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 673, 698 

Guiros,  Jose  Sanchez  . . . . . . . .  638 

Guzman,  Gonzalo  de  (Governor) . 696,727 

Habana  city,  burned  by  privateers . . . .  28 

Chinese  immigrants  required  to  enter . .  70 

climate . . . 21 

detention  of  Black  Warrior  in  harbor . . . . . .  39 

•  fortification . .  29 

intendence  of,  created  . . 30 

lottery . . 38 

opened  as  port  of  entry . . . .  27 

by  British  to  free  trade. .  27 

rainfall . 22 

ravaged  by  pirates . .  29 

surrender  to  English  . 42 

tribunal  of  accounts . . . 31 

visit  of  battle  ship  Marne . . . . .  40 


INDEX. 


756 


Habana  city,  statistics:  Page. 

Age. . . .  91, 112, 202, 203, 214, 3 77,  378 

Birth  rate  by  years . 716 

Births  by  years .  . 714,720 

Birthplace . . . . . .  218, 223, 224 

Citizenship . . . . . .  103, 225, 228, 229, 232-235, 283-286 

Conjugal  condition . .  119, 

120, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 132-145, 299, 304, 338-341,  722 

Death  rate  by  years . . .  718, 724 

Deaths,  aggregate . . 717 

Dwellings . . . 167-170,512 

Education . 103,402 

Families . 114-116,170,507,512 

.  Illegitimates . . . .  356 

Literacy . 103,148,149 

Nativity . . . 99,194 

Occupations . . .  155, 157, 159, 403-413, 

454, 455, 476-478, 481, 485, 486, 490, 494, 495, 500, 501 

Population . . . 90,114,190,192 

Race  . . 194 

Sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta .  177,520 

garbage . 175,517 

School  attendance  ... . . . .  150, 358, 395,  396, 570 

Sex . . 82,111,194,200 

.Water  supply .  171,172,174,514,515 

Habana  district. . 179,182,191,194,200,203,218, 

225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 668-670, 698 

Habana  province  created  . 52 

center  of  population . . . .. .  78 

division  into  districts . 17 

report  of  census  supervisor .  627 


statistics.  {See  References  under  provinces.) 


Haiti,  distance  from  Cuba - 

relations  to  Cuba _ 

Halstead.  M . . . 

Harbors,  character . 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  President 

Harvard  College . 

Havabanilla  River . . 

Hazard,  Samuel . 

Health,  effect  of  ignorance  on  . 

Helps,  Sir  Arthur  . . . 

Heredia,  Jose  Maria . . 

Hernandez,  Don  Antonio  Valle 

Herrera,  Maria  Josefa _ ... 

Herrada,  Luisa . . . . 

Hickey,  Col.  J.  B . . 

Hill,  Robert  T. . 

History  . 

of  agriculture . 

of  coffee  production  ... 


17 
34 

.  737 

18 

29 

.  615 

.  173 

.  737 

85 

66. 737 
33 

..  730 

.  638 

.  650 

.  615 

80. 737 
_  24-41 
523-525 
.  537 


of  education 


565-585 


of  sugar  production .  525 

of  tobacco  production .  533 

Holguin  city . 190 


INDEX. 


757 


Page. 


Hollerith,  Herman . . -  63,694 

Home  rule,  effect  of  Spanish  policy-. . . . . .  32 

Honduras,  British,  proportion  of  unmarried  . . . . . .  146 

•  widowed... . . . . . .  143 

Horses  and  mules  ( see  also  Animals) . . . . .  540 

Hotels,  classification  of  occupants . . . . '. -  113 

Howden,  Lord . . . - .  70 

Huber. . 737 

Humanidades  de  Jesus  College . . . . . .  580 

Humboldt,  Baron . . . . . . .  68, 737 

Hume . . . 737 

Humidity,  relative _ 22 

Hungary,  proportion  of  unmarried  . . . . . .  146 

Hunt,  William  C._ . 9,10 

Hurricanes . 22,538 

Husbands,  ratios  to  wives,  widowed,  and  unmarried.  (See  Conjugal  condi¬ 
tion.  ) 

Illegitimates,  children . 354-357 

Illiteracy  of  electors . 102-112 

Illustrations,  selection  of . . 14 

list  of.  (See  Table  of  contents) . 

Immigration . . 729,731 

Chinese . . 69 

effect  of  decrease  . . 72 

effect  on  sex  ratios . . . . . . .  83 

negro . 67 

regulations . 70 

tax  on  entry  of  immigrants  . . . .  30 

Imprisonment  without  trial . . . . . . . *. . . .  59 

Incomunicado  imprisonment . . 59 

Indebtedness,  mortgage,  amount . . . . . . . . .  41 

ratio . 41 

Independence,  conditions  requisite. .  41 

conspiracy  to  secure . . . . . . . .  35 

efforts  of  United  States  to  secure  for  island  . .  39 

political,  not  advocated  at  first . . 32 

Indians... . . . . . . . . ...  66,727 

character  of  aborigines. . 65 

estimated  number . . 65 

enumeration . 634 

Y ucatan ,  imported  into  Cuba . . . . . .  67 

Indies,  law  of  the . . . . . .  44 

Industries,  interests  of  Cuban,  subordinated  by  Spain . .  31 

profits  absorbed  by  Spain  . . 31 

taxes  levied . 30 

(See  Occupations.) 

Innocent  XIII,  Pope. . . * .  566 

Inodoro,  definition  of  term . 177 

Insects . . 24 

Institutes . 579 

(See  Schools;  Colleges.) 


758 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Insurrections . f . . 1 _ 35-40 

Intendence  of  Habana,  creation  of  .. .  30 

Intervention  of  United  States,  authorized . . . .  40 

effect  on  economic  conditions . .  42 

Ireland,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba . . . . .  220-225 

percentage  of  children .  *  85 

proportion  of  married . . . .  118 

unmarried .  . ...  146 

Iron  mines . .  20 

Irving,  W . . . . .  •  737 

Isabella  Queen . 24 

Isabella  II,  Queen . 36 

Isabel  de  Catolica  College . . . . .  580 

Isla  de  Pinos  district, . . .  179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 

218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 674, 698 

Isle  of  Pines,  geography . . . . .  20 

total  population . 72 

Islands,  character  of  adjacent . . . . .  18 

Islets,  enumeration  of  population .  665, 666 

Italy,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba . . .  220-225 

proportion  of  unmarried . 146 

J. 

Jaguey  Grande  district . . . ... .  180, 191,196,203,218, 

237-239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Jamaica . 17,24,67 

proportion  of  widowed  population . 143 

James  I,  King . 534 

Japan,  natives  of,  residing  in  Cuba . 220-225 

J aruco  city . 190 

Jaruco  district . . . 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 2*32-235, 299, 358, 406-413,  507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698 

Jews . 26 

Jibacoa  district.  (See  Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  district.) 

Jicotea  River... . . . 172 

Jiguani  district. . .  181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 

247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Jiminez,  Juan  Bautista,  supervisor . . 621 

report  of . 647-652 

John,  Prince . 24 

Jomarron,  Luis  F .  639 

Jovellanos. . 175,190 

Jovellanos  district . . 180,191,196,203,218,226, 

237-239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Jovellar  y  Solar,  Joaquin  (Governor)  .  698 

Juana,  name  given  Cuba . 24 

Judges,  election .  61 

salaries  of . 56-60 

Judiciary . 55 

independence  of . 59 

Julian  Diaz  district .  180, 185, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

219,  226,  239-242,  300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,516,518,521,554,681,699 

Junta,  Cuban,  in  New  York .  36 

Juragua  Company  . 21 


INDEX.  ‘ 


759 


Page. 

Justice,  former  administration  of . . . . .  59 

Juzado  de  Guardia . . . .  57 


K. 

Key  West,  Fla . .  17 

Kidd,  Benjamin . 737 

Kimball,  R.  M . 737 

Kindelan,  Sebastian  ( Governor) . .  697 


L. 


Labor  on  colonias . . . . 

question,  relation  to  negroes . 

(See  Occupations.) 

Laborers.  (See  Occupations.) 

Lappin,  R.C . . . 

Las  Casas . . . . - . 

Las  Casas  (bishop)  . . . 

Las  Casas,  Luis  de  (Governor) . 

Las  Cincas  Villas . . . 

Lacoste,  Perfecto . . . . . 

La  Gran  Antilla  College . . . 

La  Gran  Piedra . . . . . . 

Lands,  grants  bestowed . 

value . . . 

Lane,  Ralph. . 

Lasagra,  Senor . . . . . 

Las  Lajas  district.  (See  Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas.) 

Las  Pozas,  attack  made  upon . . 

Las  Villas  tobacco. - - - - - 

Law.  (See  also  Government;  Civil  Code.) 

Moret  . . . . . . . . . 

of  Indies . . . 

school . . . 

present  school  . . . . 

Laws  governing  the  census . . . . 

suppressing  slave  trade. . . 

under  military  government . 

obstacles  presented  by.. . 

of  Charles  V . . 

Spain  extended  to  the  island . 

Lawton,  Gen.  Henry  W . . . . . 

'Lawyers,  College  of . . 

examination  of . . . 

Lazaro,  Miguel  de  . . . . 

Ledesma,  Francisco  de  (Governor) . 

Lee,  Maj.  Gen.  Fitz  Hugh . . 

Leeward  Islands,  proportion  of  unmarried . 

widowed . 

Lemus,  Jose  Francisco . 

Lendez,  Lorrenzo . . 

Leon,  Antonia  de . 

Lersundi,  Francisco  (Governor) . . 

Letran,  Convent  of  San  Juan  de.. .  . 


530 

69 


.  625 

65,  66,  567, 569 
.......  66 

.  568,697,729 

. .  17 

.  533 

.  580 

_  18 

. .  65 

.  41 

.  534 

.  575 

. .  36 

. .  536 

. .  68 

. .  44 

. .  577 

.  585-615 

...  11,621-624 

. . 68,69 

. .  56 

. .  61 

. .  66 

. .  46 

. .  41 

. .  58 

. .  58 

. . 639 

. .  697 

. .  737 

. .  146 

. .  143 

. .  83 

. .  574 

.  633 

. .  698 

.  566 


7G0 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Letter  of  transmittal . . . . .  9 

Liberal  Club  of  Habana . . .  35 

Life  table,  Farr’s  English  . . . . . 86, 89 

Limonarcity  . . . . ' .  190 

Literacy . 43,147-154 

and  age . . . .  152,154,361-384 

citizenship . . . . . .  103-112, 228-250 

education .  103-112, 228-250, 358-360, 467-469, 489-493 

nativity . . . . . .  361-384 

occupations . . . . .  467-469, 489-»493 

race.. . 153,361-384 

school  attendance . 358-360 

sex . . 361-384 

discussion  of  tables . . .  147-150, 710-713 

tables  given  in  early  censuses . .  710-713 

tests  adopted  in  Habana  province .  629 

Livestock..  _ .  . . 540,551,552 

by  kinds  of  animals . . .  561 

showing  race  of  farm  occupants .  562-564 

Loaysa,  Garcia  Giron  de  (Governor) . .  .  697 

Lochridge,  Lieut.  P.  D.  (disbursing  officer) .  625 

Lodge,  Senator  H.  C .  737 

Loew,  Oscar .  537 

Longevity.  {See  also  references  to  age.) 

comparative  data . .  85 

relation  of  sex  and  age . . . . .  93-96 

Lopez,  Narciso  . . 35 

Los  Cayos  district . . .  191, 200 

Los  Palacios  district.  {See  Palacios  district.) 

Louisiana  purchase,  beneficial  to  Cuba. . . .  43 

Loyalty  of  Cubans  to  Spain. . .  43 

Ludlow,  Brig.  Gen.  William . 59,60,737 

Lugo,  Pedro  Benites  de  (Governor)  .  697 

Lujan,  Gabriel  de  (Governor) . . . . . . . .  52,697 

Luna.  Alvaro  de  (Governor) . 697 

Luz,  Don  Jose  de  la . * .  569,576 


M. 

Macagua  city .  190 

Macagua  district . . 180,191,196,203,218,226,237 

239,300,359,413-418,508,512,515,  518,  520,  553,  678,  699,  720,  722,  724 

Macao,  port.  Chinese  immigration  restricted  to .  70 

Maceo,  Antonio,  death . 69,92 

Macdon aid  . . 737 

Mackellar . *. . .  737 

Madruga  city . 190 

Madruga  district .  . .  179, 182, 191, 200, 203, 218 

225,  232,233,  235,  299,  358,  406-413,  507,  512,515,517,520,553,674,698 

Maestra  Sierra . .  16, 18, 20, 652 

Mahy,  Nicolas  de  (Governor) . 697 

Maine,  battle  ship,  destruction  of  vessel .  40 

Males: 

excess  in  age .  93 

ratio  and  number . 80-83 


INDEX. 


761 


Males — Continued.  Page. 

of  voting  age  . . . .  Ill 

totals  at  different  periods. . , .  81 

{See  references  to  Sex.) 

Managua  city  .  . 190 

Managua  district . . . . .  179, 182, 191, 194, 200,  203 

218,225,232-233,235,299,358,  406-413,  507,  512,  515,  517,  520,  553,  671,698 
Mangas  district.  {See  Candelaria  district.) 

Manguito  city . . 190 

Manifesto,  Ostend . . . 39 

Manila  bay . 40 

Manraneda,  Severino  de  (Governor)  . . .  . . .  697 

Manrique,  Diego  (Governor) . . 697 

Mantua  district . . . . . .  180, 185, 192, 196, 201 , 204, 

219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Manufactories . . 523 

Manufactures  {see  Occupations) ,  decadence  of  Spanish . .  . .  31 

Manzanillo  district  {see  also  districts  formerly  included,  Campechuela, 

Cristo,  and  Mquero) .  181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227, 

247-250,  301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Manzanillo  city,  port  of  entry . 27 

Statistics: 

age. . . . . . .  205 

birthplace . 220 

citizenship .  . .  227,248-250 

conjugal  condition . . . . .  120, 132, 139, 301 

dwellings . 514 

education . T. . .  248-250 

families . . . 511,514 

literacy  .  148, 149, 248-250 

nativity  . . 99,198 

occupations . .  . . . .  156, 157, 433, 437 

population . . . . .  190 

race . 198 

sanitation— disposition  of  excreta. . . . .  177, 522 

garbage . 175,519 

school  attendance . 360 

sex . 198,202 

water  supply . 172,174,517 

Manzano  y  Manzano,  Joaquin  del  (Governor) . 698 

Maps . . 11,74,700,701 

method  of  preparation  ...... .  75 

Marcuriges  district . . .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 218, 226, 237- 

239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508,  512, 515,  518,  520,  553,  678, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Mari,  Francisco . . . .  638, 660, 665 

Marianao. . 175, 190 

Marianao  district . 179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218, 225, 232, 233, 235, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 517, 520, 553, 670,  698 

Mariel . 175 

Mariel  district . . .  180, 185, 192, 196, 201 , 

204, 219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423 ‘509,  513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 678, 699 

Marin  y  Gonzalez,  Sabas  (Governor) .  698 

Marital  condition.  {See  Conjugal  conditions.) 

discussion  of  statistics  . .  117-147 


762 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Marriage.  (See  also  Conjugal  conditions.) 

discussion  of  existing  conditions .  117-147 

early  . . . . . . 122, 123 

ratios. . 127,715 

Marriages,  by  years  and  by  districts .  717,  722,  724 

Married.  (See  Conjugal  conditions.) 

Marti  district. .  180,  184,  191,  196,  200,  203,  218,  226,  237-239, 

300,  359,  413-418,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  676,  699,  720,  722,  724 

Marti  y  Torrens,  Don  Francisco . . . .  733 

Martial  law,  powers  conferred  on  Governor- General .  52 

royal  decree  authorizing . . 33 

Martin,  Aime . . . 575 

Martin,  Juan  Riva  (Governor) . 697 

Martinez,  Dionisio  (Governor)  . 697 

Martinique,  percentage  of  married  population  . . . . . 118, 121 

proportion  of  unmarried . . . 146 

widowed . 143 

Martyr,  Peter  . . 65 

Masdi val ,  J ose . . . 642 

Matanzas,  attacked  by  pirates  ..  . 29 

early  schools. .  565 

port  of  entry .  27 

Matanzas  city: 

age . .  203,  215,  379-380 

birthplace . . . 218,224 

citizenship .  226,  237,  238,  287-290 

conjugal  conditions .  120, 132, 139, 300, 305, 346-349 

dwellings . 513 

education . : .  237,  238,  402 

families  . .  509, 513 

illegitimates . '. .  357 

literacy . 148,149,237,238 

nativity . 99,196 

occupations . . . . _ . .  156, 157, 413-418, 456, 457 

population  by  wards . . . - .  184 

total . 190 

race  .  196, 215 

sanitation — disposition  of  excreta .  177, 522 

garbage . . . 175, 519 

school  attendance .  150, 359, 396, 397 

sex . . . 1 .  196, 200 

water  supply . . .  172, 173, 515 

Matanzas  district .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 218, 226, 

237-239,  300, 359, 413-418, 509,  513, 515, 520,  553, 675,  699, 720, 722, 724 

Matanzas  province,  center  of  population . 79 

created . 50 

division  into  districts . . .  17 

(See  also  references  under  Provinces.) 

Maura,  Senor .  37 

Maximo  Gomez  city . 190 

Maximo  Gomez  district . .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237-239, 

300, 359, 413-418, 509, 513, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 
Mayari  city . 190 


INDEX. 


763 


Page. 

Mayari  district .  181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 

247-250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555,  691, 699,722,724,725 

May  si,  Cape . . .  18 

May  si,  Point . . . - .  24 

Mazariegos,  Diego  de  (Governor)  . . . .  696 

McKinley,  William  (President) . .. . 11,  627 

Melena  city . . . . .. . . . . .  190 

Melena  del  Sur  district . . . .  179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 

218, 225, 232, 233, 235, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 517, 520, 553, 670,  698 

Mendez  Capote  district. .... _ _  180, 184, 191 , 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237-239, 

300,  359,  413-418,  509,  513,  515,  518,  521,554,676,699,720,722,724 

Meneses,  Sabas,  supervisor  . . . „ .  621 

report  as  supervisor,  Santiago  province . .  652-657 

Merivale . . . . . . . .  737 

Merriam,  Hon.  W.  R.  (Director  United  States  Census) .  9 

Mestre,  Teresa _ _ 650 

Mexico,  Gulf  of,  entrance  controlled  by  Cuba . . . .  18 

Mexico,  natives  resident  in  Cuba . .  98,220-225,472-475,  499-506 

proportion  of  unmarried . 146 

widowed . 143 

Military  government,  changes  made . 54 

Military  Governor, appointive  power. .  . .  49 

appointment  of . 54 

authority  over  municipal  councils . . 49 

granted  new  power  to  municipal  councils .  49 

proclamation . . 54 

promulgates  Cuban  census  orders . 11 

Miller,  Maj.  William  H.  (disbursing  officer)  . . 625 

Mineral  resources . . 20 

Mines . . 20 

9 

Indians  employed .  65 

Mining  statistics.  {See  Occupations. ) 

Mirabel,  Bernacio. . . 650 

Miranda,  J.  Antonio .  642 

Miranda,  Valentine  Canedo  (Governor) . .  698 

Monroe  Doctrine . 34 

Monserrat,  Neustra  Sra.  del  (college) . .  580 

Montoto,  Enrique . . . 639 

Monzon  y  Aguirre,  Juana .  650 

Moors  . . 26 

Morell,  Bisliop . 566 

Moret  law .  68 

Moron  city . . 190 

Moron  district . 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242, 

243,  300,  359,  424-426,  510,  513,  516,  519,521,554,682,699,720,723,725 

Montalvo,  Gabriel  (Governor) . . 697 

Montana,  Juan  (Governor) . 697 

Moya,  Don  Juan  Felix  de . 565 

Munibe,  Andres  (Governor) .  697 

Municipal  courts . . 56 

districts,  number  . . 17 

taxes . 30 

Municipalities,  authority  of  councils . 47 

colonial  form  of  government . . 46 


764 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Municipalities,  new  powers  granted  to . .  49 

population . . 181-190 

Municipality,  definition  given  in  laws . . . .  46 

Murguia,  Manuel  (Governor) . 697 

Muro,  Salvador  de  (Governor) . . .  697 

N. 

Nativity  and  age . . .  205-217, 251-298, 306-353, 361-384, 400-403 

citizenship . . .  100-112, 251-298 

conjugal  condition . . . .  130-141, 144, 302-353 

education . 400-403 

literacy . 361-384 

occupation . .  164, 165, 462, 463, 477-480 

race . 194-199, 

206-217, 302-353, 361-384, 400-403, 406-417, 462, 463, 477-480 

sex. . 194-199, 

206-217, 251-298, 302-353, 361-384, 400-403, 462, 463, 477-480 

widowed . 144 

discussion  of  tables. . 96-100 

percentage  of  foreign  born. .  200-202 

Navarro,  Diego  J.  (Governor) .  697 

Navy,  support  of  Spanish- Cuban  . . . .  38 

Negro  uprisings . 33 

Negroes,  history  of  Cuban . . 67-69 

percentage  of . . 96 

slave  and  free . . 98 

social  condition . 69 

tables  from  early  censuses . 710-713 

total  colored  population  at  different  periods . 97 

Netherlands,  proportion  of  unmarried . . . . .  146 

Neutrality  observed  by  United  States. . 39 

New  Zealand,  proportion  of  unmarried . . . .  146 

Niquerocity . . . . . . . ...  190 

Niquero  district... . 181,189,193,202,205,220,227,247-250, 

301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Northers . . . . i . . . . .  22 

Nunez,  Maria . 636,638 

Nunez,  Pedro . . . . . . . . .  650 

Nueva  Paz  city. . . .  190 

Nueva  Paz  district .  .  179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 

218, 226, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553,  674, 698 

Nuevitas,  port  of  entry . . 27 

city . 190 

district . . . .  180, 186, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 242, 

243, 300, 359, 424-426, 510, 513,  516, 519, 521, 554, 682, 699, 720, 723, 725 

O. 

Ocampo,  Sebastian  . 25 

Occupations  and  age .  159, 438-461, 463-465, 480-484 

birthplace  . . 499-506 

citizenship .  465-467, 485-489 

conjugal  condition. .  469-471, 494-498 

education .  467-469, 489-493 


INDEX. 


765 


Page. 

Occupations  and  literacy .  467-469, 489-493 

nativity . . . .  164, 477-480 

race. . - .  163, 438-463, 477-480 

sex .  157,166,438-471,477-506 

by  provinces  . .  476-477 

by  groups . . . . 163,165 

discussion  of  tables . . . . .  154-167 

of  earlier  censuses . .. .  712 

Olmsted,  Victor  H  . : . * .  10, 13, 14, 628-644, 647 

appointed  assistant  director .  621 

report  as  assistant  director . 625-627 

work  characterized . 11 

Order  appointing  disbursing  officers  of  census. . .  625 

Orders  relating  to  the  census . . . . . .  11 

War  Department,  as  to  census . . .  621-624 

Organ  Mountains . . . — .  19 

Organization  of  Census . . . . 10, 627 

Orography... . . . 19 

of  Santa  Clara  province . . 648 

Santiago  province . .  652 

Osorio,  Francisco  Garcia  (Governor) . 697 

Ostend  Manifesto. .  39 

Ovando,  Governor  of  San  Domingo . . .  67 

Ovando,  Nicolas  de . . . . . 25,67 

Oviedo  . .  534 

P. 


Pacificos . . . . .  .  39 

Packard,  Robert  L . . . . . . .  565 

Palacios,  Bishop  Felix  Jose  de  Treas.  (See  Trespalacios. ) 

Palacios  district . . . . . . . 180, 185, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680,  699 

Palma  Soriano  city . . , . .  190 

Palma  Soriano  district . . . . . .181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 247- 

250,  301, 360, 433-437,  511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 690, 699, 722, 724, 725 

Palmillas  district . . . . .180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237- 

239, 300, 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Palmira  city . 190 

Palmira  district. . 180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244- 

247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521 , 554, 686, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Pan  de  Matanzas . 19 

Paradas,  Francisco . 574 

Parliament,  insular.. . 53 

Pasamonte,  treasurer . . . . . . . . .  66 

Pascual,  Augustin . . . 737 

Paso  Real  de  San  Diego  district.  (See  Julian  Diaz  district.) 

Partido  tobacco . . .  536 

Patriotism  of  Cubans .  10 

Pecheco,  Senor . 70 

Penal  code  promulgated . . 37 

Penalvar  . . 568 

Penalvar,  Fr.  Jose  Maria .  566 

Pendergast  y  Gordon.  Luis  (Governor) . 698 

Pensions,  civil . 59 


766 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Pensions,  teachers’ . . . . .  582-584 

Pepper,  Charles  M . . . . .  737 

Pequeno,  Pedro  N.,  supervisor  of  census,  Pinar  del  Rio  province.  _  621 

report _  639 

Peralta,  Grave  de . . 633 

Pereda,  Gaspar  Ruiz  de  (Governor)  . . . .  697 

Perico  city  . . . . . . . . . . .  190 

Perico  district . .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237-239, 

300, 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515, 518, 521, 554, 676, 699. 720, 722, 724 

Pestilence,  effect  on  population . . .  73 

Pezuela,  Don  Jacob  dela . . . .* . . .  737 

Pezuela,  Juan  de  la  (Governor) . .  698,738 

Philip  II  . . . . . . . . .  534 

Philippine  Islands . . 40 

Pico  Turquino . . . . . . .  20 

Pieltain  y  Jove-Huelgo,  Candido  (governor)  .  698 

Piiialosa,  Diego  (governor) . . . .  697 

Pinar  del  Rio  city,  age  . . . . . . .  204 

birthplace . . •_ . .  219 

citizenship . . . . .  226 

conjugal  condition .  120, 132, 139, 300 

dwellings . 513 

education . 240-242 

families . . 509-513 

literacy . . . . . ------  148, 149, 240-242 

nativity . . * . . .  99, 196, 201 

occupations . . . . .  156, 157, 419-423 

population .  190 

race . 196-201 

sanitation — disposition  of  excreta . . .  177,  521 

garbage . 175,518 

school  attendance  . .  150, 157, 359 

sex . 196,201,204 

water  supply . . . . .  172, 174, 516 

Pinar  del  Rio  district . . . . . . 180, 185, 192, 196, 201,204, 

219,226,240-242,300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 
Pinar  del  Rio  province.  (For  references  to  tables,  see  Provinces.) 

center  of  population . 78 

division  into  districts . . . > .  17 

losses  in  population .  73 

province  created . 50 

Pipian  district . . . . . : _  179,182,191,194,200,203, 


218, 226, 232-235, 299.  358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  674,  698 


Piracy .  29 

Pitcher,  Maj.  W.  L . 60 

Placetas  city . 190 

Placetas  district .  180, 186, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301,  360,  426-432,  510,  513,  516,  519,  521,  554,  688,  699,  721,  723,  725 
Plantations.  (See  Farms.) 

Indians  employed  in  agriculture .  65 

Planters,  number. . .  541 

Platt.  Senator  O.H . 9 

Playitas,  revolutionary  attack  upon .  36 


INDEX. 


767 


.  Page. 

Polaviejay  y  del  Castillo,  Camilo  (Governor) . . . .  698 

Police,  supervisor  of . * . . . - .  60 

system  of  Habana . 59 

Policy,  Spanish  colonial. . 27-32 

Polk,  President . 38 


Population.  (See  also  References  under  Age,  Birthplace,  Citizenship,  Con¬ 
jugal  Condition,  Education,  Families,  Dwellings,  Illegiti¬ 


mates,  Literacy,  Nativity,  Occupations,  Race,  Sanitation, 

Sex,  School  Attendance,  Water  Supply.) 

by  previous  censuses  . . . . . .  702-713 

provinces  and  municipal  districts - -  179-181 

wards  and  cities  . ..- . . . .  181-190 

center  of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77-80 

method  of  computation  . . . . . . .  77 

density  by  districts . . . . .  191-193 

discussion  of  tables . . . . . . . 61-72 

distribution  by  altitude . . . .  80 

effects  of  ten  years’  war . . . .  37 

war _ 42 

historical  resume . . . . . .  727-736 

losses  in  total . . . .  73 

maximum  . . .  . . . . . .  72 

per  square  mile . . . . . . . . .  74 

rural,  by  districts  and  provinces . . . .  191-193 

discussion  of  tables . . . . . . 74-75 

total,  at  different  periods . . . .  179 

of  cities . . . . . .  190 

municipal  districts  . . . 179-181 

provinces . 119 

wards . 181-190 

urban,  discussion  of  tables  _ _ _ 76,  77 

Port  dues . . . . . . . . . .  28 

Porter.  Hon.  R.  P.  (See  also  Bibliography) . . . . .  173,525 

Portocarrero,  Juan  de  Prado  (Governor) . . . . .  .  697 

Porto  Rico,  age  of  breadwinners . . . .  159 

married . 121 

periods . 86 

comparative  age  ratios . 88 

condition  of  education  in  1880 . . . . . .  570 

dwellings  and  families . 170 

families,  number  of  members . . . .  116 

median  age . 84 

by  sex . . 92 

natives,  resident  in  Cuba _ _  98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

occupations  . . 155 

by  race . . 163,164 

percentage  of  children . 134 

married . . 118,131,143 

population  occupied . 157 

unmarried . 146 

widowed . . .  142, 143 

population  of  marriageable  age . . . 134 

ratios  of  children  by  age . . 89 


768 


INDEX. 


•  Page. 

Ports  of  entry,  Habana  . . . .  43 

opening  to  commerce . *. .  27 

Port  Tampa . . . . . .  .  40 

Portugal,  natives,  resident  in  Cuba . . . : .  220-225 

proportion  of  widowed  . .  . .  J .  143 

Potrerillo  .  r . . . . .  19 

Poverty,  effect  on  population . . . . . .  85 

Pozo,  definition  of  term . 177 

Pozos  Dulces,  Count . . . . •. .  36 

# 

Perseverancia  college . -. .  580 

President,  proclamations  issued  by . . „ _ a.  .  10-40 

Prison,  classification  of  occupants  on  schedules . . . .  113 

Proclamation  of  Military  Governor . . . .  54 

President,  calling  for  volunteers  . . . .  41 

Procuradores  syndicos . . . .  _  48 

Products,  chief  agricultural . 523,524 

Professions.  ( See  Occupations.) 

Property,  ratio  of  mortgages  to  value  . .  41 

valuation.. . 41 

Protocol  between  Spain  and  the  United  States . .  41 

Provinces: 

Areas  of . . 74 

Central . 60 

Created . 50 

Early  divisions  of  island . . . 729 

Number  of  districts  constituting .  17 

Occidental . . . • .  50 

Organization . 700-702 

Oriental . . 50 

Statistical  tables — 

*  Age  and  citizenship . . .  . r _  112,255-278 

education . 400-402 

literacy.. . 363-374 

marriage .  122, 124, 127, 310-333 

occupations  . . 480-484 

school  attendance. . 386-393 

sex . . . .  124, 202 

median . 90 

of  population  by  periods . . . 90 

Adults,  ratio  of  consensual  unions  among . .  132 

sex  and  race  of  married . 128 

Animals,  classification  of  owners . . . : .  562-564 

on  farms,  not  on  farms,  and  total  number  . .  561 

Area .  74 

of  farms .  .  543, 553-555 

of  forests .  553-555 

percentage  cultivated  in  sugar  cane . 549 

tobacco .  550 

of  farm  land  cultivated .  543 

to  total .  543 

under  cultivation  in  principal  crops . 558-559 

Birthplace . . 218-225 

and  selected  occupations . .  499-506 

Birth  rate  by  years .  716 


INDEX. 

% 


769 


Provinces — Continued. 

Statistical  tables — Continued. 

* .  • 

Births  by  years . * . . .  - 

Breadwinners . . . 

Buildings . . . 

Buildings,  school . ' . 

Cattle,  classification  of  owners . 

on  farms,  not  on  farms,  and  total _ 

Cattle  ranches _ . . .  . 

Censos,  valuation  of  existing _ _ _ 

Center  of- population _ • . . . 

Child  labor . : . . 

Children,  illegitimate . . . . . 

percentage  of  given  ages  . . 

ratio  to  population ...  . 

Citizenship . . . . . 

and  age... _ _ _ _ 

education . . . 

literacy . 

nativity  . . 

occupations . 

race  . . 

sex  . . . . . 

Coffee  plantations . . . 

Colleges .  . . . . 

Conjugal  conditions,  consensual  unions . 

and  nativity., 
percentages . . 
ratios  by  race 

marriage,  ratio  of  increase) . . 

ratios,  urban  and  rural ... 

and  age . 

race . . 

sex . 

by  age . 

districts  . 

nativity . 

race . 

sex . . . . 

selected  occupations  . . 

Cost  of  education. . . . . 

Crops,  area  of  principal . . 

Cultivation,  percentage  of  farm  area  under  . . . 

Death  rate  by  years . . 

Deaths,  aggregate  by  years . . 

Density  of  population . . 

Districts,  list  of  enumerators .  . 

Districts.  {See  References  by  name  of  each.) 

Disbursing  officers . . . 

Disbursement  of  census  funds . 

Distilleries . . 

Dwellings  and  families . . 

disposal  of  excreta . . . 

number  of  occupants.. . . 


Page. 


...  714,720-722 
....  15,156-159 

. .  168 

. . .  618 

.  562-564 

.  561 

. .  540 

. .  41 

. . 74-78 

.  155 

.  354-356 

. .  91 

.  91 

_  225-227 

.  255-278 

. .  228-250 

.  228-250 

.  255-278 

_  485-489 

.  255-278 

255-278, 485-489 

.  540 

.  584 

.  132-142 


.  132 

.  137 

.  127 

. 119,140 

...  122,124,127 
...  125,137,145 

.  124 

128, 132, 310-333 

.  299,301 

302-304, 310-333 
302-304, 310-333 
302-304, 310-333 

.  494-498 

. .  584 

.  558-559 

.  543 

....  718,724-726 

. .  717 

. .  191-193 

. .  668-687 

. . 625 

_ _  739 

.  552 

....  170,512-514 
....  178,520-522 
. . 167-168 


24662 - 49 


INDEX. 


770 


Provinces — Continued.  Page. 

Statistical  tables — Continued. 

Dwellings,  urban  and  rural... . 169 

Education  and  age . . . .  400-402 

citizenship . 228-250 

literacy .  228-250,358-360 

nativity . . . 400-402 

occupations . 489-493 

race  . i.__ . 400-402 

school  attendance . .  358-360 

sex . . . . .  400-402 ,  489-493 

cost . 584 

Enumerators,  list  by  districts . . 668-687 

Excreta,  methods  of  disposal  in  use  . . . .  177, 178, 520-522 

Families . . . 114-116.507-511 

and  dwellings . . . . .  170, 512-514 

Farms,  aggregate  number .  543 

area  ... _ _ _ ...  ................  o43, oo3 — 5oo 

cultivated . . 553-555 

average  size . 543 

number  of  inhabitants  . . 544 

occupants  by  race . 555-557 

occupied  by  owners  and  by  renters _ 544 

percentage  of  area  to  total  area . . 543 

tenure  by  occupant .  555-557 

Forest  area . 553-555 


Garbage  disposal . 

Illegitimates . 

Indebtedness . . 

Institutes . 

Labor  of  children _ 

Literacy  . . 

and  age . 

citizenship 
education . 


. .  176,517-519 

...... _ _ ...  3o4— 356 

.  41 

.  544 

. .  155 

.  148,149 

.  363,374 

.  228-250 

228-250, 358-360, 489-493 


nativity .  363-374 

occupations . 489-493 

race .  363-374 

school  attendance .  358-360 

sex . . . .  363-374, 489-493 

of  rural  population .  148, 149 

Live  stock,  on  farms,  not  on  farms,  and  totals .  561 

race  of  owners . 562-564 

Males  of  voting  age . Ill 

Married . 299-304 

Median  age  . 90 

Mortgage  indebtedness .  41 

Nativity  and  age . . .  207-212, 255-278, 363-374, 400-402 

citizenship . . .  255-278 

conjugal  condition .  142.302-304,310-333 


education . . .  400-402 

literacy . . . .  .  363-374 


race 


194-202,207- 


212,  255-278,  302-304,  310-333,  363-374,400-402.  477-480 


INDEX. 


771 


Provinces — Continued.  Page. 

Statistical  tables— Continued. 

N ativity  and  sex . . . .  194-202, 207- 

212,  255-278,  302-304,  310-333,  363-374,  400-402,  477-480 

selected  occupations. _ _ 477-480 

Occupations . .  . . .  15,156-159 

groups  . . 403-451 

selected _ 476-477 

and  age _ _ _ . .  440-451 ,  480-484 

birthplace _ _ 499-506 

citizenship . 485-489 

education _ 489-493 

literacy _  489-493 

marriage  _  494—498 

nativity _ _ _  . . _  477-480 

race _ _ 440-451,477-480 

sex _ _ _ 440-451,477-506 

Population,  density _ _ _  .....  . . .  74 

of  cities _ _ 190 

districts _ _ ...  ... _ _ 179-180 

wards . 181-188 


percentage  of  urban . . 76 

totals  at  different  periods. . . .  179,  703 

Plantations.  (See  Farms;  Sugar  and  Tobacco  plantations.) 

Race  and  age.  207-212.255-278,310-333,363-374,386-393,400-402, 440-451 

birthplace . 221-223 

citizenship . 255-278 

conjugal  condition . .  128, 137, 302-304,  310-333 

education . . . . . . . _ .  400-402 

farm  tenure . . . .  544, 555,  556,  557 

literacy . 363-374 

nativity . . .  194-202, 207-212, 

221-223, 255-278, 302-304. 310-333, 363-374, 400-402, 477-480 

occupations  . . .  440-451, 477-480 

school  attendance . 386-393,619 

sex  .  128, 194-202, 207-212, 221-223, 255-278, 302-304, 

310-333, 363-374, 386-393, 400-402, 440-451, 477-480, 619 

ratios . . . . . .  . . .  140 

Real  estate  values . 41 


Regions . . . 51 

Rural  population  by  districts .  191-193 

Sex  and  age .  124, 207-212, 255-278, 

302-304, 310-333, 363-374, 386-393, 400-402, 440-451, 480-484 

birthplace . 221-223,499-506 

citizenship . . .  255-278, 485-489 


conjugal  condition . .  124-128, 302-304, 310-333,  494-498 

education . . .  358-360, 400-402, 489-493 

literacy . . .  358-360, 363-374,  489-493 

nativity . . .  194-202,  207- 


212, 255-278, 302-304, 310-333, 363-374, 400-402, 477-480 


occupations 


440-451,477-506 


race .  194-202,207-212,221-223,255-278,  302- 

304, 310-333, 363-374, 386-393, 400-402, 440-451, 477-484 
school  attendance . . .  358-360,386-393,619 


INDEX. 


772 

Provinces — Continued.  Page. 

Statistical  tables — Continued. 

Sex  and  teachers  . .  619 

excess  of  males . . . . . .  82 

School  attendance . .  158. 386-393, 616, 618, 619 

by  age . . 386-393 

race . . . . . .  386-393, 619 

sex . . 386-393,619 

rural  ._ . 158 

Schools.. . 584 

classification _ _ 618 

number . 575,618 

School  buildings,  number  and  seating  capacity  .  .  _  618 

Stills, number  and  capacity _  _ _ _ _ _  552 

Sugar  cane,  production _ _ _ _ _ _  549 

percentage  of  total  cultivated  area . .  549 

centrals,  number  and  capacity . .  . . .  552 

plantations _ _ 540,560 

Supervisors,  reports  of . . . . . . . . .  627-657 

Teachers,  number  and  sex  . . . . . . .  619 

Tenure  of  farms  by  area,  cultivation,  and  number. . .  555-557 

by  race  of  occupants . .  . . .  544, 555-557 

Timber  areas . . 553-555 

Tobacco,  area  cultivated  . . 550 

crop  produced . 549 

percentage  of  area  to  total  cultivated  land . . .  550 

plantations . . . .  ..  _ _  540 

number  and  size  by  production . 560 

by  race  of  owner  and  renter _  560 

Urban  population  ratios . 114 

Values  of  censos. . . . 41 

mortgages . 41 

real  estate . . 41 

Water-supply  sources . . . . .  171, 174,514-517 

rural . 174 

Widowed . . . ...  144,299-301 

Provincial  government . . 50 

Public  works,  funds . . . . — . . .  38 

lacking . 31 

Puentes  Orandes  city . 190 

Puerto  Padre  city . .  190 

Puerto  Padre  district .  181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250, 

301,360,  433-437,  511,514,  517,519,  522,555,  683,699,  722,724,  725 
Puerto  Principe  city,  age . . .  204, 216, 291-294, 346-349, 381, 382, 397-399,  402, 458, 459 

birthplace  . 219, 224 

citizenship . . .  227, 291-294 

conjugal  conditions .  120, 132, 139, 300, 305, 346-349 

dwellings . . . 513 

education .  242, 243, 359, 402 

families. . 510-513 

illegitimates .  357 

literacy .  148, 149, 242, 243, 359, 381, 382 

nativity  ....  99, 196, 201, 216.  291-294, 305, 346-349, 381, 382, 402 

occupations .  156, 157, 424-426, 458, 459 

population .  190, 381 , 382 


INDEX. 


773 


Page. 

Puerto  Principe  city,  race. . . . . .  198, 201 

216.  224, 291-294, 305, 346-349. 381, 382, 397-399, 402, 458, 459 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta  . . .  177, 522 

garbage .  175, 519 

school  attendance _  _ 150,359,397,399 

sex . 196,201,204 

216, 224, 291-294, 305, 346-349, 381, 382, 397-399, 402, 458, 459 

water  supply..... . 172,174,576 

Puerto  Principe  district . . . .  180, 186, 192, 196,  201, 204, 219,  227,  242, 

243,  300,  359,  424-426,  510,  513,  516,  519,521,  554,683,698,720,723,725 
Puerto  Principe  province.  {See  references  to  tables  under  Provinces.) 

center  of  population _ _ 79 

province  created _ 50 

division  into  districts _ _ _ _  17 

Pupils.  ( See  School  attendance.) 

Purchase  of  Cuba  by  United  States,  proposition  made _ _ _  38, 39 

Q. 

Qualifications  of  municipal  electors _ _ _ _ _  _  49 

Queensland,  proportion  of  unmarried _ _ 146 

Queen  Regent  of  Spain  _ _ _ _ _  41 

Queipo,  Don  Vicompte  Yasquez. _ _ _ _ _ _ _  736 

Quemado  de  Guines  city . . . . . . . ....  190 

Quemado  de  Guines  district  _ _ _  181, 187, 192, 198,  201, 204, 219,  227, 244- 

247,  301,  360,  426-432,  510,  514,  516,  519,  521,554,687,699,721,723,725 

Quero,  Geronimo  de  (Governor) . . . . . . . . . .  697 

Quivican  city. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  190 

Quivican  district . . . . .  . .  179,182,191,194,200,203, 

218,  226,  232-235,  299,  358,  406-413.  508,  512,  515,  518,  520.  553.  673, 698 

R. 

Race  and  age . . .  95, 205-217, 251-298, 361-403, 438-461 

aggregate  population  by  periods  . . . . .  97 

birthplace  . . . . . . . . .  220-225 

citizenship . 251-298 

conjugal  conditions. . . . . .  .  124-142, 144, 302-353 

literacy.. . 153 

nativity . . 194-199. 

205-217, 251-298, 302-353, 361-384, 400-403, 462, 463, 477-480 

occupations _  ... .  . . .  163,165,438-463 

school  attendance . . . .  152, 385-400,  618,  619 

sex. . .  194-199, 205-217. 220-225, 251-298, 302-353, 361-403,  438-463,  477-480 

comparative  ratios . 97 

discussion  of  statistics . . . .  . . .  96 

in  relation  to  farm  products . . . .  548 

of  farm  occupants . . . .  544,  546. 555-557, 560 

relative  longevity. . 95 

tables  from  early  censuses. . . . . . 710-713 

Rafael  del  Castillo . . . . . .  566 

Rainfall . 22 

Railroads . 539 

Raja,  Vicentes  ( Governor) . . . . . .  697 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter . . . . .  534 


774 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Ramat,  Ricardo . . . . . . . .  639 

Ramirez  (intendant) . . .  569 

Ramos,  Flora . .  . . . . . .  650 

Ramsey . . . . . . . .  738 

Rancho  V eloz  city . . . . . .  190 

Rancho  Veloz  district  . . . .  181, 187, 192, 198, 201,  204, 219, 227, 244- 

247, 301,  360,  426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521, 554, 687, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Ranchuelo  city . . . . . . .  190 

Ranchuelo  district . . .181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 201, 219, 227, 244- 

247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521, 554, 684, 699. 721, 723, 725 
Rasco,  Manuel,  supervisor  of  census,  Habana  province . . .  621 

report . 627-631 

% 

Ratifications  of  treaty,  exchange  of _ 41 

Ratios.  (See  Age,  Literacy,  Conjugal  conditions,  Nativity,  Occupations, 

Race,  Sex.) 

Rea.. . 737 

Reclus  Elisee. . . . 738 

Reciprocity  agreement. .  . . . .  .  . .  27 

Reconcentrados  .  73 

supplies  furnished. .  40 

Reconcentration,  revocation  of  edict . . 40 

effect . . 72 

on  child  life . . .  87 

policy . 39 

Reforms  anticipated  by  colonists . . . . _  „  36 

commission  to  consider  . .  36 

demanded  . 37 

Regions,  political  divisions  so  called .  51 

Registers  of  property . . 58 

Regia  city,  literacy . . 148,149 

conjugal  condition  . . . 120,132,139 

nativity . . . .. . .  99 

occupations . .  156,157 

population . 190 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta  . . 177 

water  supply . 172 

Regia  district . . .  179, 182, 194, 200,  203, 218, 226, 

232,  233,  235,  236,  299,  358,  406-413,  508,  512,515,518,  520,553,671,698 

Religious  orders . . . 568 

Augustine . . 569 

Remedios  city  .  . 190 

Remedios  district  . . 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 

247,301,  360,426-432,  510,  514,  516,519,521,554,  688,  699,  721,723,  725 

Remedios  tobacco  ..  . 536 

Repartimientos. . 65,67 

Representation  in  Cortes . . 35-37 

Reptiles . 23 

Republics,  Cuban,  proclaimed . 55 

Republic  of  Cuba,  Congressional  resolution  recognizing .  39 

Resources,  mineral .  20 

Restrictions  on  colonial  production . . 31 

Revenues,  amounts .  38 

from  taxation  and  lottery  .  . .  38 

Spanish . 29-31 


INDEX 


775 


Page. 

Revolution,  last  . .  92 

of  1895-1898  . . . .  39 

Revolutions . . . . . . . . '...  31-41 

Reyna  y  Reyna,  Tomas  (Governor) - -  - - - -  098 

RioCauto . . . 20 

Rivers . . . . . .  20,649,652 

lack  of . . 539 

Roads,  character . . . . . . . .  20 

Rocafort,  Mariano  (Governor)  .... . . . . . .  697 

Rodas  city  .  . . . . . . . . 175,190 

Rodas  district. _ _ _ _  181, 187, 192, 198, 201 , 204, 219, 227, 244- 

247,  301,  360,  426-432,  510,  514,  516,  519,  521,554,686,699,721,723,725 

Rodriguez,  Rorrario . . . . . . . . . .  636 

Rodriguez,  Senor . 574 

Roig,  Clarissa .  . . . . . . . .  638 

Roia  . . 33 

Rojas,  Manuel  de  (Governor) . 696 

Romay ,  Dr . . . . .  568 

Romero,  Julian. . . . . . . . . . .  638 

Roncali,  Federico  (Governor) . . .  698 

Root,  Elihu  (Secretary  of  War) . . . . . . . .  14,625 

Roque  city  . . . . . . . . . .  190 


Roque  district . . . .  180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237- 

239,  300,  359,  413-419,  509,  513,  515,  518,521,554,678,699,720,722,724 


Rowan  . . . . . . . .  738 

Royal  decrees.  (See  Decrees.) 

S. 


Sabanilla  city . .  .  . . . . .  190 

Sabanilla  district . . . . .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237- 

239,  300.  359,  413-419,  509,  513,  515,  518,521,554,677,699,720,722,724 

Saco,  Jose  Antonio . . . . . . . .  569 

Sagra,  Senor  la  . . . . . . . .  31 

Sagra,  D.  Ramon  de  la. . . . . . . . .  738 

Sagrado  Corazon  de  J esus College . . . . . .  580 

Sagua  de  Tanamo  city .  .  190 

Sagua  de  Tanamo  district  . .  181, 189, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247- 

250,  301,  360,  433-437,  511,  514,  517,  519,  522,555,692,699,722,724,725 

Sagua  la  Grande  city,  age. .  204 

birthplace... . 219 

citizenship . . 227 

conjugal  condition .  120, 132, 139, 301 

dwellings . 514 

education . 244-247,360 

families . 510,514 

literacy  .  148, 149, 244-247, 360 

nativity . . .  99,198,201 

occupations .  .  156, 157, 426-432 

population . 190 

race . . . 198 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta .  . 177,521 

garbage . 175,519 

school  attendance . 360 

sex  ....  . . 198,201,204 

water  supply .  172, 516 


776 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Sagua  la  Grande  district  - .  . .  181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 

244-247.301, 360, 426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521,554, 687, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Sagua  la  Grande  River . . . . .  20 

Salamanca  y  Begrete,  Manuel  (Governor) .  .  696 

Salamanca,  Juan  de  (Governor) . . . . . . . . .  697 

Salud  district . . . . .  179,182,191,194,200,203,218, 

226. 232. 233. 235.236. 299. 358. 406- 413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 698 

Sampson,  William  T  ... . . . . . .  41 

San  Ambrosia  College . . 566 

Hospital . 568 

Seminary  _. . 568 

San  Anacleta  College _ 580 

San  Antonio  Cape . . 18 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  . .  175,190 

San  Antonio  de  los  Banos  district _ _  179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203, 218, 

226. 233. 235. 236.299. 358. 406- 413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 673, 699 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vegas  district _ _  179, 182, 191, 194, 200, 203,  218, 226, 

232.233.235.236.299.358.406- 413,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  673,  699 

San  Antonio  de  las  Vueltas  district . . .  181, 187, 192, 198, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244- 

247,301,360,426-433,510,  514,  516,  519,  521,  554,  686,  699,  721.  723,  725 
San  Antonio  de  Rio  Blanco  district.  (See  Santa  Cruz  del  Norte.) 

San  Basilo  Magno  seminary . . 567 

San  Carlos  College . . . . . . .  568, 580 

San  Caros  College . . 569 

Sanches,  Manuel  Andres . . . . _ .  35 

Sanches,  Etelvina. . 632 

San  Cristobal  College . .  580 

San  Cristobal  district . . . . . . .  180, 185, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

219,226,240-242,300,  359,419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  680,  699 

Sancti  Spiritus  city,  age .  204 

birthplace .  219 

citizenship . . 227 

conjugal  condition. . . .  120, 132, 139,  301 

dwellings. . 514 

education . 244-247, 360 

families . 510,514 

literacy . .  .  148, 149, 244-247, 360 

nativity . 99,198,201 

occupations . 156,157,430-433 

population. .  190 

race . . . .  198, 201 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta .  177,522 

garbage .  175, 519 

school  attendance . . .  360 

sex . . .  198, 201, 204 

water  supply . . .  172,174,516 

Sancti  Spiritus  College .  580 

Sancti  Spiritus  district .  181,187,192.198,201,204,219, 

227,244-247,  301,360,426-433,  510,514,  516,  519,  522,  554,  689,  699,  721 

San  Diego  . .  723, 725 

San  Diego  de  los  Banos  district . 180, 185, 192, 196, ,  201. 204, 

219.226.240- 242,300,  359,  419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554,  681,  699 

San  Diego  de  Nunez  district .  180, 185, 196. 201, 204, 

219.226.240- 242,300,359,419-423,  509,  513,  516,  518,  521,  554.  681,  699 


INDEX. 


777 


Page. 

San  Diego  del  Valle  district _ _  181, 187, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 

244-247, 301 , 360. 426-433, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699, 721,723, 725 

San  Domingo . . . . . . . . .  . .  25 

importation  of  slaves  into  . _ _ _ _ _  67 

Indian  population _ _ _ _ _.  66 

slavery  in  island _ _ _  _ _ _ _  67 

San  Felipe  city - - - - .. -  - - - .  _  _  190 

San  Felipe  district _ _ _  _ _ _ _  179, 182. 191, 194,200,203,218, 

226,233,235,236,299,358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553.  673,  699 

San  Fernando  city . . . .  _ _ _  _ _  190 

San  Fernando  College _ _ 580 

San  Fernando  district . . 181,187,192,198.201,204,219,227, 

244-247, 301, 360,  426-433,  511, 514,  516,  519, 522, 555,686, 699,721,723, 725 

San  Francisco  de  Paula  College _ .. _  .  _ _ _  580 

Sanger,  Lieut.  Col.  J.  P. .  Ins.  Genl.,  U.S.  A. .  appointed  director  of  census..  621 

director  of  census _ _  15,  694 

letter  of  transmittal  . . 9 

reports  received  by _  625-668 

San  Ignacio  College _ _ _  . _ _ _ _  566 

Sanitation,  effect  of  poor  _ _ _ _ _ _ _  85 

dwellings . . . . .  ....  167 

disposition  of  excreta . . . . .  520-522 

garbage  _ _ _ 517-520 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas  city _  _ _ _ _ _ _  . .  190 

San  Jose  de  las  Lajas  district _ _ _  179, 183, 191, 194, 200,  203, 218, 

226. 233. 235. 236. 299. 358. 406- 413, 508, 512, 515,  518.  520. 553,  672, 699 

San  Jose  de  los  Ramos  city  . . .  . . .  190 

San  Juan  battle  of . . . . .  . . .  41 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios  district.  (See  Remedios  district.) 

San  J uan  de  las  Yeras  city . . 190 

San  Juan  de  las  Yeras  district .  181, 187, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301, 360, 426-433,  511, 514,  516, 519, 522,  554,  685, 699, 721, 723, 725 
San  Juan  y  Martinez  district . . . .  180,185,192,196,201,204, 

219. 226. 240- 242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 679, 699 

San  Luis  city . . . . . .  190 

San  Luis  College  . . . . .  580 

San  Luis  district,  Santiago  province ....  181 , 190, 193, 198, 202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250, 

301. 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555,  691, 699, 722, 724, 725 
San  Luis  district,  Pinar  del  Rio  province. . .  180, 185, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

219. 226. 240- 242, 300,  359, 419-423, 509,  513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 679, 699 

San  Meliton  College  . . . . .  580 

San  Miguel  Arcangel  College  . .  . . .  580 

San  Nicolas  district . . . . . .  179, 183, 191, 194, 200, 203, 218, 

226. 233. 235. 236. 299. 358. 406- 413,  508,  512, 515,  518,  520,  553,  674, 699 

San  Rafael  College . .  580 

San  Ramon  College. . . . . . . .  580 

San  Sulpicio,  religious  order . . . .  . .  568 

Santa  Ana  city . 190 

Santa  Ana  College . 580 

Santa  Ana  district .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237-239, 

300, 359, 413-419, 509,  513, 515, 518,  521. 554,  675,  699.  720,  722,  724 

Santa  Clara  city,  age . . 204 

birthplace  . .  220 

citizenship . .  227 


778 


INDEX 


Page. 

Santa  Clara  city,  conjugal  condition  . .  120, 132, 139, 301 

dwellings . .  514 

education . . . .  244-247, 360 

families . . .  511, 514 

literacy. .  148, 149, 244-247, 360 

nativity .  99, 198, 201 

occupations .  156,157,426-429 

population . 190 

race . 198,201 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta... .  177,522 

garbage . 175,519 

school  attendance .  360 

sex . . 198,201,204 

water  supply . . . . . .  172, 516 


Santa  Clara  district 


181, 187, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244-247 


301, 360, 426-433, 511 , 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684, 699,  721, 723, 725 

Santa  Clara,  losses  in  population . . . . . . . .  73 

Santa  Clara  province.  (See  references  under  Provinces. ) 

center  of  population .  79 

province  created  . . 50 

division  into  districts  . 17 

Santa  Cruz  de  los  Pinos  district.  (See  San  Cristobal  district.) 

Santa  Cruz  del  Norte  district . . .  179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

226, 233, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 699 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  city . . .  190 

Santa  Cruz  del  Sur  district . .  180, 186, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227,  242. 

243,300,  359,  424-426,510,  513,  516,519,521,  554,682,699,  720,  723,  725 


Santa  F e  city . . . . . . .  190 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  city. . . .  190 

Santa  Isabel  de  las  Lajas  district .  181, 187, 192, 196,  201,  204, 219, 227, 244-247, 

301,  360,  426-433,  511,  514,  516,  519,  522,  554,  686,  699,  721,  723,  725 

Santa  Maria  del  Rosario  district . . .  179, 183, 191 , 194, 200, 203, 218, 

226,  233,  235,  236,  299,358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,520,553,671,699 

Santiago  attacked  by  American  army . .  40 

buccaneers .  29 

Santiago  Apostol  College . .  580 

Santiago  city,  age . .  205, 217, 295-298, 305-353, 383, 384, 399,  400, 460, 461 

birthplace  . . .  220, 225 

citizenship . , .  227,295-298 

conjugal  condition . , .  120, 132, 139, 301, 305,  350-353 

dwellings .  514 

education  . 244-250,360,403 

families .  511,514 

illegitimates . .  357 

literacy . .  148, 149, 244-250, 360, 383, 384 

nativity . .  99, 198, 202, 217, 295, 298, 305, 350-353, 403 

occupations .  156, 157, 433-437, 383, 384, 460, 461 

population .  190,383.384 

race . 198, 

202. 217, 225, 295-298, 305, 350, 353, 383, 384, 399, 400, 403, 460, 461 

sanitation,  disposition  of  excreta .  177, 522 

garbage . . . 175,519 

school  attendance .  150, 360, 399. 400 


INDEX. 


779 


Page. 


Santiago  city,  sex . - . .  198, 202, 205, 217,  305, 350-353, 403 

water  supply . -. .  172, 173, 517 

Santiago  de  Cuba  district  (see  Palma  Soriano  and  San  Luis  districts  for  por¬ 
tions  of  former  territory) _  181, 190, 193, 198,  202, 205, 220, 227, 247-250, 

301, 360, 433, 437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522, 555, 691,  699,  722, 724, 725 
Santiago  province.  (See  references  under  Provinces.) 

center  of  population . — .  80 

port  of  entry . . .  . . .  27 

province  created _ _ _ _  50 

division  into  districts _ _ _ _ _ _ _  17 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  city . . . . . .  190 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas  district  . . . .  179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 

226,  233,  235,  236,  299,  358,  406-413,  508,  512,  515,  518,520,553,673,699 

Santo  Domingo  ( see  also  San  Domingo) . . . .  534 

revolution  beneficial  to  Cuba. _ _  43 

Santo  Domingo  city . . . . . ... . . .  190 

Santo  Domingo  district . .  181, 187, 192, 196, 201, 204, 219, 227,  244-247, 

301, 360, 426-433,  511,  514,  516. 519,  522, 554, 687, 699, 721, 723, 725 

Scandinavia,  natives  resident  in  Cuba _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _  220-225 

Schedules,  census . . . - . ..  . . . . .  61 

limitations  of  forms  adopted . . . . . .  9 

of  agriculture  . . . .  .  540, 541 

school . . .. . . .  . . . .  616 

Scholatria  at  Santiago . . . .  566 

School  attendance . . . . . . . . . T _  150, 584 


and  education .  . . . . . . . .  358-360 

literacy . . . . . . . . . 358-360 

at  latest  reports _ _ _ _  615 

by  age  . . . . .  152,385 

classes _  _ .. _ .. _ _ _  618 

race _ _ _. _ _  152,385,618,619 

ratio  to  population _ _ _ _  618 

sex _ _ _ 151,385,619 

schedules .  616 

buildings . 618 

equipment  . . . . .  . . - _ _ _  581 

law.  present  status  of  system.. _ _ ... _ _  585-615 

normal . . . 584 

number  in  June,  1900... . . . . . . .  615 

system . 585-615 

Schools . . 565-620 


by  classes  and  by  provinces . . . . . .  618 

expenditures  for  support . . . . . . . . . .  585 

history  of  Cuban  education . . 565-581 

lack  of,  under  Spanish  regime . . . .  . .  42 

number . 575 

by  classes . 584 

primary . 578 

professional . 584 

secondary . . 579 

superior . 579 

Scotland,  natives  resident  in  Cuba . . 220-225 

proportion  of  married . 118 


780 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Scotland,  proportion  of  unmarried .  146 

Secret  societies . . 32,33 

Self-government,  census  a  step  in  establishment .  10 

early . .  . . . . . . .  45 

Senate,  United  States.  Committee  on  Relations  with  Cuba .  9 

Senor,  Father  . . . . .  . .  574 

Sergeant,  J ohn  . . . . . . .  34 

Serrano,  Don  Francisco  (Governor) . 698,734 

Settlement  of  Cuba . . . . . .  23-26 

Settlements,  early  . 24, 25 

Seville,  exclusive  trade  privileges  granted. . . . . .  27 

Sex  and  age  . . . . . .  92-96, 122-124, 135, 

136. 163, 165, 205-217, 251-298, 306-353, 361-403, 438-461, 463-465, 480-484 

birthplace _ 220-225,419-506 

citizenship . . . . . . .  251-298, 465-467, 489-493 

conjugal  conditions . 122, 

124, 128, 133, 135, 136,302-353, 469-471, 485-489, 494-498 


education . . .  400-403, 467 -469. 489-493 

literacy . 153,361-384,467-469 

nativity _  194,205-217,251-298.302-358,361-403,462-463,477-480 

occupations. .  . 157,161,163,165,166,438-506 

race _  194, 205-217, 220-225, 251-298, 302-353, 361-403, 462, 463,  477-480 

school  attendance  . 151,385-400 

by  provinces  and  districts  . . . . . .  194-202 

discussion  of  tables . 80-83 

of  earlier  censuses . 710 

of  teachers  and  pupils .  . . . .  619 

ratios . . . . . 1 . . .  88 

table  from  earlier  censuses .  710-713 

Shatter,  Gen.  W.  R_ . . . . . . .  40 

Shaw,  Albert . . . . . . . .  738 

Siete  Partidas . 44 

Sierra  Adentro . . 17 

Sierra  de  los  Organos . . . . . . .  536 

Sierra  Maestra .  16, 18, 20, 652 


sparsely  populated. . 

Siete  Partidas . . . . 

Silva  Cl otilde . . . . . 

Silver  mining . . . 

Single.  {See  Conjugal  conditions.) 

Slave  trade . 

Slavery . . . 

abolition  of . 

Indian . . . 

introduction  of  negro . . . 

Slaves,  statistics  regarding . 

Smuggling  . . . 

Sociedad  de  la  Cadena  . . 

Sociedad  Economica  . .  . 

Sociedad  Patriotica.  {See  Sociedad  Economica.) 

Soles  de  Bolivar  . 

South  America,  natives  resident  in  Cuba  . . 

Spain,  relations  to  Cuba . . . 

emigration . 


75 

44 

650 

21 


.  67.731,732 

.  729 

.  38 

.  65 

67 

. .  98.710-713 

.  29 

.  34 

42, 43. 568, 569, 574 


. 33 

.  98, 220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

.  26-58 

.  .  26 


INDEX. 


781 


Page. 

Spain,  natives  resident  in  Cuba . .  220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

proportion  of  widowed . . . .  143 

regulations  about  colonists .  . . . .  70 

treaty  with  China  . . .  71 

treaties  entered  into.  {See  Treaties. ) 

Spalding,  J.B . 625 

Spalding,  W.L . 625 

Spanish-American  war . 40-41 

Spanish  Bank,  collection  of  taxes . . . . .  30 

of  Cuba.. . .  . . . . .  583 

Spanish  laws  violated . . . .  31 

theory  of  colonial  government . 26 

Stamp  taxes . . 30 

Statistics,  date  basis . . . .  ..  72 

Sterling,  Marques . . 641,642,643 

Stock  raising . . 539 

Students.  {See  School  attendance. ) 

Sugar . . 524-560 

beet,  effect  on  production  of  cane  sugar . . .  525 

cane  cultivation,  methods  . . . . . .  524 

production  by  provinces. .  549 

export  duty  established . . . . . .  28 

fall  in  price  of . 38 

history  of  Cuban  production . 525 

method  of  manufacture . . 524 

mills  (centrals) . . . . .  552 

plantations . 540 

by  area,  and  by  race  of  occupants. .  560 

by  production,  and  by  race  of  occupants. .  560 

development . . 524 

labor  regulations .  ..  .  531 

number . 524 

salaries  paid  in  connection  with . 531 

price  in  relation  to  production . . . . .  526-533 

production  by  years .  . .  527, 533 

Supervisors  of  census,  appointed . 621 

instructions  given . 10 

nominated  by  military  governor .  10 

reports  of .  627-657 

return  to  Washington . 10 

Surgidero  city . .  190 

Sweden ,  proportion  of  unmarried . . . . . .  146 

Switzerland,  percentage  of  children. .  85 

proportion  of  unmarried- . 146 


T. 


Tabulating  Machine  Company . .  14 

contract  for  census  tables . .  694 

method  used .  . . . . .  61 

Tacon,  General .  . . . . . .  569 

Tacon,  Miguel  (Governor) . . . . . . .  69*7 

Tacon  y  Rosique,  Miguel  (Governor) . .  697 

Tapaste  district . . .  179, 183, 191, 194, 200, 203, 218, 

226, 233, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 672, 699 


782 


INDEX. 


Tariff  .. . . . 

differential,  effects . . . 

effect  on  agriculture  . . 

Tasso,  Don  Jose .  .  . 

Taxation,  effect  of  Spanish  . . . . 

on  sugar  production _ 

excessive . . 

Taxes,  character . 

Teachers . 

number  by  classes . 

provinces  and  by  sex 

in  June,  1900 . . 

salaries . . . . 

Tejada,  Juan  de  (Governor) . . . 

Temperature . . . . 

Ten  years'  war  _  . . . . . . . 


Jfage. 

. 28,31 

.  29 

. . 539 

. . .  568 

. .  30 

.  528,529 

. 29-31 

.  29 

581-584, 578,615-619 

. . .  584 

.  619 

.  651 

.  578 

. . 697 

. .  21 

. 36,37 


cost . 37 

effect  on  conjugal  conditions  . .  124, 136 

schools . . . 581 

Tetas  de  Managua . 19 

Tineo.  Juan  A.  (Governor) .  697 

Tobacco  . . 533-537 

cultivation. . 536-537 

curing  . . 537 

early  production . 535 

monopoly . 535 

pi  antations .  . 540 

by  area  and  by  occupancy  . . 549 

by  production  and  race  of  occupant . .  549 

productions  by  provinces . 549 

Tonnage  taxes . 28 

Torre,  Don  Rodriguez  dela . .  733 

Torre,  Marques  de  la  (Governor) .  697 

Torres,  Laureano  de  (Governor) . 697 

Trade  regulations,  colonial . 26-29 

restrictions  . . . . . .  27-29, 36 

tables,  statistical.  ( See  Occupations.) 

winds,  effect  on  climate  . .  22 

Treaty  between  Spain  and  China  .  70, 71 

Dutch  provinces . 27 

United  States . . .  41 

of  Madrid,  between  England  and  Spain  .  27 

Paris  (1763)  . . 43 

Vienna .  68 

Zanjon . 37,528 

with  England . .  68 

Treaties,  provisions  as  to  trade .  27 

Trespalacios,  Bishop .  568 

Tridentine  Seminary .  566 

Trinidad  district .  181,  187,  192,  196, 201, 204, 219, 227, 244, 245, 

247, 301 , 360, 426-433, 51 1,514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 684. 699, 721 , 723, 725 

Trinidad  city,  age . 204 

birthplace . 220 

citizenship .  227,245-247 


INDEX. 


783 


Page. 

Trinidad  city,  conjugal  condition . . .  --  120, 132, 139, 301 

dwellings . . . - . - . . .  514 

education . .  . - . .  245-247 , 360 

families . . 511,514 

literacy . . . . . .  148, 149, 245-247 , 360 

nativity - - 99,198,201 

occupations . . . . . -  -  426-433 

population . . . -  -  - .  190 

race . .  .  198, 201 

sanitation,  method  of  disposal  of  excreta. . : . —  177, 522 

garbage _ _ 175,519 

school  attendance . . . —  360 

sex  . . __ . . . . - .  198,201,204 

water  supply . . 172,174,516 

Trinidad,  port  of  entry .  . . - . -  27 

percentage  of  married  population.  . . . .  118, 121 

proportion  of  unmarried . . 146 

widowed . . 143 

Troncoso,  Bernardo  (Governor) . . 697 

Turks  Island,  proportion  of  unmarried  . . . . . .  .  146 

widowed  . .  143 

Turnbull . 738 


U. 

Ulloa,  Francisco  Javier  de  (Governor) .  698 

Union  de  Reyes  district . . .  180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 219, 226, 237-239, 

300, 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515,  518, 521, 554, 677, 699, 720, 722, 724 

Unions,  consensual.  (See  Conjugal  conditions.) 

United  States,  age  of  breadwinners . . .  160, 161 

married . . . 136 

age  periods  . . 86 

of  unmarried .  146 

attitude  during  insurrections . 39 

breadwinners . . .  155, 159, 163 

comparative  age  ratios . .  88 

dwellings  and  families . .  170 

importation  of  Cuban  tobacco . 535 

interest  in  Cuban  affairs  . .  38 

longevity  by  race .  95 

median  age  by  sex . 92 

of  population . . . 84 

natives  resident  in  Cuba . .  220-225, 472-475, 499-506 

neutrality . 39 

occupations .  . 155,159,163 

by  groups  and  sex . 166 

race . .  164,165 

percentage  of  married  . .  118 

natives  in  Cuba  . 98 

population  occupation . 157 

marriageable  age  . .  121 

married .  122, 123, 135 

unmarried.... .  146 

widowed .  143 


784 


INDEX. 


Page. 

United  States,  ratio  engaged  in  occupations .  155 

of  children  by  age . 89 

husbands  to  wives  and  widowed . 143 

married  to  adults . 121 

widowed . 142 

sex  of  breadwinners .  161 

sugar  produced . .  525 

University,  early  history . .  566,567 

establishment .  566 

of  Habana . 579 

curriculum .  570 

of  Merida .  . 567 

Unmarried  ( see  Conjugal  condition) .  299, 301 

by  age,  nativity,  race,  and  sex . 306-353 

sex,  race,  and  nativity . 302-305 

sex  and  occupations . .  494-498 

discussion  of  tables . . 145-147 

ratio  to  population .  146 

sex  ratios . .  146 

Unzaga,  Luis  de  (Governor) .  697 

Ursulines,  school . 568 


x  V. 


Valdez,  Antonio . . _ . . .  639 

Valdes,  Bishop  Francisco  Geronimo . 567 

Valdes,  Don  Geronimo  (Governor) . 731 

V aides,  Father . _ . . . . .  566 

Valdes  y  Sierra,  Geronimo  (Governor) . 698 

Vallejo,  Diego  (Governor) . 697 

Valleys . . .  19 

Value  of  livestock .  540 

censos . 41 

mortgages .  41 

real  estate .  41 

Varelo,  Felix  . 568 

Vegetables .  550.551 

Velazquez,  Diego  (Governor).... . . .  25,32,43,65,696,727 

Venegas,  Francisco  de  (Governor) . 697 

Vento  spring  . .  173 

Vera-Cruz . .  . 27 

V ereda  N ueva  city .  190 

Vereda  Nueva  district .  179, 183, 191, 194, 200, 203, 218, 

226,233,235,236,299,358,406-413,508,  512,  515,  518,  520,  553,  673,  699 

Vessels,  search  of  American .  39 

Viamontes,  Juan  Bitriande  (Governor) . . . 697 

Viana.  Diego  de  (Governor) .  697 

Vienna,  treaty  of .  68 

Vilaro  y  Diaz,  Dr.  Don  Juan . . . 573 

Villa  Clara .  570 

Villalba,  Diego  de  (Governor) . 697 

Villalpando,  Am brosio  (Governor) .  697 

Villarin,  Pedro  Alvares  (Governor) .  697 

Villate,  Bias  (Governor) .  698 

Villavicencio,  Maria  Nunez  de .  666,668 


INDEX. 


785 


Page, 

Vinales  city . . . . . . . .  190 

Vinales  district . . . —  -  180, 185, 192, 196, 201, 204, 

219,  226,  240-242,  300,  359,  419-423,  509.  513,  516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 

Virginius,  capture  of  vessel _ _ _ _ _ _ . _  39 

Viscaya,  Spanish  cruiser,  visit  to  New  York _ _ _ _  40 

Vital  statistics . . . . . . . . .  86,714 

Vives,  Captain-General _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _  33, 35 

Vives,  Dionisio  (governor) _  _ _ _ _ _ _  697 

Vives,  Don  Francisco  Dionisio  (governor) _ _ _ _  730 

Vogdes,  Capt.  Charles  B.,  disbursing  officer . . . . .  625 

Voters.  (See  Citizenship  by  age.) 

qualifications  of . . . . . .  45-47-49 

Vuelta  Aba  jo . . . . . . .  17,19.36,536 

Vuelta  Arriba _ _ _ _ _ _ _  17 

Vueltas  city . . - . . . .  190 

W. 


Wales,  proportion  of  unmarried .  .  146 

War,  declared  by  United  States.. ... _ _ , _ _ _ _ _  41 

War  Department  order  directing  the  taking  of  the  census. . . . .  621-624 

appointing  disbursing  officers  . . . .  625 


War,  effects  of _ _ _ 

on  marriage _ 

population _ _ 

schools  . . . 

sugar  production _ 

War,  The  Ten  Years’ _ _ _ 

Wards . . . 

population  by _ _ _ 

Water-supply  sources . . 

Wealth,  effects  of  war  on . . . 

lack  due  to  governmental  policy 

Weis,  Maria. . . . . . 

West  Indies,  natives  resident  in  Cuba _ 

Weyler  y  Nicolau,  Valeriano  (Governor) 
Widowed  (see  Conjugal  conditions) _ 


42 

.  136 

73 

.  581 

525, 529 
41 


.  12,46 
181-190 


170-175, 514-517 


42 

32 

650 


220-225, 472-475,  499-506 

. . .  40,581,698 

_  142-145, 


299-301, 302-353. 469-471,  494-498,  710 


Willcox,  Walter  F . . . . . . .  14 

Wilson,  Gen.  James  H.._ . . . .  635, 638 

Wilson,  Maj.  James  E _ _ _ _ _  631 

Wilson,  Maj.  James  L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  625 

W indward  Passage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  18 

Wines,  Dr.  F.  H  __  . . . .  . . .  9.10 

Wives.  (See  Conjugal  conditions.) 

Wood,  Maj.  Gen.  Leonard  (Military  Governor)  _ ... _  49,57,60,585,638 


X. 

Xeldes,  Francisco  (Governor) . . . . . . . . .  697 


Y. 

Yaguajay  city . . . . . .  190 

Yaguajay  district . . . .  181,187,192.196,201,204.219,227.244-247, 

301. 360. 426-433, 511, 514,  516.  519, 522, 554,  684. 699,  721.  723, 725 

24662 - 50 


786 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Yara  River . . . . . 174 

Yayabo  River  . . . . . . . .  174 

Ybarra,  Rosa . . . . .  637 

Yelguez,  Bishop  Hechavarria . . . . . .  566 

Yglesia  city . . . . . . . .  190 

Yucatan  channel . . . . . . .  17 

distance  from  Cuba . . . . . .  17 

Indians . 733,735 

Indians  imported  in  co  Cuba _  .  . . . . .  67 

regulations  of  immigration  from. . . .  70 

Yumuri  Valley . 19 

Z. 

Zamora . . 738 

Zapata  Swamp  . . . . . . . . . .  18, 67, 648,  650 

report  of  enumerator . . . . . . .  658-665 

Zanjon,  treaty  of . . . .  37,  528 

Zaragosa . 738 

Zuazo  (licentiate) . 66 


* 


* 


r 


- 


•  . 


- 


